Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Exploring Fault-Energy Trade-offs in Approximate DNN Hardware
  Accelerators   Systolic array-based deep neural network (DNN) accelerators have recently
gained prominence for their low computational cost. However, their high energy
consumption poses a bottleneck to their deployment in energy-constrained
devices. To address this problem, approximate computing can be employed at the
cost of some tolerable accuracy loss. However, such small accuracy variations
may increase the sensitivity of DNNs towards undesired subtle disturbances,
such as permanent faults. The impact of permanent faults in accurate DNNs has
been thoroughly investigated in the literature. Conversely, the impact of
permanent faults in approximate DNN accelerators (AxDNNs) is yet
under-explored. The impact of such faults may vary with the fault bit
positions, activation functions and approximation errors in AxDNN layers. Such
dynamacity poses a considerable challenge to exploring the trade-off between
their energy efficiency and fault resilience in AxDNNs. Towards this, we
present an extensive layer-wise and bit-wise fault resilience and energy
analysis of different AxDNNs, using the state-of-the-art Evoapprox8b signed
multipliers. In particular, we vary the stuck-at-0, stuck-at-1 fault-bit
positions, and activation functions to study their impact using the most widely
used MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets. Our quantitative analysis shows that the
permanent faults exacerbate the accuracy loss in AxDNNs when compared to the
accurate DNN accelerators. For instance, a permanent fault in AxDNNs can lead
up to 66\% accuracy loss, whereas the same faulty bit can lead to only 9\%
accuracy loss in an accurate DNN accelerator. Our results demonstrate that the
fault resilience in AxDNNs is orthogonal to the energy efficiency.

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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: stat