Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Observational Techniques With Transiting Exoplanetary Atmospheres   Transiting exoplanets provide detailed access to their atmospheres, as the
planet's signal can be effectively separated from that of its host star. For
transiting exoplanets three fundamental atmospheric measurements are possible:
transmission spectra - where atmospheric absorption features are detected
across an exoplanets limb during transit, emission spectra - where the day-side
average emission of the planet is detected during secondary eclipse events, and
phase curves - where the spectral emission of the planet is mapped globally
following the planet around its orbit. All of these techniques have been well
proven to provide detailed characterisation information about planets ranging
from super-Earth to Jupiter size. In this chapter, I present the overall
background, history and methodology of these measurements. A few of the major
science related questions are also discussed, which range from broad questions
about planet formation and migration, to detailed atmospheric physics questions
about how a planet's atmosphere responds under extreme conditions. I also
discuss the analysis methods and light-curve fitting techniques that have been
developed to help reach the extreme spectrophotometric accuracies needed, and
how to derive reliable error estimates despite limiting systematic errors. As a
transmission spectra derived from primary transit is a unique measurement
outside of our solar system, I discuss its physical interpretation and the
underlying degeneracies associated with the measurement.

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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: cs
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: econ
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex