Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Multi-Party Timed Commitments   The problem of obtaining secret commitments from multiple parties and
revealing them after a certain time is useful for sealed-bid auctions, games,
and other applications. Existing solutions, dating back to Rivest, Shamir and
Wagner, either do not scale or rely on synchrony for the commitment phase and
trust of $t/n$ parties. We formalize the problem of implementing such
commitments with a probabilistic delay and without the aforementioned
assumptions as Multi-Party Timed Commitments (MPTC) and present a solution --
the Time-Capsule protocol. Like previous approaches, Time Capsule forms a
puzzle whose solution reveals the committed values. But unlike previous
solutions, no party has an advantage in solving the puzzle, and individual
commitments cannot be revealed before the entire set is committed. A particular
application of MPTC realizes an advancement in the study of decentralized
systems. The state of the art in decentralized systems is manifested in
blockchain systems that utilize Proof of Work to achieve censorship resistance.
However, they are still vulnerable to frontrunning, an issue that is plaguing
operational systems. By adapting Time Capsule, we allow it to be used for Proof
of Work, preventing frontrunning by system operators and tuning the puzzle
difficulty using the blockchain mechanism.

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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con