Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Electrostatics-driven shape transitions in soft shells   Manipulating the shape of nanoscale objects in a controllable fashion is at
the heart of designing materials that act as building blocks for self-assembly
or serve as targeted drug delivery carriers. Inducing shape deformations by
controlling external parameters is also an important way of designing
biomimetic membranes. In this paper, we demonstrate that electrostatics can be
used as a tool to manipulate the shape of soft, closed membranes by tuning
environmental conditions such as the electrolyte concentration in the medium.
Using a molecular dynamics-based simulated annealing procedure, we investigate
charged elastic shells that do not exchange material with their environment,
such as elastic membranes formed in emulsions or synthetic nanocontainers. We
find that by decreasing the salt concentration or increasing the total charge
on the shell's surface, the spherical symmetry is broken, leading to the
formation of ellipsoids, discs, and bowls. Shape changes are accompanied by a
significant lowering of the electrostatic energy and a rise in the surface area
of the shell. To substantiate our simulation findings, we show analytically
that a uniformly charged disc has a lower Coulomb energy than a sphere of the
same volume. Further, we test the robustness of our results by including the
effects of charge renormalization in the analysis of the shape transitions and
find the latter to be feasible for a wide range of shell volume fractions.

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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: eess
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: cs