Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Matching on Generalized Propensity Scores with Continuous Exposures   In the context of a binary treatment, matching is a well-established approach
in causal inference. However, in the context of a continuous treatment or
exposure, matching is still underdeveloped. We propose an innovative matching
approach to estimate an average causal exposure-response function under the
setting of continuous exposures that relies on the generalized propensity score
(GPS). Our approach maintains the following attractive features of matching: a)
clear separation between the design and the analysis; b) robustness to model
misspecification or to the presence of extreme values of the estimated GPS; c)
straightforward assessment of covariate balance. We first introduce an
assumption of identifiability, called local weak unconfoundedness. Under this
assumption and mild smoothness conditions, we provide theoretical guarantees
that our proposed matching estimator attains point-wise consistency and
asymptotic normality. In simulations, our proposed matching approach
outperforms existing methods under settings of model misspecification or the
presence of extreme values of the estimated GPS. We apply our proposed method
to estimate the average causal exposure-response function between long-term
PM$_{2.5}$ exposure and all-cause mortality among 68.5 million Medicare
enrollees, 2000-2016. We found strong evidence of a harmful effect of long-term
PM$_{2.5}$ exposure on mortality. Code for the proposed matching approach is
provided in the CausalGPS R package, which is available on CRAN and provides a
computationally efficient implementation.

27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc