Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Identifying Opportunities to Improve the Network of Immigration Legal
  Services Providers   Immigration legal services providers (ISPs) are a principal source of support
for low-income immigrants seeking immigration benefits. Yet there is scant
quantitative evidence on the prevalence and geographic distribution of ISPs in
the United States. To fill this gap, we construct a comprehensive, nationwide
database of 2,138 geocoded ISP offices that offer low- or no-cost legal
services to low-income immigrants. We use spatial optimization methods to
analyze the geographic network of ISPs and measure ISPs' proximity to the
low-income immigrant population. Because both ISPs and immigrants are highly
concentrated in major urban areas, most low-income immigrants live close to an
ISP. However, we also find a sizable fraction of low-income immigrants in
underserved areas, which are primarily in midsize cities in the South. This
reflects both a general skew in non-governmental organization service provision
and the more recent arrival of immigrants in these largely Southern
destinations. Finally, our optimization analysis suggests significant gains
from placing new ISPs in underserved areas to maximize the number of low-income
immigrants who live near an ISP. Overall, our results provide vital information
to immigrants, funders, and policymakers about the current state of the ISP
network and opportunities to improve it.

13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin