Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Verifying thermodynamic equilibrium of molecular manifolds:
  Kennard-Stepanov spectroscopy of a molecular gas   The degree of thermalization of electronically excited state manifolds of an
absorber can be tested via optical spectroscopy. In the thermalized-manifold
case, the ratio of absorption and emission is expected to follow a universal
Boltzmann-type frequency scaling, known as the Kennard-Stepanov relation. Here,
we investigate absorption and emission spectral profiles of rubidium, cesium,
and potassium molecular dimers in a high-pressure argon buffer-gas environment
and study the effect of collisionally induced redistribution. We find that,
despite the use of nonlinear excitation techniques, the ratio of absorption and
emission well follows the Kennard-Stepanov scaling for a variety of molecular
transitions. We conclude that the upper electronic state rovibrational manifold
of the molecular gas is well in thermodynamic equilibrium. Further, we
demonstrate an accurate, calibration-free determination of the gas temperature
from the measured spectroscopic data.

23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
2
The categories of this paper are: math
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph