Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Averaging and Cosmological Observations   The gravitational field equations on cosmological scales are obtained by
averaging the Einstein field equations of general relativity. By assuming
spatial homogeneity and isotropy on the largest scales, the local
inhomogeneities affect the dynamics though correction (backreaction) terms,
which can lead to behaviour qualitatively and quantitatively different from the
Friedmann-Lema\^{i}tre-Robertson-Walker models. The effects of averaging on
cosmological observations are discussed. It is argued that, based on estimates
from observational data, the backreaction (and, in particular, the averaged
spatial curvature) can have a very significant dynamical effect on the
evolution of the Universe and must be taken into account in observational
cosmology.

36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
2
The categories of this paper are: math
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org