Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: DeepHateExplainer: Explainable Hate Speech Detection in Under-resourced
  Bengali Language   The exponential growths of social media and micro-blogging sites not only
provide platforms for empowering freedom of expressions and individual voices,
but also enables people to express anti-social behaviour like online
harassment, cyberbullying, and hate speech. Numerous works have been proposed
to utilize textual data for social and anti-social behaviour analysis, by
predicting the contexts mostly for highly-resourced languages like English.
However, some languages are under-resourced, e.g., South Asian languages like
Bengali, that lack computational resources for accurate natural language
processing (NLP). In this paper, we propose an explainable approach for hate
speech detection from the under-resourced Bengali language, which we called
DeepHateExplainer. Bengali texts are first comprehensively preprocessed, before
classifying them into political, personal, geopolitical, and religious hates
using a neural ensemble method of transformer-based neural architectures (i.e.,
monolingual Bangla BERT-base, multilingual BERT-cased/uncased, and
XLM-RoBERTa). Important(most and least) terms are then identified using
sensitivity analysis and layer-wise relevance propagation(LRP), before
providing human-interpretable explanations. Finally, we compute
comprehensiveness and sufficiency scores to measure the quality of explanations
w.r.t faithfulness. Evaluations against machine learning~(linear and tree-based
models) and neural networks (i.e., CNN, Bi-LSTM, and Conv-LSTM with word
embeddings) baselines yield F1-scores of 78%, 91%, 89%, and 84%, for political,
personal, geopolitical, and religious hates, respectively, outperforming both
ML and DNN baselines.

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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg