Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Quantum-enhanced Markov chain Monte Carlo   Sampling from complicated probability distributions is a hard computational
problem arising in many fields, including statistical physics, optimization,
and machine learning. Quantum computers have recently been used to sample from
complicated distributions that are hard to sample from classically, but which
seldom arise in applications. Here we introduce a quantum algorithm to sample
from distributions that pose a bottleneck in several applications, which we
implement on a superconducting quantum processor. The algorithm performs Markov
chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), a popular iterative sampling technique, to sample
from the Boltzmann distribution of classical Ising models. In each step, the
quantum processor explores the model in superposition to propose a random move,
which is then accepted or rejected by a classical computer and returned to the
quantum processor, ensuring convergence to the desired Boltzmann distribution.
We find that this quantum algorithm converges in fewer iterations than common
classical MCMC alternatives on relevant problem instances, both in simulations
and experiments. It therefore opens a new path for quantum computers to solve
useful--not merely difficult--problems in the near term.

32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
3
The categories of this paper are: physics