Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Detectability of kilonovae in optical surveys: $post$-$mortem$
  examination of the LVC O3 run follow-up   The detection of the binary neutron star merger GW170817 and the associated
electromagnetic (EM) counterpart, the "kilonova" (kN) AT2017gfo, opened a new
era in multi-messenger astronomy. However, despite many efforts, it has been
proven very difficult to find additional EM counterparts to the many LIGO/Virgo
compact binary merger candidates since then. We explore the sensitivity of
ongoing optical surveys searching for kNe and propose ways to optimize the
choices of filters and survey depth to boost the detection efficiency for these
faint and fast-evolving transients. In particular, we use kN models to explore
the dependence on ejecta mass, geometry, viewing angle, wavelength coverage and
source distance. Considering that the O3 LIGO/Virgo binary neutron star merger
candidates were at distances about 5 times further than GW170817, we find that
efficient $gri$ counterpart search would require reaching a limiting magnitude
$m_{\rm lim}=$ 23 mag, given the model phase-space. We conclude that kN
searches during O3 were generally too shallow to observe optical counterparts,
even under optimistic assumptions, thus providing a plausible explanation for
the lack of detections.

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The categories of this paper are: stat
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol