Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Hubble Advanced Camera for Surveys Observations of the z=6.42 Quasar
  SDSS 1148+5251: A Leak in the Gunn-Peterson Trough   The Hubble Advanced Camera for Surveys has been used to obtain a narrow-band
image of the weak emission peak seen at lambda=7205 A in the Gunn-Peterson Ly
beta absorption trough of the highest redshift quasar, SDSS J1148+5251. The
emission looks perfectly point-like; there is no evidence for the intervening
galaxy that we previously suggested might be contaminating the quasar spectrum.
We derive a more accurate astrometric position for the quasar in the two
filters and see no indication of gravitational lensing. We conclude that the
light in the Ly beta trough is leaking through two unusually transparent,
overlapping windows in the IGM absorption, one in the Ly beta forest at z ~ 6
and one in the Ly alpha forest at z ~ 5.
  If there are significant optical depth variations on velocity scales small
compared with our spectral resolution (~150 km/s), the Ly alpha trough becomes
more transparent for a given Ly beta optical depth. Such variations can only
strengthen our conclusion that the fraction of neutral hydrogen in the IGM
increases dramatically at z>6. We argue that the transmission in the Ly beta
trough is not only a more sensitive measure of the neutral fraction than is Ly
alpha, it also provides a less biased estimator of the neutral hydrogen
fraction than does the Ly alpha transmission.

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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th