Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Biophysical interaction, nanotoxicology evaluation, and biocompatibility
  and biosafety of metal nanoparticles   Nanotechnology has been one of the fastest growing fields in the last three
decades. Nanomaterials (sized 1-100 nm) has a wide spectrum of potential
applications in many fields, applied as coating materials or in treatment and
diagnosis. Nowadays, nanoparticles of both metallic and non-metallic origin are
under investigation and development for applications in various fields of
biology/therapeutics. Specifically, we show the correlations between the
physicochemistry and biophysical specificity of metal nanoparticles and their
uptake, transport, and biodistribution in cells, at the molecular, cellular,
and whole organism level. Physiologically important metals are present in the
human body with a wide range of biological activities. Some of these metals are
magnesium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, selenium and
molybdenum. Metals used in nanotechnology have to be biocompatible with the
human system in terms of absorption, assimilation, excretion, and side effects.
These metals are synthesized in the form of nanoparticles by different physical
and chemical methods. Nanotoxicological studies of metal nanoparticles are
intended to determine whether and to what extent their properties may pose a
threat to the environment and to human beings. An overview of metal and metal
oxide nanoparticles, their applications, and the potential for human exposure
is provided, and it is integrated by a discussion of general principles of
nanoparticle-induced toxicity and methods for toxicity testing of
nanomaterials. This review wants to focus on establishing metal nanoparticles
of physiological importance to be the best candidates for future
nanotechnological tools and medicines, owing to the acceptability and safety in
the human body. This can only be successful if these particles are synthesized
with a better biocompatibility and low or no toxicity.

22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom