Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Multi-fluid shocks in clusters of galaxies: entropy, sigma_ v-T, M-T and
  L_x-T scalings   The nonthermal phenomena in clusters of galaxies are considered in the
context of the hierarchical model of cosmic structure formation by accretion
and merging of the dark matter (DM) substructures.Accretion and merging
processes produce large-scale gas shocks. The plasma shocks are expected to be
collisionless. In the course of cluster's aggregation, the shocks, being the
main gas-heating agent, generate turbulent magnetic fields and accelerate
energetic particles via collisionless multi-fluid plasma relaxation processes.
The intracluster gas heating and entropy production rate by a collisionless
shock may differ significantly from that in a single-fluid collisional shock.
Simple scaling relations for postshock ion temperature and entropy as functions
of shock velocity in strong collisionless multi-fluid shocks are presented. We
show that the multi-fluid nature of the collisionless shocks results in high
gas compression, reduced entropy production and modified sigma_v-T, M-T and
L_x-T scalings. The scaling indexes estimated for a simple model of a strong
accretion multi-fluid shock are generally consistent with observations. Soft
X-ray and extreme ultraviolet photons dominate the emission of strong accretion
shock precursors that appear as large-scale filaments. Magnetic fields,
turbulence and energetic particles constitute the nonthermal components
contributing into the pressure balance, energy transport and emission of
clusters. Nonthermal emission of energetic particles could be a test to
constrain the cluster properties.

23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom