Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The Effect of Extremist Violence on Hateful Speech Online   User-generated content online is shaped by many factors, including endogenous
elements such as platform affordances and norms, as well as exogenous elements,
in particular significant events. These impact what users say, how they say it,
and when they say it. In this paper, we focus on quantifying the impact of
violent events on various types of hate speech, from offensive and derogatory
to intimidation and explicit calls for violence. We anchor this study in a
series of attacks involving Arabs and Muslims as perpetrators or victims,
occurring in Western countries, that have been covered extensively by news
media. These attacks have fueled intense policy debates around immigration in
various fora, including online media, which have been marred by racist
prejudice and hateful speech. The focus of our research is to model the effect
of the attacks on the volume and type of hateful speech on two social media
platforms, Twitter and Reddit. Among other findings, we observe that extremist
violence tends to lead to an increase in online hate speech, particularly on
messages directly advocating violence. Our research has implications for the
way in which hate speech online is monitored and suggests ways in which it
could be fought.

16
The categories of this paper are: stat
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th