Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Calibration of piezoelectric positioning actuators using a reference
  voltage-to-displacement transducer based on quartz tuning forks   We use a piezoelectric quartz tuning fork to calibrate the displacement of
ceramic piezoelectric scanners which are widely employed in scanning probe
microscopy. We measure the static piezoelectric response of a quartz tuning
fork and find it to be highly linear, non-hysteretic and with negligible creep.
These performance characteristics, close to those of an ideal transducer, make
quartz transducers superior to ceramic piezoelectric actuators. Furthermore,
quartz actuators in the form of a tuning fork have the advantage of yielding
static displacements comparable to those of local probe microscope scanners. We
use the static displacement of a quartz tuning fork as a reference to calibrate
the three axis displacement of a ceramic piezoelectric scanner. Although this
calibration technique is a non-traceable method, it can be more versatile than
using calibration grids because it enables to characterize the linear and
non-linear response of a piezoelectric scanner in a broad range of
displacements, spanning from a fraction of a nanometer to hundreds of
nanometers. In addition, the creep and the speed dependent piezoelectric
response of ceramic scanners can be studied in detail.

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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: econ