Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Revisiting Effects of Nitrogen Incorporation and Graphitization on
  Conductivity of Ultra-nano-crystalline Diamond Films   Detailed structural and electrical properties of ultra-nano-crystalline
diamond (UNCD) films grown in H$_\text{2}$/CH$_\text{4}$/N$_\text{2}$ plasma
were systematically studied as a function of deposition temperature ($T_d$) and
nitrogen content ($\%$ N$_2$) to thoroughly evaluate their effects on
conductivity. $T_d$ was scanned from 1000 to 1300 K for N$_2$ fixed at 0, 5, 10
and 20 $\%$. It was found that even the films grown in the synthetic gas
mixture with no nitrogen could be made as conductive as 1$-$10$^{-2}$ $\Omega$
cm with overall resistivity of all the films tuned over 4 orders of magnitude
through varying growth parameters. On a set of 27 samples, Raman spectroscopy
and scanning electron microscopy show a progressive and highly reproducible
film material phase transformation, from ultra-nano-crystalline diamond to
nano-crystalline graphite as deposition temperature increases. The rate of this
transformation is heavily dependent on N$_2$ content. Addition of nitrogen
greatly increases the amount of $sp^2$ bonded carbon in the films thus
enhancing the physical connectivity in the GB network that have high electronic
density of states. However, addition of nitrogen greatly slows down
crystallization of $sp^2$ phase in the GBs. Therefore, proper balance between
GB connectivity and crystallinity is the key in conductivity engineering of
(N)UNCD.

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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio