Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Recipes for spin-based quantum computing   Technological growth in the electronics industry has historically been
measured by the number of transistors that can be crammed onto a single
microchip. Unfortunately, all good things must come to an end; spectacular
growth in the number of transistors on a chip requires spectacular reduction of
the transistor size. For electrons in semiconductors, the laws of quantum
mechanics take over at the nanometre scale, and the conventional wisdom for
progress (transistor cramming) must be abandoned. This realization has
stimulated extensive research on ways to exploit the spin (in addition to the
orbital) degree of freedom of the electron, giving birth to the field of
spintronics. Perhaps the most ambitious goal of spintronics is to realize
complete control over the quantum mechanical nature of the relevant spins. This
prospect has motivated a race to design and build a spintronic device capable
of complete control over its quantum mechanical state, and ultimately,
performing computations: a quantum computer.
  In this tutorial we summarize past and very recent developments which point
the way to spin-based quantum computing in the solid-state. After introducing a
set of basic requirements for any quantum computer proposal, we offer a brief
summary of some of the many theoretical proposals for solid-state quantum
computers. We then focus on the Loss-DiVincenzo proposal for quantum computing
with the spins of electrons confined to quantum dots. There are many obstacles
to building such a quantum device. We address these, and survey recent
theoretical, and then experimental progress in the field. To conclude the
tutorial, we list some as-yet unrealized experiments, which would be crucial
for the development of a quantum-dot quantum computer.

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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con