Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Assessing the habitability of planets with Earth-like atmospheres with
  1D and 3D climate modeling   The habitable zone (HZ) describes the range of orbital distances around a
star where the existence of liquid water on the surface of an Earth-like planet
is in principle possible. While 3D climate studies can calculate the water
vapor, ice albedo, and cloud feedback self-consistently and therefore allow for
a deeper understanding and the identification of relevant climate processes, 1D
model studies rely on fewer model assumptions and can be more easily applied to
the large parameter space possible for exoplanets. We evaluate the
applicability of 1D climate models to estimate the potential habitability of
Earth-like exoplanets by comparing our 1D model results to those of 3D climate
studies in the literature. We applied a cloud-free 1D radiative-convective
climate model to calculate the climate of Earth-like planets around different
types of main-sequence stars with varying surface albedo and relative humidity
profile. These parameters depend on climate feedbacks that are not treated
self-consistently in most 1D models. We compared the results to those of 3D
model calculations in the literature and investigated to what extent the 1D
model can approximate the surface temperatures calculated by the 3D models. The
1D parameter study results in a large range of climates possible for an
Earth-sized planet with an Earth-like atmosphere and water reservoir at a
certain stellar insolation. At some stellar insolations the full spectrum of
climate states could be realized, i.e., uninhabitable conditions as well as
habitable surface conditions, depending only on the relative humidity and
surface albedo assumed. When treating the surface albedo and the relative
humidity profile as parameters in 1D model studies and using the habitability
constraints found by recent 3D modeling studies, the same conclusions about the
potential habitability of a planet can be drawn as from 3D model calculations.

21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga