Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Single-shot Non-destructive Detection of Rydberg Atom Ensembles by
  Transmission Measurement of a Microwave Cavity   Rydberg atoms are at the core of an increasing number of experiments, which
frequently rely on destructive detection methods, such as field ionization.
Here, we present an experimental realization of single-shot non-destructive
detection of ensembles of helium Rydberg atoms. We use the dispersive frequency
shift of a superconducting microwave cavity interacting with the ensemble. By
probing the transmission of the cavity and measuring the change in its phase,
we determine the number of Rydberg atoms or the populations of Rydberg quantum
states when the ensemble is prepared in a superposition. At the optimal probe
power, determined by the critical photon number, we reach single-shot detection
of the atom number with 13% precision for ensembles of about 500 Rydberg atoms
with a measurement backaction characterized by approximately 2%-population
transfer.

18
The categories of this paper are: econ
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin