Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Maximum information states for coherent scattering measurements   The use of coherent light for precision measurements has been a key driving
force for numerous research directions, ranging from biomedical optics to
semiconductor manufacturing. Recent work demonstrates that the precision of
such measurements can be significantly improved by tailoring the spatial
profile of light fields used for estimating an observable system parameter.
These advances naturally raise the intriguing question of which states of light
can provide the ultimate measurement precision. Here, we introduce a general
approach to determine the optimal coherent states of light for estimating any
given parameter, regardless of the complexity of the system. Our analysis
reveals that the light fields delivering the ultimate measurement precision are
eigenstates of a Hermitian operator which quantifies the Fisher information
based on the system's scattering matrix. To illustrate this concept, we
experimentally show that these maximum information states can probe the phase
or the position of an object that is hidden by a disordered medium with a
precision improved by an order of magnitude as compared to unoptimized states.
Our results enable optimally precise measurements in arbitrarily complex
systems, thus establishing a new benchmark for metrology and imaging
applications.

12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
2
The categories of this paper are: math
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn