Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Everything is a Race and Nakamoto Always Wins   Nakamoto invented the longest chain protocol, and claimed its security by
analyzing the private double-spend attack, a race between the adversary and the
honest nodes to grow a longer chain. But is it the worst attack? We answer the
question in the affirmative for three classes of longest chain protocols,
designed for different consensus models: 1) Nakamoto's original Proof-of-Work
protocol; 2) Ouroboros and SnowWhite Proof-of-Stake protocols; 3) Chia
Proof-of-Space protocol. As a consequence, exact characterization of the
maximum tolerable adversary power is obtained for each protocol as a function
of the average block time normalized by the network delay. The security
analysis of these protocols is performed in a unified manner by a novel method
of reducing all attacks to a race between the adversary and the honest nodes.

11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys