Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Query Efficient Decision Based Sparse Attacks Against Black-Box Deep
  Learning Models   Despite our best efforts, deep learning models remain highly vulnerable to
even tiny adversarial perturbations applied to the inputs. The ability to
extract information from solely the output of a machine learning model to craft
adversarial perturbations to black-box models is a practical threat against
real-world systems, such as autonomous cars or machine learning models exposed
as a service (MLaaS). Of particular interest are sparse attacks. The
realization of sparse attacks in black-box models demonstrates that machine
learning models are more vulnerable than we believe. Because these attacks aim
to minimize the number of perturbed pixels measured by l_0 norm-required to
mislead a model by solely observing the decision (the predicted label) returned
to a model query; the so-called decision-based attack setting. But, such an
attack leads to an NP-hard optimization problem. We develop an evolution-based
algorithm-SparseEvo-for the problem and evaluate against both convolutional
deep neural networks and vision transformers. Notably, vision transformers are
yet to be investigated under a decision-based attack setting. SparseEvo
requires significantly fewer model queries than the state-of-the-art sparse
attack Pointwise for both untargeted and targeted attacks. The attack
algorithm, although conceptually simple, is also competitive with only a
limited query budget against the state-of-the-art gradient-based whitebox
attacks in standard computer vision tasks such as ImageNet. Importantly, the
query efficient SparseEvo, along with decision-based attacks, in general, raise
new questions regarding the safety of deployed systems and poses new directions
to study and understand the robustness of machine learning models.

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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int