Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The survival-incorporated median versus the median in the survivors or
  in the always-survivors: What are we measuring? And why?   Many clinical studies evaluate the benefit of treatment based on both
survival and other ordinal/continuous clinical outcomes, such as neurocognitive
scores or quality-of-life scores. In these studies, there are situations when
the clinical outcomes are truncated by death, where subjects die before their
clinical outcome is measured. Treating outcomes as "missing" or "censored" due
to death can be misleading for treatment effect evaluation. We show that if we
use the median in the survivors or in the always-survivors to summarize
clinical outcomes, we may conclude a trade-off exists between the probability
of survival and good clinical outcomes, even in settings where both the
probability of survival and the probability of any good clinical outcome are
better for one treatment. Therefore, we advocate not always treating death as a
mechanism through which clinical outcomes are missing, but rather as part of
the outcome measure. To account for the survival status, we describe the
survival-incorporated median as an alternative summary measure for outcomes in
the presence of death. The survival-incorporated median is the threshold such
that 50\% of the population is alive with an outcome above that threshold. We
use conceptual examples to show that the survival-incorporated median provides
a simple and useful summary measure to inform clinical practice.

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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph