Instruct: Identify the main category of Biorxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Crystal structures of the σ2 receptor template large-library docking for selective chemotypes active in vivo The {sigma}2 receptor is a poorly understood transmembrane receptor that has attracted intense interest in many areas of biology including cancer imaging, Alzheimers disease, schizophrenia, and neuropathic pain. However, little is known regarding the molecular details of the receptor, and few highly selective ligands are available. Here, we report the crystal structure of the {sigma}2 receptor in complex with the clinical drug candidate roluperidone and the probe compound PB28. These structures, in turn, templated a large-scale docking screen of 490 million make-on-demand molecules. Of these, 484 compounds were synthesized and tested, prioritizing not only high-ranking docked molecules, but also those with mediocre and poor scores. Overall, 127 compounds with binding affinities superior to 1 M were identified, all in new chemotypes, 31 of which had affinities superior to 50 nM. Intriguingly, hit rate fell smoothly and monotonically with docking score. Seeking to develop selective and biologically active probe molecules, we optimized three of the original docking hits for potency and for selectivity, achieving affinities in the 3 to 48 nM range and to up to 250-fold selectivity vs. the {sigma}1 receptor. Crystal structures of the newly discovered ligands bound to the {sigma}2 receptor were subsequently determined, confirming the docked poses. To investigate the contribution of the {sigma}2 receptor in pain processing, and to distinguish it from the contribution of the {sigma}1 receptor, two potent {sigma}2-selective and one potent {sigma}1/{sigma}2 non-selective ligand were tested for efficacy in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. All three ligands demonstrated timedependent decreases in mechanical hypersensitivity in the spared nerve injury model, supporting a role for the {sigma}2 receptor in nociception, and a possible role for {sigma}1/{sigma}2 polypharmacology. This study illustrates the opportunities for rapid discovery of in vivo active and selective probes to study under-explored areas of biology using structurebased screens of diverse, ultra-large libraries following the elucidation of protein structures.
7
The categories of this paper are: ecology
16
The categories of this paper are: microbiology
11
The categories of this paper are: cognition
12
The categories of this paper are: behavior
13
The categories of this paper are: animal
30
The categories of this paper are: scientific
18
The categories of this paper are: systems
0
The categories of this paper are: genetics
32
The categories of this paper are: zoology
17
The categories of this paper are: molecular
24
The categories of this paper are: cancer
26
The categories of this paper are: biochemistry
4
The categories of this paper are: neuroscience
3
The categories of this paper are: evolutionary
27
The categories of this paper are: pathology
25
The categories of this paper are: bioengineering