Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Energy efficiency of mmWave massive MIMO precoding with low-resolution
  DACs   With the congestion of the sub-6 GHz spectrum, the interest in massive
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems operating on millimeter wave
spectrum grows. In order to reduce the power consumption of such massive MIMO
systems, hybrid analog/digital transceivers and application of low-resolution
digital-to-analog/analog-to-digital converters have been recently proposed. In
this work, we investigate the energy efficiency of quantized hybrid
transmitters equipped with a fully/partially-connected phase-shifting network
composed of active/passive phase-shifters and compare it to that of quantized
digital precoders. We introduce a quantized single-user MIMO system model based
on an additive quantization noise approximation considering realistic power
consumption and loss models to evaluate the spectral and energy efficiencies of
the transmit precoding methods. Simulation results show that
partially-connected hybrid precoders can be more energy-efficient compared to
digital precoders, while fully-connected hybrid precoders exhibit poor energy
efficiency in general. Also, the topology of phase-shifting components offers
an energy-spectral efficiency trade-off: active phase-shifters provide higher
data rates, while passive phase-shifters maintain better energy efficiency.

17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom