Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Thermal Modulation of Gigahertz Surface Acoustic Waves on Lithium
  Niobate   Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices have wide range of applications in
microwave signal processing. Microwave SAW components benefit from higher
quality factors and much smaller crosstalk when compared to their
electromagnetic counterparts. Efficient routing and modulation of SAWs are
essential for building large-scale and versatile acoustic-wave circuits. Here,
we demonstrate integrated thermo-acoustic modulators using two SAW platforms:
bulk lithium niobate and thin-film lithium niobate on sapphire. In both
approaches, the gigahertz-frequency SAWs are routed by integrated acoustic
waveguides while on-chip microheaters are used to locally change the
temperature and thus control the phase of SAW. Using this approach, we achieved
phase changes of over 720 degrees with the responsibility of 2.6 deg/mW for
bulk lithium niobate and 0.52 deg/mW for lithium niobate on sapphire.
Furthermore, we demonstrated amplitude modulation of SAWs using acoustic Mach
Zehnder interferometers. Our thermo-acoustic modulators can enable
reconfigurable acoustic signal processing for next generation wireless
communications and microwave systems.

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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom