Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Using ECC DRAM to Adaptively Increase Memory Capacity   Modern DRAM modules are often equipped with hardware error correction
capabilities, especially for DRAM deployed in large-scale data centers, as
process technology scaling has increased the susceptibility of these devices to
errors. To provide fast error detection and correction, error-correcting codes
(ECC) are placed on an additional DRAM chip in a DRAM module. This additional
chip expands the raw capacity of a DRAM module by 12.5%, but the applications
are unable to use any of this extra capacity, as it is used exclusively to
provide reliability for all data. In reality, there are a number of
applications that do not need such strong reliability for all their data
regions (e.g., some user batch jobs executing on a public cloud), and can
instead benefit from using additional DRAM capacity to store extra data. Our
goal in this work is to provide the additional capacity within an ECC DRAM
module to applications when they do not need the high reliability of error
correction.
  In this paper, we propose Capacity- and Reliability-Adaptive Memory (CREAM),
a hardware mechanism that adapts error correcting DRAM modules to offer
multiple levels of error protection, and provides the capacity saved from using
weaker protection to applications. For regions of memory that do not require
strong error correction, we either provide no ECC protection or provide error
detection using multibit parity. We evaluate several layouts for arranging the
data within ECC DRAM in these reduced-protection modes, taking into account the
various trade-offs exposed from exploiting the extra chip. Our experiments show
that the increased capacity provided by CREAM improves performance by 23.0% for
a memory caching workload, and by 37.3% for a commercial web search workload
executing production query traces. In addition, CREAM can increase bank-level
parallelism within DRAM, offering further performance improvements.

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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con