Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: X-ray binaries and ultra-luminous X-ray sources in nearby and distant
  galaxies   We review recent results on populations of compact X-ray sources in normal
galaxies. The luminosity distributions of low and high mass X-ray binaries in
nearby galaxies appear to be described by the respective ``universal''
luminosity functions, whose shapes do not vary significantly from galaxy to
galaxy and the normalizations are proportional to the SFR (HMXBs) and stellar
mass (LMXBs) of the host galaxy. There is a significant qualitative difference
between XLFs of high and low mass X-ray binaries, reflecting the difference in
the accretion regimes in these two types of X-ray binaries.
  The high luminosity cut-off is by an order of magnitude larger for HMXBs --
although bright sources, log(Lx)>39, are observed in both young and old
galaxies, the truly ultraluminous ones, with log(Lx)~40-40.5, are associated
with the regions of intense star formation and have not been detected so far in
old stellar populations of elliptical and S0 galaxies. The Lx-SFR relation for
distant galaxies in the HDF-N indicates that ULXs at redshifts of z~0.2-1.3
were not significantly more luminous than those observed in nearby galaxies.

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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
2
The categories of this paper are: math
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: eess
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph