Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Missing water in Class I protostellar disks   Water is a key volatile that provides insights into the initial stages of
planet formation. The low water abundances inferred from water observations
toward low-mass protostellar objects may point to a rapid locking of water as
ice by large dust grains during star and planet formation. However, little is
known about the water vapor abundance in newly formed planet-forming disks. We
aim to determine the water abundance in embedded Keplerian disks through
spatially-resolved observations of H$_2^{18}$O lines to understand the
evolution of water during star and planet formation. We present H$_2^{18}$O
line observations with ALMA and NOEMA millimeter interferometers toward five
young stellar objects. NOEMA observed the 3$_{1,3}$ - $2_{2,0}$ line (E$_{\rm
up}$ = 203.7 K) while ALMA targeted the $4_{1,4}$ - $3_{2,1}$ line (E$_{\rm
up}$ = 322.0 K). Water column densities are derived considering optically thin
and thermalized emission. Our observations are sensitive to the emission from
the known Keplerian disks around three out of the five Class I objects in the
sample. No H$_2^{18}$O emission is detected toward any of our five Class I
disks. We report upper limits to the integrated line intensities. The inferred
water column densities in Class I disks are N < 10$^{15}$ cm$^{-2}$ on 100 au
scales which include both disk and envelope. The upper limits imply a
disk-averaged water abundance of $\lesssim 10^{-6}$ with respect to H$_2$ for
Class I objects. After taking into account the physical structure of the disk,
the upper limit to the water abundance averaged over the inner warm disk with
$T>$ 100 K is between 10$^{-7}$ up to 10$^{-5}$. Water vapor is not abundant in
warm protostellar envelopes around Class I protostars. Upper limits to the
water vapor column densities in Class I disks are at least two orders magnitude
lower than values found in Class 0 disk-like structures.

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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
2
The categories of this paper are: math
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat