Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The TRENDS High-Contrast Imaging Survey. IV. The Occurrence Rate of
  Giant Planets around M-Dwarfs   Doppler-based planet surveys have discovered numerous giant planets but are
incomplete beyond several AU. At larger star-planet separations, direct planet
detection through high-contrast imaging has proven successful, but this
technique is sensitive only to young planets and characterization relies upon
theoretical evolution models. Here we demonstrate that radial velocity
measurements and high-contrast imaging can be combined to overcome these
issues. The presence of widely separated companions can be deduced by
identifying an acceleration (long-term trend) in the radial velocity of a star.
By obtaining high spatial resolution follow-up imaging observations, we rule
out scenarios in which such accelerations are caused by stellar binary
companions with high statistical confidence. We report results from an analysis
of Doppler measurements of a sample of 111 M-dwarf stars with a median of 29
radial velocity observations over a median time baseline of 11.8 yr. By
targeting stars that exhibit a radial velocity acceleration ("trend") with
adaptive optics imaging, we determine that 6.5% +/- 3.0% of M-dwarf stars host
one or more massive companions with 1 < m/M_Jupiter < 13 and 0 < a < 20 AU.
These results are lower than analyses of the planet occurrence rate around
higher-mass stars. We find the giant planet occurrence rate is described by a
double power law in stellar mass M and metallicity F = [Fe/H] such that f(M,F)
= 0.039(+0.056,-0.028) M^(0.8(+1.1,-0.9)) 10^((3.8 +/- 1.2)F). Our results are
consistent with gravitational microlensing measurements of the planet
occurrence rate; this study represents the first model-independent comparison
with microlensing observations.

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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th