Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: GeV Observations of Star-forming Galaxies with \textit{Fermi} LAT   Recent detections of the starburst galaxies M82 and NGC 253 by gamma-ray
telescopes suggest that galaxies rapidly forming massive stars are more
luminous at gamma-ray energies compared to their quiescent relatives. Building
upon those results, we examine a sample of 69 dwarf, spiral, and luminous and
ultraluminous infrared galaxies at photon energies 0.1-100 GeV using 3 years of
data collected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the \textit{Fermi Gamma-ray
Space Telescope} (\textit{Fermi}). Measured fluxes from significantly detected
sources and flux upper limits for the remaining galaxies are used to explore
the physics of cosmic rays in galaxies. We find further evidence for
quasi-linear scaling relations between gamma-ray luminosity and both radio
continuum luminosity and total infrared luminosity which apply both to
quiescent galaxies of the Local Group and low-redshift starburst galaxies
(conservative $P$-values $\lesssim0.05$ accounting for statistical and
systematic uncertainties). The normalizations of these scaling relations
correspond to luminosity ratios of $\log(L_{0.1-100 \rm{GeV}}/L_{1.4 \rm{GHz}})
= 1.7 \pm 0.1_{\rm (statistical)} \pm 0.2_{\rm (dispersion)}$ and
$\log(L_{0.1-100 \rm{GeV}}/L_{8-1000 \mu\rm{m}}) = -4.3 \pm 0.1_{\rm
(statistical)} \pm 0.2_{\rm (dispersion)}$ for a galaxy with a star formation
rate of 1 $M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$, assuming a Chabrier initial mass function.
Using the relationship between infrared luminosity and gamma-ray luminosity,
the collective intensity of unresolved star-forming galaxies at redshifts
$0<z<2.5$ above 0.1 GeV is estimated to be 0.4-2.4 $\times 10^{-6}$ ph
cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ sr$^{-1}$ (4-23% of the intensity of the isotropic diffuse
component measured with the LAT). We anticipate that $\sim10$ galaxies could be
detected by their cosmic-ray induced gamma-ray emission during a 10-year
\textit{Fermi} mission.

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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga