Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Entropy of Co-Enrolment Networks Reveal Disparities in High School STEM
  Participation   The current study uses a network analysis approach to explore the STEM
pathways that students take through their final year of high school in Aotearoa
New Zealand. By accessing individual-level microdata from New Zealand's
Integrated Data Infrastructure, we are able to create a co-enrolment network
comprised of all STEM assessment standards taken by students in New Zealand
between 2010 and 2016. We explore the structure of this co-enrolment network
though use of community detection and a novel measure of entropy. We then
investigate how network structure differs across sub-populations based on
students' sex, ethnicity, and the socio-economic-status (SES) of the high
school they attended. Results show the structure of the STEM co-enrolment
network differs across these sub-populations, and also changes over time. We
find that, while female students were more likely to have been enrolled in life
science standards, they were less well represented in physics, calculus, and
vocational (e.g., agriculture, practical technology) standards. Our results
also show that the enrolment patterns of the Maori and Pacific Islands
sub-populations had higher levels of entropy, an observation that may be
explained by fewer enrolments in key science and mathematics standards. Through
further investigation of this disparity, we find that ethnic group differences
in entropy are moderated by high school SES, such that the difference in
entropy between Maori and Pacific Islands students, and European and Asian
students is even greater. We discuss these findings in the context of the New
Zealand education system and policy changes that occurred between 2010 and
2016.

23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
2
The categories of this paper are: math