Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Emojis as Anchors to Detect Arabic Offensive Language and Hate Speech   We introduce a generic, language-independent method to collect a large
percentage of offensive and hate tweets regardless of their topics or genres.
We harness the extralinguistic information embedded in the emojis to collect a
large number of offensive tweets. We apply the proposed method on Arabic tweets
and compare it with English tweets -- analyzing some cultural differences. We
observed a constant usage of these emojis to represent offensiveness in
throughout different timelines in Twitter. We manually annotate and publicly
release the largest Arabic dataset for offensive, fine-grained hate speech,
vulgar and violence content. Furthermore, we benchmark the dataset for
detecting offense and hate speech using different transformer architectures and
performed in-depth linguistic analysis. We evaluate our models on external
datasets -- a Twitter dataset collected using a completely different method,
and a multi-platform dataset containing comments from Twitter, YouTube and
Facebook, for assessing generalization capability. Competitive results on these
datasets suggest that the data collected using our method captures universal
characteristics of offensive language. Our findings also highlight the common
words used in offensive communications; common targets for hate speech;
specific patterns in violence tweets and pinpoints common classification errors
due to the need to understand the context, consider culture and background and
the presence of sarcasm among others.

20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph