Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Measuring the polarization of electromagnetic fields using Rabi-rate
  measurements with spatial resolution: experiment and theory   When internal states of atoms are manipulated using coherent optical or
radio-frequency (RF) radiation, it is essential to know the polarization of the
radiation with respect to the quantization axis of the atom. We first present a
measurement of the two-dimensional spatial distribution of the electric-field
amplitude of a linearly-polarized pulsed RF electric field at $\sim 25.6\,$GHz
and its angle with respect to a static electric field. The measurements exploit
coherent population transfer between the $35$s and $35$p Rydberg states of
helium atoms in a pulsed supersonic beam. Based on this experimental result, we
develop a general framework in the form of a set of equations relating the five
independent polarization parameters of a coherently oscillating field in a
fixed laboratory frame to Rabi rates of transitions between a ground and three
excited states of an atom with arbitrary quantization axis. We then explain how
these equations can be used to fully characterize the polarization in a minimum
of five Rabi rate measurements by rotation of an external bias-field, or,
knowing the polarization of the driving field, to determine the orientation of
the static field using two measurements. The presented technique is not limited
to Rydberg atoms and RF fields but can also be applied to characterize optical
fields. The technique has potential for sensing the spatiotemporal properties
of electromagnetic fields, e.g., in metrology devices or in hybrid experiments
involving atoms close to surfaces.

33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
2
The categories of this paper are: math
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
16
The categories of this paper are: stat