Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Base Station ON-OFF Switching in 5G Wireless Networks: Approaches and
  Challenges   To achieve the expected 1000x data rates under the exponential growth of
traffic demand, a large number of base stations (BS) or access points (AP) will
be deployed in the fifth generation (5G) wireless systems, to support high data
rate services and to provide seamless coverage. Although such BSs are expected
to be small-scale with lower power, the aggregated energy consumption of all
BSs would be remarkable, resulting in increased environmental and economic
concerns. In existing cellular networks, turning off the under-utilized BSs is
an efficient approach to conserve energy while preserving the quality of
service (QoS) of mobile users. However, in 5G systems with new physical layer
techniques and the highly heterogeneous network architecture, new challenges
arise in the design of BS ON-OFF switching strategies. In this article, we
begin with a discussion on the inherent technical challenges of BS ON-OFF
switching. We then provide a comprehensive review of recent advances on
switching mechanisms in different application scenarios. Finally, we present
open research problems and conclude the paper.

27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga