Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Assessing the Privacy Benefits of Domain Name Encryption   As Internet users have become more savvy about the potential for their
Internet communication to be observed, the use of network traffic encryption
technologies (e.g., HTTPS/TLS) is on the rise. However, even when encryption is
enabled, users leak information about the domains they visit via DNS queries
and via the Server Name Indication (SNI) extension of TLS. Two recent proposals
to ameliorate this issue are DNS over HTTPS/TLS (DoH/DoT) and Encrypted SNI
(ESNI). In this paper we aim to assess the privacy benefits of these proposals
by considering the relationship between hostnames and IP addresses, the latter
of which are still exposed. We perform DNS queries from nine vantage points
around the globe to characterize this relationship. We quantify the privacy
gain offered by ESNI for different hosting and CDN providers using two
different metrics, the k-anonymity degree due to co-hosting and the dynamics of
IP address changes. We find that 20% of the domains studied will not gain any
privacy benefit since they have a one-to-one mapping between their hostname and
IP address. On the other hand, 30% will gain a significant privacy benefit with
a k value greater than 100, since these domains are co-hosted with more than
100 other domains. Domains whose visitors' privacy will meaningfully improve
are far less popular, while for popular domains the benefit is not significant.
Analyzing the dynamics of IP addresses of long-lived domains, we find that only
7.7% of them change their hosting IP addresses on a daily basis. We conclude by
discussing potential approaches for website owners and hosting/CDN providers
for maximizing the privacy benefits of ESNI.

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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: stat
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph