Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Dynamical Coulomb blockade of tunnel junctions driven by alternating
  voltages   The theory of dynamical Coulomb blockade is extended to tunneling elements
driven by a time-dependent voltage. It is shown that for standard set-ups where
an external voltage is applied to a tunnel junction via an impedance,
time-dependent driving entails an excitation of the modes of the
electromagnetic environment by the applied voltage. Previous approaches for ac
driven circuits need to be extended to account for the driven bath modes. A
unitary transformation involving also the variables of the electromagnetic
environment is introduced which allows to split-off the time-dependence from
the Hamiltonian in the absence of tunneling. This greatly simplifies
perturbation-theoretical calculations based on treating the tunneling
Hamiltonian as a perturbation. In particular, the average current flowing in
the leads of the tunnel junction is studied. Explicit results are given for the
case of an applied voltage with a constant dc part and a sinusoidal ac part.
The connection with standard dynamical Coulomb blockade theory for constant
applied voltage is established. It is shown that an alternating voltage source
reveals significant additional effects caused by the electromagnetic
environment. The hallmark of dynamical Coulomb blockade in ac driven devices is
a suppression of higher harmonics of the current by the electromagnetic
environment. The theory presented basically applies to all tunneling devices
driven by alternating voltages.

12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat