Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: TACAN: Transmitter Authentication through Covert Channels in Controller
  Area Networks   Nowadays, the interconnection of automotive systems with modern digital
devices offers advanced user experiences to drivers. Electronic Control Units
(ECUs) carry out a multitude of operations using the insecure Controller Area
Network (CAN) bus in automotive Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). Therefore,
dangerous attacks, such as disabling brakes, are possible and the safety of
passengers is at risk. In this paper, we present TACAN (Transmitter
Authentication in CAN), which provides secure authentication of ECUs by
exploiting the covert channels without introducing CAN protocol modifications
or traffic overheads (i.e., no extra bits or messages are used). TACAN turns
upside-down the originally malicious concept of covert channels and exploits it
to build an effective defensive technique that facilitates transmitter
authentication via a trusted Monitor Node. TACAN consists of three different
covert channels for ECU authentication: 1) Inter-Arrival Time (IAT)-based,
leveraging the IATs of CAN messages; 2) offset-based, exploiting the clock
offsets of CAN messages; 3) Least Significant Bit (LSB)-based, concealing
authentication messages into the LSBs of normal CAN data. We implement the
covert channels on the University of Washington (UW) EcoCAR testbed and
evaluate their performance through extensive experiments. We demonstrate the
feasibility of TACAN, highlighting no traffic overheads and attesting the
regular functionality of ECUs. In particular, the bit error ratios are within
0.1% and 0.42% for the IAT-based and offset-based covert channels,
respectively. Furthermore, the bit error ratio of the LSB-based covert channel
is equal to that of a normal CAN bus, which is 3.1x10^-7%.

29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat