Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: ICSREF: A Framework for Automated Reverse Engineering of Industrial
  Control Systems Binaries   The security of Industrial Control Systems (ICS) has been attracting
increased attention over the past years, following the discovery of real
threats targeting industrial environments. Despite this attention, automation
of the reverse engineering process of ICS binaries for programmable logic
controllers remains an open problem, mainly due to the use of proprietary
compilers by ICS vendors. Such automation could be a double-edged sword; on the
one hand it could accelerate digital forensic investigations and incident
response actions, while on the other hand it could enable dynamic generation of
malicious ICS payloads. In this work, we propose a structured methodology that
automates the reverse engineering process for ICS binaries taking into account
their unique domain-specific characteristics. We apply this methodology to
develop the modular Industrial Control Systems Reverse Engineering Framework
(ICSREF), and instantiate ICSREF modules for reversing binaries compiled with
CODESYS, a widely used software stack and compiler for PLCs. To evaluate our
framework we create a database of samples by collecting real PLC binaries from
public code repositories, as well as developing binaries in-house. Our results
demonstrate that ICSREF can successfully handle diverse PLC binaries from
varied industry sectors, irrespective of the programming language used.
Furthermore, we deploy ICSREF on a commercial smartphone which orchestrates and
launches a completely automated process-aware attack against a chemical process
testbed. This example of dynamic payload generation showcases how ICSREF can
enable sophisticated attacks without any prior knowledge.

35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
16
The categories of this paper are: stat