Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Search for light curve modulations among Kepler candidates. Three very
  low-mass transiting companions   Light curve modulations in the sample of Kepler planet candidates allows the
disentangling of the nature of the transiting object by photometrically
measuring its mass. This is possible by detecting the effects of the
gravitational pull of the companion (ellipsoidal modulations) and in some
cases, the photometric imprints of the Doppler effect when observing in a broad
band (Doppler beaming). We aim to photometrically unveil the nature of some
transiting objects showing clear modulations in the phase-folded Kepler light
curve. We selected a subsample among the large crop of Kepler objects of
interest (KOIs) based on their chances to show detectable light curve
modulations, i.e., close ($a<12~R_{\star}$) and large (in terms of radius)
candidates. We modeled their phase-folded light curves with consistent
equations for the three effects, namely, reflection, ellipsoidal and beaming
(known as REB modulations). We provide detailed general equations for the fit
of the REB modulations for the case of eccentric orbits. These equations are
accurate to the photometric precisions achievable by current and forthcoming
instruments and space missions. By using this mathematical apparatus, we find
three close-in {very low-mass companions (two of them in the brown dwarf mass
domain)} orbiting main-sequence stars (KOI-554, KOI-1074, and KOI-3728), and
reject the planetary nature of the transiting objects (thus classifying them as
false positives). In contrast, the detection of the REB modulations and
transit/eclipse signal allows the measurement of their mass and radius that can
provide important constraints for modeling their interiors since just a few
cases of low-mass eclipsing binaries are known. Additionally, these new systems
can help to constrain the similarities in the formation process of the more
massive and close-in planets (hot Jupiters), brown dwarfs, and very low-mass
companions.

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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th