Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Escape and accretion by cratering impacts: Formulation of scaling
  relations for high-speed ejecta   Numerous small bodies inevitably lead to cratering impacts on large planetary
bodies during planet formation and evolution. As a consequence of these small
impacts, a fraction of the target material escapes from the gravity of the
large body, and a fraction of the impactor material accretes onto the target
surface, depending on the impact velocities and angles. Here, we study the mass
of the high-speed ejecta that escapes from the target gravity by cratering
impacts when material strength is neglected. We perform a large number of
cratering impact simulations onto a planar rocky target using the smoothed
particle hydrodynamics method. We show that the escape mass of the target
material obtained from our numerical simulations agrees with the prediction of
a scaling law under a point-source assumption when $v_{\rm imp} \gtrsim 12
v_{\rm esc}$, where $v_{\rm imp}$ is the impact velocity and $v_{\rm esc}$ is
the escape velocity of the target. However, we find that the point-source
scaling law overestimates the escape mass up to a factor of $\sim 70$,
depending on the impact angle, when $v_{\rm imp} \lesssim 12 v_{\rm esc}$.
Using data obtained from numerical simulations, we derive a new scaling law for
the escape mass of the target material for $v_{\rm imp} \lesssim 12 v_{\rm
esc}$. We also derive a scaling law that predicts the accretion mass of the
impactor material onto the target surface upon cratering impacts by numerically
evaluating the escape mass of the impactor material. Our newly derived scaling
laws are useful for predicting the escape mass of the target material and the
accretion mass of the impactor material for a variety of cratering impacts that
would occur on large planetary bodies during planet formation.

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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: econ
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: eess
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph