Instruct: Identify the main category of Biorxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Arsenal of Nanobodies for Broad-Spectrum Countermeasures against Current and Future SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concerns Nanobodies offer several potential advantages over mAbs for the control of SARS-CoV-2. Their ability to access cryptic epitopes conserved across SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) and feasibility to engineer modular, multimeric designs, make these antibody fragments ideal candidates for developing broad-spectrum therapeutics against current and continually emerging SARS-CoV-2 VoCs. Here we describe a diverse collection of 37 anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein nanobodies extensively characterized as both monovalent and IgG Fc-fused bivalent modalities. The panel of nanobodies were shown to have high intrinsic affinity; high thermal, thermodynamic and aerosolization stability; broad subunit/domain specificity and cross-reactivity across many VoCs; wide-ranging epitopic and mechanistic diversity; high and broad in vitro neutralization potencies; and high neutralization efficacies in hamster models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, reducing viral burden by up to six orders of magnitude to below detectable levels. In vivo protection was demonstrated with anti-RBD and previously unreported anti-NTD and anti-S2 nanobodies. This collection of nanobodies provides a therapeutic toolbox from which various cocktails or multi-paratopic formats could be built to tackle current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-related viruses. Furthermore, the high aerosol-ability of nanobodies provides the option for effective needle-free delivery through inhalation.
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The categories of this paper are: pharmacology
8
The categories of this paper are: genomics
29
The categories of this paper are: education
5
The categories of this paper are: cell
11
The categories of this paper are: cognition
28
The categories of this paper are: communication
7
The categories of this paper are: ecology
17
The categories of this paper are: molecular
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The categories of this paper are: systems
31
The categories of this paper are: paleontology
9
The categories of this paper are: synthetic
4
The categories of this paper are: neuroscience
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The categories of this paper are: developmental
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The categories of this paper are: behavior
32
The categories of this paper are: zoology
2
The categories of this paper are: biology