Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Computational Design of Active 3D-Printed Multi-State Structures for
  Shape Morphing   Active structures have the ability to change their shape, properties, and
functionality as a response to changing operational conditions, which makes
them more versatile than their static counterparts. However, most active
structures currently lack the capability to achieve multiple, different target
states with a single input actuation or require a tedious material programming
step. Furthermore, the systematic design and fabrication of active structures
is still a challenge as many structures are designed by hand in a trial and
error process and thus are limited by engineers' knowledge and experience. In
this work, a computational design and fabrication framework is proposed to
generate structures with multiple target states for one input actuation that
don't require a separate training step. A material dithering scheme based on
multi-material 3D printing is combined with locally applied copper coil heating
elements and sequential heating patterns to control the thermo-mechanical
properties of the structures and switch between the different deformation
modes. A novel topology optimization approach based on power diagrams is used
to encode the different target states in the structure while ensuring the
fabricability of the structures and the compatibility with the drop-in heating
elements. The versatility of the proposed framework is demonstrated for four
different example structures from engineering and computer graphics. The
numerical and experimental results show that the optimization framework can
produce structures that show the desired motion, but experimental accuracy is
limited by current fabrication methods. The generality of the proposed method
makes it suitable for the development of structures for applications in many
different fields from aerospace to robotics to animated fabrication in computer
graphics.

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The categories of this paper are: econ
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: math
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th