Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Changes in Crime Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic   We estimate changes in the rates of five FBI Part 1 crime (homicide, auto
theft, burglary, robbery, and larceny) during the COVID-19 pandemic from March
through December 2020. Using publicly available weekly crime count data from 29
of the 70 largest cities in the U.S. from January 2018 through December 2020,
three different linear regression model specifications are used to detect
changes. One detects whether crime trends in four 2020 pre- and post-pandemic
periods differ from those in 2018 and 2019. A second looks in more detail at
the spring 2020 lockdowns to detect whether crime trends changed over
successive biweekly periods into the lockdown. The third uses a city-level
openness index that we created for the purpose of examining whether the degree
of openness was associated with changing crime rates. For homicide and auto
theft, we find significant increases during all or most of the pandemic. By
contrast, we find significant declines in robbery and larceny during all or
part of the pandemic and no significant changes in burglary over the course of
the pandemic. Only larceny rates fluctuated with the degree of each city's
lockdown.
  It is unusual for crime rates to move in different directions, and the
reasons for the mixed findings for these five Part 1 Index crimes, one with no
change, two with sustained increases, and two with sustained decreases, are not
yet known. We hypothesize that the reasons may be related to changes in
opportunity, and the pandemic provides unique opportunities for future research
to better understand the forces impacting crime rates. In the absence of a
clear understanding of the mechanisms by which the pandemic affected crime, in
the spirit of evidence-based crime policy, we caution against advancing policy
at this time based on lessons learned from the pandemic "natural experiment."

22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph