Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Efficiency of Nonthermal Particle Acceleration in Magnetic Reconnection   The nonthermal particle acceleration during magnetic reconnection remains a
fundamental topic in several astrophysical phenomena, such as solar flares,
pulsar wind, magnetars, etc, for more than half a century, and one of the
unresolved questions is its efficiency. Recently, nonthermal particle
acceleration mechanisms during reconnection have been extensively studied by
particle-in-cell simulations, yet it is an intriguing enigma as to how the
magnetic field energy is divided into thermally heated plasmas and nonthermal
particles. Here we study both non-relativistic and relativistic magnetic
reconnections using large-scale particle-in-cell simulation for a pair plasma,
and indicate that the production of the nonthermal particle becomes efficient
with increasing the plasma temperature. In the relativistic hot plasma case, we
determine that the heated plasmas by reconnection can be approximated by a
kappa distribution function with the kappa index of approximately 3 or less
(equivalent to 2 or less for the power-law index), and the nonthermal energy
density of reconnection is approximately over 95% of the total internal energy
in the downstream exhaust.

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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org