Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Experimental observation of thermalisation with noncommuting charges   Quantum simulators have recently enabled experimental observations of quantum
many-body systems' internal thermalisation. Often, the global energy and
particle number are conserved, and the system is prepared with a well-defined
particle number - in a microcanonical subspace. However, quantum evolution can
also conserve quantities, or charges, that fail to commute with each other.
Noncommuting charges have recently emerged as a subfield at the intersection of
quantum thermodynamics and quantum information. Until now, this subfield has
remained theoretical. We initiate the experimental testing of its predictions,
with a trapped-ion simulator. We prepare 6-15 spins in an approximate
microcanonical subspace, a generalisation of the microcanonical subspace for
accommodating noncommuting charges, which cannot necessarily have well-defined
nontrivial values simultaneously. We simulate a Heisenberg evolution using
laser-induced entangling interactions and collective spin rotations. The
noncommuting charges are the three spin components. We find that small
subsystems equilibrate to near a recently predicted non-Abelian thermal state.
This work bridges quantum many-body simulators to the quantum thermodynamics of
noncommuting charges, whose predictions can now be tested.

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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: stat