Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Manipulate the coiling and uncoiling movements of Lepidoptera proboscis
  by its conformation optimizing   Many kinds of adult Lepidoptera insects possess a long proboscis which is
used to suck liquids and has the coiling and uncoiling movements. Although
experiments revealed qualitatively that the coiling movement is governed by the
hydraulic mechanism and the uncoiling movement is due to the musculature and
the elasticity, it needs a quantitative investigation to reveal how insects
achieve these behaviors accurately. Here a quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D)
curvature elastica model is proposed to reveal the mechanism of these
behaviors. We find that the functions of internal stipes muscle and basal
galeal muscle which locate at the bottom of proboscis are to adjust the initial
states in the coiling and uncoiling processes, respectively. The function of
internal galeal muscle which exists along proboscis is to adjust the line
tension. The knee bend shape is due to the local maximal spontaneous curvature
and is an advantage for nectar-feeding butterfly. When there is no knee bend,
the proboscis of fruit-piercing butterfly is easy to achieve the piercing
movement which induced by the increase of internal hydraulic pressure. All of
the results are in good agreement with experiential observation. Our study
provides a revelatory method to investigate the mechanical behaviors of other
1D biologic structures, such as proboscis of marine snail and elephant. Our
method and results are also significant in designing the bionic devices.

17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
2
The categories of this paper are: math
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph