Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Free-spin dominated magnetocaloric effect in dense Gd$^{3+}$ double
  perovskites   Frustrated lanthanide oxides with dense magnetic lattices are of fundamental
interest for their potential in cryogenic refrigeration due to a large ground
state entropy and suppressed ordering temperatures, but can often be limited by
short-range correlations. Here, we present examples of frustrated fcc oxides,
Ba$_2$GdSbO$_6$ and Sr$_2$GdSbO$_6$ and the new site-disordered analog
Ca$_2$GdSbO$_6$ ([CaGd]$_A$[CaSb]$_B$O$_6$), in which the magnetocaloric effect
is influenced by minimal superexchange ($J_1 \sim 10$ mK). We report on the
crystal structures using powder x-ray diffraction and the bulk magnetic
properties through low-field susceptibility and isothermal magnetization
measurements. The Gd compounds exhibit a magnetic entropy change of up to -15.8
J/K/mol$_\textrm{Gd}$ in a field of 7 T at 2 K, a 20 % excess compared to the
value of -13.0 J/K/mol$_\textrm{Gd}$ for a standard in magnetic refrigeration,
Gd$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$. Heat capacity measurements indicate a lack of magnetic
ordering down to 0.4 K for Ba$_2$GdSbO$_6$ and Sr$_2$GdSbO$_6$, suggesting
cooling down through the liquid 4-He regime. A mean-field model is used to
elucidate the role of primarily free spin behavior in the magnetocaloric
performance of these compounds in comparison to other top-performing Gd-based
oxides. The chemical flexibility of the double perovskites raises the
possibility of further enhancement of the magnetocaloric effect in the
Gd$^{3+}$ fcc lattices.

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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an