Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Low-mass normal-matter atmospheres of strange stars and their radiation   The quark surface of a strange star has a very low emissivity for X-ray
photons. I find that a small amount of normal matter at the quark surface with
temperature in the range $10^7\la T_{_S}} \ll mc^2/k\simeq 6\times 10^9$ K is
enough to produce X-rays with high luminosity, $L_X\simeq 10^{32}-
10^{34}(\Delta M/10^{-22}M_\odot)^2 erg s^{-1}$. For the total atmosphere mass
$\Delta M\sim (10^{-20}-10^{-19})M_\odot$, this luminosity may be as high as
the Eddington limit. The mean energy of X-ray photons which are radiated from
such a low-mass atmosphere of a strange star is $\sim 10^2(T_S/10^8 K)^{0.45}
\simeq 30-300$ times larger than the mean energy of X-ray photons which are
radiated from the surface of both a neutron star and a strange star with a
massive normal-matter envelope, $\Delta M\sim 10^{-5}M_\odot$, for a fixed
temperature at the stellar core. This raises the possibility that some black
hole candidates with hard X-ray spectra are, in fact, such strange stars with a
low-mass atmosphere. The X-ray emission from single strange stars is estimated.

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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom