Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Pedestrian dynamics in single-file movement of crowd with different age
  compositions   An aging population is bringing new challenges to the management of escape
routes and facility design in many countries. This paper investigates
pedestrian movement properties of crowd with different age compositions. Three
pedestrian groups are considered: young student group, old people group and
mixed group. It is found that traffic jams occur more frequently in mixed group
due to the great differences of mobilities and self-adaptive abilities among
pedestrians. The jams propagate backward with a velocity 0.4 m/s for global
density around 1.75 m-1 and 0.3 m/s for higher than 2.3 m-1. The fundamental
diagrams of the three groups are obviously different from each other and cannot
be unified into one diagram by direct non-dimensionalization. Unlike previous
studies, three linear regimes in mixed group but only two regimes in young
student group are observed in the headway-velocity relation, which is also
verified in the fundamental diagram. Different ages and mobilities of
pedestrians in a crowd cause the heterogeneity of system and influence the
properties of pedestrian dynamics significantly. It indicates that the density
is not the only factor leading to jams in pedestrian traffic. The composition
of crowd has to be considered in understanding pedestrian dynamics and facility
design.

8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph