Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Revealing the three-component structure of water with principal
  component analysis (PCA) on X-ray spectrum   Combining the principal component analysis (PCA) of X-ray spectrum with MD
simulations, we experimentally reveal the existence of three basic components
in water. These components exhibit distinct structures, densities, and
temperature dependencies. Among the three, two major components correspond to
the low-density liquid (LDL) and the high-density liquid (HDL) predicted by the
two-component model, and the third component exhibits a unique 5-hydrogen-bond
configuration with an ultra-high local density. As the temperature increases,
the LDL component decreases and the HDL component increases, while the third
component varies non-monotonically with a peak around 20 $^{\circ}$C to 30
$^{\circ}$C. The 3D structure of the third component is further illustrated as
the uniform distribution of five hydrogen-bonded neighbors on a spherical
surface. Our study reveals experimental evidence for water's unique
three-component structure, which provides a fundamental basis for understanding
water's special properties and anomalies.

11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
2
The categories of this paper are: math
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph