Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Collective Behaviour of Cr$^{3+}$ ions in Ruby Revealed by Whispering
  Gallery Modes   We present evidence for collective action of Cr$^{3+}$ ion impurities in a
highly doped ruby crystal at microwave frequencies. The cylindrical geometry of
the crystal allows for the creation of a superradiant, or "spin-mode" doublet,
with spatial structure similar to that of microwave whispering gallery modes
(WGMs). This results in a strict criteria of selection rules regarding the
interaction of resonant WGMs and spin-modes; namely that only modes with the
same wavenumber and azimuthal phase may interact. What results is an avoided
level crossing between the two, in which both WGM doublet constituents are seen
to interact with the spin resonance. We demonstrate that a four harmonic
oscillator model is necessary to accurately describe this result.

21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin