Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Conditional As-If Analyses in Randomized Experiments   The injunction to `analyze the way you randomize' is well-known to
statisticians since Fisher advocated for randomization as the basis of
inference. Yet even those convinced by the merits of randomization-based
inference seldom follow this injunction to the letter. Bernoulli randomized
experiments are often analyzed as completely randomized experiments, and
completely randomized experiments are analyzed as if they had been stratified;
more generally, it is not uncommon to analyze an experiment as if it had been
randomized differently. This paper examines the theoretical foundation behind
this practice within a randomization-based framework. Specifically, we ask when
is it legitimate to analyze an experiment randomized according to one design as
if it had been randomized according to some other design. We show that a
sufficient condition for this type of analysis to be valid is that the design
used for analysis be derived from the original design by an appropriate form of
conditioning. We use our theory to justify certain existing methods, question
others, and finally suggest new methodological insights such as conditioning on
approximate covariate balance.

17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
2
The categories of this paper are: math