Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Quantifying Spatial Homogeneity of Urban Road Networks via Graph Neural
  Networks   Quantifying the topological similarities of different parts of urban road
networks (URNs) enables us to understand the urban growth patterns. While
conventional statistics provide useful information about characteristics of
either a single node's direct neighbors or the entire network, such metrics
fail to measure the similarities of subnetworks considering local indirect
neighborhood relationships. In this study, we propose a graph-based
machine-learning method to quantify the spatial homogeneity of subnetworks. We
apply the method to 11,790 urban road networks across 30 cities worldwide to
measure the spatial homogeneity of road networks within each city and across
different cities. We find that intra-city spatial homogeneity is highly
associated with socioeconomic statuses such as GDP and population growth.
Moreover, inter-city spatial homogeneity obtained by transferring the model
across different cities, reveals the inter-city similarity of urban network
structures originating in Europe, passed on to cities in the US and Asia.
Socioeconomic development and inter-city similarity revealed using our method
can be leveraged to understand and transfer insights across cities. It also
enables us to address urban policy challenges including network planning in
rapidly urbanizing areas and combating regional inequality.

2
The categories of this paper are: math
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph