Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Puzzles in modern biology. III. Two kinds of causality in age-related
  disease   The two primary causal dimensions of age-related disease are rate and
function. Change in rate of disease development shifts the age of onset. Change
in physiological function provides necessary steps in disease progression. A
causal factor may alter the rate of physiological change, but that causal
factor itself may have no direct physiological role. Alternatively, a causal
factor may provide a necessary physiological function, but that causal factor
itself may not alter the rate of disease onset. The rate-function duality
provides the basis for solving puzzles of age-related disease. Causal factors
of cancer illustrate the duality between rate processes of discovery, such as
somatic mutation, and necessary physiological functions, such as invasive
penetration across tissue barriers. Examples from cancer suggest general
principles of age-related disease.

8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn