what are the major parts of a virus and what are their functions?
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The simplest virions consist of two basic components: nucleic acid (single- or double-stranded RNA or DNA) and a protein coat, the capsid, which functions as a shell to protect the viral genome from nucleases and which during infection attaches the virion to specific receptors exposed on the prospective host cell.
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Proteins and lipids are the major components of the cell membrane.
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['Nucleic acid -contains 3-400 genes. ... ', 'Capsid -The capsid accounts for most of the virion mass. ... ', 'Envelope -this is an amorphous structure composed of lipid, protein and carbohydrate which lies to the outside of the capsid. ... ', 'Spikes. ... ', 'Icosahedral -The protomeres aggregate in groups of five or six to form the capsomere.']
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The cell structure comprises individual components with specific functions essential to carry out life's processes. These components include- cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell organelles. Read on to explore more insights on cell structure and function.
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Nucleic acid is an important class of macromolecules found in all cells and viruses. The functions of nucleic acids have to do with the storage and expression of genetic information. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) encodes the information the cell needs to make proteins.
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['Eukaryotic Cells. Very complex.', 'Organelles. Little organs.', 'Two major parts of a eukaryotic cell. (1) Nucleus. ... ', 'Cytoplasm. The region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus.', 'Nuclear Envelope. Layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell.', 'Chromatin. ... ', 'Chromosomes. ... ', 'Nucleolus.']
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They are acellular, that is, they contain no cytoplasm or cellular organelles. They carry out no metabolism on their own and must replicate using the host cell's metabolic machinery. In other words, viruses don't grow and divide. Instead, new viral components are synthesized and assembled within the infected host cell.
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The main function of the virion is to deliver its DNA or RNA genome into the host cell so that the genome can be expressed (transcribed and translated) by the host cell. The viral genome, often with associated basic proteins, is packaged inside a symmetric protein capsid.
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Viruses are infectious agents with both living and nonliving characteristics. 2. Living characteristics of viruses include the ability to reproduce – but only in living host cells – and the ability to mutate. 3.
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The characteristics that viruses have common with living organisms are reproduction and heredity. They can only reproduce inside the host cell and they do have DNA or RNA.
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Summary. Viruses are infectious agents with both living and nonliving characteristics. Living characteristics of viruses include the ability to reproduce – but only in living host cells – and the ability to mutate.
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These are: 1) attachment; 2) penetration; 3) uncoating; 4) replication; 5) assembly; 6)release. As shown in , the virus must first attach itself to the host cell. This is usually accomplished through special glycoprotiens on the exterior of the capsid, envelope or tail.
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What are the three main parts of a plant or animal cell? Nucleus, Cytoplasm, and the Cell membrane.
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['Function One. The production, maintenance and distribution of lymphocytes.', 'Function Two. The return of fluid and solutes from peripheral tissues to the blood.', 'Function Three. The distribution of hormones, nutrients, and waste products form their tissue of origin to the general circulation.']
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Most viruses have either RNA or DNA as their genetic material. The nucleic acid may be single- or double-stranded. The entire infectious virus particle, called a virion, consists of the nucleic acid and an outer shell of protein. The simplest viruses contain only enough RNA or DNA to encode four proteins.
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This lipid and protein structure is called the virus envelope, and is derived from the host cell membranes. The capsid and envelope play many roles in viral infection, including virus attachment to cells, entry into cells, release of the capsid contents into the cells, and packaging of newly formed viral particles.
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Cells are the basic units of life. Cells can exist by themselves, like bacteria, or as part of a larger organism, like our cells. Viruses are non-living infectious particles, much smaller than a cell, and need a living host to reproduce. The genetic material of the cell is DNA, a double stranded helix.