what are mao b inhibitors?
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MAO-B Inhibitors. Monoamine Oxidase Type B (MAO-B) is an enzyme in our body that breaks down several chemicals in the brain, including dopamine. By giving a medication that blocks the effect of MAO-B, an MAO-B inhibitor), more dopamine is available to be used by the brain.
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['escitalopram.', 'paroxetine.', 'sertraline.', 'agomelatine.', 'mirtazapine.']
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Although they're generally as effective as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), they're used less frequently because of necessary dietary precautions and risks of adverse reactions when mixed with certain drugs. Some common MAOIs include: Phenelzine (nardil)
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MAOIs affect a range of neurotransmitters in the brain and digestive system, and this can cause many side effects. As such, they are usually only prescribed as a last resort when other antidepressant treatments have been ineffective.
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['Beta blockers. Normally used to treat high blood pressure, beta blockers such as propranolol (Inderal) help relieve tremors in some people. ... ', 'Anti-seizure medications. ... ', 'Tranquilizers. ... ', 'OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injections.']
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MAOIs approved to treat depression The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved these MAOIs to treat depression: Isocarboxazid (Marplan) Phenelzine (Nardil) Selegiline (Emsam)
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Bretylium-like mechanism: A study by Gessa et al (1963) found that phenelzine and many other MAO inhibitors (e.g. iproniazid, pargyline, tranycypromine) have “bretylium-like” properties that prevent the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve endings, a mechanism that could account for orthostatic hypotension.
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['Cimetidine (Tagamet HB)', 'Famotidine (Pepcid AC)', 'Nizatidine.']
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It is generally considered dangerous to combine monoamine oxidase inhibitors and SSRIs because MAOIs inhibit serotonin metabolism and can result in circulating serotonin levels that are high enough to produce cardiotoxic and neurotoxic serotonin syndrome.
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['Baclofen (Lioresal)', 'Carisoprodol (Soma)', 'Cyclobenzaprine (Amrix)', 'Metaxalone (Skelaxin)', 'Methocarbamol (Robaxin)']
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Although SSRIs are the current frontline treatment for depression, MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) were the first antidepressants developed. They are typically more potent than SSRIs because they affect more neurotransmitters, and they can cause more side effects.
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Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine: (Severe) Dextromethorphan products are contraindicated in patients taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) or in patients who have taken an MAOI within the last 14 days, due to the risk of serious and possibly fatal drug interactions, including serotonin syndrome.
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['Bupropion (Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL, others)', 'Mirtazapine (Remeron)', 'Nefazodone.', 'Trazodone.', 'Vilazodone (Viibryd)', 'Vortioxetine (Trintellix)']
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['Pepto-Bismol.', 'Activated charcoal.', 'Simethicone.', 'Lactase enzyme (Lactaid or Dairy Ease)', 'Beano.']
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['1) Blood pressure medications – beta blockers.', '2) Antidepressants – SSRIs.', '3) Sleep aids and allergy medications – antihistamines.', '4) Steroids – prednisone and methylprednisolone.', "5) Alzheimer's disease medications – donepezil & rivastigmine.", "6) Parkinson's disease medications – amantadine."]
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['Haldol (haloperidol)', 'Loxitane (loxapine)', 'Mellaril (thioridazine)', 'Moban (molindone)', 'Navane (thiothixene)', 'Prolixin (fluphenazine)', 'Serentil (mesoridazine)', 'Stelazine (trifluoperazine)']
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MAOIs available in Australia There are 2 types of MAOI available in Australia: phenelzine (brand name Nardil); and. tranylcypromine (brand name Parnate).