what is the difference between expert testimony and lay testimony?
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The major difference between these two types of witnesses is personal knowledge. While experts may use their knowledge or skill to draw conclusions; lay witnesses can only base their opinions on information they personally observed. ... Rule 602 specifically exempts expert testimony from this requirement.
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A fact is something that has occurred or is actually the case. The usual test for a statement of fact is verifiability; that is, whether it can be proven. An assumption, on the other hand, is a belief without proof. We, as a society, have grown accustomed to assumptions being presented to us as facts.
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The difference between a formal and an informal argument is in the burden of proof. A formal argument clearly states the claim or position it argues and presents a well-developed chain of evidence leading to a reasonable conclusion supporting the claim. ... Informal arguments contain little or no supportive evidence.
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The difference between a fact and an opinion is that opinions can be verifiable as true or false, while facts cannot.
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Testimonial evidence is what is said in court by a competent witness. Physical evidence consists of tangible items that tend to prove some material fact. ... Evidence that does not necessarily prove a fact but implies a fact or provides a basis for its interference.
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“Evidence” in English means a different thing, namely “proof” or “testimony”, but – and this is the confusing aspect of the word – the adjective “evident” means “obvious” just as the German adjective “evident”. Now there is something, as you might know, that is called “evidence-based medicine”.
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Under the Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE), a court will permit a person who isn't testifying as an expert to testify in the form of an opinion if it's both rationally based on their perception and helps to explain the witness's testimony. This is referred to as the "lay opinion" rule.
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How does it differ from cross-examination? Direct examination is a series of open-ended question by an attorney directed to a witness that the attorney has called for the purpose of testimony. ... By contrast, cross-examination questions are very pointed, specific questions which suggest either a “yes” or “no” answer.
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As verbs the difference between verify and certify is that verify is to substantiate or prove the truth of something while certify is to attest to as the truth or meeting a standard.
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As adjectives the difference between expert and veteran is that expert is extraordinarily capable or knowledgeable while veteran is having had long experience, practice, or service.
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According to Socrates, the key difference between opinion and knowledge is that knowledge is stable while opinions are fickle. ... Knowledge is different because one not only has a particular claim or sense about something, but also explanations and justification for it.
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Witness Testimony and Cross-Examination. Closing Arguments. Jury Instruction. Jury Deliberation and Verdict.
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Whereas legal reasoning is a process of a legal expert giv- ing advice to nonexperts, moral reasoning is a process of reason exchange among several different parties, none of whom can legitimately claim “expert” status about what count as moral reasons in a case, and each of whom (generally) is well-intentioned, ...
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Plaintiffs in civil cases typically have the burden of proving their allegations by a preponderance of the evidence. In criminal cases, the prosecution typically has the burden of proving its allegations beyond a reasonable doubt.
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"Layman" is a perfectly acceptable term. No one is an expert in every field. It refers to a person who is not an expert in the field.
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The difference between expertise and knowledge is slim in terms of the dictionary, and vast in terms of service. While knowledge is described as information acquired through experience or education, expertise implies being a leader in a field through having a level of skill that goes beyond just knowing things.
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As nouns the difference between claim and evidence is that claim is a demand of ownership made for something (eg claim ownership, claim victory) while evidence is facts or observations presented in support of an assertion.