what are the main causes of kidney stones?
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Kidney stones form when your urine contains more crystal-forming substances — such as calcium, oxalate and uric acid — than the fluid in your urine can dilute. At the same time, your urine may lack substances that prevent crystals from sticking together, creating an ideal environment for kidney stones to form.
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['Family or personal history. ... ', 'Dehydration. ... ', 'Certain diets. ... ', 'Obesity. ... ', 'Digestive diseases and surgery. ... ', 'Other medical conditions such as renal tubular acidosis, cystinuria, hyperparathyroidism and repeated urinary tract infections also can increase your risk of kidney stones.']
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Bladder stones are caused by concentrated urine that stays in the bladder for too long. Certain minerals form crystals that stick together into stones. Being unable to empty the bladder completely can lead to the formation of stones.
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Too much oxalate may cause kidney stones in some people. Foods high in oxalate include: Beans.
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Most kidney stones are calcium stones, usually in the form of calcium oxalate. Oxalate is a substance made daily by your liver or absorbed from your diet. Certain fruits and vegetables, as well as nuts and chocolate, have high oxalate content.
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Kidney stones are usually formed following a build-up of certain chemicals in the body. Certain medical conditions can lead to an unusually high level of these chemicals in your pee. You're also more likely to develop kidney stones if you do not drink enough water and other fluids.
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['Drinking water. Drinking as much as 2 to 3 quarts (1.8 to 3.6 liters) a day will keep your urine dilute and may prevent stones from forming. ... ', 'Pain relievers. Passing a small stone can cause some discomfort. ... ', 'Medical therapy. Your doctor may give you a medication to help pass your kidney stone.']
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Kidney stones may form when the normal balance of water, salts, minerals, and other substances found in urine changes. Factors that control kidney stones are, not drinking enough water, and a medical condition. You just studied 10 terms!
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Pain due to kidney stones usually starts early in the morning. This happens mostly because people urinate less frequently at night through early morning, and so the ureter remains constricted in the morning.
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Signs and symptoms of kidney stones can include severe pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills and blood in your urine.
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The stones are generally painless, so you probably won't know you have them unless they cause a blockage or are being passed. Then there's usually no mistaking the symptoms — kidney stones, especially, can cause excruciating pain. Bladder or kidney stones can also cause both gross and microscopic bleeding.
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['Chronic kidney disease. The most common form of kidney disease is chronic kidney disease. ... ', 'Kidney stones. Kidney stones are another common kidney problem. ... ', 'Glomerulonephritis. ... ', 'Polycystic kidney disease. ... ', 'Urinary tract infections.']
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They can be found in normal urine when caused by a protein-rich diet, which increases uric acid in the urine. They can also be caused by kidney stones, gout, chemotherapy, or tumor lysis syndrome. Symptoms of kidney stones include severe abdominal, flank, or groin pain; nausea; and blood in the urine.
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Kidney stones (also called renal calculi, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis) are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys. Diet, excess body weight, some medical conditions, and certain supplements and medications are among the many causes of kidney stones.
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Hyperparathyroidism is the number one cause of kidney stones. Every person with a kidney stone should be tested for a problem with their parathyroid glands. Nearly half of all people with kidney stones have a parathyroid tumor in their neck that must be removed or the kidney stones will return.
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Avoid stone-forming foods: Beets, chocolate, spinach, rhubarb, tea, and most nuts are rich in oxalate, and colas are rich in phosphate, both of which can contribute to kidney stones.
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Not drinking enough water each day can increase your risk of kidney stones. People who live in warm, dry climates and those who sweat a lot may be at higher risk than others. Certain diets. Eating a diet that's high in protein, sodium (salt) and sugar may increase your risk of some types of kidney stones.