who came up with the theory of acquired characteristics?
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Jean Baptiste Lamarck. Jean Baptiste Lamarck: Although the name "Lamarck" is now associated with a discredited view of evolution, the French biologist's notion that organisms inherit the traits acquired during their parents' lifetime had common sense on its side.
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Self-determination theory grew out of the work of psychologists Edward Deci and Richard Ryan, who first introduced their ideas in their 1985 book Self-Determination and Intrinsic Motivation in Human Behavior.
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Darwin and a scientific contemporary of his, Alfred Russel Wallace, proposed that evolution occurs because of a phenomenon called natural selection. In the theory of natural selection, organisms produce more offspring that are able to survive in their environment.
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['Introduction.', 'Characteristics. Religion. Deeds. Human Values. Obedience. Bravery. Love. Morality. Poetic Form. Other Literature.']
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Owen codified 3 main criteria for determining if features were homologous: position, development, and composition. In 1859, Charles Darwin explained homologous structures as meaning that the organisms concerned shared a body plan from a common ancestor, and that taxa were branches of a single tree of life.
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Watson, J. B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20, 158-178.
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Myers-Briggs theory is an adaptation of the theory of psychological types produced by Carl Gustav Jung. It is based on 16 personality types, which Jung viewed as stereotypes (Jung 1921, p. 405). They act as useful reference points to understand your unique personality (Jung 1957, p. 304).
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Main theories that emerged during 20th century include: the Great Man theory, Trait theory, Process leadership theory, Style and Behavioral theory, Transformational, Transactional and Laissez Faire leadership theory.
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These acquired traits can not be passed on genetically. You can't inherit your uncle's knowledge, skills, ideas or memories and it doesn't work that way with other organisms either. Acquired traits include things such as calluses on fingers, larger muscle size from exercise or from avoiding predators.
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Sigmund Freud (writing between the 1890s and the 1930s) developed a collection of theories which have formed the basis of the psychodynamic approach to psychology. His theories are clinically derived - i.e., based on what his patients told him during therapy.
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['Multidirectional. Over time, human characteristics change in every direction, not always in a straight line. ... ', 'Mulitdiscilplinary. ... ', 'Multicontextual. ... ', 'Multicultural. ... ', 'Plasticity. ... ', 'Developmental Theory. ... ', 'Psychoanalytic Theory. ... ', 'Behaviorism.']
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Gender schema theory was formally introduced by Sandra Bem in 1981 as a cognitive theory to explain how individuals become gendered in society, and how sex-linked characteristics are maintained and transmitted to other members of a culture.
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Max Weber, a German sociologist, philosopher, jurist, and political economist, adopted many aspects of Marx's conflict theory, and later, further refined some of Marx's idea. Weber believed that conflict over property was not limited to one specific scenario.
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The big difference between Lamarck's and Darwin's theory of evolution is the mechanism of trait inheritance. Lamarck said that any gained traits or buffs of an individual or generation would be passed to the next generations.
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A prominent scholar in this respect is British sociologist Anthony Giddens, who developed the concept of structuration. Giddens argues that just as an individual's autonomy is influenced by structure, structures are maintained and adapted through the exercise of agency.
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The Theory of Reasoned Action was developed by Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen in 1975 as an improvement over the information integration theory. Fishbein and Ajzen formulated the theory after trying to determine the differences between attitude and behavior.
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[' The Law of Segregation: Each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair. ... ', ' The Law of Independent Assortment: Genes for different traits are sorted separately from one another so that the inheritance of one trait is not dependent on the inheritance of another.']