how observational learning affects behavior?
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According to Bandura's social cognitive learning theory, observational learning can affect behavior in many ways, with both positive and negative consequences. It can teach completely new behaviors, for one. It can also increase or decrease the frequency of behaviors that have previously been learned.
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Behaviorism emphasizes the role of environmental factors in influencing behavior, to the near exclusion of innate or inherited factors. This amounts essentially to a focus on learning. We learn new behavior through classical or operant conditioning (collectively known as 'learning theory').
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Direct observations involve looking at the actual behavior or occurrence rather than a result of that occurrence, which would be an indirect observation.
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Not only is positive reinforcement scientifically proven to increase behavior, it is effective in teaching new and improved behavior, and in doing so, also decreases unwanted behavior. It also is the most ethical choice. Punishment does not teach new behavior, it only focuses on decreasing what is unwanted.
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Observation = an act or instance of noticing or perceiving. Basically, inference is an educated guess, and observation is what you witness.
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Behavior changes because of the consequence that occur after it. Classical conditioning usually deals with reflexive or involuntary responses such as physiological or emotional responses. Operant conditioning usually deals with voluntary behaviors such as active behaviors that operate on the environment.
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Learning can occur by observing a behavior and by observing the consequences of the behavior (vicarious reinforcement). Learning involves observation, extraction of information from those observations, and making decisions about the performance of the behavior (observational learning or modeling).
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Although individuals go through four different stages for observational learning: attention; retention; production; and motivation, this does not simply mean that when an individual's attention is captured that it automatically sets the process in that exact order.
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The social learning theory is based on the conditions you are in and if you will pick up on the actions and behaviors of others. Operant conditioning depends on consequences for your actions.
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Improving your observation skills allows you to “listen” with more than just your ears and make better decisions. It also enhances your ability to interact with others and to respond in an appropriate manner.
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salivation). In operant conditioning, the organism learns an association between behavior and its consequences. Behavior changes because of the consequence that occur after it. Classical conditioning usually deals with reflexive or involuntary responses such as physiological or emotional responses.
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Children learn behavior by watching and imitating others. Many types of behavior detract from learning. These include talking out of turn, being out of the seat without permission, not paying attention and disrupting other students by making noise or touching them.
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Observation learning engages four main ideas for it to be most effective. These ideas include; attention, retention, reproduction and motivation. A learner ought to engage all of his/her undivided attention to the process of observation.
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Attitude change through learning occurs when these “learned responses” are modified through further experience, self-observation and reflection, consciousness-raising (awareness-raising), and/or implicit/explicit instruction in learner strategies or emotional management.
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The independent variable, also known as the experimental group, is the consequences of their behaviour. The dependent variable in this experiment is whether the children imitate the model based on the vicarious reinforcements that the model receives.
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How do psychologists observe and describe behavior? Psychologists observe and describe behavior using individual case studies, surveys among random samples of a population, and naturalistic observations. In generalizing from observations, remember: Representative samples are a better guide than vivid anecdotes.
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['People may behave differently when they know they are being watched. ... ', 'People may try to behave in a certain way in order to conform to what they think the researchers expect to see. ... ', 'Different observers may draw different conclusions from the same witnessed behavior.']