what is the relationship between utilitarianism and consequentialism?
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Consequentialism says “the ethical status of an action is determined by its consequences.” Utilitarianism goes a step further and specifies that the consequences we care about are the consequences for “utility,” which is often crudely defined as pleasure minus suffering.
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According to your textbook, happiness and pleasure are equivalent. ... A utilitarian would never require that one person's happiness be sacrificed for the good of others.
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There are a number of moral theories: utilitarianism, Kantianism, virtue theory, the four principles approach and casuistry. Utilitarians think that the point of morality is to maximize the amount of happiness that we produce from every action.
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Duty based Ethics: based on underlying concept of duty regardless of consequences of action taken. ... Outcome based ethics = Utilitarianism dictates that a decision to act or not act should be directed towards producing the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
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Ethical egoism is the principle that only your own interests are of moral worth. Utilitarianism is the philosophy that says everyone has utility which is of moral worth and that the relative utility of any action must be judged.
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Moral philosophy is concerned with practical issues. Fundamentally it is about how we should act. Virtue ethics has criticized consequentialist and deontological theories for being too rigid and inflexible because they rely on one rule or principle. One reply to this is that these theories are action guiding.
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The concept of moral responsibility applies quite broadly; in particular, we hold agents morally responsible both for their own acts and for outcomes. Causal responsibility, on the other hand, applies most fundamentally, if not exclu- sively, to outcomes.
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The essential difference is in what determines whether or not an action is the right action. Act utilitarianism maintains that an action is right if it maximizes utility; rule utilitarianism maintains that an action is right if it conforms to a rule that maximizes utility.
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['Happiness -- It seems right that happiness is given intrinsic value. ... ', 'Harm – Utilitarianism seems to be in line with our intuitions that harming people is intrinsically wrong.', 'Greatest good – It does follow from the above that the right course of action is the one that leads to the most happiness and least harm.']
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While moral objectivism holds that there are universal, objective moral principles, moral absolutism takes this one step further. Moral Absolutism holds that objective moral principles are exceptionless and nonoverrideable. For example, a moral absolutist might hold that one should never lie or deceive.
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The choices for ethical systems are Ethical Relativism, Divine Command Theory, Utilitarianism, Deontology and Virtue Ethics.
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The consequences of our actions are important. They matter. But if the utilitarian is right, then consequences are all that matters. ... The main principle of utilitarian moral theory, the principle of utility, states that the right action is the one that produces the most overall happiness.
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ACT and RULE Utilitarianism There is a difference between rule and act utilitarianism. The act utilitarian considers only the results or consequences of the single act while the rule utilitarian considers the consequences that result of following a rule of conduct .
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Kantianism and utilitarianism have different ways for determining whether an act we do is right or wrong. According to Kant, we should look at our maxims, or intentions, of the particular action. ... On the other hand, Utilitarians believe that we should do actions that produce the greatest amount of happiness.
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Consequentialism is an ethical theory that judges whether or not something is right by what its consequences are. For instance, most people would agree that lying is wrong. ... Also, in certain situations, consequentialism can lead to decisions that are objectionable, even though the consequences are arguably good.
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['Utilitarianism.', 'Deontology.', 'Virtue ethics.', 'Ethics of care.', 'Egoism.', 'Religion or divine command theory.', 'Natural Law.', 'Social contract theory.']
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Utilitarianism judges the moral value of an action based on its outcome (or expected outcome, for a hypothetical case). Kant's ethical theory bases all moral judgment on the nature of the action; the consequences are entirely irrelevant.