what are hyaline casts in the urine?
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Hyaline casts are both the most diffi- cult to visualize and least important type of casts encountered in the urine sediment. They are the result of solidifica- tion of Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein, which is secreted by the renal tubular cells, and they may be present without significant proteinuria.
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Urine may smell like ammonia when it becomes concentrated with waste products. A variety of conditions can cause waste products to build up in urine, such as bladder stones, dehydration, and urinary tract infections. In most cases, urine that smells like ammonia can be treated with fluids or antibiotic medications.
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When urine smells, it may be a urinary tract infection Sometimes, unwanted bacteria can enter the urinary tract and cause an infection – urinary tract infection or cystitis.
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There are many substances that can produce alkaline urine, like lemon juice, orange juice. Apple cider vinegar has been studied and found to produce more alkaline urine by producing citrate in the urine and hence it is recommended for preventing stone formation."
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If it doesn't smell like ammonia, it's more likely to be amniotic fluid. If it has an ammonia scent, it's probably urine. If it has a somewhat sweet smell, it's probably amniotic fluid. If it smells foul, it may be infected amniotic fluid.
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Hyaline casts are usually caused by dehydration, exercise, or diuretic medicines. Red blood cell casts are a sign of bleeding into the kidney tubule. They are seen in many diseases affecting the glomerulus, including IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, Goodpasture syndrome, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
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Amniotic fluid doesn't usually smell and is usually colourless (although it may contain specks of mucus or blood). Urine, however, tends to leak when you cough, laugh, sneeze or move suddenly, even if you're lying down. It can be clear, or straw coloured but usually has a distinctive odour.
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1. Bladder infections. Share on Pinterest A high number of leukocytes in the urine may indicate the presence of a urinary tract infection. A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of leukocytes in the urine.
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Protein in the urine is an early sign that the kidneys' filters have been damaged, allowing protein to leak into the urine. This puffiness around your eyes can be due to the fact that your kidneys are leaking a large amount of protein in the urine, rather than keeping it in the body.
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High levels of WBCs in your urine also suggest that you have an infection. In this case, your body is trying to fight off an infection somewhere in your urinary tract. Usually, that means the bladder or the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine from the bladder.
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It's rare for strenuous exercise to lead to gross hematuria, and the cause is unknown. It may be linked to trauma to the bladder, dehydration or the breakdown of red blood cells that occurs with sustained aerobic exercise.
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Urine that looks cloudy or murky may indicate a urinary tract infection or kidney stones. Foamy urine can sometimes mean protein is building up in your urine, indicating a potential kidney problem.
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What causes nitrites in urine? The presence of nitrites in urine most commonly means there's a bacterial infection in your urinary tract. This is usually called a urinary tract infection (UTI). A UTI can happen anywhere in your urinary tract, including your bladder, ureters, kidneys, and urethra.
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If there are squamous epithelial cells in your urine, it may mean your sample was contaminated. This means that the sample contains cells from the urethra (in men) or the vaginal opening (in women). It can happen if you do not clean well enough when using the clean catch method.
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Thought to represent the end product of cast evolution, waxy casts suggest the very low urine flow associated with severe, longstanding kidney disease such as kidney failure. Additionally, due to urine stasis and their formation in diseased, dilated ducts, these casts are significantly larger than hyaline casts.
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As reflected in their cylindrical form, casts are generated in the small distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney, and generally maintain their shape and composition as they pass through the urinary system. Although the most common forms are benign, others indicate disease.
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Dark brown but clear urine is a sign of a liver disorder such as acute viral hepatitis or cirrhosis, which causes excess bilirubin in the urine. It can also indicate severe dehydration or a condition involving the breakdown of muscle tissue known as rhabdomyolysis.