where are epicardial pacing wires placed?
604596
Insertion of leads Temporary epicardial pacing leads are typically placed in the operating room after the cardiac procedure is completed and before chest closure. Epicardial pacing wires were historically placed only on the right ventricle.
279547
SA node (sinoatrial node) – known as the heart's natural pacemaker. The impulse starts in a small bundle of specialized cells located in the right atrium, called the SA node. The electrical activity spreads through the walls of the atria and causes them to contract. This forces blood into the ventricles.
1213022
The sinus node continuously generates electrical impulses, thereby setting the normal rhythm and rate in a healthy heart. Hence, the SA node is referred to as the natural pacemaker of the heart.
1448317
Measuring the apical pulse The doctor will place a stethoscope on the left side of the breastbone, over the apex of the heart. They can also feel the apical pulse at the point of maximal impulse (PMI). The PMI is in the space between the fifth and sixth ribs on the left side of the body.
1128211
Because the sinoatrial node is responsible for the rest of the heart's electrical activity, it is sometimes called the primary pacemaker.
1345233
The left and right branches of this bundle, and the Purkinje fibers, will also produce a spontaneous action potential at a rate of 30-40 beats per minute, so if the SA and AV node both fail to function, these cells can become pacemakers.
919902
In atrial fibrillation, the sinoatrial node does not direct the heartbeat. Rather, it causes heartbeats to start from many locations in upper chambers of the heart, or the atria. "These irregular heartbeats all over the atria cause the upper part of the heart to quiver like a bag of worms," says Danya L.
468454
An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is a small battery-powered device placed in your chest to monitor your heart rhythm and detect irregular heartbeats. An ICD can deliver electric shocks via one or more wires connected to your heart to fix an abnormal heart rhythm.
193277
['A small incision, approximately two to four inches long, will be made in your upper chest area, just below your collarbone.', 'One or two leads will be guided through a vein into your heart, and the leads will be connected to the defibrillator.']
1030027
['Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). ... ', 'Heart valve repair or replacement. ... ', 'Insertion of a pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). ... ', 'Maze surgery. ... ', 'Aneurysm repair. ... ', 'Heart transplant. ... ', 'Insertion of a ventricular assist device (VAD) or total artificial heart (TAH).']
1027300
Defibrillators usually are implanted through small incisions in the skin, near the collarbone. You receive a mild sedative, but you're kept awake; a local anesthetic is used. An electrophysiologist will perform the procedure.
638217
Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) Using a special insertion tool, your doctor implants the S-ICD device under the skin at the side of the chest below the armpit and connects it to an electrode that runs along the breastbone.
128361
Vagus nerve stimulator implantation is usually done on the left side so as to avoid cardiac complications (the right vagus nerve supplies the sinoatrial node, while the left innervates the atrioventricular node). This, thus, prevents the untoward effect of cardiac dysrhythmia. Performed under general anesthesia.
1061392
Parts of an ECG Six of the leads are considered “limb leads” because they are placed on the arms and/or legs of the individual. The other six leads are considered “precordial leads” because they are placed on the torso (precordium). The six limb leads are called lead I, II, III, aVL, aVR and aVF.
1440038
Defibrillators are specifically designed to treat life-threatening arrhythmias in the ventricles, or the lower chambers of the heart. Arrhythmias of the upper chamber of the heart, like atrial fibrillation, do not require an implantable defibrillator.
683184
['Epicardium. Visceral layer of pericardium (Lamina visceralis pericardii) The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart. ... ', 'Myocardium. Cardiac muscle cell (Cardiomyocytus) ... ', 'Endocardium. The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart.']
432164
Alternative treatments to having a pacemaker fitted include: medication, cardiac catheter ablation, and. an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).