what are the three stages in gene expression in eukaryotes?
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Transcription: the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase, and the processing of the resulting mRNA molecule. Translation: the use of mRNA to direct protein synthesis, and the subsequent post-translational processing of the protein molecule.
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Eukaryotic genes are split into exons and introns; in bacteria, genes are almost never split. ... In eukaryotes, mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and then processed and exported to the cytoplasm; in bacteria, transcription and translation can take place simultaneously off the same piece of DNA.
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En Español. Gene expression is the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to direct the assembly of a protein molecule. The cell reads the sequence of the gene in groups of three bases.
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['Promoter – a nucleotide sequence that enables a gene to be transcribed. ... ', 'Operator – a segment of DNA to which a repressor binds. ... ', 'Structural genes – the genes that are co-regulated by the operon.']
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['Prophase I. The chromosomes condense, and the nuclear envelope breaks down. ... ', 'Metaphase I. Pairs of homologous chromosomes move to the equator of the cell.', 'Anaphase I. ... ', 'Telophase I and Cytokinesis. ... ', 'Prophase II. ... ', 'Metaphase II. ... ', 'Anaphase II. ... ', 'Telophase II and Cytokinesis.']
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Eukaryotes have three types of RNA polymerases, I, II, and III, and prokaryotes only have one type. ... Another main difference between the two is that transcription and translation occurs simultaneously in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes the RNA is first transcribed in the nucleus and then translated in the cytoplasm.
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Much like the processes of DNA replication and transcription, translation consists of three main stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. Initiation takes place with the binding of a ribosome to an mRNA transcript.
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Left panel: eukaryotic cell. In the nucleus, a pre-mRNA is produced through transcription of a region of DNA from a linear chromosome. This transcript must undergo processing (splicing and addition of 5' cap and poly-A tail) while it is still in the nucleus in order to become a mature mRNA.
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Three Stages of Cell Signaling First, reception, whereby the signal molecule binds the receptor. Then, signal transduction, which is where the chemical signal results in a series of enzyme activations. Finally, the response, which is the resulting cellular responses.
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A typical eukaryotic gene, therefore, consists of a set of sequences that appear in mature mRNA (called exons) interrupted by introns.
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Key points: Transcription is the first step in gene expression. It involves copying a gene's DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule. Transcription is performed by enzymes called RNA polymerases, which link nucleotides to form an RNA strand (using a DNA strand as a template).
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the three stages (interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis) through which a cell passes as it grows and divides.
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In eukaryotes, the cell cycle consists of four discrete phases: G1, S, G2, and M. The S or synthesis phase is when DNA replication occurs, and the M or mitosis phase is when the cell actually divides.
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Translation of an mRNA molecule by the ribosome occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.
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What happens during mitosis? During mitosis, a eukaryotic cell undergoes a carefully coordinated nuclear division that results in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells. Mitosis itself consists of five active steps, or phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
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[' Germinal stage. 1.1 Fertilization. 1.2 Cleavage. 1.3 Blastulation. 1.4 Implantation. 1.5 Embryonic disc.', ' Gastrulation.', ' Neurulation.', ' Development of organs and organ systems.']
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The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle. The division cycle of most cells consists of four coordinated processes: cell growth, DNA replication, distribution of the duplicated chromosomes to daughter cells, and cell division.