what are dna sentences called?
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Genes are made of DNA The language of genetics has only four letters (A,T, C, and G). These four letters are combined into three-letter words. The words make up “genes,” which are like sentences.
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Repetitive DNA. Repetitive DNA can be divided into two classes: the tandem repetitive sequences (known as satellite DNA) and the interspersed repeats. The term satellite is used to describe DNA sequences that comprise short head-to-tail tandem repeats incorporating specific motifs. ... Variations in DNA in the genome.
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DNA is the information molecule. It stores instructions for making other large molecules, called proteins. These instructions are stored inside each of your cells, distributed among 46 long structures called chromosomes. These chromosomes are made up of thousands of shorter segments of DNA, called genes.
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One of these is called the leading strand, and it is replicated continuously in the 3' to 5' direction. The other strand is the lagging strand, and it is replicated discontinuously in short sections. These sections are called Okazaki fragments, and they are short lengths of DNA.
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Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). DNA safely and stably stores genetic material in the nuclei of cells as a reference, or template.
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The order of these bases is called the DNA sequence. Segments of DNA that carry genetic information are called genes, and they are inherited by offspring from their parents during reproduction.
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DNA's instructions are used to make proteins in a two-step process. First, enzymes read the information in a DNA molecule and transcribe it into an intermediary molecule called messenger ribonucleic acid, or mRNA.
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The sugars in the backbone The backbone of DNA is based on a repeated pattern of a sugar group and a phosphate group. The full name of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, gives you the name of the sugar present - deoxyribose. Deoxyribose is a modified form of another sugar called ribose.
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['chromosome,', 'carrier,', 'cross-fertilize,', 'carry,', 'cloning,', 'deoxyribonucleic acid,', 'cross,', 'clone,']
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Nucleic acids, macromolecules made out of units called nucleotides, come in two naturally occurring varieties: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material found in living organisms, all the way from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals like you and me.
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Summary: DNA is divided up into functional units called genes, which may specify polypeptides (proteins and protein subunits) or functional RNAs (such as tRNAs and rRNAs). Information from a gene is used to build a functional product in a process called gene expression.
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In the nucleus, the DNA code is "transcribed," or copied, into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. In the cytoplasm, the mRNA code is "translated" into amino acids.
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In humans, the nucleus of each cell contains 3 × 109 base pairs of DNA distributed over 23 pairs of chromosomes, and each cell has two copies of the genetic material. ... The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called transcription, and that by which RNA is used to produce proteins is called translation.
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Coding DNA: A sequence of DNA that codes for protein. Coding DNA sequences are separated by long regions of DNA called introns that have no apparent function. Coding DNA is also known as an exon.
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Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments according to their size. DNA samples are loaded into wells (indentations) at one end of a gel, and an electric current is applied to pull them through the gel. DNA fragments are negatively charged, so they move towards the positive electrode.
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['Nucleus. The nucleus is the control center of the cell where DNA is housed. ... ', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum. The structure of the endoplasmic reticulum is similar to a folded membrane. ... ', 'Ribosomes. ... ', 'Golgi Apparatus. ... ', 'Vesicles. ... ', 'Plasma Membrane. ... ', 'Mitochondria. ... ', 'Cytoskeleton.']
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The sections of DNA (or RNA) that code for proteins are called exons. Following transcription, new, immature strands of messenger RNA, called pre-mRNA, may contain both introns and exons.