what is the difference between live attenuated and inactivated vaccines?
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Live virus vaccines use the weakened (attenuated) form of the virus. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and the varicella (chickenpox) vaccine are examples. Killed (inactivated) vaccines are made from a protein or other small pieces taken from a virus or bacteria.
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70% up to 1.5 years after vaccination, falling to 50% after 3 years; food and water precautions are important. Injectable vaccine offers ~75% protection; food and water precautions are important.
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The injected flu vaccine given to adults contains inactivated flu viruses, so it cannot give you flu. The children's nasal spray flu vaccine contains live but weakened flu viruses that will not give your child flu.
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An attenuated vaccine is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable (or "live"). Attenuation takes an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent. These vaccines contrast to those produced by "killing" the virus (inactivated vaccine).
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The BCG vaccine contains live bacteria that have been weakened (attenuated), so that they stimulate the immune system but do not cause disease in healthy people. However the vaccine should not be given to people who are clinically immunosuppressed (either due to drug treatment or underlying illness).
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Passive immunity is provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system. ... This is the major advantage to passive immunity; protection is immediate, whereas active immunity takes time (usually several weeks) to develop.
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Before departure:Inactivated and live vaccines: protection is achieved 2–4 weeks after first dose. Given the long incubation period of hepatitis A (average 2–4 weeks), the vaccine can be administered up to the day of departure and still protect travellers.
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Vaccination of laying hens has been successfully used to reduce egg contamination by Salmonella Enteritidis, decreasing human salmonellosis cases worldwide. Currently used vaccines for layers are either inactivated vaccines or live attenuated strains produced by mutagenesis.
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It is not known how long a vaccinated person is protected against varicella. But, live vaccines in general provide long-lasting immunity. Several studies have shown that people vaccinated against varicella had antibodies for at least 10 to 20 years after vaccination.
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Passive Immunity. Passive immunity is provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system. ... This is the major advantage to passive immunity; protection is immediate, whereas active immunity takes time (usually several weeks) to develop.
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Live vaccines during pregnancy Theoretically the live attenuated virus in a vaccine could cross the placenta and result in viral infection of the fetus. Owing to this concern, most live attenuated vaccines, including the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and varicella vaccines, are contraindicated during pregnancy.
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The product information for Vivotif Oral live attenuated vaccine recommends a booster every 3 years. For people at ongoing risk of typhoid fever, ATAGI also recommends revaccination with a 3- or 4-dose course of the oral live attenuated vaccine 3 years after a 3-dose course, or 5 years after a 4-dose course.
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According to the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Vaccine Education Center, vaccines are made of dead or weakened antigens. They can't cause an infection, but the immune system still sees them as an enemy and produces antibodies in response.
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Active immunity and passive immunity are two types of adaptive immunity. A prominent difference between active and passive immunity is that active immunity is developed due to the production of antibodies in one's own body, while passive immunity is developed by antibodies that are produced outside.
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The flu vaccine is considered safe. You can't catch the flu from the vaccine, because the virus in the vaccine has been killed or weakened. The live vaccine isn't recommended for people with a weaker-than-normal immune system.
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Two doses of MMR vaccine are 97% effective against measles and 88% effective against mumps. MMR is an attenuated (weakened) live virus vaccine. This means that after injection, the viruses cause a harmless infection in the vaccinated person with very few, if any, symptoms before they are eliminated from the body.
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However, RNA vaccines have some distinct advantages. One is that RNA-based vaccines appear to perform better than DNA-based vaccines. Another is that they are also safer, as injection of RNA presents no risk of disrupting the cell's natural DNA sequence.