I ran into the same grub issue of not being able to install grub, but have an answer
32778
install the grub boot loader on a hard disk` failed on my pc
130661
grub-install: this GPT partition label contains no BIOS Boot Partition
79692
Grub rescue prompt, repair grub
105222
Windows 8 won't boot via GRUB after installing Ubuntu with boot-repair
78405
I can't get grub menu to show up during boot
33376
Boot camp install of Windows 7 issue, no bootable devices
22944
16.04 new installation gives grub-efi-amd64-signed failed installation /target/ ubuntu 16.04 at the end
132293
If I can, how do I install Ubuntu from Ubuntu?
154622
How do I resolve this installation error?
12496
Cannot find "Run Ubuntu alongside with windows" option when installing
129105
Can't boot, no grub, "alloc magic is broken"
21732
Can't load GRUB all of a sudden (UEFI problem)
135382
Ubuntu won't boot - kernel error?
122583
Can't clean a full /boot because of unmet dependencies
66633
Booting from USB and not installing
67545
grub2 wont load Ubuntu on dual boot
83727
Grub rescue no such device, also cannot access BIOS