The first principal component line minimizes the sum of the squared perpendicular distances between each point and the line
10466
Making sense of principal component analysis, eigenvectors & eigenvalues
72375
Efficiently Constructing Rank One Approximations for a Matrix using SVD
109483
Straight lines - product of slope of perpendicular lines.
144011
Representative point of a cluster with L1 distance
111656
Estimation of the expected Euclidean distance between two random points on a unit $n$-hemisphere
109026
Variation of algorithms to find point from another point with bearing and distance
59786
within cluster sum of squared distances
156166
PCA of non-Gaussian data
69386
What's the relationship between initial eigenvalues and sums of squared loadings in factor analysis?
10329
Algorithm for minimization of sum of squares in regression packages
29579
Ways to measure distance from multivariate Gaussian (Mahalanobis distance)
125697
How to determine significant principal components using bootstrapping or Monte Carlo approach?
91904
Using ST_split to split a line feature using nearby points
109740
Bresenham's line algorithm
158823
Principal component analysis "backwards": how much variance of the data is explained by a given linear combination of the variables?
107595
Iteratively minimizing the function
36609
Creating a single index from several principal components or factors retained from PCA/FA