<image 1> What causes these unusual formations on Mountain papaya?
['Abiotic', 'Confused', 'Biotic', 'Normal']
The correct answer is Biotic.
Vasconcellea pubescens looks like normal papaya except it can grow up to 3000 masl in Colombia.
There are at least two possible reasons for these bud massess or malformations: fungus (mango malformation looks similar and is caused by Fusarium spp.); or phytoplasma. Or it could be induced by insect feeding. Either way, it definitely looks biotic.