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# Untitled Document

March 2000 DFUB 00–05 Version 1 hep-th/0003230

3-point functions of universal scalars in maximal SCFTs at large $`N`$

by

Fiorenzo Bastianelli and Roberto Zucchini

Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bologna

V. Irnerio 46, I-40126 Bologna, Italy

and

INFN, Sezione di Bologna

Abstract

We compute all 3-point functions of the “universal” scalar operators contained in the interacting, maximally supersymmetric CFTs at large $`N`$ by using the AdS/CFT correspondence. These SCFTs are related to the low energy description of M5, M2 and D3 branes, and the common set of universal scalars corresponds through the AdS/CFT relation to the fluctuations of the metric and the magnetic potential along the internal manifold. For the interacting $`(0,2)`$ SCFT6 at large $`N`$, which is related to M5 branes, this set of scalars is complete, while additional non-universal scalar operators are present in the $`d=4`$, $`𝒩=4`$ super Yang–Mills theory and in the $`𝒩=8`$ SCFT3, related to D3 and M2 branes, respectively.

Keywords: String Theory, Conformal Field Theory, Geometry.

PACS no.: 0240, 0460, 1110.

0. Introduction

The low energy dynamics of non-dilatonic superstring/M-theory branes identify an interesting class of interacting CFT possessing maximal supersymmetry . These SCFT should presumably be given a description in terms of the collective coordinates of the branes. This is well known for a system of $`N`$ coinciding D3 branes, whose collective degrees of freedom span the $`d=4`$, $`𝒩=4`$ $`U(N)`$ super vector multiplet and whose infrared dynamics is described precisely by the corresponding super Yang–Mills theory . A similar explicit description for a set of $`N`$ coinciding M5 or M2 branes is unknown. Indeed, it is only known that the collective coordinates of a single M5 brane form a $`d=6`$, $`𝒩=(0,2)`$ free tensor multiplet (a 2-form with selfdual field strength, 5 scalars and 2 Weyl fermions)  and that those of a single M2 brane form a $`d=3`$, $`𝒩=8`$ free scalar multiplet (8 bosons and 8 Majorana fermions) . Interacting SCFTs describing the collective coordinates of $`N`$ coinciding M5 or M2 branes remain instead quite mysterious. However, superstring/M-theory predicts the existence of these models \[6–8\] and, in fact, suggests a full ADE classification. A concrete handle on the problem is provided by the AdS/CFT duality conjecture, which relates these SCFT in $`d=3,4,6`$ to superstring/M-theory on AdS$`{}_{4,5,7}{}^{}\times `$S7,5,4 \[9–11\]. Specifically, at large $`N`$, one can approximate the superstring/M-theory by the corresponding classical supergravity. Then, the latter may be used to obtain informations on the strong coupling limit of the related interacting SCFTs and, in the case of SCFT3,6, also to get important clues about their mysterious lagrangian formulation. The AdS/CFT duality conjecture has been tested extensively in the literature (see ref.  and references therein) and used to compute 3- and 4-point functions of some chiral operators (a partial list consists of refs. \[13–24\]).

In this paper, we continue our analysis of the AdS/CFT correspondence presented in \[22–24\], and address the problem of computing the 3 point functions for a set of scalar operators which are present in all of the above mentioned theories at large $`N`$. In fact, there are three families of such scalars, to be denoted by $`𝒪^s`$, $`𝒪^f`$, $`𝒪^t`$, which are in correspondence with the metric and the magnetic potential fluctuations along the internal manifold (the metric contributing with two Kaluza-Klein families due to its splitting into a trace and a traceless part). They form a kind of “universal” scalar sector common to all the non-dilatonic branes, which is reminiscent of the NS-NS universal sector present in the spectrum of the various closed superstrings. At large $`N`$, all but a finite number of the supersymmetric short multiplets contain precisely one scalar $`𝒪^s`$, $`𝒪^f`$, $`𝒪^t`$, with $`𝒪^s`$ being the chiral primary. Their conformal dimensions are given by

$$\mathrm{\Delta }^s=\mathrm{\Delta },\mathrm{\Delta }^f=\mathrm{\Delta }+2,\mathrm{\Delta }^t=\mathrm{\Delta }+4,$$
$`(0.1)`$
where

$$\mathrm{\Delta }=\frac{n+1}{Dn3}k,$$
$`(0.2)`$
$`n`$ is the dimension of the brane, $`D`$ is the space time dimension and $`k4`$ is an integer characterizing the multiplet. The exceptional multiplets, corresponding to the values $`k=2,3`$, do not contain the operator $`𝒪^t`$. For the M5 brane case, this set of scalars is complete at large $`N`$, as all other operators have a non trivial tensorial character. On the other hand, for the M2 and D3 branes, additional non-universal scalars are present in the spectrum (see, e.g. the tables in ).

The simultaneous treatment of the universal sector is made possible by the use of the general gravitational model introduced in , which was shown later in  to correctly reproduce the universal scalar self couplings also in the case of the dyonic D3 brane (where the full lagrangian of type IIB supergravity contains a 4-form with selfdual field strength).

Thus, in the following, we briefly review our general gravitational model and present the result for all of the 3-point couplings of the universal scalars. As a check, we have carried out the computation in two independent ways, by expanding the action at the cubic order in the scalar fields and by studying the quadratic corrections to the scalar equations of motion. Of course, we obtained the same final result. Then, the application of AdS/CFT duality allows us to obtain the announced universal scalar 3-point functions. We tried to cast the resulting expressions in a way which may suggest a group theoretic interpretation. Finally, we present some technical details on tensor spherical harmonics and their integrals in an appendix.

1. Identification of the universal scalar sector

According to the AdS/CFT duality principles \[9–11\], the low energy world volume CFT of $`N`$ coincident M5, M2, D3 branes at large $`N`$ is described by $`D=11`$, $`D=11`$, $`D=10`$ type IIB classical supergravity compactified on $`\mathrm{AdS}_7\times \mathrm{S}_4`$, $`\mathrm{AdS}_4\times \mathrm{S}_7`$, $`\mathrm{AdS}_5\times \mathrm{S}_5`$, respectively. The CFT scalar fields, whose three point functions we want to compute, are related by duality in a precise way to certain fluctuations of the AdS bosonic supergravity fields around a maximally supersymmetric Freund–Rubin background . In ref. , it has been shown that the dynamics of these fluctuations up to third order is governed by a gravitational action that has the same form for all the three types of branes mentioned above and is, therefore, universal. Let us describe and justify the model briefly.

Space time $`M_D`$ is $`\mathrm{AdS}_{D2p}\times \mathrm{S}_{2+p}`$. The relevant fields are the metric $`g`$ and the $`1+p`$ form field $`A_{1+p}`$ with field strength $`F_{2+p}=dA_{1+p}`$  1 We denote form degree on $`M_D`$ by a subfix, e. g. $`\omega _r`$ is a $`r`$ form on $`M_D`$.. The Freund–Rubin background $`\overline{g}`$, $`\overline{A}_{1+p}`$ is such that $`\overline{g}`$ is factorized and $`\overline{F}_{2+p}=\overline{F}_{(0,2+p)}`$. The relevant bosonic fluctuations of $`g`$ and $`A_{1+p}`$ around the background are such that $`g`$ remains factorized and $`F_{2+p}=\overline{F}_{(0,2+p)}+da_{(0,1+p)}`$  2 We say that a metric $`g`$ on $`M_D`$ is factorized if $`g`$ has the block structure $`g=g^{}g^{\prime \prime }`$, where $`\overline{g}^{}`$, $`\overline{g}^{\prime \prime }`$ are metrics on $`\mathrm{AdS}_{D2p}`$, $`\mathrm{S}_{2+p}`$, respectively. Similarly, we denote form degree on the factors $`\mathrm{AdS}_{D2p}`$, $`\mathrm{S}_{2+p}`$ by a pair of suffixes, e. g. $`\omega _{(r,s)}`$ denotes a $`r+s`$ form on $`M_D`$ that is a $`r`$ form on $`\mathrm{AdS}_{D2p}`$ and a $`s`$ form on $`\mathrm{S}_{2+p}`$.. The action is given by

$$I=\frac{1}{4\kappa ^2}_{\mathrm{AdS}_{D2p}\times \mathrm{S}_{2+p}}[R(g)_g1F_{2+p}_gF_{2+p}],$$
$`(1.1)`$
$$g=g^{}g^{\prime \prime },F_{2+p}=\overline{F}_{(0,2+p)}+da_{(0,1+p)}.$$
$`(1.2)`$
The important cases are those for which $`(D,p)=(11,2),(11,5),(10,3)`$.

For the M5 theory ($`(D,p)=(11,2)`$), the above action is obtained directly from that of the bosonic sector of $`D=11`$ supergravity by noting that, for the fluctuation considered here, the Chern–Simons term vanishes identically.

For the M2 theory ($`(D,p)=(11,5)`$), the situation is slightly more complicated. Using the standard 3–form formulation of $`D=11`$ supergravity is inconvenient as the relevant scalar fluctuation contained in the fluctuation $`a_{(3,0)}`$ of $`A_3`$ comes about as the solution of the constraint

$$d_{\overline{g}^{}}a_{(3,0)}=0$$
$`(1.3)`$
entailed by gauge fixing at quadratic level, which is difficult to implement in an off–shell fashion. This problem can be solved by means of a standard dualization trick, whereby the 3–form $`A_3`$ is replaced by a 6–form $`A_6`$ such that $`F_7=_gF_4`$. Since the Chern–Simons term vanishes also in this case for the fluctuation considered here, the resulting action takes the simple form (1.1). However, in the dual formulation, the relevant scalar fluctuation is contained in the fluctuation $`a_{(0,6)}`$ of $`A_6`$ and can thus be treated in an off–shell fashion in a way completely analogous to that of the M5 brane.

For the D3 theory ($`(D,p)=(10,3)`$), the relevant fields are the metric $`g`$ and the IIB Ramond–Ramond 4 form field $`A_4`$ with selfdual field strength $`F_5^{sd}=dA_4`$

$$F_5^{sd}=_gF_5^{sd}.$$
$`(1.4)`$
The selfdual Freund–Rubin background $`\overline{g}`$, $`\overline{A}_4`$ is such that $`\overline{g}`$ is factorized and $`\overline{F}_5^{sd}=2^{\frac{1}{2}}(\overline{F}_{(0,5)}+_{\overline{g}}\overline{F}_{(0,5)})`$. The relevant fluctuations of $`g`$ and $`A_4`$ around the background are such that $`g`$ is factorized, as usual, and $`F_5^{sd}=\overline{F}_5^{sd}+da_4`$, where $`a_4=2^{\frac{1}{2}}(a_{(4,0)}+a_{(0,4)})`$. The selfduality equations (1.4) relate the fluctuations $`a_{(4,0)}`$, $`a_{(0,4)}`$ and allow in principle to express $`a_{(4,0)}`$ in terms of $`a_{(0,4)}`$. Upon doing this, the resulting field equations can be seen to be equivalent to those obtained from the action (1.1).

The standard $`\mathrm{AdS}_{D2p}\times \mathrm{S}_{2+p}`$ Freund Rubin solution $`\overline{g}_{ij}`$, $`\overline{A}_{i_1\mathrm{}i_{1+p}}`$ of the field equations following from the action (1.1) is given by

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \overline{R}_{\kappa \lambda \mu \nu }& =a^2(\overline{g}_{\kappa \mu }\overline{g}_{\lambda \nu }\overline{g}_{\kappa \nu }\overline{g}_{\lambda \mu }),a^2=\frac{(1+p)}{(D2)(D3p)}e^2,\hfill & (1.5a)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta }& =\overline{e}^2(\overline{g}_{\alpha \gamma }\overline{g}_{\beta \delta }\overline{g}_{\alpha \delta }\overline{g}_{\beta \gamma }),\overline{e}^2=\frac{(D3p)}{(D2)(1+p)}e^2,\hfill & (1.5b)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{F}_{\alpha _1\mathrm{}\alpha _{2+p}}& =e\overline{ϵ}_{\alpha _1\mathrm{}\alpha _{2+p}},\hfill & (1.6)\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`\overline{ϵ}_{\alpha _1\mathrm{}\alpha _{2+p}}`$ denotes the standard volume form on the unit sphere and $`e`$ is an arbitrary mass scale parameterizing the compactification  3 In this paper, we adopt the following conventions. Latin lower case letters $`i,j,k,l,\mathrm{}`$ denote $`M_D`$ indices. Late Greek lower case letters $`\kappa ,\lambda ,\mu ,\nu \mathrm{}`$ denote $`\mathrm{AdS}_{D2p}`$ indices. Early Greek lower case letters $`\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta ,\mathrm{}`$ denote $`\mathrm{S}_{2+p}`$ indices.. The other components of the Riemann tensor and the field strength vanish identically.

We expand the action in fluctuations around the background $`\overline{g}_{ij}`$, $`\overline{A}_{i_1\mathrm{}i_{1+p}}`$. We parameterize the fluctuations $`\delta g_{ij}`$, $`\delta A_{i_1\mathrm{}i_{1+p}}`$ of the fields $`g_{ij}`$, $`A_{i_1\mathrm{}i_{1+p}}`$ around the background as in

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \delta g_{\alpha \beta }& =f_{\alpha \beta }+\overline{}_\alpha n_\beta +\overline{}_\beta n_\alpha +(\overline{}_\alpha \overline{}_\beta \frac{1}{2+p}\overline{g}_{\alpha \beta }\overline{}^\gamma \overline{}_\gamma )q+\frac{1}{2+p}\overline{g}_{\alpha \beta }\pi ,\hfill & \\ \hfill f^\gamma _\gamma & =0,\overline{}^\gamma f_{\gamma \alpha }=0,\overline{}^\gamma n_\gamma =0,\hfill & (1.7)\hfill \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \delta A_{\alpha _1\mathrm{}\alpha _{1+p}}& =(1+p)\overline{}_{[\alpha _1}a_{\alpha _2\mathrm{}\alpha _{1+p}]}+\overline{ϵ}_{\alpha _1\mathrm{}\alpha _{1+p}}{}_{}{}^{\gamma }\overline{}_{\gamma }^{}b,\hfill & \\ \hfill \overline{}^\gamma a_{\gamma \alpha _3\mathrm{}\alpha _{1+p}}& =0.\hfill & (1.8)\hfill \end{array}$$

Fluctuations of the other components of $`g_{ij}`$ and $`A_{i_1\mathrm{}i_{1+p}}`$ can be disregarded as they are independent up to third order from the ones we are interested in and therefore do not contribute to the relevant scalar 3-point couplings.

The gauge can be partially fixed by eliminating those gauge invariances which do not correspond to the usual reparameterization and form gauge invariances from the $`\mathrm{AdS}_{D2p}`$ perspective. This can be done by imposing

$$\overline{}^\beta (\delta g_{\beta \alpha }\frac{1}{2+p}\overline{g}_{\beta \alpha }\delta g^\gamma {}_{\gamma }{}^{})=0,$$
$`(1.9)`$
$$\overline{}^\beta \delta A_{i_1\mathrm{}i_p\beta }=0,$$
$`(1.10)`$
as shown in . Fixing the gauge entails a number of constraints which must be disposed of as explained in .

There are three universal families of $`\mathrm{AdS}_{D2p}`$ scalar fields contained in the fluctuations listed above, which we denote as $`f_I`$, $`s_I`$, $`t_I`$. The scalar fields $`f_I`$ are defined by expanding $`f_{\alpha \beta }`$ (cfr. eq. (1.7)) with respect to an orthonormal basis $`\{Y_I^{(2)}\}`$ of symmetric traceless transversal 2–tensor spherical harmonics of $`\mathrm{S}_{2+p}`$ (cfr. appendix A1)

$$f_{\alpha \beta }=\underset{I}{}f_IY_{I\alpha \beta }^{(2)}.$$
$`(1.11)`$
The scalar fields $`s_I`$, $`t_I`$ are given by linear functionals of $`\pi `$, $`b`$ (cfr. eq. (1.7), (1.8)) non local in $`\mathrm{S}_{2+p}`$ defined as follows. One expands the scalar fields $`\pi `$, $`b`$ with respect to an orthonormal basis $`\{Y_I^{(0)}\}`$ of scalar spherical harmonics of $`\mathrm{S}_{2+p}`$ (cfr. appendix A1)

$$\pi =\underset{I}{}\pi _IY_I^{(0)},b=\underset{I}{}b_IY_I^{(0)}$$
$`(1.12a),(1.12b)`$
and identifies the scalar mass eigenstates as given by

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill s_I& =\frac{1}{2k+1+p}\left(\frac{1}{2(2+p)(D3p)}\pi _I+\frac{(1)^p(k+1+p)}{(1+p)(D2)}eb_I\right),\hfill & (1.13a)\hfill \\ \hfill t_I& =\frac{1}{2k+1+p}\left(\frac{1}{2(2+p)(D3p)}\pi _I\frac{(1)^pk}{(1+p)(D2)}eb_I\right).\hfill & (1.13b)\hfill \end{array}$$

It should be kept in mind that the range of the quantum numbers $`I`$ of $`f_I`$ differs from that of the quantum numbers $`I`$ of $`s_I`$, $`t_I`$, as these ranges parameterize orthogonal bases of spherical harmonics of different tensorial rank. However, we shall use the same notation for these different quantum numbers for simplicity, as no confusion is possible.

2. The cubic action of the universal scalar sector

From the action (1.1), one can extract the couplings of the scalars $`f_I`$, $`s_I`$ and $`t_I`$ defined in the previous section. After performing some field redefinitions, one finds that their action to cubic order is given by

$$I_{[3]}^{fst}=\frac{1}{4\kappa ^2}_{\mathrm{AdS}_{d+1}}d^{d+1}y(\overline{g}_{d+1})^{\frac{1}{2}}[\frac{1}{2}\underset{i}{}A_i\psi _i(\mathrm{}m_i{}_{}{}^{2})\psi _i+\frac{1}{3!}\underset{ijk}{}G_{ijk}\psi _i\psi _j\psi _k],$$
$`(2.1)`$
where $`d=D3p`$, $`\mathrm{}`$ denotes the d’Alembertian on AdSd+1 and the index $`i=\{I,a\}`$ contains a flavor index $`a`$ for the $`(f,s,t)`$ types of fields, i.e. $`\psi _i=\psi _I^a=(f_I,s_I,t_I)`$. The various constants appearing in the actions are given by the following expressions.

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill A_I^f& =\frac{1}{2}z_I\overline{e}^{2p},\hfill & (2.2a)\hfill \\ \hfill A_I^s& =\frac{2\nu k(k1)(2k+1+p)}{k+\gamma _s}z_I\overline{e}^{2p},\hfill & (2.2b)\hfill \\ \hfill A_I^t& =\frac{2\nu (k+1+p)(k+2+p)(2k+1+p)}{k+\gamma _t}z_I\overline{e}^{2p};\hfill & (2.2c)\hfill \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill m_I^f^2& =k(k+1+p)\overline{e}^2,\hfill & (2.3a)\hfill \\ \hfill m_I^s^2& =k(k1p)\overline{e}^2,\hfill & (2.3b)\hfill \\ \hfill m_I^t^2& =(k+1+p)(k+2+2p)\overline{e}^2;\hfill & (2.3c)\hfill \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill G_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fff}& =\left(\alpha +\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)a_{I_1I_2I_3}𝒯_{I_1}𝒯_{I_2}𝒯_{I_3}\overline{e}^p,\hfill & (2.4a)\hfill \\ \hfill G_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ffs}& =4(D2)\frac{\alpha _1\alpha _2\left(\alpha _3+\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)\left(\alpha +\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)}{k_3+\gamma _s}a_{I_1I_2I_3}𝒯_{I_1}𝒯_{I_2}𝒞_{I_3}\overline{e}^p,\hfill & (2.4b)\hfill \\ \hfill G_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fft}& =4(D2)\frac{\left(\alpha _1+\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)\left(\alpha _2+\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)\alpha _3(\alpha +1+p)}{k_3+\gamma _t}a_{I_1I_2I_3}𝒯_{I_1}𝒯_{I_2}𝒞_{I_3}\overline{e}^p,\hfill & \\ & & (2.4c)\hfill \\ \hfill G_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fss}& =8\nu \frac{\alpha _1\left(\alpha _1\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)\alpha \left(\alpha +\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)}{(k_2+\gamma _s)(k_3+\gamma _s)}\hfill & \\ & \times \left\{(\alpha _11)\left(\alpha +\frac{1+p}{D3p}\right)+\frac{\theta }{\nu }F^{fss}\right\}a_{I_1I_2I_3}𝒯_{I_1}𝒞_{I_2}𝒞_{I_3}\overline{e}^p,\hfill & (2.4d)\hfill \\ \hfill G_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ftt}& =8\nu \frac{\alpha _1(\alpha _1+1+p)\left(\alpha +\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)\left(\alpha +\frac{3}{2}(1+p)\right)}{(k_2+\gamma _t)(k_3+\gamma _t)}\hfill & \\ & \times \left\{\left(\alpha _1+\frac{(1+p)(D4p)}{D3p}\right)(\alpha +p+2)+\frac{\theta }{\nu }F^{ftt}\right\}a_{I_1I_2I_3}𝒯_{I_1}𝒞_{I_2}𝒞_{I_3}\overline{e}^p,\hfill & \\ & & (2.4e)\hfill \\ \hfill G_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fst}& =8\nu \frac{\alpha _1(\alpha _2+1+p)\left(\alpha _3\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)\left(\alpha +\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)}{(k_2+\gamma _s)(k_3+\gamma _t)}\hfill & \\ & \times \left\{\left(\alpha _2+\frac{(1+p)(D4p)}{D3p}\right)(\alpha _31)+\frac{\theta }{\nu }F^{fst}\right\}a_{I_1I_2I_3}𝒯_{I_1}𝒞_{I_2}𝒞_{I_3}\overline{e}^p,\hfill & \\ & & (2.4f)\hfill \\ \hfill G_{I_1I_2I_3}^{sss}& =32(D2)\nu \frac{\alpha _1\alpha _2\alpha _3\left(\alpha \frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)\left(\alpha +\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)}{(k_1+\gamma _s)(k_2+\gamma _s)(k_3+\gamma _s)}\hfill & \\ & \times \left\{(\alpha 1)\left(\alpha +\frac{1+p}{D3p}\right)\left(\alpha +\frac{(1+p)(D+4+2p)}{2(D2)}\right)+\frac{\theta }{\nu }F^{sss}\right\}\hfill & \\ & \times a_{I_1I_2I_3}𝒞_{I_1}𝒞_{I_2}𝒞_{I_3}\overline{e}^p,\hfill & (2.4g)\hfill \\ \hfill G_{I_1I_2I_3}^{sst}& =32(D2)\nu \frac{\left(\alpha _1+\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)\left(\alpha _2+\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)\alpha _3(\alpha _31p)\left(\alpha +\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)}{(k_1+\gamma _s)(k_2+\gamma _s)(k_3+\gamma _t)}\hfill & \\ & \times \left\{(\alpha _31)\left(\alpha _3+\frac{(1+p)(D+3+p)}{D2}\right)\left(\alpha _3+\frac{(1+p)(D+4+p)}{D3p}\right)\frac{\theta }{\nu }F^{sst}\right\}\hfill & \\ & \times a_{I_1I_2I_3}𝒞_{I_1}𝒞_{I_2}𝒞_{I_3}\overline{e}^p,\hfill & (2.4h)\hfill \\ \hfill G_{I_1I_2I_3}^{tts}& =32(D2)\nu \frac{\alpha _1\alpha _2\left(\alpha _3+\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)\left(\alpha _3+\frac{3}{2}(1+p)\right)(\alpha +1+p)}{(k_1+\gamma _t)(k_2+\gamma _t)(k_3+\gamma _s)}\hfill & \\ & \times \left\{(\alpha _3+2+p)\left(\alpha _3+\frac{(1+p)(3D82p)}{2(D2)}\right)\left(\alpha _3+\frac{(1+p)(D4p)}{D3p}\right)\frac{\theta }{\nu }F^{tts}\right\}\hfill & \\ & \times a_{I_1I_2I_3}𝒞_{I_1}𝒞_{I_2}𝒞_{I_3}\overline{e}^p,\hfill & (2.4i)\hfill \\ \hfill G_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ttt}& =32(D2)\nu \frac{\left(\alpha _1+\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)\left(\alpha _2+\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)\left(\alpha _3+\frac{1}{2}(1+p)\right)(\alpha +1+p)(\alpha +2+2p)}{(k_1+\gamma _t)(k_2+\gamma _t)(k_3+\gamma _t)}\hfill & \\ & \times \left\{(\alpha +2+p)\left(\alpha +\frac{(1+p)(2D82p)}{D3p}\right)\left(\alpha +\frac{(1+p)(4D9p)}{2(D2)}\right)+\frac{\theta }{\nu }F^{ttt}\right\}\hfill & \\ & \times a_{I_1I_2I_3}𝒞_{I_1}𝒞_{I_2}𝒞_{I_3}\overline{e}^p,\hfill & (2.4j)\hfill \end{array}$$

where we have defined for notational convenience

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \nu & =(D2)(1+p)(D3p),\hfill & (2.5a)\hfill \\ \hfill \gamma _s& =\frac{1+p}{D3p},\gamma _t=\frac{(1+p)(D4p)}{D3p},\hfill & (2.5b)\hfill \\ \hfill \theta & =(1+p)(D3p)2(D2),\hfill & (2.5c)\hfill \end{array}$$

$`\overline{e}^2`$ is defined in eq. (1.5b), while $`\alpha _1`$, $`\alpha _2`$, $`\alpha _3`$, $`\alpha `$, $`z_I`$, $`a_{I_1I_2I_3}`$ and the contractions $`𝒯𝒯𝒯`$, $`𝒯𝒯𝒞`$, $`𝒯𝒞𝒞`$, $`𝒞𝒞𝒞`$ are defined in appendix A1. Note that the auxiliary functions $`F^{fss},F^{ftt},\mathrm{}`$ appearing in the couplings are always multiplied by $`\theta `$ and do not contribute to the relevant cases of AdS$`{}_{5,7,4}{}^{}\times `$S5,4,7 where $`\theta `$ vanishes. The explicit expressions for such functions, which may be needed in future applications, are listed in appendix A2.

Writing above

$$A_I=\overline{A}_Iz_I\overline{e}^{2p},$$
$`(2.6)`$
$$m_I{}_{}{}^{2}=\overline{m}_I{}_{}{}^{2}\overline{e}_{}^{2},$$
$`(2.7)`$
$$G_{I_1I_2I_3}=\overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}a_{I_1I_2I_3}𝒴_{I_1}𝒴_{I_2}𝒴_{I_3}\overline{e}^p,$$
$`(2.8)`$
where the $`𝒴_{I_1}𝒴_{I_2}𝒴_{I_3}`$ denotes the appropriate tensor/scalar harmonic contractions, we get the following expressions.

$`\underset{¯}{\mathrm{AdS}_7\times \mathrm{S}_4}`$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \overline{A}_I^f& =\frac{1}{2},\hfill & (2.9a)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{A}_I^s& =\frac{2^23^4k(k1)(2k+3)}{k+\frac{1}{2}},\hfill & (2.9b)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{A}_I^t& =\frac{2^23^4(k+3)(k+4)(2k+3)}{k+\frac{5}{2}};\hfill & (2.9c)\hfill \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \overline{m}_I^f^2& =k(k+3),\hfill & (2.10a)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{m}_I^s^2& =k(k3),\hfill & (2.10b)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{m}_I^t^2& =(k+3)(k+6);\hfill & (2.10c)\hfill \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fff}& =\alpha +\frac{3}{2},\hfill & (2.11a)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ffs}& =\frac{2^23^2\alpha _1\alpha _2(\alpha _3+\frac{3}{2})(\alpha +\frac{3}{2})}{k_3+\frac{1}{2}},\hfill & (2.11b)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fft}& =\frac{2^23^2(\alpha _1+\frac{3}{2})(\alpha _2+\frac{3}{2})\alpha _3(\alpha +3)}{k_3+\frac{5}{2}},\hfill & (2.11c)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fss}& =\frac{2^43^4(\alpha _1\frac{3}{2})(\alpha _11)\alpha _1\alpha (\alpha +\frac{1}{2})(\alpha +\frac{3}{2})}{(k_2+\frac{1}{2})(k_3+\frac{1}{2})},\hfill & (2.11d)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ftt}& =\frac{2^43^4\alpha _1(\alpha _1+\frac{5}{2})(\alpha _1+3)(\alpha +\frac{3}{2})(\alpha +4)(\alpha +\frac{9}{2})}{(k_2+\frac{5}{2})(k_3+\frac{5}{2})},\hfill & (2.11e)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fst}& =\frac{2^43^4\alpha _1(\alpha _2+\frac{5}{2})(\alpha _2+3)(\alpha _31)(\alpha _3\frac{3}{2})(\alpha +\frac{3}{2})}{(k_2+\frac{1}{2})(k_3+\frac{5}{2})},\hfill & (2.11f)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{sss}& =\frac{2^63^6\alpha _1\alpha _2\alpha _3(\alpha 1)(\alpha ^2\frac{1}{4})(\alpha ^2\frac{9}{4})}{(k_1+\frac{1}{2})(k_2+\frac{1}{2})(k_3+\frac{1}{2})},\hfill & (2.11g)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{sst}& =\frac{2^63^6(\alpha _1+\frac{3}{2})(\alpha _2+\frac{3}{2})\alpha _3(\alpha _31)(\alpha _32)(\alpha _3\frac{5}{2})(\alpha _33)(\alpha +\frac{3}{2})}{(k_1+\frac{1}{2})(k_2+\frac{1}{2})(k_3+\frac{5}{2})},\hfill & (2.11h)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{tts}& =\frac{2^63^6\alpha _1\alpha _2(\alpha _3+\frac{3}{2})(\alpha _3+\frac{5}{2})(\alpha _3+\frac{7}{2})(\alpha _3+4)(\alpha _3+\frac{9}{2})(\alpha +3)}{(k_1+\frac{5}{2})(k_2+\frac{5}{2})(k_3+\frac{1}{2})},\hfill & (2.11i)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ttt}& =\frac{2^63^6(\alpha _1+\frac{3}{2})(\alpha _2+\frac{3}{2})(\alpha _3+\frac{3}{2})(\alpha +3)(\alpha +4)(\alpha +5)(\alpha +\frac{11}{2})(\alpha +6)}{(k_1+\frac{5}{2})(k_2+\frac{5}{2})(k_3+\frac{5}{2})}.\hfill & \\ & & (2.11j)\hfill \end{array}$$

$`\underset{¯}{\mathrm{AdS}_4\times \mathrm{S}_7}`$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \overline{A}_I^f& =\frac{1}{2},\hfill & (2.12a)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{A}_I^s& =\frac{2^23^4k(k1)(2k+6)}{k+2},\hfill & (2.12b)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{A}_I^t& =\frac{2^23^4(k+6)(k+7)(2k+6)}{k+4};\hfill & (2.12c)\hfill \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \overline{m}_I^f^2& =k(k+6),\hfill & (2.13a)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{m}_I^s^2& =k(k6),\hfill & (2.13b)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{m}_I^t^2& =(k+6)(k+12);\hfill & (2.13c)\hfill \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fff}& =\alpha +3,\hfill & (2.14a)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ffs}& =\frac{2^23^2\alpha _1\alpha _2(\alpha _3+3)(\alpha +3)}{k_3+2},\hfill & (2.14b)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fft}& =\frac{2^23^2(\alpha _1+3)(\alpha _2+3)\alpha _3(\alpha +6)}{k_3+4},\hfill & (2.14c)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fss}& =\frac{2^43^4(\alpha _13)(\alpha _11)\alpha _1\alpha (\alpha +2)(\alpha +3)}{(k_2+2)(k_3+2)},\hfill & (2.14d)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ftt}& =\frac{2^43^4\alpha _1(\alpha _1+4)(\alpha _1+6)(\alpha +3)(\alpha +7)(\alpha +9)}{(k_2+4)(k_3+4)},\hfill & (2.14e)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fst}& =\frac{2^43^4\alpha _1(\alpha _2+4)(\alpha _2+6)(\alpha _33)(\alpha _31)(\alpha +3)}{(k_2+2)(k_3+4)},\hfill & (2.14f)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{sss}& =\frac{2^63^6\alpha _1\alpha _2\alpha _3(\alpha +2)(\alpha ^21)(\alpha ^29)}{(k_1+2)(k_2+2)(k_3+2)},\hfill & (2.14g)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{sst}& =\frac{2^63^6(\alpha _1+3)(\alpha _2+3)\alpha _3(\alpha _31)(\alpha _32)(\alpha _34)(\alpha _36)(\alpha +3)}{(k_1+2)(k_2+2)(k_3+4)},\hfill & (2.14h)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{tts}& =\frac{2^63^6\alpha _1\alpha _2(\alpha _3+3)(\alpha _3+4)(\alpha _3+5)(\alpha _3+7)(\alpha _3+9)(\alpha +6)}{(k_1+4)(k_2+4)(k_3+2)},\hfill & (2.14i)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ttt}& =\frac{2^63^6(\alpha _1+3)(\alpha _2+3)(\alpha _3+3)(\alpha +6)(\alpha +7)(\alpha +8)(\alpha +10)(\alpha +12)}{(k_1+4)(k_2+4)(k_3+4)}.\hfill & \\ & & (2.14j)\hfill \end{array}$$

$`\underset{¯}{\mathrm{AdS}_5\times \mathrm{S}_5}`$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \overline{A}_I^f& =\frac{1}{2},\hfill & (2.15a)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{A}_I^s& =\frac{2^8k(k1)(2k+4)}{k+1},\hfill & (2.15b)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{A}_I^t& =\frac{2^8(k+4)(k+5)(2k+4)}{k+3};\hfill & (2.15c)\hfill \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \overline{m}_I^f^2& =k(k+4),\hfill & (2.16a)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{m}_I^s^2& =k(k4),\hfill & (2.16b)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{m}_I^t^2& =(k+4)(k+8);\hfill & (2.16c)\hfill \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fff}& =\alpha +2,\hfill & (2.17a)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ffs}& =\frac{2^5\alpha _1\alpha _2(\alpha _3+2)(\alpha +2)}{k_3+1},\hfill & (2.17b)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fft}& =\frac{2^5(\alpha _1+2)(\alpha _2+2)\alpha _3(\alpha +4)}{k_3+3},\hfill & (2.17c)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fss}& =\frac{2^{10}(\alpha _12)(\alpha _11)\alpha _1\alpha (\alpha +1)(\alpha +2)}{(k_2+1)(k_3+1)},\hfill & (2.17d)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ftt}& =\frac{2^{10}\alpha _1(\alpha _1+3)(\alpha _1+4)(\alpha +2)(\alpha +5)(\alpha +6)}{(k_2+3)(k_3+3)},\hfill & (2.17e)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fst}& =\frac{2^{10}\alpha _1(\alpha _2+3)(\alpha _2+4)(\alpha _32)(\alpha _31)(\alpha +2)}{(k_2+1)(k_3+3)},\hfill & (2.17f)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{sss}& =\frac{2^{15}\alpha _1\alpha _2\alpha _3\alpha (\alpha ^21)(\alpha ^24)}{(k_1+1)(k_2+1)(k_3+1)},\hfill & (2.17g)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{sst}& =\frac{2^{15}(\alpha _1+2)(\alpha _2+2)\alpha _3(\alpha _31)(\alpha _32)(\alpha _33)(\alpha _34)(\alpha +2)}{(k_1+1)(k_2+1)(k_3+3)},\hfill & (2.17h)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{tts}& =\frac{2^{15}\alpha _1\alpha _2(\alpha _3+2)(\alpha _3+3)(\alpha _3+4)(\alpha _3+5)(\alpha _3+6)(\alpha +4)}{(k_1+3)(k_2+3)(k_3+1)},\hfill & (2.17i)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{G}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ttt}& =\frac{2^{15}(\alpha _1+2)(\alpha _2+2)(\alpha _3+2)(\alpha +4)(\alpha +5)(\alpha +6)(\alpha +7)(\alpha +8)}{(k_1+3)(k_2+3)(k_3+3)}.\hfill & \\ & & (2.17j)\hfill \end{array}$$

3. Computation of the 3 point functions of the universal scalar sector

We are now ready to compute two and three point functions in the SCFTs using the $`\mathrm{AdS}_{d+1}/\mathrm{CFT}_d`$ correspondence. The general formulas derived in  work with AdS radius set to 1. Assume that the AdS scalar fields $`\varphi _i`$ correspond to the CFT local field $`𝒪_i`$. The mass $`m_i`$ of $`\psi _i`$ and the conformal dimension $`\mathrm{\Delta }_i`$ of $`𝒪_i`$ are related as

$$\mathrm{\Delta }_i=\frac{1}{2}[d+(d^2+4m_i{}_{}{}^{2})^{\frac{1}{2}}].$$
$`(3.1)`$
Then

$$𝒪_i(x)𝒪_j(y)=\frac{A_i}{4\kappa ^2}\frac{2}{\pi ^{\frac{d}{2}}}\frac{\mathrm{\Delta }_i\frac{d}{2}}{\mathrm{\Delta }_i}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\mathrm{\Delta }_i+1)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\mathrm{\Delta }_i\frac{d}{2})}\frac{(w_i)^2\delta _{ij}}{|xy|^{2\mathrm{\Delta }_i}},$$
$`(3.2)`$
where $`\frac{A_i}{4\kappa ^2}`$ is the coefficient of the canonically normalized kinetic term of the bulk field $`\psi _i`$ as in eq. (2.1) and

$$𝒪_i(x)𝒪_j(y)𝒪_k(z)=\frac{R_{ijk}}{|xy|^{\mathrm{\Delta }_i+\mathrm{\Delta }_j\mathrm{\Delta }_k}|yz|^{\mathrm{\Delta }_j+\mathrm{\Delta }_k\mathrm{\Delta }_i}|zx|^{\mathrm{\Delta }_k+\mathrm{\Delta }_i\mathrm{\Delta }_j}},$$
$`(3.3)`$
with

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill R_{ijk}=& \frac{G_{ijk}}{4\kappa ^2}\frac{1}{2\pi ^d}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\mathrm{\Delta }_i+\mathrm{\Delta }_j\mathrm{\Delta }_k))\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\mathrm{\Delta }_j+\mathrm{\Delta }_k\mathrm{\Delta }_i))\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\mathrm{\Delta }_k+\mathrm{\Delta }_i\mathrm{\Delta }_j))}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\mathrm{\Delta }_i\frac{d}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\mathrm{\Delta }_j\frac{d}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\mathrm{\Delta }_k\frac{d}{2})}\hfill & \\ & \mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\mathrm{\Delta }_i+\mathrm{\Delta }_j+\mathrm{\Delta }_kd))w_iw_jw_k,\hfill & (3.4)\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`\frac{G_{ijk}}{4\kappa ^2}`$ is the cubic coupling constant of $`\psi _i`$, $`\psi _j`$, $`\psi _k`$ as in eq. (2.1). The factors $`w_i`$ parameterize unknown proportionality constants which relate the fields $`\psi _i`$ to the sources of the operators $`𝒪_i`$, namely the generating functional of correlators reads as $`e^{{\scriptscriptstyle w_i\psi _i𝒪_i}}_{_{\mathrm{SCFT}}}`$. For the present purposes we follow ref.  and fix them to normalize the two point functions as

$$𝒪_i(x)𝒪_j(y)=\frac{\delta _{ij}}{|xy|^{2\mathrm{\Delta }_i}}.$$
$`(3.5)`$
With this canonical normalization the three point functions are readily computed.

In our case, $`d=D3p`$. Imposing that the AdS radius is 1 fixes the value of $`\overline{e}`$ to be

$$\overline{e}=\frac{d}{1+p}.$$
$`(3.6)`$
We denote by $`𝒪_I^f`$, $`𝒪_I^s`$, $`𝒪_I^t`$ the $`\mathrm{CFT}_d`$ operators corresponding to the $`\mathrm{AdS}_{d+1}`$ scalars $`f_I`$, $`s_I`$, $`t_I`$ in the $`\mathrm{AdS}_{d+1}/\mathrm{CFT}_d`$ duality. Their dimensions are given by

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \mathrm{\Delta }_I^f& =\frac{d(k+1+p)}{1+p},\hfill & (3.7a)\hfill \\ \hfill \mathrm{\Delta }_I^s& =\frac{dk}{1+p},\hfill & (3.7b)\hfill \\ \hfill \mathrm{\Delta }_I^t& =\frac{d(k+2+2p)}{1+p}.\hfill & (3.7c)\hfill \end{array}$$

Separating out the group theory factors in the $`R_{ijk}`$ coefficients by defining

$$R_{ijk}=\overline{R}_{ijk}𝒴_{I_1}𝒴_{I_2}𝒴_{I_3}$$
$`(3.8)`$
as in eq. (2.8), we find the following expressions.

$`\underset{¯}{\mathrm{AdS}_7\times \mathrm{S}_4}`$

In this case one has $`\frac{1}{4\kappa ^2}=\frac{2N^3}{\pi ^5}`$ and $`\overline{e}=2`$. One has

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \mathrm{\Delta }_I^f& =2k+6,\hfill & (3.9a)\hfill \\ \hfill \mathrm{\Delta }_I^s& =2k,\hfill & (3.9b)\hfill \\ \hfill \mathrm{\Delta }_I^t& =2k+12.\hfill & (3.9c)\hfill \end{array}$$

Set

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \varphi (k)& =4\left[\frac{(2k+1)!}{(2k+2)!(2k+5)!}\right]^{\frac{1}{2}},\hfill & (3.10a)\hfill \\ \hfill \sigma (k)& =\left[(2k2)!\right]^{\frac{1}{2}},\hfill & (3.10b)\hfill \\ \hfill \tau (k)& =16\left[\frac{(2k+1)!(2k+4)!(2k+7)!}{(2k+6)!(2k+8)!(2k+9)!(2k+11)!}\right]^{\frac{1}{2}}.\hfill & (3.10c)\hfill \end{array}$$

Then,

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fff}& =\frac{2}{4(\pi N)^{\frac{3}{2}}}\varphi (k_1)\varphi (k_2)\varphi (k_3)2^{2\alpha }\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +4)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +6)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +5)}\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +3)\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _3+3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _3+2)}\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+\frac{3}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+\frac{3}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+\frac{3}{2})\hfill & (3.11a)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ffs}& =\frac{1}{4(\pi N)^{\frac{3}{2}}}\varphi (k_1)\varphi (k_2)\sigma (k_3)2^{2\alpha }\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +2)\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _3+6)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _3+2)}\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+\frac{1}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+\frac{1}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+\frac{5}{2}),\hfill & (3.11b)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fft}& =\frac{1}{4(\pi N)^{\frac{3}{2}}}\varphi (k_1)\varphi (k_2)\tau (k_3)2^{2\alpha }\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +9)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +5)}\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +4)\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+6)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+6)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+2)}\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+\frac{5}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+\frac{5}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+\frac{1}{2}),\hfill & (3.11c)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fss}& =\frac{1}{4(\pi N)^{\frac{3}{2}}}\varphi (k_1)\sigma (k_2)\sigma (k_3)2^{2\alpha }\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +1)\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _3+3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _3+2)}\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1\frac{1}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+\frac{3}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+\frac{3}{2}),\hfill & (3.11d)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fst}& =\frac{1}{4(\pi N)^{\frac{3}{2}}}\varphi (k_1)\sigma (k_2)\tau (k_3)2^{2\alpha }\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +4)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +6)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +5)}\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +3)\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+2)}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+7)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+9)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+4)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+6)}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _3+1)}\hfill & \\ & \times \mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+\frac{3}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+\frac{7}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3\frac{1}{2}),\hfill & (3.11e)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ftt}& =\frac{1}{4(\pi N)^{\frac{3}{2}}}\varphi (k_1)\tau (k_2)\tau (k_3)\hfill & \\ & \times 2^{2\alpha }\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +4)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +6)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +10)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +12)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +5)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +7)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +9)}\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +5)\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+7)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+9)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+4)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+6)}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+2)}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _3+3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _3+2)}\hfill & \\ & \times \mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+\frac{7}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+\frac{3}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+\frac{3}{2}),\hfill & (3.11f)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{sss}& =\frac{1}{4(\pi N)^{\frac{3}{2}}}\sigma (k_1)\sigma (k_2)\sigma (k_3)2^{2\alpha }\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+\frac{1}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+\frac{1}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+\frac{1}{2}),\hfill & (3.11g)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{sst}& =\frac{1}{4(\pi N)^{\frac{3}{2}}}\sigma (k_1)\sigma (k_2)\tau (k_3)2^{2\alpha }\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +2)\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+6)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+6)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+2)}\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+\frac{5}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+\frac{5}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3\frac{3}{2}),\hfill & (3.11h)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{tts}& =\frac{1}{4(\pi N)^{\frac{3}{2}}}\tau (k_1)\tau (k_2)\sigma (k_3)2^{2\alpha }\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +9)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +5)}\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +4)\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _3+10)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _3+12)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _3+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _3+8)}\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+\frac{1}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+\frac{1}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+\frac{9}{2}),\hfill & (3.11i)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ttt}& =\frac{1}{4(\pi N)^{\frac{3}{2}}}\tau (k_1)\tau (k_2)\tau (k_3)2^{2\alpha }\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +13)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +15)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +5)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha +11)}\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +6)\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+6)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+6)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _3+6)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _1+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _2+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(2\alpha _3+2)}\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+\frac{5}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+\frac{5}{2})\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+\frac{5}{2}).\hfill & (3.11j)\hfill \end{array}$$

$`\underset{¯}{\mathrm{AdS}_4\times \mathrm{S}_7}`$

In this case one has $`\frac{1}{4\kappa ^2}=\frac{N^{\frac{3}{2}}}{2^{\frac{19}{2}}\pi ^5}`$ and $`\overline{e}=\frac{1}{2}`$. One has

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \mathrm{\Delta }_I^f& =\frac{1}{2}k+3,\hfill & (3.12a)\hfill \\ \hfill \mathrm{\Delta }_I^s& =\frac{1}{2}k,\hfill & (3.12b)\hfill \\ \hfill \mathrm{\Delta }_I^t& =\frac{1}{2}k+6.\hfill & (3.12c)\hfill \end{array}$$

Set

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \varphi (k)& =\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{k!(k+3)!}{(k+4)!}\right]^{\frac{1}{2}},\hfill & (3.13a)\hfill \\ \hfill \sigma (k)& =\left[(k+1)!\right]^{\frac{1}{2}},\hfill & (3.13b)\hfill \\ \hfill \tau (k)& =\frac{1}{4}\left[\frac{k!(k+2)!(k+3)!(k+5)!}{(k+4)!(k+7)!(k+10)!}\right]^{\frac{1}{2}}.\hfill & (3.13c)\hfill \end{array}$$

Then,

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fff}& =\frac{\pi }{2}\left(\frac{2}{N}\right)^{\frac{3}{4}}\varphi (k_1)\varphi (k_2)\varphi (k_3)2^\alpha \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +5)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +3)}\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha +\frac{5}{2})}\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+1)}\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha _1+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha _2+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha _3+1)}\hfill & (3.14a)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ffs}& =\frac{\pi }{2}\left(\frac{2}{N}\right)^{\frac{3}{4}}\varphi (k_1)\varphi (k_2)\sigma (k_3)2^\alpha \frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha +2)}\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+5)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+1)}\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _1+1))\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _2+1))\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _3+3))},\hfill & (3.14b)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fft}& =\frac{\pi }{2}\left(\frac{2}{N}\right)^{\frac{3}{4}}\varphi (k_1)\varphi (k_2)\tau (k_3)2^\alpha \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +8)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +4)}\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha +3)}\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+5)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+5)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+1)}\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _1+3))\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _2+3))\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _3+1))},\hfill & (3.14c)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fss}& =\frac{\pi }{2}\left(\frac{2}{N}\right)^{\frac{3}{4}}\varphi (k_1)\sigma (k_2)\sigma (k_3)2^\alpha \frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha +\frac{3}{2})}\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+1)}\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha _1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha _2+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha _3+1)},\hfill & (3.14d)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fst}& =\frac{\pi }{2}\left(\frac{2}{N}\right)^{\frac{3}{4}}\varphi (k_1)\sigma (k_2)\tau (k_3)2^\alpha \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +5)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +3)}\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha +\frac{5}{2})}\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1)}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+8)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+1)}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+1)}\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha _1+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha _2+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha _3)},\hfill & (3.14e)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ftt}& =\frac{\pi }{2}\left(\frac{2}{N}\right)^{\frac{3}{4}}\varphi (k_1)\tau (k_2)\tau (k_3)2^\alpha \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +11)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +3)}\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha +\frac{7}{2})}\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+8)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1)}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+1)}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+1)}\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha _1+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha _2+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha _3+1)},\hfill & (3.14f)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{sss}& =\frac{\pi }{2}\left(\frac{2}{N}\right)^{\frac{3}{4}}\sigma (k_1)\sigma (k_2)\sigma (k_3)2^\alpha \frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha +1)}\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _1+1))\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _2+1))\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _3+1))},\hfill & (3.14g)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{sst}& =\frac{\pi }{2}\left(\frac{2}{N}\right)^{\frac{3}{4}}\sigma (k_1)\sigma (k_2)\tau (k_3)2^\alpha \frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha +2)}\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+5)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+5)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+1)}\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _1+3))\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _2+3))\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _31))},\hfill & (3.14h)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{tts}& =\frac{\pi }{2}\left(\frac{2}{N}\right)^{\frac{3}{4}}\tau (k_1)\tau (k_2)\sigma (k_3)2^\alpha \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +8)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +4)}\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha +3)}\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+5)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+11)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+3)}\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _1+1))\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _2+1))\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _3+5))},\hfill & (3.14i)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ttt}& =\frac{\pi }{2}\left(\frac{2}{N}\right)^{\frac{3}{4}}\tau (k_1)\tau (k_2)\tau (k_3)2^\alpha \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +8)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +14)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +4)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +6)}\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}\alpha +4)}\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+5)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+5)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+5)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+1)}\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _1+3))\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _2+3))\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2}(\alpha _3+3))}.\hfill & (3.14j)\hfill \end{array}$$

$`\underset{¯}{\mathrm{AdS}_5\times \mathrm{S}_5}`$

In this case one has $`\frac{1}{4\kappa ^2}=\frac{N^2}{8\pi ^5}`$ and $`\overline{e}=1`$. One has

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \mathrm{\Delta }_I^f& =k+4,\hfill & (3.15a)\hfill \\ \hfill \mathrm{\Delta }_I^s& =k,\hfill & (3.15b)\hfill \\ \hfill \mathrm{\Delta }_I^t& =k+8.\hfill & (3.15c)\hfill \end{array}$$

Set

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \varphi (k)& =\left[\frac{k!}{(k+3)!}\right]^{\frac{1}{2}},\hfill & (3.16a)\hfill \\ \hfill \sigma (k)& =k^{\frac{1}{2}},\hfill & (3.16b)\hfill \\ \hfill \tau (k)& =\left[\frac{k!(k+1)!(k+2)!}{(k+5)!(k+6)!(k+7)!}\right]^{\frac{1}{2}}.\hfill & (3.16c)\hfill \end{array}$$

Then,

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fff}& =\frac{1}{N}\varphi (k_1)\varphi (k_2)\varphi (k_3)\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +4)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +2)}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+1)}\hfill & (3.17a)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ffs}& =\frac{1}{N}\varphi (k_1)\varphi (k_2)\sigma (k_3)\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+4)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+2)},\hfill & (3.17b)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fft}& =\frac{1}{N}\varphi (k_1)\varphi (k_2)\tau (k_3)\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +5)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +6)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +4)}\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+4)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+2)}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+4)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+2)},\hfill & (3.17c)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fss}& =\frac{1}{N}\varphi (k_1)\sigma (k_2)\sigma (k_3)\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+1)}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+1)},\hfill & (3.17d)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{fst}& =\frac{1}{N}\varphi (k_1)\sigma (k_2)\tau (k_3)\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +4)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +2)}\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1)}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+5)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+6)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+3)}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+1)},\hfill & (3.17e)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ftt}& =\frac{1}{N}\varphi (k_1)\tau (k_2)\tau (k_3)\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +7)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +8)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +5)}\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+5)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+6)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+3)}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+1)}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+1)},\hfill & (3.17f)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{sss}& =\frac{1}{N}\sigma (k_1)\sigma (k_2)\sigma (k_3),\hfill & (3.17g)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{sst}& =\frac{1}{N}\sigma (k_1)\sigma (k_2)\tau (k_3)\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+4)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+4)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+2)},\hfill & (3.17h)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{tts}& =\frac{1}{N}\tau (k_1)\tau (k_2)\sigma (k_3)\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +5)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +6)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +4)}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+7)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+8)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+2)},\hfill & (3.17i)\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{R}_{I_1I_2I_3}^{ttt}& =\frac{1}{N}\tau (k_1)\tau (k_2)\tau (k_3)\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +9)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +10)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha +4)}\hfill & \\ & \times \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+4)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+4)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+3)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+4)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _1+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _2+2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha _3+2)}.\hfill & (3.17j)\hfill \end{array}$$

It is useful to remember that the value of the integer $`k`$ of the operators $`𝒪_I^s`$, $`𝒪_I^f`$, $`𝒪_I^t`$ belonging to the same multiplet are related as follows

$$k^s=k,k^f=k2,k^t=k4.$$
$`(3.18)`$
Some of these results have been obtained by other groups as well. Namely, in the SCFT4 case, the 3-point function of the chiral primary operators eq. (3.17$`g`$) was produced in the seminal paper , while eq. (3.17$`h`$) was contained in . As for SCFT6, eq. (3.11$`g`$) was calculated in , though that result differs for a factor from ours . We have computed in previous works the $`s`$$`t`$ correlations functions , extended here above to the full universal sector.

4. Conclusions

We have computed in a systematic way the large $`N`$ limit of the 3-point functions of the scalars belonging to the universal sector which is common to all of the maximal supersymmetric CFT in $`d=3,4,6`$. The infrared dynamics of the M2, D3 and M5 branes belongs to the universality classes identified by these SCFT3,4,6, and in fact we used the AdS/CFT correspondence to compute some scalar correlation functions in the latter. That constitutes the main result of this paper.

At large $`N`$, all the operators group into short (also called chiral) supersymmetric multiplets \[31–35\]. In particular, the operators $`𝒪^s`$ are the chiral primaries which generate all of the other by application of the superconformal algebra . In $`d=4`$ it was shown in  by using a superspace approach that the 3-point function of all chiral operators are fixed by a unique superspace conformal invariant up to a single coefficient, which can be easily read off from $`𝒪^s𝒪^s𝒪^s`$. Thus, it should be possible to obtain the correlation functions of the descendants, including the ones listed in section 3, by such superspace techniques, though this may be laborious. A similar strategy has not been worked out for the SCFT3,6, to our knowledge, and it is not known how many independent numbers describe the correlation functions of the chiral multiplets. Investigation of the stress tensor 3-point functions (belonging to the family identified by the chiral primary with $`k=2`$) show only a single overall coefficient for all of the SCFT3,6 , and this may suggest that also in these new cases supersymmetry fixes the correlations function of chiral multiplets up to a constant. It would indeed be interesting to develop a superspace approach and reproduce the descendant correlation functions from the chiral ones. More importantly, it would be nice to investigate their $`\frac{1}{N}`$ corrections. On the other hand, the general model we used to obtain the scalar 3-point function can still be employed to compute the 4-point functions of the chiral primaries in a systematic way for the SCFT3,4,6. In the light of some results for the super Yang Mills case , that might be a formidable task but still within the reach of future research.

A1. Spherical Harmonics

We describe the $`n`$–dimensional sphere $`\mathrm{S}_n`$ of radius $`\rho `$ as $`\mathrm{S}_n=\{xR^{n+1}|x^2=\rho ^2\}`$.

Since $`\mathrm{S}_nR^{n+1}`$, we can represent tensor fields on $`\mathrm{S}_n`$ by means of tensor fields on $`R^{n+1}`$ of the same type satisfying certain conditions. Since further $`\mathrm{S}_n`$ is naturally equipped with the metric induced by the Euclidean metric of $`R^{n+1}`$, we need not distinguish covariant and contravariant tensor indices. Specifically, a rank $`s`$ tensor field $`T_{\alpha _1\mathrm{}\alpha _s}`$ on $`\mathrm{S}_n`$ may be viewed as a rank $`s`$ tensor field $`T_{i_1\mathrm{}i_s}`$ defined on a neighborhood of $`\mathrm{S}_nR^{n+1}`$ with no components normal to $`\mathrm{S}_n`$:

$$x_iT_{i_1\mathrm{}i_{a1}ii_{a+1}\mathrm{}i_s}(x)=0,1as.$$
$`(A1.1)`$
In particular, the induced metric $`g_{\alpha \beta }`$ of $`\mathrm{S}_n`$ is represented by

$$g_{ij}(x)=\delta _{ij}\frac{x_ix_j}{r^2},$$
$`(A1.2)`$
where $`r=(x_ix_i)^{\frac{1}{2}}`$. Therefore, the contraction of two rank $`s`$ tensor fields $`T_{\alpha _1\mathrm{}\alpha _s}`$, $`U_{\alpha _1\mathrm{}\alpha _s}`$ is given by

$$T^{\alpha _1\mathrm{}\alpha _s}U_{\alpha _1\mathrm{}\alpha _s}=T_{i_1\mathrm{}i_s}U_{i_1\mathrm{}i_s}.$$
$`(A1.3)`$
For a rank $`s`$ tensor field $`T_{\alpha _1\mathrm{}\alpha _s}`$, the covariant derivative $`_\alpha T_{\alpha _1\mathrm{}\alpha _s}`$ is represented by

$$_iT_{i_1\mathrm{}i_s}(x)=\left(_i\frac{x_i}{r}_r\right)T_{i_1\mathrm{}i_s}(x)+\underset{a=1}{\overset{s}{}}\frac{x_{i_a}}{r^2}T_{i_1\mathrm{}i_{a1}ii_{a+1}\mathrm{}i_s}(x),$$
$`(A1.4)`$
where $`_r=/r`$.

For any function $`F`$ on $`\mathrm{S}_n`$, the integral of $`F`$ on $`\mathrm{S}_n`$ is given by

$$_{\mathrm{S}_n}d^n\mathrm{vol}F=_{\mathrm{S}_n}r^n𝑑\mathrm{\Omega }_n(x)F(x)|_{r=\rho },$$
$`(A1.5)`$
where $`d\mathrm{\Omega }_n(x)`$ is the standard $`n`$ dimensional volume on $`\mathrm{S}_n`$ defined as usual by $`d^{n+1}x=r^ndrd\mathrm{\Omega }_n(x)`$.

Using the above integration formula, one can provide the space of rank $`s`$ tensor fields with a Hilbert space structure in obvious fashion.

Consider the rank $`s`$ tensor fields

$$Y_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_s}^{(s)}(x)=𝒴_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_s;j_1\mathrm{}j_k}^{(s)}r^kx_{j_1}\mathrm{}x_{j_k},$$
$`(A1.6)`$
where the $`𝒴_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_s;j_1\mathrm{}j_k}^{(s)}`$ are constants satisfying the following conditions:

$`i)`$$`𝒴_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_s;j_1\mathrm{}j_k}^{(s)}`$ is symmetric and traceless in $`i_1,\mathrm{},i_s`$;

$`ii)`$$`𝒴_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_s;j_1\mathrm{}j_k}^{(s)}`$ is symmetric and traceless in $`j_1,\mathrm{},j_k`$;

$`iii)`$the following relation holds

$$𝒴_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_{s1}\{i_s;j_1\mathrm{}j_k\}}^{(s)}=0,$$
$`(A1.7)`$
where $`\{\mathrm{}\}`$ denotes total symmetrization.

The index $`I`$ labels the different choices of the constants $`𝒴_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_s;j_1\mathrm{}j_k}^{(s)}`$. Note that $`Y_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_s}^{(s)}`$ is characterized by the non negative integer $`k`$, which may be thought of as a function of the label $`I`$. It can be shown that, if $`Y_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_s}^{(s)}0`$, then necessarily $`ks`$.

Then, the $`Y_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_s}^{(s)}`$ are symmetric traceless rank $`s`$ tensor fields on $`\mathrm{S}_n`$. Further, they are divergenceless (transversal):

$$_iY_{Iii_2\mathrm{}i_s}^{(s)}=0,$$
$`(A1.8)`$
Finally, the $`Y_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_s}^{(s)}`$ are eigenfields of the Laplacian:

$$_i_iY_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_s}^{(s)}=\frac{1}{r^2}[(k(k+n1)s]Y_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_s}^{(s)}.$$
$`(A1.9)`$
If, for fixed $`s`$, we choose a maximal set of constants $`𝒴_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_s;j_1\mathrm{}j_k}^{(s)}`$ such that

$$𝒴_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_s;j_1\mathrm{}j_k}^{(s)}𝒴_{Ji_1\mathrm{}i_s;j_1\mathrm{}j_k}^{(s)}=\delta _{IJ}$$
$`(A1.10)`$
for all $`k`$, then, the tensor fields $`\{Y_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_s}^{(s)}|I\}`$ provide an orthogonal basis of the space of divergenceless symmetric traceless rank $`s`$ tensor fields on $`\mathrm{S}_n`$.

In concrete applications, one has to compute the integrals of scalars formed by contraction of several tensor spherical harmonics $`Y^{(s_{\mathrm{}})}`$ and their covariant derivatives. This can be done by a systematic use of the formula

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill _{S^n}r^n𝑑\mathrm{\Omega }_n(x)r^{2m}x^{i_1}\mathrm{}x^{i_{2m}}|_{r=\rho }& =\rho ^n\omega _n\frac{(n1)!!}{(2m+n1)!!}\hfill & \\ & \times (\text{all possible Wick contractions}),\hfill & (A1.11)\hfill \end{array}$$

where “all possible Wick contractions” are given by the sum of $`(2m1)!!`$ terms obtained by using $`r^2x^ix^j=\delta ^{ij}`$ as elementary Wick contraction and $`\omega _n`$ is the volume of the unit sphere

$$\omega _n=\frac{2\pi ^{\frac{n+1}{2}}}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{n+1}{2})}.$$
$`(A1.12)`$
The results are always expressible in terms of suitable contractions of the coefficients $`𝒴_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_s_{\mathrm{}};j_1\mathrm{}j_k_{\mathrm{}}}^{(s_{\mathrm{}})}`$ generically denoted as $`_{\mathrm{}}𝒴_I_{\mathrm{}}^{(s_{\mathrm{}})}`$ and certain numerical functions of the $`k_{\mathrm{}}`$.

For two and three tensor spherical harmonics, the only such functions are

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill z_I& =\omega _n\frac{(n1)!!k!}{(2k+n1)!!},\hfill & (A1.13)\hfill \\ \hfill a_{I_1I_2I_3}& =\omega _n\frac{(n1)!!}{(2\alpha +n1)!!}\frac{k_1!k_2!k_3!}{\alpha _1!\alpha _2!\alpha _3!}.\hfill & (A1.14)\hfill \end{array}$$

where

$$\alpha _1=\frac{1}{2}(k_2+k_3k_1),\alpha _2=\frac{1}{2}(k_3+k_1k_2),\alpha _3=\frac{1}{2}(k_1+k_2k_3),$$
$`(A1.15a)`$
$$\alpha =\frac{1}{2}(k_1+k_2+k_3).$$
$`(A1.15b)`$
In this paper, $`\rho =\overline{e}^1`$. Further, we consider only $`s=0,2`$. We set $`𝒞_{I;j_1\mathrm{}j_k}=𝒴_{I;j_1\mathrm{}j_k}^{(0)}`$ and $`𝒯_{Ii_1i_2;j_1\mathrm{}j_k}=𝒴_{Ii_1i_2;j_1\mathrm{}j_k}^{(2)}`$.

The main contractions are the following. $`𝒞_{I_1}𝒞_{I_2}𝒞_{I_3}`$ denotes the unique $`SO(n+1)`$ scalar contraction of three tensors $`𝒞_{Ii_1\mathrm{}i_k}`$ and in a similar fashion we define

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill 𝒯_{I_1}𝒞_{I_2}𝒞_{I_3}& =𝒯_{I_1ab}𝒞_{I_2;a}𝒞_{I_3;b}\hfill & (A1.16a)\hfill \\ \hfill 𝒯_{I_1}𝒯_{I_2}𝒞_{I_3}& =𝒯_{I_1ab}𝒯_{I_2ab}𝒞_{I_3}\hfill & (A1.16b)\hfill \\ \hfill 𝒯_{I_1}𝒯_{I_2}𝒯_{I_3}& =4𝒯_{I_1ab}𝒯_{I_2bc}𝒯_{I_3ca}\hfill & \\ & +\underset{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{p}.123}{}\alpha _1\left(2𝒯_{I_1ab}𝒯_{I_2ac;d}𝒯_{I_3bd;c}+𝒯_{I_1ab}𝒯_{I_2cd;a}𝒯_{I_3cd;b}\right)\hfill & (A1.16c)\hfill \end{array}$$

where on the right hand side one takes the unique contraction of the hidden indices, and where the notation $`\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{p}.123`$ stands for cyclic permutations of $`123`$.

A2. Auxiliary functions

Here is the complete list of the auxiliary functions $`F`$ appearing in $`(2.4a)(2.4j)`$.

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill F^{fss}& =(D2)\alpha _2\alpha _3\hfill & (A2.1a)\hfill \\ \hfill F^{ftt}& =(D2)\alpha _2\alpha _3\hfill & (A2.1b)\hfill \\ \hfill F^{fst}& =(D2)\alpha _1(\alpha +1+p)\hfill & (A2.1c)\hfill \\ \hfill F^{sss}& =(1+p)(D3p)(\alpha _1{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{2}^{}+\alpha _2{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{1}^{}+\alpha _2{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{3}^{}+\alpha _3{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{2}^{}+\alpha _3{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{1}^{}+\alpha _1{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{3}^{})\hfill & \\ & +(3D8+(2D8)p2p^2)\alpha _1\alpha _2\alpha _3\hfill & \\ & +(1+p)(\frac{1}{2}D+2+p)(\alpha _1\alpha _2+\alpha _2\alpha _3+\alpha _3\alpha _1)\hfill & (A2.1d)\hfill \\ \hfill F^{sst}& =(1+p)(D3p)(\alpha _1{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{3}^{}+\alpha _3{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{1}^{}+\alpha _2{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{3}^{}+\alpha _3{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{2}^{})\hfill & \\ & +(1+(D4)pp^2)(\alpha _1{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{2}^{}+\alpha _2{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{1}^{})\hfill & \\ & +(D4+(2D8)p2p^2)\alpha _1\alpha _2\alpha _3\hfill & \\ & +(1+p)p(D3p)(\alpha _1\alpha _3+\alpha _2\alpha _3)\hfill & \\ & +(1+p)(D+2+(D3)pp^2)\alpha _1\alpha _2\hfill & \\ & +(1+p)(D3p)(\alpha _1{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _2{}_{}{}^{2}+(1+p)\alpha _3{}_{}{}^{2})\hfill & \\ & +(1+p)^2(D+3+p)(\alpha _1+\alpha _2+\alpha _3)\hfill & (A2.1e)\hfill \\ \hfill F^{tts}& =(1+p)(D3p)(\alpha _1{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{3}^{}+\alpha _3{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{1}^{}+\alpha _2{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{3}^{}+\alpha _3{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{2}^{})\hfill & \\ & +(1+(D4)pp^2)(\alpha _1{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{2}^{}+\alpha _2{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{1}^{})\hfill & \\ & +(D4+(2D8)p2p^2)\alpha _1\alpha _2\alpha _3\hfill & \\ & +(1+p)(\frac{5}{2}D8+(2D9)p2p^2)(\alpha _1\alpha _3+\alpha _2\alpha _3)\hfill & \\ & +(1+p)(\frac{3}{2}D6+(2D9)p2p^2)\alpha _1\alpha _2\hfill & \\ & +(1+p)(\frac{3}{2}D5+(D5)pp^2)(\alpha _1{}_{}{}^{2}+\alpha _2{}_{}{}^{2})\hfill & \\ & +(1+p)^2(\frac{3}{2}D5+(D5)pp^2)(\alpha _1+\alpha _2)\hfill & (A2.1f)\hfill \\ \hfill F^{ttt}& =(1+p)(D3p)(\alpha _1{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{2}^{}+\alpha _2{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{1}^{}+\alpha _2{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{3}^{}+\alpha _3{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{2}^{}+\alpha _3{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{1}^{}+\alpha _1{}_{}{}^{2}\alpha _{3}^{})\hfill & \\ & +(3D8+(2D8)p2p^2)\alpha _1\alpha _2\alpha _3\hfill & \\ & +(1+p)(4D13+(3D14)p3p^2)(\alpha _1\alpha _2+\alpha _2\alpha _3+\alpha _3\alpha _1)\hfill & \\ & +(1+p)^2(D\frac{7}{2}p)(\alpha _1{}_{}{}^{2}+\alpha _2{}_{}{}^{2}+\alpha _3{}_{}{}^{2})\hfill & \\ & +(1+p)^2(3D11+(2D\frac{21}{2})p2p^2)(\alpha _1+\alpha _2+\alpha _3)\hfill & \\ & +(2+p)(1+p)^3(D4p)\hfill & (A2.1g)\hfill \end{array}$$

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# Renormalization group approach to nonextensive statistical mechanics

## Abstract

We analyze a simple classical Hamiltonian system within the hypothesis of renormalizability and isotropy that essentially led Maxwell to his ubiquitous Gaussian distribution of velocities. We show that the equilibrium-like power-law energy distribution emerging within nonextensive statistical mechanics satisfies these hypothesis, in spite of not being factorizable. A physically satisfactory renormalization group emerges in the $`(q,T_q)`$ space, where $`q`$ and $`T_q`$ respectively are the entropic index characterizing nonextensivity, and an appropriate temperature. This scenario enables the conjectural formulation of the one to be expected for $`d`$-dimensional systems involving long-range interactions (e.g., a classical two-body potential $`r^\alpha `$ with $`0\alpha /d1`$). As a corollary, we recover a quite general expression for the classical principle of equipartition of energy for arbitrary $`q`$.

If we allow ourselves to use a contemporary vocabulary, we may say that the essential hypothesis that led James Clerk Maxwell to the classical distribution of velocities that is named after him were two, namely renormalizability and isotropy. Let us be more specific. If we have the one- and two-degrees-of-freedom (hamiltonian-like) quantities $`h^{}(x;a^{})=a^{}|x|^z`$ and $`h(x,y;a,b)=a|x|^z+b|y|^z`$, is there any function $`f(h)`$ such that exact renormalization occurs upon reducing the degree of freedom $`y`$? More explicitly, is there any $`f(h)`$ such that $`_{\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{}}𝑑yf(h)f(h^{})`$? It is well known that Maxwell thought of the exponential form, i.e., $`f(h)=exp(h)`$. Isotropy of course fixed $`z=2`$ (consistently with Newtonian mechanics). The fact that factorization occurs (i.e., $`f(h(x,y;a,b))=f(h^{}(x;a))f(h^{}(y;b))`$) can be considered, from the present viewpoint, as a simplifying aside consequence. Incidentally, it is worthy to note that, at Maxwell’s time, his arguments constituted a breakthrough; indeed, the distribution of velocities occasionally employed at that time was flat within some interval, and zero outside.

At this stage, let us point out that the exponential function is but the $`q=1`$ member of an entire family of functions, namely the $`q`$-exponentials  $`f(h)=exp_q(h)[1(1q)h]^{\frac{1}{1q}}`$ which, for a continuous range of values of $`q`$, are renormalizable, and which also can satisfy isotropy. Let us more precisely define the $`q`$-exponential function:

$$e_q^t[1+(1q)t]^{\frac{1}{1q}}(t;q).$$
(1)
For $`q<1`$, the $`q`$-exponential function vanishes for $`t1/(1q)`$ and continuous and monotonically increases from $`0`$ to $`\mathrm{}`$ when $`t`$ increases from $`1/(1q)`$ to $`\mathrm{}`$. For $`q>1`$, the $`q`$-exponential function continuous and monotonically increases from $`0`$ to $`\mathrm{}`$ when $`t`$ increases from $`\mathrm{}`$ to $`1/(q1)`$, remaining divergent for $`t>1/(q1)`$. We easily verify that $`e_1^tlim_{q1+0}e_q^t=lim_{q10}e_q^t=e^t(t)`$.

Let us now illustrate, for a simple case, the above mentioned renormalizability:

$`{\displaystyle _{\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{}}}`$ $`dx_2`$ $`exp_q(a_1|x_1|^{z_1}a_2|x_2|^{z_2})`$ (2)
$`=`$ $`A_2exp_q^{}(a_1^{}|x_1|^{z_1})(a_1,a_2,z_1,z_2>0)`$ (3)
where

$$\frac{1}{1q^{}}=\frac{1}{1q}+\frac{1}{z_2},$$
(4)
$$a_1^{}(1q^{})=a_1(1q)$$
(5)
and

$`A_2`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle _{\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{}}}𝑑\xi exp_q(a_2|\xi |^{z_2})={\displaystyle \frac{2\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(1+\frac{1}{z_2}\right)}{a_2^{1/z_2}}}`$ (7)
$`\times \{\begin{array}{cc}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(1+\frac{1}{1q}\right)}{(1q)^{1/z_2}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(1+\frac{1}{z_2}+\frac{1}{1q}\right)}& \text{for}q<1\\ 1& \text{for}q=1\\ \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{1}{q1}\frac{1}{z_2}\right)}{(q1)^{1/z_2}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{1}{q1}\right)}& \text{for}q>1\end{array}`$
This type of renormalization remains exact for the following $`N`$-degrees-of-freedom dimensionless Hamiltonian:

$$h_N(\{x_i\};\{a_i\})=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{}}a_i|x_i|^{z_i}$$
(8)
We straightforwardly verify that

$`{\displaystyle _{\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{}}}`$ $`dx_N`$ $`exp_q(h_N(\{x_i\};\{a_i\}))`$ (9)
$`=`$ $`A_Nexp_q^{}(h_{N1}(\{x_i\};\{a_i^{}\})),`$ (10)
where $`q^{}`$ and $`A_N`$ are respectively given by Eqs. (3) and (5), with $`z_N`$ and $`a_N`$ replacing $`z_2`$ and $`a_2`$. Eq. (4) is generalized into $`a_i^{}(1q^{})=a_i(1q)(i=1,\mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}2},\mathrm{},N1)`$. It is clear that there is no major difficulty in reducing, at every step, more than one degree of freedom. Hamiltonian (6) with $`z_i=2(i)`$ corresponds, of course, to $`N`$ free particles in one dimension, or $`N/d`$ particles in $`d`$ dimensions; isotropy is automatically satisfied in such cases. Also, with $`z_i=2`$ for $`N/2`$ degrees of freedom and $`z_i=z`$ for the other $`N/2`$ degrees of freedom, it corresponds to $`N/2`$ one-dimensional anharmonic oscillators.

Let us now make the junction of the above renormalizability ideas with the nonextensive statistical mechanics introduced a decade ago , further implemented in  and applied in a considerable variety of systems, such as Levy  and correlated  anomalous diffusions, peculiar velocities in spiral galaxies , turbulence in electron plasma, fully developed turbulence , citations of scientific papers , reassociation in folded proteins , quantum entanglement , and others (for recent reviews, see ). To be more precise, this formalism addresses systems which, in one way or another, exhibit spatial and/or temporal long-range interactions, multifractal structures, dissipation, and related anomalies. The basic formal standpoint for thermal equilibrium (or equilibrium-like stationary states) consists in optimizing, under appropriate constraints, the entropic form $`S_q=[1_ip_i^q]/[q1]`$ ($`q;\{p_i\}`$ is the set of probabilities associated with the microscopic states). In particular, for the canonical ensemble, the constraints are  $`_ip_i=1`$ and $`_iP_iE_i=U_q`$ ($`\{E_i\}`$ is the set of the energies of the microscopic states), where $`P_i=p_i^q/_jp_j^q`$. It is clear that the $`q1`$ limit reproduces the standard Boltzmann-Gibbs recipe; in particular $`S_1=_ip_i\mathrm{ln}p_i`$ (we are using $`k_B=1`$). Also, if $`A`$ and $`B`$ are two probabilistically independent systems, we have that $`S_q(A+B)=S_q(A)+S_q(B)+(1q)S_q(A)S_q(B)`$, hence $`q=1,>1,<1`$ respectively correspond to extensive, subextensive and superextensive systems.

Optimization for arbitrary $`q`$ straightforwardly leads  to

$$p_i=\frac{exp_q((E_iU_q)/T_q)}{\overline{Z}_q},$$
(11)
where $`\overline{Z}_q=_jexp_q((E_jU_q)/T_q)`$ with $`T_qT_jp_j^q`$, $`1/T\beta `$ being the Lagrange parameter associated with the energy constraint. As we see, the similarities with Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics are quite striking. For instance, it can be verified that $`1/T=S_q/U_q`$. Also, systematically, the function $`e_q^t`$ and its inverse $`\mathrm{ln}_qt(t^{1q}1)/(1q)`$ play the usual roles of the exponential and logarithm ones. In particular, $`F_qU_qTS_q=T\mathrm{ln}_qZ_q`$ and $`U_q=(\mathrm{ln}_qZ_q)/\beta `$, where $`Z_q`$ is defined through $`\mathrm{ln}_qZ_q=\mathrm{ln}_q\overline{Z}_q\beta U_q`$.

The application of this formalism to the classical Hamiltonian (6) yields

$`\overline{Z}_q`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle d^N𝐱exp_q((h_N(\{x_i\};\{a_i\})U_q)/T_q)}`$ (12)
$`=`$ $`I_{q,\{\frac{a_i}{\tau _q}\}}exp_q(U_q/T_q),`$ (13)
where $`\tau _q\left[1+(1q)U_q/T_q\right]T_q`$ and $`I_{q,\{b_i\}}d^N𝐱exp_q(h_N(\{x_i\};\{b_i\}))`$ is easily, though tediously, calculated from the recursive application of Eqs. (2-5). Analogously we obtain

$`\stackrel{~}{Z}_q`$ $``$ $`{\displaystyle d^N𝐱\left[exp_q((h_N(\{x_i\};\{a_i\})U_q)/T_q)\right]^q}`$ (14)
$`=`$ $`I_{\stackrel{~}{q},\{\frac{qa_i}{\tau _q}\}}[exp_q(U_q/T_q)]^q,`$ (15)
where $`\stackrel{~}{q}21/q`$. By using the identity  $`\overline{Z}_q=\stackrel{~}{Z}_q`$ we can solve the present set of implicit equations. It follows the generalized classical equipartition principle (see also )

$$U_q=\left[\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{}}\frac{1}{z_i}\right]T_q.$$
(16)
Consequently $`\tau _q=\left[1+(1q)_{i=1}^Nz_i^1\right]T_q`$ . It is kind of remarkable that such a strongly Boltzmann-Gibbs-like equality as Eq. (11) does hold, in spite of the fact that the involved distributions are not factorizable.

Finally we must focus on the probability distributions: $`P_q^{(N)}\left(p_q^{(N)}\right)^qexp_{\stackrel{~}{q}}\left(\frac{qh_N}{\tau _q}\right)`$. Then, by reducing one degree of freedom (as done in Eqs. (2-5)), we obtain

$`P_q^{(N1)}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle 𝑑x_NP_q^{(N)}}`$ (17)
$``$ $`exp_{(21/q^{})}\left(qh_{N1}(\left\{x_i\right\};\left\{a_i/\tau _q^{}\right\})\right).`$ (18)
Consequently, by considering $`z_i=z(i)`$ we obtain

$$q^{}=\frac{1q+qz}{1q+z}$$
(19)
and

$$T_q^{}=\left(\frac{qz}{1q+qz}\right)T_q,$$
(20)
where we have used the fact that $`T_q\tau _q`$ with a proportionality coefficient which preserves, as easily verifible, the initial value of $`q`$, and not the renormalized one. The results corresponding to say N anharmonic oscillators are completely analogous.

The recurrence for $`q`$ has only one (double) fixed point, namely $`q=1`$. This point locally is an inflexion one, but globally is an attractor (like the tangent bifurcation of the logistic map at the entrance of the cycle-3 window): see Fig. 1. In other words, Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics is, as well expected, the correct one for the independent-particle system we have focused on here. We also verify that (i) $`T_q=0`$ is an invariant subspace of the renormalization group; (ii) there is no $`T_q`$-flow at the $`q=1`$ subspace, and (iii) Eq. (14) is invariant through the transformation $`T_q\lambda T_q`$ ($`\lambda >0`$) (which means that, without loss of generality, we can always start the recurrence with say $`T_q=1`$). A typical two-dimensional flow is shown in Fig. 2. Before going on, let us mention that, if we start the recurrence with $`0<q<1`$, the flow in the $`q,T_q`$ space is smooth and monotonic ($`q`$ approaches unity, and $`T_q`$ approaches zero). If we start with $`q`$ not much larger than unity, the flow is smooth and monotonic (both $`q`$ and $`T_q`$ increase) as long as the iterations provide $`q`$-images not exceeding $`1+z`$ (divergence of $`q^{}`$ in Eq. (13)). After that, the behavior becomes physically meaningless. Indeed, the $`q`$-image is quickly sent to quite negative values, then approaching $`q=1`$ from below. Concomitantly, $`T_q`$ changes sign, and approaches zero from below. This mathematical artifact is easy to understand; indeed, the integrals involved in the renormalization are not defined for $`q1+z`$.

Since the renormalization takes $`N`$ into $`N1`$, all fixed points necessarily correspond to the thermodynamic limit $`N\mathrm{}`$. The same type of flow is expected to correspond to any (classical or quantum) system with noninteracting elements. If there are collective short-range interactions (e.g., a classical $`d`$-dimensional fluid with two-body interactions decaying as $`r^\alpha `$, or an Ising ferromagnet with coupling constant decaying as $`r^\alpha `$, with $`\alpha >d`$), we still expect $`q=1`$ to be the unique (globally attractive) fixed point, but on the $`q=1`$ invariant subspace there might be a finite $`T_q`$ unstable fixed point, $`T_q=0`$ and $`T_q\mathrm{}`$ being stable fixed points, respectively corresponding to the ordered and disordered phases. However, if the interactions are long-range ones, we expect the double fixed point $`q=1`$ to split into two fixed points, namely a globally attractive one at $`q=1`$, and a globally repulsive one at $`q^{}>1`$, whose value should depend on $`(\alpha ,d)`$ (naturally, $`q^{}`$ is expected to continuously approach unity when $`\alpha /d1`$). See Fig. 3. A clarification is needed: why we rather expect $`q^{}>1`$ and not $`q^{}<1`$? This comes from an everyday increasing evidence in a variety of nonextensive systems (electron-positron annihilation , quark-gluon plasma , granular matter , cosmology , $`d=1`$ system of inertial classical planar rotators ferromagnetically coupled at long distances , among others), where the Boltzmann exponential distribution of energies is replaced by a long-tailed power-law, and this precisely is what occurs for $`q>1`$ (see Eq. (8)). One more clarification is needed: why we rather expect the $`q=1`$ fixed point, and not the $`q1`$ one, to be the (globally) attractive one? Once again, this comes from increasing evidence  that the Boltzmann regime is the ultimately stable one for any finite-size system (it corresponds to the $`lim_N\mathrm{}lim_t\mathrm{}`$), whereas the nonextensive regime (i.e., $`q1`$) emerges in the $`lim_t\mathrm{}lim_N\mathrm{}`$ ordering (see also Fig. 4 of ). Moreover, the present conjecture is consistent with the topology recently found in  for anomalous diffusion, namely a stable fixed point at $`q=1`$ and an unstable one at $`q=2`$.

Summarizing, we have shown that the renormalizability and isotropy principles which guided Maxwell arguments in establishing his celebrated Gaussian distribution of velocities is not a privilege of the exponential function, but it is shared by an entire power-law family of functions (the $`q`$-exponentials), which includes the standard exponential as the $`q=1`$ limiting case. This provides a remarkable bridge with nonextensive statistical mechanics, where precisely the $`q`$-exponentials play a central role (just as the exponential does within Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics). This observation straightforwardly enabled the establishment of the $`q`$-generalized classical principle of equipartition of energies. It also enabled the formulation of an exact renormalization group in the ($`q`$, temperature)- space, which shows that the globally stable fixed point $`q=1`$ (i.e., Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics) is a double one. This allowed the conjecture that, for systems including long-range interactions, this fixed point splits into two, one of them ($`q=1`$) remaining globally stable, and the other one (presumably $`q>1`$) being globally unstable. This situation respectively reflects the fact that the extensive or nonextensive thermostatistical are to be observed in the limits where the first to achieve infinity is the time or the size.

One of us (RSM) acknowledges S. Matteson and P. Grigolini for warm hospitality at the Department of Physics/UNT.