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# Untitled Document

Gerbes of chiral differential operators. II

Vassily Gorbounov, Fyodor Malikov, Vadim Schechtman

Contents

Introduction

§0. Recollections and notation

§1. Vertex algebroids

§2. From vertex algebras to vertex algebroids

§3. Category of vertex algebroids

§4. Cofibered structure

§5. Chern-Simons

§6. Atiyah

§7. Gerbes of vertex algebroids

§8. Vertex envelope of a conformal algebra

§9. Enveloping algebra of a vertex algebroid

References

Introdution

The aim of this paper is a study of certain class of chiral (vertex) algebras which we call chiral algebras of differential operators.

I.0. To explain this notion, let us take up a ”naive” approach to vertex algebras. Let us fix (in this Introduction) a ground field $`k`$ of characteristic $`0`$. Recall (cf. \[K\]) that a $`_0`$-graded vertex algebra is a $`_0`$-graded $`k`$-vector space $`V=_{i0}V_i`$ equipped with a distinguished vacuum vector $`\text{1}V_0`$ and a family of bilinear operations

$${}_{(n)}{}^{}:V_kVV,xyx_{(n)}y,$$

$`(n)`$, the operation (n) having the degree $`n1`$, that is, $`V_{i(n)}V_jV_{i+jn1}`$ where by definition $`V_i=0`$ for $`i<0`$. These operations must satisfy a family of quadratic Borcherds identities. Throughout this paper we shall deal only with $`_0`$-graded vertex algebras, so we shall omit the words ”$`_0`$-graded” when speaking about them.

Note that in particular the operation (-1) has degree $`0`$. It is neither commutative nor associative in general.

We are interested in a question: what structure on the subspace $`V_1:=V_0V_1`$ is induced by the structure of a vertex algebra on $`V`$?

The claims in italics below are easily proved using the Borcherds identities, see the main body of the paper.

First of all, $`V_0`$ is a commutative associative $`k`$-algebra with unit 1 with respect to (-1). Let us denote this algebra by $`A`$, and the operation $`a_{(1)}b`$ on it by $`ab`$. Note that for each $`i`$ the operation (-1) gives a mapping

$$AV_iV_i,$$
$`(I1)`$
to be denoted $`ax`$, but this mapping does not make $`V_i`$ an $`A`$-module since the associativity $`abx=(ab)x`$ is not satisfied in general.

We have a mapping $`:V_iV_{i+1}`$ defined by $`x=x_{(2)}\text{1}`$. Let us denote by $`\mathrm{\Omega }V_1`$ a $`k`$-subspace generated by all elements $`ab,a,bA`$. The operation (I1) makes $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ an $`A`$-module (i.e. the associativity holds true on this subspace) and $`:A\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is a derivation.

Let $`T`$ be the quotient space $`V_1/\mathrm{\Omega }`$. The operation (I1) induces the structure of an $`A`$-module on $`T`$ and operation (0) induces a structure of a Lie algebra on $`T`$ and an action of $`T`$ on $`A`$ by derivations. These structures are compatible: they make $`T`$ a Lie algebroid (see 0.2) over $`A`$.

The operation (0) induces an action of $`T`$ on $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ which makes $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ a module over the Lie algebra $`T`$, and $``$ is a morphism of $`T`$-modules.

The operation (1) induces an $`A`$-bilinear pairing $`T\mathrm{\Omega }A`$ which is a morphism of $`T`$-modules.

Let us choose a splitting

$$s:TV_1$$
$`(I2)`$
of the canonical projection $`\pi :V_1T`$. Define a mapping $`\gamma :A\times T\mathrm{\Omega }`$ by $`\gamma (a,\tau )=s(a\tau )as(\tau )`$. Define a symmetric mapping $`,:T\times TA`$ by $`\tau ,\tau ^{}=s(\tau )_{(1)}s(\tau ^{})`$. Finally, define a skew symmetric operation $`c:T\times T\mathrm{\Omega }`$ by $`c(\tau ,\tau ^{})=s([\tau ,\tau ^{}])[s(\tau ),s(\tau ^{})]`$ where we set $`[x,y]:=\frac{1}{2}(x_{(0)}yy_{(0)}x)`$.

These three operations, $`\gamma ,,`$ and $`c`$, satisfy certain compatibilities, listed below in 1.3, (A1) — (A5).

Thus, we have assigned to a vertex algebra $`V`$ (with a splitting (I2)) a collection of data $`𝒜=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,\gamma ,,,c)`$ as above satisfying properties (A1) — (A5). We call such collection of data a vertex algebroid which is a central hero of our story.

The above procedure gives a functor form the category of vertex algebras to the (appropriately defined) category of vertex algebroids. This functor admits a left adjoint $`U`$, called vertex envelope. A vertex algebra of the form $`U𝒜`$ is called a chiral algebra of differential operators.

I.2. Let $`X`$ be a smooth algebraic variety over $`k`$, $`UX`$ an affine Zariski open subset, $`A=𝒪(U)`$. Let us consider the class of vertex algebroids of the form $`𝒜=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,\mathrm{})`$ with $`T=Der_k(A),\mathrm{\Omega }=\mathrm{\Omega }_k^1(A),=d_{DR}`$ — the usual de Rham differential, and with the standard action of $`T`$ on $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ by the Lie derivative.

Such vertex algebroids (with suitably defined morphisms) form a groupoid (i.e. a category where all morphisms are invertible) $`𝒜lg(A)`$. This category is nonempty if there exists an $`A`$-base of $`T`$ consisting of commuting vector fields.

This groupoid has a remarkable additional structure. To describe this structure, let us define another groupoid $`\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(A)`$ as follows. By definition, its objects will be all closed $`3`$-forms on $`A`$. If $`\omega ,\omega ^{}`$ are two such $`3`$-forms, the set of morphisms between them is defined as

$$Hom_{\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(A)}(\omega ,\omega ^{})=\{\eta \mathrm{\Omega }_{A/k}^2|d_{DR}\eta =\omega ^{}\omega \}$$

The compostion is defined in the obvious way. The addition of $`3`$-forms induces a functor

$$\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(A)\times \mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(A)\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(A)$$

which makes $`\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(A)`$ an Abelian group in categories.

The first main result of this paper is

Theorem I1. The groupoid $`𝒜lg(A)`$ admits a canonical structure of a $`\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(A)`$-Torseur.

This is Theorem 7.2 of the paper. It means that one has a functor

$$\stackrel{}{+}:𝒜lg(A)\times \mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(A)𝒜lg(A),(𝒜,\omega )𝒜\stackrel{}{+}\omega $$

which defines an Action of the Abelian group $`\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(A)`$ on $`𝒜lg(A)`$, such that for each $`𝒜𝒪b𝒜lg(A)`$ the induced functor

$$𝒜\stackrel{}{+}\mathrm{?}:\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(A)𝒜lg(A)$$

is an equivalence of categories.

I.3. Sheafifying the previous construction one gets a sheaf of groupoids, i.e. gerbe $`𝒜lg_X`$ over $`X`$, with the lien $`\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{[2,3}:=\mathrm{\Omega }_X^2\mathrm{\Omega }^{3,closed}`$ (a short complex of sheaves over $`X`$, with $`\mathrm{\Omega }_X^2`$ sitting in degree $`0`$).

By a simple general homological construction (see 7.3), this gerbe gives rise to a characteristic class

$$c(𝒜lg_X)H^2(X;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{[2,3})$$

with the following property.

The groupoid of global sections $`𝒜lg_X(X)`$ is nonempty iff $`c(𝒜lg_X)=0`$. If this is the case then its set of connected components is a nonempty $`H^1(X;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{[2,3})`$-torseur and the group of automorphisms of its object is isomorphic to $`H^0(X;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{[2,3})`$.

Our next aim is to calculate the class $`c(𝒜lg_X)`$. One shows (see Theorem 7.10) that it essentially coincides with the second component of the Chern character of the tangent bundle $`𝒯_X`$. Let us describe an ”explicit formula” for it.

Let $`E`$ be an arbitrary finite dimensional vector bundle over $`X`$, given by a Cech cocycle $`(g_{ij})Z^1(𝒰;GL_r(𝒪_X))`$ on a Zariski open covering $`𝒰=\{U_i\}`$ of $`X`$. Define a Cech two-cocycle $`ch_2(E)Z^2(𝒰;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{[2,3})`$ by

$$ch_2(E)=(\frac{1}{2}tr(g_{ij}^1g_{jk}^1dg_{jk}dg_{ij}),\frac{1}{6}tr((g_{ij}^1dg_{ij})^3))$$
$`(ACS)`$
This class may be called the ”Atiyah-Chern-Simons class” of $`E`$. Its first component, $`\alpha (E)`$, is an element of $`Z^2(𝒰;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^2)`$ which is the usual ”Atiyah” representative of the degree $`2`$ part of the Chern character of $`E`$ ”style Hodge” living in $`H^2(X;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^2)`$, while the second component, $`\beta (E)`$ (”Chern-Simons”), is a Cech $`1`$-cochain with coefficients in $`\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{3,closed}`$. The de Rham differential of $`\alpha (E)`$ is equal to the Cech coboundary of $`\beta (E)`$. One checks that the cohomology class of (ACS) does not depend on the choice of trivialization of $`E`$.

Our second main result (Theorem 7.5) is

Theorem I.2. The class $`c(𝒜lg)`$ is equal to (the cohomology class of) $`2ch_2(𝒯_X)`$.

I.4. Our third main topic is an explicit construction of the enveloping algebra $`U𝒜`$ of a vertex algebroid $`𝒜`$ and ”Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt” type theorem for it. Let us formulate the last theorem (see Theorem 9.18).

Theorem I.3. Each sheaf of algebras of chiral differential operators $`𝒟=U𝒜,𝒜𝒜lg_X(X)`$ admits a canonical filtration $`F`$, compatible with the conformal grading and finite on each component of fixed conformal weight, such that the corresponding graded algebra (which is a sheaf of $`_0`$-graded commutative vertex algebras) is

$$gr_F(𝒟)=Sym_{𝒪_X}\left\{(_{i1}𝒯^{(i)})(_{i1}\mathrm{\Omega }^{(i)})\right\}$$

where $`𝒯^{(i)}`$ (resp. $`\mathrm{\Omega }^{(i)}`$) is a copy of $`𝒯_X`$ (resp. of $`\mathrm{\Omega }_X^1`$) living in conformal weight $`i`$.

As a preparation to this theorem, we study in Section 8 the vertex envelope $`UC`$ of an arbitrary conformal algebra $`C`$. Although its construction is more or less contained in Kac’s book \[K\], we present here in a sense more direct construction of $`C`$, maybe of independent interest. Note in particular an amusing Lie bracket (8.21.1) which is defined on an arbitrary conformal algebra.

In the hope of possible arithmetical applications, we adopted in this paper a ”characteristic free” approach to vertex algebras. Contrary to this Introduction (and to the tradition), in the main body of this work the ground ring will be an arbitrary commutative ring containing $`1/2`$ (with one exception: the PBW theorem 9.18). This generalization is achieved without great effort. Note that the original Borcherds’ definition of vertex algebras was characteristic-free.

I.4. This paper may be regarded as an ”algebraic” version of our last note \[GMS\] where we worked in the analytical category. However, the approach adopted here is quite different from op. cit. (cf. also \[MSV\] and \[MS\]).

During the preparation of this work we have enourmously benefited from the discussions and correspondence with Sasha Beilinson. He was the first to suggest (by analogy with the classical picture, \[BB\]) that in the algebraic category the situation is more subtle than in the analytical one. He has sent us a note \[BD1\] where similar questions are treated from a different point of view. In a sense, a great part of this work is a result of the attempts to understand this note (which still remains mysterious for us). For the details on Beilinson-Drinfeld approach, see \[BD2\], 3.8.

Another special gratitude goes to Hélène Esnault. She has found a mistake in the previous formulation of our main result whose correction lead to the discovery of the class (ACS), and greatly helped in some computations. Theorem 7.10 was obtained in collaboraion with her.

This work was mostly done while V.S. visited IHES. He is grateful to this institute for the support and excellent working conditions.

§ 0. Recollections and Notation

0.0. Throughout this paper, a commutative ring (algebra) will mean a commutative associative ring (algebra) with unit.

$`k`$ will denote a fixed ground commutative ring. We will often assume that $`1/2k`$; we will indicate this assumption when necessary.

Algebra will mean a $`k`$-algebra; $``$ will mean the tensor product over $`k`$.

In a nonassociatve algebra, $`abc\mathrm{}`$ will mean $`a(b(c(\mathrm{}))\mathrm{})`$.

$`_0`$ will denote the set of nonnegative integers. The binomial coefficients are defined by

$$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a}{b}\right)=\frac{a(a1)\mathrm{}(ab+1)}{b!},a,b_0,$$
$`(\mathrm{0.0.1})`$
and $`0`$ if $`b<0`$. We have

$$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a1}{b}\right)=(1)^b\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a+b}{b}\right)$$
$`(\mathrm{0.0.2})`$
for all $`a0`$.

0.1. Let $`A`$ be a commutative algebra. The Lie algebra of $`k`$-derivations $`T_A:=Der_k(A,A)`$ acts on the $`A`$-module of Kähler $`1`$-differentials $`\mathrm{\Omega }_A^1:=\mathrm{\Omega }_{A/k}^1`$ according to the usual rule

$$\tau (adb)=\tau (a)db+ad\tau (b)$$
$`(\mathrm{0.1.1})`$
The de Rham differential $`d:A\mathrm{\Omega }_A^1`$ commutes with the $`T_A`$-action.

We have the canonical $`A`$-bilinear pairing

$$,:T_A\times \mathrm{\Omega }_A^1A,\tau ,adb=a\tau (b)$$
$`(\mathrm{0.1.2})`$
We have

$$\tau (a\omega )=\tau (a)\omega +a\tau (\omega )$$
$`(\mathrm{0.1.3})`$
$$(a\tau )(\omega )=a\tau (\omega )+\tau ,\omega da$$
$`(\mathrm{0.1.4})`$
$$\tau (\nu ,\omega )=[\tau ,\nu ],\omega +\nu ,\tau (\omega )$$
$`(\mathrm{0.1.5})`$
$$\tau ,da=\tau (a)$$
$`(\mathrm{0.1.6})`$
$`(aA,\tau ,\nu T_A,\omega \mathrm{\Omega }_A^1)`$. (Of course the last formula is a particular case of (0.1.2).)

0.2. A Lie $`A`$-algebroid is a Lie algebra $`T`$ acting by derivations on $`A`$ and equipped with a structure of an $`A`$-module, such that

$$[\tau ,a\nu ]=a[\tau ,\nu ]+\tau (a)\nu $$
$`(\mathrm{0.2.1})`$
and

$$(a\tau )(b)=a\tau (b)$$
$`(\mathrm{0.2.2})`$
for all $`\tau ,\nu T;a,bA`$.

0.2.1. Direct image (pushout). Let $`B`$ be a commutative $`A`$-algebra, $`i:AB`$ be the structure morphism and $`T`$ be an $`A`$-algebroid Lie. Assume that $`T`$, as a Lie algebra, acts on $`B`$ by derivations in such a way that $`i`$ is a morphism of $`T`$-modules and

$$(a\tau )(b)=a\tau (b)$$

$`(aA,bB,\tau T)`$.

Then the $`B`$-module $`T_B:=B_AT`$ admits a canonical structure of a $`B`$-algebroid Lie. Namely, the Lie bracket on $`T_B`$ is given by

$$[b_1\tau _1,b_2\tau _2]=b_1b_2[\tau _1,\tau _2]+\tau _1(b_2)b_1\tau _2\tau _2(b_1)b_2\tau _1$$
$`(\mathrm{0.2.1.1})`$
and the action of $`T_B`$ on $`B`$ is defined by

$$(b_1\tau )(b_2)=b_1\tau (b_2)$$
$`(\mathrm{0.2.1.2})`$
Vertex algebras

0.3. In his original paper, \[B\], Borcherds defined a vertex algebra over an arbitrary commutative ring. However, later most people preferred to work over the complex numbers. It is fairly obvious that all the general theorems of Kac’s book \[K\] are true over an arbitrary field of characteristic $`0`$. A little less obvious, but true, is that with a minor modification of the definitions, they remain true over an arbitrary commutative ring. Below we recall the definitions and results to be used in the sequel, and explain these modifications.

Throughout this work, we will deal only with $`_0`$-graded vertex algebras.

0.4. Definition. A $`_0`$-graded conformal algebra is a $`_0`$-graded $`k`$-module $`C=C_i`$, together with a family of endomorphisms

$$^{(j)}:CC,\text{of degree}j,j_0,$$

such that

$$^{(i)}^{(j)}=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i+j}{i}\right)^{(i+j)};^{(0)}=Id,$$
$`(\mathrm{0.4.1})`$
and a family of bilinear operations

$${}_{(n)}{}^{}:C\times CC,(a,b)a_{(n)}b,\text{of degree }n1,n_0,$$

such that

$$(^{(i)}a)_{(n)}b=(1)^i\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{i}\right)a_{(ni)}b$$
$`(\mathrm{0.4.2})`$
$$a_{(n)}b=(1)^{n+1}\underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}(1)^j^{(j)}(b_{(n+j)}a)$$
$`(\mathrm{0.4.3})`$
$$a_{(m)}b_{(n)}c=b_{(n)}a_{(m)}c+\underset{j=0}{\overset{m}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{j}\right)(a_{(j)}b)_{(m+nj)}c$$
$`(\mathrm{0.4.4})`$
for all $`a,b,cC;m,n,i_0`$.

Cf. \[K\], Definition 2.7b. In each conformal algebra we have the following identities:

$$(a_{(m)}b)_{(n)}c=\underset{j=0}{\overset{m}{}}(1)^j\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{j}\right)\{a_{(mj)}b_{(n+j)}c(1)^mb_{(m+nj)}a_{(j)}c\}$$
$`(\mathrm{0.4.5})`$
and

$$^{(j)}(a_{(n)}b)=\underset{p=0}{\overset{j}{}}^{(p)}a_{(n)}^{(jp)}b$$
$`(\mathrm{0.4.6})`$
We leave their direct proof to the reader. The proof of (0.4.5) uses only the axiom (0.4.4) (and (0.4.1)), and the proof of (0.4.6) uses the axioms (0.4.2) and (0.4.3).

We also have

$$a_{(n)}^{(j)}b=\underset{p=0}{\overset{j}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)^{(jp)}(a_{(np)}b)$$
$`(\mathrm{0.4.7})`$
This is proven by induction on $`j`$.

0.5. First Definition of a Vertex Algebra. A $`_0`$-graded vertex algebra is a $`_0`$-graded $`k`$-module $`V=V_i`$, equipped with a distinguished vector $`\text{1}V_0`$ (vacuum vector) and a family of bilinear operations

$${}_{(n)}{}^{}:V\times VV,(a,b)a_{(n)}b,\text{ of degree }n1,n,$$
$`(\mathrm{0.5.1})`$
such that

$$\text{1}_{(n)}a=\delta _{n,1}a;a_{(1)}\text{1}=a;a_{(n)}\text{1}=0\text{ if }n0,$$
$`(\mathrm{0.5.2})`$
and

$$\underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{j}\right)(a_{(n+j)}b)_{(m+lj)}c=$$

$$=\underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}(1)^j\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{j}\right)\left\{a_{(m+nj)}b_{(l+j)}c(1)^nb_{(n+lj)}a_{(m+j)}c\right\}$$
$`(\mathrm{0.5.3})`$
for all $`a,b,cV,m,n,l`$.

Cf. \[B\], Section 4, \[K\], Prop. 4.8. (b). The important particular case of (0.5.3) corresponds to $`m=0`$:

$$(a_{(n)}b)_{(l)}c=\underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}(1)^j\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{j}\right)\left\{a_{(nj)}b_{(l+j)}c(1)^nb_{(n+lj)}a_{(j)}c\right\}$$
$`(\mathrm{0.5.4})`$
cf. (0.4.5).

Set

$$^{(j)}a:=a_{(1j)}\text{1},j_0$$
$`(\mathrm{0.5.5})`$
This way we get endomorphisms $`^{(j)}`$ of $`V`$ of degree $`j`$. It follows from (0.5.2) that

$$^{(j)}\text{1}=\delta _{j,0}\text{1}$$
$`(\mathrm{0.5.6})`$
and

$$^{(0)}=Id$$
$`(\mathrm{0.5.7})`$
and (0.5.4) applied to $`b=c=\text{1}`$ gives

$$^{(i)}^{(j)}=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i+j}{i}\right)^{(i+j)}$$
$`(\mathrm{0.5.8})`$
We have the commutativity formula

$$a_{(n)}b=(1)^{n+1}\underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}(1)^j^{(j)}(b_{(n+j)}a)$$
$`(\mathrm{0.5.9})`$
for all $`a,bV,n`$. The proof will be given below, see the last paragraph of the next subsection.

One deduces from (0.5.4) that

$$(^{(j)}a)_{(n)}b=(1)^j\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{j}\right)a_{(nj)}b$$
$`(\mathrm{0.5.10})`$
and

$$^{(j)}(a_{(n)}b)=\underset{p=0}{\overset{j}{}}(^{(p)}a)_{(n)}^{(jp)}b$$
$`(\mathrm{0.5.11})`$
for all $`n`$. We have the Operator Product Expansion (OPE) formula,

$$[x_{(m)},y_{(n)}]=\underset{j0}{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{j}\right)(x_{(j)}y)_{(m+nj)}(m,n)$$
$`(\mathrm{0.5.12})`$
cf. \[K\], (4.6.7) and the end of the next Subsection.

0.6. Following \[K\], let us give an equivalent definition of a vertex algebra. If $`M`$ is a $`k`$-module, $`M[[z,z^1]]`$ will denote as usually the module of formal power series $`_{n=\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{}}a_nz^n,a_nM`$. Let us define endomorphisms $`^{(j)},j_0`$, of $`M[[z,z^1]]`$ by

$$^{(j)}(\underset{n}{}a_nz^n)=\underset{n}{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{j}\right)a_nz^{nj}$$
$`(\mathrm{0.6.1})`$
Second Definition of a Vertex Algebra. A $`_0`$-graded vertex algebra is a $`_0`$-graded $`k`$-module $`V=_iV_i`$ equipped with

— a distingushed vector $`\text{1}V_0`$ (vacuum vector);

— a family of endomorphisms $`^{(j)}:VV`$ of degree $`j`$, $`j_0`$, such that $`^{(0)}=Id`$ and $`^{(i)}^{(j)}=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i+j}{i}\right)^{(i+j)}`$;

— a linear mapping $`VEnd(V)[[z,z^1]],aa(z)=_na_{(n)}z^{n1}`$ such that $`dega_{(n)}=degan1`$.

These data should satisfy the following axioms.

Translation invariance. For all $`j_0`$, $`[^{(j)},a(z)]=^{(j)}a(z)`$.

Vacuum. $`^{(j)}\text{1}=\delta _{j,0}\text{1};\text{1}(z)=\text{1};a_{(n)}\text{1}=0`$ for $`n0`$ and $`a_{(1)}\text{1}=a`$.

Locality. $`(zw)^N[a(z),b(w)]=0`$ for $`N>>0`$.

This is a modification of the definition given in \[K\], 4.1, which works over an arbitrary base commutative ring. Proposition 4.1 of op. cit. remains true if we understand by $`e^z`$ the expression

$$e^z:=\underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}z^j^{(j)}$$
$`(\mathrm{0.6.2})`$
(we cannot use Lemma 4.1 of op.cit. anymore!). The argument of op. cit. 4.2 shows that the commutativity formula (0.5.9) is true for the vertex algebras in the second definition. Finally, the proof of op. cit., Proposition 4.8 (b) shows that the first and the second definitions are equivalent. The proof from \[K\], 4.6 works to give the proof of the OPE formula (0.5.12).

0.7. Theorem. Let $`V=V_i`$ be a $`_0`$-graded $`k`$-module equipped with a distinguished vector $`\text{1}V_0`$ and a family of endomorphisms $`^{(j)}`$ of degree $`j`$, $`j_0`$ such that $`^{(0)}=Id,^{(i)}^{(j)}=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i+j}{i}\right)^{(i+j)}`$ and $`^{(j)}\text{1}=\delta _{j,0}\text{1}`$.

Assume that we are given a family of homogeneous vectors $`\{a^\alpha \}V`$ and a family of formal power series (”distributions”)

$$\{a^\alpha (z)=\underset{n}{}a_{(n)}^\alpha z^{n1}\}End(V)[[z,z^1]],dega_{(n)}^\alpha =dega^\alpha n1,$$

satisfying the following conditions

(t) $`[^{(j)},a^\alpha (z)]=^{(j)}a^\alpha (z)`$;

(v) $`a_{(n)}^\alpha \text{1}=0`$ for $`n0`$; $`a_1^\alpha \text{1}=a^\alpha `$;

(l) The distributions $`a^\alpha (z)`$ are mutually local, i.e. for all $`\alpha ,\beta `$, $`(zw)^N[a^\alpha (z),a^\beta (w)]=0`$ for sufficiently large $`N`$.

Let $`S`$ denote the set of all vectors of the form

$$a_{j_1\mathrm{}j_N}^{\alpha _1\mathrm{}\alpha _N}:=a_{(1j_1)}^{\alpha _1}\mathrm{}a_{(1j_N)}^{\alpha _N}\text{1},N,j_i_0,$$
$`(\mathrm{0.7.1})`$
Assume that we are given a map

$$VEnd(V)[[z,z^1]],aa(z)=a_{(n)}z^{n1}$$
$`()`$
having the following property:

(P) There exists a subset $`S^{}S`$ which generates $`V`$ as a $`k`$-module such that for each $`a_{j_1\mathrm{}j_N}^{\alpha _1\mathrm{}\alpha _N}S^{}`$, we have

$$a_{j_1\mathrm{}j_N}^{\alpha _1\mathrm{}\alpha _N}(z)=:^{j_1}\alpha ^{\alpha _1}(z)\mathrm{}^{j_N}a^{\alpha _N}(z):$$
$`(\mathrm{0.7.2})`$
Then the mapping (\*) defines the structure of a $`_0`$-graded vertex algebra on $`V`$, and (0.7.2) holds true for all $`a_{j_1\mathrm{}j_N}^{\alpha _1\mathrm{}\alpha _N}S`$.

This is a version of ”Existence Theorem”, \[K\], Theorem 4.5 and Corollary 4.5, whose proof goes through.

0.8. Let $`𝒱ert,𝒞onf`$ denote the categories of $`_0`$-graded vertex and conformal algebras respectively. We have a functor

$$c:𝒱ert𝒞onf$$
$`(\mathrm{0.8.1})`$
which assigns to a vertex algebra $`V`$ the same space $`V`$, with the operations (n), $`n<0,`$ forgotten. The axioms of a conformal algebra are satisfied due to (0.5.10), (0.5.9) and (0.5.12). This functor admits a left adjoint, to be constructed in Section 8 below.

In the sequel we will call $`_0`$-graded vertex (conformal) algebras simply vertex (conformal) algebras.

0.9. A vertex algebra $`V`$ is called commutative if $`a_{(n)}b=0`$ for all $`a,bV,n0`$ (Kac uses the term ”holomorphic”).

Let $`V`$ be a commutative vertex algebra. Then, with respect to the operation $`ab:=a_{(1)}b`$, $`V`$ becomes a commutative associative algebra with the unity 1. The operations with negative indices are recovered from the formula

$$a_{(1j)}b=(^{(j)}a)b$$
$`(\mathrm{0.9.1})`$
This way we get an equivalence of categories

$$𝒱ert𝒜b\stackrel{}{}𝒜lg$$
$`(\mathrm{0.9.2})`$
Here $`𝒱ert𝒜b`$ denotes the category of commutative vertex algebras and $`𝒜lg`$ denotes the category whose objects are $`_0`$-graded vector spaces $`V=V_i`$ equipped with a structure of a commutative algebra such that $`V_iV_jV_{i+j}`$ and $`\text{1}V_0`$, and with a family of endomorphisms $`^{(j)}`$ of degree $`j`$, $`j_0`$, such that

$$^{(i)}^{(j)}=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i+j}{i}\right)^{(i+j)},^{(0)}=Id$$
$`(\mathrm{0.9.3})`$
and

$$^{(j)}(ab)=\underset{p=0}{\overset{j}{}}^{(p)}a^{(jp)}b$$
$`(\mathrm{0.9.4})`$
Cf. \[B\]. Objects of $`𝒜lg`$ will be called $``$-algebras.

§ 1. Vertex Algebroids

1.1. Let us define an extended Lie algebroid to be a quintuple $`𝒯=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,,)`$ where $`A`$ is a commutative $`k`$-algebra, $`T`$ is a Lie $`A`$-algebroid, $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is an $`A`$-module equipped with a structure of a module over the Lie algebra $`T`$, $`:A\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is an $`A`$-derivation and a morphism of $`T`$-modules, $`,:T\times \mathrm{\Omega }A`$ is an $`A`$-bilinear pairing.

These data must satisfy the following properties $`(aA,\tau ,\nu T,\omega \mathrm{\Omega })`$:

$$\tau ,a=\tau (a)$$
$`(\mathrm{1.1.1})`$
$$\tau (a\omega )=\tau (a)\omega +a\tau (\omega )$$
$`(\mathrm{1.1.2})`$
$$(a\tau )(\omega )=a\tau (\omega )+\tau ,\omega a$$
$`(\mathrm{1.1.3})`$
$$\tau (\nu ,\omega )=[\tau ,\nu ],\omega +\nu ,\tau (\omega )$$
$`(\mathrm{1.1.4})`$
Cf. 0.1. We will also say that $`𝒯=(A,T,\mathrm{})`$ is an extended Lie $`A`$-algebroid.

Let define a morphism between two extended Lie algebroids $`𝒯=(A,T,\mathrm{})`$ and $`𝒯^{}=(A^{},T^{},\mathrm{})`$ to be a triple $`g=(g_A,g_T,g_\mathrm{\Omega })`$ where $`g_A:AA^{}`$ is a morphism of $`k`$-algebras, $`g_T:TT^{}`$ is a morphism of Lie algebras and $`A`$-modules, $`g_\mathrm{\Omega }:\mathrm{\Omega }\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$ is a morphism of $`A`$-modules. We require that the following properties should hold:

$$g_A(\tau (a))=g_T(\tau )(g_A(a))$$
$`(\mathrm{1.1.5})`$
$$g_\mathrm{\Omega }(a)=g_A(a)$$
$`(\mathrm{1.1.6})`$
$$g_A(\tau ,\omega =g_T(\tau ),g_\mathrm{\Omega }(\omega )$$
$`(\mathrm{1.1.7})`$
Composition of morphisms is defined in the obvious way. This way we get a category $`ieAlg`$ of extended Lie algebroids.

1.2. Let $`T`$ be a Lie $`A`$-algebroid. Set $`\mathrm{\Omega }:=Hom_A(T,A)`$. Define $`:A\mathrm{\Omega }`$ by (1.1.1); let $`,`$ be the evident pairing. Action of $`T`$ on $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is defined by (1.1.4). This way we get an extended Lie $`A`$-algebroid $`𝒯_T`$.

Let us call an extended Lie algebroid $`𝒯=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,)`$ perfect if the pairing $`,`$ induces an isomorphism $`\mathrm{\Omega }\stackrel{}{}Hom_A(T,A)`$.

The correspondence $`T𝒯_T`$ provides an equivalence of the category of Lie algebroids with the full subcategory $`ieAlg^{perf}ieAlg`$ of perfect extended Lie algebroids.

1.3. De Rham - Chevalley complex. Let $`𝒯=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },\mathrm{})`$ be an extended Lie $`A`$-algebroid. Let us define $`A`$-modules $`\mathrm{\Omega }^i=\mathrm{\Omega }^i(𝒯),i_0`$, as follows. Set $`\mathrm{\Omega }^0=A,\mathrm{\Omega }^1=\mathrm{\Omega }`$. For $`i2`$, $`\mathrm{\Omega }^i`$ is the submodule of the module of $`A`$-polylinear homomorphisms $`h`$ from $`T^{i1}`$ to $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ such that the function $`\tau _1,h(\tau _2,\mathrm{},\tau _i)`$ is skew symmetric with respect to all permutations of $`(\tau _1,\mathrm{},\tau _i)`$.

For example, if $`𝒯`$ is as in the previous example, then $`\mathrm{\Omega }^i=Hom_A(\mathrm{\Lambda }_A^iT,A)`$.

Let us define the maps $`d_{DR}=d_{DR}^i:\mathrm{\Omega }^i\mathrm{\Omega }^{i+1}`$ as follows. For $`i=0`$ we set $`d_{DR}a=a`$. For $`i1`$ we set

$$d_{DR}h(\tau _1,\mathrm{},\tau _i)=d_{Lie}h(\tau _1,\mathrm{},\tau _i)\tau _1,h(\tau _2,\mathrm{},\tau _i)$$
$`(\mathrm{1.3.1})`$
where

$$d_{Lie}h(\tau _1,\mathrm{},\tau _i)=\underset{p=1}{\overset{i}{}}(1)^{p+1}\tau _p(h(\tau _1,\mathrm{},\widehat{\tau }_p,\mathrm{},\tau _i))+$$

$$+\underset{1p<qi}{}(1)^{p+q}h([\tau _p,\tau _q],\tau _1,\mathrm{},\widehat{\tau }_p,\mathrm{},\widehat{\tau }_q,\mathrm{},\tau _i)$$
$`(\mathrm{1.3.2})`$
For example,

$$d_{DR}\omega (\tau )=\tau (\omega )\tau ,\omega ,$$
$`(\mathrm{1.3.3})`$
for $`\omega \mathrm{\Omega }^1=\mathrm{\Omega }`$; and

$$d_{DR}h(\tau _1,\tau _2)=h([\tau _1,\tau _2])+\tau _1(h(\tau _2))\tau _2(h(\tau _1))\tau _1,h(\tau _2),$$
$`(\mathrm{1.3.4})`$
for $`h\mathrm{\Omega }^2`$.

Let us introduce the action of the Lie algebra $`T`$ on the modules $`\mathrm{\Omega }^i`$ by

$$\tau (h)(\tau _1,\mathrm{},\tau _{i1})=\tau (h(\tau _1,\mathrm{},\tau _{i1}))\underset{p=1}{\overset{i1}{}}h(\tau _1,\mathrm{},[\tau ,\tau _p],\mathrm{},\tau _i)$$
$`(\mathrm{1.3.5})`$
Let us define the convolution operators $`\tau ,:\mathrm{\Omega }^i\mathrm{\Omega }^{i1}`$ by

$$\tau ,h(\tau _1,\mathrm{},\tau _{i2}=h(\tau ,\tau _1,\mathrm{},\tau _{i2})$$
$`(\mathrm{1.3.6})`$
The maps $`\{d_{DR}^i\}`$ may be characterized as a unique collection of maps such that $`d_{DR}^0=`$ and the Cartan formula

$$\tau (h)=\tau ,d_{DR}h+d_{DR}\tau ,h$$
$`(\mathrm{1.3.7})`$
holds true.

The maps $`d_{DR}`$ commute with the action of $`T`$. One checks that $`d_{DR}^2=0`$, so we get a complex $`(\mathrm{\Omega }^{}(𝒯),d_{DR})`$ called the de Rham-Chevalley complex of $`𝒯`$.

1.4. In the definition below we assume that $`1/2k`$.

A vertex algebroid is a septuple $`𝒜=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,\gamma ,,,c)`$ where $`A`$ is a commutative $`k`$-algebra, $`T`$ is a Lie $`A`$-algebroid, $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is an $`A`$-module equipped with an action of the Lie algebra $`T`$, $`:A\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is a derivation commuting with the $`T`$-action,

$$,:(T\mathrm{\Omega })\times (T\mathrm{\Omega })A$$

is a symmetric $`k`$-bilinear pairing equal to zero on $`\mathrm{\Omega }\times \mathrm{\Omega }`$ and such that $`𝒯_𝒜=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,,|_{T\times \mathrm{\Omega }})`$ is an extended Lie $`A`$-algebroid; $`c:T\times T\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is a skew symmetric $`k`$-bilinear pairing and $`\gamma :A\times T\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is a $`k`$-bilinear map.

The following axioms must hold $`(a,bA;\tau ,\tau _iT)`$:

$$\gamma (a,b\tau )=\gamma (ab,\tau )a\gamma (b,\tau )\tau (a)b\tau (b)a$$
$`(A1)`$
$$a\tau _1,\tau _2=a\tau _1,\tau _2+\gamma (a,\tau _1),\tau _2\tau _1\tau _2(a)$$
$`(A2)`$
$$c(a\tau _1,\tau _2)=ac(\tau _1,\tau _2)+\gamma (a,[\tau _1,\tau _2])\gamma (\tau _2(a),\tau _1)+\tau _2(\gamma (a,\tau _1))$$

$$\frac{1}{2}\tau _1,\tau _2a+\frac{1}{2}\tau _1\tau _2(a)\frac{1}{2}\tau _2,\gamma (a,\tau _1)$$
$`(A3)`$
$$[\tau _1,\tau _2],\tau _3+\tau _2,[\tau _1,\tau _3]=\tau _1(\tau _2,\tau _3)\frac{1}{2}\tau _2(\tau _1,\tau _3)\frac{1}{2}\tau _3(\tau _1,\tau _2)+$$

$$+\tau _2,c(\tau _1,\tau _3)+\tau _3,c(\tau _1,\tau _2)$$
$`(A4)`$
$$d_{Lie}c(\tau _1,\tau _2,\tau _3)=\frac{1}{2}\{[\tau _1,\tau _2],\tau _3+[\tau _1,\tau _3],\tau _2[\tau _2,\tau _3],\tau _1$$

$$\tau _1(\tau _2,\tau _3)+\tau _2(\tau _1,\tau _3)2\tau _3,c(\tau _1,\tau _2)\}$$
$`(A5)`$
where $`d_{Lie}`$ is defined by (1.3.2).

To stress the dependence on $`A`$, we shall sometimes say that $`𝒜`$ is a vertex $`A`$-algebroid.

1.5. Multiplying the identity (A4) by $`l`$ and subtracting the $`j`$-th multiple of (A4) corresponding to the triple $`(\tau _2,\tau _1,\tau _3)`$ we get an equivalent form of (A4):

for every $`l,jk`$,

$$j\tau _1,[\tau _2,\tau _3]+l\tau _2,[\tau _1,\tau _3]+(l+j)\tau _3,[\tau _1,\tau _2]$$

$$(l+\frac{1}{2}j)\tau _1(\tau _2,\tau _3)+(\frac{1}{2}l+j)\tau _2(\tau _1,\tau _3)+\frac{1}{2}(lj)\tau _3(\tau _1,\tau _2)$$
$`(A4)_{l,j}^{bis}`$
$$+j\tau _1,c(\tau _2,\tau _3)l\tau _2,c(\tau _1,\tau _3)(l+j)\tau _3,c(\tau _1,\tau _2)=0$$

1.6. The left hand side of (A5) is skew symmetric with respect to all permutations of $`(\tau _1,\tau _2,\tau _3)`$. The right hand side is manifestly symmetric only with respect to the transposition of $`(\tau _1,\tau _2)`$. However, if we replace $`\tau _1(\tau _2,\tau _3)`$ in the right hand side by its expression from (A4) we get the following equivalent form of (A5):

$$d_{Lie}c(\tau _1,\tau _2,\tau _3)=\frac{1}{2}\{\tau _1,[\tau _2,\tau _3]+\frac{1}{2}\tau _2(\tau _1,\tau _3)\frac{1}{2}\tau _3(\tau _1,\tau _2)+$$

$$+\tau _2,c(\tau _1,\tau _3)\tau _3,c(\tau _1,\tau _2)\}$$
$`(A5)^{bis}`$
The rhs of $`(A5)^{bis}`$ is skew symmetric with respect to the transposition of $`(\tau _2,\tau _3)`$. Consequently, the rhs of (A5) is completely skew symmetric since the symmetric group $`S_3`$ is generated by two transpositions $`(12)`$ and $`(23)`$.

Let us replace in $`(A5)^{bis}`$ the triple $`(\tau _1,\tau _2,\tau _3)`$ by the triples $`(\tau _2,\tau _3,\tau _1)`$ and $`(\tau _3,\tau _1,\tau _2)`$ and sum up the three identities. We will get another equivalent for of (A5):

$$3d_{Lie}c(\tau _1,\tau _2,\tau _3)=\{\tau _1,\frac{1}{2}[\tau _2,\tau _3]+c(\tau _2,\tau _3)+$$

$$+\tau _2,\frac{1}{2}[\tau _3,\tau _1]+c(\tau _3,\tau _1)+\tau _3,\frac{1}{2}[\tau _1,\tau _2]+c(\tau _1,\tau _2)\}$$
$`(A5)^{ter}`$
1.7. Example. Let $`𝔤`$ be a Lie algebra over $`k`$ equipped with a symmetric invariant form $`,:𝔤\times 𝔤k`$. Then $`𝒜_{𝔤,,}=(k,𝔤,0,0,0,,,0)`$ is a vertex $`k`$-algebroid.

1.8. Let $`A`$ be a commutative $`k`$-algebra and $`𝒯=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,,)`$ be an extended Lie $`A`$-algebroid. Let $`T_0T`$ be a $`k`$-submodule which generates $`T`$ as an $`A`$-module, and assume that we are given $`k`$-bilinear mappings

$$\gamma :A\times T_0\mathrm{\Omega };,:T_0\times T_0A,\text{symmetric};$$

$$c:T_0\times T_0\mathrm{\Omega },\text{skew symmetric}$$
$`(\mathrm{1.8.1})`$
It is clear that there exists not more than one extension of the mappings to mappings

$$\gamma :A\times T\mathrm{\Omega };,:T\times TA,c:T\times T\mathrm{\Omega },$$
$`(\mathrm{1.8.2})`$
satisfying (A1), (A2), (A3). This extension, if it exists, must be given by the formulas $`(a,bA,\tau ,\tau _iT_0)`$:

$$\gamma (a,b\tau )=\gamma (ab,\tau )a\gamma (b,\tau )\tau (a)b\tau (b)a$$
$`(\mathrm{1.8.3})_\gamma `$
$$a\tau _1,b\tau _2=ab\tau _1,\tau _2+a\tau _1,\gamma (b,\tau _2)+b\tau _2,\gamma (a,\tau _1)$$

$$a\tau _2\tau _1(b)b\tau _1\tau _2(a)\tau _1(b)\tau _2(a)$$
$`(\mathrm{1.8.3})_,`$
$$c(a\tau _1,b\tau _2)=abc(\tau _1,\tau _2)+\gamma (ab,[\tau _1,\tau _2])+$$

$$+\gamma (a\tau _1(b),\tau _2)\gamma (b\tau _2(a),\tau _1)a\tau _1(\gamma (b,\tau _2))+b\tau _2(\gamma (a,\tau _1))+$$

$$+\frac{1}{2}\tau _1,\tau _2\left\{abba\right\}[\tau _1,\tau _2](a)b[\tau _1,\tau _2](b)a+\frac{1}{2}\left\{\tau _1(b)\tau _2(a)\tau _2(a)\tau _1(b)\right\}+$$

$$+\frac{1}{2}\left\{\tau _1,\gamma (b,\tau _2)a+\tau _2,\gamma (a,\tau _1)b+a\tau _1,\gamma (b,\tau _2)b\tau _2,\gamma (a,\tau _1)\right\}+$$

$$+\frac{1}{2}\left\{b\tau _1\tau _2(a)a\tau _2\tau _1(b)\right\}$$
$`(\mathrm{1.8.3})_c`$
When deducing the last formula, one should take into account (1.1.3).

1.9. Theorem. (Extension of Identities) Assume that (A4) and (A5) hold true for all $`\tau _iT_0`$ and that the formulas (1.8.3) provide well defined mappings (1.8.2).

Then the axioms (A1) — (A5) hold true for all $`\tau ,\tau _iT`$, i.e. $`𝒜=(A,T,\mathrm{})`$ is a vertex $`A`$-algebroid.

Proof. Let us check the axiom (A1). It is enough to show that if (A1) holds true for some $`\tau `$ and all $`a,b`$ then it holds true for $`c\tau (cA)`$ and all $`a,b`$. Thus, we have to check the identity

$$\gamma (ab,c\tau )=\gamma (a,bc\tau )+a\gamma (b,c\tau )+c\tau (a)b+c\tau (b)a$$
$`(\mathrm{?})`$
The left hand side of it equal to

$$\gamma (abc,\tau )ab\gamma (c,\tau )\tau (ab)c\tau (c)(ab),$$

cf. $`(\mathrm{1.8.3})_\gamma `$. On the other hand, the first two terms in the right hand side are equal to

$$\gamma (a,bc\tau )=\gamma (abc,\tau )a\gamma (bc,\tau )\tau (a)(bc)\tau (bc)a$$

and

$$a\gamma (b,c\tau )=a\gamma (bc,\tau )ab\gamma (c,\tau )a\tau (b)ca\tau (c)b,$$

again by $`(\mathrm{1.8.3})_\gamma `$. Comparing, we get the desired identity (?).

The other axioms are checked in a similar way. This is a tiresome but straightforward calculation. When checking (A5) one should use the identity $`(A4)_{1,1}^{bis}`$. $``$

1.10. Pushout. Let $`𝒜=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },\mathrm{})`$ be a vertex $`A`$-algebroid. Let $`B`$ be a commutative $`A`$-algebra, $`i:AB`$ the structure morphism. Set $`\mathrm{\Omega }_B:=B_A\mathrm{\Omega },T_B:=BT`$. The $`A`$-derivation $`:A\mathrm{\Omega }`$ induces a $`B`$-derivation $`_B:B\mathrm{\Omega }_B`$. The $`A`$-bilinear pairing $`,:T\times \mathrm{\Omega }A`$ uniquely extends to a $`B`$-bilinear pairing $`,_B:T_B\times \mathrm{\Omega }_BB`$.

Assume that the Lie algebra $`T`$ acts on $`B`$ by derivations in such a way that $`\tau (i(a))=i(\tau (a))`$ and $`(a\tau )(b)=a\tau (b)(aA,bB,\tau T)`$. Then $`T_B`$ acquires a canonical structure of a Lie $`B`$-algebroid, cf. 0.2.1, and $`(T_B,\mathrm{\Omega }_B,_B,,_B)`$ becomes an extended Lie $`B`$-algebroid.

1.10.1. Theorem. Assume that we are given a $`k`$-bilinear mapping $`\gamma :B\times T\mathrm{\Omega }_B`$ such that $`\gamma (i(a),\tau )=1\gamma (a,\tau )`$ and that (A1) holds true for all $`\tau T,aB,bA`$.

Then there exists a unique extension of $`\gamma `$ to a $`k`$-bilinear mapping $`\gamma _B:B\times T_B\mathrm{\Omega }_B`$ satisfying (A1) for all $`a,bB,\tau T_B`$;

there exists a unique extension of the pairing $`,:T\times TA`$ to a pairing $`,_B:T_B\times T_BB`$ satisfying (A2) for all $`aB,\tau _iT_B`$;

there exists a unique extension of the pairing $`c:T\times T\mathrm{\Omega }`$ to a pairing $`c_B:T_B\times T_B\mathrm{\Omega }_B`$ satisfying (A3) for all $`aB,\tau _iT_B`$.

The septuple $`𝒜_B=(B,T_B,\mathrm{\Omega }_B,_B,\gamma _B,,_B,c_B)`$ is a vertex $`B`$-algebroid.

Proof. Apply 1.9 to $`T_0:=Im(TT_B)`$. $``$

1.11. Example. Let $`A`$ be a commutative $`k`$-algebra, $`\mathrm{\Omega }=\mathrm{\Omega }_k^1`$ — the $`A`$-module of Kählerian $`1`$-differentials, $`:A\mathrm{\Omega }`$ the canonical $`A`$-derivation. Let $`𝔤`$ be a Lie $`k`$-algebra acting on $`A`$ by derivations and equipped with an invariant bilinear form $`,:𝔤\times 𝔤k`$.

Due to the morphism $`𝔤Der_k(A)`$, $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is equipped with a canonical structure of a $`𝔤`$-module such that $``$ is a morphism of $`𝔤`$-modules and there is a canonical pairing $`𝔤\times \mathrm{\Omega }A`$, cf. 0.1.

Set $`T=A𝔤`$. Then $`T`$ is canonically a Lie $`A`$-algebroid, there exists a unique extension of the zero map $`A\times 𝔤A`$ (resp., of $`,`$ and of the zero map $`𝔤\times 𝔤\mathrm{\Omega }`$) to the map $`\gamma :A\times T\mathrm{\Omega }`$ (resp., to the pairing $`,:T\times TA`$ and to the map $`c:T\times T\mathrm{\Omega }`$) which satisfies (A1) (resp., (A2) and (A3)).

This way we get a vertex $`A`$-algebroid $`𝒜=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,\gamma ,,,c)`$.

For the proof, apply Theorem 1.9 to $`T_0=𝔤T`$.

1.12. Example. Let $`A`$ be a commutative $`k`$ algebra, $`𝔤T=Der_k(A)`$ a Lie $`k`$-subalgebra such that $`T=A𝔤`$, $`\mathrm{\Omega }=\mathrm{\Omega }_k^1`$.

For example, $`A`$ is the coordinate ring of an algebraic group, $`𝔤`$ is the Lie algebra of left invariant vector fields.

Assume that $`𝔤`$ is equipped with an invariant bilinear form $`,`$. Then we are in the situation of 1.11 and get a vertex $`A`$-algebroid $`𝒜=𝒜_{A,𝔤,,}`$.

1.13. Example. Let $`A`$ be a commutative $`k`$-algebra equipped with an étale morphism $`\text{f}=(f_1,\mathrm{},f_n):A_0=k[x_1,\mathrm{},x_n]A`$. Such an f is called an étale coordinate system on $`A`$; it exists Zariski locally for every $`A`$ smooth over $`k`$.

The commuting vector fields $`/x_iDer_k(A_0)`$ admit unique liftings to vector fields $`\tau _iT=Der_k(A)`$. The $`k`$-submodule $`𝔤T`$ spanned by $`\tau _i`$ is an abelian Lie subalgebra; let us equip it with the trivial bilinear form. Then we are in the situation of 1.11 and we get a vertex $`A`$-algebroid $`𝒜=𝒜_{A;\text{f}}`$.

§2. From Vertex Algebras to Vertex Algebroids

2.1. Let $`V`$ be a vertex algebra over $`k`$, cf. 0.5. In this section we assume that $`1/2k`$; recall that we always deal with $`_0`$-graded vertex algebras. We denote $`:=^{(1)}`$.

The identity (0.5.4) at $`n=0`$ gives

$$a_{(0)}b_{(n)}c=(a_{(0)}b)_{(n)}c+b_{(n)}a_{(0)}c$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.1})`$
for all $`n`$, i.e. the operation (0) is a derivation with respect to all operations (n).

We shall denote the operation $`a_{(1)}b`$ by $`ab`$ or $`ab`$.

Set $`A=V_0`$. In the sequel $`a,b,c`$ will denote elements of $`A`$. Since $`a_{(n)}b=0`$ for all $`n0`$, (0.5.4) and (0.5.9) imply that $`A`$ is a commutative associative $`k`$-algebra with the unity 1 with respect to the operation $`ab`$.

Elements of $`V_1`$ will be denoted $`x,y,z`$. It follows from (0.5.4), taking into account that $`\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{1}{j}\right)=(1)^j`$, that

$$(ab)x=abx+ab_{(0)}x+ba_{(0)}x$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.2})`$
The identity (0.5.9) implies

$$a_{(0)}x=x_{(0)}a$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.3})`$
and

$$xa=ax+(x_{(0)}a)$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.4})`$
Let $`\mathrm{\Omega }V_1`$ be the $`k`$-submodule generated by all elements $`ab`$; $`\omega `$ will denote an element of $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$.

From (2.1.2) we have

$$(ab)c=abc+ab_{(0)}c+ba_{(0)}c$$

Note that

$$u_{(0)}v=0$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.5})`$
for all $`u,vV`$, due to (0.5.10). Hence $`b_{(0)}c=c_{(0)}b=0`$; therefore $`(ab)c=abc`$. On the other hand, $`\text{1}c=c\text{1}c_{(0)}\text{1}=c\text{1}=c`$. It follows that the operation $`a\omega `$ gives a structure of an $`A`$-module on $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$. (It is not true for $`V_1`$ since $`ax`$ is not associative.)

Note that by (0.5.4) $`(ab)_{(0)}c=ab_{(0)}c=0`$, in other words

$$\omega _{(0)}a=0$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.6})`$
It follows from (0.5.9) that

$$a\omega =\omega a$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.7})`$
We have the map $`:A\mathrm{\Omega }`$. By (0.5.11) and (2.1.7) $``$ is an $`A`$-derivation.

Let $`T`$ denote the quotient module $`V_1/\mathrm{\Omega }`$; let $`\pi :V_1T`$ be the canonical projection. Elements of $`T`$ will be denoted $`\tau `$. The operation $`ax`$ induces an operation $`A\times TT,(a,\tau )a\tau `$. By (2.1.2) $`(ab)\tau =ab\tau `$. On the other hand,

$$\text{1}x=x\text{1}(x_{(0)}\text{1})=x\text{1}=x$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.8})`$
i.e. the operation $`a\tau `$ provides $`T`$ with a structure of an $`A`$-module.

By (0.5.4)

$$(ab)_{(0)}x=ab_{(0)}xa_{(2)}b_{(1)}x+ba_{(0)}x$$

Note that by (0.5.10) and (2.1.7)

$$a_{(2)}b=ab=ba$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.9})`$
Therefore

$$(ab)_{(0)}x=(b_{(0)}x)a+(a_{(0}x)b$$

whence

$$\mathrm{\Omega }_{(0)}V_1\mathrm{\Omega }$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.10})`$
On the other hand,

$$x_{(0)}ab=(x_{(0)}a)b+ax_{(0)}b$$

by (2.1.1), and

$$x_{(0)}b=b_{(0)}x+(b_{(1)}x)=(b_{(0)}x)=(x_{(0)}b),$$

i.e.

$$x_{(0)}(ab)=(x_{(0)}a)b+a(x_{(0)}b)$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.11})`$
It follows that

$$V_{1(0)}\mathrm{\Omega }\mathrm{\Omega }$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.12})`$
Therefore the operation (0) induces an operation $`T\times TT`$, to be denoted $`[,]`$. By (0.5.9)

$$x_{(0)}y=y_{(0)}x+(y_{(1)}x)$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.13})`$
hence $`[,]`$ is skew symmetric. (2.1.1) implies that $`[,]`$ satisfies the Jacobi identity, hence it provides a structure of a Lie algebra (over $`k`$) on $`T`$.

By (0.5.4) and (2.1.5) $`(ab)_{(0)}c=ab_{(0)}c=0`$, i.e.

$$\mathrm{\Omega }_{(0)}A=0$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.14})`$
It follows that the operation $`x_{(0)}a`$ induces a pairing $`T\times AA`$, to be denoted $`\tau (a)`$. By (2.1.1), $`\tau _1\tau _2(a)=[\tau _1,\tau _2](a)+\tau _2\tau _1(a)`$ and $`\tau (ab)=\tau (a)b+a\tau (b)`$. By (0.5.4), $`(a\tau )(b)=a\tau (b)`$. Thus, $`T`$ is equipped with a structure of a Lie $`A`$-algebroid.

By (2.1.11) and (2.1.14)

$$\mathrm{\Omega }_{(0)}\mathrm{\Omega }=0$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.15})`$
It follows that the operation $`x_{(0)}\omega `$ induces an operation $`T\times \mathrm{\Omega }\mathrm{\Omega }`$, to be denoted $`\tau (\omega )`$, which makes $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ a module over the Lie algebra $`T`$, by (2.1.1). Again by (2.1.1), $`\tau (a\omega )=\tau (a)\omega +a\tau (\omega )`$.

It follows from (2.1.11) that

$$\tau (ab)=\tau (a)b+a\tau (b)$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.16})`$
In particular $`\tau (b)=\tau (b)`$, i.e. $``$ is a morphism of $`T`$-modules.

By (0.5.9)

$$x_{(1)}y=y_{(1)}x$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.17})`$
We have

$$(ab)_{(1)}x=ab_{(1)}x=ab_{(0)}x=ax_{(0)}b$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.18})`$
by (0.5.4), (2.1.5), (0.5.10) and (2.1.3). It follows that

$$\mathrm{\Omega }_{(1)}\mathrm{\Omega }=0$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.19})`$
by (2.1.14). Therefore the operation $`x_{(1)}y`$ induces an operation $`T\times \mathrm{\Omega }A`$, to be denoted $`\tau ,\omega `$.

By (2.1.17) and (2.1.18)

$$\tau ,ab=a\tau (b)$$
$`(\mathrm{2.1.20})`$
From (0.5.4), $`a\tau ,\omega =a\tau ,\omega `$. From (2.1.1),

$$\tau (\tau ^{},\omega )=[\tau ,\tau ^{}],\omega +\tau ^{},\tau (\omega )$$

Finally, again from (0.5.4), $`(ax)_{(0)}\omega =ax_{(0)}\omega +a_{(2)}x_{(1)}\omega `$ which implies $`(a\tau )(\omega )=a\tau (\omega )+\tau ,\omega a`$, by (2.1.9).

Therefore we have canonically associated with our vertex algebra an extended Lie $`A`$-algebroid $`𝒯(V)=(T,\mathrm{\Omega },,,)`$.

2.2. Let us assume that the projection $`\pi :V_1T`$ admits a splitting, i.e. there exists a morphism of $`k`$-modules $`s:TV_1`$ such that $`\pi s=Id_T`$. Let us fix such a splitting. A vertex algebra with a chosen $`s`$ will be called split.

Define a skew symmetric operation $`[,]:V_1\times V_1V_1`$ by

$$[x,y]:=\frac{1}{2}(x_{(0)}yy_{(0)}x)$$
$`(\mathrm{2.2.1})`$
We have $`\pi ([x,y])=[\pi (x),\pi (y)]`$.

Let us use the notation $`x,y`$ for $`x_{(1)}y`$. It follows form (0.5.9) that

$$[x,y]=x_{(0)}y\frac{1}{2}x,y$$
$`(\mathrm{2.2.2})`$
Set

$$\gamma (a,\tau )=s(a\tau )as(\tau )$$
$`(\mathrm{2.2.3})_\gamma `$
$$\tau _1,\tau _2=s(\tau _1),s(\tau _2)$$
$`(\mathrm{2.2.3})_,`$
$$c(\tau _1,\tau _2)=s([\tau _1,\tau _2])[s(\tau _1),s(\tau _2)]$$
$`(\mathrm{2.2.3})_c`$
2.3. Theorem. The septuple $`𝒜=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,\gamma ,,,c)`$ is a vertex algebroid.

Proof. We have to check the axioms (A1) — (A5) from 1.4.

Check of (A1). We have $`\gamma (ab,\tau )=s(ab\tau )(ab)s(\tau )=s(ab\tau )as(b\tau )+as(b\tau )(ab)s(\tau )`$. By (2.1.2) and (2.1.3),

$$(ab)s(\tau )=abs(\tau )+ab_{(0)}s(\tau )+ba_{(0)}s(\tau )=abs(\tau )\tau (b)a\tau (a)b$$

which implies (A1).

Check of (A2). We have $`a\tau _1,\tau _2=s(a\tau _1),s(\tau _2)=as(\tau _1)+\gamma (a,\tau _1),s(\tau _2)`$. By (0.5.4),

$$ax,y=ax,yx_{(0)}y_{(0)}a$$
$`(\mathrm{2.3.1})`$
which implies (A2).

Check of (A3). We have $`c(a\tau _1,\tau _2)=s([a\tau _1,\tau _2])[s(a\tau _1),s(\tau _2)]`$;

$$s([a\tau _1,\tau _2])=s(a[\tau _1,\tau _2]\tau _2(a)\tau _1)=as([\tau _1,\tau _2])+\gamma (a,[\tau _1,\tau _2])\tau _2(a)s(\tau _1)\gamma (\tau _2(a),\tau _1);$$

$`[s(a\tau _1),s(\tau _2)]=[as(\tau _1)+\gamma (a,\tau _1),s(\tau _2)]`$.

We have $`[ax,y]=(ax)_{(0)}y\frac{1}{2}ax,y`$ (see (2.2.2)). By (0.5.4),

$$(ax)_{(0)}y=ax_{(0)}y+a_{(2)}x_{(1)}y+xa_{(0)}y=$$

$$=ax_{(0)}y+x,ya\pi (y)(a)x\pi (x)\pi (y)(a)$$
$`(\mathrm{2.3.2})`$
By (2.3.1)

$$\frac{1}{2}ax,y=\frac{1}{2}\left\{ax,yx_{(0)}y_{(0)}a\right\}=\frac{1}{2}x,ya\frac{1}{2}ax,y+\frac{1}{2}\pi (x)\pi (y)(a)$$

Therefore

$$[ax,y]=a[x,y]+\frac{1}{2}x,ya\frac{1}{2}\pi (x)\pi (y)(a)\pi (y)(a)x$$

On the other hand,

$$[\omega ,x]=[x,\omega ]=\pi (x)\omega +\frac{1}{2}x,\omega $$

It follows that

$$[s(a\tau _1),s(\tau _2)]=a[s(\tau _1),s(\tau _2)]+\frac{1}{2}\tau _1,\tau _2a\frac{1}{2}\tau _1\tau _2(a)\tau _2(a)s(\tau _1)\tau _2(\gamma (a,\tau _1))+$$

$`+\frac{1}{2}\gamma (a,\tau _1),\tau _2`$. This implies (A3).

Check of (A4). We shall make use of the formula

$$s(\tau _1)_{(0)}s(\tau _2),s(\tau _3)=s(\tau _1)_{(0)}s(\tau _2),s(\tau _3)+s(\tau _2),s(\tau _1)_{(0)}s(\tau _3)$$
$`(\mathrm{2.3.3})`$
which is a particular case of (2.1.1). We have $`s(\tau _1)_{(0)}s(\tau _2),s(\tau _3)=\tau _1(\tau _2,\tau _3)`$. On the other hand,

$$s(\tau _1)_{(0)}s(\tau _2)=[s(\tau _1),s(\tau _2)]+\frac{1}{2}\tau _1,\tau _2=s([\tau _1,\tau _2])c(\tau _1,\tau _2)+\frac{1}{2}\tau _1,\tau _2$$
$`(\mathrm{2.3.4})`$
Therefore

$$s(\tau _1)_{(0)}s(\tau _2),s(\tau _3)=[\tau _1,\tau _2],\tau _3c(\tau _1,\tau _2),\tau _3+\frac{1}{2}\tau _3(\tau _1,\tau _2)$$

Interchanging $`\tau _2`$ with $`\tau _3`$ and plugging these expressions into (2.3.3) we get (A4).

Check of (A5). We shall use the formulas

$$s(\tau _1)_{(0)}s(\tau _2)_{(0)}s(\tau _3)=(s(\tau _1)_{(0)}s(\tau _2))_{(0)}s(\tau _3)+s(\tau _2)_{(0)}s(\tau _1)_{(0)}s(\tau _3)$$

and (2.3.4). We get

$$s(\tau _1)_{(0)}s(\tau _2)_{(0)}s(\tau _3)=s(\tau _1)_{(0)}\left\{s([\tau _2,\tau _3])c(\tau _2,\tau _3)+\frac{1}{2}\tau _2,\tau _3\right\}=$$

$$=s([\tau _1,[\tau _2,\tau _3])c(\tau _1,[\tau _2,\tau _3])+\frac{1}{2}\tau _1,[\tau _2,\tau _3]\tau _1(c(\tau _2,\tau _3))+\frac{1}{2}\tau _1(\tau _2,\tau _3)$$

Interchanging $`\tau _1`$ with $`\tau _2`$ we get

$$s(\tau _2)_{(0)}s(\tau _1)_{(0)}s(\tau _3)=s([\tau _2,[\tau _1,\tau _3])$$

$$c(\tau _2,[\tau _1,\tau _3])+\frac{1}{2}\tau _2,[\tau _1,\tau _3]\tau _2(c(\tau _1,\tau _3))+\frac{1}{2}\tau _2(\tau _1,\tau _3)$$

Similarly,

$$(s(\tau _1)_{(0)}s(\tau _2))_{(0)}s(\tau _3)=\left\{s([\tau _1,\tau _2])c(\tau _1,\tau _2)+\frac{1}{2}\tau _1,\tau _2\right\}_{(0)}s(\tau _3)=$$

$$=s([\tau _1,\tau _2],\tau _3])c([\tau _1,\tau _2],\tau _3)+\frac{1}{2}[\tau _1,\tau _2],\tau _3+\tau _3(c(\tau _1,\tau _2))\tau _3,c(\tau _1,\tau _2)$$

where we have used the formula

$$\omega _{(0)}x=\pi (x)(\omega )+\pi (x),\omega $$
$`(\mathrm{2.3.5})`$
which is a consequence of (0.5.9). The axiom (A5) follows. This completes the proof of the theorem. $``$

2.4. Thus, to a pair $`(V,s)`$, where $`V`$ is a vertex algebra and $`s:TV_1`$ is a splitting on $`V`$, we have assigned a vertex algebroid $`𝒜(V,s)=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,\gamma ,,,c)`$. Note that by definition $`𝒜(V,s)`$ has the property

(Sur) The module $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is generated as an $`A`$-module by the subspace $`A`$. Equivalently, the morphism $`\mathrm{\Omega }_{A/k}^1\mathrm{\Omega }`$ induced by $``$ is epimorphic.

§3. Category of Vertex Algebroids

3.1. Let us define a $`1`$-truncated vertex algebra to be a septuple $`v=(V_0,V_1,\text{1},,_{(1)},_{(0)},_{(1)})`$ where $`V_0,V_1`$ are two $`k`$-modules, 1 an element of $`V_0`$ (vacuum vector), $`:V_0V_1`$ a morphism of $`k`$-modules,

$`{}_{(i)}{}^{}:(V_0V_1)\times (V_0V_1)V_0V_1(i=1,0,1)`$

are $`k`$-bilinear operations of degree $`i1`$. Elements of $`V_0`$ (resp., $`V_1`$) will be denoted $`a,b,c`$ (resp., $`x,y,z`$). So, we have $`7`$ operations: $`a_{(1)}b,a_{(1)}x,x_{(1)}a,a_{(0)}x`$, $`x_{(0)}a,x_{(0)}y`$ and $`x_{(1)}y`$. The following axioms must be satisfied:

(Vacuum)

$$a_{(1)}\text{1}=a;x_{(1)}\text{1}=x;x_{(0)}\text{1}=0$$
$`(Vac)`$
(Derivation)

$$(a)_{(0)}b=0;(a)_{(0)}x=0;(a)_{(1)}x=a_{(0)}x$$
$`(Der)_1`$
$$(a_{(1)}b)=(a)_{(1)}b+a_{(1)}b;(x_{(0)}a)=x_{(0)}a$$
$`(Der)_2`$
(Commutativity)

$$a_{(1)}b=b_{(1)}a;a_{(1)}x=x_{(1)}a(x_{(0)}a)$$
$`(Com)_1`$
$$x_{(0)}a=a_{(0)}x;x_{(0)}y=y_{(0)}x+(y_{(1)}x)$$
$`(Com)_0`$
$$x_{(1)}y=y_{(1)}x$$
$`(Com)_1`$
(Associativity)

$$(a_{(1)}b)_{(1)}c=a_{(1)}b_{(1)}c$$
$`(Ass)_1`$
Operation (0) is a derivation with respect to all operations (i), i.e.

$$\alpha _{(0)}\beta _{(i)}\gamma =(\alpha _{(0)}\beta )_{(i)}\gamma +\beta _{(i)}\alpha _{(0)}\gamma ,(\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma V_0V_1)$$
$`(Ass)_0`$
whenever the both sides are defined.

$$(a_{(1)}x)_{(0)}b=a_{(1)}x_{(0)}b$$
$`(Ass)_1`$
$$(a_{(1)}b)_{(1)}x=a_{(1)}b_{(1)}x+(a)_{(1)}b_{(0)}x+(b)_{(1)}a_{(0)}x$$
$`(Ass)_2`$
$$(a_{(1)}x)_{(1)}y=a_{(1)}x_{(1)}yx_{(0)}y_{(0)}a$$
$`(Ass)_3`$
A morphism between two $`1`$-truncated vertex algebras $`f:v=(V_0,V_1,\mathrm{})v^{}=(V_0^{},V_1^{},\mathrm{})`$ is a pair of maps of $`k`$-modules $`f=(f_0,f_1),f_i:V_iV_i^{}`$ such that $`f_0(\text{1})=\text{1}^{},f_1(a)=f_0(a)`$ and $`f(\alpha _{(i)}\beta )=f(\alpha )_{(i)}f(\beta )`$, whenever both sides are defined.

This way we get a category $`𝒱ert_1`$ of $`1`$-truncated vertex algebras. We have an obvious truncation functor

$$t:𝒱ert𝒱ert_1$$
$`(\mathrm{3.1.1})`$
which assignes to a vertex algebra $`V=V_i`$ the truncated algebra $`tV:=(V_0,V_1,\mathrm{})`$. In Section 9 below we shall construct a left adjoint to $`t`$.

3.2. Let $`v=(V_0,V_1,\mathrm{})`$ be a $`1`$-truncated vertex algebra. Let $`\mathrm{\Omega }_vV_1`$ be the $`k`$-submodule generated by all elements $`a_{(1)}b`$. Set $`T_v=V_1/\mathrm{\Omega }_v`$; let $`\pi :V_1T_v`$ be the canonical projection.

Let us call $`v`$ splittable if $`\pi `$ admits a $`k`$-linear splitting $`s:TV_1`$, cf. 2.2. This is of course a weak condition; it holds true for example if $`T`$ is a projective $`k`$-module. Let $`𝒱ert_1^{}𝒱ert_1`$ denote the full subcategory of splittable $`1`$-truncated vertex algebras.

A $`1`$-truncated vertex algebra with a chosen splitting $`s`$ will be called split. The argument of Section 2 assigns a vertex algebroid $`𝒜(v;s)`$ to every split $`1`$-truncated vertex algebra $`(v;s)`$.

We have by definition

$$𝒜(V;s)=𝒜(tV;s)$$
$`(\mathrm{3.2.2})`$
for every split vertex algebra $`(V;s)`$.

3.3. Conversely, let $`𝒜=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },\mathrm{})`$ be a vertex algebroid. We want to assign to it a split $`1`$-truncated vertex algebra. To this end one needs simply to invert the construction of the previous Section.

Namely $`V_0=A,V_1=T\mathrm{\Omega }`$; let $`:V_0V_1`$ be the composition of $`:A\mathrm{\Omega }`$ with the obvious embedding $`\mathrm{\Omega }V_1`$; let $`s:TV_1`$ be the obvious embedding.

Let us define the operations (i) as follows:

$$a_{(1)}b=ab;a_{(1)}\omega =a\omega ;a_{(1)}\tau =a\tau \gamma (a,\tau )$$
$`(\mathrm{3.3.1})`$
$$a_{(0)}b=a_{(0)}\omega =\omega _{(0)}\omega ^{}=0;\tau _{(0)}a=\tau (a);\tau _{(0)}\omega =\tau (\omega )$$
$`(\mathrm{3.3.2})`$
$$\tau _{(0)}\tau ^{}=[\tau ,\tau ^{}]c(\tau ,\tau ^{})+\frac{1}{2}\tau ,\tau ^{}$$
$`(\mathrm{3.3.3})`$
$$x_{(1)}y=x,y$$
$`(\mathrm{3.3.4})`$
By inverting the argument of the previous Section, one sees easily that we get a split $`1`$-truncated vertex algebra $`(V_0,V_1,\mathrm{})`$, to be denoted by $`u𝒜`$.

Let $`v𝒱ert_1^{}`$. For each splitting $`s`$ of $`v`$ we have by construction a canonical isomorphism

$$v\stackrel{}{}u𝒜(v;s)$$
$`(\mathrm{3.3.5})`$
For two vertex algebroids $`𝒜,𝒜^{}`$ define the set of morphisms between $`𝒜`$ and $`𝒜^{}`$ to be the subset of $`Hom_{𝒱ert_1}(u𝒜,u𝒜^{})`$ which consists of all morphisms $`g:u𝒜u𝒜^{}`$ such that $`g(\mathrm{\Omega })\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$. This way we get a category of vertex algebroids, to be denoted $`𝒜lg`$. The mapping $`u`$ induces a functor

$$u:𝒜lg𝒱ert_1^{}$$
$`(\mathrm{3.3.6})`$
which is in fact an equivalence of categories, due to (3.3.5).

3.4. Let $`𝒜=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },\mathrm{})`$ and $`𝒜^{}=(A^{},T^{},\mathrm{\Omega }^{},\mathrm{})`$ be two vertex algebroids. We want to describe explicitly the set of morphisms $`Hom_{𝒜lg}(𝒜,𝒜^{})Hom_{𝒱ert_1}(u𝒜,u𝒜^{})`$.

Let $`g:u𝒜u𝒜^{}`$ be a morphism belonging to $`Hom_{𝒜lg}(𝒜,𝒜^{})`$. Let $`g_A:AA^{}`$ be its component of weight $`0`$. Since $`g`$ preserves the operation (-1) and the vacuum, $`g_A`$ is a morphism of commutative $`k`$-algebras. Let $`g_1:T\mathrm{\Omega }T^{}\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$ be its component of weight $`1`$. We have $`g=g`$; therefore $`g_1(A)A^{}`$. By definition, $`g_1(\mathrm{\Omega })\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$. Let us denote by $`g_\mathrm{\Omega }:\mathrm{\Omega }\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$ and $`g_T:T=U𝒜/\mathrm{\Omega }U𝒜^{}/\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$ the morphisms induced by $`g_1`$. Thus, in components $`g_1`$ has the form

$$g_1(\tau ,\omega )=(g_T(\tau ),g_\mathrm{\Omega }(\omega )+h(\tau ))$$
$`(\mathrm{3.4.1})`$
where $`h:T\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$ is some $`k`$-linear mapping.

3.5. Theorem. The correspondence described in 3.4 provides a canonical isomorphism of the set $`Hom_{𝒜lg}(𝒜,𝒜^{})`$ with the set of all quadruples $`(g_A,g_T,g_\mathrm{\Omega },h)`$ where

$`(3.5A)`$ $`g_A:AA^{}`$ is a morphism of $`k`$-algebras;

$`(3.5\mathrm{\Omega })`$ $`g_\mathrm{\Omega }:\mathrm{\Omega }\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$ is a morphism of $`k`$-modules such that $`g_\mathrm{\Omega }(a)=g_A(a)`$ and $`g_\mathrm{\Omega }(a\omega )=g_A(a)g_\mathrm{\Omega }(\omega )`$;

$`(3.5T)`$ $`g_T:TT^{}`$ is a morphism of Lie $`k`$-algebras such that $`g_T(a\tau )=g_A(a)g_T(\tau )`$$`g_A(\tau (a))=g_T(\tau )(g_A(a))`$$`g_\mathrm{\Omega }(\tau (\omega ))=g_T(\tau )(g_\mathrm{\Omega }(\omega ))`$ and $`g_A(\tau ,\omega )=g_T(\tau ),g_\mathrm{\Omega }(\omega )`$;

$`(3.5\gamma )`$ $`h:T\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$ is a morphism of $`k`$-modules such that

$$h(a\tau )=g_A(a)h(\tau )\gamma ^{}(g_A(a),g_T(\tau ))+g_\mathrm{\Omega }(\gamma (a,\tau ));$$

$`(3.5,)`$ $`g_A(\tau _1,\tau _2)=g_T(\tau _1),g_T(\tau _2)^{}+g_T(\tau _1),h(\tau _2)+g_T(\tau _2),h(\tau _1)`$;

$`(3.5c)`$ $`g_\mathrm{\Omega }(c(\tau _1,\tau _2))=c^{}(g_T(\tau _1),g_T(\tau _2))+\frac{1}{2}g_T(\tau _1),h(\tau _2)\frac{1}{2}g_T(\tau _2),h(\tau _1)`$

$`g_T(\tau _1)(h(\tau _2))+g_T(\tau _2)(h(\tau _1))+h([\tau _1,\tau _2])`$.

3.6. Proof. By definition, a quadruple $`g=(g_A,g_T,g_\mathrm{\Omega },h)`$ defines a morphism $`u𝒜u𝒜^{}`$ iff it satisfies the identities (3.6.1) through (3.6.6) below $`(a,bA,x,yu𝒜_1)`$:

$$g_0(\text{1})=\text{1};g_0(a_{(1)}b)=g_0(a)_{(1)}g_0(b)$$
$`(\mathrm{3.6.1})`$
$$g_1(a)=g_0(a)$$
$`(\mathrm{3.6.2})`$
$$g_1(a_{(1)}x)=g_0(a)_{(1)}g_0(x)$$
$`(\mathrm{3.6.3})`$
$$g_1(x_{(0)}a)=g_1(x)_{(0)}g_0(a)$$
$`(\mathrm{3.6.4})`$
$$g_1(x_{(0)}y)=g_1(x)_{(0)}g_1(y)$$
$`(\mathrm{3.6.5})`$
$$g_0(x_{(1)}y)=g_1(x)_{(1)}g_1(y)$$
$`(\mathrm{3.6.6})`$
The condition (3.6.1) is equivalent to (3.5A); (3.6.2) and (3.6.3) for $`x=\omega `$ is equivalent to $`(3.5\mathrm{\Omega })`$. Let us write down (3.6.3) for $`x=\tau `$. We have

$$a_{(1)}\tau =(a\tau ,\gamma (a,\tau ))$$
$`(\mathrm{3.6.7})`$
Therefore $`g_1(a_{(1)}\tau )=(g(a\tau ),h(a\tau )g(\gamma (a,\tau ))`$ and

$$g_1(a)_{(1)}g_1(\tau )=g_1(a)_{(1)}(g(\tau ),h(\tau ))=(g(a)g(\tau ),\gamma (g(a),g(\tau ))+g(a)h(\tau ))$$

It follows that (3.6.3) for $`x=\tau `$ is equivalent to $`g(a\tau )=g(a)g(\tau )`$ and $`(3.5\gamma )`$. (3.6.4) for $`x=\omega `$ is vacuous. (3.6.4) for $`x=\tau `$ is quivalent to $`g(a\tau )=g(a)g(\tau )`$.

(3.6.6) for $`x,y\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is vacuous. (3.6.6) for $`x=\omega ,y=\tau `$ (or vice versa) is equivalent to $`g(\tau ,\omega )=g(\tau ),g(\omega )`$. We have

$$g_1(\tau _1)_{(1)}g_1(\tau _2)=g(\tau )_1,g(\tau _2)^{}+g(\tau _1),h(\tau _2)+g(\tau _2),h(\tau _1)$$

Therefore (3.6.6) for $`x,yT`$ is equivalent to $`(3.5,)`$.

(3.6.5) for $`x=\tau ,y=\omega `$ (or vice versa) is equivalent to $`g(\tau (\omega ))=g(\tau )(g(\omega ))`$. Finally, let us write down (3.6.5) for $`x,yT`$. We have

$$\tau _{1(0)}\tau _2=([\tau _1,\tau _2],c(\tau _1,\tau _2)+\frac{1}{2}\tau _1,\tau _2)$$
$`(\mathrm{3.6.8})`$
cf. (2.2.2) and $`(\mathrm{2.2.3})_c`$. Therefore

$$g_1(\tau _{1(0)}\tau _2)=(g([\tau _1,\tau _2],h([\tau _1,\tau _2])g(c(\tau _1,\tau _2)+\frac{1}{2}g(\tau _1),g(\tau _2)+$$

$$+\frac{1}{2}g(\tau _1),h(\tau _2)+\frac{1}{2}g(\tau _2),h(\tau _1))$$

where we have used $`(3.5,)`$. On the other hand,

$$g_1(\tau _1)_{(0)}g_1(\tau _2)=([g(\tau _1),g(\tau _2)],c^{}(g(\tau _1),g(\tau _2))+\frac{1}{2}g(\tau _1),g(\tau _2)+$$

$$+g(\tau _1)(h(\tau _2))g(\tau _2)(h(\tau _1))+h(\tau _1),g(\tau _2))$$

where we have used the formula

$$\omega _{(0)}\tau =\tau (\omega )+\tau ,\omega $$
$`(\mathrm{3.6.9})`$
following from (0.5.9) (cf. (2.3.5)). Therefore (3.6.5) for $`x,yT`$ is equivalent to the requirement that $`g_T`$ is a morphism of Lie algebras, and to $`(3.5c)`$. The theorem is proved. $``$

3.7. Let $`(A,T,\mathrm{})\stackrel{g}{}(A^{},T^{},\mathrm{})\stackrel{g^{}}{}(A^{\prime \prime },T^{\prime \prime },\mathrm{})`$ be two morphisms of vertex algebroids. Then their composition is obviously equal to

$$g^{}g=(g_A^{}g_A,g_T^{}g_T,g_\mathrm{\Omega }^{}g_\mathrm{\Omega },g_\mathrm{\Omega }^{}h+h^{}g_T)$$
$`(\mathrm{3.7.1})`$
cf. (3.4.1). The identity morphisms are

$$Id_𝒜=(Id_A,Id_T,Id_\mathrm{\Omega },0)$$
$`(\mathrm{3.7.2})`$
3.8. Theorem. (Extension of Mappings.) In the conditions of (3.5), let $`T_0T`$ be a $`k`$-submodule which generates $`T`$ as an $`A`$-module. Let $`g=(g_A,g_T,g_\mathrm{\Omega },h)`$ be such a quadruple that $`(3.5A),(3.5\mathrm{\Omega })`$ and $`(3.5T)`$ are fulfilled and such that $`(3.5\gamma ),(3.5,)`$ and $`(3.5c)`$ are fulfilled for all $`\tau ,\tau _iT_0`$.

Then $`(3.5\gamma ),(3.5,)`$ and $`(3.5c)`$ hold true for all $`\tau ,\tau _iT`$, i.e. $`g`$ defines a morphism $`𝒜𝒜^{}`$.

Cf. Theorem 1.9.

Proof. Let us prove that if $`(3.5\gamma )`$ is true $`(a,\tau )`$ with a fixed $`\tau `$ and all $`a`$, then it is true for all couples $`(a,b\tau )`$. We have to prove that

$$h(ab\tau )=g(a)h(b\tau )\gamma (g(a),g(b\tau ))+g(\gamma (a,b\tau ))$$
$`(\mathrm{?})`$
The left hand side is equal to

$$h(ab\tau )=g(ab)h(\tau )\gamma (g(ab),g(\tau ))+g(\gamma (ab,\tau ))=$$

$$=g(ab)h(\tau )\gamma (g(a),g(b)g(\tau ))g(a)\gamma (g(b),g(\tau ))g(\tau )(g(a))g(b)g(\tau )(g(b))g(a)+$$

$$+g(\gamma (a,b\tau ))+g(a\gamma (b,\tau ))+g(\tau (a)b)+g(\tau (b))a)$$

where we have used (A1). On the other hand, the first summand in the rhs is equal to

$$g(a)h(b\tau )=g(a)g(b)h(\tau )g(a)\gamma (g(b),g(\tau ))+g(a)g(\gamma (b,\tau )),$$

and we easily see that we have the required identity indeed.

The similar claims connected with the equations $`(3.5,)`$ and $`(3.5c)`$ are proved analogously, and we leave them to the reader. $``$

§4. Cofibered Structure

4.1. Let us introduce objects which lie ”in between” extended Lie algebroids and vertex algebroid. Let us define a vertex prealgebroid to be a sextuple $`=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,\gamma ,,)`$ where $`A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,\gamma ,,`$ are as in 1.4.

The data $`(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,|_{T\times \mathrm{\Omega }})`$ should form an extended Lie algebroids and the axioms 1.4 (A1) and (A2) must be satisfied.

Let us define a morphism between two vertex prealgebroids $`=(A,T,\mathrm{})`$ and $`^{}=(A^{},T^{},\mathrm{})`$ to be a quadruple $`g=(g_A,g_T,g_\mathrm{\Omega },h)`$ as in Theorem 3.5, satisfying the properties $`(3.5A)`$$`(3.5,)`$. The composition of morphisms and the identity morphisms are defined by the rules (3.7.1), (3.7.2). This way we get a category $`𝒫reAlg`$ of vertex prealgebroids.

We have obvious forgetful functors

$$𝒜lg\stackrel{P}{}𝒫reAlg\stackrel{Q}{}ieAlg$$
$`(\mathrm{4.1.1})`$
Note that $`P`$ is injective on $`Hom`$’s. The composition $`QP:𝒜lgieAlg`$ will be denoted by $`\mathrm{\Theta }`$.

We will use the standard notation for fibers. For example, if $`𝒫reAlg`$ then $`𝒜lg_{}`$ will denote the category whose objects are $`𝒜𝒜lg`$ such that $`P(𝒜)=`$ and morphisms are morphisms in $`𝒜`$ which go to $`Id_{}`$ after applying $`P`$, and similarly with the other fibers.

4.2. Let $`=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,\gamma ,,)𝒫reAlg`$; let $`𝒯=Q()=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,|_{T\times \mathrm{\Omega }})`$. Let $`\stackrel{~}{𝒜lg}_{}`$ be a full subcategory of $`𝒜lg_𝒯`$ with $`Ob\stackrel{~}{𝒜lg}_{}=Ob𝒜lg_{}`$. In other words, $`Hom_{\stackrel{~}{𝒜lg}_{}}(𝒜,𝒜^{})`$ consists of quadruples of the form $`g=(Id_A,Id_T,Id_\mathrm{\Omega },h)`$.

Note that all such $`g`$ are invertible, namely $`g^1=(Id_A,Id_T,\text{Id}_\mathrm{\Omega },h)`$, cf. (3.7.1), (3.7.2). In other words, $`\stackrel{~}{𝒜lg}_{}`$ is a groupoid.

Consider the de Rham-Chevalley complex of $`𝒯`$:

$$\mathrm{\Omega }^{}(𝒯):0A\mathrm{\Omega }\stackrel{d_{DR}}{}\mathrm{\Omega }^2\mathrm{}$$

cf. 1.3. Let $`𝒜_i=(\mathrm{},c_i)Ob\stackrel{~}{𝒜lg}_{},i=1,2`$. Set $`\alpha =c_1c_2`$. It follows from (A4) that

$$\tau _2,\alpha (\tau _1,\tau _3)+\tau _3,\alpha (\tau _1,\tau _2)=0,$$

i.e. $`\alpha \mathrm{\Omega }^3`$. It follows from (A5) that $`\alpha \mathrm{\Omega }^{3,cl}:=Ker(\mathrm{\Omega }^3\mathrm{\Omega }^4)`$, cf. (1.3.2).

Conversely, if $`𝒜=(\mathrm{},c)Ob\stackrel{~}{𝒜lg}_{}`$ and $`\alpha \mathrm{\Omega }^{3,cl}`$ then $`𝒜\stackrel{}{+}\alpha :=(\mathrm{},c+\alpha )Ob𝒜lg_{}`$. We have proven that

4.2.1. The set $`Ob\stackrel{~}{𝒜lg}_{}`$ is canonically an $`\mathrm{\Omega }^{3,cl}`$-torseur.

Let $`𝒜Ob\stackrel{~}{𝒜lg}_{}`$, $`𝒜^{}=𝒜\stackrel{}{+}\alpha ,\alpha \mathrm{\Omega }^{3,cl}`$, $`g=(Id_A,Id_T,Id_\mathrm{\Omega },h)Hom_{\stackrel{~}{𝒜lg}_{}}(𝒜,𝒜^{})`$. Then, due to $`(3.5\gamma )`$, $`h`$ must be $`A`$-linear; by $`(3.5,)`$, $`h\mathrm{\Omega }^2`$ and by $`(3.5c)`$, $`d_{DR}h=\alpha `$. Therefore,

4.2.2. the set $`Hom_{\stackrel{~}{𝒜lg}_{}}(𝒜,𝒜\stackrel{}{+}\alpha )`$ may be canonically identified with the set of $`h\mathrm{\Omega }^2`$ such that $`d_{DR}h=\alpha `$.

Consequently, the set of isomorphism classes of objects of the groupoid $`\stackrel{~}{𝒜lg}_{}`$ is equal to the third de Rham cohomology $`H^3(\mathrm{\Omega }^{}(𝒯))`$.

4.3. Let $`𝒯=(A,T,\mathrm{}),𝒯^{}=(A^{},T^{},\mathrm{})ieAlg`$, $`g=(g_A,g_T,g_\mathrm{\Omega })Hom_{ieAlg}(𝒯^{},𝒯)`$. Let $`𝒫reAlg_𝒯,^{}𝒫reAlg_𝒯^{}`$.

Let us consider the set $`Hom_g(^{},)Hom_{𝒫reAlg}(^{},)`$ consisting of all morphisms $`\stackrel{~}{g}`$ such that $`Q(\stackrel{~}{g})=g`$. Let $`\stackrel{~}{g}=(g_A,g_T,g_\mathrm{\Omega },h),\stackrel{~}{g}^{}=(g_A,g_T,g_\mathrm{\Omega },h^{})Hom_g(^{},)`$. Set $`\beta :=hh^{}:T\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$. Due to $`(3.5\gamma )`$ and $`(3.5,)`$, $`\beta `$ will satisfy the properties

$$\beta (a\tau )=g_A(a)\beta (\tau )$$
$`(\mathrm{4.3.1})`$
and

$$g_T(\tau _1),\beta (\tau _2)+g_T(\tau _2),\beta (\tau _1)=0$$
$`(\mathrm{4.3.2})`$
Let us denote by $`\mathrm{\Omega }_g^2`$ the set of all maps $`\beta :T^{}\mathrm{\Omega }`$ satisfying (4.3.1) and (4.3.2). It is an $`A`$-module in the obvious way, and consequently an $`A^{}`$-module, by restriction of scalars. In particular, $`\mathrm{\Omega }_{Id_𝒯}^2=\mathrm{\Omega }^2(𝒯)`$.

Vice versa, for each $`\beta \mathrm{\Omega }_g^2`$, the map $`\stackrel{~}{g}^{}\stackrel{}{+}\beta :=(g_A,g_T,g_\mathrm{\Omega },h+\beta )`$ belongs to $`Hom_g(^{},)`$. Thus we have proven that

4.3.1. the set $`Hom_g(^{},)`$ is canonically an $`\mathrm{\Omega }_g^2`$-torseur. In particular, if $`𝒯=𝒯^{}`$ then $`Hom_{𝒫reAlg_𝒯}(^{},)`$ is an $`\mathrm{\Omega }^2(𝒯)`$-torseur.

Similarly, let $`𝒜𝒜lg_𝒯,𝒜^{}𝒜lg_𝒯^{}`$. Let $`Hom_g(𝒜^{},𝒜)`$ be the subset of $`Hom_{𝒜lg}(𝒜^{},𝒜)`$ consisting of all morphisms $`\stackrel{~}{g}`$ such that $`\mathrm{\Theta }(\stackrel{~}{g})=g`$. Let $`\mathrm{\Omega }_g^{2,cl}`$ be the $`k`$-module of all maps $`\beta :T^{}\mathrm{\Omega }`$ satisfying (4.3.1), (4.3.2) and

$$\beta ([\tau _1,\tau _2])+g_T(\tau _1)(h(\tau _2))g_T(\tau _2)(h(\tau _1))g_T(\tau _1),h(\tau _2)=0$$
$`(\mathrm{4.3.3})`$
In particular, $`\mathrm{\Omega }_{Id_𝒯}^{2,cl}=\mathrm{\Omega }^{2,cl}(𝒯)`$, cf. (1.3.4). As above, due to (3.5c), we get

4.3.2. the set $`Hom_g(𝒜^{},𝒜)`$ is canonically an $`\mathrm{\Omega }_g^{2,cl}`$-torseur. In particular, if $`𝒯=𝒯^{}`$ then $`Hom_{𝒜lg_𝒯}(𝒜^{},𝒜)`$ is an $`\mathrm{\Omega }^{2,cl}(𝒯)`$-torseur.

If $`g^{}:𝒯^{\prime \prime }𝒯^{}`$ is another morphism of extended Lie algebroids, we have a composition map

$$\nu _{g,g^{}}:\mathrm{\Omega }_g^2\times \mathrm{\Omega }_g^{}^2\mathrm{\Omega }_{gg^{}}^2,\nu _{g,g^{}}(\beta ,\beta ^{}):=g_\mathrm{\Omega }\beta ^{}+\beta g_T^{}$$
$`(\mathrm{4.3.4})`$
It is a morphism of $`A^{}`$-modules. We have $`\nu _{g,g^{}}(\mathrm{\Omega }_g^{2,cl}\times \mathrm{\Omega }_g^{}^{2,cl})\mathrm{\Omega }_{gg^{}}^{2,cl}`$ (cf. Remark 4.4 below). The maps (4.3.4) are associative in the obvious sense (with respect to triples of composable morphisms in $`ieAlg`$).

On the other hand, given $`^{\prime \prime }𝒫reAlg_{𝒯^{\prime \prime }}`$, we have the composition

$$Hom_g(^{},)\times Hom_g^{}(^{\prime \prime },^{})Hom_{gg^{}}(^{\prime \prime },)$$
$`(\mathrm{4.3.5})`$
4.3.3. The map (4.3.5) is compatible with (4.3.4). Therefore, we have a canonical isomorphism of $`\mathrm{\Omega }_{gg^{}}^2`$-torseurs

$$\rho _{g,g^{}}:Hom_{gg^{}}(^{\prime \prime },)\stackrel{}{}\nu _{g,g^{}}(Hom_g(^{},)\times Hom_g^{}(^{\prime \prime },))$$
$`(\mathrm{4.3.6})`$
The isomorphisms $`\rho _{g,g^{}}`$ satisfy obvious $`2`$-cocycle equations connected with triples of composable morphisms $`(g,g^{},g^{\prime \prime })`$.

This follows from (3.7.1).

4.4. Remark. Generalizing 1.3, one can define the de Rham-Chevalley complexes $`\mathrm{\Omega }_g^{}`$ such that the modules $`\mathrm{\Omega }_g^2`$ and $`\mathrm{\Omega }_g^{2,cl}`$ from the previous no. become really the module of two-forms and closed ones respectively. These complexes come equipped with the composition maps $`\mathrm{\Omega }_g^{}\times \mathrm{\Omega }_g^{}^{}\mathrm{\Omega }_{gg^{}}^{}`$ which are compatible with the de Rham differentials and satisfy associativity.

We leave the necessary definitions as an exercise to the reader.

4.5. Theorem. Let $`g=(g_A,g_T,g_\mathrm{\Omega },h):^{}`$ be a morphism between vertex prealgebroids such that $`g_T`$ is an isomorphism. Let $`𝒜𝒜lg_{}`$. There exists a unique pair $`(g_{}𝒜,\stackrel{~}{g})`$ where $`g_{}𝒜𝒜lg_{^{}}`$ and $`\stackrel{~}{g}:𝒜g_{}𝒜`$ is a morphism of vertex algebroids such that $`P(\stackrel{~}{g})=\stackrel{~}{g}`$.

Proof. Uniqueness. Let $`𝒜=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,\gamma ,,,c)`$;

let $`𝒜^{}=(A^{},T^{},\mathrm{\Omega }^{},^{},,^{},\gamma ^{},c^{})𝒜lg_{^{}}`$. A morphism $`\stackrel{~}{g}:𝒜𝒜^{}`$ such that $`P(\stackrel{~}{g})=g`$ must of course be represented by the same quadruple as $`g`$, i.e. $`\stackrel{~}{g}=(g_A,g_T,g_\mathrm{\Omega },h)`$. It is a morphism of vertex algebroids iff the condition $`(3.5c)`$ is fulfilled, i.e. iff

$$c^{}(g_T(\tau _1),g_T(\tau _2))=g_\mathrm{\Omega }(c(\tau _1,\tau _2))\frac{1}{2}^{}g_T(\tau _1),h(\tau _2)^{}+\frac{1}{2}^{}g_T(\tau _2),h(\tau _1)^{}+$$

$$+g_T(\tau _1)(h(\tau _2))g_T(\tau _2)(h(\tau _1))h([\tau _1,\tau _2])$$
$`(\mathrm{4.5.1})`$
This equation defines $`c^{}`$ uniquely since $`g_T`$ is an isomorphism by assumption.

Existence. We have to check that the map $`c^{}`$ defined by (4.5.1) satisfies axioms (A3), (A4), (A5). Let us check (A4) for example.

To unburden the notation, let us assume that $`Q()=Q(^{})`$ and $`g=(Id_A,Id_T,Id_\mathrm{\Omega },h)`$ (the general case being treated by an identical computation). We have to prove that

$$\tau _2,c^{}(\tau _1,\tau _3)+\tau _3,c^{}(\tau _1,\tau _2)=$$

$$=[\tau _1,\tau _2],\tau _3^{}+[\tau _1,\tau _3],\tau _2^{}\tau _1(\tau _2,\tau _3^{})+\frac{1}{2}\tau _2(\tau _1,\tau _3)^{})+\frac{1}{2}\tau _3(\tau _1,\tau _2^{})$$
$`(\mathrm{?})`$
We have

$$\tau _2,c^{}(\tau _1,\tau _3)=\tau _2,c(\tau _1,\tau _3)\frac{1}{2}\tau _1,h(\tau _3)\tau _3)+\frac{1}{2}\tau _3,h(\tau _1)+\tau _1(h(\tau _3))$$

$$\tau _3(h(\tau _1))h([\tau _1,\tau _3])=\tau _2,c(\tau _1,\tau _3)\frac{1}{2}\tau _2(\tau _1,h(\tau _3))+\frac{1}{2}\tau _2(\tau _3,h(\tau _1))+$$

$$+\tau _1(\tau _2,h(\tau _3))[\tau _1,\tau _2],h(\tau _3)\tau _3(\tau _2,h(\tau _1))[\tau _3,\tau _2],h(\tau _1)\tau _2,h([\tau _1,\tau _3])$$

Similarly, interchanging $`\tau _2`$ with $`\tau _3`$,

$$\tau _3,c^{}(\tau _1,\tau _2)=\tau _3,c(\tau _1,\tau _2)\frac{1}{2}\tau _3(\tau _1,h(\tau _2))+\frac{1}{2}\tau _3(\tau _2,h(\tau _1))+$$

$$+\tau _1(\tau _3,h(\tau _2))[\tau _1,\tau _3],h(\tau _2)\tau _2(\tau _3,h(\tau _1))[\tau _2,\tau _3],h(\tau _1)\tau _3,h([\tau _1,\tau _2])$$

By assumption,

$$\tau _2,c(\tau _1,\tau _3)+\tau _3,c(\tau _1,\tau _2)=$$

$$=[\tau _1,\tau _2],\tau _3+[\tau _1,\tau _3],\tau _2\tau _1(\tau _2,\tau _3)+\frac{1}{2}\tau _2(\tau _1,\tau _3))+\frac{1}{2}\tau _3(\tau _1,\tau _2)$$

Using this and the axiom $`(3.5,)`$ which takes the form

$$\tau _1,\tau _2^{}=\tau _1,\tau _2\tau _1,h(\tau _2)\tau _2,h(\tau _1)$$

we get the required identity (?).

The other two axioms, (A3) and (A5), are checked in a similar manner, and we leave them to the reader. It is convenient to check (A5) in its equivalent form $`(A5)^{ter}`$, see 1.6. $``$

§5. Chern-Simons

5.1. Let us define a frame of a Lie $`A`$-algebroid $`T`$ to be a $`k`$-submodule $`𝔤T`$ such that $`A_k𝔤=T`$. For example, if $`T`$ is a free $`A`$-module and $`\{\tau _i\}`$ is some $`A`$-base of $`T`$ then $`𝔤_{\{\tau _i\}}:=k\tau _i`$ is a frame in $`T`$.

A frame of a vertex $`A`$-algebroid (resp. prealgebroid, extended Lie algebroid) is by definition a frame of the underlying Lie algebroid $`T`$. A vertex algebroid (resp. prealgebroid, …) equipped with a frame will be called framed.

We will call an extended Lie algebroid $`𝒯`$ quasiregular if it is perfect (see 1.2) and admits a frame.

5.2. Let us consider the situation of 4.3, and assume that $`𝒯^{}`$ is equipped with a frame $`𝔤^{}`$ and $`𝒯`$ is perfect. Let us assume that $`g_T`$ is an isomorphism. Then $`𝔤:=g_T(𝔤^{})`$ is a frame in $`T`$. Let us define a $`k`$-linear map $`h_𝔤^{}:𝔤^{}\mathrm{\Omega }`$ by the condition

$$g_T(\tau _1),h_𝔤^{}(\tau _2)=\frac{1}{2}\{g_A(\tau _1,\tau _2^{})g_T(\tau _1),g_T(\tau _2)\}(\tau _i𝔤^{})$$
$`(\mathrm{5.2.1})`$
Since $`g_T`$ is an isomorphism, (5.2.1) defines $`h_𝔤^{}`$ uniquely. Then the condition $`(3.5,)`$ is obviously satisfied for all $`\tau _i𝔤^{}`$. There is a unique extension of $`h_𝔤^{}`$ to a map $`h_𝔤^{}:T^{}\mathrm{\Omega }`$ satisfying $`(3.5\gamma )`$ for all $`\tau 𝔤^{}`$.

By Theorem 3.8, the conditions $`(3.5\gamma )`$ and $`(3.5,)`$ are then fulfilled for all $`\tau ,\tau _iT`$, that is, $`g_𝔤^{}:=(g,h_𝔤^{})`$ is a morphism of vertex prealgebroids $`^{}`$.

In other words,

5.2.1. the $`\mathrm{\Omega }^2(𝒯)`$-torseur $`Hom_g(^{},)`$ is equipped with a trivialization $`g_𝔤^{}`$.

5.3. Let $`(𝒯,𝔤)`$ be a framed extended Lie algebroid. We can define a vertex algebroid $`𝒜_{𝒯,𝔤}`$ by setting $`\gamma (a,\tau )=0,\tau ,\tau ^{}=c(\tau ,\tau ^{})=0`$ for all $`aA,\tau ,\tau ^{}𝔤`$ and then extending the operations $`\gamma ,,,c`$ to the whole of $`T`$ using the axioms (A1) — (A3). By Theorem 1.9 we get a vertex algebroid, to be denoted $`𝒜_{𝒯;𝔤}`$.

If $`𝔤`$ is a Lie subalgebra of $`T`$ then $`𝒜_{𝒯;𝔤}`$ may be defined as follows. Take the vertex $`k`$-algebroid $`𝒜_𝔤=(k,𝔤,𝔤^{},0,0,,,0)`$ where $`𝔤`$ acts on $`𝔤^{}`$ in the coadjoint way, $`,|_{𝔤\times 𝔤^{}}`$ is the obvious pairing, the other components of $`,`$ being zero. Then apply to $`𝒜_𝔤`$ the pushout with respect to the structure morphism $`kA`$, where we set $`\gamma (a,\tau )=0`$ for $`\tau 𝔤`$ and the Lie algebra acts on $`A`$ due to the embedding $`𝔤T`$, cf. 1.10. We get a vertex $`A`$-algebroid which is equal to $`𝒜_{𝒯;𝔤}`$.

We set $`_{𝒯;𝔤}:=P(𝒜_{𝒯;𝔤})`$.

Let us call the frame $`𝔤`$ abelian if $`𝔤`$ is an abelian Lie subalgebra of $`T`$, i.e. $`[\tau ,\tau ^{}]=0`$ for all $`\tau ,\tau ^{}𝔤`$. We call an extended Lie algebroid $`𝒯`$ regular if it is perfect and admits an abelian frame.

5.4. Let $`𝒯=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },\mathrm{})`$ be a regular extended Lie algebroid. Let $`𝔤,𝔤^{}`$ be two abelian frames of $`𝒯`$. Let us assume that $`𝔤`$ and $`𝔤^{}`$ are free $`k`$-modules of finite rank $`n`$. In the sequel we will need some formulas pertaining to this situation.

Choose some $`k`$-bases $`\{\tau _i\},\{\tau _i^{}\},i=1,\mathrm{},n,`$ of $`𝔤`$ and $`𝔤^{}`$ respectively; let $`\{\omega _i\}𝔤^{},\{\omega _i^{}\}\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$ be the dual bases. Note that

$$\tau _i(\omega _j)=0\text{for all }i,j,$$
$`(\mathrm{5.4.1})`$
since for all $`p`$, $`\tau _p,\tau _i(\omega _j)=\tau _i(\tau _p,\omega _j)[\tau _i,\tau _p],\omega _j=0`$ because $`𝔤`$ is abelian and $`\tau _p,\omega _j=\delta _{pj}`$.

Recall that

$$\tau ,ab=a\tau (b)$$
$`(\mathrm{5.4.2})`$
and

$$(a\tau )(\omega )=a\tau (\omega )+\tau ,\omega a$$
$`(\mathrm{5.4.3})`$
Since $`\tau _i,a=\tau _i(a)`$,

$$a=\tau _i(a)\omega _i$$
$`(\mathrm{5.4.4})`$
where we always imply the summation over repeating indices.

Define the matrices $`\varphi =(\varphi ^{ij}),\rho =(\rho ^{ij})GL_n(A)`$ by $`\tau _i^{}=\varphi ^{ij}\tau _j,\omega _i^{}=\rho ^{ij}\omega _j`$. Since $`\tau _i,\omega _j=\tau _i^{},\omega _j^{}=\delta _{ij}`$, we have

$$\varphi \rho ^t=1$$
$`(\mathrm{5.4.5})`$
where $`(\rho ^t)^{ij}=\rho ^{ij}`$. Since $`[\tau _i,\tau _j]=[\tau _i^{},\tau _j^{}]=0`$,

$$\varphi ^{ip}\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})=\varphi ^{jp}\tau _p(\varphi ^{iq})$$
$`(\mathrm{5.4.6})`$
for all $`i,j,q`$. Applying $`\tau _r`$ to (5.4.6) we get

$$\varphi ^{ip}\tau _r\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})\varphi ^{jp}\tau _r\tau _p(\varphi ^{iq})=\tau _r(\varphi ^{jp})\tau _p(\varphi ^{iq})\tau _r(\varphi ^{ip})\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})$$
$`(\mathrm{5.4.7})`$
for all $`i,j,q,r`$. Setting here $`r=q`$ and summing up by $`q`$ we get

$$\varphi ^{ip}\tau _q\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})=\varphi ^{jq}\tau _p\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})$$
$`(\mathrm{5.4.8})`$
for all $`i,j`$. Applying $`\tau _r`$ we get

$$\varphi ^{ip}\tau _r\tau _q\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})\varphi ^{jq}\tau _r\tau _p\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})=\tau _r(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _p\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})\tau _r(\varphi ^{ip})\tau _q\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})$$
$`(\mathrm{5.4.9})`$
It follows from (5.4.5) that

$$\tau _r(\rho )=\rho \tau _r(\varphi ^t)\rho ;\tau _r(\varphi )=\varphi \tau _r(\rho ^t)\varphi $$
$`(\mathrm{5.4.10})`$
for all $`r`$. Multiplying (5.4.6) by $`\rho ^{ia}`$ and summing up by $`i`$, we get

$$\tau _a(\varphi ^{jq})=\varphi ^{jp}\rho ^{ia}\tau _p(\varphi ^{iq})$$
$`(\mathrm{5.4.11})`$
whence

$$\rho ^{ib}\tau _a(\varphi ^{iq})=\rho ^{ia}\tau _b(\varphi ^{iq})$$
$`(\mathrm{5.4.12})`$
By (5.4.10)

$$\tau _c(\rho ^{ub})=\rho ^{uk}\tau _c(\varphi ^{lk})\rho ^{lb}\stackrel{\left(\mathrm{5.4.11}\right)}{=}$$

$$=\rho ^{uk}\varphi ^{lp}\rho ^{ic}\tau _p(\varphi ^{ik})\rho ^{lb}=\rho ^{uk}\tau _b(\varphi ^{ik})\rho ^{ic}=\tau _b(\rho ^{uc})$$

Thus,

$$\tau _a(\rho ^{bc})=\tau _c(\rho ^{ba})$$
$`(\mathrm{5.4.13})`$
5.5. In the situation 5.4, consider the vertex prealgebroids $`_{𝒯;𝔤}=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,\gamma ,,)`$ and $`_{𝒯;𝔤^{}}=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },,\gamma ^{},,^{})`$. According to 5.2, we have an isomorphism

$$g_{𝔤,𝔤^{}}=(Id_A,Id_T,Id_\mathrm{\Omega },h_{𝔤,𝔤^{}}):_{𝒯;𝔤^{}}\stackrel{}{}_{𝒯;𝔤}$$
$`(\mathrm{5.5.1})`$
where $`h=h_{𝔤;𝔤^{}}`$ is defined by

$$\tau _i^{},h(\tau _j^{})=\frac{1}{2}\tau _i^{},\tau _j^{}$$
$`(\mathrm{5.5.2})`$
which is (5.2.1) in our situation.

Now consider the vertex algebroids $`𝒜_{𝒯;𝔤}=(\mathrm{},c),𝒜_{𝒯;𝔤^{}}=(\mathrm{},c^{})`$. We have $`g_{}𝒜_{𝒯;𝔤^{}},𝒜_{𝒯;𝔤}𝒜lg_{_{𝒯;𝔤}}`$. Therefore, by 4.2.1 $`𝒜_{𝒯;𝔤}=g_{}𝒜_{𝒯;𝔤^{}}\stackrel{}{+}\beta `$ for some closed $`3`$-form $`\beta `$.

Let us define a form $`\beta =\beta _{𝔤,𝔤^{}}\mathrm{\Omega }^3(𝒯)`$ by

$$\beta (\tau _i^{},\tau _j^{})=\beta ^{ijr}\omega _r^{}=\frac{1}{2}\left\{\tau _u(\varphi ^{jp})\tau _p(\varphi ^{iq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ru})\tau _u(\varphi ^{ip})\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ru})\right\}\omega _r^{}$$
$`(\mathrm{5.5.3})`$
5.6. Magic Lemma. The form $`\beta _{𝔤,𝔤^{}}`$ is closed and we have $`𝒜_{𝒯;𝔤}=g_{}𝒜_{𝒯;𝔤^{}}\stackrel{}{+}\beta _{𝔤,𝔤^{}}`$.

5.7. Proof. Let us write down the things explicitly. The following formulas hold true in the algebroid $`𝒜_{𝒯;𝔤}`$ (they are (1.8.3) in our situation):

$$\gamma (a,b\tau _i)=\tau _i(a)b\tau _i(b)a$$
$`(\mathrm{5.7.1})_\gamma `$
$$a\tau _i,b\tau _j=b\tau _i\tau _j(a)a\tau _j\tau _i(b)\tau _i(b)\tau _j(a)$$
$`(\mathrm{5.7.1})_,`$
$$c(a\tau _i,b\tau _j)=\frac{1}{2}\{\tau _i(b)\tau _j(a)\tau _j(a)\tau _i(b)\}+\frac{1}{2}\{b\tau _i\tau _j(a)a\tau _j\tau _i(b)\}$$
$`(\mathrm{5.7.1})_c`$
Define the matrix $`(h^{ij})Mat_n(A)`$ by $`h(\tau _i^{})=h^{ij}\omega _j`$. The left hand side of (5.5.2) is equal to

$$\varphi ^{ip}\tau _p,h^{jq}\omega _q=\varphi ^{ip}h^{jp}$$

By $`(\mathrm{5.7.1})_,`$, the right hand side is equal to

$$\frac{1}{2}\{\varphi ^{jq}\tau _p\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})+\varphi ^{ip}\tau _q\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})+\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})\}\stackrel{\left(\mathrm{5.4.8}\right)}{=}$$

$$=\varphi ^{ip}\tau _q\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})+\frac{1}{2}\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})$$

Thus, the equation (5.5.2) takes the form

$$\varphi ^{ip}h^{jp}=\varphi ^{ip}\tau _q\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})+\frac{1}{2}\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})$$

wherefrom, applying (5.4.5),

$$h^{ij}=\tau _p\tau _j(\varphi ^{ip})+\frac{1}{2}\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})\tau _p(\varphi ^{rq})\rho ^{rj}$$
$`(\mathrm{5.7.2})`$
We have to prove that

$$c(\tau _i^{},\tau _j^{})=g_{}c^{}(\tau _i^{},\tau _j^{})+\beta (\tau _i^{},\tau _j^{})$$

where $`g_{}c^{}`$ is defined by

$$g_{}c^{}(\tau _i^{},\tau _j^{})=c^{}(\tau _i^{},\tau _j^{})+\tau _i^{}(h(\tau _j^{}))\tau _j^{}(h(\tau _i^{})),$$

by (4.5.1). Thus, we have to prove that

$$c(\tau _i^{},\tau _j^{})c^{}(\tau _i^{},\tau _j^{})\tau _i^{}(h(\tau _j^{}))+\tau _j^{}(h(\tau _i^{}))=\beta (\tau _i^{},\tau _j^{})$$
$`(\mathrm{5.7.3})`$
By definition, $`c^{}(\tau _i^{},\tau _j^{})=0`$. By $`(\mathrm{5.7.1})_c`$ and (5.4.8) we have

$$c(\tau _i^{},\tau _j^{})=c(\varphi ^{ip}\tau _p,\varphi ^{jq}\tau _q)=\frac{1}{2}\left\{\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})\right\}$$
$`(\mathrm{5.7.4})`$
On the other hand, by (5.4.1) and (5.4.3),

$$\tau _i^{}(h(\tau _j^{}))=(\varphi ^{ip}\tau _p)(h^{jq}\omega _q)=\varphi ^{ip}\tau _p(h^{jq}\omega _q)+\tau _p,h^{jq}\omega _q\varphi ^{ip}=\varphi ^{ip}\tau _p(h^{jq})\omega _q+h^{jp}\varphi ^{ip}$$

where we have used (5.4.1). Thus, (5.7.3) takes the form

$$\frac{1}{2}\left\{\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})\right\}$$

$$\varphi ^{ip}\tau _p(h^{jq})\omega _qh^{jp}\varphi ^{ip}+\varphi ^{jp}\tau _p(h^{iq})\omega _q+h^{ip}\varphi ^{jp}=\beta ^{ijr}\omega _r^{}$$
$`(\mathrm{5.7.5})`$
We have to prove that the matrix $`(h^{ij})`$ defined by (5.7.2) satisfies the differential equation (5.7.5). Using (5.4.4), rewrite (5.7.5) in the form

$$\frac{1}{2}\left\{\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _l\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})\tau _l\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})\right\}$$

$$\varphi ^{ip}\tau _p(h^{jl})h^{jp}\tau _l(\varphi ^{ip})+\varphi ^{jp}\tau _p(h^{il})+h^{ip}\tau _l(\varphi ^{jp})=\beta ^{ijr}\rho ^{rl}\omega _l$$
$`(\mathrm{5.7.6})`$
Denote

$$A=\frac{1}{2}\left\{\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _l\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})\tau _l\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})\right\},$$

$$B=B^{ij}=\varphi ^{ip}\tau _p(h^{jl})h^{jp}\tau _l(\varphi ^{ip}),$$

and

$$C=B^{ji}=\varphi ^{jp}\tau _p(h^{il})+h^{ip}\tau _l(\varphi ^{jp})$$

We have to prove that $`A+B+C=\beta ^{ijr}\rho ^{rl}\omega _l`$ where $`h^{ij}`$ is given by (5.7.2) and $`\beta ^{ijr}`$ is given by (5.5.3). Thus, we have

$$B=\varphi ^{ip}\tau _p\left\{\tau _q\tau _l(\varphi ^{jq})+\frac{1}{2}\tau _u(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ru})\rho ^{rl}\right\}\tau _l(\varphi ^{ip})\left\{\tau _q\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})+\frac{1}{2}\tau _u(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ru})\rho ^{rp}\right\}$$

and

$$C=\varphi ^{jp}\tau _p\left\{\tau _q\tau _l(\varphi ^{iq})+\frac{1}{2}\tau _u(\varphi ^{iq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ru})\rho ^{rl}\right\}+\tau _l(\varphi ^{jp})\left\{\tau _q\tau _p(\varphi ^{iq})+\frac{1}{2}\tau _u(\varphi ^{iq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ru})\rho ^{rp}\right\}$$

Let us denote the $`n`$-th summand in an expression $`X`$ by $`Xn`$ (where we open the brackets). We have

$$B1+C1=\varphi ^{ip}\tau _p\tau _q\tau _l(\varphi ^{jq})+\varphi ^{jp}\tau _p\tau _q\tau _l(\varphi ^{iq})\stackrel{\left(\mathrm{5.4.9}\right)}{=}$$

$$=\tau _l(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _p\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})+\tau _l(\varphi ^{iq})\tau _p\tau _q(\varphi ^{jp})=C3B3$$

Next,

$$B2=\frac{1}{2}\varphi ^{ip}\left\{\tau _p\tau _u(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ru})\rho ^{rl}+\tau _u(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _p\tau _q(\varphi ^{ru})\rho ^{rl}+\tau _u(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ru})\tau _p(\rho ^{rl})\right\}$$

We have

$$B21=\frac{1}{2}\varphi ^{ip}\tau _p\tau _u(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ru})\rho ^{rl}\stackrel{\left(\mathrm{5.4.7}\right)}{=}$$

$$=\frac{1}{2}\left\{\varphi ^{jp}\tau _p\tau _u(\varphi ^{iq})+\tau _u(\varphi ^{jp})\tau _p(\varphi ^{iq})\tau _u(\varphi ^{ip})\tau _p(\varphi ^{jq})\right\}\tau _q(\varphi ^{ru})\rho ^{rl}$$

Next,

$$B22=\frac{1}{2}\varphi ^{ip}\tau _p\tau _q(\varphi ^{ru})\tau _u(\varphi ^{jq})\rho ^{rl}\stackrel{\left(\mathrm{5.4.7}\right)}{=}$$

$$=\frac{1}{2}\tau _u(\varphi ^{jq})\rho ^{rl}\left\{\varphi ^{rp}\tau _p\tau _q(\varphi ^{iu})+\tau _q(\varphi ^{rp})\tau _p(\varphi ^{iu})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})\tau _p(\varphi ^{ru})\right\}=$$

$$=\frac{1}{2}\tau _u(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _l\tau _q(\varphi ^{iu})\frac{1}{2}\tau _u(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{rp})\tau _p(\varphi ^{iu})\rho ^{rl}+\frac{1}{2}\tau _u(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ip})\tau _p(\varphi ^{ru})\rho ^{rl}$$

We see that $`B221=A1,B222=B213`$ and $`B223=B212`$. Similarly, $`A2=C221`$. We compute $`B23`$ using (5.4.10):

$$B23=\frac{1}{2}\varphi ^{ip}\tau _u(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ru})\rho ^{ra}\tau _p(\varphi ^{ba})\rho ^{bl}\stackrel{\left(\mathrm{5.4.6}\right)}{=}$$

$$=\frac{1}{2}\varphi ^{bp}\tau _p(\varphi ^{ia})\tau _u(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ru})\rho ^{ra}\rho ^{bl}=\frac{1}{2}\tau _l(\varphi ^{ia})\tau _u(\varphi ^{jq})\tau _q(\varphi ^{ru})\rho ^{ra}=B4$$

Finally, $`B211+C211=\beta ^{ijr}\rho ^{rl}\omega _l`$. Everything except these last terms cancels out, and this proves the Lemma. $``$

§6. Atiyah

6.1. Let $`𝒯=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },)`$ be a perfect extended Lie algebroid. Let $`𝔤,𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime }`$ be three frames in $`T`$. According to 5.2, we have the morphisms of the corresponding vertex prealgebroids

$$_{𝒯;𝔤^{\prime \prime }}\stackrel{g_{𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime }}}{}_{𝒯;𝔤^{}}\stackrel{g_{𝔤,𝔤^{}}}{}_{𝒯;𝔤}$$
$`(\mathrm{6.1.1})`$
as well as the morphism $`g_{𝔤;𝔤^{\prime \prime }}:_{𝒯;𝔤^{\prime \prime }}_{𝒯;𝔤}`$, all of them over $`Id_𝒯`$. Recall that $`Hom_{𝒫re𝒜lg_𝒯}(_{𝒯;𝔤^{\prime \prime }},_{𝒯;𝔤^{}})`$ is an $`\mathrm{\Omega }^2(𝒯)`$-torseur, cf. 4.3.1. We are aiming to compute the discrepancy

$$\alpha _{𝔤,𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime }}:=g_{𝔤;𝔤^{}}g_{𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime }}g_{𝔤,𝔤^{\prime \prime }}\mathrm{\Omega }^2(𝒯)$$
$`(\mathrm{6.1.2})`$
We have the functions $`h_{𝔤,𝔤^{}}`$, etc., acting from $`T`$ to $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ (not $`A`$-linear!), as in the previous Section, which define our morphisms. By (3.7.1) the composition $`g_{𝔤;𝔤^{}}g_{𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime }}`$ is defined by the function $`h_{𝔤;𝔤^{}}+h_{𝔤^{};𝔤^{\prime \prime }}`$; therefore the discrepancy (6.1.2) is defined by the $`A`$-linear function

$$\alpha _{𝔤,𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime }}=h_{𝔤,𝔤^{}}+h_{𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime }}h_{𝔤,𝔤^{\prime \prime }}\mathrm{\Omega }^2(𝒯)Hom_A(T,\mathrm{\Omega })$$
$`(\mathrm{6.1.3})`$
which by definition coincides with (6.1.2).

Note that the functions (6.1.3) obviously satisfy the $`2`$-cocycle condition

$$\alpha _{𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime },𝔤^{\prime \prime \prime }}\alpha _{𝔤,𝔤^{\prime \prime },𝔤^{\prime \prime \prime }}+\alpha _{𝔤,𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime \prime }}\alpha _{𝔤,𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime }}=0$$
$`(\mathrm{6.1.4})`$
6.2. Choose some bases $`\{\tau _i\},\{\tau _i^{}\}`$ and $`\{\tau _i^{\prime \prime }\}`$ of our frames $`𝔤,𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime }`$; let $`\{\omega _i\},\{\omega _i^{}\},\{\omega _i^{\prime \prime }\}`$ be the dual bases in $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$. Define two matrices $`\varphi ,\psi GL_n(A)`$ by $`\tau _i^{}=\varphi ^{ij}\tau _j,\tau _i^{\prime \prime }=\psi ^{ij}\tau _j^{}`$ and set $`\rho :=\varphi ^{1t},\sigma :=\psi ^{1t}`$.

The maps $`h_{𝔤,𝔤^{}}`$, etc., are defined by the matrices $`(h_{𝔤,𝔤^{}}^{ij})`$, etc., where $`h_{𝔤,𝔤^{}}(\tau _i^{})=h_{𝔤,𝔤^{}}^{ij}\omega _j`$, etc.

By $`(3.5\gamma )`$ and $`(\mathrm{5.7.1})_\gamma `$ we have

$$h_{𝔤,𝔤^{}}(a\tau _i^{})=ah_{𝔤,𝔤^{}}(\tau _i^{})\gamma (a,\tau _i^{})=ah_{𝔤,𝔤^{}}(\tau _i^{})\gamma (a,\varphi ^{ip}\tau _p)=$$

$$=ah_{𝔤,𝔤^{}}(\tau _i^{})+\tau _p(a)\varphi ^{ip}+\tau _p(\varphi ^{ip})a$$

Therefore,

$$A:=h_{𝔤,𝔤^{}}(\tau _i^{\prime \prime })=h_{𝔤,𝔤^{}}(\psi ^{ij}\tau _j^{})=\psi ^{ij}h_{𝔤,𝔤^{}}(\tau _j^{})+\tau _p(\psi ^{ij})\varphi ^{jp}+\tau _p(\varphi ^{jp})\psi ^{ij};$$

$$B:=h_{𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime }}(\tau _i^{\prime \prime })=h_{𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime }}^{ia}\omega _a^{}=h_{𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime }}^{ia}\rho ^{al}\omega _l=$$

by (5.7.2)

$$=\left\{\tau _p^{}\tau _a^{}(\psi ^{ip})+\frac{1}{2}\tau _q^{}(\psi ^{ip})\tau _p^{}(\psi ^{rq})\sigma ^{ra}\right\}\rho ^{al}\omega _l$$

and

$$C=h_{𝔤,𝔤^{\prime \prime }}(\tau _i^{\prime \prime })=h_{𝔤,𝔤^{\prime \prime }}^{il}\omega _l=\left\{\tau _p\tau _l((\psi \varphi )^{ip})+\frac{1}{2}\tau _q((\psi \varphi )^{ip})\tau _p((\psi \varphi )^{rq})(\sigma \rho )^{rl}\right\}\omega _l$$

We have to calculate $`\alpha _{𝔤,𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime }}(\tau _i^{\prime \prime })=A+B+C`$. In the computation we shall use the same convention for the notation of various terms in $`A,B,C,\mathrm{}`$ as in 5.7.

So, we have

$$A1=\psi ^{ij}h_{𝔤,𝔤^{}}^{jl}\omega _l=\psi ^{ij}\left\{\tau _p\tau _l(\varphi ^{jp})+\frac{1}{2}\tau _q(\varphi ^{jp})\tau _p(\varphi ^{rq})\rho ^{rl}\right\}\omega _l$$

By (5.4.4),

$$A2=\tau _p(\psi ^{ij})\tau _l(\varphi ^{jp})\omega _l$$

and

$$A3=\tau _p(\varphi ^{jp})\tau _l(\psi ^{ij})\omega _l$$

Next,

$$B1=\varphi ^{pu}\tau _u\varphi ^{av}\tau _v(\psi ^{ip})\rho ^{al}\omega _l=\varphi ^{pu}\tau _u\tau _l(\psi ^{ip})\omega _l+\varphi ^{pu}\tau _u(\varphi ^{av})\tau _v(\psi ^{ip})\rho ^{al}\omega _l$$

and

$$B2=\frac{1}{2}\varphi ^{qu}\varphi ^{pv}\tau _u(\psi ^{ip})\tau _v(\psi ^{rq})\sigma ^{ra}\rho ^{al}\omega _l$$

Finally,

$$C1=\tau _p\tau _l(\psi ^{iu}\varphi ^{up})\omega _l=\varphi ^{up}\tau _p\tau _l(\psi ^{iu})\omega _l\psi ^{iu}\tau _p\tau _l(\varphi ^{up})\omega _l$$

$$\tau _p(\psi ^{iu})\tau _l(\varphi ^{up})\omega _l\tau _l(\psi ^{iu})\tau _p(\varphi ^{up})\omega _l$$

and

$$C2=\frac{1}{2}\left\{\varphi ^{up}\tau _q(\psi ^{iu})+\psi ^{iu}\tau _q(\varphi ^{up})\right\}\left\{\varphi ^{vq}\tau _p(\psi ^{rv})+\psi ^{rv}\tau _p(\varphi ^{vq})\right\}\sigma ^{rs}\rho ^{sl}\omega _l=$$

$$=\frac{1}{2}\{\varphi ^{up}\varphi ^{vq}\tau _q(\psi ^{iu})\tau _p(\psi ^{rv})\sigma ^{rs}\rho ^{sl}+\psi ^{iu}\varphi ^{vq}\tau _p(\psi ^{rv})\tau _q(\varphi ^{up})\sigma ^{rs}\rho ^{sl}+$$

$$+\varphi ^{up}\tau _q(\psi ^{iu})\tau _p(\varphi ^{sq})\rho ^{sl}+\psi ^{iu}\tau _q(\varphi ^{up})\tau _p(\varphi ^{sq})\rho ^{sl}\}\omega _l$$

We see first of all the terms of the second order cancel out, as they should: $`A11=C12`$ and $`B11=C11`$. Most of the other terms also cancel out, and in $`A+B+C`$ we are left only with

$$B12+C23=\frac{1}{2}\varphi ^{up}\tau _p(\varphi ^{sq})\tau _q(\psi ^{iu})\rho ^{sl}\omega _l\stackrel{\left(\mathrm{5.4.6}\right)}{=}$$

$$=\frac{1}{2}\varphi ^{sp}\tau _p(\varphi ^{uq})\tau _q(\psi ^{iu})\rho ^{sl}\omega _l=\frac{1}{2}\tau _l(\varphi ^{uq})\tau _q(\psi ^{iu})\omega _l$$

and

$$C22=\frac{1}{2}\psi ^{iu}\varphi ^{vq}\tau _q(\varphi ^{up})\tau _p(\psi ^{rv})\sigma ^{rs}\rho ^{sl}\omega _l\stackrel{\left(\mathrm{5.4.6}\right)}{=}\frac{1}{2}\psi ^{iu}\varphi ^{uq}\tau _q(\varphi ^{vp})\tau _p(\psi ^{rv})\sigma ^{rs}\rho ^{sl}\omega _l$$

Thus, we have

$$\alpha _{𝔤,𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime }}(\tau _i^{\prime \prime })=\frac{1}{2}\tau _l(\varphi ^{uq})\tau _q(\psi ^{iu})\omega _l\frac{1}{2}\psi ^{iu}\varphi ^{uq}\tau _q(\varphi ^{vp})\tau _p(\psi ^{rv})\sigma ^{rs}\rho ^{sl}\omega _l$$

Rewriting the right hand side in the base $`\{\omega _i^{\prime \prime }\}`$ we get

$$\alpha (\tau _i^{\prime \prime }):=\alpha _{𝔤,𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime }}(\tau _i^{\prime \prime })=\alpha ^{ir}\omega _r^{\prime \prime }=\alpha _1^{ir}\omega _r^{\prime \prime }+\alpha _2^{ir}\omega _r^{\prime \prime }$$
$`(\mathrm{6.2.1})`$
where

$$\alpha _1^{ir}=\frac{1}{2}\psi ^{ra}\varphi ^{al}\tau _l(\varphi ^{uq})\tau _q(\psi ^{iu})$$
$`(\mathrm{6.2.2})`$
and

$$\alpha _2^{ir}=\frac{1}{2}\psi ^{iu}\varphi ^{uq}\tau _q(\varphi ^{vp})\tau _p(\psi ^{rv})$$
$`(\mathrm{6.2.3})`$
So we see that $`\alpha _1^{ir}=\alpha _2^{ri}`$, i.e. the matrix $`\alpha ^{ir}`$ is skew symmetric, that is, $`\alpha \mathrm{\Omega }^2(𝒯)`$ as it should be.

6.3. Let us rewrite the expression (6.2.3) in terms of vector fields $`\tau _i^{\prime \prime }`$:

$$\alpha _2^{ir}=\frac{1}{2}\tau _i^{\prime \prime }(\varphi ^{vp})\varphi ^{1pa}\psi ^{1ab}\tau _b^{\prime \prime }(\psi ^{rv})=$$

(using the identity $`\tau (\varphi )=\varphi \tau (\varphi ^1)\varphi `$)

$$=\frac{1}{2}\varphi ^{vs}\tau _i^{\prime \prime }(\varphi ^{1sa})\psi ^{1ab}\psi ^{ru}\tau _b^{\prime \prime }(\psi ^{1uc})\psi ^{cv}$$

Using (5.4.13), we have

$$\psi ^{1ab}\tau _b^{\prime \prime }(\psi ^{1uc})=\tau _a^{}(\psi ^{1uc})=\tau _u^{}(\psi ^{1ac})=\psi ^{1ub}\tau _b^{\prime \prime }(\psi ^{1ac})$$

whence

$$\alpha _2(\tau _i^{\prime \prime }):=\alpha _2^{ir}\omega _r^{\prime \prime }=\frac{1}{2}\varphi ^{vs}\tau _i^{\prime \prime }(\varphi ^{1sa})\psi ^{ru}\psi ^{1ub}\tau _b^{\prime \prime }(\psi ^{1ac})\psi ^{cv}\omega _r^{\prime \prime }=$$

$$=\frac{1}{2}\varphi ^{vs}\tau _i^{\prime \prime }(\varphi ^{1sa})\tau _r^{\prime \prime }(\psi ^{1ac})\psi ^{cv}\omega _r^{\prime \prime }=\frac{1}{2}tr\left\{\varphi \tau _i^{\prime \prime }(\varphi ^1)\tau _r^{\prime \prime }(\psi ^1)\psi \right\}\omega _r^{\prime \prime }$$

Skew symmetrizing, we arrive at the first part of

6.4. Theorem. (a) The cocycle $`\alpha _{𝔤,𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime }}`$, (6.1.3) is given in coordinates by the expression

$$\alpha _{𝔤,𝔤^{},𝔤^{\prime \prime }}(\tau _i^{\prime \prime })=\alpha (\psi ,\varphi )(\tau _i^{\prime \prime })=$$

$$=\frac{1}{2}tr\left\{\tau _i^{\prime \prime }(\psi ^1)\psi \varphi \tau _r^{\prime \prime }(\varphi ^1)\tau _r^{\prime \prime }(\psi ^1)\psi \varphi \tau _i^{\prime \prime }(\varphi ^1)\right\}\omega _r^{\prime \prime }$$
$`(\mathrm{6.4.1})`$
(b) The $`3`$-form $`\beta _{𝔤,𝔤^{}}=\beta (\varphi )`$ (5.5.3) is equal to

$$\beta _{𝔤,𝔤^{}}(\tau _i^{},\tau _j^{})=\beta (\varphi )(\tau _i^{},\tau _j^{})=$$

$$=\frac{1}{2}tr\left\{\tau _i^{}(\varphi ^1)\varphi \tau _j^{}(\varphi ^1)\varphi \tau _r^{}(\varphi ^1)\varphi \tau _j^{}(\varphi ^1)\varphi \tau _i^{}(\varphi ^1)\varphi \tau _r^{}(\varphi ^1)\varphi \right\}\omega _r^{}$$
$`(\mathrm{6.4.2})`$
Part (b) is proven by the same argument as in 6.3, and we leave it to the reader.

From the expression (6.4.2) we see directly that the form $`\beta (\varphi )`$ is closed, and from (6.4.1) one checks that the form $`\alpha (\varphi ,\psi )`$ satisfies the group (or Cech) cocycle condition

$$\alpha (\psi ,\chi )\alpha (\varphi \psi ,\chi )+\alpha (\varphi ,\psi \chi )\alpha (\varphi ,\psi )=0$$
$`(\mathrm{6.4.3})`$
for all $`\varphi ,\psi ,\chi GL_n(A)`$, which is the same as (6.1.4), and

$$d\alpha (\psi ,\varphi )=\beta (\varphi )+\beta (\psi )\beta (\psi \varphi )$$
$`(\mathrm{6.4.4})`$
Thus, a couple $`c(𝒯)=(\alpha ,\beta )`$ represents a cohomology class in $`H^2(GL_n(A),\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(𝒯))`$ of the group $`GL_n(A)`$ with coefficients in the complex

$$\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(𝒯):=\mathrm{\Omega }^2(𝒯)\mathrm{\Omega }^{3,cl}(𝒯)$$
$`(\mathrm{6.4.5})`$
where $`\mathrm{\Omega }^2(𝒯)`$ sits in degree $`0`$ (the action of $`GL_n(A)`$ on $`\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}`$ being trivial).

The cocycle $`\alpha `$ is classical, and essentially goes back to Atiyah; it is written down explicitly by Harris, \[H\], p. 280. The class $`\beta `$ resembles ”Chern-Simons” form.

The whole cocycle $`c(𝒯)`$ may be thought of as an integration of a cocycle $`\stackrel{~}{c}`$ from \[MSV\], (5.16), (5.17).

§7. Gerbes of Vertex Algebroids

7.1. Let us reformulate the results of the last three Sections in language of Torseurs. This reformulation was inspired by \[BD1\].

Let $`𝒯=(A,T,\mathrm{})`$ be a quasiregular extended Lie algebroid (see 5.1). Let us define a groupoid $`\mathrm{\Omega }_𝒯^{[2,3}`$ is follows. We set $`Ob\mathrm{\Omega }_𝒯^{[2,3}=\mathrm{\Omega }^{3,cl}(𝒯)`$; for $`\omega _1,\omega _2\mathrm{\Omega }^{3,cl}(𝒯)`$ a morphism $`\omega _1\omega _2`$ is by definition a two-form $`\eta \mathrm{\Omega }^2(𝒯)`$ such that $`d_{DR}(\eta )=\omega _2\omega _1`$. The composition of morphisms is defined in an obvious manner. Note that $`\mathrm{\Omega }_𝒯^{[2,3}`$ is in fact an abelian group in categories.

Similarly, let $`\mathrm{\Omega }_𝒯^{2,cl}`$ denote a groupoid with the unique object and the set of morphisms equal to $`\mathrm{\Omega }^{2,cl}(𝒯)`$. It is also an abelian group in categories. We have a fully faithful monoidal functor

$$\mathrm{\Omega }_𝒯^{2,cl}\mathrm{\Omega }_𝒯^{[2,3}$$
$`(\mathrm{7.1.1})`$
sending the unique object in $`\mathrm{\Omega }_𝒯^{2,cl}`$ to $`0\mathrm{\Omega }^{3,cl}(𝒯)`$.

Consider the groupoid $`𝒜lg_𝒯`$. According to 5.3, it is nonempty.

We can define an Action of $`\mathrm{\Omega }_𝒯^{[2,3}`$ on $`𝒜lg_𝒯`$, i.e. a monoidal functor

$$\stackrel{}{+}:𝒜lg_𝒯\times \mathrm{\Omega }_𝒯^{[2,3}𝒜lg_𝒯$$
$`(\mathrm{7.1.2})`$
as follows. For $`𝒜𝒜lg,\omega \mathrm{\Omega }^{3,cl}(𝒯)`$, a couple $`(𝒜,\omega )`$ goes to the vertex algebroid $`𝒜\stackrel{}{+}\omega `$ defined in 4.2. If $`\eta \mathrm{\Omega }^2(𝒯)`$, $`d_{DR}(\eta )=\omega ^{}\omega `$ then a morphism

$`\stackrel{}{+}(\eta ):𝒜\stackrel{}{+}\omega 𝒜\stackrel{}{+}\omega ^{}`$ is defined according to 4.2.2.

Let us fix $`𝒜`$ and consider the functor

$$\mathrm{\Omega }_𝒯^{[2,3}𝒜lg_𝒯,\omega 𝒜\stackrel{}{+}\omega $$
$`(\mathrm{7.1.3})`$
induced by (7.1.2). By 4.2.2 this functor is fully faithful.

Let $`𝒜^{}𝒜lg_𝒯`$ be another object. By 5.2, there exists a morphism of vertex prealgebroids $`g:P(𝒜)P(𝒜^{})`$ lying over $`Id_𝒯`$; it is necessarily an isomorphism. Consider the vertex algebroid $`g_{}𝒜`$ constructed in Theorem 4.5. By definition, $`g`$ is lifted to an isomorphism $`\stackrel{~}{g}:𝒜\stackrel{}{}g_{}𝒜`$. Since $`g_{}𝒜𝒜lg_{P(𝒜^{})}`$, by 4.2.1 $`𝒜^{}=g_{}𝒜\stackrel{}{+}\omega `$ for some $`\omega \mathrm{\Omega }^{3,cl}(𝒯)`$. Therefore $`\stackrel{~}{g}`$ induces an isomorphism $`\stackrel{~}{g}\stackrel{}{+}\omega :𝒜\stackrel{}{+}\omega \stackrel{}{}g_{}𝒜\stackrel{}{+}\omega =𝒜^{}`$.

In other words, we have checked that (7.1.3) is surjective on isomorphism classes of objects, hence it is an equivalence of categories. This proves

7.2. Theorem. Let $`𝒯`$ be a quasiregular extended Lie algebroid. Then the Action (7.1.2) makes the groupoid $`𝒜lg_𝒯`$ a nonempty $`\mathrm{\Omega }_𝒯^{[2,3}`$-Torseur. $``$

7.3. Let $`(X,𝒪_X)`$ be a topological space ringed by a sheaf of commutative $`k`$-algebras $`𝒪_X`$. Let us call an extended Lie $`𝒪_X`$ Lie algebroid $`𝒯=(𝒪_X,T,\mathrm{})`$ (quasi)regular if there exists an open covering $`X=U_i`$ of $`X`$ such that all $`𝒯(U_i)`$ are (quasi)regular.

For example, if $`T`$ is a Lie $`𝒪_X`$-algebroid which is locally free as an $`𝒪_X`$-module then the corresponding extended algebroid $`𝒯_T`$ is quasiregular. If $`X`$ is a smooth $`k`$-scheme of finite type and $`T=T_{X/k}`$ is the sheaf of vector fields then $`𝒯_T`$ is regular.

We can sheafify the constructions of the previous Subsections and obtain the sheaves (champs) of groupoids (i.e. gerbes) $`𝒜lg_𝒯`$, etc.

Let $`𝒯`$ be quasiregular. Consider the gerbe $`𝒜lg_𝒯`$. According to 7.1 and 7.2, it is locally nonempty but not locally connected in general; its sheaf of connected components is an $`H_{DR}^3(𝒯)`$-torseur.

By the general procedure this gerbe defines a characteristic class

$$c(𝒯):=c(𝒜lg_𝒯)H^2(X;\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(𝒯))$$
$`(\mathrm{7.3.1})`$
Here in the right hand side we consider the hypercohomology with coefficients in the complex $`\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(𝒯)`$.

Let us explain how to define the class (7.3.1). Choose an open covering $`𝒰=\{U_i\}`$ of $`X`$ such that all groupoids $`𝒜lg_{𝒯(U_i)}`$ are nonempty. Choose an object $`𝒜_i`$ in each $`𝒜lg_{𝒯(U_i)}`$. Over double intersections $`U_{ij}:=U_iU_j`$ we get two objects $`𝒜_i|_{U_{ij}},𝒜_j|_{U_{ij}}𝒜lg_{𝒯(U_{ij})}`$. Choose $`3`$-forms $`\omega _{ij}\mathrm{\Omega }^{3,cl}(𝒯(U_{ij})`$ such that there exist isomorphisms

$$h_{ij}:𝒜_j|_{U_{ij}}\stackrel{}{}𝒜_i|_{U_{ij}}\stackrel{}{+}\omega _{ij}$$
$`(\mathrm{7.3.2})`$
Choose some isomorphisms (7.3.2). Then on triple intersections we get isomorphisms

$$𝒜_i|_{U_{ijk}}\stackrel{}{+}\omega _{ij}\stackrel{}{+}\omega _{ik}\stackrel{}{}𝒜_i|_{U_{ijk}}\stackrel{}{+}\omega _{ik}$$
$`(\mathrm{7.3.3})`$
The isomorphisms (7.5.3) must be given by the $`2`$-forms $`\eta _{ijk}\mathrm{\Omega }^2(𝒯)`$ such that $`d_{DR}(\eta _{ijk})=c_{ij}c_{ik}+c_{jk}`$. Then $`(\omega _{ij},\eta _{ijk})`$ is a $`2`$-cocycle in the Cech complex $`C^{}(𝒰;\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(𝒯))`$ representing the class (7.3.1).

7.4. Now let us assume that the groupoid $`𝒯`$ is regular. Theorem 6.4 calculates the class (7.3.1).

Namely, define the ”Atiyah-Chern-Simons” class $`ch_2(𝒯)H^2(X;\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(𝒯))`$ by the following procedure. Choose some bases of local sections $`\tau ^{(i)}=\{\tau _\alpha ^{(i)}\}T(U_i)`$ over some open covering. Let $`\varphi _{ij}GL_n(𝒪(U_{ij}))`$ be the transition matrix from $`\tau ^{(i)}`$ to $`\tau ^{(j)}`$ over $`U_{ij}`$. By definition, $`ch_2(𝒯)`$ is represented by the Cech $`2`$-cocycle

$$2ch_2(𝒯):=(\alpha (𝒯),\beta (𝒯))$$
$`(\mathrm{7.4.1})`$
where

$$\alpha (𝒯)=(\alpha (𝒯)_{ijk})=tr(\varphi _{ij}^1\varphi _{ij}\varphi _{jk}\varphi _{jk}^1)\}Z^2(𝒰;\mathrm{\Omega }^2(𝒯))$$
$`(\mathrm{7.4.2})`$
and

$$\beta (𝒯)=(\beta (𝒯)_{ij})=\{\frac{1}{3}tr(\varphi _{ij}\varphi _{ij}^1\varphi _{ij}\varphi _{ij}^1\varphi _{ij}\varphi _{ij}^1)\}C^1(𝒰;\mathrm{\Omega }^{3,cl}(𝒯))$$
$`(\mathrm{7.4.3})`$
Theorem 6.4 implies

7.5. Theorem. Let $`𝒯`$ be a regular extended Lie $`𝒪_X`$-algebroid. Then $`c(𝒯)=2ch_2(𝒯)`$.

Therefore, the gerbe $`𝒜lg_𝒯`$ admits a global section iff $`ch_2(𝒯)=0`$. If so, then the groupoid of global sections $`𝒜lg_𝒯(X)`$ is equivalent to the groupoid of $`\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(𝒯)`$-torseurs, whence $`\pi _0(𝒜lg_𝒯(X))\stackrel{}{=}H^1(X;\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(𝒯))`$ and the automorphism group of an object of this groupoid is isomorphic to $`H^0(X,\mathrm{\Omega }^{[2,3}(𝒯))`$.

$``$

It is instructive to compare the previous discussion with \[BB\], 2.1. In the chiral situation the degree of cohomology goes one step up.

7.6. Let us identify the class $`c(𝒯)`$ when $`X`$ is a smooth $`k`$-scheme and $`𝒯=𝒯_X`$ is the tangent bundle. If $`E`$ is an arbitrary vector bundle over $`X`$ given by a Cech $`1`$-cocycle

$$g=(g_{ij})Z^1(𝒰;GL_r(𝒪_X))$$
$`(\mathrm{7.6.1})`$
on some open covering $`𝒰`$ then (7.4.1) - (7.4.3) define a cocycle

$$c(g)=(\alpha (g),\beta (g))Z^2(𝒰;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{[2,3})$$
$`(\mathrm{7.6.2})`$
If $`g_{ij}=\varphi _ih_{ij}\varphi _j^1`$ for some $`\varphi =(\varphi _i)C^1(𝒰;GL(𝒪_X)`$ then one checks by a direct computation that

7.6.1. Claim. (a)

$$\alpha (g)\alpha (h)=d_{Cech}\eta $$
$`(\mathrm{7.6.3})`$
where $`\eta =\eta (h,\varphi )=(\eta _{ij})C^2(𝒰;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^2)`$ is given by

$$\eta _{ij}=tr\left\{h_{ij}^1dh_{ij}\varphi _j^1d\varphi _j\varphi _i^1d\varphi _idh_{ij}h_{ij}^1+h_{ij}^1\varphi _i^1d\varphi _ih_{ij}\varphi _j^1d\varphi _j\right\}$$
$`(\mathrm{7.6.4})`$
(b)

$$d_{DR}\eta =\beta (g)\beta (h)d_{Cech}\gamma $$
$`(\mathrm{7.6.5})`$
where $`\gamma =\gamma (h,\varphi )=(\gamma _i)C^0(𝒰;\mathrm{\Omega }^{3,cl})`$ is defined by

$$\gamma _i=\frac{1}{3}tr((\varphi _i^1d\varphi _i)^3)$$
$`(\mathrm{7.6.6})`$
$``$

7.6.2. Corollary.

$$c(g)c(h)=de$$
$`(\mathrm{7.6.7})`$
where

$$e=(\eta ,\gamma )C^1(𝒰;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{[2,3})$$
$`(\mathrm{7.6.8})`$
$``$

Therefore (7.6.2) gives rise to a well defined characteristic class $`c(E)H^2(X,\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{[2,3})`$. The following Lemma is obvious.

7.7. Lemma. (a) If $`f:YX`$ is an arbitrary morphism from another smooth scheme then $`c(f^{}E)=f^{}c(E)`$.

(b) If $`0E^{}EE^{\prime \prime }0`$ is a short exact sequence of vector bundles over $`X`$ then $`c(E)=c(E^{})+c(E^{\prime \prime })`$.

(c) If $`L`$ is a line bundle then $`c(L)`$ is equal to the image of $`c_1(L)c_1(L)H^1(X;𝒪_X^{})^2`$ under the composition

$$H^1(X;𝒪_X^{})^2\stackrel{dlog^2}{}H^1(X;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{1,cl})^2H^2(X;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{2,cl})H^2(X;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{[2,3})$$

7.8. Recall (cf. \[S\]) that for an arbitrary $`E`$ we have a characteristic class

$$2ch_2^{(K)}(E):=c_1^{(K)2}(E)2c_2^{(K)}H^2(X;𝒦_{2,X})$$

from which we can get a class $`2ch_2(E)H^2(X;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{[2,3})`$ using the $`dlog`$ map

$$H^2(X;𝒦_2)H^2(X;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{2,cl})H^2(X,\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{[2,3})$$

The class $`2ch_2(E)`$ also satisfies properties 7.7 (a) - (c).

It is obvious that the natural map

$$H^2(X;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{[2,3})H^2(X;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{[2})$$

is injective, where $`\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{[2}:=\mathrm{\Omega }_X^2\mathrm{\Omega }_X^3\mathrm{}`$ is the stupidly truncated (and shifted, so that $`\mathrm{\Omega }_X^2`$ sits in degree $`0`$) de Rham complex.

The proof of the following lemma was provided to us by H. Esnault.

7.9. Lemma. The inverse image map

$$H^2(X;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{[2})H^2((E);\mathrm{\Omega }_{(E)}^{[2})$$

is injective. $``$

In fact, more is true. One can consider the cohomology theory which assigns to a smooth $`X`$ a collection of cohomology groups $`\{H^i(X;\mathrm{\Omega }^{[i})\}`$. This theory has the standard Grothendieck’s properties needed to define the Chern classes, cf. \[Gr\]. This fact was communicated to us by A. Beilinson.

Anyway, the inverse image map $`H^2(X;\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{[2,3})H^2((E);\mathrm{\Omega }_{(E)}^{[2,3})`$ is also injective, hence by splitting principle we get

7.10. Theorem. For all vector bundles $`E`$, $`c(E)=2ch_2(E)`$. $``$

This theorem was obtained in collaboration with H. Esnault.

7.11. Corollary. In the situation of 7.6 the class described in Theorem 7.5 is equal to $`2ch_2(𝒯_X)`$. $``$

§8. Vertex Envelope of a Conformal Algebra

8.1. Our aim in this Section will be to construct a left adjoint $`U`$ to the forgetful functor (0.8.1) and to prove the ”Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt” theorem for algebras $`UC,C𝒞onf`$.

Let $`V`$ be a vertex algebra. We have the following two particular cases of the OPE formula (0.5.12). The first one corresponds to $`m=n=1`$:

$$[x_{(1)},y_{(1)}]=\underset{j0}{}(1)^j^{(j+1)}(x_{(j)}y)_{(1)}$$
$`(\mathrm{8.1.1})`$
where we have used (0.5.10). The second one corresponds to $`m0,n=1`$:

$$[x_{(m)},y_{(1)}]=\underset{j=0}{\overset{m}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{j}\right)(x_{(j)}y)_{(mj1)}$$
$`(\mathrm{8.1.2})`$
8.2. Let $`C=C_i`$ be a conformal algebra. Let $`TC=_{j_0}T^jC,T^jC:=C^j`$ be the tensor algebra of $`C`$ over $`k`$. The multiplication in $`TC`$ will be denoted $`xy`$ or $`xy`$. The $`_0`$-grading of $`C`$ induces the $`_0`$-grading of $`TC`$ such that $`TC`$ becomes a $`_0`$-graded associative algebra with the unit $`\text{1}T^0C=k`$. We have a canonical embedding of $`k`$-modules $`C=T^1CTC`$.

There is a unique extension of the operators $`^{(j)}`$ on $`C`$ to the whole space $`TC`$ satisfying

$$^{(j)}(xy)=\underset{p=0}{\overset{j}{}}^{(p)}x^{(jp)}y$$
$`(\mathrm{8.2.0})`$
cf. (0.4.6). These operators will satisfy (0.4.1).

Let $`RTC`$ be a two-sided ideal generated by all elements

$$r(x,y):=xyyx\underset{j0}{}(1)^j^{(j+1)}(x_{(j)}y),x,yC,$$
$`(\mathrm{8.2.1})`$
cf. (8.1.1). Set $`UC=TC/R`$. We have a canonical morphism $`i:CUC`$ equal to the restriction of the projection $`p:TCUC`$ to $`C`$.

Since the relations (8.2.1) are homogeneous, the algebra $`UC`$ inherits a $`_0`$-grading from $`TC`$. Using (0.4.6) and an obvious identity $`^{(i)}^{(j)}=^{(j)}^{(i)}`$ one sees easily that the operators $`^{(i)}`$ respect the ideal $`R`$. Hence they induce the operators $`^{(i)}`$ on $`UC`$ of degree $`i`$ which satisfy (0.4.1).

8.3. Theorem. There is a unique structure of a vertex algebra on the $`k`$-module $`UC`$ such that for all $`xC,zTC`$,

$$p(xz)=i(x)_{(1)}p(z)$$
$`(\mathrm{8.3.1})`$
The corresponcence $`CUC`$ defines a functor $`U:𝒞onf𝒱ert`$ left adjoint to the forgetful functor.

The algebra $`UC`$ will be called a vertex envelope of a conformal algebra $`C`$.

This Theorem will be proven in 8.20, after some preparation.

8.4. Let us define $`k`$-linear operators $`x_{(j)},xC,j`$ of degree $`j1`$ acting on the module $`TC`$. If $`j<0,j=n1`$, we set

$$x_{(n1)}z=(^{(n)}x)z$$
$`(\mathrm{8.4.1})`$
In particular, $`x_{(1)}z=xz`$.

Each element of $`TC`$ is a linear combination of monomials $`z=z_1z_2\mathrm{}z_n,z_iC`$. We define $`x_{(j)}z,j_0`$ by induction on the length $`n`$ of the monomial. If $`n=1`$, i.e. $`zC`$, then we already have $`x_{(j)}z`$ due to the structure of a conformal algebra on $`C`$.

If $`z=yu,yC`$, we set

$$x_{(j)}yu=yx_{(j)}u+\underset{p=0}{\overset{j}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{j}{p}\right)(x_{(p)}y)_{(jp1)}u$$
$`(\mathrm{8.4.2})`$
cf. (8.1.2).

We leave to the reader an easy proof of the lemma below.

8.4.1. Lemma. For all $`i_0,n`$,

$$(^{(i)}x)_{(n)}=(1)^i\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{i}\right)x_{(ni)}$$
$`(\mathrm{8.4.3})`$
8.5. Lemma. The operators $`x_{(j)}`$ introduced above respect the ideal $`R`$.

The proof will be given in 8.6 — 8.8 below.

8.6. Since $`R`$ is a left ideal, it is respected by all operators $`x_{(n)}`$ with $`n<0`$.

It follows from the commutation formula (8.4.2) that if all the operators $`x_{(n)},n0,`$ respect a subset $`STC`$ then they respect the left ideal generated by $`S`$. Therefore we need to prove that

$$u_{(n)}xyzu_{(n)}yxz\underset{j0}{}(1)^ju_{(n)}^{(j+1)}(x_{(j)}y)zR$$
$`(\mathrm{8.6.1})`$
for all $`u,x,yC,zTC,n0`$. Let us denote the summands in (8.6.1) by $`A,B`$ and $`C`$. We have

$$A=u_{(n)}xyz=(u_{(n)}x)yz+xu_{(n)}yz+\underset{p=o}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)(u_{(p)}x)_{(np1)}yz$$
$`(\mathrm{8.6.2})`$
We shall use the same agreement as in 5.7: in an expression $`X`$, the $`n`$-th summand will be denoted by $`Xn`$. We have

$$A2=x(u_{(n)}y)z+xyu_{(n)}z+\underset{q=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{q}\right)x(u_{(q)}y)_{(nq1)}z$$
$`(\mathrm{8.6.3})`$
$$A3=\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\{\left((u_{(p)}x)_{(np1)}y\right)z+y(u_{(p)}x)_{(np1)}z+$$

$$+\underset{q=0}{\overset{np2}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np1}{q}\right)((u_{(p)}x)_{(q)}y)_{(npq2)}z\}$$
$`(\mathrm{8.6.4})`$
Similarly,

$$B=u_{(n)}yxz=(u_{(n)}y)xzyu_{(n)}xz\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)(u_{(p)}y)_{(np1)}xz$$
$`(\mathrm{8.6.5})`$
$$B2=y(u_{(n)}x)zyxu_{(n)}z\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)y(u_{(p)}x)_{(np1)}z$$
$`(\mathrm{8.6.6})`$
and

$$B3=\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\{\left((u_{(p)}y)_{(np1)}\right)z+x(u_{(p)}y)_{(np1)}z+$$

$$+\underset{q=0}{\overset{np2}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np1}{q}\right)\left((u_{(p)})_{(q)}x\right)_{(npq2)}z\}$$
$`(\mathrm{8.6.7})`$
Next,

$$C=\underset{j0}{}(1)^j\{\left(u_{(n)}^{(j+1)}(x_{(j)}y)\right)z+^{(j+1)}(x_{(j)}y)u_{(n)}z+$$

$$+\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\left(u_{(p)}^{(j+1)}(x_{(j)}y)\right)_{(np1)}z\}$$
$`(\mathrm{8.6.8})`$
Due to (0.4.7),

$$C1=\underset{j0}{}(1)^j\left\{^{(j+1)}(u_{(n)}x_{(j)}y)+\underset{p=1}{\overset{min(n,j+1)}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)^{(j+1p)}(u_{(np)}x_{(j)}y)\right\}z$$
$`(\mathrm{8.6.9})`$
Next,

$$C11=\underset{j0}{}(1)^j^{(j+1)}\left\{(u_{(n)}x)_{(j)}y+x_{(j)}u_{(n)}y+\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)(u_{(p)}x)_{(n+jp)}y\right\}z$$
$`(\mathrm{8.6.10})`$
and

$$C12=\underset{j0}{}(1)^j\underset{p=1}{\overset{min(n,j+1)}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)^{(j+1p)}\{(u_{(np)}x)_{(j)}y+x_{(j)}u_{(np)}y+$$

$$+\underset{q=0}{\overset{np1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np}{q}\right)(u_{(q)}x)_{(j+npq)}y\}z$$
$`(\mathrm{8.6.11})`$
We have $`A21+B21+C2=r(x,y)u_{(n)}zR`$. Next, $`A23=B32`$ and $`A32=B23`$. Next,

$$A21+B1=x(u_{(n)}y)z(u_{(n)}y)xz\stackrel{R}{}\underset{j}{}(1)^j^{(j+1)}(x_{(j)}u_{(n)}y)z=C112$$

Similarly,

$$A1+B21=(u_{(n)}x)yzy(u_{(n)}x)z\stackrel{R}{}\underset{j}{}(1)^j^{(j+1)}\left((u_{(n)}x)_{(j)}y\right)z=C111$$

8.7. Below we shall often use the identity

$$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{p}{r}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{r}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nr}{np}\right)$$
$`(\mathrm{8.7.1})`$
We claim that

$$C113+C121+C123=A31$$
$`(\mathrm{8.7.2})`$
Indeed, we have

$$C113=\underset{j0}{}\underset{q=0}{\overset{n1}{}}(1)^j\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{q}\right)^{(j+1)}\left\{(u_{(q)}x)_{(n+jq)}\right\}z$$
$`(\mathrm{8.7.3})`$
and

$$C121+C123=\underset{j0}{}\underset{p=1}{\overset{min(n,j+1)}{}}$$

$$\underset{q=0}{\overset{np1}{}}(1)^j\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np}{q}\right)^{(j+1p)}\left\{(u_{(q)}x)_{(j+npq)}y\right\}z$$
$`(\mathrm{8.7.4})`$
Using (8.7.1), we have

$$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np}{q}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{np}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np}{q}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{q}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nq}{p}\right)$$

Consider the part of (8.7.4) at a fixed $`q`$, $`0qn1`$:

$$(\mathrm{8.7.4})_q=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{q}\right)\underset{j0}{}\underset{p=1}{\overset{min(nq,j+1)}{}}$$

$$(1)^j\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nq}{p}\right)^{(j+1p)}\left\{(u_{(q)}x)_{(j+npq)}y\right\}z=$$

$$=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{q}\right)\underset{p=1}{\overset{nq}{}}\underset{jp1}{}(1)^j\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nq}{p}\right)^{(j+1p)}\left\{(u_{(q)}x)_{(j+npq)}y\right\}z$$
$`(\mathrm{8.7.5})`$
It is easy to see that the part of (8.7.5) corresponding to $`j=p1`$ is equal to $`A31_q`$ and the part corresponding to $`jp`$ equals $`C113_q`$. This proves (8.7.2).

Using the commutativity formula (0.4.3), one sees that $`B31=C122`$.

8.8. We claim that

$$A33+B33+C3=0$$
$`(\mathrm{8.8.1})`$
We have

$$C3=\underset{j0}{}(1)^j\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\underset{q=0}{\overset{min(p,j+1)}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{p}{q}\right)^{(j+1q)}(u_{(pq)}x_{(j)}y)_{(np1)}z=$$

$$=\underset{j0}{}(1)^j\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\underset{q=0}{\overset{min(p,j+1)}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{p}{q}\right)(1)^{j+1q}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np1}{jq+1}\right)(u_{(pq)}x_{(j)}y)_{(njp+q2)}z=$$

(we set $`r:=pq`$)

$$=\underset{j0}{}\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\underset{r=pj1}{\overset{p}{}}(1)^{pr}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{p}{r}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np1}{jp+r+1}\right)(u_{(r)}x_{(j)}y)_{(njr2)}z=$$

$$=\underset{j0}{}\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\underset{r=pj1}{\overset{p}{}}(1)^{pr}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{p}{r}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np1}{jp+r+1}\right)$$

$$\left\{(x_{(j)}u_{(r)}y)_{(njr2)}z+\underset{s=0}{\overset{r}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{r}{s}\right)\left((u_{(s)}x)_{(r+js)}y\right)_{(njr2)}z\right\}$$
$`(\mathrm{8.8.2})`$
So, we have written $`C3`$ as a sum of two terms. Now we claim that

$$C32=A33$$
$`(\mathrm{8.8.3})`$
Set $`l:=r+js`$. We have

$$C32=\underset{l0,s0,l+sn2}{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{s}\right)\underset{p=0}{\overset{l+s+1}{}}\underset{r=s}{\overset{min(p,l+s)}{}}$$

$$(1)^{pr}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ns}{np}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ps}{rs}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np1}{l+sp+1}\right)\left((u_{(s)}x)_{(l)}y\right)_{(nls2)}z$$

where we have used that

$$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{p}{r}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{r}{s}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{r}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{r}{s}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nr}{np}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{s}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ns}{nr}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nr}{np}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{s}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ns}{np}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ps}{rs}\right)$$

Thus, at fixed $`l,s`$,

$$C32_{l,s}=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{s}\right)\underset{p=0}{\overset{l+s+1}{}}(1)^p\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ns}{np}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np1}{l+sp+1}\right)\underset{r=s}{\overset{min(p,l+s)}{}}(1)^r\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ps}{rs}\right)((u_{s)}x)_{(l)}y)_{(nls2)}z$$

The last sum is non-zero in two cases:

(a) $`p=s`$, so that $`r=s=p`$, and we get the coefficient $`\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{s}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ns1}{l+1}\right)`$,

and

(b) $`p=l+s+1`$ where we get $`\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{s}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ns}{l+1}\right)`$.

Since

$$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ns1}{l+1}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ns}{l+1}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ns1}{l}\right)$$
$`(\mathrm{8.8.4})`$
we get

$$C32_{l,s}=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{s}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ns1}{l}\right)=A33_{l,s}$$

which proves (8.8.3).

Next, we claim that

$$C31=B33$$
$`(\mathrm{8.8.5})`$
Indeed,

$$C31=\underset{j0}{}\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}(1)^{pr}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\underset{r=max(0,pj1)}{\overset{p}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np1}{jp+r+1}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{p}{r}\right)(x_{(j)}u_{(r)}y)_{(njr2)}z=$$

(using (0.4.3))

$$=\underset{j0}{}\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}(1)^{pr}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\underset{r=max(0,pj1)}{\overset{p}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np1}{jp+r+1}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{p}{r}\right)$$

$$(1)^{j+1}\underset{s0}{}(1)^s^{(s)}\left((u_{(r)}y)_{j+s}x\right)_{(njr2)}z=$$

$$=\underset{j0}{}\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}(1)^{pr}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\underset{r=max(0,pj1)}{\overset{p}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np1}{jp+r+1}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{p}{r}\right)(1)^{j+1}$$

$$\underset{s0}{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{njr2}{s}\right)\left((u_{(r)}y)_{(j+s)}x\right)_{(njsr2)}z$$

Set $`l:=j+s`$. We get

$$C31=\underset{l0,r0,l+rn2}{}\underset{s0,pr,p+sr+l+1}{}$$

$$(1)^{pr+ls+1}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{p}{r}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np1}{l+rsp+1}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nlr+s2}{s}\right)\left((u_{(r)}y)_{(l)}x\right)_{(nlr2)}z$$

Using the identities $`\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{p}{r}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nr}{np}\right)`$ and

$$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np1}{l+rsp+1}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nlr+s2}{s}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np1}{nl+sr2}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nlr+s2}{s}\right)=$$

$$=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np1}{s}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nps1}{l+rsp1}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np1}{nps1}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nps1}{nlr2}\right)=$$

$$=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np1}{nlr2}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{l+rp+1}{s}\right)$$

we get at fixed $`l,r`$

$$C31_{l,r}=(1)^{l+r+1}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{r}\right)\underset{p=r}{\overset{r+l+1}{}}(1)^p\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nr}{np}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{np1}{nlr2}\right)$$

$$\underset{s=0}{\overset{min(r+lp+1,l)}{}}(1)^s\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{l+rp+1}{s}\right)\left((u_{(r)}y)_{(l)}x\right)_{(nlr2)}z$$

The last sum is non-zero in two cases:

(a) $`p=l+r+1`$, so that $`s=0`$, and we get the coefficient $`\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{r}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nr}{nlr1}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{r}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nr}{l+1}\right)`$,

and

(b) $`p=r`$, so that we get the coefficient $`\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{r}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nr1}{nlr2}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{r}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nr1}{l+1}\right)`$.

It follows that

$$C31_{r,l}=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{r}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{nr1}{l}\right)\left((u_{(r)}y)_{(l)}x\right)_{(nlr2)}z=B33_{r,l}$$

which proves (8.8.5). The identities (8.8.3) and (8.8.5) together imply (8.8.1).

After bookkeeping, the computations of 8.6 — 8.8 show that the left hand side of (8.6.1) belongs to the ideal $`R`$, which finishes the proof of Lemma 8.5. $``$

8.9. By Lemma 8.5, the operators $`x_{(j)}`$ induce operators

$$x_{(j)}:UCUC,xC,j$$
$`(\mathrm{8.9.1})`$
8.10. Lemma. The operators (8.9.1) satisfy the OPE formula (0.5.12).

This lemma will be proven in 8.11 — 8.19 below.

8.11. We have to prove the identity between the operators acting on $`UC`$,

$$[x_{(m)},y_{(n)}]=\underset{j0}{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{j}\right)(x_{(j)}y)_{(m+nj)}$$
$`(\mathrm{8.11.1})`$
for all $`m,n`$.

Let us discuss separately three cases.

8.12. Case A. $`m<0`$ and $`n<0`$. First of all, note that for $`m=n=1`$ the relation (8.11.1) is nothing but (8.2.1) and holds true by definition, since $`R`$ is a left ideal.

In general, set $`m=1a,n=1b`$ for $`a,b0`$. We have by definition (8.4.1)

$$[x_{(1a)},y_{(1b)}]=[^{(a)}x,^{(b)}y]=$$

$$=\underset{j0}{}(1)^j^{(j+1)}((^{(a)}x)_{(j)}^{(b)}y)$$
$`(\mathrm{8.12.1})`$
The right hand side of (8.11.1) is equal to

$$\underset{j0}{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{1a}{j}\right)(x_{(j)}y)_{(2abj)}=\underset{j0}{}(1)^j\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a+j}{j}\right)^{(a+b+j+1)}(x_{(j)}y)$$
$`(\mathrm{8.12.2})`$
where we have used that

$$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{1a}{j}\right)=(1)^j\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a+j}{j}\right)$$
$`(\mathrm{8.12.3})`$
for $`a,j0`$.

On the other hand,

$$(^{(a)}x)_{(j)}^{(b)}y=(1)^a\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{j}{a}\right)x_{(ja)}^{(b)}y=(1)^a\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{j}{a}\right)\underset{p=0}{\overset{b}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ja}{p}\right)^{(bp)}(x_{(jap)}y),$$

by (0.4.2) and (0.4.7). Therefore, the rhs of (8.12.1) is equal to

$$\underset{j0}{}(1)^{j+a}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{j}{a}\right)\underset{p0}{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ja}{p}\right)^{(j+1)}^{(bp)}(x_{(jap)}y)=$$

$$=\underset{j0}{}(1)^{j+a}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{j}{a}\right)\underset{p=0}{\overset{min(b,ja)}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ja}{p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{j+1+bp}{j+1}\right)^{(j+1+bp)}(x_{(jap)}y)=$$

(substituting $`k:=jap`$)

$$=\underset{k0}{}\underset{p=0}{\overset{b}{}}(1)^{p+k}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k+a+p}{a}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k+p}{p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k+a+b+1}{k+a+p+1}\right)^{(k+a+b+1)}(x_{(k)}y)=$$

(using that $`\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k+a+p}{a}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k+p}{p}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k+a+p}{k+p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k+p}{p}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k+a+p}{p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k+a}{a}\right)`$)

$$=\underset{k0}{}(1)^k\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k+a}{a}\right)\left\{\underset{p=0}{\overset{b}{}}(1)^p\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k+a+p}{p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k+a+b+1}{k+a+p+1}\right)\right\}^{(k+a+b+1)}(x_{(k)}y)$$
$`(\mathrm{8.12.4})`$
8.13. Lemma. For all $`b,q_0`$,

$$\underset{p=0}{\overset{b}{}}(1)^p\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{p+q}{p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{b+q+1}{p+q+1}\right)=1$$

This is easily proved by induction on $`b`$. $``$

It follows from this lemma that (8.12.4) is equal to (8.12.2), which completes the check of Case A.

8.14. Case B. $`m0`$ and $`n<0`$. If $`n=1`$ then (8.11.1) is the same as the definition (8.4.2). Now let $`n=1a,a0`$. The lhs of (8.11.1) is equal to

$$[x_{(m)},y_{(1a)}]=[x_{(m)},^{(a)}y]=\underset{j=0}{\overset{m1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{j}\right)(x_{(j)}^{(a)}y)_{(mj1)}+x_{(m)}^{(a)}y$$
$`(\mathrm{8.14.1})`$
The rhs of (8.11.1) is equal to

$$\underset{k=0}{\overset{m}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{k}\right)(x_{(k)}y)_{(m1ak)}=$$

$$=\underset{k=0}{\overset{m1a}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{k}\right)(x_{(k)}y)_{(m1ak)}+\underset{kmax(ma,0)}{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{k}\right)(x_{(k)}y)_{(m1ak)}$$
$`(\mathrm{8.14.2})`$
Consider the first sum in the rhs of (8.14.1). It is equal to

$$\underset{j=0}{\overset{m1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{j}\right)\underset{p=o}{\overset{min(j,a)}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{j}{p}\right)^{(ap)}(x_{(jp)}y)_{(mj1)}=$$

$$=\underset{j=0}{\overset{m1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{j}\right)\underset{p=max(0,am+j+1)}{\overset{min(j,a)}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{j}{p}\right)(1)^{ap}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{mj1}{ap}\right)(x_{(jp)}y)_{(mja+p1)}=$$

(making the substitution $`k=jp`$)

$$=\underset{k=0}{\overset{ma1}{}}\underset{p=0}{\overset{a}{}}(1)^{ap}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{k+p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k+p}{p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{mpk1}{ap}\right)(x_{(k)}y)_{(mka1)}=$$

(using that $`\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{k+p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k+p}{p}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{k}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{mk}{mpk}\right)`$)

$$=\underset{k=0}{\overset{ma1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{k}\right)\left\{\underset{p=0}{\overset{a}{}}(1)^{ap}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{mk}{mpk}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{mpk1}{ap}\right)\right\}(x_{(k)}y)_{(mka1)}=$$

(substituting $`r=pa,s=mak10`$)

$$=\underset{k=0}{\overset{ma1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{k}\right)\left\{\underset{r=0}{\overset{a}{}}(1)^r\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a+s+1}{r+s+1}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{r+s}{r}\right)\right\}(x_{(k)}y)_{(mka1)}$$

By Lemma 8.13, this is equal to the first sum in the rhs of (8.14.2).

The second term in the rhs of (8.14.1) is equal to

$$x_{(m)}^{(a)}y=\underset{p=0}{\overset{min(m,a)}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{p}\right)^{(ap)}(x_{(mp)}y)=$$

(substituting $`k=mp`$)

$$=\underset{kmax(ma,0)}{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{mk}\right)^{(am+k)}(x_{(k)}y)=\underset{kmax(ma,0)}{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{k}\right)(x_{(k)}y)_{(1a+mk)},$$

which is the same as the second sum in (8.14.2).

Therefore, (8.14.1)$`=`$(8.14.2), which finishes the proof of (8.11.1) in the Case B.

8.15. Case C. $`m<0`$ and $`n0`$. First let us treat the case $`m=1`$. We need to prove that

$$[x_{(1)},y_{(n)}]=\underset{j0}{}(1)^j(x_{(j)}y)_{(n1j)}$$
$`(\mathrm{8.15.1})`$
The lhs of (8.15.1) is equal to

$$[y_{(n)},x_{(1)}]=\underset{p0}{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)(y_{(p)}x)_{(np1)}$$
$`(\mathrm{8.15.2})`$
On the other hand, the rhs of (8.15.1) equals (we use (0.4.3))

$$\underset{j0}{}\underset{q0}{}(1)^q^{(q)}(y_{(j+q)}x)_{(n1j)}\stackrel{\left(\mathrm{8.4.3}\right)}{=}\underset{j0,q0}{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n1j}{q}\right)(y_{(j+q)}x)_{(n1jq)}=$$

(substituting $`p=j+q`$)

$$=\underset{p0}{}(y_{(p)}x)_{(n1p)}\left\{\underset{q=0}{\overset{p}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n1p+q}{q}\right)\right\}$$

Therefore, (8.15.1) follows from the identity below, which is easily checked by induction on $`n`$:

$$\underset{q=0}{\overset{p}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n1p+q}{q}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)$$
$`(\mathrm{8.15.3})`$
for all $`n,p0`$.

Now assume that $`m=1a,a0`$. We need to prove that

$$[x_{(1a)},y_{(n)}]=\underset{p0}{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{1a}{p}\right)(x_{(p)}y)_{(1a+np)}$$
$`(\mathrm{8.15.4})`$
The lhs is equal to

$$[^{(a)}x_{(1)},y_{(n)}]=\underset{j0}{}(1)^j(^{(a)}x_{(j)}y)_{(n1j)}=\underset{ja}{}(1)^{j+a}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{j}{a}\right)(x_{(ja)}y)_{(n1j)}=$$

(substituting $`p=ja`$)

$$=\underset{p0}{}(1)^p\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{p+a}{a}\right)(x_{(p)}y)_{(n1pa)}$$

so (8.15.4) follows from (0.0.2). The completes the proof of Case C.

8.16. Case D. $`m,n0`$. We have to prove that

$$[x_{(m)},y_{(n)}]v=\underset{j=0}{\overset{m}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{j}\right)(x_{(j)}y)_{(m+nj)}v$$
$`(\mathrm{8.16.1})`$
for all $`x,yC,vUC`$. In fact, we shall prove a stronger statement, which we prefer to formulate as a separate

8.17. Lemma. If $`m`$ and $`n`$ are nonnegative then the OPE identity (8.11.1) holds true on $`TC`$. In other words, (8.16.1) holds true for all $`m,n0,x,yC`$ and $`vTC`$.

We shall prove this by induction on the length of $`v`$. If $`vC`$ then the desired identity holds true by definition of a conformal algebra, (0.4.4). Now, let $`v=zu`$ where $`zC,uTC`$. So, we have to prove that

$$[x_{(m)},y_{(n)}]zu=\underset{j=0}{\overset{m}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{j}\right)(x_{(j)}y)_{(m+nj)}zu$$
$`(\mathrm{8.17.1})`$
Consider the lhs first. We have

$$A:=x_{(m)}y_{(n)}zu=x_{(m)}\left\{zy_{(n)}u+(y_{(n)}z)u+\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)(y_{(p)}z)_{(np1)}u\right\}=$$

$$=zx_{(m)}y_{(n)}u+(x_{(m)}z)y_{(n)}u+\underset{q=0}{\overset{m1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{q}\right)(x_{(q)}z)_{(mq1)}y_{(n)}u+$$

$$+(y_{(n)}z)x_{(m)}u+(x_{(m)}y_{(n)}z)u+\underset{q=0}{\overset{m1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{q}\right)(x_{(q)}y_{(n)}z)_{(mq1)}u+\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)x_{(m)}(y_{(p)}z)_{(np1)}u$$

Similarly,

$$B:=y_{(n)}x_{(m)}zu=zy_{(n)}x_{(m)}u(y_{(n)}z)x_{(m)}u\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)(y_{(p)}z)_{(np1)}x_{(m)}u$$

$$(x_{(m)}z)y_{(n)}u(y_{(n)}x_{(m)}z)u\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)(y_{(p)}x_{(m)}z)_{(np1)}u\underset{q=0}{\overset{m1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{q}\right)y_{(n)}(x_{(q)}z)_{(mq1)}u$$

Obviously, the lhs of (8.17.1) is equal to $`A+B`$, and we should compare this with the rhs:

$$R:=\underset{j=0}{\overset{m}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{j}\right)(x_{(j)}y)_{(m+nj)}zu=\underset{j=0}{\overset{m}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{j}\right)\{z(x_{(j)}y)_{(m+nj)}u+$$

$$+((x_{(j)}y)_{(m+nj)}z)u+\underset{r=0}{\overset{m+nj1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m+nj}{r}\right)((x_{(j)}y)_{(r)}z)_{(m+njr1)}u\}$$

First of all, $`A1+B1=R1`$ by induction hypothesis. Next, $`A2=B4`$ and $`A4=B2`$. Further, $`A5+B5=R2`$ by the axiom of a conformal algebra. Next,

$$C:=A3+B7=\underset{q=0}{\overset{m1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{q}\right)\left\{(x_{(q)}z)_{(mq1)}y_{(n)}uy_{(n)}(x_{(q)}z)_{(mq1)}u\right\}=$$

(by induction hypothesis)

$$=\underset{q=0}{\overset{m1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{q}\right)\underset{s=0}{\overset{n}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{s}\right)(y_{(s)}x_{(q)}z)_{(m+nqs1)}u$$

Similarly,

$$D:=A7+B3=\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\underset{r=0}{\overset{m}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{r}\right)(x_{(r)}y_{(p)}z)_{(m+npr1)}u$$

We have

$$E:=A6+C_{s=n}=\underset{q=0}{\overset{m1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{q}\right)\left\{(x_{(q)}y_{(n)}z)_{(mq1)}(y_{(n)}x_{(q)}z)_{(mq1)}\right\}u=$$

$$=\underset{q=0}{\overset{m1}{}}\underset{s=0}{\overset{q}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{q}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{q}{s}\right)((x_{(s)}y)_{(q+ns)}z)_{(mq1)}u=$$

$$=\underset{q=0}{\overset{m1}{}}\underset{s=0}{\overset{q}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{s}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ms}{mq}\right)((x_{(s)}y)_{(q+ns)}z)_{(mq1)}u$$

Similarly,

$$F:=D_{r=m}+B6=\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\left\{(x_{(m)}y_{(p)}z)_{(np1)}(y_{(p)}x_{(m)}z)_{(np1)}\right\}u=$$

$$=\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\underset{r=0}{\overset{m}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{r}\right)((x_{(r)}y)_{(m+pr)}z)_{(np1)}u$$

Finally,

$$G:=C_{s<n}+D_{r<m}=\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\underset{q=0}{\overset{m1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{q}\right)\left\{(x_{(q)}y_{(p)}z)_{(m+npq1)}(y_{(p)}x_{(q)}z)_{(m+npq1)}\right\}u=$$

$$=\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\underset{q=0}{\overset{m1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{q}\right)\underset{s=0}{\overset{q}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{q}{s}\right)\left((x_{(s)}y)_{(p+qs)}z\right)_{(m+npq1)}u=$$

$$=\underset{p=0}{\overset{n1}{}}\underset{q=0}{\overset{m1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)\underset{s=0}{\overset{q}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{s}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{ms}{mq}\right)\left((x_{(s)}y)_{(p+qs)}z\right)_{(m+npq1)}u$$

A careful examination of the sums involved, together with a formula

$$\underset{p}{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a}{rp}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{p}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a+n}{r}\right)$$
$`(\mathrm{8.17.2})`$
with $`a=mj`$, which is obvious from the combinatorial definition of the binomial coefficients, shows that $`E+F+G=R3`$.

This completes the proof of Lemma. $``$

8.18. Remark. Lemmas 8.17 and 8.4.1 mean that $`TC`$ is canonically a module over conformal algebra $`C`$.

8.19. Lemma 8.17 implies Case D, which completes the proof of Lemma 8.10. $``$

8.20. Now we can finish the proof of Theorem 8.3. According to Lemmas 8.5 and 8.10, we have the collection of mutually local fields $`a(z)=_na_{(n)}z^{n1},aC`$, acting on the space $`UC`$. These fields satisfy the conditions of Theorem 0.7, which gives the desired structure of a vertex algebra on $`UC`$.

The other claims of Theorem 8.3 are obvious. $``$

8.21. Let $`C`$ be a conformal algebra. Let us introduce an operation $`[x,y]`$ on the space $`C`$ by

$$[x,y]=\underset{j0}{}(1)^j^{(j+1)}(x_{(j)}y)$$
$`(\mathrm{8.21.1})`$
8.22. Theorem. The operation (8.21.1) is a Lie bracket on $`C`$.

The space $`C`$ with the Lie algebra structure given by (8.21.1) will be denoted $`C^{Lie}`$.

The proof is given in 8.23 — 8.26 below.

8.23. Skew symmetry. Using (0.4.3), we have

$$[x,y]=\underset{j0}{}(1)^j^{(j+1)}\left\{(1)^{j+1}\underset{p0}{}(1)^p^{(p)}(y_{(j+p)}x)\right\}=$$

$$=\underset{j,p0}{}(1)^p\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{j+1+p}{p}\right)^{(j+p+1)}(y_{(j+p)}x)=$$

$$=\underset{n0}{}\left\{\underset{p=0}{\overset{n}{}}(1)^p\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n+1}{p}\right)\right\}^{(n+1)}(y_{(n)}x)=[y,x],QED$$

8.24. Jacobi identity. We need to prove that

$$[x,[y,z]]=[[x,y],z]+[y,[x,z]]$$

This is an obvious consequence of two lemmas below.

8.25. Lemma. For all $`x,y,zC`$

$$[x,[y,z]]=\underset{a,b0}{}(1)^{a+b}^{(a+b+2)}(x_{(a)}y_{(b)}z)$$
$`(\mathrm{8.25.1})`$
Indeed, we have

$$[x,[y,z]]=\underset{j0}{}(1)^j[x,^{(j+1)}(y_{(j)}z)]=\underset{i,j0}{}(1)^{i+j}^{(i+1)}\left(x_{(i)}^{(j+1)}(y_{(j)}z)\right)=$$

(using (0.4.6))

$$=\underset{i,j0}{}(1)^{i+j}^{(i+1)}\left\{\underset{p0}{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i}{p}\right)^{(j+1p)}(x_{(ip)}y_{(j)}z)\right\}=$$

$$=\underset{i,j0}{}(1)^{i+j}\underset{p0}{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i+j+2p}{i+1}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i}{p}\right)^{(i+j+2p)}(x_{(ip)}y_{(j)}z)=$$

(substituting $`a:=ip,b:=j`$)

$$=\underset{a,b0}{}(1)^{a+b}^{(a+b+2)}(x_{(a)}y_{(b)}z)\left\{\underset{p0}{}(1)^p\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a+p}{p}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a+b+2}{a+p+1}\right)\right\},$$

and we conclude by Lemma 8.13.

8.26. Lemma. For all $`x,y,zC`$

$$[[x,y],z]=\underset{a,b0}{}(1)^{a+b}^{(a+b+2)}\left\{x_{(a)}y_{(b)}zy_{(b)}x_{(a)}z\right\}$$
$`(\mathrm{8.26.1})`$
Indeed, we have

$$[[x,y],z]=\underset{j0}{}(1)^j\underset{i0}{}(1)^i^{(i+1)}\left\{^{(j+1)}(x_{(j)}y)_{(i)}z\right\}=$$

$$=\underset{i,j0}{}(1)^{i+1}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i}{j+1}\right)^{(i+1)}((x_{(j)}y)_{(ij1)}z)=$$

(by (0.4.5))

$$=\underset{i,j0}{}(1)^{i+1}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i}{j+1}\right)\underset{q=0}{\overset{j}{}}(1)^q\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{j}{q}\right)^{(i+1)}\left\{x_{(jq)}y_{(ij+q1)}z(1)^jy_{(iq1)}x_{(q)}z\right\},$$

and we again conclude after an easy rearrangement of the indices and using Lemma 8.13.

This completes the proof of lemma and of the theorem. $``$

8.27. Corollary. The vertex enevlope $`UC`$ of a conformal algebra $`C`$ is equal to the associative enveloping algebra $`UC^{Lie}`$ of the Lie algebra $`C^{Lie}`$.

If $`i:CUC`$ denotes the canonical morphism,

$$i([x,y])=i(x)_{(1)}i(y)i(y)_{(1)}i(x)$$
$`(\mathrm{8.27.1})`$
for all $`x,yC`$.

This follows immediately from the definition in 8.2.

Note that in an arbitrary vertex algebra, although the operation $`x_{(1)}y`$ is not associative, the commutator $`x_{(1)}yy_{(1)}x`$ is a Lie bracket, according to a remark by A.Radul cited in \[K\], 3.1, page 82.

This corollary supports the point of view advocated by Beilinson and Drinfeld, namely, that conformal algebras ($`Lie^{}`$-algebras in the language of BD) are analogs of Lie algebras, while vertex algebras (chiral algebras) are analogs of associative algebras.

8.28. Let us define a canonical increasing filtration $`F_{}UC`$ on $`UC`$ by induction: $`F_1UC=0,F_0UC=k\text{1},F_{i+1}UC=F_iUC+C_{(1)}F_iUC`$.

Obviously, the operation $`x_{(1)}y`$ induces on the associated graded space $`gr_F(UC):=_{i0}gr_F^i(UC):=_iF_iUC/F_{i1}UC`$ a structure of a commutative associative unitary $`k`$-algebra.

We have an evident surjective morphism of commutative algebras

$$Sym_k(C)gr_F(UC)$$
$`(\mathrm{8.28.1})`$
8.29. Theorem. If $`C`$ is a free $`k`$-module then (8.28.1) is an isomorphism.

This is immediate consequence of Corollary 8.27 and the usual Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt theorem for Lie algebras, cf. \[Se\], Part I, Chapter III, Theorem 4.3.

§9. Enveloping Algebra of a Vertex Algebroid

Abelian case

9.1. Let us define a $``$-module (over $`k`$) to be a $`_0`$-graded $`k`$-module $`C=_{i0}C_i`$ equipped with a family of endomorphisms $`^{(j)}:CC,j0,`$ where $`^{(j)}`$ has degree $`j`$, $`^{(0)}=Id`$ and

$$^{(i)}^{(j)}=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i+j}{i}\right)^{(i+j)}$$

Obviously, a $``$-module is the same as an abelian conformal algebra, i.e. a conformal algebra in which all operations (n) are trivial. These objects, with obvious morphisms, form a category $`od`$.

Let us define a $`1`$-truncated $``$-module to be a triple $`𝒳=(C_0,C_1,)`$ where $`C_i`$ are $`k`$-modules and $`:C_0C_1`$ is a map of $`k`$-modules. These objects form a category $`od_1`$. We have an obvious truncation functor

$$odod_1$$
$`(\mathrm{9.1.1})`$
It is easy to construct the left adjoint to (9.1.1). Namely, given $`𝒳=(C_0,C_1,)od_1`$, consider the direct sum

$$M=C_0C_1(_{i2}^{(i)}C_0)(_{i1}^{(i)}C_1)$$
$`(\mathrm{9.1.2})`$
where $`^{(i)}X`$ denotes a copy of a $`k`$-module $`X`$, whose elements are denoted $`^{(i)}x,xX`$. Define a $``$-module $`𝒳^{}=_{i0}C_i`$ as the quotient of $`M`$ modulo the submodule generated by the following elements:

$$^{(i+1)}x(i+1)^{(i)}(x),i1,xC_0$$
$`(\mathrm{9.1.3})`$
The grading and operators $`^{(j)}:C_iC_{i+j}`$ are defined in the obvious manner.

Note that if the ground ring $`k`$ contains the field of rational numbers $``$ then $`𝒳`$ is equal simply to

$$𝒳^{}=C_0C_1(_{i1}^{(i)}C_1)$$
$`(\mathrm{9.1.4})`$
9.2. Recall that in 0.9 one introduced the category $`𝒜lg`$ of $``$-algebras which are identified with commutative vertex algebras. A $``$-ideal $`J`$ in a $``$-algebra $`B`$ is a $`_0`$-graded ideal stable under all endomorphisms $`^{(i)}`$; this is the same as a vertex ideal if $`B`$ is understood as a vertex algebra.

We have an obvious forgetful functor

$$𝒜lgod$$
$`(\mathrm{9.2.1})`$
This functor admits a left adjoint

$$Sym:od𝒜lg$$
$`(\mathrm{9.2.2})`$
that assigns to a $``$-module $`C`$ the symmetric algebra (over $`k`$) $`Sym(C)`$. It is nothing but the restriction of the functor defined in 8.3 to the full subcategory of abelian conformal algebras.

9.3. Jet algebra.  Let us call a vertex algebroid $`𝒜=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },\mathrm{})`$ abelian if $`T=0`$. Thus, an abelian vertex algebroid is simply a triple $`𝒜=(A,\mathrm{\Omega },)`$ where $`A`$ is a commutative algebra, $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is an $`A`$-module and $`:A\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is a derivation. Thus, abelian vertex algebroids are the same as ”1-truncated $``$-algebras”. The category of abelian vertex algebroids will be denoted $`𝒜lg𝒜b`$; it is a full subcategory of $`𝒜lg`$.

We have an obvious forgetful functor

$$o:𝒜lg𝒜bod$$
$`(\mathrm{9.3.1})`$
and the truncation functor

$$𝒜lg𝒜lg𝒜b$$
$`(\mathrm{9.3.2})`$
Let us construct a left adjoint to (9.3.2). Given $`𝒜=(A,\mathrm{\Omega },)𝒜lg𝒜b`$, consider the $``$-module $`(o𝒜)^{}`$ and its symmetric algebra $`S(𝒜):=Sym((o𝒜)^{})𝒜lg`$. Note that the grading on $`S(𝒜)`$ is defined in such a way that $`AS(𝒜)`$ has grading $`0`$ and $`\mathrm{\Omega }S(𝒜)`$ has grading $`1`$.

Let $`RS(𝒜)`$ be a $``$-ideal generated by all elements

$$1_A1_{S(𝒜)};abab;a\omega a\omega ,$$
$`(\mathrm{9.3.3})`$
$`a,bA,\omega \mathrm{\Omega }`$ (note that these elements are indeed homogeneous). We denote the quotient $``$-algebra $`S(𝒜)/R`$ by $`J(𝒜)`$, and call it the jet algebra of $`𝒜`$. The assignment $`𝒜J(𝒜)`$ defines a functor

$$J:𝒜lg𝒜b𝒜lg$$
$`(\mathrm{9.3.4})`$
left adjoint to (9.3.2).

The composition $`A(o𝒜)^{}=Sym^1((o𝒜)^{})S(𝒜)J(𝒜)`$ defines a map

$$i_A:AJ(𝒜)$$
$`(\mathrm{9.3.5})`$
which is a map of $`k`$-algebras, due to the relations (9.3.3), which identifies $`A`$ with $`J(A)_0`$. This map makes $`J(𝒜)`$ an $`A`$-algebra.

A similar composition defines a map

$$i_\mathrm{\Omega }:\mathrm{\Omega }J(𝒜)$$
$`(\mathrm{9.3.6})`$
which is a map of left $`A`$-modules, again due to the relations (9.3.3). We have the compatibility: $`(i_A(a))=i_\mathrm{\Omega }((a))`$, and the triple $`(J(𝒜),i_A,i_\mathrm{\Omega })`$ has a

9.3.1. Universal Property. Given a triple $`(B,i_A^{},i_\mathrm{\Omega }^{})`$ where $`B`$ is a $``$-algebra, $`i_A^{}:AB`$ a morphism of $`k`$-algebras such that $`i_A^{}(A)B_0`$, $`i_\mathrm{\Omega }^{}:\mathrm{\Omega }B`$ a morphism of $`A`$-modules such that $`i_\mathrm{\Omega }^{}(\mathrm{\Omega })B_1`$ and $`i_\mathrm{\Omega }^{}((a))=(i_A^{}(a))`$, there exists a unique map of $``$-algebras $`f:J(A)B`$ such that $`fi_A=i_A^{}`$ and $`fi_\mathrm{\Omega }=i_\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$.

9.4. Let $`J^+=_{i1}J(𝒜)_i`$ be the augmentation ideal. Consider the associated graded algebra with respect to the $`J^+`$-adic filtration

$$grJ(𝒜)=_{i0}J^{+i}/J^{+i+1}$$
$`(\mathrm{9.4.1})`$
It inherits a $`_0`$-grading from $`J(𝒜)`$. Let $`\mathrm{\Omega }^{(i)}`$ denote the image of the composition

$$^{(i)}A^{(i1)}\mathrm{\Omega }J^+J^+/J^{+2}$$

Note that $`\mathrm{\Omega }^{(i)}`$ is an $`A`$-submodule of $`J^+/J^{+2}`$, and is contained inside the homogeneous component $`(J^+/J^{+2})_i`$.

Adding up, we get a map of $`A`$-modules

$$_{i1}\mathrm{\Omega }^{(i)}J^+/J^{+2}$$
$`(\mathrm{9.4.2})`$
and hence a morphism of $`A`$-algebras

$$Sym_A(_{i1}\mathrm{\Omega }^{(i)})Sym_A(J^+/J^{+2})grJ(𝒜)$$
$`(\mathrm{9.4.3})`$
the second arrow being the evident canonical map.

9.5. Theorem. Assume that $`k`$ and $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is a free $`A`$-module. Then

(i) the maps $`\mathrm{\Omega }\mathrm{\Omega }^{(i)}`$ sending $`\omega `$ to (the image of) $`^{(i1)}\omega ,i1,`$ are isomorphisms of $`A`$-modules;

(ii) both maps in (9.4.3) are isomorphisms of $`A`$-algebras.

Indeed, choose an $`A`$-base $`\{\omega _r\}`$ of $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$. Let $`\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Omega }}^{(i)}`$ denote a free $`A`$-module with the base $`\{^{(i1)}\omega _r\}`$. Let $`\stackrel{~}{J}`$ be the symmetric algebra $`Sym_A\{A(_{i1}\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Omega }}^{(i)})\}`$. It has an obvious structure of a $``$-algebra, and satisfies the universal property 9.3.1. Therefore, we have canonical isomorphism

$$J(𝒜)\stackrel{}{}\stackrel{~}{J}$$
$`(\mathrm{9.5.1})`$
We can apply the construction of 9.4 to the algebra $`\stackrel{~}{J}`$ as well, and for it the claims of Theorem 9.5 are clear. On the other hand, the maps $`\mathrm{\Omega }^{(i)}\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Omega }}^{(i)}`$ induced by (9.5.1) are isomorphisms. This implies the theorem. $``$

Conformal algebra associated with a vertex algebroid

9.6. Following the pattern of 3.1, let us define a $`1`$-truncated conformal algebra to be a quintuple $`c=(C_0,C_1,,_{(0)},_{(1)})`$ where $`C_i`$ are $`k`$-modules, $`:C_0C_1`$ is a $`k`$-module map and $`{}_{(i)}{}^{}:(C_0C_1)^2(C_0C_1)`$ are bilinear operations of degree $`i1`$.

Elements of $`C_0`$ (resp. of $`C_1`$) will be denoted $`a,b,c`$ (resp. $`x,y,z`$).

These data must satisfy the following axioms.

(Derivation)

$$(a)_{(0)}=0;(a)_{(1)}=a_{(0)};(x_{(0)}a)=x_{(0)}a$$
$`(Der)`$
(Commutativity)

$$x_{(0)}a=a_{(0)}x;x_{(0)}y=y_{(0)}x+(y_{(1)}x);x_{(1)}y=y_{(1)}x$$
$`(Com)`$
(Associativity) For all $`\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma C_0C_1`$ and $`i=0,1`$,

$$\alpha _{(0)}\beta _{(i)}\gamma =(\alpha _{(0)}\beta )_{(i)}\gamma +\beta _{(i)}\alpha _{(0)}\gamma $$
$`(Ass)`$
$`1`$-truncated conformal algebras, with obvious morphisms, form a category $`𝒞onf_1`$.

We have an evident forgetful functor

$$𝒱ert_1𝒞onf_1$$
$`(\mathrm{9.6.1})`$
9.7. We have an obvious truncation functor

$$𝒞onf𝒞onf_1$$
$`(\mathrm{9.7.1})`$
which assigns to a conformal algebra $`C`$ its part $`C_1`$ of degree $`1`$. Let us construct a left adjoint to this functor.

Given $`c=(C_0,C_1,\mathrm{})𝒞onf_1`$, consider $`c`$ as a $`1`$-truncated $``$-module (forgetting the operations), and consider the corresponding $``$-module $`C:=c^{}`$, cf. 9.1.

9.8. Theorem. There is a unique structure of a conformal algebra on $`C`$ such that operations (i) and $``$ on the subspace $`C_1`$ coincide with the ones given by the structure of a $`1`$-truncated conformal algebra on $`c`$.

The assignement $`cC`$ gives a functor

$$𝒞onf_1𝒞onf$$
$`(\mathrm{9.8.1})`$
left adjoint to (9.7.1).

Indeed, uniqueness is clear, due to the axioms (0.4.2) and (0.4.3) of a conformal algebra. We leave the proof of existence to the reader. The claim about adjointness is evident.

9.9. Let $`𝒜=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },\mathrm{})`$ be a vertex algebroid. We assign to $`𝒜`$ a $`1`$-truncated conformal algebra $`c𝒜=(C_0,C_1,\mathrm{})`$ by setting $`C_0=A,C_1=T\mathrm{\Omega },:C_0C_1`$ to be the composition of $`:A\mathrm{\Omega }`$ with the embedding $`\mathrm{\Omega }C_1`$, and defining the operations (i) by

$$a_{(0)}b=a_{(0)}\omega =\omega _{(0)}\omega ^{}=0;\tau _{(0)}a=\tau (a);\tau _{(0)}\omega =\tau (\omega )$$
$`(\mathrm{9.9.1})`$
$$\tau _{(0)}\tau ^{}=[\tau ,\tau ^{}]c(\tau ,\tau ^{})+\frac{1}{2}\tau ,\tau ^{}$$
$`(\mathrm{9.9.2})`$
$$x_{(1)}y=x,y$$
$`(\mathrm{9.9.3})`$
In other words, $`c𝒜`$ is the result of application of the forgetful functor (9.6.1) to the $`1`$-truncated vertex algebra $`u𝒜`$ defined in 3.3.

9.10. We may apply the functor (9.8.1) to the $`1`$-truncated conformal algebra $`c𝒜`$, and get a conformal algebra, to be denoted $`C𝒜`$.

Assume for simplicity that $`k`$. Then, as a $`k`$-module,

$$C𝒜=A(_{i0}^{(i)}T)(_{i0}^{(i)}\mathrm{\Omega })$$
$`(\mathrm{9.10.1})`$
Here are the explicit formulas for the operations (n) (below we agree that $`^{(i)}\alpha =0`$ if $`i<0`$). First of all, $`\alpha _{(n)}\beta =0`$ for all $`\alpha ,\beta A(_{i0}^{(i)}\mathrm{\Omega })`$ and $`n0`$. Next,

$$a_{(n)}^{(i)}\tau =^{(in)}\tau (a);\tau _{(n)}^{(i)}a=^{(in)}\tau (a)$$
$`(\mathrm{9.10.2})`$
$$\omega _{(n)}^{(i)}\tau =^{(in)}\tau (\omega )+(i+1)^{(in+1)}\omega ,\tau $$
$`(\mathrm{9.10.3})`$
$$\tau _{(n)}^{(i)}\omega =^{(in)}\tau (\omega )+n^{(in+1)}\tau ,\omega $$
$`(\mathrm{9.10.4})`$
Finally,

$$\tau _{(n)}^{(i)}\tau ^{}=^{(in)}\left\{[\tau ,\tau ^{}]c(\tau ,\tau ^{})\right\}+\frac{1}{2}(i+n+1)^{(in+1)}\tau ,\tau ^{}$$
$`(\mathrm{9.10.5})`$
Construction of envelope

9.11. Now we can construct the vertex envelope of a vertex algebroid $`𝒜=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },\mathrm{})`$. Consider the conformal algebra $`C𝒜`$; our vertex envelope $`U𝒜`$ will be a quotient of the vertex envelope $`UC𝒜`$ defined in the previous Section by certain vertex ideal.

To define this ideal, let us return to the tensor algebra $`T:=TC𝒜`$, as in 8.2. Let us define a left $``$-ideal $`RT`$ generated by the following elements:

$$r_0(u):=(1_A1_T)u,uT$$
$`(\mathrm{9.11.1})`$
$$r(a,x):=axax,aA,xA\mathrm{\Omega };r(a,\tau )=a\tau a\tau +\gamma (a,\tau )$$
$`(\mathrm{9.11.2})`$
Here by $``$-ideal we mean an ideal closed under all operators $`^{(i)}`$.

9.12. Lemma. The ideal $`R`$ is respected by all operations $`y_{(n)},yC𝒜,n`$.

Indeed, one has to check this for $`yAT\mathrm{\Omega }`$, $`n0`$, and only on generators of $`R`$. This is done by an easy case-by-case computation that we will leave to the reader, restricting ourselves by an example.

Let us check that $`\tau _{(0)}r(a,\tau ^{})S`$. We have

$$\tau _{(0)}r(a,\tau ^{})=\tau _{(0)}\left\{a\tau ^{}a\tau ^{}+\gamma (a,\tau ^{})\right\};$$

$$\tau _{(0)}(a\tau ^{})=\tau _{(0)}a\tau ^{}+a\tau _{(0)}\tau ^{}=\tau (a)\tau ^{}+a([\tau ,\tau ^{}]c(\tau ,\tau ^{})+\frac{1}{2}\tau ,\tau ^{});$$

$$\tau _{(0)}(a\tau ^{})=[\tau ,a\tau ^{}]+c(\tau ,a\tau ^{})\frac{1}{2}\tau ,a\tau ^{}$$

We have

$$[\tau ,a\tau ^{}]=a[\tau ,\tau ^{}]\tau (a)\tau ^{};$$

by axiom (A3) of a vertex algebroid,

$$c(\tau ,a\tau ^{})=c(a\tau ^{},\tau )=ac(\tau ^{},\tau )\gamma (a,[\tau ^{},\tau ])+\gamma (\tau (a),\tau ^{})\tau (\gamma (a,\tau ^{}))+$$

$$+\frac{1}{2}\tau ^{},\tau a\frac{1}{2}\tau ^{}\tau (a)+\frac{1}{2}\tau ,\gamma (a,\tau ^{})$$

By axiom (A2),

$$\frac{1}{2}\tau ,a\tau ^{}=\frac{1}{2}\left\{a\tau ^{},\tau +\gamma (a,\tau ^{}),\tau \tau ^{}\tau (a)\right\}=$$

$$=\frac{1}{2}\tau ^{},\tau a\frac{1}{2}a\tau ^{},\tau \frac{1}{2}\gamma (a,\tau ^{}),\tau +\frac{1}{2}\tau ^{}\tau (a)$$

Finally,

$$\tau _{(0)}\gamma (a,\tau ^{})=\tau (\gamma (a,\tau ^{}))$$

After bookkeeping, we see that

$$\tau _{(0)}r(a,\tau ^{})=r(a,[\tau ,\tau ^{}])+r(\tau (a),\tau ^{})r(a,c(\tau ,\tau ^{}))+\frac{1}{2}r(a,\tau ,\tau ^{})S,QED$$

9.13. Let $`\overline{R}UC𝒜`$ denote the image of $`R`$ under the canonnical projection $`TC𝒜UC𝒜`$. The previous lemma means that $`\overline{R}`$ is a vertex ideal in $`UC𝒜`$. Let us denote by $`U𝒜`$ the vertex algebra $`UC𝒜/\overline{R}`$. It is equipped with an obvious splitting $`TT\mathrm{\Omega }=U𝒜_1`$.

Conversely, given a splittable vertex algebra $`V`$, choose a splitting $`s:TV_1`$, and consider the vertex algebroid $`𝒜(V;s)`$, cf. §2. Let $`𝒱ert^{}𝒱ert`$ denote the full subcategory of splittable vertex algebras. We get a functor

$$𝒜:𝒱ert^{}𝒜lg$$
$`(\mathrm{9.13.1})`$
which is in fact the composition of the truncation functor (3.1.1) (restricted to $`𝒱ert^{}`$) and of the functor quasiinverse to (3.3.6).

9.14. Theorem. The assignement $`𝒜U𝒜`$ provides a functor

$$U:𝒜lg𝒱ert^{}$$
$`(\mathrm{9.14.1})`$
which is left adjoint to (9.13.1).

Indeed, this is evident from the construction.

Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt

9.15. Let $`𝒜=(A,T,\mathrm{\Omega },\mathrm{})`$ be a vertex algebroid. The enveloping algebra $`U𝒜`$ is generated as a $`k`$-module by the monomials of the form

$$x^px^{p1}\mathrm{}x^1$$
$`(\mathrm{9.15.1})`$
where $`x^i`$ has the form $`^{(j)}y,y=a,\omega `$ or $`\tau `$. Here we have denoted for brevity by $`xx^{}`$ the operation $`x_{(1)}x^{}`$.

Let us introduce a canonical increasing exhaustive filtration $`F_0U𝒜F_1U𝒜\mathrm{}U𝒜`$ by setting $`F_iU𝒜`$ to be equal the $`k`$-submodule of $`U𝒜`$ generated by all monomials (9.15.1) where there are $`i`$ letters $`x_j`$ of the form $`^{(a)}\tau `$.

Obviously all submodules $`F_iU𝒜`$ are stable under $`^{(j)}`$ and $`F_iU𝒜F_jU𝒜F_{i+j}U𝒜`$. Consider the associated graded module $`gr_FU𝒜=_{i0}F_iU𝒜/F_{i1}U𝒜`$.

It is easy to see that the operation $`xy`$ induces a commutative and associative multiplication on $`gr_FU𝒜`$, i.e. $`gr_FU𝒜`$ becomes a $``$-algebra (an abelian vertex algebra).

Let $`𝒜^{ab}`$ denote an abelian vertex algebroid $`(A,\mathrm{\Omega }T,)`$. We have

$$𝒜(gr_FU𝒜)=𝒜^{ab}$$
$`(\mathrm{9.15.2})`$
hence by adjunction we get a canonical map of $``$-algebras

$$J(𝒜^{ab})gr_FU𝒜$$
$`(\mathrm{9.15.3})`$
It is clear the this map is surjective.

Recall that by 9.4 we have a canonical filtration on $`J(𝒜^{ab})`$ (let us denote it by $`G`$ here) and a canonical surjective map of $``$-algebras

$$Sym_A\left\{(_{i1}T^{(i)})(_{i1}\mathrm{\Omega }^{(i)})\right\}gr_GJ(𝒜^{ab})$$
$`(\mathrm{9.15.4})`$
where $`X^{(i)}(X=T`$ or $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$) denotes a copy of $`X`$ sitting in weight $`i`$.

By refining the filtration $`F`$ using the filtration $`G`$, we get a canonical filtration $`H`$ on $`U𝒜`$ together with a surjective map (of $``$-algebras over $`A`$)

$$Sym_A\left\{(_{i1}T^{(i)})(_{i1}\mathrm{\Omega }^{(i)})\right\}gr_HU𝒜$$
$`(\mathrm{9.15.5})`$
The multiplication in the right hand side is induced by the operation (-1) on $`U𝒜`$.

9.16. Theorem. Assume that $`k`$ and both $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ and $`T`$ are free $`A`$-modules. Then the maps (9.15.3) and (9.15.5) are isomorphisms.

Filtration $`H`$ is compatible with the conformal grading, finite on each component with the fixed conformal weight and is canonical in following sense: for any morphism of vertex algebroids $`𝒜𝒜^{}`$, the corresponding morphism of vertex envelopes $`U𝒜U𝒜^{}`$ respects these filtrations.

To prove this, we use the strategy of Serre’s proof of the usual PBW theorem, cf. \[Se\], pp. 14-16. Let us choose well ordered $`A`$-bases $`\{\tau _s\},\{\omega _r\}`$ of $`T`$ and $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$. They give rise to a well ordered $`A`$-base

$$\{x_u\}_{uI}=\{^{(a)}\tau _s,^{(b)}\omega _r\}$$

of $`(_{i1}T^{(i)})(_{i1}\mathrm{\Omega }^{(i)})`$. For a sequence $`M=(u_1,\mathrm{},u_m),u_jI,u_1u_2\mathrm{}u_m`$ define a monomial $`x_MU𝒜`$ by

$$x_M=x_{u_1}\mathrm{}x_{u_m}$$

Similarly, $`M`$ defines monomials $`\overline{x}_Mgr_HU𝒜`$ and

$$\stackrel{~}{x}_MS:=Sym_A\left\{(_{i1}T^{(i)})(_{i1}\mathrm{\Omega }^{(i)})\right\}$$

Obviously, the monomials $`\{\stackrel{~}{x}_M\}`$ form an $`A`$-base of $`S`$. On the other hand, it is easy to see that each element of $`U𝒜`$ may by written as $`a_Mx_M`$ with some $`a_MA`$. To prove our claim it is enough to show that a relation

$$a_Mx_M=0$$
$`(\mathrm{9.16.1})`$
implies that all $`a_M=0`$ (cf. loc. cit., Lemma 4.5).

Proceeding in a manner similar to 8.4, we define an action of the Lie algebra $`C𝒜^{Lie}`$, and hence of its envelope $`UC𝒜^{Lie}=UC𝒜`$, on $`S`$. Next one checks the relations (9.11.1) and (9.11.2) and therefore gets an action of $`U𝒜`$ on $`S`$.

One sees immediately from the definitions that $`(ax_M)1_S=a\stackrel{~}{x}_M`$. Hence (9.16.1) implies the relation $`a_M\stackrel{~}{x}_M=0`$ in $`S`$ and therefore $`a_M=0`$, which proves the theorem. We leave the details to the reader. $``$

9.17. Let $`X`$ be a smooth $`k`$-scheme, $`UX`$ a Zariski open in $`X`$. A vertex algebra of the form $`U𝒜`$ where $`𝒜𝒜lg_{𝒯_X}(U)`$ is a section of the gerbe $`𝒜lg_{𝒯_X}`$ discussed in Section 7, is called an algebra of chiral differential operators on $`U`$.

These algebras form a gerbe $`𝒟iff_X`$, by definition isomorphic to the gerbe $`𝒜lg_X`$.

Note that all isomorphisms of algebras of chiral differential operators respect the canonical filtrations on them, and there is no obstruction to the gluing of associated graded algebras.

In particular, we have

9.18. Theorem. Assume that $`k`$. Each algebra of chiral do $`𝒟_X𝒟iff_X(X)`$ admits a canonical filtration whose graded algebra is isomorphic to

$$gr(𝒟_X)=Sym_{𝒪_X}\left\{(_{i1}𝒯_X^{(i)})(_{i1}\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{1(i)})\right\}$$
$`(\mathrm{9.18.1})`$
where $`𝒯_X^{(i)}`$ (resp. $`\mathrm{\Omega }_X^{1(i)}`$) denotes a copy of the tangent bundle (resp. of the bundle of $`1`$-forms) sitting in conformal degree $`i`$. $``$

References

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\[MSV\] F. Malikov, V. Schechtman, A. Vaintrob, Chiral de Rham complex, Comm. Math. Phys., 204 (1999), 439-473.

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V.G.: Department of Mathematics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; vgorbms.uky.edu

F.M.: Department of Mathematics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; fmalikovmathj.usc.edu

V.S.: IHES, 35 Route de Chartres, 91440 Bures-sur-Yvette, France; vadikihes.fr