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# The Nature of the UV/X-Ray Absorber in PG 2302+029

## 1. Introduction

X-ray absorption in quasars provides a powerful tool to study QSO environments. The signatures of this absorption are typically the suppression of soft X-rays and /or the presence of absorption edges from O VII and O VIII near 0.8 keV (Reynolds 1997; George et al. 1998). The strength of these features depends mainly on the degree of ionization and total column density. The relationship of the X-ray absorber to other components of the quasar environs, especially the UV absorbing gas, is not well understood. A natural question is whether these features originate in the same gas.

The best-known intrinsic UV absorption lines in QSOs are the broad absorption lines (BALs), but recent work has shown that some of the observed narrow absorption lines (NALs) and “mini-BALs” are also intrinsic to QSO environments (Barlow, Hamann & Sargent 1997; Hamann et al. 1997a and 1997b). These features can have velocity shifts comparable to the BALs (up to $``$51,000 km s-1 in one confirmed case; Hamann et al. 1997b) but the narrow line widths (from $`<`$100 km s-1 to a few thousand km s-1) require outflows with much smaller line-of-sight velocity dispersions. BALs, mini-BALs, and intrinsic NALs are each rare in QSO spectra, but the outflows that cause them might be common if, as expected, the gas covers a small fraction of the sky as seen from the central source. Among Seyfert 1 galaxies, 50% show intrinsic UV absorption (Crenshaw et al. 1999), and there is also a one-to-one correlation between the detection of X-ray absorption in Seyfert 1 galaxies and the appearance of intrinsic UV absorption lines (Crenshaw et al. 1999).

In QSOs, X-ray absorption is much rarer (Laor et al. 1997). Brandt, Laor, & Wills (2000) showed that QSOs with BALs are all significantly weaker soft X-ray sources than comparable-luminosity QSOs without BALs. Positive X-ray detections of BALQSOs (e.g., Mathur, Elvis, & Singh 1995; Green et al. 2001; Sabra & Hamann 2001; Gallagher et al. 2002) reveal large absorbing columns of $`N_\mathrm{H}10^{23}`$ cm-2. QSOs with weaker intrinsic UV absorption lines, e.g., the NALs and mini-BALs, appear to have systematically weaker X-ray absorption (Brandt et al. 2000). However, more work is needed to characterize the X-ray absorption in quasars with different types/strengths of UV absorption. Studies of X-ray absorbers in quasars, especially in relation to the UV absorption lines, will have profound impact on our knowledge of quasar wind properties, such as the acceleration mechanism, outflow geometry, wind launch radius, and mass loss rate (e.g., Mathur et al. 1995; Murray, Chiang, & Grossman 1995; Hamann 1998; Sabra & Hamann 2001). For example, it is difficult to radiatively accelerate an outflow with a large column density, unless it is launched from the inner most regions of the accretion disk.

In this paper we will discuss Chandra X-ray observations of the QSO PG 2302+029. This object shows a system of intrinsic UV absorption lines that have a velocity shift of $`56,000`$ km s-1 (Jannuzi et al. 1996) with respect to the systemic velocity of the QSO ($`z_{ems}=1.044`$). The system consists of NALs ($`FWHM330`$ km s-1) at $`z=0.7016`$ and a “mini-BAL” system ($`FWHM3300`$ km s-1) at $`z=0.695`$ (Jannuzi et al. 1996; 1998). It is also characterized by being an X-ray faint source with an HEAO-1 A-2 flux upper limit at 2 keV of $`4\times 10^{12}`$ erg s-1 cm-2 (Della Ceca et al. 1990). Our aim is to determine the properties of the X-ray spectrum, search for signs of absorption, and define the relationship between the UV and X-ray absorbing gas. We also discuss the location of the absorber, and the potential implications of high-velocity X-ray absorption for the wind dynamics. If the X-ray and UV absorbers are the same, then the $`56,000`$ km s-1 velocity shift of the UV absorption lines in PG 2302+029 is potentially resolvable with the Advanced Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS), given sharp features and adequate signal-to-noise ratio.

## 2. Observations and Data Reduction

We observed PG 2302+029 with Chandra using ACIS on 7 January 2000. We used the most recent (2 November 2000) re-processed data released by the Chandra X-ray Center for our analysis. No filtering for high background or bad aspect times was required because the light curves did not show any flare-ups in the count rate and the aspect solution, the pattern by which the telescope was dithered to distribute the incoming photons over different pixels to minimize pixel-to-pixel variation, did not have any outlying points. We performed data extraction and calibration using version 1.4 of the Chandra Interactive Analysis of Observations (CIAO). We created the response matrix and ancillary response files using calibration data provided when the chip temperature during observations was $`120^{}`$ C.

We extracted the source counts from a circular region of radius of $`5\mathrm{}`$ while the background region was an annulus with radii between $`10\mathrm{}`$ and $`20\mathrm{}`$, both centered on the position of PG 2302+029. The position of PG 2302+029 ($`\alpha (\mathrm{J2000})=23^h04^m44^s`$, $`\delta (\mathrm{J2000})=+03\mathrm{°}11\mathrm{}46\mathrm{}`$), as determined from the ACIS image, coincides to within $`1\mathrm{}`$ with the optical position of the source reported in Schneider et al. (1992). We obtained a total of $`391\pm 21`$ counts in an exposure time of 48 ksec across the observed energy range $`0.44.0`$ keV.

## 3. Analysis and Results

We bin the spectrum to have at least 30 counts/bin and use XSPEC (Arnaud 1996) to perform the analysis. The low count rate indicates that X-ray absorption may be present. We, therefore, consider fits to the data that include an X-ray continuum attentuated through an ionized X-ray absorber. Neutral X-ray absorption can be ruled out because the UV spectra do not contain any low-ionization metal lines that can be identified with the NAL and/or mini-BAL systems discussed in this paper (Jannuzi et al. 1996; Jannuzi et al. 2003). We model the ionized absorbers using the photoionization code CLOUDY (Ferland et al. 1998) assuming solar abundances.

We use this code to generate grids of absorbed continua in the following way: The incident continuum is a piecewise powerlaw, $`f_\nu \nu ^\alpha `$, (Zheng et al. 1997; Laor et al. 1997; Telfer et al. 2002) and is displayed in Figure 1. The far-UV part of the spectrum is characterized by the 2-point spectral index $`\alpha _{\mathrm{ox}}`$, which relates the flux densities at 2500 Å and 2 keV: $`\alpha _{\mathrm{ox}}=0.384\mathrm{log}(f_\nu (2500\AA )/f_\nu (2\mathrm{k}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}))`$. We use the B magnitude of 16.3 for PG 2302+029 to anchor the spectral energy distribution (SED) at 2500Å, taking into account the appropriate $`k`$correction (Green 1996). Consequently, the X-ray flux density is specified through $`\alpha _{\mathrm{ox}}`$. We step $`\alpha _{\mathrm{ox}}`$ from 1.6 to 2.2 in increments of 0.2. This effectively gives us 4 different unabsorbed spectra representing 4 possible intrinsic SEDs from the quasar’s central engine, leading to 4 different intrinsic X-ray luminosities (cf. Figure 1). Each SED is then attenuated through an ionized absorber. The amount of absorption largely depends on the intrinsic total hydrogen column density, $`N_\mathrm{H}`$ (cm-2), and the ionization parameter, $`U`$, defined as the ratio of the density of hydrogen ionizing photons to that of hydrogen particles (H0 \+ H+). For each of our 4 SEDs, we create a grid of attenuated continua by calculating ionized absorbers on a grid of $`U`$ and $`N_\mathrm{H}`$. Therefore, for every SED, there will be a grid of absorbed X-ray spectra identified by the ($`U`$, $`N_\mathrm{H}`$) combinations of the absorber through which they were transmitted.

XSPEC incorporates a $`\chi ^2`$ minimization scheme that allows us to find the best fitting attenuated continuum to the X-ray spectrum of PG 2302+029. We note that all our X-ray fits include attenuation by a Galactic column density of $`N_\mathrm{H}^{Gal.}=5\times 10^{20}`$ cm-2 (Lockman & Savage 1995) and the presence of an emission line with a Gaussian profile at $`3`$ keV (probably Fe K$`\alpha `$ at the redshift of the QSO). The significance of the Fe K$`\alpha `$ detection is clearly very low, given just 391 counts (see Figure 2), but we include it in our fits because the line is plausibly present and it improves the $`\chi ^2`$ results. We adjust the properties of the best Fe K$`\alpha `$ fit— normalization ($`1.7\times 10^6`$ photon s-1 cm-2 keV-1), width (0.3 keV), and energy (2.9 keV)— by hand after finding the best fit for the continuum in other parts of the spectrum. Our scheme also allows us to place the intrinsic absorber at any redshift we want. Naturally, we choose to place it either at the systemic redshift of the QSO, $`z_{XAbs}=z_{QSO}1`$, or at the redshift of the UV absorption lines, $`z_{Xabs}=z_{UVabs}0.7`$.

For a specific absorber redshift and for each of our 4 grids corresponding to the 4 intrinsic SEDs, we fit the data, with $`U`$ and $`N_\mathrm{H}`$ as free parameters, and note the value of the lowest reduced $`\chi ^2`$, $`\chi _\nu ^2`$, possible for that particular SED, and hence $`\alpha _{\mathrm{ox}}`$, and $`z`$. Upon comparison between the 8 $`\chi _\nu ^2`$ values, we find that the lowest $`\chi _\nu ^21`$, was that for the SED with intrinsic $`\alpha _{\mathrm{ox}}=2.0`$, corresponding to a far-UV/X-ray slope of $`\alpha _{\mathrm{EUV}}=2.4`$, for both $`z=0.7`$ and $`1.0`$. The rest of the SEDs are rejected at the 95% confidence level, regardless of the amount of intrinsic absorption.

The need for intrinsic absorption is illustrated in Figure 2, where we show the X-ray spectrum of PG 2302+029 together with best possible fits, for the continuum with $`\alpha _{\mathrm{ox}}=2.0`$, with no intrinsic absorption (upper panel), and with an ionized absorber at $`z=0.7`$ (lower panel). Clearly, the fit that includes intrinsic ionized absorption is much better than the one that does not. In particular, the unabsorbed spectrum fits the data well at high energies, but it substantially over predicts the counts in soft X-rays. An X-ray absorber naturally lowers the soft X-ray flux to the measured values.

Figure 3 shows overplots of the 67%, 90%, and 99% confidence contours from fitting the data for the case where the X-ray absorber is at the emission redshift, $`z_{XAbs}=z_{QSO}`$ (solid contours), and where the X-ray absorber matches the UV absorber redshift, $`z_{XAbs}=z_{UVabs}`$ (dotted contours). For the $`z_{XAbs}=z_{QSO}`$ case we find that $`N_\mathrm{H}=10^{22.8\pm 0.2}`$ cm-2 and $`\mathrm{log}U=2.2_{0.2}^{+0.1}`$ while for the $`z_{XAbs}=z_{UVabs}`$, $`N_\mathrm{H}=10^{22.4\pm 0.1}`$ cm-2 and $`\mathrm{log}U=1.6\pm 0.3`$, where all errors are at the 90% confidence level. The $`\chi _\nu ^2`$ in both cases is $`1`$, and therefore the fits do not constrain the redshift of thte X-ray absorber. Note that these results were derived assuming a fixed X-ray powerlaw index of $`\alpha _x=0.9`$. We did not explore other X-ray spectral slopes because the data quality is not sufficient to constrain additional free parameters.

## 4. Discussion

### 4.1. Intrinsic X-ray Brightness

Our finding in Section 3 that the intrinsic $`\alpha _{\mathrm{ox}}`$ is 2.0 for PG 2302+029 deserves more attention. It has been known that there is a correlation between the optical luminosity at 2500Å of a quasar and its intrinsic $`\alpha _{\mathrm{ox}}`$ (e.g., Yuan et al. 1998 and references therein). The relation shows a wide scatter in the distribution. The average $`\alpha _{\mathrm{ox}}`$ for radio quiet QSOs, such as PG 2302+029 (Kellerman et al. 1989), is 1.7 (Yuan et al. 1998; Vignali, Brandt, & Schneider 2003). PG 2302+029, with $`\alpha _{\mathrm{ox}}=2.0`$ and $`L_\nu (2500\AA )10^{31.8}`$ erg s-1 Hz-1, is still consistent with the scatter in the $`L_\nu \alpha _{\mathrm{ox}}`$ distribution discussed in Yuan et al. (1998), although it is $`10^{\frac{2.01.7}{0.384}}6`$ times fainter at $`2`$ keV, in the rest frame, than a quasar with comparable UV luminosity. This faintness is probably due to X-ray absorption.

### 4.2. The UV/X-ray Relationship

We perform a joint analysis of the our X-ray spectra and previous HST UV data (Jannuzi et al. 1996; Jannuzi et al. 1998; Jannuzi et al. 2003) to explore the relationship between the UV and X-ray absorbers. The HST data taken over two epochs (UT dates 19 May 1994 and 21, 24 December 1998 ) reveal variability in the strength of the UV absorption lines (Jannuzi 2002). These results confirm the intrinsic nature of the UV absorption, but it is important to keep in mind that the X-ray observations are not simulateneous with the HST dataset.

The 1994 Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) spectra show marginally resolved narrow absorption lines (NALs, $`FWHM330`$ km s-1, compared to a resolution of $`270`$ km s-1) of O VI $`\lambda \lambda 1032,1038`$, Ly$`\alpha `$, N V $`\lambda \lambda 1239,1243`$, and C IV $`\lambda \lambda 1548,1551`$ at $`z_{abs}^{narrow}=0.7016`$; broad absorption features (mini-BALs, $`FWHM3300`$ km s-1) from O VI, N V, C IV are seen at $`z_{abs}^{broad}=0.695`$ (Jannuzi et al. 1996). Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) data from 1998 reveal that the absorption, mini-BALs and NALs, in O VI and N V dramatically weakened to become unmeasurable, while the mini-BALs of C IV also diminished in strength (Jannuzi 2002; Jannuzi et al. 2003). The STIS spectra were obtained using the G140L and G230LB gratings, providing coverage from 1200 to 3000 Å at a spectral resolution of roughly R$`=`$500, or approximately a factor of two lower than the earlier FOS spectra. For further comparison of the STIS and FOS spectra, Jannuzi et al. (2003) convolved the FOS spectra to match the lower resolution of the STIS data. The observed absorption systems were then fit with Gaussians to determine the equivalent widths and line widths for each feature. These measurements were used, as detailed below, to constrain the column densities listed in Table 1.

From the standpoint of our analysis we are dealing effectively with 4 UV absorbers and 1 X-ray absorber: the broad and narrow-line UV absorbers of the 1994 epoch, the broad and narrow-line UV absorbers of 1998, and the X-ray absorber of 2000. We compare the properties of all these absorbers to investigate the UV/X-ray relationship.

We present in Figure 4 contours (solid lines) of ionic column densities of C IV, N V, O VI, and H I generated by photoionization calculations, using the $`\alpha _{\mathrm{ox}}=2.0`$ SED from section 3, on a grid of the ionization parameter and the total hydrogen column density, assuming solar abundances. The closed contours in Figure 4 are the 90% confidence contours calculated from the X-ray data (cf. Figure 3). The solid-line, closed contour is for the X-ray absorber at the redshift of the PG 2302+029, while the dotted-line one is for the X-ray absorber at the redshift of the UV absorber. The long-dashed and short-dashed contours denote the values of the ionic column densities from the broad lines and narrow lines, respectively, in the FOS spectra (see Jannuzi et al. 1996; 2003 for a detailed discussion of the UV data themselves). We do not show contours for the N V NALs since the $`1239`$ Å line appears to be weaker than the $`1243`$ Å line, probably due to the low signal-to-noise ratio, contrary to atomic physics.

We calculated UV the ionic column densities through a curve-of-growth analysis (Spitzer 1978) using the equivalent widths and FWHMs (to estimate the Doppler $`b`$ parameters) reported in Jannuzi et al. (2003), under the assumption of homogenous complete coverage by the absorber of the continuum source. The results are listed in Table 1. The Doppler $`b`$ parameter is a convenient way of characterizing the line-of-sight velocity field; we do not imply that thermal broadening is the cause of the line width. We include only the lines measured directly by Jannuzi et al. (2003). We do not list upper limits. The only mini-BALs and NALs in the STIS data that are discernable are those of C IV (see Table 1). We do not show their contours in Figure 4 to avoid cluttering the plots. We assume that the unresolved STIS NALs have the same line widths as their marginally resolved FOS counterparts.

We wish to make three comments here about the UV measurements. First, the C IV NAL doublets have equivalent width ratios somewhere between the optically thin, 2:1, and the optically thick, 1:1, limits. We therefore expect that these lines are not dominated by unresolved optically thick components, and our simple curve-of-growth analysis should yield reasonably accurate column densities that are, in any case, firm lower limits. Second, the mini-BALs are in fact blended doublets, implying that we have no contraints on partial coverage and our derived column densities for these lines are merely lower limits. Finally, given an equivalent width, we calculated the resulting ionic column density, the one shown in Figure 4. We assumed that the mini-BAL is due to a single transition. The oscillator strength of this transition is the sum of the two oscillator strengths of the doublet. The rest wavelength of the single transition is the oscillator-strength-weighted average of the rest wavelengths of the doublet lines. A more appropriate method would be to use the prescription presented in Junkkarinen, Burbidge, & Smith (1983) where an effective optical depth is calculated at every point across the line profile taking into account the combined contributions of the lines in the doublet. Upon experimentation with the STIS C IV mini-BALs, we found that the difference between the two methods is $`30`$%, within the measurements errors involved and making minimal difference in Figure 4.

While weak low-ionization UV absorption lines are seen at the redshift of the quasar and may be of a different nature than the NALs and mini-BALs we are discussing here (Jannuzi et al. 1998), high-ionization UV absorption lines are absent at this redshift. Moreover, there is no Lyman break, at any redshift, in the UV spectrum, and hence the total hydrogen column density in a low-ionization/neutral absorbing component is not high enough to lead to any observable effects on the X-ray spectrum. Our best fit to the X-ray absorber at $`z_{Xabs}=z_{QSO}`$ over predicts the OVI line absorption at this redshift. In particular, the predicted OVI column density at this redshift, $`10^{15.6}`$ cm-2, would lead to an equivalent width of $`9`$ Å and $`3`$ Å in the observed frame if the lines have a Doppler parameter of $`b2000`$ km s-1 and $`b200`$ km s-1, like the high-velocity mini-BALs and NALs, respectively. These features should be detectable at $``$7$`\sigma `$ in the FOS and STIS spectra. Their absence suggests that the X-ray absorber is not at the quasar systemic velocity. Note that these results do not depend on our assumption of solar metallicity, as long as the relative metal abundances are roughly in their solar ratios. The X-ray absorption is dominated by metal ions, and we use our fits to that to predict the strength of the metal lines in the UV. The relative abundance of hydrogen, therefore, is not a significant factor.

Another important constraint on the UV – X-ray relationship comes from the Ne VIII column densities (Figure 5). The Ne VIII lines are at 770 and 780 Å, within the spectral coverage of the STIS observations but not the FOS. The fact that they are high-ionization lines implies that they are good tracers of the X-ray gas. Our best fits to the X-ray data predict Ne VIII column densities of $``$1016.5 cm-2 if $`z_{Xabs}=z_{QSO}`$ and $``$1017.2 cm-2 if $`z_{Xabs}=z_{UVabs}`$. For Doppler parameters appropriate for the mini-BALs or NALs, $`b2000`$ km s-1 or $`b200`$ km s-1, respectively, we find that the Ne VIII column densities predicted by the X-rays should produce easily measurable UV lines ($`40\sigma `$), corresponding to observed frame equivalent widths of $`40`$ Å or $`3`$ Å respectively. However, there is no Ne VIII absorption detected at either redshift.

There are several possible explanations for the apparent discrepancies. First, the absorber overall is complex and time variable. The complexity is evident from the distinct UV kinematic components, e.g., the NALs and mini-BALs. Also, the column densities derived from the UV lines do not define an isolated location in the $`\mathrm{log}U`$ versus $`\mathrm{log}N_H`$ plane (Fig.4), suggesting that the NAL and mini-BAL regions both have multiple zones (with different values of $`U`$ and $`N_H`$). Third, as we have noted above, the NALs and mini-BALs both varied between the 1994 and 1998 HST observations (Jannuzi 2002), and neither of those measurements was simultaneous with the X-ray data obtained in 2000. Finally, the true uncertainties in $`U`$ and $`N_\mathrm{H}`$ of the X-ray absorber are likely to be larger than shown in Figure 3. Those results are based on fits that fixed the underlying continuum shape. Letting both the continuum shape and absorber properties vary in the fit would clearly lead to more uncertain results $``$ although, without pursuing that option, it is not clear if the the predicted Ne VIII absorption could be as low as the upper limit from the UV spectrum.

Another complication is that the UV lines may be affected by partial coverage. If the absorbing gas does not fully cover the background light source, as we have assumed above, then there can be unabsorbed light filling in the bottoms of the UV line troughs and the column densities inferred from the lines will be only lower limits. Studies of other sources show that the coverage fraction can differ between ions and vary with velocity (across the line profiles) in the same ion (Hamann et al. 1997, Barlow & Sargent 1997, Barlow, Sargent & Hamann 1997). Our column density estimates all assume 100% coverage. We can determine from the doublet ratios of the NALs that those lines are not optically thick absorption masked by partial coverage, i.e., their derived column densities should be reasonable (section 4.2). Moreover, we have no diagnostic of partial coverage for the mini-BALs. We must therefore keep in mind that their derived column densities are, strictly speaking, only lower limits. Similarily, the line strengths predicted from the X-ray column densities, e.g. for O VI and Ne VIII above, are lower limits because of the assumption of 100% coverage in the X-ray fits.

In summary, the strengths of most of the UV lines are consistent with the X-ray measurements, if the X-ray and UV absorbers are outflowing at the same speed. The absence of high-ionization absorption lines at the quasar’s redshift argues for the UV and X-ray absorbers occuring in the same general region at high velocity. However, the X-ray observations overpredict the high-ionization UV lines of Ne VIII at all velocities. Simultaneous UV and X-ray observations are needed to probe the UV – X-ray relationship further.

### 4.3. Wind Dynamics

If we assume the X-ray absorbing gas is outflowing with the UV absorber, then we can use the outflow velocity determined from the UV lines together with the X-ray measured total hydrogen column density to test the viability of radiative acceleration of the wind. Hamann (1998) found that the terminal velocity ($`v_{terminal}`$) of a radiatively accelerated wind is related (cf. equation 3 of Hamann 1998) to the total luminosity of the quasar, the mass of its central blackhole, the total column density of the wind ($`N_\mathrm{H}`$), the radius at which it is launched ($`R_{launch}`$), and the fraction ($`f_L`$) of incident continuum energy absorbed or scattered by the wind along an average line of sight.

For BALs, Hamann (1998) estimated that $`f_L`$ could be on the order of a few tenths. However, the narrower and shallower lines in PG 2302+029 will intercept less continuum flux. Moreover, lower column densities compared to BAL flows imply that reprocessing overall is less efficient. We, therefore, assume that $`f_L0.1`$ for our present analysis. We also adopt representative values of the blackhole mass, $`10^8`$ M, and luminosity, $`10^{46}`$ erg s-1, which is the Eddington luminosity associated with that mass. We assume that $`v_{terminal}=56,000`$ km s-1 and $`N_\mathrm{H}=2.34\times 10^{22}`$ cm-2. These values are the outflow velocity of the UV lines (Jannuzi et al. 1996) and the column density we determined from the X-rays if the absorber is at $`z=0.7`$ (see end of section 3). Substituting all these numbers into equation (3) of Hamann (1998), we find that the launch radius is $`10^{15}`$ cm $`100`$ RSchwarzchild. Therefore, if the wind is radiatively accelerated, it must be launched very near to the black hole.

The mass loss rate implied by this radius is $`0.1Q`$ M yr-1, where $`Q`$ is the global covering factor $`\mathrm{\Omega }/4\pi `$ (Hamann & Brandt 2002, in preparation). The density of the flow at this launch radius should be $`n_H10^{11}`$ cm-3, if it is photoionized with $`\mathrm{log}U=1.6`$ appropriate for the X-ray absorber (see Hamann & Brandt 2002 for explicit equations).

### 4.4. Geometry and Physical Models

The small launch radius required for a high-velocity X-ray absorber may be problematic for models of the outflow in PG 2302+029. For comparison, this maximum launch radius is much smaller than the nominal radius of the broad emission line region for a quasar of the same luminosity ($`R_{\mathrm{BLR}}2\times 10^{18}`$ cm, based on reverberation studies, e.g., Kaspi et al. 2000). On the other hand, the size of the X-ray continuum source is $`10^{14}`$ cm (e.g., Peterson 1993), an order of magnitude smaller than the launch radius derived above. Given the small launch radius, it seems likely that the X-ray absorber is either not radiatively accelerated, or not outflowing at the same high speed as the UV lines.

In either case, the absence of high-ionization UV absorption near the systemic velocity places another important constraint on wind models. If it is a steady- state flow, then the acceleration must occur in a region that does not intersect our sightline to the continuum source. Models of outflows that lead to such UV lines have been discussed by Murray et al. (1995), Murray & Chiang (1995), and Elvis (2000). In these scenarios, the wind is initially perpendicular to the accretion disk. As it flows farther from the disk, the radiation pressure accelerating it bends and flares in the radial direction. Oblique lines of sight then could pass through the bent part of the wind, thus explaining the absence of zero-velocity absorption.

The models mentioned in the previous paragraph differ in subtle ways. Murray et al. (1995) described a case in which the X-ray absorber is at rest. Its function is to shield the UV gas from soft X-rays and prevent it from becoming highly ionized, in which case resonant line driving would not be effective. Another variant of this scheme is the possibility of a self-shielding wind (Murray & Chiang 1995; Elvis 2000). The X-ray and UV absorption arise in the same outflowing gas. The high column density of the wind requires a small launch radius, although probably larger than the radius we derive in section 4.3.

## 5. Conclusions

We presented Chandra X-ray observations of the radio-quiet QSO PG 2302$`+`$029 and demonstrated the presence of soft X-ray absorption in its spectrum. Older UV spectra of this quasar have been used to identify the presence of rarely observed ultra-high velocity ($`56,000`$ km s$`{}_{}{}^{}1`$) absorption lines consistent with this quasar containing a remarkable outflow from its active nucleus (Jannuzi et al. 1996, Jannuzi et al. 2003). Using photoionization models and the combined X-ray and UV data sets we have investigated the possible physical properties of the gas producing the X-ray and UV absorption. We suggest that the X-ray absorption also occurs at high velocities in the same general region as the UV absorber. There are not enough constraints to rule out multi-zone models. Multi-zone models are required if the distinct broad and narrow UV line profiles are both intrinsic to the QSO. The properties of the X-ray and UV absorption, as inferred from the data, are consistent with each other, if the X-ray absorbing gas is outflowing with the UV absorber. However, the X-ray data over predict the strength of the high-ionization UV lines of Ne VIII at all velocities. If we assume the X-ray absorbing gas is in an outflow with the same velocity as the gas producing the UV-absorbing wind and that such winds are radiatively accelerated, then the outflow must be started at a radius of $`10^{15}`$ cm from the central source of the radiation.

Acknowledgements: We wish to acknowledge support through Chandra grants GO 0-1123X and GO 0-1157X. BTJ acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation through their support of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (A.U.R.A.) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation and from NASA through a grant to proposal GO-07348.01-A from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by A.U.R.A., Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555


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# Evidence for two-quark content of 𝑓₀(980) in exclusive 𝑏→𝑐 decays

## Abstract

Inspired by a large decay branching ratio (BR) of $`B^+f_0(980)K^+`$ measured by Belle recently, we propose that a significant evidence of the component of $`n\overline{n}=(u\overline{u}+d\overline{d})/\sqrt{2}`$ in $`f_0(980)`$ could be demonstrated in exclusive $`bc`$ decays by the observation of $`f_0(980)`$ in the final states $`\overline{B}D^{0()}\pi ^+\pi ^{}(KK)`$ and $`\overline{B}J/\mathrm{\Psi }\pi ^+\pi ^{}(KK)`$. We predict the BRs of $`\overline{B}D^{0()}(J/\mathrm{\Psi })f_0(980)`$ to be $`𝒪(10^4)`$ ($`𝒪(10^5)`$) while the unknown wave functions of $`D^{()0}`$ ($`J/\mathrm{\Psi }`$) are chosen to fit the observed decays of $`\overline{B}D^{()0}\pi ^0(J/\mathrm{\Psi }K^{0()})`$.

In spite of the successful quark model and QCD theory for strong interaction, the fundamental questions on the inner structure of lightest scalar mesons, such as $`f_0(4001200)`$, $`f_0(980)`$ and $`a_0(980)`$ etc., are still uncertain, even although it has been over thirty years since $`f_0(980)`$ was discovered first in phase shift analysis of elastic $`\pi \pi `$ scattering f0 . Besides the interpretations of $`qq\overline{q}\overline{q}`$ four-quark states 4q  or $`K\overline{K}`$ molecular states KK  or $`q\overline{q}`$ states qq  etc., the possibilities of gluonium states MO  and scalar glueballs Robson  are also proposed. It might be oversimple to regard them as only one kind of composition.

It is suggested that in terms of $`\gamma \gamma `$ MO  and radiative $`\varphi `$ Antonelli ; BELNP  decays, the nature of scalar mesons can be disentangled. However, with these experiments, the conclusions such as given by Refs. De ; DP  and Ref. AG  are not unique. The former prefers $`q\overline{q}`$ while the latter is four-quark content. Nevertheless, according to the data of E791 E791  and Focus FOCUS , the productions of scalar mesons which are reconstructed from $`D`$ and $`D_s`$ decaying to three-pseudoscalar final states and mainly show $`q\overline{q}`$ contents, can provide us a further resolution Meadows . In addition, $`Z_0`$ decay data of OPAL OPAL  also hint that $`f_0(980)`$, $`f_2(1270)`$ and $`\varphi (1020)`$ have the same internal structure. Hence, the compositions of light scalar bosons should be examined further.

Recently, the decay of $`B^+f_0(980)K^+`$ with the BR product of $`Br(B^+f_0(980)K^+)\times Br(f_0(980)\pi ^+\pi ^{})=(9.6_{2.31.50.8}^{+2.5+1.5+3.4})\times 10^6`$ has been observed in Belle Belle1 . The observation not only displays in the first time $`B`$ decay to scalar-pseudoscalar final states but also provides the chance to understand the characteristics of scalar mesons. Since $`B`$ meson is much heavier than $`D_{(s)}`$ mesons, in the two-body $`B`$ decays, the outgoing light mesons will behave as massless particles so that the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach LB ; Li , in which the corresponding bound states are expanded by Fock states, could apply. Therefore, as compared to two-parton states, the contributions of four-parton and gluonium states belong to higher Fock states. Consequently, we think that the effects of $`q\overline{q}`$ state are more important than those in $`D_s`$ decays. In this paper, in order to further understand what the nature of $`f_0(980)`$ in $`B`$ decays is, we take it to be composed of $`q\overline{q}`$ states mainly and use $`|f_0(980)>=\mathrm{cos}\varphi _s|s\overline{s}>+\mathrm{sin}\varphi _s|n\overline{n}>`$ with $`n\overline{n}=(u\overline{u}+d\overline{d})/\sqrt{2}`$ to denote its flavor wave function. We note that so far $`\varphi _s`$ could be $`42.14_{7.3}^{+5.8^0}`$ MO  and $`138^0\pm 6^0`$ AAN . With the lowest order criterion, the effects of four-parton and gluonium states are neglected.

Inspired by the large BR of $`B^+f_0(980)K^+`$, we propose that a significant evidence of the component of $`n\overline{n}`$ in $`f_0(980)`$ could be demonstrated by exclusive $`\overline{B}D^{()0}f_0(980)`$ and $`\overline{B}J/\mathrm{\Psi }f_0(980)`$ processes and $`f_0(980)`$ could be reconstructed from the decays $`\overline{B}D^{()0}\pi ^+\pi ^{}(KK)`$ and $`\overline{B}J/\mathrm{\Psi }\pi ^+\pi ^{}(KK)`$. The results could be as the complement to the three-body decays of $`D_s`$ that already indicate the existence of $`s\overline{s}`$ component .

It is known that the exclusive $`bc`$ decays are dominated by the tree contributions and only $`(VA)(VA)`$ four-fermi interactions need to be considered. The difficulty in our calculations is how to determine the involving wave functions which are sensitive to the nonperturbative QCD effects and are universal objects. In $`B`$ meson case, one can fix it by $`BPP`$ processes, with $`P`$ corresponding to light pseudoscalars in which the wave functions are defined in the frame of light-cone and have been derived from QCD sum rule Ball . As to the $`D^{()0}(J/\mathrm{\Psi })`$ wave functions, we can call for the measured BRs of color-suppressed decays $`\overline{B}D^0\pi ^0`$ BD  and $`\overline{B}J/\mathrm{\Psi }K^{()}`$ BJ . However, it might be questionable to apply the QCD approach for ordinary $`PP`$ modes to $`D^{()}(J/\mathrm{\Psi })`$ decays because they aren’t light mesons anymore. In the heavy $`b`$ quark limit, fortunately, the involved scales satisfy $`m_b>>m_c>>\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}`$ with $`m_{b(c)}`$ being the mass of $`b(c)`$-quark and $`\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}=M_Bm_b`$ so that the leading power effects in terms of the expansions of $`\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}/m_c`$ and $`m_c/m_b`$ could be taken as the criterion to estimate the involving processes. We will see later that not only the obtained BRs of $`\overline{B}J/\mathrm{\Psi }K^{}`$ but also their helicity components of decay amplitudes are consistent with current experimental data. It will guarantee that our predicted results on $`f_0(980)`$ productions of $`B`$ decays are reliable.

Since the hadronic transition matrix elements of penguin effects in $`\overline{B}J/\mathrm{\Psi }M`$, $`M=K,K^{}`$, and $`f_0(980)`$, can be related to tree ones, we describe the effective Hamiltonian for the $`bc\overline{q}d`$ transition as

$`H_{\mathrm{eff}}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{G_F}{\sqrt{2}}}{\displaystyle \underset{q=u,c}{}}V_q\left[C_1(\mu )𝒪_1^{(q)}+C_2(\mu )𝒪_2^{(q)}\right]`$ (1)
with $`𝒪_1^{(q)}=\overline{d}_\alpha q_\beta \overline{c}_\beta b_\alpha `$ and $`𝒪_2^{(q)}=\overline{d}_\alpha q_\alpha \overline{c}_\beta b_\beta `$, where $`\overline{q}_\alpha q_\beta =\overline{q}_\alpha \gamma _\mu (1\gamma _5)q_\beta `$, $`\alpha (\beta )`$ are the color indices, $`V_q=V_{qd}^{}V_{cb}`$ are the products of the CKM matrix elements, and $`C_{1,2}(\mu )`$ are the Wilson coefficients (WCs) BBL . Conventionally, the effective WCs of $`a_2=C_1+C_2/N_c`$ and $`a_1=C_2+C_1/N_c`$ with $`N_c=3`$ being color number are more useful. $`q=u`$ corresponds to $`\overline{B}D^{()0}M`$ decays while $`q=c`$ stands for $`\overline{B}J/\mathrm{\Psi }M`$ decays. According to the effective operators in Eq. (1), we find that only emission topologies contribute to $`\overline{B}J/\mathrm{\Psi }f_0(980)`$, however, the decays of $`\overline{B}D^{()0}f_0(980)`$ involve both emission and annihilation topologies. To be more clear, the illustrated diagrams are displayed in Fig. 1. From the figure, we could see obviously that only $`n\overline{n}`$ content has the contributions and the factorizable emission parts, Fig. 1(a), are only related to the $`\overline{B}f_0(980)`$ form factor. We note that in the color-suppressed processes the nonfactorizable effects, shown as Fig. 1(b) and (d), are important and should be considered.

Regarding $`f_0(980)`$ as $`q\overline{q}`$ contents in $`B`$ decays, the immediate question is how to write down the corresponding hadronic structures and the associated wave functions for this $`{}_{}{}^{3}P_{0}^{}`$ state. What we know is that the spin structures of $`f_0(980)`$ should satisfy $`0|\overline{q}\gamma _\mu q|f_0(980)=0`$ and $`0|\overline{q}q|f_0(980)=m_{f_0}\stackrel{~}{f}`$ in which $`m_{f_0}(\stackrel{~}{f}0.18)`$ DP  is the mass ( decay constant) of $`f_0(980)`$. In order to satisfy these local current matrix elements, the light-cone distribution amplitude for $`f_0(980)`$ should be given by

$`0|\overline{q}(0)_jq(z)_l|f_0`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2N_c}}}{\displaystyle _0^1}dxe^{ixPz}\{[/p]_{lj}\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}(x)`$ (2)
$`+m_f[\mathrm{𝟏}]_{lj}\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}^p(x)\}`$
where $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}^{(p)}(x)`$ belong to twist-2(3) wave functions. The charge parity indicates that $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}(x)=\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}(1x)`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}^p(x)=\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}^p(1x)`$ CZ  so that their normalizations are $`_0^1𝑑x\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}(x)=0`$ and $`_0^1𝑑x\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}^p(x)=\stackrel{~}{f}/2\sqrt{2N_c}`$. As usual, we adopt a good approximation that the light-cone wave functions are expanded in Gegenbauer polynomials. Therefore, we choose

$`\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}^p(x)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\stackrel{~}{f}}{2\sqrt{2N_c}}}\{3(12x)^2+G_1^p(12x)^2`$
$`\times [C_2^{3/2}(12x)3]+G_2^pC_4^{1/2}(12x)\},`$
$`\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}(x)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\stackrel{~}{f}}{2\sqrt{2N_c}}}G\left[6x(1x)C_1^{3/2}(12x)\right],`$ (3)
where $`C_n^\lambda `$ are the Gegenbauer polynomials and the values of coefficients $`\{G\}`$ haven’t been determined yet from the first principle QCD approach.

It has been shown that by the employ of hierarchy $`M_B>>M_{D^{()}}>>\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}`$, the $`D^{()}`$ meson distribution amplitudes could be described by Li-P

$`0|\overline{d}(0)_jc(z)_l|D`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2N_c}}}{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑xe^{ixPz}`$
$`\times \left\{[/p+M_D]_{lj}\gamma _5\mathrm{\Phi }_D(x)\right\},`$
$`0|\overline{d}(0)_jc(z)_l|D^{}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2N_c}}}{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑xe^{ixPz}`$ (4)
$`\times \{[/p+M_D^{}]_{lj}/\epsilon \mathrm{\Phi }_D^{}(x)\},`$
where $`\epsilon _\mu `$ is the polarization vector of $`D^{}`$, the normalizations of wave functions are taken as $`_0^1𝑑x\mathrm{\Phi }_{D^{()}}(x)=f_{D^{()}}/2\sqrt{2N_c}`$ and $`f_{D^{()}}`$ are the corresponding decay constants. Although the decay constants and wave functions of the $`D^0`$ meson for longitudinal and transverse polarizations are different generally, for simplicity, in our estimations we assume that they are the same. Since the hadronic structure of $`B`$ was studied before, the explicit description can be found in Ref. Chen-Li . In order to fit the measured BR of $`\overline{B}D^0\pi ^0`$, the involved $`D^{()}`$ wave functions are modelled simply as Li-P

$`\mathrm{\Phi }_{D^{()}}(x)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{3}{\sqrt{2N_c}}}f_{D^{()}}x(1x)[1+0.7(12x)].`$ (5)
With the same guidance, we also apply the concept to the $`J/\mathrm{\Psi }`$ case. As a detail discussion, one can refer Ref. YL .

As mentioned before, due to a large energy transfer in heavy $`B`$ meson decays, we can utilize the factorization theorem, in which decay amplitudes can be calculated by the convolution of hard parts and wave functions LB ; Li , to describe the hadronic effects. Although vector $`D^0`$ and $`J/\mathrm{\Psi }`$ mesons carry the spin degrees of freedom, in the $`\overline{B}D^0(J/\mathrm{\Psi })f_0(980)`$ decays only longitudinal polarization is involved. Expectably, the results should be similar to the $`D^0f_0(980)`$ mode. Hence, we only present the representative formulas for $`\overline{B}D^0f_0(980)`$ at the amplitude level but give the predicted BRs for all considered processes. From Fig. 1 and the effective interactions of Eq. (1), the decay amplitude for $`\overline{B}D^0f_0(980)`$ is written by

$`A_{\overline{n}n}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}\varphi _s}{\sqrt{2}}}V_u\left[f_D_e+_e+f_B_a+_a\right]`$
where $`_e(_e)`$ and $`_a(_a)`$ are the factorized (non-factorized) emission and annihilation hard amplitudes, respectively. According to Eqs. (2) and (4), the typical hard functions are expressed as

$`_e`$ $`=`$ $`\zeta {\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑x_1𝑑x_3{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}b_1𝑑b_1b_3𝑑b_3\mathrm{\Phi }_B(x_1,b_1)`$ (6)
$`\{[(1+x_3)\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}(x_3)+r_f(12x_3)\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}^p(x_3)]_e(t_e^1)`$
$`+2r_f\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}^p(x_3)_e(t_e^2)\},`$
$`_e`$ $`=`$ $`2\zeta {\displaystyle _0^1}d[x]{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}b_1𝑑b_1b_3𝑑b_3\mathrm{\Phi }_B(x_1,b_1)\mathrm{\Phi }_D(x_2)`$ (7)
$`\{[(x_2+x_3)\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}(x_3)+r_fx_3\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}^p(x_3)]_d^1(t_d^1)`$
$`+[(1x_2)\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}(x_3)r_fx_3\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}^p(x_3)]_d^2(t_d^2)\},`$
with $`\zeta =8\pi C_FM_B^2`$, $`r_f=m_f/M_B`$, $`_e^i(t_e^i)=`$ $`\alpha _s(t_e^i)`$ $`a_2(t_e^i)`$ $`Su_{B+f_0(980)}(t_e^i)`$ $`h_e(\{x\},\{b\})`$ and $`_d^i(t_d^i)=\alpha _s(t_d^i)(C_2(t_d^i)/N_c)`$ $`Su(t_d^i)_{B+D+f_0(980)}`$ $`h_d(\{x\},\{b\})`$. $`t_{e,d}^{1,2}`$, $`Su`$ and $`h_{e,d}`$ denote the hard scales of $`B`$ decays, Sudakov factors and hard functions arising from the propagators of gluon and internal valence quark, respectively. Their explicit expressions can be found in Ref. Chen-Li . With the same procedure, the other hard functions can be also derived.

So far, the still uncertain values are the $`\{G\}`$ parameters of the $`f_0(980)`$ wave functions. By the identity of $`<0|\overline{q}\gamma _\mu q|V,T>=M_Vf_V\epsilon _\mu (T)`$ for the $`V`$-meson transverse polarization, we find that except the Dirac matrices $`\gamma _\mu `$ and the associated polarization vector $`\epsilon _\mu `$, it is similar to the scalar meson case. Inspired by the similarity, we adopt $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{f_0}^p(x)`$ to be a $`\rho `$-meson like wave function and take $`G_1^p1.5`$ and $`G_2^p1.8`$ Chen . As to the value of $`G`$, we use the corresponding value in $`a_0(980)`$ given by the second reference of CZ  and get $`G1.11`$. By the chosen values and using Eq. (6) with excluding WC of $`a_2`$, we immediately get the $`\overline{B}f_0(980)`$ form factor to be 0.38. Is it a reasonable value? In order to investigate that the obtained value is proper, we employ the relationship $`F^{Bf_0(980)}(M_{D_s}/M_B)^{1/2}F^{D_sf_0(980)}`$, which comes from the heavy quark symmetry limit HQ , as a test. According to the calculation of Ref. DGNPT , we know $`F^{D_sf_0(980)}0.6`$; and then, we have $`F^{Bf_0(980)}0.36`$. Clearly, it is quite close to what we obtain. Hence, with the taken values of parameters, the magnitudes of hard functions are given in Table 1. We note that the complex values come from the on-shell internal quark and all of hard functions are the same in order of magnitude.

One challenging question is that how reliable our results are. In order to investigate this point, besides the $`\overline{B}D^{()0}(J/\mathrm{\Psi })f_0(980)`$ decays, we also calculate $`\overline{B}D^0\pi ,J/\mathrm{\Psi }(K,K^{})`$ and $`\overline{B}f_0(980)K^+`$ processes. All of them are already measured at B factories BelleBr ; BaBarBr . Due to the calculations and formalisms being similar to $`D^0f_0(980)`$, we directly present the predicted BRs in Table 2 by taking $`\varphi _s=45^0`$, $`f_D^{}=0.22`$ GeV, $`f_{J/\mathrm{\Psi }}=0.405`$ GeV and the same taken values of Table 1. As to the $`J/\mathrm{\Psi }`$ wave functions, we model it as $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{J/\mathrm{\Psi }}(x)=f_{J/\mathrm{\Psi }}[30x^2(1x)^2]/2\sqrt{2N_c}`$. The BRs of charged $`B^+J/\mathrm{\Psi }M^+`$ modes can be obtained from neutral modes by using $`Br(\overline{B}^0J/\mathrm{\Psi }M^0)\tau _{B^+}/\tau _{B^0}`$. Hence, from the Table 2, we clearly see that our predictions are consistent with experimental data.

Moreover, it is worthful to mention that in addition to the $`BR`$ of $`\overline{B}J/\mathrm{\Psi }K^{}`$ decay, the squared helicity amplitudes $`|A_0|^2`$, $`|A_{}|^2`$ and $`|A_{}|^2`$ with the normalization of $`|A_0|^2+|A_{}|^2+|A_{}|^2=1`$ CKL  are also given as $`0.59`$, $`0.24`$ and $`0.17`$, respectively. They are all comparable with the measured values $`0.60\pm 0.05(0.60\pm 0.04)`$, $`0.21\pm 0.08(0.24\pm 0.04)`$ and $`0.19\pm 0.06(0.16\pm 0.03)`$ of Belle (BaBar) BelleBr ; BaBarBr . In order to further understand the dependence of the effects of $`n\overline{n}`$ content, the BRs as a function of mixing angle $`\varphi _s`$ are shown in Fig. 2. We note that with including the twist-2 wave function for $`f_0(980)`$, our previous result of $`B^+K^+f_0(980)`$ in the small $`\varphi _s`$ region Chen  becomes insensitive to $`\varphi _s`$.

The subsequent question is how to search the events for $`\overline{B}D^{()0}f_0(980)`$ and $`\overline{B}J/\mathrm{\Psi }f_0(980)`$ decays. From particle data group of Ref. BJ , we know that $`f_0(980)`$ mainly decays to $`\pi \pi `$ and $`KK`$ and $`R=\mathrm{\Gamma }(\pi \pi )/(\mathrm{\Gamma }(\pi \pi )+\mathrm{\Gamma }(KK))0.68`$. Therefore, we suggest that the candidates could be found in $`\overline{B}D^{()0}(J/\mathrm{\Psi })\pi \pi (KK)`$ three-body decay samples. For an illustration, according to the values of Table 2, we can estimate that the BR product of $`Br(\overline{B}D^0f_0(980))\times Br(f_0(980)\pi ^+\pi ^{})1.0\times 10^4`$ with $`Br(f_0(980)\pi ^+\pi ^{})=2R/3`$. The result is consistent with the measured value of $`(8.0\pm 0.6\pm 1.5)\times 10^4`$ for $`\overline{B}D^0\pi ^+\pi ^{}`$ decay while that of $`\overline{B}D^0\rho ^0`$ is determined to be $`(2.9\pm 1.0\pm 0.4)\times 10^4`$ Belle-conf .

We have investigated the possibility to extract the existence of $`n\overline{n}`$ component of $`f_0(980)`$ in terms of $`\overline{B}D^{()0}f_0(980)`$ and $`\overline{B}J/\mathrm{\Psi }f_0(980)`$ decays. Based on the comparable values between the BRs of $`\overline{B}D^0\pi ^0`$ and $`\overline{B}J/\mathrm{\Psi }M`$ decays and current experimental data, our predictions on the BRs of $`\overline{B}D^{()0}(J/\mathrm{\Psi })f_0(980)`$ decays are reliable and can be tested at $`B`$ factories.

Acknowledgments:

The author would like to thank H.N. Li and H.Y. Cheng for their useful discussions. This work was supported in part by the National Science Council of the Republic of China under Grant No. NSC-91-2112-M-001-053.