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# Special Lagrangian submanifolds with isolated conical singularities. III. Desingularization, the unobstructed case

## 1 Introduction

Special Lagrangian $`m`$-folds (SL $`m`$-folds) are a distinguished class of real $`m`$-dimensional minimal submanifolds which may be defined in $`^m`$, or in Calabi–Yau $`m`$-folds, or more generally in almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-folds (compact Kähler $`m`$-folds with trivial canonical bundle). We write an almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold as $`M`$ or $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$, where the manifold $`M`$ has complex structure $`J`$, Kähler form $`\omega `$ and holomorphic volume form $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$.

This is the third in a series of five papers  studying SL $`m`$-folds with isolated conical singularities. That is, we consider an SL $`m`$-fold $`X`$ in an almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold $`M`$ for $`m>2`$ with singularities at $`x_1,\mathrm{},x_n`$ in $`M`$, such that for some special Lagrangian cones $`C_i`$ in $`T_{x_i}M^m`$ with $`C_i\{0\}`$ nonsingular, $`X`$ approaches $`C_i`$ near $`x_i`$ in an asymptotic $`C^1`$ sense. Readers are advised to begin with the final paper , which surveys the series, and applies the results to prove some conjectures.

The first paper  laid the foundations for the series, and studied the regularity of SL $`m`$-folds with conical singularities near their singular points. The second paper  discussed the deformation theory of compact SL $`m`$-folds $`X`$ with conical singularities in an almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold $`M`$.

This paper and the sequel  study desingularizations of compact SL $`m`$-folds $`X`$ with conical singularities. That is, we construct a family of compact, nonsingular SL $`m`$-folds $`\stackrel{~}{N}^t`$ in $`M`$ for $`t(0,ϵ]`$ such that $`\stackrel{~}{N}^tX`$ as $`t0`$, in the sense of currents.

Having a good understanding of the singularities of special Lagrangian submanifolds will be essential in clarifying the Strominger–Yau–Zaslow conjecture on the Mirror Symmetry of Calabi–Yau 3-folds , and also in resolving conjectures made by the author  on defining new invariants of Calabi–Yau 3-folds by counting special Lagrangian homology 3-spheres with weights. The series aims to develop such an understanding for simple singularities of SL $`m`$-folds.

Here is the basic idea of the paper. Let $`X`$ be a compact SL $`m`$-fold with conical singularities $`x_1,\mathrm{},x_n`$ in an almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$. Choose an isomorphism $`\upsilon _i:^mT_{x_i}M`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$. Then there is a unique SL cone $`C_i`$ in $`^m`$ with $`X`$ asymptotic to $`\upsilon _i(C_i)`$ at $`x_i`$.

Let $`L_i`$ be an Asymptotically Conical SL $`m`$-fold (AC SL $`m`$-fold) in $`^m`$, asymptotic to $`C_i`$ at infinity. As $`C_i`$ is a cone it is invariant under dilations, so $`tC_i=C_i`$ for all $`t>0`$. Thus $`tL_i=\{t𝐱:𝐱L_i\}`$ is also an AC SL $`m`$-fold asymptotic to $`C_i`$ for $`t>0`$. We explicitly construct a 1-parameter family of compact, nonsingular Lagrangian $`m`$-folds $`N^t`$ in $`(M,\omega )`$ for $`t(0,\delta )`$ by gluing $`tL_i`$ into $`X`$ at $`x_i`$, using a partition of unity.

When $`t`$ is small, $`N^t`$ is close to being special Lagrangian (its phase is nearly constant), but also close to being singular (it has large curvature and small injectivity radius). We prove using analysis that for small $`ϵ(0,\delta )`$ we can deform $`N^t`$ to a special Lagrangian $`m`$-fold $`\stackrel{~}{N}^t`$ in $`M`$ for all $`t(0,ϵ]`$, using a small Hamiltonian deformation. The proof involves a delicate balancing act, showing that the advantage of being close to special Lagrangian outweighs the disadvantage of being nearly singular.

Here are some of the issues involved in doing this in full generality:

* To ensure $`N^t`$ and $`\stackrel{~}{N}^t`$ are connected, we suppose $`X`$ is connected. But $`X^{}=X\{x_1,\mathrm{},x_n\}`$, the nonsingular part of $`X`$, may not be connected. If it is not then the Laplacian $`\mathrm{\Delta }`$ on $`N^t`$ has small positive eigenvalues, of size $`O(t^{m2})`$. These cause analytic problems in constructing $`\stackrel{~}{N}^t`$.
* Let $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i=C_i𝒮^{2m1}`$. Then $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i`$ is a compact $`(m1)`$-manifold, and $`L_i`$ effectively has boundary $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i`$ at infinity. There are natural cohomological invariants $`Y(L_i)H^1(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i,)`$ and $`Z(L_i)H^{m1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i,)`$. It turns out that there are topological obstructions to the existence of $`N^t`$ or $`\stackrel{~}{N}^t`$, involving the $`Y(L_i)`$ and $`Z(L_i)`$.
* Let $`\{(M,J^s,\omega ^s,\mathrm{\Omega }^s):s\}`$ be a smooth family of almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-folds for $`0^d`$ with $`(M,J^0,\omega ^0,\mathrm{\Omega }^0)=(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$. Then we can consider special Lagrangian desingularizations $`\stackrel{~}{N}^{s,t}`$ of $`X`$ not just in $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$ but in $`(M,J^s,\omega ^s,\mathrm{\Omega }^s)`$ for small $`s`$. To do this introduces new analytic problems, and new topological obstructions involving the cohomology classes $`[\omega ^s]`$ and $`[Im\mathrm{\Omega }^s]`$.

Rather than tackling these questions all at once, we prove our first main result in §6 assuming that $`X^{}`$ is connected, that $`Y(L_i)=0`$ and $`L_i`$ converges quickly to $`C_i`$ at infinity in $`^m`$, and working in a single almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$ rather than a family. This simplifies (i)–(iii) above.

Section 7 extends this to the case when $`X^{}`$ is not connected, as in (i), but still supposing $`Y(L_i)=0`$ and $`L_i`$ converges quickly to $`C_i`$. The sequel  deals with issues (ii) and (iii), allowing $`Y(L_i)0`$ and $`L_i`$ to converge more slowly to $`C_i`$, and working in a family of almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-folds $`(M,J^s,\omega ^s,\mathrm{\Omega }^s)`$.

We begin in §2 with an introduction to special Lagrangian geometry. Sections 3 and 4 discuss SL $`m`$-folds with conical singularities and Asymptotically Conical SL $`m`$-folds respectively, recalling results we will need from .

Given a compact Lagrangian $`m`$-fold $`N`$ in an almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$ which is close to being special Lagrangian, §5 uses analysis to construct an SL $`m`$-fold $`\stackrel{~}{N}`$ as a small Hamiltonian deformation of $`N`$. This existence result, Theorem 5.3 below, can probably be used elsewhere. In each of §6 and §7 we construct a family of Lagrangian $`m`$-folds $`N^t`$ in $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$, and apply Theorem 5.3 to show that $`N^t`$ can be deformed to an SL $`m`$-fold $`\stackrel{~}{N}^t`$ for small $`t`$.

For simplicity we generally take all submanifolds to be embedded. However, all our results generalize immediately to immersed submanifolds, with only cosmetic changes.

We conclude by discussing similar work by other authors. Salur  considers a nonsingular, connected, immersed SL 3-fold $`N`$ in a Calabi–Yau 3-fold with a codimension two self-intersection along an $`𝒮^1`$, and constructs new SL 3-folds by smoothing along the $`𝒮^1`$.

Butscher  studies SL $`m`$-folds $`N`$ in $`^m`$ with boundary in a symplectic submanifold $`W^{2m2}^m`$. Given two such SL $`m`$-folds $`N_1,N_2`$ intersecting transversely at $`x`$ and satisfying an angle criterion, he constructs a 1-parameter family of connect sum SL $`m`$-folds $`N_1\mathrm{\#}_xN_2`$ in $`^m`$, with boundary, by gluing in an explicit AC SL $`m`$-fold $`L`$ in $`^m`$ due to Lawlor , diffeomorphic to $`𝒮^{m1}\times `$ and asymptotic to the union of two SL planes $`^m`$ in $`^m`$.

Closest to the present paper is Lee . She considers a compact, connected, immersed SL $`m`$-fold $`N`$ in a Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold $`M`$ with transverse self-intersection points $`x_1,\mathrm{},x_n`$ satisfying an angle criterion. She shows that $`N`$ can be desingularized by gluing in one of Lawlor’s AC SL $`m`$-folds $`L_i`$ at $`x_i`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, to get a family of compact, embedded SL $`m`$-folds in $`M`$. Her result follows from Theorem 6.13 below.

Acknowledgements. I would like to thank Stephen Marshall, Sema Salur and Adrian Butscher for useful conversations. I was supported by an EPSRC Advanced Research Fellowship whilst writing this paper.

## 2 Special Lagrangian geometry

We introduce special Lagrangian submanifolds (SL $`m`$-folds) in two different geometric contexts. First we define SL $`m`$-folds in $`^m`$. Then we discuss SL $`m`$-folds in almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-folds, compact Kähler manifolds equipped with a holomorphic volume form, which generalize Calabi–Yau manifolds. Some references for this section are Harvey and Lawson  and the author . We begin by defining calibrations and calibrated submanifolds, following .

Definition 2.1  Let $`(M,g)`$ be a Riemannian manifold. An oriented tangent $`k`$-plane $`V`$ on $`M`$ is a vector subspace $`V`$ of some tangent space $`T_xM`$ to $`M`$ with $`dimV=k`$, equipped with an orientation. If $`V`$ is an oriented tangent $`k`$-plane on $`M`$ then $`g|_V`$ is a Euclidean metric on $`V`$, so combining $`g|_V`$ with the orientation on $`V`$ gives a natural volume form $`vol_V`$ on $`V`$, which is a $`k`$-form on $`V`$.

Now let $`\phi `$ be a closed $`k`$-form on $`M`$. We say that $`\phi `$ is a calibration on $`M`$ if for every oriented $`k`$-plane $`V`$ on $`M`$ we have $`\phi |_Vvol_V`$. Here $`\phi |_V=\alpha vol_V`$ for some $`\alpha `$, and $`\phi |_Vvol_V`$ if $`\alpha 1`$. Let $`N`$ be an oriented submanifold of $`M`$ with dimension $`k`$. Then each tangent space $`T_xN`$ for $`xN`$ is an oriented tangent $`k`$-plane. We say that $`N`$ is a calibrated submanifold if $`\phi |_{T_xN}=vol_{T_xN}`$ for all $`xN`$.

It is easy to show that calibrated submanifolds are automatically minimal submanifolds \[4, Th. II.4.2\]. Here is the definition of special Lagrangian submanifolds in $`^m`$, taken from \[4, §III\].

Definition 2.2  Let $`^m`$ have complex coordinates $`(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$, and define a metric $`g^{}`$, a real 2-form $`\omega ^{}`$ and a complex $`m`$-form $`\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$ on $`^m`$ by

$$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill g^{}=|\mathrm{d}z_1|^2+\mathrm{}+|\mathrm{d}z_m|^2,\omega ^{}& =\frac{i}{2}(\mathrm{d}z_1\mathrm{d}\overline{z}_1+\mathrm{}+\mathrm{d}z_m\mathrm{d}\overline{z}_m),\hfill \\ \hfill \text{and}\mathrm{\Omega }^{}& =\mathrm{d}z_1\mathrm{}\mathrm{d}z_m.\hfill \end{array}$$
(1)
Then $`Re\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$ and $`Im\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$ are real $`m`$-forms on $`^m`$. Let $`L`$ be an oriented real submanifold of $`^m`$ of real dimension $`m`$. We say that $`L`$ is a special Lagrangian submanifold of $`^m`$, or SL $`m`$-fold for short, if $`L`$ is calibrated with respect to $`Re\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$, in the sense of Definition 2.

Harvey and Lawson \[4, Cor. III.1.11\] give the following alternative characterization of special Lagrangian submanifolds:

###### Proposition 2.3

Let $`L`$ be a real $`m`$-dimensional submanifold of $`^m`$. Then $`L`$ admits an orientation making it into an SL submanifold of $`^m`$ if and only if $`\omega ^{}|_L0`$ and $`Im\mathrm{\Omega }^{}|_L0`$.

An $`m`$-dimensional submanifold $`L`$ in $`^m`$ is called Lagrangian if $`\omega ^{}|_L0`$. Thus special Lagrangian submanifolds are Lagrangian submanifolds satisfying the extra condition that $`Im\mathrm{\Omega }^{}|_L0`$, which is how they get their name. We shall define special Lagrangian submanifolds not just in Calabi–Yau manifolds, but in the much larger class of almost Calabi–Yau manifolds.

Definition 2.4  Let $`m2`$. An almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold is a quadruple $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$ such that $`(M,J)`$ is a compact $`m`$-dimensional complex manifold, $`\omega `$ is the Kähler form of a Kähler metric $`g`$ on $`M`$, and $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is a non-vanishing holomorphic $`(m,0)`$-form on $`M`$.

We call $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$ a Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold if in addition $`\omega `$ and $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ satisfy

$$\omega ^m/m!=(1)^{m(m1)/2}(i/2)^m\mathrm{\Omega }\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}.$$
(2)
Then for each $`xM`$ there exists an isomorphism $`T_xM^m`$ that identifies $`g_x,\omega _x`$ and $`\mathrm{\Omega }_x`$ with the flat versions $`g^{},\omega ^{},\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$ on $`^m`$ in (1). Furthermore, $`g`$ is Ricci-flat and its holonomy group is a subgroup of $`SU(m)`$.

This is not the usual definition of a Calabi–Yau manifold, but is essentially equivalent to it.

Definition 2.5  Let $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$ be an almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold, and $`N`$ a real $`m`$-dimensional submanifold of $`M`$. We call $`N`$ a special Lagrangian submanifold, or SL $`m`$-fold for short, if $`\omega |_NIm\mathrm{\Omega }|_N0`$. It easily follows that $`Re\mathrm{\Omega }|_N`$ is a nonvanishing $`m`$-form on $`N`$. Thus $`N`$ is orientable, with a unique orientation in which $`Re\mathrm{\Omega }|_N`$ is positive.

Again, this is not the usual definition of SL $`m`$-fold, but is essentially equivalent to it. Suppose $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$ is an almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold, with metric $`g`$. Let $`\psi :M(0,\mathrm{})`$ be the unique smooth function such that

$$\psi ^{2m}\omega ^m/m!=(1)^{m(m1)/2}(i/2)^m\mathrm{\Omega }\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }},$$
(3)
and define $`\stackrel{~}{g}`$ to be the conformally equivalent metric $`\psi ^2g`$ on $`M`$. Then $`Re\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is a calibration on the Riemannian manifold $`(M,\stackrel{~}{g})`$, and SL $`m`$-folds $`N`$ in $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$ are calibrated with respect to it, so that they are minimal with respect to $`\stackrel{~}{g}`$.

If $`M`$ is a Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold then $`\psi 1`$ by (2), so $`\stackrel{~}{g}=g`$, and an $`m`$-submanifold $`N`$ in $`M`$ is special Lagrangian if and only if it is calibrated w.r.t. $`Re\mathrm{\Omega }`$ on $`(M,g)`$, as in Definition 1. This recovers the usual definition of special Lagrangian $`m`$-folds in Calabi–Yau $`m`$-folds.

## 3 SL $`m`$-folds with conical singularities

The preceding papers  studied SL $`m`$-folds $`X`$ with conical singularities in an almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$. We now recall the definitions and results from  that we will need later. For brevity we keep explanations to a minimum, and readers are referred to  for further details.

### 3.1 Preliminaries on special Lagrangian cones

Following \[10, §2.1\] we give definitions and results on special Lagrangian cones.

Definition 3.1  A (singular) SL $`m`$-fold $`C`$ in $`^m`$ is called a cone if $`C=tC`$ for all $`t>0`$, where $`tC=\{t𝐱:𝐱C\}`$. Let $`C`$ be a closed SL cone in $`^m`$ with an isolated singularity at 0. Then $`\mathrm{\Sigma }=C𝒮^{2m1}`$ is a compact, nonsingular $`(m1)`$-submanifold of $`𝒮^{2m1}`$, not necessarily connected. Let $`g_\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ be the restriction of $`g^{}`$ to $`\mathrm{\Sigma }`$, where $`g^{}`$ is as in (1).

Set $`C^{}=C\{0\}`$. Define $`\iota :\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})^m`$ by $`\iota (\sigma ,r)=r\sigma `$. Then $`\iota `$ has image $`C^{}`$. By an abuse of notation, identify $`C^{}`$ with $`\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})`$ using $`\iota `$. The cone metric on $`C^{}\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})`$ is $`g^{}=\iota ^{}(g^{})=\mathrm{d}r^2+r^2g_\mathrm{\Sigma }`$.

For $`\alpha `$, we say that a function $`u:C^{}`$ is homogeneous of order $`\alpha `$ if $`utt^\alpha u`$ for all $`t>0`$. Equivalently, $`u`$ is homogeneous of order $`\alpha `$ if $`u(\sigma ,r)r^\alpha v(\sigma )`$ for some function $`v:\mathrm{\Sigma }`$.

In \[10, Lem. 2.3\] we study homogeneous harmonic functions on $`C^{}`$.

###### Lemma 3.2

In the situation of Definition 3.1, let $`u(\sigma ,r)r^\alpha v(\sigma )`$ be a homogeneous function of order $`\alpha `$ on $`C^{}=\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})`$, for $`vC^2(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$. Then

$$\mathrm{\Delta }u(\sigma ,r)=r^{\alpha 2}\left(\mathrm{\Delta }_\mathrm{\Sigma }v\alpha (\alpha +m2)v\right),$$

where $`\mathrm{\Delta }`$, $`\mathrm{\Delta }_\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ are the Laplacians on $`(C^{},g^{})`$ and $`(\mathrm{\Sigma },g_\mathrm{\Sigma })`$. Hence, $`u`$ is harmonic on $`C^{}`$ if and only if $`v`$ is an eigenfunction of $`\mathrm{\Delta }_\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ with eigenvalue $`\alpha (\alpha +m2)`$.

Following \[10, Def. 2.5\], we define:

Definition 3.3  In the situation of Definition 3.1, suppose $`m>2`$ and define

$$𝒟_\mathrm{\Sigma }=\{\alpha :\alpha (\alpha +m2)\text{ is an eigenvalue of }\mathrm{\Delta }_\mathrm{\Sigma }\}.$$
(4)
Then $`𝒟_\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ is a countable, discrete subset of $``$. By Lemma 3.2, an equivalent definition is that $`𝒟_\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ is the set of $`\alpha `$ for which there exists a nonzero homogeneous harmonic function $`u`$ of order $`\alpha `$ on $`C^{}`$.

Define $`m_\mathrm{\Sigma }:𝒟_\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ by taking $`m_\mathrm{\Sigma }(\alpha )`$ to be the multiplicity of the eigenvalue $`\alpha (\alpha +m2)`$ of $`\mathrm{\Delta }_\mathrm{\Sigma }`$, or equivalently the dimension of the vector space of homogeneous harmonic functions $`u`$ of order $`\alpha `$ on $`C^{}`$. Define $`N_\mathrm{\Sigma }:`$ by

$$N_\mathrm{\Sigma }(\delta )=\underset{\alpha 𝒟_\mathrm{\Sigma }(\delta ,0)}{}m_\mathrm{\Sigma }(\alpha )\text{if }\delta <0\text{, and}N_\mathrm{\Sigma }(\delta )=\underset{\alpha 𝒟_\mathrm{\Sigma }[0,\delta ]}{}m_\mathrm{\Sigma }(\alpha )\text{if }\delta 0\text{.}$$

Then $`N_\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ is monotone increasing and upper semicontinuous, and is discontinuous exactly on $`𝒟_\mathrm{\Sigma }`$, increasing by $`m_\mathrm{\Sigma }(\alpha )`$ at each $`\alpha 𝒟_\mathrm{\Sigma }`$. As the eigenvalues of $`\mathrm{\Delta }_\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ are nonnegative, we see that $`𝒟_\mathrm{\Sigma }(2m,0)=\mathrm{}`$ and $`N_\mathrm{\Sigma }0`$ on $`(2m,0)`$.

### 3.2 The definition of SL $`m`$-folds with conical singularities

Now we can define conical singularities of SL $`m`$-folds, following \[10, Def. 3.6\].

Definition 3.4  Let $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$ be an almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold for $`m>2`$, and define $`\psi :M(0,\mathrm{})`$ as in (3). Suppose $`X`$ is a compact singular SL $`m`$-fold in $`M`$ with singularities at distinct points $`x_1,\mathrm{},x_nX`$, and no other singularities.

Fix isomorphisms $`\upsilon _i:^mT_{x_i}M`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ such that $`\upsilon _i^{}(\omega )=\omega ^{}`$ and $`\upsilon _i^{}(\mathrm{\Omega })=\psi (x_i)^m\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$, where $`\omega ^{},\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$ are as in (1). Let $`C_1,\mathrm{},C_n`$ be SL cones in $`^m`$ with isolated singularities at 0. For $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ let $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i=C_i𝒮^{2m1}`$, and let $`\mu _i(2,3)`$ with $`(2,\mu _i]𝒟_{\mathrm{\Sigma }_i}=\mathrm{}`$, where $`𝒟_{\mathrm{\Sigma }_i}`$ is defined in (4). Then we say that $`X`$ has a conical singularity at $`x_i`$, with rate $`\mu _i`$ and cone $`C_i`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, if the following holds.

By Darboux’ Theorem \[15, Th. 3.15\] there exist embeddings $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i:B_RM`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ satisfying $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i(0)=x_i`$, $`\mathrm{d}\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i|_0=\upsilon _i`$ and $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(\omega )=\omega ^{}`$, where $`B_R`$ is the open ball of radius $`R`$ about 0 in $`^m`$ for some small $`R>0`$. Define $`\iota _i:\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (0,R)B_R`$ by $`\iota _i(\sigma ,r)=r\sigma `$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$.

Define $`X^{}=X\{x_1,\mathrm{},x_n\}`$. Then there should exist a compact subset $`KX^{}`$ such that $`X^{}K`$ is a union of open sets $`S_1,\mathrm{},S_n`$ with $`S_i\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i(B_R)`$, whose closures $`\overline{S}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{S}_n`$ are disjoint in $`X`$. For $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ and some $`R^{}(0,R]`$ there should exist a smooth $`\varphi _i:\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (0,R^{})B_R`$ such that $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\varphi _i:\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (0,R^{})M`$ is a diffeomorphism $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (0,R^{})S_i`$, and

$$\left|^k(\varphi _i\iota _i)\right|=O(r^{\mu _i1k})\text{as }r0\text{ for }k=0,1\text{.}$$
(5)
Here $`,|.|`$ are computed using the cone metric $`\iota _i^{}(g^{})`$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (0,R^{})`$.

The reasoning behind this definition was discussed in \[10, §3.3\]. We suppose $`m>2`$ for two reasons. Firstly, the only SL cones in $`^2`$ are finite unions of SL planes $`^2`$ in $`^2`$ intersecting only at 0. Thus any SL 2-fold with conical singularities is actually nonsingular as an immersed 2-fold. Secondly, $`m=2`$ is a special case in the analysis of \[10, §2\], and it is simpler to exclude it. Therefore we will suppose $`m>2`$ throughout the paper.

### 3.3 Lagrangian Neighbourhood Theorems and regularity

We recall some symplectic geometry, which can be found in McDuff and Salamon . Let $`N`$ be a real $`m`$-manifold. Then its tangent bundle $`T^{}N`$ has a canonical symplectic form $`\widehat{\omega }`$, defined as follows. Let $`(x_1,\mathrm{},x_m)`$ be local coordinates on $`N`$. Extend them to local coordinates $`(x_1,\mathrm{},x_m,y_1,\mathrm{},y_m)`$ on $`T^{}N`$ such that $`(x_1,\mathrm{},y_m)`$ represents the 1-form $`y_1\mathrm{d}x_1+\mathrm{}+y_m\mathrm{d}x_m`$ in $`T_{(x_1,\mathrm{},x_m)}^{}N`$. Then $`\widehat{\omega }=\mathrm{d}x_1\mathrm{d}y_1+\mathrm{}+\mathrm{d}x_m\mathrm{d}y_m`$.

Identify $`N`$ with the zero section in $`T^{}N`$. Then $`N`$ is a Lagrangian submanifold of $`T^{}N`$. The Lagrangian Neighbourhood Theorem \[15, Th. 3.33\] shows that any compact Lagrangian submanifold $`N`$ in a symplectic manifold looks locally like the zero section in $`T^{}N`$.

###### Theorem 3.5

Let $`(M,\omega )`$ be a symplectic manifold and $`NM`$ a compact Lagrangian submanifold. Then there exists an open tubular neighbourhood $`U`$ of the zero section $`N`$ in $`T^{}N`$, and an embedding $`\mathrm{\Phi }:UM`$ with $`\mathrm{\Phi }|_N=id:NN`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }^{}(\omega )=\widehat{\omega }`$, where $`\widehat{\omega }`$ is the canonical symplectic structure on $`T^{}N`$.

In \[10, §4\] we extend Theorem 3.5 to situations involving conical singularities, first to SL cones\[10, Th. 4.3\].

###### Theorem 3.6

Let $`C`$ be an SL cone in $`^m`$ with isolated singularity at $`0`$, and set $`\mathrm{\Sigma }=C𝒮^{2m1}`$. Define $`\iota :\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})^m`$ by $`\iota (\sigma ,r)=r\sigma `$, with image $`C\{0\}`$. For $`\sigma \mathrm{\Sigma }`$, $`\tau T_\sigma ^{}\mathrm{\Sigma }`$, $`r(0,\mathrm{})`$ and $`u`$, let $`(\sigma ,r,\tau ,u)`$ represent the point $`\tau +u\mathrm{d}r`$ in $`T_{(\sigma ,r)}^{}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})\right)`$. Identify $`\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})`$ with the zero section $`\tau =u=0`$ in $`T^{}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})\right)`$. Define an action of $`(0,\mathrm{})`$ on $`T^{}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})\right)`$ by

$$t:(\sigma ,r,\tau ,u)(\sigma ,tr,t^2\tau ,tu)\text{for }t(0,\mathrm{}),$$
(6)
so that $`t^{}(\widehat{\omega })=t^2\widehat{\omega }`$, for $`\widehat{\omega }`$ the canonical symplectic structure on $`T^{}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})\right)`$.

Then there exists an open neighbourhood $`U_C`$ of $`\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})`$ in $`T^{}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})\right)`$ invariant under (6) given by

$$U_C=\{(\sigma ,r,\tau ,u)T^{}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})\right):\left|(\tau ,u)\right|<2\zeta r\}\text{for some }\zeta >0,$$

where $`|.|`$ is calculated using the cone metric $`\iota ^{}(g^{})`$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})`$, and an embedding $`\mathrm{\Phi }_C:U_C^m`$ with $`\mathrm{\Phi }_C|_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})}=\iota `$, $`\mathrm{\Phi }_C^{}(\omega ^{})=\widehat{\omega }`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_Ct=t\mathrm{\Phi }_C`$ for all $`t>0`$, where $`t`$ acts on $`U_C`$ as in (6) and on $`^m`$ by multiplication.

In \[10, Th. 4.4\] we construct a particular choice of $`\varphi _i`$ in Definition 5.

###### Theorem 3.7

Let $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$, $`\psi ,X,n,x_i,\upsilon _i,C_i,\mathrm{\Sigma }_i,\mu _i,R,\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i`$ and $`\iota _i`$ be as in Definition 5. Theorem 3.6 gives $`\zeta >0`$, neighbourhoods $`U_{C_i}`$ of $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (0,\mathrm{})`$ in $`T^{}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (0,\mathrm{})\right)`$ and embeddings $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}:U_{C_i}^m`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$.

Then for sufficiently small $`R^{}(0,R]`$ there exist unique closed $`1`$-forms $`\eta _i`$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (0,R^{})`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ written $`\eta _i(\sigma ,r)=\eta _i^1(\sigma ,r)+\eta _i^2(\sigma ,r)\mathrm{d}r`$ for $`\eta _i^1(\sigma ,r)T_\sigma ^{}\mathrm{\Sigma }_i`$ and $`\eta _i^2(\sigma ,r)`$, and satisfying $`|\eta _i(\sigma ,r)|<\zeta r`$ and $`|^k\eta _i|=O(r^{\mu _i1k})`$ as $`r0`$ for $`k=0,1,`$ computing $`,|.|`$ using the cone metric $`\iota _i^{}(g^{})`$, such that the following holds.

Define $`\varphi _i:\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (0,R^{})B_R`$ by $`\varphi _i(\sigma ,r)=\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}(\sigma ,r,\eta _i^1(\sigma ,r),\eta _i^2(\sigma ,r))`$. Then $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\varphi _i:\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (0,R^{})M`$ is a diffeomorphism $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (0,R^{})S_i`$ for open sets $`S_1,\mathrm{},S_n`$ in $`X^{}`$ with $`\overline{S}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{S}_n`$ disjoint, and $`K=X^{}(S_1\mathrm{}S_n)`$ is compact. Also $`\varphi _i`$ satisfies (5), so that $`R^{},\varphi _i,S_i,K`$ satisfy Definition 5.

In \[10, §5\] we study the asymptotic behaviour of the maps $`\varphi _i`$ of Theorem 3.7, using the elliptic regularity of the special Lagrangian condition. Combining \[10, Th. 5.1\], \[10, Lem. 4.5\] and \[10, Th. 5.5\] proves:

###### Theorem 3.8

In the situation of Theorem 3.7 we have $`\eta _i=\mathrm{d}A_i`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, where $`A_i:\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (0,R^{})`$ is given by $`A_i(\sigma ,r)=_0^r\eta _i^2(\sigma ,s)ds`$. Suppose $`\mu _i^{}(2,3)`$ with $`(2,\mu _i^{}]𝒟_{\mathrm{\Sigma }_i}=\mathrm{}`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$. Then

$$\begin{array}{c}\left|^k(\varphi _i\iota _i)\right|=O(r^{\mu _i^{}1k}),\left|^k\eta _i\right|=O(r^{\mu _i^{}1k})\text{and}\\ \left|^kA_i\right|=O(r^{\mu _i^{}k})\text{as }r0\text{ for all }k0\text{ and }i=1,\mathrm{},n\text{.}\end{array}$$
(7)
Hence $`X`$ has conical singularities at $`x_i`$ with cone $`C_i`$ and rate $`\mu _i^{}`$, for all possible rates $`\mu _i^{}`$ allowed by Definition 5. Therefore, the definition of conical singularities is essentially independent of the choice of rate $`\mu _i`$.

Finally we extend Theorem 3.5 to SL $`m`$-folds with conical singularities \[10, Th. 4.6\], in a way compatible with Theorems 3.6 and 3.7.

###### Theorem 3.9

Suppose $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$ is an almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold and $`X`$ a compact SL $`m`$-fold in $`M`$ with conical singularities at $`x_1,\mathrm{},x_n`$. Let the notation $`\psi ,\upsilon _i,C_i,\mathrm{\Sigma }_i,\mu _i,R,\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i`$ and $`\iota _i`$ be as in Definition 5, and let $`\zeta ,U_{C_i},\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i},R^{},\eta _i,\eta _i^1,\eta _i^2,\varphi _i,S_i`$ and $`K`$ be as in Theorem 3.7.

Then making $`R^{}`$ smaller if necessary, there exists an open tubular neighbourhood $`U_X^{}T^{}X^{}`$ of the zero section $`X^{}`$ in $`T^{}X^{}`$, such that under $`\mathrm{d}(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\varphi _i):T^{}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (0,R^{})\right)T^{}X^{}`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ we have

$$\left(\mathrm{d}(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\varphi _i)\right)^{}(U_X^{})=\{(\sigma ,r,\tau ,u)T^{}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (0,R^{})\right):\left|(\tau ,u)\right|<\zeta r\},$$
(8)
and there exists an embedding $`\mathrm{\Phi }_X^{}:U_X^{}M`$ with $`\mathrm{\Phi }_X^{}|_X^{}=id:X^{}X^{}`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_X^{}^{}(\omega )=\widehat{\omega }`$, where $`\widehat{\omega }`$ is the canonical symplectic structure on $`T^{}X^{}`$, such that

$$\mathrm{\Phi }_X^{}\mathrm{d}(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\varphi _i)(\sigma ,r,\tau ,u)\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}(\sigma ,r,\tau +\eta _i^1(\sigma ,r),u+\eta _i^2(\sigma ,r))$$
(9)
for all $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ and $`(\sigma ,r,\tau ,u)T^{}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (0,R^{})\right)`$ with $`\left|(\tau ,u)\right|<\zeta r`$. Here $`|(\tau ,u)|`$ is computed using the cone metric $`\iota _i^{}(g^{})`$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (0,R^{})`$.

## 4 Asymptotically Conical SL $`m`$-folds

Let $`C`$ be an SL cone in $`^m`$ with an isolated singularity at 0. Section 3 considered SL $`m`$-folds with conical singularities, which are asymptotic to $`C`$ at 0. We now discuss Asymptotically Conical SL $`m`$-folds $`L`$ in $`^m`$, which are asymptotic to $`C`$ at infinity. Here is the definition.

Definition 4.1  Let $`C`$ be an SL cone in $`^m`$ with isolated singularity at 0 for $`m>2`$, as in Definition 3.1, and let $`\mathrm{\Sigma }=C𝒮^{2m1}`$, so that $`\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ is a compact, nonsingular $`(m1)`$-manifold, not necessarily connected. Let $`g_\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ be the metric on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ induced by the metric $`g^{}`$ on $`^m`$ in (1), and $`r`$ the radius function on $`^m`$. Define $`\iota :\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})^m`$ by $`\iota (\sigma ,r)=r\sigma `$. Then the image of $`\iota `$ is $`C\{0\}`$, and $`\iota ^{}(g^{})=r^2g_\mathrm{\Sigma }+\mathrm{d}r^2`$ is the cone metric on $`C\{0\}`$.

Let $`L`$ be a closed, nonsingular SL $`m`$-fold in $`^m`$ and $`\lambda <2`$. We call $`L`$ Asymptotically Conical (AC) with rate $`\lambda `$ and cone $`C`$ if there exists a compact subset $`KL`$ and a diffeomorphism $`\phi :\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (T,\mathrm{})LK`$ for some $`T>0`$, such that

$$\left|^k(\phi \iota )\right|=O(r^{\lambda 1k})\text{as }r\mathrm{}\text{ for }k=0,1\text{.}$$
(10)
Here $`,|.|`$ are computed using the cone metric $`\iota ^{}(g^{})`$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (T,\mathrm{})`$.

This is very similar to Definition 5, and in fact there are strong parallels between the theories of SL $`m`$-folds with conical singularities and of AC SL $`m`$-folds. We recall some results from \[10, §7\], including versions of the material in §3.3. We continue to assume $`m>2`$ throughout.

### 4.1 Cohomological invariants of AC SL $`m`$-folds

When $`Y`$ is a manifold, write $`H^k(Y,)`$ for the $`k^{\mathrm{th}}`$ de Rham cohomology group of $`Y`$, and $`H_k(Y,)`$ for the $`k^{\mathrm{th}}`$ real singular homology group of $`Y`$, defined using smooth simplices. Then the pairing between homology and cohomology is defined at the chain level by integrating $`k`$-forms over $`k`$-simplices. We can also define relative homology and cohomology groups in the usual way. The Betti numbers of $`Y`$ are $`b^k(Y)=dimH^k(Y,)`$.

Let $`L`$ be an AC SL $`m`$-fold in $`^m`$ with cone $`C`$, and set $`\mathrm{\Sigma }=C𝒮^{2m1}`$. As $`\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ is in effect the boundary of $`L`$, there is a natural map $`H^k(L,)H^k(\mathrm{\Sigma },)`$. Following \[10, Def. 7.2\] we define cohomological invariants $`Y(L),Z(L)`$ of $`L`$.

Definition 4.2  Let $`L`$ be an AC SL $`m`$-fold in $`^m`$ with cone $`C`$, and let $`\mathrm{\Sigma }=C𝒮^{2m1}`$. As $`\omega ^{},Im\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$ in (1) are closed forms with $`\omega ^{}|_LIm\mathrm{\Omega }^{}|_L=0`$, they define classes in the relative de Rham cohomology groups $`H^k(^m;L,)`$ for $`k=2,m`$. For $`k>1`$ we have the exact sequence

$$0=H^{k1}(^m,)H^{k1}(L,)\stackrel{}{}H^k(^m;L,)H^k(^m,)=0.$$

Define $`Y(L)H^1(\mathrm{\Sigma },)`$ to be the image of $`[\omega ^{}]`$ in $`H^2(^m;L,)H^1(L,)`$ under $`H^1(L,)H^1(\mathrm{\Sigma },R)`$, and $`Z(L)H^{m1}(\mathrm{\Sigma },)`$ to be the image of $`[Im\mathrm{\Omega }^{}]`$ in $`H^m(^m;L,)H^{m1}(L,)`$ under $`H^{m1}(L,)H^{m1}(\mathrm{\Sigma },R)`$.

Here are some conditions for $`Y(L)`$ or $`Z(L)`$ to be zero, \[10, Prop. 7.3\].

###### Proposition 4.3

Let $`L`$ be an AC SL $`m`$-fold in $`^m`$ with cone $`C`$ and rate $`\lambda `$, and let $`\mathrm{\Sigma }=C𝒮^{2m1}`$. If $`\lambda <0`$ or $`b^1(L)=0`$ then $`Y(L)=0`$. If $`\lambda <2m`$ or $`b^0(\mathrm{\Sigma })=1`$ then $`Z(L)=0`$.

In this paper we will consider only AC SL $`m`$-folds $`L_i`$ with rates $`\lambda _i<0`$. These all have $`Y(L_i)=0`$ by the proposition. Because of this we shall avoid some tricky issues of global symplectic topology in defining Lagrangian $`m`$-folds $`N^t`$ by gluing $`tL_i`$ in at a singular point $`x_i`$ of an SL $`m`$-fold $`X`$ with conical singularities, so §6 and §7 are simplified. The case $`Y(L_i)0`$ will be considered in the sequel . Here is a (trivial) lemma on dilations of AC SL $`m`$-folds.

###### Lemma 4.4

Let $`L`$ be an AC SL $`m`$-fold in $`^m`$ with rate $`\lambda `$ and cone $`C`$, and let $`t>0`$. Then $`tL=\{t𝐱:𝐱L\}`$ is also an AC SL $`m`$-fold in $`^m`$ with rate $`\lambda `$ and cone $`C`$, satisfying $`Y(tL)=t^2Y(L)`$ and $`Z(tL)=t^mZ(L)`$.

### 4.2 Lagrangian Neighbourhood Theorems and regularity

Next we generalize §3.3 to AC SL $`m`$-folds. Here is the analogue of Theorem 3.7, proved in \[10, Th. 7.4\].

###### Theorem 4.5

Let $`C`$ be an SL cone in $`^m`$ with isolated singularity at $`0`$, and set $`\mathrm{\Sigma }=C𝒮^{2m1}`$. Define $`\iota :\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})^m`$ by $`\iota (\sigma ,r)=r\sigma `$. Let $`\zeta `$, $`U_CT^{}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (0,\mathrm{})\right)`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_C:U_C^m`$ be as in Theorem 3.6.

Suppose $`L`$ is an AC SL $`m`$-fold in $`^m`$ with cone $`C`$ and rate $`\lambda <2`$. Then there exists a compact $`KL`$ and a diffeomorphism $`\phi :\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (T,\mathrm{})LK`$ for some $`T>0`$ satisfying (10), and a closed $`1`$-form $`\chi `$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (T,\mathrm{})`$ written $`\chi (\sigma ,r)=\chi ^1(\sigma ,r)+\chi ^2(\sigma ,r)\mathrm{d}r`$ for $`\chi ^1(\sigma ,r)T_\sigma ^{}\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ and $`\chi ^2(\sigma ,r)`$, satisfying

$$\begin{array}{c}\left|\chi (\sigma ,r)\right|<\zeta r,\phi (\sigma ,r)\mathrm{\Phi }_C(\sigma ,r,\chi ^1(\sigma ,r),\chi ^2(\sigma ,r))\\ \text{and}\left|^k\chi \right|=O(r^{\lambda 1k})\text{as }r\mathrm{}\text{ for }k=0,1,\end{array}$$
(11)
computing $`,|.|`$ using the cone metric $`\iota ^{}(g^{})`$.

Now suppose that the rate $`\lambda `$ of $`L`$ satisfies $`\lambda <0`$. Then $`Y(L)=0`$ by Proposition 4.3, and the results of \[10, §7.3\] simplify. Combining \[10, Prop. 7.6\], \[10, Th. 7.7\] and \[10, Th. 7.11\] gives an analogue of Theorem 3.8.

###### Theorem 4.6

In the situation of Theorem 4.5, suppose $`\lambda <0`$. Then $`\chi =\mathrm{d}E`$, where $`EC^{\mathrm{}}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (T,\mathrm{})\right)`$ is given by $`E(\sigma ,r)=_r^{\mathrm{}}\chi ^2(\sigma ,s)ds`$. If either $`\lambda =\lambda ^{}`$, or $`\lambda ^{}(2m,0)`$, or $`\lambda ,\lambda ^{}`$ lie in the same connected component of $`𝒟_\mathrm{\Sigma }`$, then $`L`$ is an AC SL $`m`$-fold with rate $`\lambda ^{}`$ and

$$\begin{array}{c}\left|^k(\phi \iota )\right|=O(r^{\lambda ^{}1k}),\left|^k\chi \right|=O(r^{\lambda ^{}1k})\text{and}\\ \left|^kE\right|=O(r^{\lambda ^{}k})\text{as }r\mathrm{}\text{ for all }k0\text{.}\end{array}$$
(12)
Here $`,|.|`$ are computed using the cone metric $`\iota ^{}(g^{})`$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (T,\mathrm{})`$.

In particular, this shows that any AC SL $`m`$-fold $`L`$ with rate $`\lambda <0`$ is also an AC SL $`m`$-fold with rate $`\lambda ^{}`$ for $`\lambda ^{}(2m,\frac{1}{2}(2m))`$. This will be important in §6.2, where we need to assume that $`\lambda <\frac{1}{2}(2m)`$ to make an error term sufficiently small. Here \[10, Th. 7.5\] is the analogue of Theorem 3.9.

###### Theorem 4.7

Suppose $`L`$ is an AC SL $`m`$-fold in $`^m`$ with cone $`C`$. Let $`\mathrm{\Sigma },\iota ,\zeta ,U_C,\mathrm{\Phi }_C,K,T,\phi ,\chi ,\chi ^1,\chi ^2`$ be as in Theorem 4.5. Then making $`T,K`$ larger if necessary, there exists an open tubular neighbourhood $`U_LT^{}L`$ of the zero section $`L`$ in $`T^{}L`$, such that under $`\mathrm{d}\phi :T^{}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (T,\mathrm{})\right)T^{}L`$ we have

$$(\mathrm{d}\phi )^{}(U_L)=\{(\sigma ,r,\tau ,u)T^{}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (T,\mathrm{})\right):\left|(\tau ,u)\right|<\zeta r\},$$
(13)
and there exists an embedding $`\mathrm{\Phi }_L:U_L^m`$ with $`\mathrm{\Phi }_L|_L=id:LL`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_L^{}(\omega ^{})=\widehat{\omega }`$, where $`\widehat{\omega }`$ is the canonical symplectic structure on $`T^{}L`$, such that

$$\mathrm{\Phi }_L\mathrm{d}\phi (\sigma ,r,\tau ,u)\mathrm{\Phi }_C(\sigma ,r,\tau +\chi ^1(\sigma ,r),u+\chi ^2(\sigma ,r))$$
(14)
for all $`(\sigma ,r,\tau ,u)T^{}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }\times (T,\mathrm{})\right)`$ with $`|(\tau ,u)|<\zeta r`$, computing $`|.|`$ using $`\iota ^{}(g^{})`$.

In \[10, Th. 7.10\] we study the bounded harmonic functions on $`L`$.

###### Theorem 4.8

Suppose $`L`$ is an AC SL $`m`$-fold in $`^m`$, with cone $`C`$. Let $`\mathrm{\Sigma },T`$ and $`\phi `$ be as in Theorem 4.5. Let $`l=b^0(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$, and $`\mathrm{\Sigma }^1,\mathrm{},\mathrm{\Sigma }^l`$ be the connected components of $`\mathrm{\Sigma }`$. Let $`V`$ be the vector space of bounded harmonic functions on $`L`$. Then $`dimV=l`$, and for each $`𝐜=(c^1,\mathrm{},c^l)^l`$ there exists a unique $`v^𝐜V`$ such that for all $`j=1,\mathrm{},l`$, $`k0`$ and $`\beta (2m,0)`$ we have

$$^k\left(\phi ^{}(v^𝐜)c^j\right)=O\left(|𝐜|r^{\beta k}\right)\text{on }\mathrm{\Sigma }^j\times (T,\mathrm{})\text{ as }r\mathrm{}\text{.}$$

Note also that $`V=\{v^𝐜:𝐜^l\}`$ and $`v^{(1,\mathrm{},1)}1`$.

## 5 An analytic existence result for SL $`m`$-folds

We shall now use analysis to prove that under certain conditions a compact, nonsingular Lagrangian $`m`$-fold $`N`$ in an almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold $`M`$ which is approximately special Lagrangian can be deformed to a nearby special Lagrangian $`m`$-fold $`\stackrel{~}{N}`$ in $`M`$. We begin in §5.1 with some background material from analysis. The main result, Theorem 5.3, is stated in §5.2, and proved in §5.3–§5.5.

Theorem 5.3 and its proof are based on results by the author \[8, Th. 11.6.1 & Th. 13.6.1\], which are used to construct compact 7- and 8-manifolds $`M`$ with holonomy $`G_2`$ and Spin(7) by deforming a $`G_2`$\- or Spin(7)-structure with small torsion on $`M`$. The geometry is rather different, but the underlying conception and structure of the proof is the same.

In each of §6 and §7 we will construct a family of compact, nonsingular Lagrangian $`m`$-folds $`N^t`$ in $`M`$ for $`t(0,\delta )`$ by gluing AC SL $`m`$-folds $`L_1,\mathrm{},L_n`$ in at the singular points $`x_1,\mathrm{},x_n`$ of a compact SL $`m`$-fold $`X`$ in $`M`$ with conical singularities. We then apply Theorem 5.3 to show that $`N^t`$ can be deformed to a nearby compact, nonsingular SL $`m`$-fold $`\stackrel{~}{N}^t`$ in $`M`$ for small $`t`$.

The proof of Theorem 5.3 is long and technical, and some readers may prefer to skip over it. The rest of the paper will use only the statement of Theorem 5.3, and not refer to its proof in §5.3–§5.5.

### 5.1 Banach spaces of functions

Let $`(N,g)`$ be a Riemannian manifold. To establish notation, we shall define various Banach spaces of functions on $`N`$. Some references for these spaces are Aubin  and Gilbarg and Trudinger . For each integer $`k0`$, define $`C^k(N)`$ to be the vector space of continuous, bounded functions $`f`$ on $`N`$ that have $`k`$ continuous, bounded derivatives, and define the norm $`._{C^k}`$ on $`C^k(N)`$ by $`f_{C^k}=_{j=0}^ksup_N\left|^jf\right|`$, where $``$ is the Levi-Civita connection. Then $`C^k(N)`$ is a Banach space. Let $`C^{\mathrm{}}(N)=_{k0}C^k(N)`$.

For $`k0`$ and $`\alpha (0,1)`$, define the Hölder space $`C^{k,\alpha }(N)`$ to be the subset of $`fC^k(N)`$ for which

$$[^kf]_\alpha =\underset{\begin{array}{c}xyN\\ d(x,y)<\delta (g)\end{array}}{sup}\frac{\left|^kf(x)^kf(y)\right|}{d(x,y)^\alpha }$$

is finite. Here $`d(x,y)`$ is the geodesic distance between $`x`$ and $`y`$ and $`\delta (g)>0`$ the injectivity radius. Note that $`^kf(x)`$ and $`^kf(y)`$ lie in different vector spaces $`^kT_x^{}N`$, $`^kT_y^{}N`$ when $`k>0`$, but we identify them by parallel translation using $``$ along the unique geodesic $`\gamma `$ of length $`d(x,y)`$ joining $`x`$ and $`y`$. The Hölder norm is $`f_{C^{k,\alpha }}=f_{C^k}+[^kf]_\alpha `$.

For $`q1`$, define the Lebesgue space $`L^q(N)`$ to be the set of locally integrable functions $`f`$ on $`N`$ for which the norm

$$f_{L^q}=\left(_N|f|^qdV_g\right)^{1/q}$$

is finite. Here $`\mathrm{d}V_g`$ is the volume form of $`g`$. Suppose $`r,s,t1`$ with $`1/r=1/s+1/t`$. If $`\varphi L^s(N)`$ and $`\psi L^t(N)`$ then $`\varphi \psi L^r(N)`$, and $`\varphi \psi _{L^r}\varphi _{L^s}\psi _{L^t}`$; this is Hölder’s inequality.

Let $`q1`$ and $`k0`$ be an integer. Define the Sobolev space $`L_k^q(N)`$ to be the set of $`fL^q(N)`$ such that $`f`$ is $`k`$ times weakly differentiable and $`|^jf|L^q(N)`$ for $`jk`$. Define the Sobolev norm on $`L_k^q(N)`$ to be

$$f_{L_k^q}=\left(\underset{j=0}{\overset{k}{}}_N|^jf|^qdV_g\right)^{1/q}.$$

Then $`L_k^q(N)`$ is a Banach space, and $`L_k^2(N)`$ a Hilbert space.

The Sobolev Embedding Theorem \[1, Th. 2.30\] gives inclusions between the spaces $`L_k^q(N)`$ and $`C^{l,\alpha }(N)`$.

###### Theorem 5.1

Suppose $`(N,g)`$ is a compact Riemannian $`n`$-manifold, $`kl0`$ are integers, $`\alpha (0,1)`$ and $`q,r1`$. If $`\frac{1}{q}\frac{1}{r}+\frac{kl}{n}`$, then $`L_k^q(N)`$ is continuously embedded in $`L_l^r(N)`$ by inclusion. If $`\frac{1}{q}\frac{kl\alpha }{n}`$, then $`L_k^q(N)`$ is continuously embedded in $`C^{l,\alpha }(N)`$ by inclusion.

### 5.2 Statement of the result

The following definition sets up the notation we shall use.

Definition 5.2  Let $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$ be an almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold, with metric $`g`$. Let $`N`$ be a compact, oriented, immersed, Lagrangian $`m`$-submanifold in $`M`$, with immersion $`\iota :NM`$, so that $`\iota ^{}(\omega )0`$. Define $`h=\iota ^{}(g)`$, so that $`(N,h)`$ is a Riemannian manifold. Let $`\mathrm{d}V`$ be the volume form on $`N`$ induced by the metric $`h`$ and orientation.

Let $`\psi :M(0,\mathrm{})`$ be the smooth function given in (3). Then $`\mathrm{\Omega }|_N`$ is a complex $`m`$-form on $`N`$, and using (3) and the Lagrangian condition we find that $`\left|\mathrm{\Omega }|_N\right|=\psi ^m`$, calculating $`|.|`$ using $`h`$ on $`N`$. Therefore we may write

$$\mathrm{\Omega }|_N=\psi ^m\mathrm{e}^{i\theta }\mathrm{d}V\text{on }N\text{,}$$
(15)
for some phase function $`\mathrm{e}^{i\theta }`$ on $`N`$. Suppose that $`\mathrm{cos}\theta \frac{1}{2}`$ on $`N`$. Then we can choose $`\theta `$ to be a smooth function $`\theta :N(\frac{\pi }{3},\frac{\pi }{3})`$. Suppose that $`[\iota ^{}(Im\mathrm{\Omega })]=0`$ in $`H^m(N,)`$. Then $`_N\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta \mathrm{d}V=0`$, by (15).

Suppose we are given a finite-dimensional vector subspace $`WC^{\mathrm{}}(N)`$ with $`1W`$. Define $`\pi _W:L^2(N)W`$ to be the projection onto $`W`$ using the $`L^2`$-inner product.

For $`r>0`$, define $`_rT^{}N`$ to be the bundle of 1-forms $`\alpha `$ on $`N`$ with $`|\alpha |<r`$. Regard $`_r`$ as a noncompact $`2m`$-manifold with natural projection $`\pi :_rN`$, whose fibre at $`xN`$ is the ball of radius $`r`$ about 0 in $`T_x^{}N`$. We will sometimes identify $`N`$ with the zero section of $`_r`$, and write $`N_r`$.

At each $`y_r`$ with $`\pi (y)=xN`$, the Levi-Civita connection $``$ of $`h`$ on $`T^{}N`$ defines a splitting $`T_y_r=HV`$ into horizontal and vertical subspaces $`H,V`$, with $`HT_xN`$ and $`VT_x^{}N`$. Write $`\widehat{\omega }`$ for the natural symplectic structure on $`_rT^{}N`$, defined using $`T_rHV`$ and $`HV^{}`$. Define a natural Riemannian metric $`\widehat{h}`$ on $`_r`$ such that the subbundles $`H,V`$ are orthogonal, and $`\widehat{h}|_H=\pi ^{}(h)`$, $`\widehat{h}|_V=\pi ^{}(h^1)`$.

Let $`\widehat{}`$ be the connection on $`T_rHV`$ given by the lift of the Levi-Civita connection $``$ of $`h`$ on $`N`$ in the horizontal directions $`H`$, and by partial differentiation in the vertical directions $`V`$, which is well-defined as $`T_r`$ is naturally trivial along each fibre. Then $`\widehat{}`$ preserves $`\widehat{h},\widehat{\omega }`$ and the splitting $`T_rHV`$. It is not torsion-free in general, but has torsion $`T(\widehat{})`$ depending linearly on the Riemann curvature $`R(h)`$.

As $`N`$ is a Lagrangian submanifold of $`M`$, by Theorem 3.5 the symplectic manifold $`(M,\omega )`$ is locally isomorphic near $`N`$ to $`T^{}N`$ with its canonical symplectic structure. That is, for some small $`r>0`$ there exists an immersion $`\mathrm{\Phi }:_rM`$ such that $`\mathrm{\Phi }^{}(\omega )=\widehat{\omega }`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }|_N=\iota `$. Define an $`m`$-form $`\beta `$ on $`_r`$ by $`\beta =\mathrm{\Phi }^{}(Im\mathrm{\Omega })`$.

If $`\alpha C^{\mathrm{}}(T^{}N)`$ with $`|\alpha |<r`$, write $`\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )`$ for the graph of $`\alpha `$ in $`_r`$. Then $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{}(\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha ))`$ is a compact, immersed submanifold in $`M`$ diffeomorphic to $`N`$.

With this notation, we can state our main result.

###### Theorem 5.3

Let $`\kappa >1`$ and $`A_1,\mathrm{},A_8>0`$ be real, and $`m3`$ an integer. Then there exist $`ϵ,K>0`$ depending only on $`\kappa ,A_1,\mathrm{},A_8`$ and $`m`$ such that the following holds.

Suppose $`0<tϵ`$ and Definition 5.2 holds with $`r=A_1t`$, and

* $`\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta _{L^{2m/(m+2)}}A_2t^{\kappa +m/2}`$, $`\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta _{C^0}A_2t^{\kappa 1}`$,
$`\mathrm{d}(\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta )_{L^{2m}}A_2t^{\kappa 3/2}`$ and $`\pi _W(\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta )_{L^1}A_2t^{\kappa +m1}`$.
* $`\psi A_3`$ on $`N`$.
* $`\widehat{}^k\beta _{C^0}A_4t^k`$ for $`k=0,1,2`$ and $`3`$.
* The injectivity radius $`\delta (h)`$ satisfies $`\delta (h)A_5t`$.
* The Riemann curvature $`R(h)`$ satisfies $`R(h)_{C^0}A_6t^2`$.
* If $`vL_1^2(N)`$ with $`\pi _W(v)=0`$, then $`vL^{2m/(m2)}(N)`$ by Theorem 5.1, and $`v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}A_7\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}`$.
* For all $`wW`$ we have $`\mathrm{d}^{}\mathrm{d}w_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}\frac{1}{2}A_7^1\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}`$.
For all $`wW`$ with $`_NwdV=0`$ we have $`w_{C^0}A_8t^{1m/2}\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}`$.

Here norms are computed using the metric $`h`$ on $`N`$ in (i), (v), (vi) and (vii), and the metric $`\widehat{h}`$ on $`_{A_1t}`$ in (iii). Then there exists $`fC^{\mathrm{}}(N)`$ with $`_NfdV=0`$, such that $`\mathrm{d}f_{C^0}Kt^\kappa <A_1t`$ and $`\stackrel{~}{N}=\mathrm{\Phi }_{}\left(\mathrm{\Gamma }(\mathrm{d}f)\right)`$ is an immersed special Lagrangian $`m`$-fold in $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$.

The theorem will be proved in §5.3–§5.5. In the rest of the section we work in the situation of Theorem 5.3, so we suppose $`M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega }`$ and $`N`$ are given, we use the notation of Definition 5.2, and we suppose that $`\kappa >1,A_1,\mathrm{},A_8>0`$ and $`t>0`$ are given such that parts (i)–(vii) of Theorem 5.3 hold.

### 5.3 Special Lagrangian submanifolds close to $`N`$

We begin the proof by studying the conditions for a submanifold $`\stackrel{~}{N}`$ of $`M`$ close to $`N`$ to be special Lagrangian. We write $`\stackrel{~}{N}`$ as $`\mathrm{\Phi }\left(\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )\right)`$, where $`\alpha `$ is a small 1-form on $`N`$ and $`\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )`$ its graph in $`_{A_1t}T^{}N`$.

###### Lemma 5.4

In the situation above, let $`\alpha C^{\mathrm{}}(T^{}N)`$ be a smooth $`1`$-form with $`\alpha _{C^0}<A_1t`$, and $`\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )`$ the graph of $`\alpha `$ in $`_{A_1t}`$. Then $`\stackrel{~}{N}=\mathrm{\Phi }\left(\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )\right)`$ is a special Lagrangian $`m`$-fold in $`M`$ if and only if $`\mathrm{d}\alpha =0`$ and $`\pi _{}\left(\beta |_{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )}\right)=0`$.

Proof. Note that $`\pi :\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )N`$ is a diffeomorphism and $`\mathrm{\Phi }:\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )M`$ an immersion. By Definition 2.3, $`\stackrel{~}{N}`$ is an SL $`m`$-fold in $`M`$ if and only if $`\omega |_{\stackrel{~}{N}}Im\mathrm{\Omega }|_{\stackrel{~}{N}}0`$. Pulling back by $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$, this holds if and only if $`\widehat{\omega }|_{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )}\beta |_{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )}0`$, since $`\mathrm{\Phi }^{}(\omega )=\widehat{\omega }`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }^{}(Im\mathrm{\Omega })=\beta `$.

Pushing forward by $`\pi :\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )N`$, we see that $`\stackrel{~}{N}`$ is special Lagrangian if and only if $`\pi _{}\left(\widehat{\omega }|_{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )}\right)\pi _{}\left(\beta |_{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )}\right)0`$. But as $`_{A_1t}T^{}N`$ and $`\widehat{\omega }`$ is the natural symplectic structure on $`T^{}N`$ we have $`\pi _{}\left(\widehat{\omega }|_{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )}\right)=\mathrm{d}\alpha `$ by a well-known piece of symplectic geometry, and the lemma follows. $`\mathrm{}`$

We rewrite the condition $`\pi _{}\left(\beta |_{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )}\right)=0`$ in terms of a function $`F`$.

Definition 5.5  Define $`𝒜=\{\alpha C^{\mathrm{}}(T^{}N):\alpha _{C^0}<A_1t\}`$, and define $`F:𝒜C^{\mathrm{}}(N)`$ by $`\pi _{}\left(\beta |_{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )}\right)=F(\alpha )\mathrm{d}V`$. Then Lemma 5.4 shows that if $`\alpha 𝒜`$ then $`\mathrm{\Phi }\left(\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )\right)`$ is special Lagrangian if and only if $`\mathrm{d}\alpha =F(\alpha )=0`$.

The value of $`F(\alpha )`$ at $`xN`$ depends on the tangent space $`T_y\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )`$, where $`y\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )`$ with $`\pi (y)=x`$. But $`T_y\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )`$ depends on both $`\alpha |_x`$ and $`\alpha |_x`$. Hence $`F(\alpha )`$ depends pointwise on both $`\alpha `$ and $`\alpha `$, rather than just $`\alpha `$. Therefore we may write

$$\begin{array}{cc}& F(\alpha )[x]=F^{}(x,\alpha (x),\alpha (x))\text{for all }xN\text{, where}\hfill \\ & F^{}:\{(x,\gamma ,\delta ):xN,\gamma T_x^{}N,|\gamma |<A_1t,\delta ^2T_x^{}N\}\hfill \end{array}$$
(16)
is a smooth, nonlinear function. Note that $`F`$ maps between infinite-dimensional spaces $`𝒜C^{\mathrm{}}(N)`$, but $`F^{}`$ maps between finite-dimensional spaces.

For fixed $`xN`$ the variables $`\gamma ,\delta `$ in the domain of $`F^{}`$ lie in vector spaces $`T_x^{}N`$, $`^2T_x^{}N`$. Thus we may take partial derivatives in these directions (without using a connection), with values in the dual spaces $`T_xN,^2T_xN`$. Write $`_1,_2`$ for the partial derivatives in the $`\gamma ,\delta `$ directions respectively. Then we have

$$_1F^{}(x,\gamma ,\delta )T_xN,_2F^{}(x,\gamma ,\delta )^2T_xN,_1^2F^{}(x,\gamma ,\delta )S^2(T_xN),$$

$$_1_2F^{}(x,\gamma ,\delta )^3T_xN\text{and}_2^2F^{}(x,\gamma ,\delta )S^2(^2T_xN).$$

We compute the expansion of $`F`$ up to first order in $`\alpha `$.

###### Proposition 5.6

This function $`F`$ may be written

$$F(\alpha )=\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta \mathrm{d}^{}\left(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta \alpha \right)+Q(\alpha ),$$
(17)
where $`Q:𝒜C^{\mathrm{}}(N)`$ is smooth with $`Q(\alpha )=O\left(|\alpha |^2+|\alpha |^2\right)`$ for small $`\alpha `$.

Proof. It is easy to see that $`F`$ depends smoothly on $`\alpha `$. Therefore by Taylor’s theorem we may expand $`F`$ about $`\alpha =0`$ up to second order, and get an equation with the general form of (17), with $`Q`$ smooth. Since $`F(\alpha )`$ depends pointwise on $`\alpha ,\alpha `$, the second-order remainder term $`Q(\alpha )`$ is of the form $`O\left(|\alpha |^2+|\alpha |^2\right)`$, and the estimate valid when $`|\alpha |,|\alpha |`$ are small, that is, when $`\alpha `$ is small in $`C^1`$.

So to prove (17) we need to compute $`F(0)`$ and $`\mathrm{d}F(0)`$ and show they coincide with the first two terms on the right hand side of (17). When $`\alpha =0`$ we have $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{}\left(\mathrm{\Gamma }(0)\right)=N`$ in $`M`$, and therefore $`\pi _{}\left(\beta |_{\mathrm{\Gamma }(0)}\right)=Im\mathrm{\Omega }|_N=\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta \mathrm{d}V`$ by (15). Thus $`F(0)=\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta `$ by Definition 5.3, giving the zeroth order term in (17).

Next we compute the first order term in $`\alpha `$. Let $`v`$ be the vector field on $`T^{}N`$ with $`v\widehat{\omega }=\pi ^{}(\alpha )`$. Then $`v`$ is tangent to the fibres of $`\pi :T^{}NN`$, and $`\mathrm{exp}(v)`$ maps $`T^{}NT^{}N`$ taking $`\beta \alpha +\beta `$ for 1-forms $`\beta `$ on $`N`$. Identifying $`N`$ with the zero section of $`T^{}N`$, the image $`\mathrm{exp}(v)[N]`$ of $`N`$ under $`\mathrm{exp}(v)`$ is $`\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )_{A_1t}T^{}N`$. More generally, $`\mathrm{exp}(sv)[N]=\mathrm{\Gamma }(s\alpha )`$ for $`s[0,1]`$.

Therefore $`F(s\alpha )\mathrm{d}V=\mathrm{exp}(sv)^{}(\beta )`$ for $`s[0,1]`$. Differentiating gives

$$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill \mathrm{d}F(0)[\alpha ]\mathrm{d}V& =\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}s}\left(F(s\alpha )\right)|_{s=0}\mathrm{d}V=\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}s}\left(\mathrm{exp}(sv)^{}(\beta )\right)|_{s=0}\hfill \\ & =\left(_v\beta \right)|_N=\left(\mathrm{d}(v\beta )+v(\mathrm{d}\beta )\right)|_N=\mathrm{d}\left((v\beta )|_N\right),\hfill \end{array}$$
(18)
where $`_v`$ is the Lie derivative, ‘$``$’ contracts together vector fields and forms in the usual way, and we have used the fact that $`\mathrm{d}\beta =0`$ since $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is closed and $`\beta =\mathrm{\Phi }^{}(Im\mathrm{\Omega })`$.

Fix $`xN`$. We may choose local real coordinates $`(x_1,\mathrm{},x_m,y_1,\mathrm{},y_m)`$ on $`M`$ near $`x`$ such that at $`x`$ we have

$`g`$ $`={\displaystyle \underset{j=1}{\overset{m}{}}}(\mathrm{d}x_j^2+\mathrm{d}y_j^2),T_xN={\displaystyle \frac{}{x_1}},\mathrm{},{\displaystyle \frac{}{x_m}},\mathrm{d}V=\mathrm{d}x_1\mathrm{}\mathrm{d}x_m|_{T_xN},`$
$`\omega `$ $`={\displaystyle \underset{j=1}{\overset{m}{}}}\mathrm{d}x_j\mathrm{d}y_j\text{and}\mathrm{\Omega }=\psi ^m\mathrm{e}^{i\theta }(\mathrm{d}x_1+i\mathrm{d}y_1)\mathrm{}(\mathrm{d}x_m+i\mathrm{d}y_m).`$
Identify $`T_xM`$ with $`T_x_{A_1t}`$ using $`\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\Phi }`$, so that $`\widehat{\omega }=\omega `$ and $`\beta =Im\mathrm{\Omega }`$.

Write $`\alpha =_{j=1}^ma_j\mathrm{d}x_j`$ at $`x`$ for $`a_j`$. Then $`v=_{j=1}^ma_j\frac{}{y_j}`$ at $`x`$ as $`v\omega =\alpha `$. Calculation with the above expression for $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ then shows that

$`(v\beta )|_N`$ $`=\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta {\displaystyle \underset{j=1}{\overset{m}{}}}(1)^{j1}a_j\mathrm{d}x_1\mathrm{}\mathrm{d}x_{j1}\mathrm{d}x_{j+1}\mathrm{}\mathrm{d}x_m`$
$`=\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta _{T_xN}\alpha \text{at }x\text{,}`$
where $`_{T_xN}`$ is the Hodge star on $`T_xN`$, computed using the explicit expressions for $`g`$ and $`\mathrm{d}V`$ at $`x`$. Since $`\mathrm{d}V=1`$ and $`\mathrm{d}=\mathrm{d}^{}`$ on 1-forms, equation (18) gives

$$\mathrm{d}F(0)[\alpha ]\mathrm{d}V=\mathrm{d}(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta \alpha )=(\mathrm{d}(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta \alpha ))\mathrm{d}V=(\mathrm{d}^{}(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta \alpha ))\mathrm{d}V.$$

This shows that $`\mathrm{d}F(0):\alpha \mathrm{d}^{}(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta \alpha )`$, which yields the first order term in (17), and completes the proof. $`\mathrm{}`$

Here are some properties of $`Q`$.

###### Lemma 5.7

This function $`Q`$ satisfies $`Q(0)=\mathrm{d}Q(0)=0`$ and $`_NQ(\alpha )dV=0`$ for all $`\alpha 𝒜`$, and $`\mathrm{\Phi }\left(\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )\right)`$ is special Lagrangian if and only if

$$\mathrm{d}\alpha =0\text{and}\mathrm{d}^{}\left(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta \alpha \right)=\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta +Q(\alpha ).$$
(19)
Proof. Proposition 5.6 gives $`Q(\alpha )=O\left(|\alpha |^2+|\alpha |^2\right)`$, which implies that $`Q(0)=\mathrm{d}Q(0)=0`$. By definition $`\pi _{}\left(\beta |_{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )}\right)=F(\alpha )\mathrm{d}V`$ for $`\alpha 𝒜`$, so

$$_NF(\alpha )dV=_{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )}\beta =_{\mathrm{\Gamma }(0)}\beta =_N\iota ^{}(Im\mathrm{\Omega })=0,$$

as $`\beta `$ is closed, $`\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )`$ and $`\mathrm{\Gamma }(0)`$ are homologous, and $`[\iota ^{}(Im\mathrm{\Omega })]=0`$ in $`H^m(N,)`$ by Definition 5.2. Now $`F(0)=\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta `$ by (17), so $`_N\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta \mathrm{d}V=0`$, and $`_N\mathrm{d}^{}\left(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta \alpha \right)dV=0`$ by integration by parts. Therefore multiplying (17) by $`\mathrm{d}V`$ and integrating over $`N`$ gives $`_NQ(\alpha )dV=0`$. Finally $`\mathrm{\Phi }\left(\mathrm{\Gamma }(\alpha )\right)`$ is special Lagrangian if and only if $`\mathrm{d}\alpha =F(\alpha )=0`$ by Definition 5.3, and by (17) this is equivalent to (19). $`\mathrm{}`$

The notation $`Q(\alpha )`$ was chosen because $`Q`$ is approximately quadratic for small $`\alpha `$. The following estimates of $`Q`$ are modelled on the fact that if $`q`$ is a homogeneous quadratic polynomial on $`^n`$ then $`\left|q(𝐱)q(𝐲)\right|C|𝐱𝐲|\left(|𝐱|+|𝐲|\right)`$ for some $`C0`$ and all $`𝐱,𝐲^n`$.

###### Proposition 5.8

There exist $`C_1,\mathrm{},C_4>0`$ depending only on $`A_1,A_4,A_6,m`$ such that $`C_1<A_1`$ and if $`\alpha ,\beta 𝒜`$ with $`\alpha _{C^0},\beta _{C^0}C_1t`$ and $`\alpha _{C^0},\beta _{C^0}C_2`$ then

$`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill \left|Q(\alpha )Q(\beta )\right|C_3& (t^1|\alpha \beta |+|\alpha \beta |)\hfill \\ & \left(t^1|\alpha |+t^1|\beta |+|\alpha |+|\beta |\right)\text{and}\hfill \end{array}`$ (20)
$`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill \left|\mathrm{d}\left(Q(\alpha )Q(\beta )\right)\right|C_4& (t^3|\alpha \beta |(|\alpha |+|\beta |)+t^2|\alpha \beta |(|\alpha |+|\beta |)\hfill \\ \hfill +t^1|\alpha & \beta |(|^2\alpha |+|^2\beta |)+t^2|\alpha \beta |(|\alpha |+|\beta |)\hfill \\ \hfill +t^1|\alpha & \beta |(|\alpha |+|\beta |)+|\alpha \beta |(|^2\alpha |+|^2\beta |)\hfill \\ \hfill +t^1|^2\alpha & ^2\beta |(|\alpha |+|\beta |)+|^2\alpha ^2\beta |(|\alpha |+|\beta |)).\hfill \end{array}`$ (21)
Proof. Let $`\alpha ,\beta 𝒜`$, fix $`xN`$, and define a real function $`P`$ on the triangle $`\{(r,s):0rs1\}`$ by $`P(r,s)=Q\left(r(\alpha \beta )+s\beta \right)[x]`$. This is well-defined as $`𝒜`$ is convex and contains 0, so $`r(\alpha \beta )+s\beta 𝒜`$ when $`0rs1`$. Then

$$\left(Q(\alpha )Q(\beta )\right)[x]=P(1,1)P(0,1)=_0^1\frac{P}{r}(u,1)du.$$

Lemma 19 gives $`\mathrm{d}Q(0)=0`$, so $`\frac{P}{r}(0,0)=0`$. Therefore

$$\frac{P}{r}(u,1)=_0^1\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}s}\left(\frac{P}{r}(us,s)\right)ds=_0^1\left[u\frac{^2P}{r^2}(us,s)+\frac{^2P}{rs}(us,s)\right]ds.$$

Substituting this into the previous equation and changing variables to $`r=us`$ and $`s`$, we obtain

$$\left(Q(\alpha )Q(\beta )\right)[x]=_0^1_0^s\left[\frac{r}{s^2}\frac{^2P}{r^2}(r,s)+\frac{1}{s}\frac{^2P}{rs}(r,s)\right]drds.$$
(22)
By the definitions of $`P,Q`$ and $`F^{}`$ we have

$`P(r,s)=`$ $`F^{}(x,r(\alpha (x)\beta (x))+s\beta (x),r(\alpha (x)\beta (x))+s\beta (x))`$
$`(\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta )[x]+r\mathrm{d}^{}\left(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta (\alpha \beta )\right)[x]+s\mathrm{d}^{}\left(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta \beta \right)[x].`$
Taking second derivatives, the last line drops out to give

$`{\displaystyle \frac{^2P}{r^2}}(r,s)`$ $`=^2(\alpha \beta )_1^2F^{}+^2(\alpha \beta )_2^2F^{}`$
$`+2(\alpha \beta )(\alpha \beta )_1_2F^{}\text{and}`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{^2P}{rs}}(r,s)`$ $`=(\alpha \beta )\beta _1^2F^{}+(\alpha \beta )\beta _2^2F^{}`$
$`+\left((\alpha \beta )\beta +\beta (\alpha \beta )\right)_1_2F^{},`$
evaluating $`_j_kF^{}`$ at $`(x,r(\alpha \beta )+s\beta ,r(\alpha \beta )+s\beta )`$ and $`\alpha ,\beta ,\alpha ,\beta `$ at $`x`$.

Substituting these two equations into (22) and taking mods gives

$$\begin{array}{cc}& |Q(\alpha )Q(\beta )|[x]_0^1_0^s\left[(rs^2|\alpha \beta |^2+s^1|\alpha \beta ||\beta |)\right|_1^2F^{}|\hfill \\ & +\left(2rs^2|\alpha \beta ||\alpha \beta |+s^1|\alpha \beta ||\beta |+s^1|\beta ||\alpha \beta |\right)\left|_1_2F^{}\right|\hfill \\ & +(rs^2|\alpha \beta |^2+s^1|\alpha \beta ||\beta |)\left|_2^2F^{}\right|]\mathrm{d}r\mathrm{d}s.\hfill \end{array}$$
(23)
Here $`\alpha ,\beta ,\alpha ,\beta `$ are independent of $`r,s`$ and so $`|\alpha \beta |,\mathrm{},|\beta |`$ are constants, but $`_j_kF^{}`$ is evaluated at $`(x,r(\alpha \beta )+s\beta ,r(\alpha \beta )+s\beta )`$, so $`\left|_j_kF^{}\right|`$ is a function of $`r,s`$.

Let us interpret $`F^{}(x,\gamma ,\delta )`$ in terms of $`\widehat{\beta }`$. Regard $`(x,\gamma )`$ as a point in $`_{A_1t}T^{}N`$, with $`\gamma T_x^{}N`$. Then $`T_{(x,\gamma )}_{A_1t}T_xNT_x^{}N`$ as in Definition 5.2. Using $`\delta ^2T_x^{}N`$ we define a map $`I_\delta :T_xNT_xNT_x^{}N=T_{(x,\gamma )}_{A_1t}`$ by $`v(v,\delta v)`$. Then $`F^{}(x,\gamma ,\delta )\mathrm{d}V|_x`$ is the pullback to $`T_xN`$ under $`I_\delta `$ of the restriction of $`\widehat{\beta }`$ to $`T_{(x,\gamma )}_{A_1t}`$.

Because of this, estimates on the derivatives of $`\widehat{\beta }`$ imply estimates on the derivatives of $`F^{}`$. In particular, as $`\widehat{}^k\beta _{C^0}A_4t^k`$ for $`k=0,1,2`$ by part (iii) of Theorem 5.3 we can show that there exist $`C_1,C_2,C>0`$ depending only on $`A_4,m`$ such that

$$\left|_1^2F^{}\right|Ct^2,\left|_1_2F^{}\right|Ct^1\text{and}\left|_2^2F^{}\right|C\text{at }(x,\gamma ,\delta ),$$
(24)
provided $`|\gamma |C_1t`$ and $`|\delta |C_2`$. Here the power of $`t`$ is determined by the number of derivatives $`_1`$. This is because changing $`\delta `$ does not affect the point $`(x,\gamma )`$ in $`_{A_1t}`$, so $`_2`$ does not involve differentiating $`\widehat{\beta }`$ on $`_{A_1t}`$. Note that $`\widehat{},_1`$ are the same in the fibre directions, both given by partial differentiation.

Substituting (24) into (23) and integrating we prove (20), for some $`C_3>0`$ depending only on $`A_4,m`$. Equation (21) can be proved by a similar but rather more complicated argument, which we leave to the reader. The extra derivative on $`Q`$ means that we also use the inequalities $`R(h)_{C^0}A_6t^2`$ and $`\widehat{}^3\beta _{C^0}A_4t^3`$ in Theorem 5.3. $`\mathrm{}`$

### 5.4 Some analytic estimates on $`N`$

Section 5.3 studied the geometry of $`M`$ near $`N`$. We now give some estimates on $`N`$ itself, Propositions 5.11 and 5.13 below, depending only on the Riemannian manifold $`(N,h)`$. The proofs are based on that of Theorem G1 in the author’s book \[8, §11.7\].

These estimates are all proved by considering small balls in $`N`$ of radius $`O(t)`$, and comparing them with balls of the same radius in $`^m`$. We begin by showing that the metric $`h`$ on balls of radius $`O(t)`$ in $`N`$ is close to the Euclidean metric $`g_0`$ on $`^m`$ in the $`L_2^{2m}`$ norm.

###### Proposition 5.9

Let $`D_1>0`$ be smaller than a positive bound depending on $`m`$. Then there exist $`D_2,D_3,D_4>0`$ depending only on $`A_5,A_6,m`$ and $`D_1`$ such that the following holds. Let $`B_2,B_3`$ be the balls of radii $`2,3`$ about $`0`$ in $`^m`$, and $`g_0`$ the Euclidean metric on $`B_3`$. Set $`r=D_2t`$. Then for each $`xN`$ we have $`D_3t^mvol\left(B_r(x)\right)vol\left(B_{4r}(x)\right)D_4t^m`$, where $`B_r(x)`$ is the geodesic ball of radius $`r`$ about $`x`$, and there is a smooth, injective map $`\mathrm{\Psi }_x:B_3N`$ satisfying $`r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h)g_0_{L_2^{2m}}D_1`$ and $`B_r(x)\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_2)\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)B_{4r}(x)`$.

Proof. For simplicity, first suppose that $`t=1`$. We require systems of coordinates on open balls in $`N`$, in which the metric $`h`$ appears close to the Euclidean metric $`g_0`$ in the $`L_2^{2m}`$ norm. These are provided by Jost and Karcher’s theory of harmonic coordinates . Jost and Karcher show that if the injectivity radius is bounded below and the sectional curvature is bounded above, then there exist coordinate systems on all balls of a given radius, in which the $`C^{1,\alpha }`$ norm of the metric is bounded in terms of $`\alpha `$ for each $`\alpha (0,1)`$.

The $`C^{1,\alpha }`$ norm is not quite strong enough for our purposes, but fortunately Jost and Karcher’s results can be improved to the $`L_2^p`$ norm, for $`p>m/2`$. This was done mainly by Anderson, and is described in Petersen \[17, §4–§5\]. From \[17, Th. 5.1, p. 185\] we deduce that since $`\delta (h)A_5`$ and $`R(h)_{C^0}A_6`$ (as $`t=1`$), for $`D_2>0`$ depending only on $`A_5,A_6,m`$ and $`D_1`$, there exists a coordinate system $`\mathrm{\Psi }_x`$ about $`x`$ for each $`xN`$, which we may write as a map $`\mathrm{\Psi }_x:B_3N`$ with $`\mathrm{\Psi }_x(0)=x`$, such that $`D_2^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h)g_0_{L_2^{2m}}D_1`$, as we have to prove.

Now the radius and volume of balls are controlled by the $`C^0`$ norm of the metric on the balls, which is controlled by the $`L_2^{2m}`$ norm by Theorem 5.1. Thus if $`D_1`$ is small enough in terms of $`m`$, the balls $`\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_2)`$, $`\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)`$ in $`N`$ must have volume and radius close to those of the balls of radius $`2D_2`$ and $`3D_2`$ in $`^m`$.

By making $`D_1`$ and $`D_2`$ smaller if necessary, we can ensure that $`D_3vol(B_{D_2}(x))`$ and $`vol(B_{4D_2}(x))D_4`$ for some $`D_3,D_4>0`$ depending only on $`A_5,A_6,m`$ and $`D_1`$, and that $`B_{D_1}(x)\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_2)`$ and $`\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)B_{4D_1}(x)`$, for all $`xN`$. This completes the proof when $`t=1`$. To prove the proposition for general $`t>0`$, apply the case $`t=1`$ to the rescaled metric $`t^2h`$. $`\mathrm{}`$

By the Sobolev Embedding Theorem, Theorem 5.1, $`L_1^{2m}`$ embeds in $`C^0`$. Using this we may prove the following result on balls in $`^m`$, following \[1, Lem. 2.22\]. It is easy to modify the proof to get a bound involving $`u_{L^2}`$ rather than $`u_{L^{2m}}`$.

###### Lemma 5.10

Let $`B_2,B_3`$ be the balls of radii $`2,3`$ about $`0`$ in $`^m`$. Then there exist $`D_5,D_6>0`$ depending only on $`m`$ such that if $`uC^1(B_3)`$ and $`vL_1^{2m}(B_3)`$ then $`u|_{B_2}_{C^0}D_5\left(\mathrm{d}u_{C^0}+u_{L^2}\right)`$ and $`v|_{B_2}_{C^0}D_6\left(\mathrm{d}v_{L^{2m}}+v_{L^2}\right)`$.

We can now prove a Sobolev embedding result for 1-forms on $`N`$.

###### Proposition 5.11

There exist $`C_5,C_6>0`$ depending only on $`A_5,A_6`$ and $`m`$ such that if $`\alpha L_2^{2m}(T^{}N)`$ then $`\alpha C^1(T^{}N)`$ and

$`\alpha _{C^0}`$ $`C_5\left(t\alpha _{C^0}+t^{m/2}\alpha _{L^2}\right),\text{and}`$ (25)
$`\alpha _{C^0}`$ $`C_6\left(t^{1/2}^2\alpha _{L^{2m}}+t^{m/2}\alpha _{L^2}\right).`$ (26)
Proof. Let $`D_1>0`$ be sufficiently small in terms of $`m`$, and let $`xN`$. Then Proposition 5.9 gives $`D_2,D_3,D_4>0`$ and $`\mathrm{\Psi }_x:B_3N`$. Define $`uL_2^{2m}(B_3)`$ and $`vL_1^{2m}(B_3)`$ by $`u=\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}\left(|\alpha |_h\right)`$ and $`v=\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}\left(|\alpha |_h\right)`$, where $`|.|_h`$ is taken using the metric $`h`$.

Lemma 5.10 then applies to $`u`$ and $`v`$, as $`uC^1(B_3)`$ by Theorem 5.1. The norms in Lemma 5.10 are calculated w.r.t. $`g_0`$ on $`B_3`$. But $`r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h)g_0_{L_2^{2m}}D_1`$ by Proposition 5.9, so if $`D_1`$ is small then the metrics $`r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h)`$ and $`g_0`$ are close in $`C^0`$. Hence we can increase $`D_5,D_6`$ to $`D_5^{},D_6^{}`$ depending only on $`D_1,m`$ such that $`u|_{B_2}_{C^0}D_5^{}\left(\mathrm{d}u_{C^0}+u_{L^2}\right)`$ and $`v|_{B_2}_{C^0}D_6^{}\left(\mathrm{d}v_{L^{2m}}+v_{L^2}\right)`$, where now all norms are taken w.r.t. the metric $`r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h)`$ on $`B_3`$.

Pushing these forward via $`\mathrm{\Psi }_x`$ we deduce that

$`|\alpha ||_{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_2)}_{C^0}`$ $`D_5^{}\left(r\mathrm{d}|\alpha ||_{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)}_{C^0}+r^{m/2}|\alpha ||_{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)}_{L^2}\right)\text{and}`$
$`|\alpha ||_{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_2)}_{C^0}`$ $`D_6^{}\left(r^{1/2}\mathrm{d}|\alpha ||_{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)}_{L^2}+r^{m/2}|\alpha ||_{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)}_{L^2}\right),`$
where all mods and norms are taken w.r.t. $`h`$, and the powers of $`r`$ compensate for the change from $`r^2h`$ to $`h`$. Substituting $`r=D_2t`$, noting that $`\left|\mathrm{d}|\alpha |\right||\alpha |`$ and $`\left|\mathrm{d}|\alpha |\right||^2\alpha |`$, and taking the supremum of these two inequalities over all $`xN`$, we quickly prove (25) and (26) with $`C_5=D_5^{}\mathrm{max}(D_2,D_2^{m/2})`$ and $`C_6=D_6^{}\mathrm{max}(D_2^{1/2},D_2^{m/2})`$. $`\mathrm{}`$

Next we prove some interior elliptic regularity estimates on $`B_2,B_3`$.

###### Proposition 5.12

Suppose $`E_1,E_2>0`$. Then there exist $`E_3,E_4>0`$ depending only on $`E_1,E_2`$ and $`m`$ such that the following holds.

Let $`B_2,B_3`$ be the balls of radii $`2,3`$ about $`0`$ in $`^m`$, and suppose $`a^{ij}L_2^{2m}(B_3)`$ for $`i,j=1,\mathrm{},m`$ and $`b^iL_1^{2m}(B_3)`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},m`$ such that

$$\begin{array}{c}E_1\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{}}\xi _i^2\underset{i,j=1}{\overset{m}{}}a^{ij}\xi _i\xi _j\text{on }B_3\text{ for all }(\xi _1,\mathrm{},\xi _m)^m\text{,}\\ \text{and}a^{ij}_{L_2^{2m}},b^i_{L_1^{2m}}E_2\text{for all }i,j=1,\mathrm{},m\text{.}\end{array}$$
(27)
Then whenever $`\sigma L_3^{2m}(B_3)`$ and $`\tau L_1^{2m}(B_3)`$ with

$$\underset{i,j=1}{\overset{m}{}}a^{ij}\frac{^2\sigma }{x_ix_j}+\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{}}b^i\frac{\sigma }{x_i}=\tau ,$$
(28)
we have

$`^2\sigma |_{B_2}_{L^2}`$ $`E_3\left(\mathrm{d}\sigma _{L^2}+\tau _{L^2}\right),\text{and}`$ (29)
$`^3\sigma |_{B_2}_{L^{2m}}`$ $`E_4\left(\mathrm{d}\sigma _{L^2}+\tau _{L_1^{2m}}\right).`$ (30)
Proof. Aubin \[1, Cor. 4.3\] shows that if $`(M,g)`$ is a compact Riemannian manifold and $`\phi L_1^2(M)`$ with $`_M\phi dV=0`$ then $`\phi _{L^2}C\mathrm{d}\phi _{L^2}`$ for $`C>0`$ depending on $`(M,g)`$. Using the technique of ‘doubling’ we see this also holds for compact Riemannian manifolds with boundary. Therefore if $`\phi L_1^2(B_3)`$ with $`_{B_3}\phi dV_{g_0}=0`$ then $`\phi _{L^2}E_5\mathrm{d}\phi _{L^2}`$ for $`E_5>0`$ depending only on $`m`$. Since (28)–(30) are unchanged by adding a constant to $`\sigma `$, we may assume that $`_{B_3}\sigma dV_{g_0}=0`$, and thus we have $`\sigma _{L^2}E_5\mathrm{d}\sigma _{L^2}`$.

Equation (28) is a second-order linear elliptic equation, with coefficients $`a^{ij},b^i`$. As $`L_1^{2m}C^{0,1/2}`$ by Theorem 5.1, the bounds (27) imply a $`C^{0,1/2}`$ bound on the coefficients of (28), and also show that (28) is uniformly elliptic. By the interior elliptic regularity estimates of Gilbarg and Trudinger \[2, Th. 9.11, p. 235\] there exists $`E_6>0`$ depending only on $`E_1,E_2`$ and $`m`$ such that $`\sigma |_{B_2}_{L_2^2}E_6\left(\sigma _{L^2}+\tau _{L^2}\right)`$. Combining this with $`^2\sigma |_{B_2}_{L^2}\sigma |_{B_2}_{L_2^2}`$ and $`\sigma _{L^2}E_5\mathrm{d}\sigma _{L^2}`$ we deduce (29), with $`E_3=E_6\mathrm{max}(E_5,1)`$.

We would like to apply the same approach to prove (30). However, there is a problem: to get an $`L_3^{2m}`$ estimate of $`\sigma `$ we need a $`C^{1,1/2}`$ bound on the coefficients of (28), which we do not have. So we instead rewrite (28) as

$$\underset{i,j=1}{\overset{m}{}}a^{ij}\frac{^2\sigma }{x_ix_j}=\tau \underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{}}b^i\frac{\sigma }{x_i}=\stackrel{~}{\tau }.$$
(31)
Now the l.h.s. is a uniformly elliptic operator with coefficients $`a^{ij}`$, which are bounded in $`C^{1,1/2}`$ by $`a^{ij}_{L_2^{2m}}E_2`$ and the Sobolev embedding $`L_2^{2m}C^{1,1/2}`$.

Let $`B_{5/2}`$ be the ball of radius $`5/2`$ about 0 in $`^m`$. Applying \[2, Th. 9.19, p. 243\] to (31) on $`B_{5/2}`$ we get a bound of the form

$$\sigma |_{B_2}_{L_3^{2m}}E_7\left(\sigma |_{B_{5/2}}_{L^2}+\stackrel{~}{\tau }|_{B_{5/2}}_{L_1^{2m}}\right),$$
(32)
for $`E_7>0`$ depending on $`E_1,E_2`$ and $`m`$. Now as $`L_1^{2m}C^0`$ by Theorem 5.1 we can show that multiplication is a continuous map $`L_1^{2m}(B_{5/2})\times L_1^{2m}(B_{5/2})L_1^{2m}(B_{5/2})`$, and so there exists $`C^{\prime \prime }>0`$ depending only on $`m`$ with

$$\phi \eta _{L_1^{2m}}C^{\prime \prime }\phi _{L_1^{2m}}\eta _{L_1^{2m}}\text{for all }\phi ,\eta L_1^{2m}(B_{5/2})\text{.}$$
(33)
But $`b^i_{L_1^{2m}}E_2`$, and by the method used to prove (29) we can bound $`\sigma |_{B_{5/2}}_{L_2^{2m}}`$, and hence $`\frac{\sigma }{x_j}|_{B_{5/2}}_{L_1^{2m}}`$, in terms of $`\sigma _{L^2}`$ and $`\tau _{L^{2m}}`$. Therefore using (31) and (33) we can bound $`\stackrel{~}{\tau }|_{B_{5/2}}_{L_1^{2m}}`$ in terms of $`\sigma _{L^2}`$ and $`\tau _{L_1^{2m}}`$. Combining this with (32) and $`\sigma _{L^2}E_5\mathrm{d}\sigma _{L^2}`$, we prove (30) for some $`E_4>0`$ depending only on $`E_1,E_2`$ and $`m`$. $`\mathrm{}`$

Finally we prove an elliptic regularity result for $`u\mathrm{d}^{}\left(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta \mathrm{d}u\right)`$ on $`N`$.

###### Proposition 5.13

There exist $`C_7,C_8>0`$ depending only on $`A_3,A_4,A_5,A_6`$ and $`m`$ such that if $`uL_3^{2m}(N)`$, $`vL_1^{2m}(N)`$ with $`\mathrm{d}^{}\left(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta \mathrm{d}u\right)=v`$ then

$`^2u_{L^2}`$ $`C_7\left(t^1\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}+v_{L^2}\right),\text{and}`$ (34)
$`^3u_{L^{2m}}`$ $`C_8\left(t^{(m+3)/2}\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}+t^1v_{L^{2m}}+\mathrm{d}v_{L^{2m}}\right).`$ (35)
Proof. Let $`xN`$, and define $`\sigma =\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(u)L_3^{2m}(B_3)`$ and $`\tau =r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(v)L_1^{2m}(B_3)`$. Then pulling the equation $`\mathrm{d}^{}\left(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta \mathrm{d}u\right)=v`$ back using $`\mathrm{\Psi }_x`$ and rewriting it in the standard coordinates $`(x_1,\mathrm{},x_m)`$ on $`B_3`$, calculation shows that (28) holds, where

$$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill a^{ij}& =\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta )\left[\left(r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h)\right)^1\right]^{ij}\text{and}\hfill \\ \hfill b^i& =\underset{j=1}{\overset{m}{}}\left(\frac{a^{ij}}{x_j}+\frac{a^{ij}}{2}\frac{}{x_j}\left(\mathrm{log}det\left[r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h)\right]_{kl}\right)\right).\hfill \end{array}$$
(36)
Here $`(r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h))^1`$ denotes the inverse in $`S^2TB_3`$ of the metric $`r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h)`$, and $`[\mathrm{}]^{ij},`$ $`[\mathrm{}]_{kl}`$ is the index notation for tensors, and $`[r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h)]_{kl}`$ is regarded as an $`m\times m`$ matrix, so that we can take its determinant.

Now by Proposition 5.9, if $`D_1`$ is small then $`r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h)`$ is $`L_2^{2m}`$ close to $`g_0`$, and hence $`C^1`$ close as $`L_2^{2m}C^1`$ by Theorem 5.1. Therefore $`(r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h))^1`$ is $`L_2^{2m}`$ and $`C^1`$ close to $`g_0^1`$, and thus $`[(r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h))^1]^{ij}`$ is $`L_2^{2m}`$ and $`C^1`$ close to $`\delta _j^i`$.

Since the component of $`\beta |_N`$ in $`\mathrm{\Lambda }^{m1}H^{}V^{}`$ is $`\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta `$, the inequality $`\beta _{C^0}A_4`$ in Theorem 5.3 implies that $`\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta A_4`$. Using $`\mathrm{cos}\theta \frac{1}{2}`$ from Definition 5.2 and $`\psi A_3>0`$ by Theorem 5.3 then gives $`0<\frac{1}{2}A_3^m\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta )A_4`$ on $`B_3`$. Combining this with the fact that $`[(r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h))^1]^{ij}`$ is $`C^0`$ close to $`\delta _j^i`$, we can find $`E_1>0`$ depending only on $`D_1,A_3,A_4`$ and $`m`$ such that the first equation of (27) holds.

Again, the inequality $`\widehat{}^k\beta _{C^0}A_4t^k`$ for $`k=0,1,2`$ in Theorem 5.3 implies that $`|^k(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta )|_N|_hA_4t^k`$ for $`k=0,1,2`$ on $`N`$. As $`r=D_2t`$, this implies that $`|^k(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta )|_N|_{r^2h}A_4D_2^k`$ for $`k=0,1,2`$ on $`N`$, taking $`|.|`$ using the metric $`r^2h`$ rather than $`h`$. Pulling back to $`B_3`$ using $`\mathrm{\Psi }_x`$ and using the fact that $`r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h)`$ is $`C^1`$ close to $`g_0`$, we can find $`E_8>0`$ depending on $`A_4,D_1,D_2`$ and $`m`$ such that $`\left|^k\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta )\right|_{g_0}E_8`$ on $`B_3`$ for $`k=0,1,2`$.

Combining this with (36) and $`r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h)g_0_{L_2^{2m}}D_1`$ we can find $`E_2>0`$ depending only on $`A_3,A_4,D_1,D_2`$ and $`m`$ such that the second equation of (27) holds. Therefore Proposition 5.12 gives $`E_3,E_4>0`$ such that (29) and (30) hold. Here $``$ and all norms are taken w.r.t. $`g_0`$ on $`B_3`$. But as $`r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h)g_0_{L_2^{2m}}D_1`$ we can increase $`E_3,E_4`$ to $`E_3^{},E_4^{}`$ depending only on $`E_3,E_4,D_1`$ and $`m`$ such that (29) and (30) hold with $``$ and all norms taken w.r.t. $`r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(h)`$ on $`B_3`$.

Pushing these inequalities forward with $`\mathrm{\Psi }_x`$ and remembering that $`\sigma =\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(u)`$ and $`\tau =r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(v)`$ gives

$`^2u|_{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_2)}_{L^2}`$ $`E_3^{}\left(r^1\mathrm{d}u|_{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)}_{L^2}+v|_{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)}_{L^2}\right)\text{and}`$ (37)
$`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill ^3u|_{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_2)}_{L^{2m}}& E_4^{}(r^{(m+3)/2}\mathrm{d}u|_{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)}_{L^2}\hfill \\ & +r^1v|_{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)}_{L^{2m}}+\mathrm{d}v|_{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)}_{L^{2m}}).\hfill \end{array}`$ (38)
Here $``$ and all norms are taken w.r.t. $`h`$, and the powers of $`r`$ compensate for the change of metrics from $`r^2h`$ to $`h`$, and the $`r^2`$ factor in $`\tau =r^2\mathrm{\Psi }_x^{}(v)`$.

Raising (37) and (38) to the powers $`2`$ and $`2m`$ respectively, we deduce

$`{\displaystyle _{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_2)}}|^2u|^2dV`$ $`2(E_3^{})^2{\displaystyle _{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)}}\left(r^2|\mathrm{d}u|^2+|v|^2\right)dV\text{and}`$
$`{\displaystyle _{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_2)}}|^3u|^{2m}`$ $`3^{2m1}(E_4^{})^{2m}r^{m(m+3)}\mathrm{d}u|_{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)}_{L^2}^{2m2}{\displaystyle _{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)}}|\mathrm{d}u|^2dV`$
$`+3^{2m1}(E_4^{})^{2m}{\displaystyle _{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)}}\left(r^{2m}|v|^{2m}+|\mathrm{d}v|^{2m}\right)dV,`$
since $`(a+b)^22(a^2+b^2)`$ and $`(a+b+c)^{2m}3^{2m1}(a^{2m}+b^{2m}+c^{2m})`$. As $`B_r(x)\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_2)\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)B_{4r}(x)`$ by Proposition 5.9 and $`\mathrm{d}u|_{\mathrm{\Psi }_x(B_3)}_{L^2}\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}`$, this gives

$`{\displaystyle _{B_r(x)}}|^2u|^2dV`$ $`2(E_3^{})^2{\displaystyle _{B_{4r}(x)}}\left(r^2|\mathrm{d}u|^2+|v|^2\right)dV\text{and}`$ (39)
$`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill {\displaystyle _{B_r(x)}}|^3u|^{2m}& 3^{2m1}(E_4^{})^{2m}r^{m(m+3)}\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}^{2m2}{\displaystyle _{B_{4r}(x)}}|\mathrm{d}u|^2dV\hfill \\ & +3^{2m1}(E_4^{})^{2m}{\displaystyle _{B_{4r}(x)}}\left(r^{2m}|v|^{2m}+|\mathrm{d}v|^{2m}\right)dV.\hfill \end{array}`$ (40)
Integrate (39) and (40) over $`xN`$. The left hand side of (39) gives

$`{\displaystyle _{xN}}{\displaystyle _{yB_r(x)}}|^2u|^2(y)dV_ydV_x`$ $`={\displaystyle _{yN}}{\displaystyle _{xB_r(y)}}|^2u|^2(y)dV_xdV_y`$
$`={\displaystyle _{yN}}vol\left(B_r(y)\right)|^2u|^2(y)\mathrm{d}V_y,`$
exchanging the order of integration of $`x,y`$ and noting that $`yB_r(x)`$ if and only if $`xB_r(y)`$. Using $`D_3t^mvol\left(B_r(y)\right)vol\left(B_{4r}(y)\right)D_4t^m`$ from Proposition 5.9, we get

$`{\displaystyle _N}D_3t^m|^2u|^2dV`$ $`2(E_3^{})^2{\displaystyle _N}D_4t^m\left(r^2|\mathrm{d}u|^2+|v|^2\right)dV\text{and}`$
$`{\displaystyle _N}D_3t^m|^3u|^{2m}`$ $`3^{2m1}(E_4^{})^{2m}r^{m(m+3)}\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}^{2m2}{\displaystyle _N}D_4t^m|\mathrm{d}u|^2dV`$
$`+3^{2m1}(E_4^{})^{2m}{\displaystyle _N}D_4t^m\left(r^{2m}|v|^{2m}+|\mathrm{d}v|^{2m}\right)dV,`$
or equivalently, dividing by $`D_3t^m`$ and substituting $`r=D_2t`$,

$`^2u_{L^2}^2`$ $`2D_3^1D_4(E_3^{})^2\left(D_2^2t^2\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}^2+v_{L^2}^2\right)\text{and}`$ (41)
$`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill ^3u_{L^{2m}}^{2m}& 3^{2m1}D_3^1D_4(E_4^{})^{2m}D_2^{m(m+3)}t^{m(m+3)}\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}^{2m}\hfill \\ & +3^{2m1}D_3^1D_4(E_4^{})^{2m}\left(D_2^{2m}t^{2m}v_{L^{2m}}^{2m}+\mathrm{d}v_{L^{2m}}^{2m}\right).\hfill \end{array}`$ (42)
Raising (41), (42) to the powers $`\frac{1}{2}`$, $`\frac{1}{2m}`$ and using $`(a+b)^{1/2}a^{1/2}+b^{1/2}`$ and $`(a+b+c)^{1/2m}a^{1/2m}+b^{1/2m}+c^{1/2m}`$ for $`a,b,c0`$ yields (34) and (35) with

$`C_7`$ $`=2^{1/2}D_3^{1/2}D_4^{1/2}E_3^{}\mathrm{max}(D_2^1,1)\text{and}`$
$`C_8`$ $`=3^{11/2m}D_3^{1/2m}D_4^{1/2m}E_4^{}\mathrm{max}(D_2^{(m+3)/2},D_2^1,1).`$
These depend only on $`A_3,A_4,A_5,A_6`$ and $`m`$, and the proof is complete. $`\mathrm{}`$

### 5.5 The proof of Theorem 5.3

We shall now prove Theorem 5.3. Let $`fC^{\mathrm{}}(N)`$, and apply Lemma 19 to the 1-form $`\alpha =\mathrm{d}f`$. As $`\mathrm{d}\alpha =0`$ automatically, the lemma shows that if $`\mathrm{d}f_{C^0}<A_1t`$ then $`\mathrm{\Phi }\left(\mathrm{\Gamma }(\mathrm{d}f)\right)`$ is special Lagrangian if and only if

$$\mathrm{d}^{}\left(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta \mathrm{d}f\right)=\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta +Q(\mathrm{d}f).$$
(43)
The idea of the proof is to construct by induction a sequence $`(f_n)_{n=0}^{\mathrm{}}`$ in $`C^{\mathrm{}}(N)`$ satisfying $`\mathrm{d}f_n_{C^0}<A_1t`$ and

$$\mathrm{d}^{}\left(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta \mathrm{d}f_n\right)=\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta +Q(\mathrm{d}f_{n1})$$
(44)
for $`n1`$. Then we prove using a priori estimates that the $`f_n`$ converge in $`L_3^{2m}(N)`$ to $`f`$ which satisfies (43), and finally we show that $`fC^{\mathrm{}}(N)`$ by elliptic regularity.

We start with two lemmas. The first follows from Aubin \[1, Th. 4.7\], and will give existence for $`f_n`$ in (44) by induction.

###### Lemma 5.14

For each $`vC^{\mathrm{}}(N)`$ with $`_NvdV=0`$ there exists a unique $`uC^{\mathrm{}}(N)`$ with $`_NudV=0`$ and $`\mathrm{d}^{}\left(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta \mathrm{d}u\right)=v`$.

###### Lemma 5.15

Let $`vC^{\mathrm{}}(N)`$ with $`\pi _W(v)=0`$ and $`wW`$. Then $`\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}+\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}2\mathrm{d}v+\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}`$.

Proof. Using integration by parts and Hölder’s inequality gives

$`\mathrm{d}v+\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}^2`$ $`=\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}^2+\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}^2+2\mathrm{d}v,\mathrm{d}w=\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}^2+\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}^2+2v,\mathrm{d}^{}\mathrm{d}w`$
$`\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}^2+\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}^22v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}\mathrm{d}^{}\mathrm{d}w_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}`$
$`\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}^2+\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}^22A_7\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}\frac{1}{2}A_7^1\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}`$
$`=\frac{1}{4}\left(\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}+\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}\right)^2,`$
by parts (vi), (vii) of Theorem 5.3. The lemma follows. $`\mathrm{}`$

The following proposition constructs the sequence $`(f_n)_{n=0}^{\mathrm{}}`$ and proves the a priori estimates we need. At various points in its proof we shall need $`t`$ to be smaller than some positive constant defined in terms of $`\kappa `$ and $`A_1,\mathrm{},A_8`$. As a shorthand we will simply say that this holds as $`tϵ`$, and suppose without remark that $`ϵ>0`$ has been chosen so that the relevant restriction holds.

The constants $`C_1,\mathrm{},C_8>0`$ appearing in the proposition and proof are those of Propositions 5.8, 5.11 and 5.13. Note that as $`C_1,\mathrm{},C_8`$ depend only on $`A_1,\mathrm{},A_7`$ and $`m`$, it is all right for $`ϵ,K,F_2,\mathrm{},F_5`$ to depend on them.

###### Proposition 5.16

There exist $`ϵ,K,F_1,\mathrm{},F_4>0`$ depending only on $`m,\kappa `$ and $`A_1,\mathrm{},A_8`$, such that if $`0<tϵ`$ then there is a unique sequence $`(f_n)_{n=0}^{\mathrm{}}`$ in $`C^{\mathrm{}}(N)`$ with $`f_0=0`$ satisfying (44) and $`_Nf_ndV=0`$ for all $`n1`$ and

$$\begin{array}{cccc}(\mathrm{A})\hfill & \mathrm{d}f_n_{L^2}F_1t^{\kappa +m/2},\hfill & (\mathrm{a})\hfill & \mathrm{d}f_n\mathrm{d}f_{n1}_{L^2}F_12^nt^{\kappa +m/2},\hfill \\ (\mathrm{B})\hfill & \mathrm{d}f_n_{C^0}Kt^\kappa C_1t,\hfill & (\mathrm{b})\hfill & \mathrm{d}f_n\mathrm{d}f_{n1}_{C^0}K2^nt^\kappa ,\hfill \\ (\mathrm{C})\hfill & ^2f_n_{L^2}F_2t^{\kappa +m/21},\hfill & (\mathrm{c})\hfill & ^2f_n^2f_{n1}_{L^2}F_22^nt^{\kappa +m/21},\hfill \\ (\mathrm{D})\hfill & ^2f_n_{C^0}F_3t^{\kappa 1}C_2,\hfill & (\mathrm{d})\hfill & ^2f_n^2f_{n1}_{C^0}F_32^nt^{\kappa 1},\hfill \\ (\mathrm{E})\hfill & ^3f_n_{L^{2m}}F_4t^{\kappa 3/2},\hfill & (\mathrm{e})\hfill & ^3f_n^3f_{n1}_{L^{2m}}F_42^nt^{\kappa 3/2}.\hfill \end{array}$$

Proof. First note that as $`f_0=0`$ we have $`f_k=_{n=1}^k(f_nf_{n1})`$. Suppose that (a) holds for $`n=1,\mathrm{},k`$. Then we have

$$\mathrm{d}f_k_{L^2}\underset{n=1}{\overset{k}{}}\mathrm{d}f_n\mathrm{d}f_{n1}_{L^2}F_1t^{\kappa +m/2}\underset{n=1}{\overset{k}{}}2^nF_1t^{\kappa +m/2}.$$

Therefore (a) for $`n=1,\mathrm{},k`$ implies (A) for $`n=k`$. In the same way, (b)–(e) for $`n=1,\mathrm{},k`$ imply (B)–(E) for $`n=k`$. The extra inequalities $`Kt^\kappa C_1t`$ and $`F_3t^{\kappa 1}C_2`$ in (B), (D) hold as $`\kappa >1`$ and $`tϵ`$.

Next suppose that $`f_1,\mathrm{},f_n`$ exist and (a), (c), (e) hold for $`n`$, for some $`F_1,F_2,F_4>0`$ depending only on $`m,\kappa ,A_1,\mathrm{},A_8`$. We shall prove (b), (d) for $`n`$. Apply Proposition 5.11 to $`\alpha =\mathrm{d}f_n\mathrm{d}f_{n1}`$. Equation (26) yields

$`^2f_n^2f_{n1}_{C^0}`$ $`C_6\left(t^{1/2}^3f_n^3f_{n1}_{L^{2m}}+t^{m/2}^2f_n^2f_{n1}_{L^2}\right)`$
$`C_6\left(t^{1/2}F_42^nt^{\kappa 3/2}+t^{m/2}F_22^nt^{\kappa +m/21}\right)=F_32^nt^{\kappa 1}`$
for $`n`$ by parts (c), (e), where $`F_3=C_6(F_4+F_2)`$. This proves (d). Similarly, (25) and parts (a), (d) prove part (b), with $`K=C_5(F_3+F_1)`$.

Therefore, to complete the proof we only need to show that a unique sequence $`(f_n)_{n=0}^{\mathrm{}}`$ exists and satisfies (44), $`_Nf_ndV=0`$ and parts (a), (c) and (e) for all $`n1`$. We will do this by induction on $`n`$. The first step is the case $`n=1`$. As $`f_0=0`$ and $`Q(0)=0`$ by Lemma 19, equation (44) gives

$$\mathrm{d}^{}\left(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta \mathrm{d}f_1\right)=\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta .$$
(45)
As in the proof of Lemma 19 $`_N\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta \mathrm{d}V=0`$, so Lemma 5.14 shows there exists a unique $`f_1C^{\mathrm{}}(N)`$ satisfying (45) and $`_Nf_1dV=0`$.

Let $`w=\pi _W(f_1)`$. Multiplying (45) by $`f_1`$ and integrating over $`N`$ yields

$`\frac{1}{2}A_3^m`$ $`\mathrm{d}f_1_{L^2}^2{\displaystyle _N}\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta |\mathrm{d}f_1|^2\mathrm{d}V={\displaystyle _N}f_1\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta \mathrm{d}V`$
$`={\displaystyle _N}(f_1w)\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta \mathrm{d}V+{\displaystyle _N}w\pi _W(\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta )dV`$
$`f_1w_{L^{2m/(m2)}}\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta _{L^{2m/(m+2)}}+w_{C^0}\pi _W(\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta )_{L^1}`$
$`A_7\mathrm{d}f_1\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}A_2t^{\kappa +m/2}+A_8t^{1m/2}\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}A_2t^{\kappa +m1}`$
$`A_72\mathrm{d}f_1_{L^2}A_2t^{\kappa +m/2}+A_8t^{1m/2}2\mathrm{d}f_1_{L^2}A_2t^{\kappa +m1}.`$
Here the first line uses part (ii) of Theorem 5.3 and $`\mathrm{cos}\theta \frac{1}{2}`$ from Definition 5.2, the second the fact that $`w,\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta =w,\pi _W(\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta )`$ as $`wW`$, the third Hölder’s inequality, the fourth parts (i), (vi) and (vii) of Theorem 5.3, and the fifth Lemma 5.15 with $`v=f_1w`$. Therefore $`\mathrm{d}f_1_{L^2}4A_2A_3^m(A_7+A_8)t^{\kappa +m/2}`$, which proves part (a) for $`n=1`$ with $`F_1=8A_2A_3^m(A_7+A_8)`$.

Now apply Proposition 5.13 with $`u=f_1`$ and $`v=\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta `$ by (45), to get

$`^2f_1_{L^2}`$ $`C_7\left(t^1\mathrm{d}f_1_{L^2}+\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta _{L^2}\right)`$
$`C_7\left(t^1\frac{1}{2}F_1t^{\kappa +m/2}+A_2t^{\kappa +m/21}\right)=\frac{1}{2}F_2t^{\kappa +m/21}\text{and}`$
$`^3f_1_{L^{2m}}`$ $`C_8\left(t^{(m+3)/2}\mathrm{d}f_1_{L^2}+t^1\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta _{L^{2m}}+\mathrm{d}\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta _{L^{2m}}\right)`$
$`C_8\left(t^{(m+3)/2}\frac{1}{2}F_1t^{\kappa +m/2}+t^1A_2t^{\kappa 1/2}+A_2t^{\kappa 3/2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}F_4t^{\kappa 3/2},`$
where $`F_2=C_7(F_1+2A_2)`$ and $`F_4=C_8(F_1+4A_2)`$. Here we have used (a) when $`n=1`$ and part (i) of Theorem 5.3, noting that $`\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta _{L^{2m/(m+2)}}A_2t^{\kappa +m/2}`$ and $`\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta _{C^0}A_2t^{\kappa 1}`$ imply that $`\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta _{L^2}A_2t^{\kappa +m/21}`$ and $`\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta _{L^{2m}}A_2t^{\kappa 1/2}`$ by interpolation. This proves (c) and (e) for $`n=1`$, completing the first step.

For the inductive step, suppose by induction that $`k1`$ and that $`f_1,\mathrm{},f_k`$ exist and satisfy (44), $`_Nf_ndV=0`$, (A)–(E) and (a)–(e) for $`n=1,\mathrm{},k`$. We shall show that there exists a unique $`f_{k+1}`$ satisfying (44), $`_Nf_ndV=0`$ and parts (a), (c) and (e) for $`n=k+1`$.

By (B) we have $`\mathrm{d}f_k_{C^0}C_1t`$, and $`C_1<A_1`$ by Proposition 5.8, so $`\mathrm{d}f_k_{C^0}<A_1t`$, and $`Q(\mathrm{d}f_k)`$ is well-defined. Also $`_NQ(\mathrm{d}f_k)dV=0`$ by Lemma 19, and $`_N\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta \mathrm{d}V=0`$ as above. Therefore by Lemma 5.14 there exists a unique $`f_{k+1}C^{\mathrm{}}(N)`$ satisfying (44) for $`n=k+1`$ and $`_Nf_{k+1}dV=0`$.

Let $`u=f_{k+1}f_k`$. Subtracting (44) for $`n=k+1`$, $`n=k`$ gives

$$\mathrm{d}^{}\left(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta \mathrm{d}u\right)=\mathrm{d}^{}\left(\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta (\mathrm{d}f_{k+1}\mathrm{d}f_k)\right)=Q(\mathrm{d}f_k)Q(\mathrm{d}f_{k1})=v,$$
(46)
say. We shall estimate some norms of $`v`$.

###### Lemma 5.17

There exist $`G_1,G_2>0`$ depending only on $`C_3,C_4,K,F_1,\mathrm{},F_4`$ and $`m`$ such that $`v_{L^p}G_12^kt^{2\kappa +m/p2}`$ for $`p1`$, $`v_{C^0}G_12^kt^{2\kappa 2}`$ and $`\mathrm{d}v_{L^{2m}}G_22^kt^{2\kappa 5/2}`$.

Proof. Observe that (B) and (D) for $`n=k,k1`$ give

$$\mathrm{d}f_k_{C^0},\mathrm{d}f_{k1}_{C^0}C_1t\text{and}^2f_k_{C^0},^2f_{k1}_{C^0}C_2.$$

So we may apply Proposition 5.8 with $`\alpha =\mathrm{d}f_k`$ and $`\beta =\mathrm{d}f_{k1}`$, and (20) gives

$$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill |v|C_3& (t^1|\mathrm{d}f_k\mathrm{d}f_{k1}|+|^2f_k^2f_{k1}|)\hfill \\ & \left(t^1|\mathrm{d}f_k|+t^1|\mathrm{d}f_{k1}|+|^2f_k|+|^2f_{k1}|\right).\hfill \end{array}$$
(47)
Integrating (47) over $`N`$ and using parts (A), (C), (a), (c) for $`n=k,k1`$ shows that $`v_{L^1}4C_3(F_1+F_2)^22^kt^{2\kappa +m2}`$. Taking the supremum of (47) over $`N`$ and using parts (B), (D), (b), (d) for $`n=k,k1`$ gives $`v_{C^0}4C_3(K+F_3)^22^kt^{2\kappa 2}`$. Define $`G_1=4C_3\mathrm{max}((F_1+F_2)^2,(K+F_3)^2)`$. Then $`v_{L^1}G_12^kt^{2\kappa +m2}`$ and $`v_{C^0}G_12^kt^{2\kappa 2}`$, so $`v_{L^p}G_12^kt^{2\kappa +m/p2}`$ for $`p1`$ by interpolation. A similar but longer proof using (21) and (A)–(E), (a)–(e) for $`n=k,k1`$ gives $`G_2`$ with $`\mathrm{d}v_{L^{2m}}G_22^kt^{2\kappa 5/2}`$. $`\mathrm{}`$

Let $`w=\pi _W(u)`$. Multiplying (46) by $`u`$ and integrating over $`N`$ yields

$`\frac{1}{2}A_3^m`$ $`\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}^2{\displaystyle _N}\psi ^m\mathrm{cos}\theta |\mathrm{d}u|^2\mathrm{d}V={\displaystyle _N}uvdV={\displaystyle _N}(uw)vdV+{\displaystyle _N}wvdV`$
$`uw_{L^{2m/(m2)}}v_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}+w_{C^0}v_{L^1}`$
$`A_7\mathrm{d}u\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}G_12^kt^{2\kappa +m/21}+A_8t^{1m/2}\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}G_12^kt^{2\kappa +m2}`$
$`A_72\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}G_12^kt^{2\kappa +m/21}+A_8t^{1m/2}2\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}G_12^kt^{2\kappa +m2}.`$
Here the first line uses part (ii) of Theorem 5.3 and $`\mathrm{cos}\theta \frac{1}{2}`$ from Definition 5.2, the second Hölder’s inequality, the third parts (vi) and (vii) of Theorem 5.3 and Lemma 5.17, and the fourth Lemma 5.15 with $`uw`$ in place of $`v`$.

Cancelling shows that $`\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}4G_1A_3^m(A_7+A_8)2^kt^{2\kappa +m/21}`$. As $`u=f_{k+1}f_k`$ and $`F_1=8A_2A_3^m(A_7+A_8)`$, this implies part (a) with $`n=k+1`$ if $`t^{\kappa 1}G_1A_2`$, which is true as $`\kappa >1`$ and $`tϵ`$. Now apply Proposition 5.13 to (46), so that (34), part (a) with $`n=k+1`$ and Lemma 5.17 give

$`^2f_{k+1}^2f_k_{L^2}`$ $`C_7\left(t^1\mathrm{d}f_{k+1}\mathrm{d}f_k_{L^2}+v_{L^2}\right)`$
$`C_7\left(t^1F_12^{k1}t^{\kappa +m/2}+G_12^kt^{2\kappa +m/22}\right).`$
Since $`F_2=C_7(F_1+2A_2)`$, this implies part (c) with $`n=k+1`$ if $`G_1t^{\kappa 1}A_2`$, which is true as $`\kappa >1`$ and $`tϵ`$.

In the same way, from (35), part (a) with $`n=k+1`$ and Lemma 5.17 we get

$$^3f_{k+1}^3f_k_{L^{2m}}C_8\left(t^{(m+3)/2}\mathrm{d}f_{k+1}\mathrm{d}f_k_{L^2}+t^1v_{L^{2m}}+\mathrm{d}v_{L^{2m}}\right)$$

$$C_8\left(t^{(m+3)/2}F_12^{k1}t^{\kappa +m/2}+t^1G_12^kt^{2\kappa 3/2}+G_22^kt^{2\kappa 5/2}\right).$$

As $`F_4=C_8(F_1+4A_2)`$, this implies (e) with $`n=k+1`$ if $`(G_1+G_2)t^{\kappa 1}2A_2`$, which holds as $`\kappa >1`$ and $`tϵ`$. This completes the inductive step, and the proof. $`\mathrm{}`$

We can now finish the proof of Theorem 5.3. If $`uC^1(N)`$ and $`_NudV=0`$ then $`u(x)=0`$ for some $`xN`$. If $`yN`$, then $`x`$ and $`y`$ are joined by a smooth path $`\gamma `$ in $`N`$ of length no more than $`diam(N)`$, the diameter of $`N`$. Integrating along $`\gamma `$ shows that $`\left|u(y)\right|diam(N)\mathrm{d}u_{C^0}`$. Hence $`u_{C^0}diam(N)\mathrm{d}u_{C^0}`$.

Applying this to part (b) of Proposition 5.16 gives

$$f_nf_{n1}_{C^0}Kdiam(N)2^nt^\kappa \text{for }n1\text{.}$$

Combining this with parts (b) and (d) shows that $`(f_n)_{n=0}^{\mathrm{}}`$ is a Cauchy sequence in the Banach space $`C^2(N)`$. Let $`f`$ be the limit of $`(f_n)_{n=0}^{\mathrm{}}`$ in $`C^2(N)`$.

Part (B) gives $`\mathrm{d}f_n_{C^0}Kt^\kappa C_1t<A_1t`$, as $`C_1<A_1`$ by Proposition 5.8. Taking the limit as $`n\mathrm{}`$ gives $`\mathrm{d}f_{C^0}Kt^\kappa <A_1t`$. Therefore $`Q(\mathrm{d}f)`$ is well-defined. Since $`Q(\alpha )`$ depends pointwise on $`\alpha ,\alpha `$ and $`f_nf`$ in $`C^2(N)`$ it follows that $`Q(\mathrm{d}f_n)Q(\mathrm{d}f)`$ in $`C^0(N)`$ as $`n\mathrm{}`$. So taking the limit $`n\mathrm{}`$ in (44) we see that (43) holds for $`f`$.

By Definition 5.3 and Proposition 5.6, equation (43) is equivalent to

$$F^{}(x,\mathrm{d}f(x),^2f(x))0.$$
(48)
This is a second-order nonlinear elliptic equation on $`f`$. Note that $`F^{}`$ is not linear in $`^2f(x)`$, so that (48) is not quasilinear, and that $`F^{}`$ is a smooth function of its arguments. Now Aubin \[1, Th. 3.56\] gives a regularity result for $`C^2`$ solutions of such equations, which implies that $`fC^{\mathrm{}}(N)`$, as we wish.

We have constructed $`ϵ,K>0`$ in Proposition 5.16 depending only on $`m,\kappa `$ and $`A_1,\mathrm{},A_8`$, and $`fC^{\mathrm{}}(N)`$ with $`\mathrm{d}f_{C^0}Kt^\kappa <A_1t`$ satisfying (43). Taking the limit $`n\mathrm{}`$ in $`_Nf_ndV=0`$ yields $`_NfdV=0`$. Finally, (43) and Lemma 19 show that $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{}\left(\mathrm{\Gamma }(\mathrm{d}f)\right)`$ is an immersed special Lagrangian $`m`$-fold in $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$. This concludes the proof of Theorem 5.3.

## 6 Desingularization: the simplest case

Let $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$ be an almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold, $`X`$ be a compact SL $`m`$-fold in $`M`$ with conical singularities at $`x_1,\mathrm{},x_n`$ with cones $`C_i`$, and $`L_1,\mathrm{},L_n`$ be AC SL $`m`$-folds in $`^m`$, where $`L_i`$ has cone $`C_i`$ and rate $`\lambda _i`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$. The goal of the rest of the paper is to desingularize $`X`$ by ‘gluing’ $`L_1,\mathrm{},L_n`$ in at $`x_1,\mathrm{},x_n`$, to produce a family of compact, nonsingular SL $`m`$-folds $`\stackrel{~}{N}^t`$ for $`t(0,ϵ]`$, which converge to $`X`$ as $`t0`$ in an appropriate sense.

Very briefly, we do this by first shrinking $`L_i`$ by a small factor $`t>0`$ and gluing $`tL_i`$ into $`X`$ at $`x_i`$ to make a family of compact Lagrangian $`m`$-folds $`N^t`$ for $`t(0,\delta )`$, and then applying Theorem 5.3 to show that $`N^t`$ can be deformed to a nearby SL $`m`$-fold $`\stackrel{~}{N}^t`$ when $`0<tϵ<\delta `$. Now to do this in full generality is rather complex. Therefore we begin in this section with the easiest case, in which $`\lambda _i<0`$ for all $`i`$ and $`X^{}=X\{x_1,\mathrm{},x_n\}`$ is connected.

As explained in §1, this simplifies the problem, avoiding issues of small eigenvalues and obstructions to the existence of $`N^t`$ from global symplectic topology. Section 7 will extend the results to the case when $`X^{}`$ is not connected. The sequel  will study the case when $`\lambda _i=0`$ and $`Y(L_i)0`$, and extend the results to families of almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-folds $`(M,J^s,\omega ^s,\mathrm{\Omega }^s)`$ for $`s`$.

### 6.1 Setting up the problem

We shall consider the following situation.

Definition 6.1  Let $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$ be an almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold with metric $`g`$, and define $`\psi :M(0,\mathrm{})`$ as in (3). Let $`X`$ be a compact SL $`m`$-fold in $`M`$ with conical singularities at $`x_1,\mathrm{},x_n`$ with identifications $`\upsilon _1,\mathrm{},\upsilon _n`$, cones $`C_1,\mathrm{},C_n`$ and rates $`\mu _1,\mathrm{},\mu _n(2,3)`$, as in Definition 5. Define $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i=C_i𝒮^{2m1}`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$. Let $`L_1,\mathrm{},L_n`$ be AC SL $`m`$-folds in $`^m`$, where $`L_i`$ has cone $`C_i`$ and rate $`\lambda _i`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, as in Definition 10. Suppose that $`\lambda _i<\frac{1}{2}(2m)`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$.

We use the following notation:

* Let $`R,B_R,X^{}`$ and $`\iota _i,\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ be as in Definition 5.
* Let $`\zeta `$ and $`U_{C_i},\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ be as in Theorem 3.6.
* Let $`R^{},K`$ and $`\varphi _i,\eta _i,\eta _i^1,\eta _i^2,S_i`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ be as in Theorem 3.7.
* Let $`U_X^{},\mathrm{\Phi }_X^{}`$ be as in Theorem 3.9.
* Let $`A_i`$ be as in Theorem 3.8 for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, so that $`\eta _i=\mathrm{d}A_i`$.
* Apply Theorem 4.5 to $`L_i`$ with $`\zeta ,U_{C_i},\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}`$ as above, for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$. Let $`T>0`$ be as in the theorem, the same for all $`i`$. Let the subset $`K_iL_i`$, the diffeomorphism $`\phi _i:\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (T,\mathrm{})L_iK_i`$ and the 1-form $`\chi _i`$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (T,\mathrm{})`$ with components $`\chi _i^1,\chi _i^2`$ be as in Theorem 4.5.
* Let $`U_{L_i},\mathrm{\Phi }_{L_i}`$ be as in Theorem 4.7 for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$.
* Let $`E_iC^{\mathrm{}}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (T,\mathrm{})\right)`$ be as in Theorem 4.6 for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$.

In §6.4–§6.5 we will also suppose that $`X^{}`$ is connected, and in §6.5 we will relax the condition $`\lambda _i<\frac{1}{2}(2m)`$ to $`\lambda _i<0`$ using Theorem 4.6. With this notation, we define a family of Lagrangian $`m`$-folds $`N^t`$ in $`(M,\omega )`$ for $`t(0,\delta )`$.

Definition 6.2  In the situation of Definition 6.1, choose a smooth, increasing function $`F:(0,\mathrm{})[0,1]`$ with $`F(r)0`$ for $`r(0,1)`$ and $`F(r)1`$ for $`r>2`$. Write $`F^{}`$ for $`\mathrm{d}F/\mathrm{d}r`$. Let $`t>0`$ act as a dilation $`𝐱t𝐱`$ on $`^m`$. Write $`tK_i,tL_i`$ for the images of $`K_i,L_i`$ under $`t`$, so that $`tK_i=\{t𝐱:𝐱K_i\}`$, and so on. Let $`\tau (0,1)`$ satisfy

$$\underset{i=1,\mathrm{},n}{\mathrm{max}}\left(\frac{m+2}{2\mu _i+m2}\right)<\tau <1,$$
(49)
which is possible as $`\mu _i>2`$ implies $`(m+2)/(2\mu _i+m2)<1`$.

For $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ and small enough $`t>0`$, define $`P_i^t=\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i(tK_i)`$. This is well-defined if $`tK_iB_R^m`$, and is a compact submanifold of $`M`$ with boundary, diffeomorphic to $`K_i`$. As $`K_i`$ is Lagrangian in $`(^m,\omega ^{})`$ and $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(\omega )=\omega ^{}`$, we see that $`P_i^t`$ is Lagrangian in $`(M,\omega )`$.

For $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ and $`t>0`$ with $`tT<t^\tau <2t^\tau <R^{}`$, define a 1-form $`\xi _i^t`$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,R^{})`$ by

$$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill \xi _i^t(\sigma ,r)& =\mathrm{d}\left[F(t^\tau r)A_i(\sigma ,r)+t^2(1F(t^\tau r))E_i(\sigma ,t^1r)\right]\hfill \\ & =F(t^\tau r)\eta _i(\sigma ,r)+t^\tau F^{}(t^\tau r)A_i(\sigma ,r)\mathrm{d}r\hfill \\ & +t^2(1F(t^\tau r))\chi _i(\sigma ,t^1r)t^{2\tau }F^{}(t^\tau r)E_i(\sigma ,t^1r)\mathrm{d}r.\hfill \end{array}$$
(50)
Let $`\xi _i^{1,t},\xi _i^{2,t}`$ be the components of $`\xi _i^t`$ in $`T^{}\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ and $``$, as for $`\eta _i,\chi _i`$ in Theorems 3.7 and 4.5. Note that when $`r2t^\tau `$ we have $`F(t^\tau r)1`$ so that $`\xi _i^t(\sigma ,r)=\eta _i(\sigma ,r)`$, and when $`rt^\tau `$ we have $`F(t^\tau r)0`$, so that $`\xi _i^t(\sigma ,r)=t^2\chi _i(\sigma ,t^1r)`$. Thus $`\xi _i^t`$ is an exact 1-form which interpolates between $`\eta _i(\sigma ,r)`$ near $`r=R^{}`$ and $`t^2\chi _i(\sigma ,t^1r)`$ near $`r=tT`$.

Choose $`\delta (0,1]`$ with $`\delta T\delta ^\tau <2\delta ^\tau R^{}`$ and $`\delta K_iB_R^m`$ and

$$\left|\xi _i^t(\sigma ,r)\right|<\zeta r\text{on }\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,R^{})\text{ for all }i=1,\mathrm{},n\text{ and }t(0,\delta )\text{.}$$
(51)
Here $`t(0,\delta )`$ and $`\delta T\delta ^\tau <2\delta ^\tau R^{}`$ imply that $`tT<t^\tau <2t^\tau <R^{}`$, so $`\xi _i^t`$ exists. As $`|\eta _i(\sigma ,r)|<\zeta r`$ in Theorem 3.7 and $`\xi _i^t\eta _i`$ when $`r2t^\tau `$, equation (51) holds automatically on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times [2t^\tau ,R^{})`$. Similarly, as $`\left|\chi _i(\sigma ,r)\right|<\zeta r`$ in Theorem 4.5 and $`\xi _i^t(\sigma ,r)=t^2\chi _i(\sigma ,t^1r)`$ when $`rt^\tau `$, equation (51) holds on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau ]`$. We can show using (7), (12) and (50) that (51) holds on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (t^\tau ,2t^\tau )`$ for small enough $`t>0`$, so $`\delta `$ exists.

For $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ and $`t(0,\delta )`$, define $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t:\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,R^{})M`$ by

$$\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t(\sigma ,r)=\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}(\sigma ,r,\xi _i^{1,t}(\sigma ,r),\xi _i^{2,t}(\sigma ,r)).$$
(52)
Then $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}(\mathrm{})`$ is well-defined as $`\left|\xi _i^t(\sigma ,r)\right|<\zeta r`$ by (51), and making $`R^{}`$ smaller if necessary we can ensure that $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}(\mathrm{})`$ lies in $`B_R`$, so $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t`$ is well-defined, and is an embedding as $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i,\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}`$ are.

Define $`Q_i^t=\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,R^{})\right)`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ and $`t(0,\delta )`$. As $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(\omega )=\omega ^{}`$, $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}^{}(\omega ^{})=\widehat{\omega }`$ and $`\xi _i^t`$ is a closed 1-form we see that $`(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(\omega )0`$. Thus $`Q_i^t`$ is Lagrangian in $`(M,\omega )`$, and is a noncompact embedded submanifold diffeomorphic to $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,R^{})`$. For $`t(0,\delta )`$, define $`N^t`$ to be the disjoint union of $`K`$, $`P_1^t,\mathrm{},P_n^t`$ and $`Q_1^t,\mathrm{},Q_n^t`$, where $`KX^{}`$ is as above.

Then $`N^t`$ is Lagrangian in $`(M,\omega )`$, as $`K,P_i^t`$ and $`Q_i^t`$ are. We claim that $`N^t`$ is a compact, smooth submanifold of $`M`$ without boundary. That is, the boundary $`P_i^t\mathrm{\Sigma }_i`$ joins smoothly onto $`Q_i^t\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,R^{})`$ at the $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times \{tT\}`$ end, and the boundary $`K`$ is the disjoint union of pieces $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ which join smoothly onto $`Q_i^t\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,R^{})`$ at the $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times \{R^{}\}`$ end.

To see this, note that $`\xi _i^t(\sigma ,r)=t^2\chi _i(\sigma ,t^1r)`$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau ]`$, and so

$`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t(\sigma ,r)`$ $`=\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}(\sigma ,r,t^2\chi _i^1(\sigma ,t^1r),t\chi _i^2(\sigma ,t^1r))`$
$`=\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\left(t\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}(\sigma ,t^1r,\chi _i^1(\sigma ,t^1r),\chi _i^2(\sigma ,t^1r))\right)=\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\left(t\phi _i(\sigma ,t^1r)\right)`$
on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau ]`$, using (11) and the dilation equivariance of $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}`$ in Theorem 3.6. Thus the end $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau ]\right)`$ of $`Q_i^t`$ is $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\left(t\phi _i(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (T,t^{\tau 1}])\right)\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i(tL_i)`$, and as $`\phi _i\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (T,t^{\tau 1}]\right)L_i`$ joins smoothly onto $`K_iL_i`$ we see that $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau ]\right)Q_i^t`$ joins smoothly onto $`P_i^t=\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i(tK_i)`$.

In the same way, as $`\xi _i^t\eta _i`$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times [2t^\tau ,R^{})`$ Theorem 3.7 gives

$$\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t(\sigma ,r)=\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}(\sigma ,r,\eta _i^1(\sigma ,r),\eta _i^2(\sigma ,r))=\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\varphi _i(\sigma ,r)\text{on}\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times [2t^\tau ,R^{}),$$

so $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times [2t^\tau ,R^{})\right)Q_i^t`$ is $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\varphi _i(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times [2t^\tau ,R^{})))S_iX^{}`$, which joins smoothly onto $`K`$. Therefore $`N^t`$ is compact and smooth without boundary.

Here $`N^t`$ depends smoothly on $`t`$, and converges to the singular SL $`m`$-fold $`X`$ in $`M`$ as $`t0`$, in the sense of currents in Geometric Measure Theory. Also $`N^t`$ is equal to $`X^{}`$ in $`K`$ and the annuli $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times [2t^\tau ,R^{})\right)Q_i^t`$, and equal to $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i(tL_i)`$ on $`P_i^t=\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i(tK_i)`$ and the annuli $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau ]\right)Q_i^t`$. In between, on the annuli $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (t^\tau ,2t^\tau )\right)Q_i^t`$, $`N^t`$ interpolates smoothly between $`X^{}`$ and $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i(tL_i)`$ as a Lagrangian submanifold.

At several points later on we shall make $`\delta >0`$ smaller if necessary to ensure that something works for all $`t(0,\delta )`$. This is for simplicity, to avoid introducing a series of further constants $`\delta ^{},\delta ^{\prime \prime },\mathrm{}`$ in $`(0,\delta )`$.

### 6.2 Estimating $`Im\mathrm{\Omega }|_{N^t}`$

We now prove estimates for $`Im\mathrm{\Omega }|_{N^t}`$, to use in part (i) of Theorem 5.3. Here is some more notation.

Definition 6.3  In the situation of Definitions 6.1 and 6.1, let $`h^t`$ be the restriction of $`g`$ to $`N^t`$ for $`t(0,\delta )`$, so that $`(N^t,h^t)`$ is a compact Riemannian manifold. As $`X^{},L_i`$ are SL $`m`$-folds they are oriented, and $`N^t`$ is made by gluing $`X^{},L_1,\mathrm{},L_n`$ together in an orientation-preserving way, so $`N^t`$ is also oriented. Let $`\mathrm{d}V^t`$ be the volume form on $`N^t`$ induced by $`h^t`$ and this orientation. As in (15) we may write $`\mathrm{\Omega }|_{N^t}=\psi ^m\mathrm{e}^{i\theta ^t}\mathrm{d}V^t`$ for some phase function $`\mathrm{e}^{i\theta ^t}`$ on $`N^t`$. Write $`\epsilon ^t=\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t`$, so that $`Im\mathrm{\Omega }|_{N^t}=\epsilon ^t\mathrm{d}V^t`$ for $`t(0,\delta )`$.

We compute bounds for $`\epsilon ^t`$ at each point in $`N^t`$.

###### Proposition 6.4

In the situation above, making $`\delta >0`$ smaller if necessary, there exists $`C>0`$ such that for all $`t(0,\delta )`$ we have $`\epsilon ^t=0`$ on $`K`$, the pull-back $`(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(\epsilon ^t)`$ of $`\epsilon ^t`$ on $`Q_i^t`$ satisfies

$`\left|(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(\epsilon ^t)\right|(\sigma ,r)`$ $`\{\begin{array}{cc}Cr,\hfill & r(tT,t^\tau ],\hfill \\ Ct^{\tau (\mu _i2)}+Ct^{(1\tau )(2\lambda _i)},^{}\hfill & r(t^\tau ,2t^\tau ),\hfill \\ 0,\hfill & r[2t^\tau ,R^{}),\hfill \end{array}`$ (53)
$`\left|(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(\mathrm{d}\epsilon ^t)\right|(\sigma ,r)`$ $`\{\begin{array}{cc}C,\hfill & r(tT,t^\tau ],\hfill \\ Ct^{\tau (\mu _i3)}+Ct^{(1\tau )(2\lambda _i)\tau },\hfill & r(t^\tau ,2t^\tau ),\hfill \\ 0,\hfill & r[2t^\tau ,R^{}),\hfill \end{array}`$ (54)
$`\text{and}|\epsilon ^t|`$ $`Ct,|\mathrm{d}\epsilon ^t|C\text{on }P_i^t\text{ for all }i=1,\mathrm{},n\text{.}`$ (55)
Here $`|.|`$ is computed using the metrics $`(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(h^t)`$ in (54) and $`h^t`$ in (55).

Proof. Since $`N^t`$ coincides with $`X^{}`$ in $`K`$ and $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times [2t^\tau ,R^{})\right)`$, and $`Im\mathrm{\Omega }|_X^{}`$ as $`X^{}`$ is special Lagrangian, we see that $`\epsilon ^t0`$ on $`K`$ and $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times [2t^\tau ,R^{})\right)`$, giving the bottom lines of (53) and (54).

As $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(Im\mathrm{\Omega })`$ is a smooth $`m`$-form on $`B_R`$ and $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(Im\mathrm{\Omega })|_0=\upsilon _i^{}(Im\mathrm{\Omega })=\psi (x_i)^mIm\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$ by Definition 5, we see that $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(Im\mathrm{\Omega })=\psi (x_i)^mIm\mathrm{\Omega }^{}+O(r)`$ on $`B_R`$, by Taylor’s Theorem. Since $`tL_i`$ is special Lagrangian in $`^m`$ we have $`Im\mathrm{\Omega }^{}|_{tL_i}0`$. Thus

$$\left|\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(Im\mathrm{\Omega })|_{tL_i}\right|=O(r)\text{on }tL_iB_R\text{,}$$
(56)
computing $`|.|`$ using the metric $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(g)`$ on $`B_R`$, restricted to $`tL_i`$.

Now $`N^t`$ coincides with $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i(tL_i)`$ on $`P_i^t`$ and $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau ]\right)`$, so $`\epsilon ^t\mathrm{d}V^t=Im\mathrm{\Omega }|_{\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i(tL_i)}`$ on these regions. As $`h^t`$ is the restriction of $`g`$ to $`N^t`$ we have $`|\mathrm{d}V^t|=1`$, computing $`|.|`$ using $`g`$, so

$$\left|\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(\epsilon ^t)\right|=\left|\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(Im\mathrm{\Omega })|_{tL_i}\right|\text{on }t(K\phi _i(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (T,t^{\tau 1}])tL_iB_R\text{.}$$
(57)
Combining (56) and (57) gives $`\left|\epsilon ^t\right|=O\left((\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i)_{}(r)\right)`$ on $`P_i^t`$ and $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau ]\right)`$. As $`(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i)_{}(r)=O(t)`$ on $`P_i^t`$, we see that

$$\left|(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(\epsilon ^t)\right|(\sigma ,r)=O(r)\text{for }r(tT,t^\tau ]\text{, and}|\epsilon ^t|=O(t)\text{on }P_i^t\text{.}$$
(58)
A similar argument for the derivative $`\mathrm{d}\epsilon ^t`$ gives

$$\left|(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(\mathrm{d}\epsilon ^t)\right|(\sigma ,r)=O(1)\text{for }r(tT,t^\tau ]\text{, and}|\mathrm{d}\epsilon ^t|=O(1)\text{on }P_i^t\text{.}$$
(59)
Next we estimate $`\epsilon ^t`$ and $`\mathrm{d}\epsilon ^t`$ on the annuli $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (t^\tau ,2t^\tau )\right)`$. First we bound $`\xi _i^t`$ and its derivatives on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (t^\tau ,2t^\tau )`$. From (7) and (12) we find that

$$\left|^kA_i(\sigma ,r)\right|=O(t^{\tau (\mu _ik)})\text{and}\left|^kE_i(\sigma ,t^1r)\right|=O(t^{\lambda _i+\tau (\lambda _ik)})$$

for $`r(t^\tau ,2t^\tau )`$, computing $`,|.|`$ using the cone metric $`\iota _i^{}(g^{})`$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (t^\tau ,2t^\tau )`$. Substituting these into (50) gives

$$\left|^k\xi _i^t(\sigma ,r)\right|=O(t^{\tau (\mu _i1k)})+O(t^{2\lambda _i+\tau (\lambda _i1k)})\text{for }r(t^\tau ,2t^\tau )\text{,}$$
(60)
computing $`,|.|`$ using the cone metric $`\iota _i^{}(g^{})`$.

Now $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(\epsilon ^t)`$ depends pointwise on $`\xi _i^t`$ and $`\xi _i^t`$, and when $`\xi _i^t,\xi _i^t`$ are small the dominant error terms in $`\epsilon ^t`$ are linear in $`\xi _i^t`$. Similarly, $`\mathrm{d}\epsilon ^t`$ depends pointwise on $`\xi _i^t,\xi _i^t`$ and $`^2\xi _i^t`$, and when $`\xi _i^t,\xi _i^t`$ are small the dominant error terms in $`\mathrm{d}\epsilon ^t`$ are linear in $`^2\xi _i^t`$. The metrics $`\iota _i^{}(g^{})`$ and $`(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(h^t)`$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (t^\tau ,2t^\tau )`$ are equivalent uniformly in $`t`$, so (60) also holds with $`,|.|`$ computed using $`(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(h^t)`$.

Putting all this together we see that

$`\left|(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(\epsilon ^t)\right|`$ $`=O(t^{\tau (\mu _i2)})+O(t^{(1\tau )(2\lambda _i)})`$ and (61)
$`\left|(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(\mathrm{d}\epsilon ^t)\right|`$ $`=O(t^{\tau (\mu _i3)})+O(t^{(1\tau )(2\lambda _i)\tau })`$ for $`r(t^\tau ,2t^\tau )`$,
computing $`|.|`$ using $`(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(h^t)`$. Here we have used $`\mu _i<3`$ and $`\tau >0`$ to absorb error terms $`O(t^\tau )`$ and $`O(1)`$ respectively into the first term on the right hand side of each line of (61), from the same source as (58) and (59). Making $`\delta >0`$ smaller if necessary, the rest of (53)–(55) now follow from (58), (59) and (61), for some $`C>0`$ independent of $`t`$. $`\mathrm{}`$

Now we can estimate norms of $`\epsilon ^t`$ and $`\mathrm{d}\epsilon ^t`$, as in part (i) of Theorem 5.3.

###### Proposition 6.5

There exists $`C^{}>0`$ such that for all $`t(0,\delta )`$ we have

$`\epsilon ^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}`$ $`C^{}t^{\tau (1+m/2)}{\displaystyle \underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{}}}\left(t^{\tau (\mu _i2)}+t^{(1\tau )(2\lambda _i)}\right),`$ (62)
$`\epsilon ^t_{C^0}`$ $`C^{}{\displaystyle \underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{}}}\left(t^{\tau (\mu _i2)}+t^{(1\tau )(2\lambda _i)}\right),`$ (63)
$`\text{and}\mathrm{d}\epsilon ^t_{L^{2m}}`$ $`C^{}t^{\tau /2}{\displaystyle \underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{}}}\left(t^{\tau (\mu _i2)}+t^{(1\tau )(2\lambda _i)}\right),`$ (64)
computing norms with respect to the metric $`h^t`$ on $`N^t`$.

Proof. As $`g^{}`$ and $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(g)`$ are equivalent metrics on $`B_R`$, it is easy to see that there exist $`D_1,D_2,D_3>0`$ such that for all $`t(0,\delta )`$ we have

$$\begin{array}{c}vol\left(P_i^t\right)D_1t^m,vol\left(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (t^\tau ,2t^\tau )\right)\right)D_2t^{m\tau }\\ \text{and}(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(\mathrm{d}V^t)D_3\mathrm{d}V_g^{}\text{on }\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau ]\text{,}\end{array}$$
(65)
where $`\mathrm{d}V_g^{}`$ is the volume form of the cone metric $`\iota _i^{}(g^{})`$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau ]`$.

Combining (53), (55) and (65) we find that

$`{\displaystyle _{N^t}}|\epsilon ^t|^{2m/(m+2)}`$ $`\mathrm{d}V^tD_1t^m(Ct)^{2m/(m+2)}`$
$`+D_2t^{m\tau }{\displaystyle \underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{}}}\left(Ct^{\tau (\mu _i2)}+Ct^{(1\tau )(2\lambda _i)}\right)^{2m/(m+2)}`$
$`+D_3{\displaystyle \underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{}}}vol(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i){\displaystyle _{tT}^{t^\tau }}(Cr)^{2m/(m+2)}r^{m1}dr.`$
Raising this to the power $`(m+2)/2m`$ and manipulating, we can prove (62) for some $`C^{}>0`$ depending only on $`C,D_1,D_2,D_3,m,n`$ and $`vol(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i)`$. Equations (63) and (64) follow by similar arguments. $`\mathrm{}`$

Now for part (i) of Theorem 5.3 to hold, we want $`\epsilon ^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}A_2t^{\kappa +m/2}`$, $`\epsilon ^t_{C^0}A_2t^{\kappa 1}`$ and $`\mathrm{d}\epsilon ^t_{L^{2m}}A_2t^{\kappa 3/2}`$ for some $`\kappa >1`$. Clearly, as $`t<1`$ from (62)–(64) these hold with $`A_2=2nC^{}`$ provided for all $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ we have

$`\tau (1+m/2)+\tau (\mu _i2)`$ $`\kappa +m/2,`$ $`\tau (1+m/2)+(1\tau )(2\lambda _i)`$ $`\kappa +m/2,`$ (66)
$`\tau (\mu _i2)`$ $`\kappa 1,`$ $`(1\tau )(2\lambda _i)`$ $`\kappa 1,`$ (67)
$`\tau /2+\tau (\mu _i2)`$ $`\kappa 3/2,`$ $`\text{and}\tau /2+(1\tau )(2\lambda _i)`$ $`\kappa 3/2.`$ (68)
Elementary calculations using $`0<\tau <1`$, $`\mu _i>2`$ and $`\lambda _i<2`$ show that the first equation of (66) admits a solution $`\kappa >1`$ provided $`\tau >(2+m)/(2\mu _i2+m)`$, and the second equation of (66) admits a solution $`\kappa >1`$ provided $`\lambda _i1+m/2<0`$, that is, provided $`\lambda _i<\frac{1}{2}(2m)`$ as in Definition 6.1. Also (66) implies (67) and (68) as $`\tau 1`$.

Therefore, in Definition 6.1 we choose $`\tau (0,1)`$ to satisfy (49). Then there exists $`\kappa >1`$ satisfying (66)–(68) for all $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, and we have proved:

###### Theorem 6.6

Making $`\delta >0`$ smaller if necessary, there exist $`A_2>0`$ and $`\kappa >1`$ such that the functions $`\epsilon ^t=\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t`$ on $`N^t`$ satisfy $`\epsilon ^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}A_2t^{\kappa +m/2}`$, $`\epsilon ^t_{C^0}A_2t^{\kappa 1}`$ and $`\mathrm{d}\epsilon ^t_{L^{2m}}A_2t^{\kappa 3/2}`$ for all $`t(0,\delta )`$, as in part (i) of Theorem 5.3.

Here is why the condition $`\lambda _i<\frac{1}{2}(2m)`$ is needed in Definition 6.1. In (13) the term $`Ct^{(1\tau )(2\lambda _i)}`$ when $`r(t^\tau ,2t^\tau )`$ contributes $`C^{}t^{2\lambda _i+\tau (\lambda _i1+m/2)}`$ to the bound for $`\epsilon ^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}`$ in (62). Now if $`\lambda _i\frac{1}{2}(2m)`$ then $`2\lambda _i+\tau (\lambda _i1+m/2)1+m/2`$ for all $`\tau [0,1]`$, so whatever value of $`\tau `$ we choose our estimate for $`\epsilon ^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}`$ will be at least as big as $`O(t^{1+m/2})`$.

But for Theorem 5.3 to work we need $`\epsilon ^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}=O(t^{\kappa +m/2})`$ for $`\kappa >1`$, that is, we need $`\epsilon ^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}`$ to be smaller than $`O(t^{1+m/2})`$. If $`\lambda _i\frac{1}{2}(2m)`$ then $`L_i`$ does not decay to the cone $`C_i`$ fast enough at infinity, so the errors we make in tapering $`L_i`$ off to $`C_i`$ are too great for the method of §5 to cope with.

The condition $`\lambda _i<\frac{1}{2}(2m)`$ in Definition 6.1 will be relaxed to $`\lambda _i<0`$ in §6.5 using Theorem 4.6, so it is not as strong a restriction as it appears.

### 6.3 Lagrangian neighbourhoods and bounds on $`R(h^t),\delta (h^t)`$

Next we show that parts (ii)–(v) of Theorem 5.3 hold for $`N^t`$ when $`t(0,\delta )`$, with appropriate $`A_1,A_3,\mathrm{},A_6>0`$ independent of $`t`$. We begin by gluing together the Lagrangian neighbourhoods $`U_X^{},\mathrm{\Phi }_X^{}`$ for $`X^{}`$ in Theorem 3.9 and $`U_{L_i},\mathrm{\Phi }_{L_i}`$ for $`L_i`$ in Theorem 4.7 to get a Lagrangian neighbourhood $`U_{N^t},\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}`$ for $`N^t`$, which we will use to define the $`m`$-form $`\beta ^t`$ on $`_{A_1t}T^{}N^t`$ in Definition 5.2, and so prove part (iii) of Theorem 5.3.

Definition 6.7  Define an open neighbourhood $`U_{N^t}T^{}N^t`$ of the zero section $`N^t`$ in $`T^{}N^t`$ and a smooth map $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}:U_{N^t}M`$ as follows. Let $`\pi :T^{}N^tN^t`$ be the natural projection. As $`N^t`$ is the disjoint union of $`K`$ and $`P_i^t,Q_i^t`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ we shall define $`U_{N^t}`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}`$ separately over $`K,P_i^t`$ and $`Q_i^t`$.

Define $`U_{N^t}\pi ^{}(K)`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}|_{U_{N^t}\pi ^{}(K)}`$ by

$$U_{N^t}\pi ^{}(K)=U_X^{}\pi ^{}(K)\text{and}\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}|_{U_{N^t}\pi ^{}(K)}=\mathrm{\Phi }_X^{}|_{U_X^{}\pi ^{}(K)},$$
(69)
recalling that $`K`$ is part of $`N^t`$ and $`X^{}`$, so $`U_{N^t}\pi ^{}(K)`$ and $`U_X^{}\pi ^{}(K)`$ are both subsets of $`T^{}K`$. For $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, define $`U_{N^t}\pi ^{}(P_i^t)`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}|_{U_{N^t}\pi ^{}(P_i^t)}`$ by

$$\begin{array}{c}U_{N^t}\pi ^{}(P_i^t)=\mathrm{d}(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_it)\left(\{\alpha T^{}K_i:t^2\alpha U_{L_i}\}\right)\\ \text{and}\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}\mathrm{d}(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_it)(\alpha )=\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_it\mathrm{\Phi }_{L_i}(t^2\alpha ).\end{array}$$
(70)
Here the diffeomorphism $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_it:K_iP_i^t`$ induces $`\mathrm{d}(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_it):T^{}K_iT^{}P_i^t`$, and $`\alpha t^2\alpha `$ is multiplication by $`t^2`$ in the vector space fibres of $`T^{}K_iK_i`$.

As in (8)–(9) and (13)–(14), define $`U_{N^t}\pi ^{}(Q_i^t)`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}|_{U_{N^t}\pi ^{}(Q_i^t)}`$ by

$$(\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(U_{N^t})=\{(\sigma ,r,\varsigma ,u)T^{}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,R^{})\right):\left|(\varsigma ,u)\right|<\zeta r\}\text{and}$$
(71)
$$\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t(\sigma ,r,\varsigma ,u)\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}(\sigma ,r,\varsigma +\xi _i^{1,t}(\sigma ,r),u+\xi _i^{2,t}(\sigma ,r))$$
(72)
for all $`(\sigma ,r,\varsigma ,u)T^{}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,R^{})\right)`$ with $`\left|(\varsigma ,u)\right|<\zeta r`$, computing $`,|.|`$ using $`\iota _i^{}(g^{})`$. Here $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t:\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,R^{})Q_i^t`$ is a diffeomorphism, and induces an isomorphism $`\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t:T^{}\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,R^{})\right)T^{}Q_i^t`$.

Careful consideration shows that $`U_{N^t}`$ is well-defined, and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}`$ is well-defined in (70) and (72) for small $`t`$, so making $`\delta >0`$ smaller if necessary $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}`$ is well-defined for $`t(0,\delta )`$. Clearly $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}`$ is smooth on each of $`U_{N^t}\pi ^{}(K)`$, $`U_{N^t}\pi ^{}(P_i^t)`$ and $`U_{N^t}\pi ^{}(Q_i^t)`$, but we must still show that $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}`$ is smooth over the joins between them.

As $`\xi _i^t\eta _i`$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times [2t^\tau ,R^{})`$, comparing (8)–(9) and (71)–(72) shows that over $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times [2t^\tau ,R^{})\right)N^tX^{}`$ we have $`U_{N^t}=U_X^{}`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}=\mathrm{\Phi }_X^{}`$. Therefore $`U_{N^t}`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}`$ join smoothly over the $`r=R^{}`$ end of $`Q_i^t`$ and the corresponding end of $`K`$. Similarly, as $`\xi _i^t(\sigma ,r)=t^2\chi _i(\sigma ,t^1r)`$ when $`rt^\tau `$, comparing (13)–(14) and (71)–(72) shows that $`U_{N^t}=\mathrm{d}(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_it)(t^2U_{L_i})`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}\mathrm{d}(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_it)=\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_it\mathrm{\Phi }_{L_i}t^2`$ over $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau ]\right)`$. So $`U_{N^t},\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}`$ join smoothly at the $`r=tT`$ end of $`Q_i^t`$ and $`P_i^t`$, by (70).

Therefore $`U_{N^t}`$ is an open tubular neighbourhood of $`N^t`$ in $`T^{}N^t`$, and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}:U_{N^t}M`$ is well-defined and smooth. We shall show that $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}^{}(\omega )=\widehat{\omega }`$. On $`U_{N^t}\pi ^{}(K)`$ this follows from $`\mathrm{\Phi }_X^{}^{}(\omega )=\widehat{\omega }`$. On $`U_{N^t}\pi ^{}(P_i^t)`$ it follows from $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(\omega )=\omega ^{}`$, $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{L_i}^{}(\omega ^{})=\widehat{\omega }`$, and the fact that the powers of $`t`$ in (70) cancel out in their effect on $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}^{}(\omega )`$. On $`U_{N^t}\pi ^{}(Q_i^t)`$ it follows from $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(\omega )=\omega ^{}`$, $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}^{}(\omega ^{})=\widehat{\omega }`$ and the fact that $`\xi _i^t`$ is closed.

Define an $`m`$-form $`\beta ^t`$ on $`U_{N^t}`$ by $`\beta ^t=\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}^{}(Im\mathrm{\Omega })`$, as in Definition 5.2.

We now prove that parts (ii)–(v) of Theorem 5.3 hold for $`N^t`$ when $`t(0,\delta )`$.

###### Theorem 6.8

Making $`\delta >0`$ smaller if necessary, there exist $`A_1,A_3,\mathrm{},A_6>0`$ such that for all $`t(0,\delta )`$, as in parts (ii)–(v) of Theorem 5.3 we have

* $`\psi A_3`$ on $`N^t`$.
* The subset $`_{A_1t}T^{}N^t`$ of Definition 5.2 lies in $`U_{N^t}`$, and $`\widehat{}^k\beta ^t_{C^0}A_4t^k`$ on $`_{A_1t}`$ for $`k=0,1,2`$ and $`3`$.
* The injectivity radius $`\delta (h^t)`$ satisfies $`\delta (h^t)A_5t`$.
* The Riemann curvature $`R(h^t)`$ satisfies $`R(h^t)_{C^0}A_6t^2`$.

Here part (iii) uses the notation of Definition 5.2, and parts (iv) and (v) refer to the compact Riemannian manifold $`(N^t,h^t)`$.

Proof. All of (ii)–(v) are in fact elementary, following from obvious facts about the behaviour of $`N^t,h^t,U_{N^t},\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}`$ for small $`t`$. Let $`A_3=inf_M\psi `$. Then $`A_3>0`$ as $`M`$ is compact and $`\psi :M(0,\mathrm{})`$ is continuous, and $`\psi A_3`$ on $`N^t`$ for all $`t(0,\delta )`$ as $`N^tM`$. This proves (ii).

For part (iii), under $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_it:K_iP_i^t`$ we have $`(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_it)^{}(U_{N^t})=t^2U_{L_i}`$. Hence the radii of the fibres of $`\pi :(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_it)^{}(U_{N^t})K_i`$ scale like $`t^2`$ in the metric $`g^{}`$ on $`K_i`$, and thus approximately like $`t`$ in the metric $`(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_it)^{}(h^t)t^2g^{}`$ on $`K_i`$. Therefore $`U_{N^t}`$ contains all the balls of radius $`A_1t`$ in $`T^{}P_i^t`$ for small $`A_1>0`$.

The fibre of $`\pi :U_{N^t}\pi ^{}(Q_i^t)Q_i^t`$ over $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t(\sigma ,r)`$ for $`(\sigma ,r)\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,R^{})`$ is a ball of radius $`\zeta r`$ about 0 in $`T_{\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t(\sigma ,r)}^{}Q_i^t`$ w.r.t. the metric $`(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)_{}\left(\iota _i^{}(g^{})\right)`$ on $`Q_i^t`$. As $`h^t`$ and $`(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)_{}\left(\iota _i^{}(g^{})\right)`$ are equivalent metrics uniformly in $`t`$, we see that $`U_{N^t}`$ contains all the balls of radius $`A_1t`$ in $`T^{}Q_i^t`$ for small $`A_1>0`$. And $`U_{N^t}`$ and $`h^t`$ are independent of $`t`$ over $`K`$, so this is obviously true over $`K`$. Thus for small $`A_1>0`$ we have $`_{A_1t}U_{N^t}`$ for all $`t(0,\delta )`$.

To see that $`\widehat{}^k\beta ^t_{C^0}A_4t^k`$ for $`k=0,\mathrm{},3`$ in (iii), that $`\delta (h^t)A_5t`$ in (iv) and $`R(h^t)_{C^0}A_6t^2`$ in (v), consider the rôle of $`t`$ in defining $`N^t,h^t,U_{N^t},\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}`$ and $`\beta ^t`$ in Definitions 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3. We make $`N^t`$ by shrinking $`L_i`$ by a factor $`t>0`$ and gluing it into $`X^{}`$ using $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i`$. Therefore for small $`t>0`$ the metric $`h^t`$ on $`P_i^t`$, and on $`Q_i^t`$ near $`P_i^t`$, approximates the metric $`t^2g^{}`$ on $`L_i`$, and the metric $`h^t`$ on $`K`$, and on $`Q_i^t`$ near $`K`$, is $`g|_X^{}`$ and independent of $`t`$.

Now under the homothety $`g^{}t^2g^{}`$ for $`g^{}`$ on $`L_i`$ we have $`\delta (t^2g^{})=t\delta (g^{})`$ and $`R(t^2g^{})_{C^0}=t^2R(g^{})_{C^0}`$. Thus on and near $`P_i^t`$ we have $`\delta (h^t)=O(t)`$ and $`R(h^t)_{C^0}=O(t^2)`$, and it is easy to see that these are the dominant contributions to $`\delta (h^t),R(h^t)_{C^0}`$. (In particular, the derivatives of $`F(t^\tau r)`$ on the annuli $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (t^\tau ,2t^\tau )`$ in (50) only contribute terms $`O(t^\tau ),O(t^{2\tau })`$ respectively.) Thus making $`\delta `$ smaller if necessary, there exist $`A_5,A_6>0`$ such that (iv), (v) hold for all $`t(0,\delta )`$.

In a similar way, on and near $`P_i^t`$ we can identify $`U_{N^t}`$ with $`U_{L_i}`$ by construction, and then for small $`t(0,\delta )`$ we have $`\widehat{h}^tt^2\widehat{h}`$ and $`\beta ^tt^m\mathrm{\Phi }_{L_i}^{}(Im\mathrm{\Omega }^{})`$, where $`\widehat{h}^t`$ and $`\widehat{h}`$ are the metrics constructed on $`T^{}N^t`$ using $`h^t`$ and on $`T^{}L_i`$ using $`g^{}|_{L_i}`$ in Definition 5.2. It then follows that $`\widehat{}^k\beta ^t_{C^0}=O(t^k)`$ on and near $`P_i^t`$ for small $`t`$ and all $`k0`$. This is the dominant contribution to $`\widehat{}^k\beta ^t_{C^0}`$ on $`N^t`$, so making $`\delta `$ smaller if necessary, part (iii) holds for some $`A_4>0`$. $`\mathrm{}`$

### 6.4 Sobolev embedding inequalities on $`N^t`$

We now prove that parts (vi) and (vii) of Theorem 5.3 hold in the simplest case that $`X^{}`$ is connected. The author learned the idea behind the next three results, and the reference , from Lee \[6, §3\].

Write $`C_{\mathrm{cs}}^k(S)`$ for the vector subspace of compactly-supported functions in $`C^k(S)`$. In , Michael and Simon prove a Sobolev inequality for submanifolds $`S`$ of $`^l`$, depending on their mean curvature vector $`H`$ in $`^l`$. Applying \[16, Th. 2.1\] with $`h=|u|^{2(m1)/(m2)}`$ and using Hölder’s inequality, we easily prove:

###### Theorem 6.9

Let $`S`$ be an $`m`$-submanifold of $`^l`$ for $`m>2`$, and $`uC_{\mathrm{cs}}^1(S)`$. Then $`u_{L^{2m/(m2)}}D_1\left(\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}+uH_{L^2}\right)`$, where $`D_1>0`$ depends only on $`m`$, and $`H`$ is the mean curvature of $`S`$ in $`^l`$.

If $`S`$ is minimal in $`^n`$ then $`H0`$, and $`u_{L^{2m/(m2)}}D_1\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}`$. The SL $`m`$-folds $`tL_i`$ in $`^m`$ are automatically minimal, so we deduce:

###### Corollary 6.10

There exists $`D_1>0`$ such that $`u_{L^{2m/(m2)}}D_1\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}`$ for all $`t>0`$, $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ and $`uC_{\mathrm{cs}}^1(tL_i)`$.

Next we prove a similar inequality for $`X^{}`$, when it is connected.

###### Proposition 6.11

Suppose $`X^{}`$ is connected. Then there exists $`D_2>0`$ such that for all $`vC_{\mathrm{cs}}^1(X^{})`$ we have

$$v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}D_2\left(\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}+\left|_X^{}vdV_g\right|\right).$$
(73)
Proof. By the Nash Embedding Theorem we can choose an isometric embedding of $`(M,g)`$ in some $`^l`$. Then $`X^{}`$ is also isometrically embedded in $`^l`$. The mean curvature of $`X^{}`$ in $`M`$ is zero, as $`X^{}`$ is minimal, and the mean curvature of $`M`$ in $`^l`$ is bounded, as $`M`$ is compact. Thus the mean curvature $`H`$ of $`X^{}`$ in $`^l`$ is bounded, say $`|H|D_3`$. Applying Theorem 6.9 to $`X^{}`$ in $`^l`$ then gives

$$u_{L^{2m/(m2)}}D_1\left(\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}+D_3u_{L^2}\right)\text{for all }uC_{\mathrm{cs}}^1(X^{})\text{.}$$
(74)
By studying the eigenvalues of $`\mathrm{\Delta }`$ on $`X^{}`$, we show in \[10, Th. 2.17\] that if $`X^{}`$ is connected then for some $`D_4>0`$ and all $`uC_{\mathrm{cs}}^2(X^{})`$ with $`_X^{}udV_g=0`$, we have $`u_{L^2}D_4\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}D_4^2\mathrm{\Delta }u_{L^2}`$. As $`C_{\mathrm{cs}}^2(X^{})`$ is dense in $`C_{\mathrm{cs}}^1(X^{})`$, the first inequality $`u_{L^2}D_4\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}`$ holds if $`uC_{\mathrm{cs}}^1(X^{})`$ with $`_X^{}udV_g=0`$. Combining this with (74) and setting $`D_5=D_1(1+D_3D_4)`$ proves that

$$u_{L^{2m/(m2)}}D_5\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}\text{for all }uC_{\mathrm{cs}}^1(X^{})\text{ with }_X^{}udV_g=0\text{.}$$
(75)
Fix some $`wC_{\mathrm{cs}}^1(X^{})`$ with $`_X^{}wdV_g=1`$. For any $`vC_{\mathrm{cs}}^1(X^{})`$, define $`u=vw_X^{}vdV_g`$. Then $`uC_{\mathrm{cs}}^1(X^{})`$ with $`_X^{}udV_g=0`$, so (75) gives

$`v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}`$ $`\left|_X^{}vdV_g\right|w_{L^{2m/(m2)}}u_{L^{2m/(m2)}}`$
$`D_5\mathrm{d}u_{L^2}D_5\left(\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}+\left|_X^{}vdV_g\right|\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}\right).`$
Equation (73) then follows with $`D_2=\mathrm{max}(D_5,w_{L^{2m/(m2)}}+D_5\mathrm{d}w_{L^2})`$. $`\mathrm{}`$

We now combine the inequalities on $`L_i`$ and $`X^{}`$ in Corollary 6.10 and Proposition 73 to prove an equality on $`N^t`$ for small $`t`$. The theorem implies parts (vi) and (vii) of Theorem 5.3 with $`W=1`$, as (vii) is trivial when $`W=1`$.

###### Theorem 6.12

Suppose $`X^{}`$ is connected. Making $`\delta >0`$ smaller if necessary, there exists $`A_7>0`$ such that for all $`t(0,\delta ),`$ if $`vL_1^2(N^t)`$ with $`_{N^t}vdV^t=0`$ then $`vL^{2m/(m2)}(N^t)`$ and $`v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}A_7\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}`$.

Proof. Choose $`a,b`$ with $`0<a<b<\tau `$. Then for small $`t>0`$ we have

$$2t^\tau <t^b<t^a<\mathrm{min}(1,R^{}).$$
(76)
Making $`\delta >0`$ smaller if necessary, we suppose that (76) holds for all $`t(0,\delta )`$. Let $`G:(0,\mathrm{})[0,1]`$ be a smooth, decreasing function with $`G(s)=1`$ for $`s(0,a]`$ and $`G(s)=0`$ for $`s[b,\mathrm{})`$. Write $`G^{}`$ for $`\mathrm{d}G/\mathrm{d}s`$. For $`t(0,\delta )`$, define a function $`F^t:N^t[0,1]`$ by

$$F^t(x)=\{\begin{array}{cc}1,\hfill & xK,\hfill \\ G\left((\mathrm{log}r)/(\mathrm{log}t)\right),\hfill & x=\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t(\sigma ,r)Q_i^t,i=1,\mathrm{},n,\hfill \\ 0,\hfill & xP_i^t,i=1,\mathrm{},n.\hfill \end{array}$$
(77)
Then $`F^t`$ is smooth, and $`F^t0`$ on $`P_i^t`$ and $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^b]\right)`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, and $`F^t1`$ on $`K`$ and $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times [t^a,R^{})\right)`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$. It changes only on the annuli $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (t^b,t^a)\right)`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, and there we have

$$(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(\mathrm{d}F^t)=(\mathrm{log}t)^1G^{}\left((\mathrm{log}r)/(\mathrm{log}t)\right)r^1\mathrm{d}r\text{for }r(t^b,t^a)\text{.}$$
(78)
Suppose now that $`t(0,\delta )`$ and $`vC^1(N^t)`$ with $`_{N^t}vdV^t=0`$. The main idea of the proof is to write $`v=F^tv+(1F^t)v`$, where we treat $`F^tv`$ as a compactly-supported function on $`X^{}`$ and apply Proposition 73 to it, and we treat $`(1F^t)v`$ as a sum over $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ of compactly-supported functions on $`tL_i`$, and apply Corollary 6.10 to them.

The first is straightforward. As $`2t^\tau <t^b`$ by (76), the support of $`F^t`$ lies in the union of $`K`$ and $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times [2t^\tau ,R^{})\right)`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, which is part of both $`N^t`$ and $`X^{}`$. Thus, extending $`F^tv`$ by zero to the rest of $`X^{}`$ we can regard it as an element of $`C_{\mathrm{cs}}^1(X^{})`$, and since $`_X^{}F^tvdV_g=_{N^t}F^tvdV^t`$ equation (73) gives

$$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill & F^tv_{L^{2m/(m2)}}D_2(\mathrm{d}(F^tv)_{L^2}+|_{N^t}F^tv\mathrm{d}V^t\left|\right)\hfill \\ & D_2\left(F^t\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}+v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}(\mathrm{d}F^t_{L^m}+1F^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}})\right).\hfill \end{array}$$
(79)
Here all functions are on $`N^t`$ and all norms computed using $`h^t`$. This is valid because the metrics $`g`$ on $`X^{}`$ and $`h^t`$ on $`N^t`$ coincide on the support of $`F^t`$. We have also used Hölder’s inequality upon $`v\mathrm{d}F^t_{L^2}`$, and

$$\left|_{N^t}F^tvdV^t\right|=\left|_{N^t}(1F^t)vdV^t\right|v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}1F^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}},$$

since $`\mathrm{d}V_g=\mathrm{d}V^t`$ on the support of $`F^t`$ as $`g=h^t`$, and $`_{N^t}vdV^t=0`$.

For the second, identify the subset $`tK_it\phi _i\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (T,t^1R^{})\right)`$ in $`tL_i^m`$ with the subset $`P_i^tQ_i^t`$ in $`N^tM`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ by

$$tK_itx\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i(tx)P_i^t\text{and}$$

$$t\phi _i\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (T,t^1R^{})\right)t\phi _i(\sigma ,r)\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t(\sigma ,tr)Q_i^t.$$

The restriction of $`(1F^t)v`$ to $`P_i^tQ_i^t`$ is compactly-supported, so using this identification we can regard $`(1F^t)v`$ as an element of $`C_{\mathrm{cs}}^1(tL_i)`$, extended by zero outside $`tK_it\phi _i\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (T,t^1R^{})\right)`$.

Under this identification between subsets of $`tL_i`$ and $`N^t`$, on the support $`tK_it\phi _i\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (T,t^{a1})\right)`$ of $`(1F^t)v`$ in $`tL_i`$, the metrics $`g^{}`$ on $`tL_i`$ and $`h^t`$ on $`N^t`$ are close when $`t`$ is small. Applying Corollary 6.10 to $`(1F^t)v`$ on $`tL_i`$ gives $`(1F^t)v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}D_1\mathrm{d}((1F^t)v)_{L^2}`$, where norms are computed using $`g^{}`$ on $`tL_i`$. As $`g^{},h^t`$ are close for small $`t`$, increasing $`D_1`$ to $`2D_1`$ the same inequality holds with norms computed using $`h^t`$, for small $`t`$. So making $`\delta >0`$ smaller if necessary, for all $`t(0,\delta )`$ and $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ we have

$$(1F^t)v|_{P_i^tQ_i^t}_{L^{2m/(m2)}}2D_1\mathrm{d}((1F^t)v)|_{P_i^tQ_i^t}_{L^2}.$$
(80)
Now $`(1F^t)v`$ is supported on $`_{i=1}^n(P_i^tQ_i^t)`$. Therefore

$$\begin{array}{c}(1F^t)v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{}}(1F^t)v|_{P_i^tQ_i^t}_{L^{2m/(m2)}}\text{and}\\ \underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{}}\mathrm{d}((1F^t)v)|_{P_i^tQ_i^t}_{L^2}\sqrt{n}\mathrm{d}((1F^t)v)_{L^2},\end{array}$$
(81)
proving the second equation using $`a_1+\mathrm{}+a_n\sqrt{n}(a_1^2+\mathrm{}+a_n^2)^{1/2}`$, which gives the factor $`\sqrt{n}`$. Equations (80) and (81) give

$$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill (1& F^t)v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}2\sqrt{n}D_1\mathrm{d}((1F^t)v)_{L^2}\hfill \\ & 2\sqrt{n}D_1\left((1F^t)\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}+v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}\mathrm{d}F^t_{L^m}\right).\hfill \end{array}$$
(82)
Combining (79), (82) and $`F^t\mathrm{d}v_{L^2},(1F^t)\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}`$ then proves

$$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill [1(D_2+2\sqrt{n}D_1)& \mathrm{d}F^t_{L^m}D_21F^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}]v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}\hfill \\ & (D_2+2\sqrt{n}D_1)\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}.\hfill \end{array}$$
(83)
As the $`L^m`$ norm of $`r^1`$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (t^b,t^a)`$ with the cone metric is $`O\left(|\mathrm{log}t|^{1/m}\right)`$, using (78) and $`vol\left(supp(1F^t)\right)=O(t^{ma})`$ we find that

$$\mathrm{d}F^t_{L^m}=O\left(|\mathrm{log}t|^{(1m)/m}\right)\text{and}1F^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}=O(t^{a(m+2)/2})$$

for small $`t`$. Thus making $`\delta >0`$ smaller if necessary we can suppose that

$$\left[1(D_2+2\sqrt{n}D_1)\mathrm{d}F^t_{L^m}D_21F^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}\right]\frac{1}{2}\text{for all }t(0,\delta )\text{.}$$

Setting $`A_7=2(D_2+2\sqrt{n}D_1)`$, we see from (83) that for all $`vC^1(N^t)`$ with $`_{N^t}vdV^t=0`$ we have $`v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}A_7\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}`$. Since $`C^1(N^t)`$ is dense in $`L_1^2(N^t)`$ and $`L_1^2(N^t)L^{2m/(m2)}(N^t)`$ by the Sobolev Embedding Theorem, this completes the proof of Theorem 6.12. $`\mathrm{}`$

### 6.5 The main result, in the simplest case

We can now prove our main result on desingularizations of SL $`m`$-folds $`X`$ with conical singularities, in the simplest case. To make the statement of the theorem short and easily understood, we do not say much about the $`\stackrel{~}{N}^t`$. But the construction gives a much more precise and detailed description of the topology of $`\stackrel{~}{N}^t`$, and the topology and geometry of its embedding in $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$, which we can read off from §5–§6 above if we need to.

###### Theorem 6.13

Suppose $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$ is an almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold and $`X`$ a compact SL $`m`$-fold in $`M`$ with conical singularities at $`x_1,\mathrm{},x_n`$ and cones $`C_1,\mathrm{},C_n`$. Let $`L_1,\mathrm{},L_n`$ be Asymptotically Conical SL $`m`$-folds in $`^m`$ with cones $`C_1,\mathrm{},C_n`$ and rates $`\lambda _1,\mathrm{},\lambda _n`$. Suppose $`\lambda _i<0`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, and $`X^{}=X\{x_1,\mathrm{},x_n\}`$ is connected.

Then there exists $`ϵ>0`$ and a smooth family $`\{\stackrel{~}{N}^t:t(0,ϵ]\}`$ of compact, nonsingular SL $`m`$-folds in $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$, such that $`\stackrel{~}{N}^t`$ is constructed by gluing $`tL_i`$ into $`X`$ at $`x_i`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$. In the sense of currents, $`\stackrel{~}{N}^tX`$ as $`t0`$.

Proof. By assumption $`L_i`$ is an AC SL $`m`$-fold with rate $`\lambda _i<0`$. Now Theorem 4.6 shows that if $`L`$ is an AC SL $`m`$-fold in $`^m`$ with rate $`\lambda <0`$ then $`L`$ is also Asymptotically Conical with rate $`\lambda ^{}`$ for all $`\lambda ^{}(2m,0)`$. It follows that if $`\lambda _i\frac{1}{2}(2m)`$ then we can decrease the rate $`\lambda _i`$ of $`L_i`$ so that $`\lambda _i(2m,\frac{1}{2}(2m))`$. Therefore we can suppose that $`\lambda _i<\frac{1}{2}(2m)`$ for all $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, as in Definition 6.1.

Let $`\delta >0`$ and $`N^t`$ for $`t(0,\delta )`$ be as in Definition 6.1, and make $`\delta `$ smaller if necessary so that Theorems 6.6, 6.8 and 6.12 apply. For each $`t(0,\delta )`$, define a finite-dimensional vector subspace $`W^tC^{\mathrm{}}(N^t)`$ by $`W^t=1`$, the constant functions. This will be $`WC^{\mathrm{}}(N)`$ in Definition 5.2. The natural projection $`\pi _{W^t}:L^2(N^t)W^t`$ is given by $`\pi _{W^t}(v)=vol(N^t)^1_{N^t}vdV^t`$.

Let $`\epsilon ^t=\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^tC^{\mathrm{}}(N^t)`$ for $`t(0,\delta )`$ be as in Definition 6.2. Then $`Im\mathrm{\Omega }|_{N^t}=\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t\mathrm{d}V^t`$. Thus

$$_{N^t}\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t\mathrm{d}V^t=_{N^t}Im\mathrm{\Omega }=[Im\mathrm{\Omega }][N^t]=[Im\mathrm{\Omega }][X]=0,$$

where $`[Im\mathrm{\Omega }]H^m(M,)`$ and $`[N^t],[X]H_m(M,)`$, as $`N^t,X`$ are homologous in $`M`$ and $`Im\mathrm{\Omega }|_X^{}0`$ as $`X^{}`$ is an SL $`m`$-fold. This implies that

$$\pi _{W^t}(\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t)=vol(N^t)^1_{N^t}\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t\mathrm{d}V^t=0\text{for all }t(0,\delta )\text{.}$$
(84)
Theorem 6.6 gives constants $`\kappa >1`$ and $`A_2>0`$ such that

$$\begin{array}{c}\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}A_2t^{\kappa +m/2},\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t_{C^0}A_2t^{\kappa 1}\text{and}\\ \mathrm{d}(\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t)_{L^{2m}}A_2t^{\kappa 3/2}\text{for all }t(0,\delta )\text{.}\end{array}$$
(85)
Equations (84) and (85) imply that part (i) of Theorem 5.3 holds for $`N^t`$ for all $`t(0,\delta )`$, replacing $`N,W,\theta `$ by $`N^t,W^t,\theta ^t`$ respectively.

Let the Lagrangian neighbourhood $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}:U_{N^t}M`$ and the $`m`$-form $`\beta ^t`$ on $`U_{N^t}`$ be as in Definition 6.3. Then Theorem 6.8 gives constants $`A_1,A_3,\mathrm{},A_6>0`$ such that parts (ii)–(v) of Theorem 5.3 hold for $`N^t`$ for all $`t(0,\delta )`$, replacing $`N,\beta ,h`$ by $`N^t,\beta ^t,h^t`$ respectively.

As $`\pi _{W^t}(v)=0`$ if and only if $`_{N^t}vdV^t=0`$, Theorem 6.12 gives $`A_7>0`$ such that if $`vL_1^2(N^t)`$ with $`\pi _{W^t}(v)=0`$ then $`vL^{2m/(m2)}(N^t)`$ and $`v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}A_7\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}`$, for all $`t(0,\delta )`$. Thus part (vi) of Theorem 5.3 holds for $`N^t`$ for all $`t(0,\delta )`$, replacing $`N,W`$ by $`N^t,W^t`$ respectively. As $`W^t=1`$ part (vii) of Theorem 5.3 is trivial for $`N^t,W^t`$, since $`\mathrm{d}^{}\mathrm{d}w=\mathrm{d}w=0`$ for all $`wW^t`$, and if $`wW^t`$ with $`_{N^t}wdV^t=0`$ then $`w=0`$. Thus part (vii) holds for any $`A_8>0`$, and we take $`A_8=1`$.

We have not yet showed that the inequality $`\mathrm{cos}\theta ^t\frac{1}{2}`$ in Definition 5.2 holds. From parts (i) and (ii) of Theorem 5.3 we see that $`|\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t|A_2A_3^mt^{\kappa 1}`$ on $`N^t`$. Thus for small $`t(0,\delta )`$ we have $`|\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t|\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}`$ as $`\kappa >1`$, so that $`|\mathrm{cos}\theta ^t|\frac{1}{2}`$. But $`\mathrm{cos}\theta ^t`$ is continuous, $`N^t`$ is connected, and $`\mathrm{cos}\theta ^t1`$ on $`K`$ as $`K`$ is special Lagrangian, so we must have $`\mathrm{cos}\theta ^t\frac{1}{2}`$ on $`N^t`$ for small $`t(0,\delta )`$.

We have constructed $`\kappa >1`$ and $`A_1,\mathrm{},A_8>0`$ such that parts (i)–(vii) of Theorem 5.3 hold for $`N^t`$ in $`M`$ for all $`t(0,\delta )`$. Let $`ϵ,K>0`$ be as given in Theorem 5.3 depending on $`\kappa ,A_1,\mathrm{},A_8`$ and $`m`$, and make $`ϵ>0`$ smaller if necessary to ensure that $`ϵ<\delta `$ and $`\mathrm{cos}\theta ^t\frac{1}{2}`$ on $`N^t`$ for $`t(0,ϵ]`$. Then Theorem 5.3 shows that for all $`t(0,ϵ]`$ we can deform $`N^t`$ to a nearby compact, nonsingular SL $`m`$-fold $`\stackrel{~}{N}^t`$, given by $`\stackrel{~}{N}^t=(\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t})_{}\left(\mathrm{\Gamma }(\mathrm{d}f^t)\right)`$ for some $`f^tC^{\mathrm{}}(N^t)`$ with $`\mathrm{d}f^t_{C^0}Kt^\kappa <A_1t`$.

Since $`N^t`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{N^t}`$ depend smoothly on $`t`$, we see that $`f^t`$ is the locally unique solution of a nonlinear elliptic p.d.e. on $`N^t`$ depending smoothly on $`t`$. It quickly follows from general theory that $`f^t`$ depends smoothly on $`t`$, and so $`\stackrel{~}{N}^t`$ does. One can easily show from Definition 6.1 that $`N^tX`$ as currents as $`t0`$. But the estimates on $`\mathrm{d}f^t`$ and $`\mathrm{d}f^t`$ in §5 imply that $`\stackrel{~}{N}^tN^t0`$ as currents as $`t0`$, so $`\stackrel{~}{N}^tX`$ as $`t0`$. This completes the proof of Theorem 6.13. $`\mathrm{}`$

## 7 Desingularizing when $`X^{}`$ is not connected

We now generalize the material of §6 to the case when $`X^{}`$ is not connected. Suppose $`X^{}`$ has $`q>1`$ connected components $`X_1^{},\mathrm{},X_q^{}`$. Then Theorem 6.12 no longer holds. The basic reason for this is that the Laplacian $`\mathrm{\Delta }^t`$ on $`N^t`$ has $`q`$ small eigenvalues $`0=\lambda _1^t,\mathrm{},\lambda _q^t`$, with $`\lambda _k^t=O(t^{m2})`$.

The corresponding eigenfunctions $`1=v_1^t,\mathrm{},v_k^t`$ are approximately constant on the part of $`N^t`$ coming from $`X_k^{}`$ for each $`k=1,\mathrm{},q`$, and change on the part of $`N^t`$ coming from $`tL_i`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$. If $`q>1`$, calculation shows that the $`v_k^t`$ for $`1<kq`$ satisfy $`_{N^t}v_k^tdV^t=0`$ and $`v_k^t_{L^{2m/(m2)}}=O(t^{(m2)/2})\mathrm{d}v_k^t_{L^2}`$, so that Theorem 6.12 cannot hold.

To get round this, we define in §7.1 a vector subspace $`W^tC^{\mathrm{}}(N^t)`$ which approximates $`v_1^t,\mathrm{},v_q^t`$. This will be $`W`$ in Theorem 5.3. In §7.3 we show that if $`vL_1^2(N^t)`$ is $`L^2`$-orthogonal to $`W^t`$ then $`v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}A_7\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}`$ for some $`A_7>0`$ independent of $`t`$, and this replaces Theorem 6.12.

There is also some more work to do. Part (i) of Theorem 5.3 requires that $`\pi _{W^t}(\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t)_{L^1}A_2t^{\kappa +m1}`$. In §6 this was trivial, as there $`W^t=1`$ and $`\pi _{W^t}(\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t)0`$ for topological reasons. We shall show in §7.2 that here for $`\pi _{W^t}(\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t)`$ to be sufficiently small the invariants $`Z(L_i)`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ must satisfy equation (86) below. The final results are given in §7.4.

### 7.1 Setting up the problem

We shall consider the following situation, the analogue of Definitions 6.16.2.

Definition 7.1  We work in the situation of Definition 6.1. Thus, $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$ is an almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold for $`m>2`$ with metric $`g`$, $`\psi :M(0,\mathrm{})`$ satisfies (3), $`X`$ is a compact SL $`m`$-fold in $`M`$ with conical singularities at $`x_1,\mathrm{},x_n`$ with identifications $`\upsilon _i`$, cones $`C_i`$ and rates $`\mu _i`$, and $`L_1,\mathrm{},L_n`$ are AC SL $`m`$-folds in $`^m`$ with cones $`C_i`$ and rates $`\lambda _i<0`$. We write $`X^{}=X\{x_1,\mathrm{},x_n\}`$ and $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i=C_i𝒮^{2m1}`$, and use the other notation of §6.

However, we do not assume that $`X^{}`$ is connected, as we did in §6.4. Set $`q=b^0(X^{})`$, so that $`X^{}`$ has $`q`$ connected components, and number them $`X_1^{},\mathrm{},X_q^{}`$. For $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ let $`l_i=b^0(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i)`$, so that $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i`$ has $`l_i`$ connected components, and number them $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^1,\mathrm{},\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^{l_i}`$.

Now $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\phi _i`$ is a diffeomorphism $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (0,R^{})S_iX^{}`$. For each $`j=1,\mathrm{},l_i`$, $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\phi _i\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j\times (0,R^{})\right)`$ is a connected subset of $`X^{}`$, and so lies in exactly one of the $`X_k^{}`$ for $`k=1,\mathrm{},q`$. Define numbers $`k(i,j)=1,\mathrm{},q`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ and $`j=1,\mathrm{},l_i`$ by $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\phi _i\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j\times (0,R^{})\right)X_{k(i,j)}^{}`$. Suppose that

$$\underset{\begin{array}{c}1in,\mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}1}jl_i:\\ k(i,j)=k\end{array}}{}\psi (x_i)^mZ(L_i)[\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j]=0\text{for all }k=1,\mathrm{},q\text{.}$$
(86)
Here $`Z(L_i)H^{m1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i,)`$ is as in Definition 4.1, and $`[\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j]H_{m1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i,)`$, and ‘$``$’ is the contraction $`H^{m1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i,)\times H_{m1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i,)`$. The reason for (86) will appear in Proposition 7.5 below.

Define Lagrangian $`m`$-folds $`N^t`$ for $`t(0,\delta )`$ as in Definition 6.1, but when we choose $`\tau (0,1)`$ to satisfy (49) we also require that

$$\frac{m}{m+1}<\tau <1.$$
(87)
Clearly this is possible. Suppose that the topology of $`X`$ and $`L_i`$ is such that the $`N^t`$ are connected. This requires that $`X`$ be connected, but not that $`X^{}`$ or the $`L_i`$ be connected. A sufficient (but not necessary) condition for the $`N^t`$ to be connected is that $`X`$ and the $`L_i`$ are connected.

Let $`h^t=g|_{N^t}`$, so that $`(N^t,h^t)`$ is a Riemannian manifold. As in Definition 6.2 the $`N^t`$ are oriented, and $`\mathrm{\Omega }|_{N^t}=\psi ^m\mathrm{e}^{i\theta ^t}\mathrm{d}V^t`$ for some phase function $`\mathrm{e}^{i\theta ^t}`$ on $`N^t`$, where $`\mathrm{d}V^t`$ is the volume form on $`N^t`$. We write $`\epsilon ^t=\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t`$, so that $`Im\mathrm{\Omega }|_{N^t}=\epsilon ^t\mathrm{d}V^t`$ for $`t(0,\delta )`$.

To apply Theorem 5.3 to $`N^t`$ we need a vector subspace $`W^tC^{\mathrm{}}(N^t)`$, to be $`W`$ in Definition 5.2. In §6, where $`X^{}`$ was connected, we took $`W^t=1`$. However, when $`X^{}`$ is not connected we must introduce a nontrivial $`W^t`$ with $`dimW^t=b^0(X^{})`$ to repair the proof of Theorem 6.12. Here is the definition.

Definition 7.2  We work in the situation of Definition 7.1. For $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ apply Theorem 4.8 to the AC SL $`m`$-fold $`L_i`$ in $`^m`$, using the numbering $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j`$ chosen in Definition 7.1 for the connected components of $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i`$. This gives a vector space $`V_i`$ of bounded harmonic functions on $`L_i`$ with $`dimV_i=l_i`$. For each $`𝐜_i=(c_i^1,\mathrm{},c_i^{l_i})^{l_i}`$ there exists a unique $`v_i^{𝐜_i}V_i`$ with

$$^k\left(\phi _i^{}(v_i^{𝐜_i})c_i^j\right)=O\left(|𝐜_i|r^{\beta k}\right)\text{on }\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j\times (T,\mathrm{})\text{ as }r\mathrm{}\text{,}$$
(88)
for all $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, $`j=1,\mathrm{},l_i`$, $`k0`$ and $`\beta (2m,0)`$.

We shall define a vector subspace $`W^tC^{\mathrm{}}(N^t)`$ for $`t(0,\delta )`$, with an isomorphism $`W^t^q`$. Fix $`𝐝=(d_1,\mathrm{},d_q)^q`$, and set $`c_i^j=d_{k(i,j)}`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ and $`j=1,\mathrm{},l_i`$. Let $`𝐜_i=(c_i^1,\mathrm{},c_i^{l_i})`$. This defines vectors $`𝐜_i^{l_i}`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, which depend linearly on $`𝐝`$. Hence we have harmonic functions $`v_i^{𝐜_i}V_iC^{\mathrm{}}(L_i)`$, which also depend linearly on $`𝐝`$.

Let $`F:(0,\mathrm{})[0,1]`$ and $`\tau (0,1)`$ be as in Definition 6.1. Make $`\delta >0`$ smaller if necessary so that $`tT<\frac{1}{2}t^\tau `$ for all $`t(0,\delta )`$. For $`t(0,\delta )`$, define a function $`w_𝐝^tC^{\mathrm{}}(N^t)`$ as follows:

* The subset $`KN^t`$ has $`q`$ connected components $`KX_k^{}`$ for $`k=1,\mathrm{},q`$. Define $`w_𝐝^td_k`$ on $`KX_k^{}`$ for $`k=1,\mathrm{},q`$.
* Define $`w_𝐝^t`$ on $`P_i^tN^t`$ by $`(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_it\phi _i)^{}(w_𝐝^t)v_i^{𝐜_i}`$ on $`K_i`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$.
* Define $`w_𝐝^t`$ on $`Q_i^tN^t`$ by

$$(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(w_𝐝^t)(\sigma ,r)=\left(1F(2t^\tau r)\right)\phi _i^{}(v_i^{𝐜_i})(\sigma ,t^1r)+F(2t^\tau r)c_i^j$$
(89)
on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j\times (tT,R^{})`$, for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ and $`j=1,\mathrm{},l_i`$.

It is easy to see that $`w_𝐝^t`$ is smooth over the joins between $`P_i^t,Q_i^t`$ and $`K`$, so $`w_𝐝^tC^{\mathrm{}}(N^t)`$. Also $`w_𝐝^t`$ is linear in $`𝐝`$, as $`v_i^{𝐜_i}`$ is. Thus $`W^t=\{w_𝐝^t:𝐝^q\}`$ is a vector subspace of $`C^{\mathrm{}}(N^t)`$ isomorphic to $`^q`$, for all $`t(0,\delta )`$.

If $`𝐝=(1,\mathrm{},1)`$ then $`c_i^j1`$, so $`𝐜_i=(1,\mathrm{},1)`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, and thus $`v_i^{𝐜_i}1`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ by Theorem 4.8. Therefore $`w_{(1,\mathrm{},1)}^t1`$ by (i)–(iii) above, and $`1W^t`$ for all $`t(0,\delta )`$. This corresponds to the condition $`1W`$ in Definition 5.2. Define $`\pi _{W^t}:L^2(N^t)W^t`$ to be the projection onto $`W^t`$ using the $`L^2`$-inner product, as for $`\pi _W`$ in Definition 5.2.

In Definition 6.1 we defined the $`N^t`$ by gluing together $`X^{}`$ and $`tL_i`$ using $`F(t^\tau r)`$ in (50). In contrast, equation (89) uses $`F(2t^\tau r)`$. As $`F`$ increases from 0 to 1 on $`[1,2]`$, this means that in Definition 6.1 we glued $`X^{}`$ and $`tL_i`$ together on the annuli $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (t^\tau ,2t^\tau )\right)`$, but in (89) we glue $`v_i^{𝐜_i}`$ and $`c_i^j`$ together on the annuli $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j\times (\frac{1}{2}t^\tau ,t^\tau )\right)`$. This will be important in §7.2, where the fact that $`w_𝐝^t`$ is constant on the annuli $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (t^\tau ,2t^\tau )\right)`$ will simplify the calculations.

The point of Definition 7.1 is that $`w_𝐝^t`$ is made by gluing together the constant function $`d_k`$ on $`X_k^{}`$ with the harmonic function $`t_{}(v_i^{𝐜_i})`$ on $`tL_i`$. This is asymptotic to $`d_{k(i,j)}`$ on the $`j^{\mathrm{th}}`$ end of $`tL_i`$, which is glued into $`X_{k(i,j)}^{}`$. Thus, for small $`t`$ the functions $`d_{k(i,j)}`$ and $`t_{}(v_i^{𝐜_i})`$ are nearly equal in the annulus $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j\times (\frac{1}{2}t^\tau ,t^\tau )\right)`$ where they are glued together.

Thus we expect $`w_𝐝^t`$ to be nearly harmonic on $`N^t`$ for small $`t`$, that is, $`\mathrm{d}^{}\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t`$ is small compared to $`w_𝐝^t`$. The next proposition estimates $`w_𝐝^t,\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t`$ and $`\mathrm{d}^{}\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t`$.

###### Proposition 7.3

In the situation of Definition 7.1, for all $`t(0,\delta )`$, $`𝐝=(d_1,\mathrm{},d_q)^q`$, $`\beta (2m,0)`$ and $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ we have

$`|w_𝐝^t|`$ $`\mathrm{max}(|d_1|,\mathrm{},|d_q|)\text{on }N^t\text{,}`$ (90)
$`\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t=\mathrm{d}^{}\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t`$ $`=0\text{on }K\text{ and }\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times [t^\tau ,R^{})\right)\text{,}`$ (91)
$`\left|(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t)\right|(\sigma ,r)`$ $`=O\left(|𝐝|t^\beta r^{\beta 1}\right)\text{on }\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau )\text{,}`$ (92)
$`\left|(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(\mathrm{d}^{}\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t)\right|(\sigma ,r)`$ $`=O\left(|𝐝|t^\beta r^{\beta 1}\right)\text{on }\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,\frac{1}{2}t^\tau ]\text{,}`$ (93)
$`\left|(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(\mathrm{d}^{}\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t)\right|(\sigma ,r)`$ $`=O\left(|𝐝|t^{\beta +\tau (\beta 2)}\right)\text{on }\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (\frac{1}{2}t^\tau ,t^\tau )\text{,}`$ (94)
$`\text{and}|\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t|`$ $`=O\left(|𝐝|t^1\right),|\mathrm{d}^{}\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t|=O\left(|𝐝|t^1\right)\text{on }P_i^t\text{.}`$ (95)
Here $`\mathrm{d}^{}`$ and $`|.|`$ are computed using $`h^t`$ or $`(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(h^t)`$.

Proof. Since $`v_i^{𝐜_i}`$ is harmonic it has no strict maxima or minima in $`L_i`$ by the maximum principle, and as it approaches $`d_{k(i,j)}`$ on the $`j^{\mathrm{th}}`$ end we see that $`\left|v_i^{𝐜_i}\right|\mathrm{max}(|d_1|,\mathrm{},|d_q|)`$ on $`L_i`$. Equation (90) then follows from the definition of $`w_𝐝^t`$ above. Also $`w_𝐝^t`$ is constant on $`K`$ and $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times [t^\tau ,R^{})\right)`$, so (91) holds.

Let $`h_i`$ be the metric $`g^{}|_{L_i}`$ on $`L_i`$. Then we have

$`(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_it)^{}(h^t)`$ $`=t^2h_i+O(t^3)`$ on $`K_i`$, and (96)
$`(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_it\phi _i)^{}(h^t)`$ $`=t^2\phi _i^{}(h_i)+O(t^2r)`$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau )`$. (97)
Therefore the metrics $`h^t`$ on $`P_i^t`$ and $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau )\right)`$ and $`t^2h_i`$ on the corresponding regions of $`L_i`$ are uniformly equivalent for small $`t`$. Using this, (88) and (89) we deduce (92) and the first equation of (95).

By the same method we also find that

$`|^2w_𝐝^t|`$ $`=O\left(|𝐝|t^2\right)`$ on $`P_i^t`$, and (98)
$`\left|(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(^2w_𝐝^t)\right|(\sigma ,r)`$ $`=O\left(|𝐝|t^\beta r^{\beta 2}\right)`$ on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau )`$, (99)
computing $``$ and $`|.|`$ using $`h^t`$ or $`(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(h^t)`$. Equation (94) then follows from (99) with $`r(\frac{1}{2}t^\tau ,t^\tau )`$, as $`|\mathrm{d}^{}\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t||^2w_𝐝^t|`$.

Now from (96) and a similar equation for derivatives we find that

$$\mathrm{d}_{h^t}^{}\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t=\mathrm{d}_{t^2h_i}^{}\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t+O(t)|^2w_𝐝^t|+O(1)|\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t|\text{on }P_i^t\text{,}$$
(100)
where $`\mathrm{d}_{h^t}^{},\mathrm{d}_{t^2h_i}^{}`$ are $`\mathrm{d}^{}`$ computed using $`h^t,t^2h_i`$. But $`w_𝐝^t=(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_it)_{}(v_i^{𝐜_i})`$ on $`P_i^t`$, and $`v_i^{𝐜_i}`$ is harmonic w.r.t. $`h_i`$, and so w.r.t. $`t^2h_i`$. Hence $`\mathrm{d}_{t^2h_i}^{}\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t=0`$ on $`P_i^t`$, and combining (98), (100) and the first equation of (95) gives the second equation of (95). We prove (93) in the same way, using (92), (97) and (99). $`\mathrm{}`$

Another way to think about $`W^t`$ is that the Laplacian $`\mathrm{\Delta }^t=\mathrm{d}^{}\mathrm{d}`$ of $`h^t`$ on $`N^t`$ has $`q`$ small eigenvalues $`\lambda _1^t,\mathrm{},\lambda _q^t`$, counted with multiplicity and including 0, and $`W^t`$ approximates the sum of the corresponding eigenspaces of $`\mathrm{\Delta }^t`$. From Proposition 7.3 one can show that

$$w_𝐝^t_{L^2}=O(|𝐝|)\text{and}\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t_{L^2}=O(|𝐝|t^{(m2)/2}),$$

so that $`\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t_{L^2}^2=O(t^{m2})w_𝐝^t_{L^2}^2`$. This implies that the dominant eigenvectors of $`\mathrm{\Delta }^t`$ in $`w_𝐝^t`$ have eigenvalues $`O(t^{m2})`$, so $`\lambda _k^t=O(t^{m2})`$ as $`t0`$.

### 7.2 Part (i) of Theorem 5.3: estimating $`\pi _{W^t}(\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t)_{L^1}`$

We need to bound $`\pi _{W^t}(\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t)_{L^1}`$ to prove part (i) of Theorem 5.3 for $`N^t,W^t`$. Writing $`\epsilon ^t=\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t`$ as in Definition 6.2, we shall do this by first estimating $`_{N^t}w_𝐝^t\epsilon ^tdV^t`$ for all $`𝐝^q`$. As $`w_𝐝^td_k`$ on $`KX_k^{}`$ and on $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j\times [t^\tau ,R^{})\right)`$ when $`k(i,j)=k`$, we see that

$$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill _{N^t}w_𝐝^t\epsilon ^tdV^t=& \underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{}}\left(_{P_i^t}w_𝐝^t\epsilon ^tdV^t+_{\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau ))}w_𝐝^t\epsilon ^tdV^t\right)\hfill \\ \hfill +& \underset{k=1}{\overset{q}{}}d_k\left(_{KX_k^{}}\epsilon ^tdV^t+\underset{\begin{array}{c}1in,\mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}1}jl_i:\\ k(i,j)=k\end{array}}{}_{\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j\times [t^\tau ,R^{}))}\epsilon ^tdV^t\right).\hfill \end{array}$$
(101)
The next two propositions bound the bracketed terms on each line.

###### Proposition 7.4

For all $`t(0,\delta )`$, $`𝐝^q`$ and $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ we have

$$_{P_i^t}w_𝐝^t\epsilon ^tdV^t+_{\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau ))}w_𝐝^t\epsilon ^tdV^t=O\left(|𝐝|t^{(m+1)\tau }\right).$$
(102)
Proof. We have $`|w_𝐝^t||𝐝|`$ on $`N^t`$ by (90). On $`P_i^t`$ we have $`|\epsilon ^t|Ct`$ by (55). As $`vol(P_i^t)=O(t^m)`$, this implies that the first integral in (102) is $`O\left(|𝐝|t^{m+1}\right)`$. Similarly, on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau )`$ we have $`\left|(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t)^{}(\epsilon ^t)\right|CrCt^\tau `$ by (53). As $`vol\left(\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^\tau ))\right)=O(t^{m\tau })`$, this implies that the second integral in (102) is $`O\left(|𝐝|t^{(m+1)\tau }\right)`$. The proposition follows. $`\mathrm{}`$

###### Proposition 7.5

For all $`t(0,\delta )`$, $`𝐝^q`$ and $`k=1,\mathrm{},q`$ we have

$$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill _{KX_k^{}}\epsilon ^tdV^t& +\underset{\begin{array}{c}1in,\mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}1}jl_i:\\ k(i,j)=k\end{array}}{}_{\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j\times [t^\tau ,R^{}))}\epsilon ^tdV^t=\hfill \\ & t^m\underset{\begin{array}{c}1in,\mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}1}jl_i:\\ k(i,j)=k\end{array}}{}\psi (x_i)^mZ(L_i)[\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j]+O\left(t^{(m+1)\tau }\right),\hfill \end{array}$$
(103)
where $`Z(L_i)H^{m1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i,)`$ is as in §4.1, and $`[\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j]H_{m1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i,)`$.

Proof. As $`\epsilon ^t\mathrm{d}V^t=Im\mathrm{\Omega }|_{N^t}`$, the left hand side of (103) is the integral of $`Im\mathrm{\Omega }`$ over the $`m`$-chain

$$Z_k=\left(KX_k^{}\right)+\underset{\begin{array}{c}1in,\mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}1}jl_i:\\ k(i,j)=k\end{array}}{}\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j\times [t^\tau ,R^{})\right)$$

for $`k=1,\mathrm{},q`$, which is a closed subset of $`N^t`$, with boundary $`(m1)`$-chain

$$Z_k=\underset{\begin{array}{c}1in,\mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}1}jl_i:\\ k(i,j)=k\end{array}}{}\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j\times \{t^\tau \}\right).$$
(104)
For each $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ and $`j=1,\mathrm{},l_i`$, define an $`m`$-chain $`A_i^j`$ in $`B_R`$ to be the image of $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j\times [0,1]`$ under the map $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j\times [0,1]B_R`$ given by

$$(\sigma ,r)r\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}(\sigma ,t^\tau ,t^2\chi _i^1(\sigma ,t^{\tau 1}),t^2\chi _i^2(\sigma ,t^{\tau 1})).$$

As $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\mathrm{\Phi }_{C_i}(\sigma ,t^\tau ,t^2\chi _i^1(\sigma ,t^{\tau 1}),t^2\chi _i^2(\sigma ,t^{\tau 1}))\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t(\sigma ,t^\tau )`$ for $`\sigma \mathrm{\Sigma }_i`$ by Definition 6.1, we see that

$$\left(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i(A_i^j)\right)=\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j\times \{t^\tau \}\right),$$
(105)
regarding $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i(A_i^j)`$ as an $`m`$-chain in $`M`$.

Now define another $`m`$-chain $`Z_k^{}`$ for $`k=1,\mathrm{},q`$ to be

$$Z_k^{}=\overline{X_k^{}}\underset{\begin{array}{c}1in,\mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}1}jl_i:\\ k(i,j)=k\end{array}}{}\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i(A_i^j).$$

As $`\overline{X_k^{}}`$ is an $`m`$-chain without boundary, we see from (104) and (105) that $`Z_k^{}=Z_k`$, and in fact it is easy to see that $`Z_k^{}`$ and $`Z_k`$ are homologous in $`M`$. Since $`Im\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is a closed $`m`$-form on $`M`$, this implies that $`_{Z_k^{}}Im\mathrm{\Omega }=_{Z_k}Im\mathrm{\Omega }`$. But $`Im\mathrm{\Omega }|_{X_k^{}}0`$ as $`X_k^{}`$ is special Lagrangian. Hence we see that

$$_{Z_k}Im\mathrm{\Omega }=\underset{\begin{array}{c}1in,\mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}1}jl_i:\\ k(i,j)=k\end{array}}{}_{A_i^j}\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(Im\mathrm{\Omega }).$$
(106)
From Definition 5 we have $`\upsilon _i^{}(\mathrm{\Omega })=\psi (x_i)^m\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$, where $`\mathrm{\Omega }^{}`$ is as in (1). Thus as $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(\mathrm{\Omega })`$ is smooth on $`B_R`$, Taylor’s theorem gives

$$\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(Im\mathrm{\Omega })=\psi (x_i)^mIm\mathrm{\Omega }^{}+O(r)\text{on }B_R\text{.}$$
(107)
Now $`A_i^j`$ is an $`m`$-chain in $`B_R^m`$ with boundary in the AC SL $`m`$-fold $`tL_i`$, and $`[A_i^j]H_{m1}(tL_i,)`$ is the image of $`[\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j]H_{m1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i,)`$ under the map $`H_{m1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i,)H_{m1}(L_i,)`$ dual to the natural map $`H^{m1}(L_i,)H^{m1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i,)`$. It then follows easily from Definition 4.1 and Lemma 4.4 that

$$_{A_i^j}Im\mathrm{\Omega }^{}=Z(tL_i)[\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j]=t^mZ(L_i)[\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j].$$
(108)
But as $`r=O(t^\tau )`$ on $`A_i^j`$ and $`vol(A_i^j)=O(t^{m\tau })`$ we see from (107) that

$$_{A_i^j}\left(\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i^{}(Im\mathrm{\Omega })\psi (x_i)^mIm\mathrm{\Omega }^{}\right)=O(t^{(m+1)\tau }).$$
(109)
Equation (103) now follows from (106), (108), (109), and the fact that the left hand side of (103) is $`_{Z_k}Im\mathrm{\Omega }`$. This completes the proof. $`\mathrm{}`$

We can now explain the reason for the condition (86) in Definition 7.1. If (86) holds then the first term on the right hand side of (103) is zero, and therefore (101) and Propositions 102 and 7.5 show that $`_{N^t}w_𝐝^t\epsilon ^tdV^t=O\left(|𝐝|t^{(m+1)\tau }\right)`$. This in turn implies that $`\pi _{W^t}(\epsilon ^t)_{L^1}=O(t^{(m+1)\tau })`$.

Therefore $`\pi _{W^t}(\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t)_{L^1}A_2t^{\kappa +m1}`$ for some $`A_2>0`$ and $`\kappa >1`$ and all $`t(0,\delta )`$, as $`\epsilon ^t=\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t`$ and $`\tau >\frac{m}{m+1}`$ by (87). This is one of the conditions in part (i) of Theorem 5.3 for $`N^t,W^t`$. However, if (86) does not hold then $`\pi _{W^t}(\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t)_{L^1}=O(t^m)`$, and part (i) of Theorem 5.3 for $`N^t,W^t`$ does not hold for all $`t(0,\delta )`$ with $`\kappa >1`$, so the construction fails.

Here is the analogue of Theorem 6.6.

###### Theorem 7.6

Making $`\delta >0`$ smaller if necessary, there exist $`A_2>0`$ and $`\kappa >1`$ such that $`\epsilon ^t=\psi ^m\mathrm{sin}\theta ^t`$ on $`N^t`$ satisfies $`\epsilon ^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}A_2t^{\kappa +m/2}`$, $`\epsilon ^t_{C^0}A_2t^{\kappa 1}`$, $`\mathrm{d}\epsilon ^t_{L^{2m}}A_2t^{\kappa 3/2}`$ and $`\pi _{W^t}(\epsilon ^t)_{L^1}A_2t^{\kappa +m1}`$ for all $`t(0,\delta )`$, as in part (i) of Theorem 5.3.

Proof. Theorem 6.6 shows that there exist $`A_2>0`$ and $`\kappa >1`$ such that $`\epsilon ^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}A_2t^{\kappa +m/2}`$, $`\epsilon ^t_{C^0}A_2t^{\kappa 1}`$, and $`\mathrm{d}\epsilon ^t_{L^{2m}}A_2t^{\kappa 3/2}`$ for all $`t(0,\delta )`$. It remains to consider the condition $`\pi _{W^t}(\epsilon ^t)_{L^1}A_2t^{\kappa +m1}`$.

Combining equations (86) and (101) and Propositions 102 and 7.5 gives

$$_{N^t}w_𝐝^t\epsilon ^tdV^t=O\left(|𝐝|t^{(m+1)\tau }\right)\text{for all }𝐝^q\text{ and }t(0,\delta )\text{.}$$
(110)
One can show from Definition 7.1 that $`w_𝐝^t_{L^2}C|𝐝|`$ for some $`C>0`$ and all $`𝐝^q`$ and $`t(0,\delta )`$. This and (110) imply that $`\pi _{W^t}(\epsilon ^t)_{L^2}=O(t^{(m+1)\tau })`$. But $`\pi _{W^t}(\epsilon ^t)_{L^1}vol(N^t)^{1/2}\pi _{W^t}(\epsilon ^t)_{L^2}`$, and $`vol(N^t)=O(1)`$. Therefore

$$\pi _{W^t}(\epsilon ^t)_{L^1}=O(t^{(m+1)\tau })\text{for all }t(0,\delta )\text{.}$$
(111)
Make $`\kappa >1`$ smaller if necessary so that $`\kappa +m1(m+1)\tau `$. This is possible as $`(m+1)\tau >m`$ by (87). Now make $`A_2>0`$ bigger and $`\delta >0`$ smaller if necessary so that $`\pi _{W^t}(\epsilon ^t)_{L^1}A_2t^{\kappa +m1}`$ for all $`t(0,\delta )`$. This is possible by (111), as $`\kappa +m1(m+1)\tau `$. The previous inequalities $`\epsilon ^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}A_2t^{\kappa +m/2}`$, $`\epsilon ^t_{C^0}A_2t^{\kappa 1}`$ and $`\mathrm{d}\epsilon ^t_{L^{2m}}A_2t^{\kappa 3/2}`$ for $`t(0,\delta )`$ still hold with the new $`A_2,\kappa `$, as we have increased $`A_2`$ and decreased $`\kappa `$, and $`t<1`$. Thus there exist $`A_2,\kappa `$ satisfying the conditions of the theorem. $`\mathrm{}`$

### 7.3 Parts (vi) and (vii) of Theorem 5.3

We now explain how to modify the material of §6.4 to the case when $`X^{}`$ is not connected. Thus we prove that parts (vi) and (vii) of Theorem 5.3 hold for $`N^t`$ and $`W^t`$. Here is the analogue of Proposition 73.

###### Proposition 7.7

In the situation of §7.1, there exists $`D_2>0`$ such that for all $`vC_{\mathrm{cs}}^1(X^{})`$ we have

$$v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}D_2\left(\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}+_{k=1}^q\left|_{X_k^{}}vdV_g\right|\right).$$
(112)
Proof. Applying Proposition 73 to each connected component $`X_k^{}`$ of $`X^{}`$ gives constants $`D_{2,k}>0`$ for $`k=1,\mathrm{},q`$ such that

$$v|_{X_k^{}}_{L^{2m/(m2)}}D_{2,k}\left(\mathrm{d}v|_{X_k^{}}_{L^2}+\left|_{X_k^{}}vdV_g\right|\right).$$
(113)
Then summing (113) over $`k=1,\mathrm{},q`$ and using

$$v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}_{k=1}^qv|_{X_k^{}}_{L^{2m/(m2)}}\text{and}_{k=1}^q\mathrm{d}v|_{X_k^{}}_{L^2}q^{1/2}\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}$$

proves (112), with $`D_2=q^{1/2}\mathrm{max}(D_{2,1},\mathrm{},D_{2,q})`$. $`\mathrm{}`$

Here is the analogue of Theorem 6.12. The condition $`_{N^t}vwdV^t=0`$ for all $`wW^t`$ is equivalent to $`\pi _{W^t}(v)=0`$, so the theorem proves part (vi) of Theorem 5.3 for $`N^t,W^t`$, with $`A_7`$ independent of $`t`$.

###### Theorem 7.8

Making $`\delta >0`$ smaller if necessary, there exists $`A_7>0`$ such that for all $`t(0,\delta )`$, if $`vL_1^2(N^t)`$ with $`_{N^t}vwdV^t=0`$ for all $`wW^t`$ then $`vL^{2m/(m2)}(N^t)`$ and $`v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}A_7\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}`$.

Proof. Let $`a,b,G`$ and $`F^t`$ be as in the proof of Theorem 6.12. Then $`F^t:N^t[0,1]`$ is smooth with $`F^t1`$ on $`K`$, and $`F^t0`$ on $`P_i^t`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$. The support of $`F^t`$ is a subset of $`N^tX^{}`$, so we can also regard $`F^t`$ as a compactly-supported function on $`X^{}`$. For $`k=1,\mathrm{},q`$, let $`F_k^t`$ be the smooth, compactly-supported function on $`X^{}`$ equal to $`F^t`$ on $`X_k^{}`$ and zero on $`X_k^{}^{}`$ for $`k^{}k`$. Then $`F_k^t`$ is supported on $`X_k^{}`$, and $`F^t=_{k=1}^qF_k^t`$. Moreover, extending $`F_k^t`$ by zero outside $`N^tX^{}`$ we can also regard $`F_k^t`$ as a smooth, compactly-supported function on $`N^t`$, and $`F^t=_{k=1}^qF_k^t`$ holds on $`N^t`$ as well.

Suppose now that $`t(0,\delta )`$ and $`vC^1(N^t)`$ with $`_{N^t}vwdV^t=0`$ for all $`wW^t`$. Then $`F^tv`$ is supported in $`N^tX^{}`$, so we can regard it as a compactly-supported function on $`X^{}`$ and apply Proposition 112 to it. This gives

$$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill F^tv_{L^{2m/(m2)}}& D_2\left(\mathrm{d}(F^tv)_{L^2}+_{k=1}^q\left|_{X_k^{}}F^tvdV_g\right|\right)\hfill \\ & =D_2\left(F^t\mathrm{d}v+v\mathrm{d}F^t_{L^2}+_{k=1}^q\left|_{N^t}F_k^tvdV^t\right|\right).\hfill \end{array}$$
(114)
Here in the second line we use the fact that $`F^t`$ is supported in $`N^tX^{}`$, so $`h^t=g|_X^{}`$ and $`\mathrm{d}V_g=\mathrm{d}V^t`$ in the support of $`F^t`$.

Let $`e_1,\mathrm{},e_q`$ be the usual basis of $`^q`$, so that $`e_k=(\delta _{1k},\delta _{2k},\mathrm{},\delta _{qk})`$ for $`k=1,\mathrm{},q`$. As $`_{N^t}vw_{e_k}^tdV^t=0`$ by choice of $`v`$ we have

$$\left|_{N^t}F_k^tvdV^t\right|=\left|_{N^t}(F_k^tw_{e_k}^t)vdV^t\right|v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}F_k^tw_{e_k}^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}.$$

Substituting this into (114) and using Hölder’s inequality we get

$$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill F^tv_{L^{2m/(m2)}}D_2(& F^t\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}+v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}\mathrm{d}F^t_{L^m}\hfill \\ & +v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}_{k=1}^qF_k^tw_{e_k}^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}).\hfill \end{array}$$
(115)
This is the analogue of (79).

Now by the definitions of $`F_k^t`$ and $`w_{e_k}^t`$ we have

$$F_k^t(x)=w_{e_k}^t(x)=\{\begin{array}{cc}1,\hfill & xKX_k^{},\hfill \\ 1,\hfill & x\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j\times [t^a,R^{})\right)\text{ when }k(i,j)=k\text{,}\hfill \\ 0,\hfill & xKX_k^{}^{}\text{ for }k^{}k,\hfill \\ 0,\hfill & x\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j\times [t^a,R^{})\right)\text{ for }k(i,j)k\text{.}\hfill \end{array}$$

Hence $`F_k^tw_{e_k}^t`$ is zero on most of $`N^t`$. The support of $`F_k^tw_{e_k}^t`$ is contained in the union of $`P_i^t`$ and $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,t^a)\right)`$ over $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, which has volume $`O(t^{ma})`$, and here $`|F_k^tw_{e_k}^t|1`$ as $`0F_k^t,w_{e_k}^t1`$. Hence

$$F_k^tw_{e_k}^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}=O(t^{a(m+2)/2})\text{for }k=1,\mathrm{},q\text{.}$$
(116)
Following the proof of Theorem 6.12 without change, we prove (82). Using (115) instead of (79), in place of (83) we obtain

$`[1(D_2+2\sqrt{n}D_1)`$ $`\mathrm{d}F^t_{L^m}D_2_{k=1}^qF_k^tw_{e_k}^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}]v_{L^{2m/(m2)}}`$
$`(D_2+2\sqrt{n}D_1)\mathrm{d}v_{L^2}.`$
Using (116) instead of $`1F^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}=O(t^{a(m+2)/2})`$, the rest of the proof follows that of Theorem 6.12. $`\mathrm{}`$

We now prove part (vii) of Theorem 5.3 for $`N^t,W^t`$, with $`A_7`$ as above.

###### Theorem 7.9

Making $`\delta >0`$ smaller if necessary, for all $`t(0,\delta )`$ and $`wW^t`$ we have $`\mathrm{d}^{}\mathrm{d}w_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}\frac{1}{2}A_7^1\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}`$, where $`A_7>0`$ is as in Theorem 7.8. Also there exists $`A_8>0`$ such that for all $`t(0,\delta )`$ and $`wW^t`$ with $`_{N^t}wdV^t=0`$ we have $`w_{C^0}A_8t^{1m/2}\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}`$.

Proof. Following the method of Proposition 6.5, using the estimates of Proposition 7.3 and taking $`2m<\beta <\frac{1}{2}(2m)`$ we find that for some $`D_3>0`$ and all $`t(0,\delta )`$ and $`w_𝐝^tW^t`$ we have

$`\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t_{L^2}`$ $`D_3|𝐝|t^{(m2)/2}\text{and}`$ (117)
$`\mathrm{d}^{}\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}`$ $`D_3|𝐝|t^{m/2}+D_3|𝐝|t^{2\beta (\tau 1)+\tau (m2)}.`$ (118)
Also, as $`w_𝐝^t=d_k`$ on $`KX_k^{}`$, from (90) we deduce that

$$w_𝐝^t_{C^0}=\mathrm{max}(|d_1|,\mathrm{},|d_q|)|𝐝|.$$
(119)
However, (117)–(119) are not enough to prove the theorem, as (117) gives an upper bound for $`\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t_{L^2}`$, but we actually need a lower bound. Now on $`P_i^t`$ and $`\mathrm{\Xi }_i^t\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i\times (tT,\frac{1}{2}t^\tau ]\right)`$, by definition $`w_𝐝^t`$ coincides with $`v_i^{𝐜_i}`$ on the corresponding regions of $`L_i`$. Using (96) to compare the volume forms $`\mathrm{d}V^t`$ of $`h^t`$ on $`N^t`$ and $`\mathrm{d}V_{h_i}`$ of $`h_i=g^{}|_{L_i}`$ on $`L_i`$, from (91), (92) and (95) we can show that

$$\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t_{L^2}^2=t^{m2}\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{}}\mathrm{d}v_i^{𝐜_i}_{L^2}^2+O\left(|𝐝|^2t^{m1}\right)+O\left(|𝐝|^2t^{\beta (\tau 1)+\tau (m2)/2}\right),$$
(120)
where $`\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t_{L^2}`$ is computed on $`N^t`$ using $`h^t`$, and $`\mathrm{d}v_i^{𝐜_i}_{L^2}`$ on $`L_i`$ using $`h_i`$.

Now $`v_i^{𝐜_i}`$ depends only on $`𝐝`$ and not on $`t`$, and in fact only on $`d_{k(i,j)}`$ for $`j=1,\mathrm{},l_i`$. Also $`\mathrm{d}v_i^{𝐜_i}_{L^2}`$ depends only on the differences $`d_{k(i,j)}d_{k(i,j^{})}`$ for $`1j<j^{}l_i`$, as adding an overall constant to $`d_k`$ adds a constant to $`v_i^{𝐜_i}`$, and does not change $`\mathrm{d}v_i^{𝐜_i}`$.

For each $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, define an equivalence relation $``$ on pairs $`(i,j)`$ for $`j=1,\mathrm{},l_i`$ by $`(i,j)(i,j^{})`$ if $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j`$ and $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j^{}`$ are ends at infinity of the same connected component of $`L_i`$. Then one can show that

$$\mathrm{d}v_i^{𝐜_i}_{L^2}^2C_i\underset{\begin{array}{c}1j<j^{}l_i:\\ (i,j)(i,j^{})\end{array}}{}|d_{k(i,j)}d_{k(i,j^{})}|^2,$$
(121)
for all $`𝐝^q`$ and $`C_i>0`$ depending only on $`L_i`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$.

The point here is that if $`d_{k(i,j)}=d_{k(i,j^{})}`$ whenever $`(i,j)(i,j^{})`$ then $`v_i^{𝐜_i}`$ is constant on each connected component of $`L_i`$, and $`\mathrm{d}v_i^{𝐜_i}0`$, so both sides of (121) are zero. But otherwise $`v_i^{𝐜_i}`$ is not constant, and both sides of (121) are positive. Summing (121) over $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$, and remembering that the $`N^t`$ are connected by Definition 7.1, we can prove that

$$\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{}}\mathrm{d}v_i^{𝐜_i}_{L^2}^22D_4^2\left(|𝐝|^2\frac{1}{q}(d_1+\mathrm{}+d_q)^2\right),$$
(122)
for all $`𝐝^q`$, and some $`D_4>0`$ depending only on $`C_1,\mathrm{},C_n`$, the $`k(i,j)`$, and the equivalence relations $``$.

Combining (120) and (122) shows that for all $`𝐝^q`$ with $`d_1+\mathrm{}+d_q=0`$ and $`t(0,\delta )`$ we have

$$\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t_{L^2}^22D_4^2|𝐝|^2t^{m2}+O\left(|𝐝|^2t^{m1}\right)+O\left(|𝐝|^2t^{\beta (\tau 1)+\tau (m2)/2}\right).$$

As $`\beta <\frac{1}{2}(2m)`$ and $`\tau (0,1)`$, both error terms are smaller than $`|𝐝|^2t^{m2}`$ for small $`t`$. Hence, making $`\delta >0`$ smaller if necessary we see that when $`t(0,\delta )`$,

$$\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t_{L^2}D_4|𝐝|t^{(m2)/2}\text{for }𝐝^q\text{ with }d_1+\mathrm{}+d_q=0\text{.}$$
(123)
Now make $`\delta >0`$ smaller if necessary so that for all $`t(0,\delta )`$, we have

$$D_3|𝐝|t^{m/2}+D_3|𝐝|t^{2\beta (\tau 1)+\tau (m2)}\frac{1}{2}A_7^1D_4|𝐝|t^{(m2)/2}.$$
(124)
This is possible as both powers of $`t`$ on the left are greater than the power on the right. Combining (118), (123) and (124) shows that when $`t(0,\delta )`$,

$$\mathrm{d}^{}\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}\frac{1}{2}A_7^1\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t_{L^2}\text{for }𝐝^q\text{ with }d_1+\mathrm{}+d_q=0\text{.}$$
(125)
Now let $`t(0,\delta )`$ and $`wW^t`$. Then $`w=w_𝐝^{}^t`$ for some $`𝐝^{}^q`$. Let $`c=\frac{1}{q}(d_1^{}+\mathrm{}+d_q^{})`$, let $`d_k=d_k^{}c`$, and $`𝐝=(d_1,\mathrm{},d_q)`$. Then $`d_1+\mathrm{}+d_q=0`$, and $`w=w_𝐝^t+c`$, since $`w_𝐝^t`$ depends linearly on $`𝐝`$ and $`w_{(1,\mathrm{},1)}^t1`$. Thus $`\mathrm{d}w=\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t`$, and (125) holds, giving $`\mathrm{d}^{}\mathrm{d}w_{L^{2m/(m+2)}}\frac{1}{2}A_7^1\mathrm{d}w_{L^2}`$, as we have to prove.

Suppose also that $`_{N^t}wdV^t=0`$. Then by the proof of (119) we see that

$$\mathrm{min}(d_1^{},\mathrm{},d_q^{})=\underset{N^t}{\mathrm{min}}w0\underset{N^t}{\mathrm{max}}w=\mathrm{max}(d_1^{},\mathrm{},d_q^{}).$$

Using this it is easy to show that

$$w_{C^0}=\mathrm{max}(|d_1^{}|,\mathrm{},|d_q^{}|)2\mathrm{max}(|d_1|,\mathrm{},|d_q|)2|𝐝|.$$
(126)
Define $`A_8=2D_4^1>0`$. Then using (123), (126) and $`\mathrm{d}w=\mathrm{d}w_𝐝^t`$ we find that

$$w_{C^0}2|𝐝|=A_8t^{1m/2}D_4|𝐝|t^{(m2)/2}A_8t^{1m/2}\mathrm{d}w_{L^2},$$

for all $`t(0,\delta )`$ and $`wW^t`$ with $`_{N^t}wdV^t=0`$. This completes the proof. $`\mathrm{}`$

### 7.4 The main results, when $`X^{}`$ is not connected

We can now state our second main result on desingularizations of SL $`m`$-folds $`X`$ with conical singularities, this time allowing $`X^{}`$ not connected.

###### Theorem 7.10

Suppose $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$ is an almost Calabi–Yau $`m`$-fold and $`X`$ a compact SL $`m`$-fold in $`M`$ with conical singularities at $`x_1,\mathrm{},x_n`$ and cones $`C_1,\mathrm{},C_n`$. Define $`\psi :M(0,\mathrm{})`$ as in (3). Let $`L_1,\mathrm{},L_n`$ be Asymptotically Conical SL $`m`$-folds in $`^m`$ with cones $`C_1,\mathrm{},C_n`$ and rates $`\lambda _1,\mathrm{},\lambda _n`$. Suppose $`\lambda _i<0`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$. Write $`X^{}=X\{x_1,\mathrm{},x_n\}`$ and $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i=C_i𝒮^{2m1}`$.

Set $`q=b^0(X^{})`$, and let $`X_1^{},\mathrm{},X_q^{}`$ be the connected components of $`X^{}`$. For $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ let $`l_i=b^0(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i)`$, and let $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^1,\mathrm{},\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^{l_i}`$ be the connected components of $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i`$. Define $`k(i,j)=1,\mathrm{},q`$ by $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}_i\phi _i\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j\times (0,R^{})\right)X_{k(i,j)}^{}`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ and $`j=1,\mathrm{},l_i`$. Suppose that

$$\underset{\begin{array}{c}1in,\mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}1}jl_i:\\ k(i,j)=k\end{array}}{}\psi (x_i)^mZ(L_i)[\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j]=0\text{for all }k=1,\mathrm{},q\text{.}$$
(127)
Suppose also that the compact $`m`$-manifold $`N`$ obtained by gluing $`L_i`$ into $`X^{}`$ at $`x_i`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ is connected. A sufficient condition for this to hold is that $`X`$ and $`L_i`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$ are connected.

Then there exists $`ϵ>0`$ and a smooth family $`\{\stackrel{~}{N}^t:t(0,ϵ]\}`$ of compact, nonsingular SL $`m`$-folds in $`(M,J,\omega ,\mathrm{\Omega })`$ diffeomorphic to $`N`$, such that $`\stackrel{~}{N}^t`$ is constructed by gluing $`tL_i`$ into $`X`$ at $`x_i`$ for $`i=1,\mathrm{},n`$. In the sense of currents in Geometric Measure Theory, $`\stackrel{~}{N}^tX`$ as $`t0`$.

The proof follows that of Theorem 6.13, but using Definition 7.1 instead of Definitions 6.16.2, and defining $`W^t`$ as in Definition 7.1 rather than $`W^t=1`$. We use Theorem 7.6 instead of Theorem 6.6, and Theorems 7.8 and 7.9 instead of Theorem 6.12. Note that Theorem 6.8 still holds in this situation, as it does not assume that $`X^{}`$ is connected. The extra hypotheses (127) and that $`N`$ is connected come from Definition 7.1.

If $`X^{}`$ is connected, so that $`q=1`$, then $`k(i,j)1`$ and (127) becomes

$$\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{}}\psi (x_i)^mZ(L_i)\underset{j=1}{\overset{l_i}{}}[\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j]=0.$$

But $`_{j=1}^{l_i}[\mathrm{\Sigma }_i^j]=[\mathrm{\Sigma }_i]`$, and $`Z(L_i)[\mathrm{\Sigma }_i]=0`$ as $`Z(L_i)`$ is the image of a class in $`H^{m1}(L_i,)`$ by Definition 4.1, and $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i`$ is the boundary of $`L_i`$, so $`[\mathrm{\Sigma }_i]`$ maps to zero in $`H_{m1}(L_i,)`$. Therefore (127) holds automatically when $`X^{}`$ is connected, and Theorem 7.10 reduces to Theorem 6.13 in this case.