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# Affine Jacquet functors and Harish-Chandra categories

## 1. Introduction

Let $`𝔤`$ be a complex semisimple Lie algebra and $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ be the corresponding affine Kac–Moody algebra.

In this paper we define an affine version of the Jacquet functor , introduced by Casselman and Wallach, and use it to deduce properties of the affine Harish-Chandra categories and the Kazhdan–Lusztig fusion tensor product.

The standard Harish-Chandra category, associated to a real form $`𝔤_0`$ of $`𝔤`$ (consisting of finite length, admissible $`(𝔤,𝔨)`$-modules) will be denoted by $`.`$ The Jacquet module of $`VH`$ is given by

$$j(V)=\underset{}{lim}\mathrm{Ann}_{𝔫_0^k}V^{}V^{}$$

where $`𝔫_0`$ is the nil radical of a minimal parabolic subalgebra $`𝔮_0`$ of $`𝔤_0.`$ It is a faithful and exact (contravariant) functor from $``$ to a generalized Bernstein–Gelfand–Gelfand category, to be denoted by $`𝒪^{}.`$ (On the latter $`(𝔮_0/𝔫_0)_{}`$ only acts locally finitely, but in general not semisimply.)

The affine Harish-Chandra category $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ consists of finitely generated smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules of central charge $`\kappa h^{}`$ on which the Sugawara operator $`L_0`$ acts locally finitely and the corresponding generalized eigenspace decomposition of $`L_0`$ has the form

(1.1)
$$V=\underset{\xi :\xi \xi _i_0}{}V^\xi \text{for some}\xi _1,\mathrm{},\xi _n$$

where $`V^\xi ,`$ considered as $`𝔤`$-modules. These categories were introduced by Lian and Zuckerman  in a slightly different way. See section 2.3 for details. (As usual $`h^{}`$ denotes the dual Coxeter number of $`𝔤.)`$

The generalized affine Bernstein–Gelfand–Gelfand category $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{}`$ is the category of smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules of central charge $`\kappa h^{}`$ with the above property (1.1) and $`V^\xi 𝒪^{}.`$

The affine Jacquet functor is a faithful and exact (contravariant) functor $`\widehat{j}:\widehat{}_\kappa \widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{},`$ given by

(1.2)
$$\widehat{j}(V)=\left[j(V)^{\mathrm{}}(\mathrm{})\right]^{[L_0]fin}.$$

Here $`(.)^{\mathrm{}}`$ denotes the twist of a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module by the automorphism of $`𝔤:`$ $`(xt^n)^{\mathrm{}}=x(t)^n,`$ $`x𝔤,`$ $`K^{\mathrm{}}=K.`$ By $`(.)(\mathrm{})`$ we denote the strictly smooth part of a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module, see section 2.3. The notation $`W^{[L_0]fin}`$ is for the $`[L_0]`$ locally finite part of $`W.`$ This can be omitted in the case $`\kappa _0.`$

If the $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`V\widehat{}_\kappa `$ has the $`L_0`$ generalized eigenspace decomposition (1.1), then

$$\widehat{j}(V)=\underset{\xi :\xi \xi _i_0}{}\underset{}{lim}\mathrm{Ann}_{𝔫_0^k}(V^\xi )^{}$$

as $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-submodules of $`(V^{})^{\mathrm{}}`$ where $`(V^\xi )^{}`$ is identified with the subspace of $`V^{},`$ consisting of functionals vanishing on $`_{\xi ^{}\xi }V^\xi ^{}.`$

For every irreducible $`𝔤`$-module $`M`$ the induced $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module

$$\mathrm{Ind}(M)=U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})_{U(𝔤[t]K)}M$$

and its unique irreducible quotient $`\mathrm{Irr}(M)_\kappa `$ belong to $`\widehat{}_\kappa .`$ Here $`K`$ acts on $`M`$ by $`\kappa h^{}`$ and $`𝔤[t]`$ acts on $`M`$ through the quotient $`𝔤[t]𝔤[t]/t𝔤[t]𝔤.`$

We prove that

(1.3)
$$\widehat{j}(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa )=D(\mathrm{Ind}(j(M)^d)_\kappa )$$

where $`(.)^d`$ and $`D(.)`$ refer to certain natural duality functors in $``$ and $`\widehat{}_\kappa ,`$ respectively, see section 2.1 and 2.3.

The idea to use the Jacquet functor to study the structure of induced modules in the affine Harish-Chandra categories belongs to Lian and Zuckerman . They formulated a version of (1.3) but with the use of the standard Jacquet functor which makes it slightly incorrect.

From (1.3) we prove a generalization to the affine Harish-Chandra categories of the result of Kac and Kazhdan on the structure of Verma modules for Kac–Moody algebras:

If $`M`$ is an irreducible Harish-Chandra module with infinitesimal character $`\chi _\lambda 𝔥^{}/W`$ for some $`\lambda 𝔥^{},`$ then all irreducible subquotients of $`\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa `$ are isomorphic to $`\mathrm{Ind}(M_2)_\kappa `$ for some irreducible Harish-Chandra modules $`M_2`$ with infinitesimal character $`\chi _{\lambda _2}`$ such that there exists $`wW`$ for which the pair $`[w\lambda ,\lambda _2]𝔥^{}\times 𝔥^{}`$ satisfies the condition $`()`$ of Kac-Kazhdan, reviewed in Definition 2.7.

We further obtain in section 4.3 a block decomposition of the categories $`\widehat{}_\kappa ,`$ extending the works of Rocha-Caridi, Wallach  and Deodhad, Gabber, Kac  on block decomposition of the categories $`𝒪`$ for Kac–Moody algebras. Define the equivalence relation $``$ in $`𝔥,`$ induced by $`\lambda \mu `$ if $`\mu W\lambda `$ or the pair $`[\lambda ,\mu ]𝔥^{}\times 𝔥^{}`$ satisfies the condition $`()`$ in Definition 2.7. Then the categories of affine Harish-Chandra modules $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ posses the block decompositions

$$\widehat{}_\kappa =\underset{\widehat{\chi }(𝔥^{}/)}{}\widehat{}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }}.$$

The subcategories $`\widehat{}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }}`$ consist of modules $`V\widehat{}_\kappa `$ with a filtration by $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-submodules

$$0=W_0W_1\mathrm{}W_N=V$$

for which the subquotients $`W_i/W_{i1}`$ are isomorphic to quotients of $`\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa `$ for irreducible Harish-Chandra modules with infinitesimal characters in the class $`\widehat{\chi }(𝔥^{}/).`$ Similar result is proved for infinitely generated affine Harish-Chandra modules in analogy with .

We also show vanishing of $`\mathrm{Ext}`$ groups between different blocks in a much larger category in the spirit of the results of Rocha-Caridi and Wallach , and the vanishing of $`\mathrm{Ext}`$’s between blocks of $``$ in the larger category of all $`(𝔤,𝔨)`$-modules (neither finitely generated, nor admissible, in general), see \[3, Theorem 4.1, Ch 1\] and Proposition 2.1 below. This is done in section 4.2.

Our approach is very similar to the one of Rocha-Caridi, Wallach  and Deodhar, Gabber, Kac . (The paper  discusses only the case of vanishing of $`\mathrm{Ext}^1`$ groups in the the $`𝒪`$ category for an arbitrary Kac–Moody algebra and  the general case.) The proof of the vanishing of $`\mathrm{Ext}`$ groups in the category $`𝒪`$ in  uses the fact that modules from this category, restricted to the Cartan subalgebra of the extended affine Kac–Moody algebra belong to a semisimple category. On the contrary modules from the category $`\widehat{}_\kappa ,`$ which we treat, restricted to $`𝔤\widehat{𝔤}`$ form essentially the Harish-Chandra category (which is non-semisimple). The use of semisimplicity in  can be avoided. When written in terms of spectral sequences the arguments of  simplify a lot, as it is always the case in similar situations.

In section 5 we derive the following compatibility property between the affine Jacquet functor and the Kazhdan–Lusztig tensor product:

Let $`\kappa _0.`$ For any module $`U`$ in the Kazhdan–Lusztig category and $`V\widehat{}_\kappa `$ the following isomorphism holds:

(1.4)
$$\widehat{j}(U\dot{}V)D\left[U\dot{}D\widehat{j}(V)\right].$$

In  we showed that for any subalgebra $`𝔣`$ of $`𝔤`$ which is reductive in $`𝔤`$ the affine analogs of the categories of finite length, admissible $`(𝔤,𝔣)`$-modules are stable under the fusion tensoring with the Kazhdan–Lusztig category for $`\kappa _0.`$ This is an affine version Kostant’s theorem .

A modification of (1.4) provides another proof of a case of our result , namely that the affine Harish-Chandra category is stable under fusion tensoring with modules from the Kazhdan–Lusztig category.

The above compatibility of the fusion tensor product and the affine Jacquet functor will be further used in studying fusion translation functors in the spirit of Zuckerman  and Jantzen .

After the work of Beilinson and Bernstein  a very general nonvanishing of the Jacquet modules of a $`𝔤`$-module with an infinitesimal character (associated to the nilradicals of Borel subalgebras in a dense subset of the flag variety) is known. It is interesting to understand if this can be used to define block decomposition of the category of all smooth $`(L_0`$-locally finite) $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules for which $`V^\xi `$ are finitely generated $`U(𝔤)`$-modules on which the center of $`U(𝔤)`$ acts locally finitely. In this way the affine Jacquet functor would substitute very efficiently the triviality of the center of an affine Kac–Moody algebra.

Acknowledgments: I am indebted to Dan Barbasch, Yuri Berest, and Edward Frenkel for very helpful discussions and comments.

## 2. Preliminaries on real semisimple Lie algebras and affine Kac-Moody algebras

### 2.1. Real semisimple Lie algebras

Let $`𝔤_0`$ be a real semisimple Lie algebra with complexification $`𝔤=(𝔤_0)_{}.`$ Fix a Cartan decomposition of $`𝔤_0`$

$$𝔤_0=𝔨_0𝔭_0.$$

Let $`𝔞_0𝔭_0`$ be a maximal commutative subalgebra. Denote by $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_+`$ a fixed set of positive restricted roots of $`𝔤_0`$ with respect to $`𝔞_0`$ and set

$$𝔫_0=\underset{\lambda \mathrm{\Sigma }_+}{}𝔤_0^\lambda .$$

Define the minimal parabolic subalgebra of $`𝔤_0`$

$$𝔮_0=𝔪_0𝔞_0𝔫_0$$

where $`𝔪_0=Z_{𝔨_0}(𝔞_0).`$

Fix a maximal commutative subalgebra $`𝔱_0𝔪_0`$ and consider the related maximally noncompact Cartan subalgebra

$$𝔥_0=𝔱_0𝔞_0$$

of $`𝔤_0.`$ Then the complexification $`𝔥=(𝔥_0)_{}`$ is a Cartan subalgebra of $`𝔤`$ and one can find a set of positive roots $`\mathrm{\Delta }_+`$ for $`𝔤`$ relative to $`𝔥`$ which extends $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_+,`$ i.e.

$$\mathrm{\Delta }|_{𝔞_0}=\mathrm{\Sigma }_+\{0\}.$$

Denote the nil radical

$$𝔫_+=\underset{\lambda \mathrm{\Delta }_+}{}𝔤^\lambda $$

of the related positive Borel subalgebra. Then

$$𝔫_+(𝔫_0)_{}.$$

Recall that the category $``$ of Harish-Chandra modules for the pair $`(𝔤,𝔨)`$ is the category of finitely generated $`𝔤`$-modules $`V`$ such that

$$V|_𝔨=\underset{\mu }{}(V^\mu )^{m_\mu }$$

where $`V^\mu `$ are representatives of the equivalence classes of all irreducible finite dimensional $`𝔨`$-modules and the multiplicities $`m_\mu `$ are finite (admissibility condition). All Harish-Chandra modules have finite length.

The generalized Bernstein–Gelfand–Gelfand category $`𝒪^{}`$ for $`𝔤`$ related to the choice of Borel subalgebra $`𝔟`$ and Cartan subalgebra $`𝔥`$ as above, consists of finitely generated $`𝔤`$-modules $`V`$ on which $`𝔫_+`$ acts locally nilpotently and

$$V|_𝔥=\underset{\lambda 𝔥^{}}{}V_\lambda ,dimV_\lambda <\mathrm{}$$

where $`V_\lambda `$ denote the generalized eigenspaces of $`𝔥:`$

$$V_\lambda =\{vV(h\lambda (h))^kv=0,h𝔥\text{for some}k_{>0}\}.$$

The usual BGG category for $`𝔤`$ for the choices of Cartan and Borel subalgebras made will be denoted by $`𝒪.`$

The center of $`𝔤`$ will be denoted by $`Z(𝔤).`$ By the Harish-Chandra isomorphism $`Z(𝔤)S(𝔥)^W`$ and the characters of $`Z(𝔤)`$ are parametrized by $`𝔥^{}/W.`$ The character corresponding to $`\lambda 𝔥^{}`$ will be denoted by $`\chi _\lambda :Z(𝔤).`$ Recall that for the Casimir element of $`U(𝔤)`$

(2.1)
$$\chi _\lambda (\mathrm{\Omega })=|\lambda |^2|\rho |^2.$$

where $`\rho `$ is the half-sum of the positive roots of the Borel subalgebra of $`𝔤`$ used to define the Harish-Chandra isomorphism.

For a $`𝔤`$-module $`V`$ possessing an infinitesimal character, by $`\chi (V)`$ we will denote the latter.

The categories $``$ and $`𝒪^{}`$ posses block decompositions

(2.2)
$$=\underset{\chi 𝔥^{}/W}{}^\chi ,𝒪^{}=\underset{\chi 𝔥^{}/W}{}𝒪^{}_{}{}^{}\chi .$$

where $`^\chi `$ and $`𝒪^{}_{}{}^{}\chi `$ are the full subcategories of $``$ and $`𝒪^{},`$ respectively, consisting of modules with filtrations by $`𝔤`$-modules with infinitesimal character $`\chi .`$

Later we will need an important result on vanishing of $`\mathrm{Ext}`$ groups between Harish-Chandra modules modules from different blocks of $`,`$ see \[3, Chapter I, Theorem 4.1\]. Denote by $`𝒞_{(𝔤,𝔨)}`$ the category of $`(𝔤,𝔨)`$ modules, i.e. $`𝔤`$-modules which are locally $`𝔨`$-finite and $`𝔨`$-semisimple. It is well known that these categories have enough projectives and injectives, see e.g. \[3, Chapter I, 2.4\].

###### Proposition 2.1.

Assume that $`V_i^{\chi _i},`$ $`i=1,2`$ and $`\chi _1\chi _2.`$ Then

$$\mathrm{Ext}_{𝔤,𝔨}^n(V_1,V_2)=0,n_0$$

where $`\mathrm{Ext}_{𝔤,𝔨}^n`$ refer to the $`\mathrm{Ext}`$ groups in the category $`𝒞_{(𝔤,𝔨)}.`$

The categories $``$ and $`𝒪^{}`$ have natural duality functors (involutive antiequivalences). Both of them will be denoted by $`VV^d.`$ They are given by

(2.3) $`V^d`$ $`=(V^{})^{U(𝔨)fin},V,`$
(2.4) $`V^d`$ $`=(V^{})^{U(𝔥)fin},V.`$
Here and later for any module $`W`$ over a Lie algebra by $`W^{}`$ we denote the (full) dual module. For a $``$-algebra $`A`$ and an $`A`$-module $`W`$ we denote by $`W^{Afin}`$ the $`A`$-submodule of $`W`$ consisting of $`A`$-finite vectors, i.e.

$$W^{Afin}:=\{wWdimAw<\mathrm{}\}.$$

Clearly $`(.)^d`$ restricts to a functor from $`^{\chi _\lambda }`$ to $`^{\chi _\lambda }`$ and from $`𝒪^{{}_{}{}^{}\chi _{\lambda }^{}}`$ to $`𝒪^{{}_{}{}^{}\chi _{\lambda }^{}}.`$

### 2.2. The Jacquet functor

Fix $`V.`$ The natural increasing subsequence of $`𝔪_0𝔞_0`$-submodules of $`V`$

$$𝔫_0V𝔫_0^2V\mathrm{}$$

gives rise to the increasing subsequence of $`𝔪_0𝔞_0`$-submodules of $`V^{}`$

$$(V/𝔫_0V)^{}(V/𝔫_0^2V)^{}\mathrm{}.$$

Here for a subspace $`V_1`$ of $`V,`$ $`(V/V_1)^{}`$ is naturally identified with the subspace of $`V^{}`$ that consists of $`\eta V^{}`$ such that $`\eta |_{V_1}=0.`$ Note that

$$(V/𝔫_0^kV)^{}=\mathrm{Ann}_{𝔫_0^k}V^{}.$$

Finally the Jacquet module of $`V`$ is defined by

$$j(V)=\underset{}{lim}\mathrm{Ann}_{𝔫_0^k}V^{}=\underset{}{lim}(V/𝔫_0^kV)^{}.$$

Since the adjoint action of $`𝔫_0`$ on $`𝔤_0`$ is nilpotent the space $`j(V)`$ is a $`𝔤`$-submodule of $`V^{}.`$

###### Theorem 2.2.

(i) For any $`V,`$ $`dim(V/𝔫_0^kV)<\mathrm{}`$ and $`j(V)𝒪^{}.`$

(ii) The contravariant functor $`j:𝒪^{}`$ is faithful and exact.

Because of part (i) of the above theorem, the Jacquet functor is also given by

$$j(V)=\underset{}{lim}\mathrm{Ann}_{𝔫_+^k}V^{}=\underset{}{lim}(V/𝔫_+^kV)^{},$$

see section 2.1 for the definition of $`𝔫_+.`$

In fact the Jacquet functor takes values in the subcategory of $`𝒪^{}`$ consisting of $`𝔤`$-modules on which the Levi factor $`(𝔪_0𝔞_0)_{}`$ of the parabolic subalgebra $`𝔮=(𝔮_0)_{}`$ of $`𝔤`$ acts locally finitely.

It is also clear that $`j:^{\chi _\lambda }𝒪^{{}_{}{}^{}\chi _{\lambda }^{}}.`$

Recall that the Harish-Chandra category $``$ is stable under tensoring with finite dimensional modules. We have the following property, relating this tensoring with the Jacquet functor.

###### Proposition 2.3.

For any finite dimensional $`𝔤`$-module $`U`$ and a Harish-Chandra module $`V`$ the Jacquet module of $`UV`$ is given by

$$j(UV)U^{}j(V).$$

### 2.3. Untwisted Affine Kac–Moody algebras

Consider the loop algebra $`𝔤[t,t^1]=𝔤_{}[t,t^1].`$ The untwisted affine Kac-Moody algebra $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ associated to $`𝔤`$ is the central extension of this loop algebra by

(2.5)
$$[xt^n,yt^m]=[x,y]t^{n+m}+n\delta _{n,m}(x,y)K,x,y𝔤$$

where $`(.,.)`$ is an invariant nondegenerate bilinear form on $`𝔤`$ normalized by $`(\alpha ,\alpha )=2`$ for long roots $`\alpha `$ of $`(𝔤,𝔥).`$ For a full exposition of Kac–Moody algebras we refer to Kac’s book .

A $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`V`$ is called smooth if any $`vV`$ is annihilated by $`xt^n`$ for all $`x𝔤`$ and $`n0.`$

On any smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module of central charge $`\kappa h^{}`$ $`(\kappa 0)`$ one has a natural representation of the Virasoro algebra , given by the Sugawara operators

(2.6)
$$L_k=\frac{1}{2\kappa }\underset{p}{}\underset{j}{}:(x_pt^j)(x_pt^{j+k}):.$$

Here $`\{x_p\}`$ is an orthonormal basis of $`𝔤`$ with respect to the bilinear form $`(.,.).`$ The normal ordering in (2.6) prescribes pulling to the right the term $`xt^n`$ with larger n. Here and later $`h^{}`$ denotes the dual Coxeter number of $`𝔤.`$ The following commutation relations hold

(2.7)
$$[L_k,xt^n]=n(xt^{n+k}).$$

For any smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`V`$ define the generalized eigenspaces of $`L_0`$

$$V^\xi =\{vV(L_0\xi )^nv=0,\text{for some integer}n\},\xi .$$

Because $`𝔤\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ commutes with $`L_0`$ every $`V^\xi V`$ is naturally a $`𝔤`$-module.

###### Definition 2.4.

Let $`𝒞`$ be a category of finitely generated $`𝔤`$-modules that is closed under tensoring with finite dimensional $`𝔤`$-modules. Define the category $`𝒜(𝒞)_\kappa `$ to be the representation category of finitely generated smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules of central charge $`\kappa h^{}`$ which are $`L_0`$ locally finite and satisfy

(2.8)
$$V=\underset{\xi :\xi \xi _i_+}{}V^\xi \text{for some}\xi _1,\xi _2,\mathrm{},\xi _n$$

with $`V^\xi 𝒞,`$ considered as $`𝔤`$-modules.

If $`in`$ is the category of finite dimensional $`𝔤`$-modules then the Kazhdan–Lusztig categories  for $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ are $`𝒦_\kappa =𝒜(in)_\kappa `$ in the case $`\kappa _0.`$

Denote

$$\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa =𝒜(𝒪)_\kappa ,\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{}=𝒜(𝒪^{})_\kappa ,\kappa 0.$$

Recall that the extended Kac-Moody algebra $`\widehat{𝔤}`$ associated to $`𝔤`$ is the Lie algebra $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}d`$ where

$$[d,xt^n]=nxt^n,[d,K]=0,$$

see  for details. Consider its Cartan subalgebra $`\widehat{𝔥}=𝔥Kd`$ and Borel subalgebra $`𝔟_+𝔤[t]Kd.`$ The associated affine BGG category of noncritical central charge $`\kappa h^{}`$ is essentially the category $`\widehat{O}_\kappa `$ with the difference that the generator $`d`$ can act on any module $`V\widehat{O}_\kappa `$ by $`constL_0`$ for any choice of the constant involved.

The categories of affine Harish-Chandra modules defined by Lian and Zuckerman  are $`𝒜()_\kappa .`$ They will be denoted by $`\widehat{}_\kappa .`$

The Lie algebra $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ is $``$-graded by

(2.9)
$$\mathrm{deg}xt^n=n,n,x𝔤;\mathrm{deg}K=0.$$

Each module in the categories $`𝒜(𝒞)_\kappa `$ is naturally $``$-graded with respect to the grading (2.9) of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ using the generalized eigenvalue decomposition (2.8) of $`L_0.`$ This is the reason for the choice of the negative sign in (2.9). Moreover each morphism in $`𝒜(𝒞)_\kappa `$ preserves the grading (2.8).

For simplicity we will denote the maximal parabolic subalgebra of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$

(2.10)
$$\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+=𝔤[t]K$$

and its ideal

(2.11)
$$\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+=t𝔤[t].$$

Clearly $`\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+/\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+𝔤K.`$ Later we will also need “the opposite to $`\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+`$ subalgebra” of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$

(2.12)
$$\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_{}=t^1𝔤[t^1].$$

For any subalgebra $`𝔣`$ of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ the component of degree $`N`$ of $`U(𝔣)`$ will be denoted by $`U(𝔣)^N.`$ Recall:

###### Definition 2.5.

(Kazhdan–Lusztig) For a given $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`V`$ set

$$V(N)=\mathrm{Ann}_{U(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+)^N}V,N_{>0}.$$

A $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`V`$ is called strictly smooth if $`_NV(N)=V.`$

Note that $`V(N)V`$ is naturally a $`𝔤`$-module for the embedding $`𝔤\stackrel{~}{𝔤},`$ $`xxt^0.`$

For any $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`W`$ the strictly smooth part of it

(2.13)
$$W(\mathrm{})=_NW(N)$$

is a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-submodule of $`W.`$ The functor $`WW(\mathrm{})`$ in the category of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules is left exact.

The commutation relation (2.7) implies that any $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module in $`𝒜(𝒞)_\kappa `$ is strictly smooth. The following equivalent characterization of the categories $`𝒜(𝒞)_\kappa `$ for $`\kappa _0`$ was obtained in  and in the case $`𝒞=in`$ $`(\kappa _0)`$ previously in .

###### Proposition 2.6.

Assume that $`𝒞`$ is a category of finite length $`𝔤`$-modules and is closed under tensoring with finite dimensional $`𝔤`$-modules. If $`\kappa _0`$ then all modules in $`𝒜(𝒞)_\kappa `$ have finite length. The category $`𝒜(𝒞)_\kappa `$ coincides with the category of finitely generated, strictly smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ modules of central charge $`\kappa h^{}`$ for which

$$V(N)𝒞,$$

considered as a $`𝔤`$-module, for all $`N_{>0}.`$

For a given $`𝔤`$-module $`M`$ consider the induced $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules

(2.14)
$$\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa =U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})_{U(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+)}M$$

where $`\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+`$ acts on $`M`$ through the quotient $`\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+/\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+𝔤K`$ and the central element $`K`$ acts by $`\kappa h^{}.`$

If $`M`$ is an irreducible $`𝔤`$-module and $`\kappa 0`$ then $`\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa `$ has a unique irreducible quotient, to be denoted by $`\mathrm{Irr}(M)_\kappa .`$ Both modules belong to $`𝒜(𝒞)_\kappa `$ if $`M𝒞`$ and the modules of the latter type exhaust all irreducible modules in $`𝒜(𝒞)_\kappa .`$

For central charge $`\kappa h^{},`$ $`\kappa _0`$ the categories $`\widehat{}_\kappa ,`$ $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{}`$ have natural duality functors, to be denoted by $`D(.):`$

(2.15)
$$D(V)=(V^d)^{\mathrm{}}(\mathrm{}),V\widehat{}_\kappa \text{or}\widehat{O}_\kappa ^{}.$$

Given a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`W`$ the notation $`W^{\mathrm{}}`$ stays for its twist by the automorphism of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$

$$(xt^k)^{\mathrm{}}=x(t)^k,x𝔤,k;K^{\mathrm{}}=K.$$

Assume that the $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`V\widehat{}_\kappa `$ or $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{}`$ is given by (2.8) with $`V^\xi `$ or $`𝒪^{},`$ respectively. Denote

$$(V^d)^\xi =\{\eta V^d\eta |_{V^\xi ^{}}=0\text{for}\xi ^{}\xi \}.$$

The underlining space of the dual module $`D(V)`$ is the following subspace of of $`V^d`$

(2.16)
$$D(V)=\underset{\xi :\xi \xi _i_0}{}(V^d)^\xi $$

and the generalized $`L_0`$-eigenspaces of $`D(V)`$ are

(2.17)
$$D(V)^\xi =(V^d)^\xi ,$$

see . The exactness of the functor $`D`$ on $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ and $`\widehat{O}_\kappa ^{}`$ follows from the first equality.

The functors $`D`$ on $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ and $`\widehat{O}_\kappa ^{}`$ restrict further to a duality functor in $`𝒦_\kappa `$ which in a more simple way is given by

(2.18)
$$D(V)=(V^{})^{\mathrm{}}(\mathrm{}),V𝒦_\kappa .$$

### 2.4. Structure of the categories $`\widehat{O}_\kappa `$

Denote by $`M_\lambda `$ the highest weight module for $`𝔤`$ corresponding to highest weight $`\lambda 𝔥^{},`$ with respect to to the choice of Cartan and Borel subalgebras, made in Section 2.1. Denote by $`L_\lambda `$ its unique irreducible quotient. Consider the Cartan and Borel subalgebras

$$\widehat{𝔥}=𝔥Kd,\widehat{𝔟}_+=\widehat{𝔥}𝔫_+t𝔤[t]$$

of the extended affine Kac–Moody algebra $`\widehat{𝔤},`$ defined in Section 2.3. Recall from  the notation

$`\delta \widehat{𝔥}^{},\delta |_𝔥=0,\delta (K)=0,\delta (d)=1,`$
$`\mathrm{\Lambda }_0\widehat{𝔥}^{},\mathrm{\Lambda }_0|_𝔥=0,\mathrm{\Lambda }_0(K)=1,\mathrm{\Lambda }_0(d)=0.`$
The induced module $`\mathrm{Ind}(M_\lambda )_\kappa ,`$ viewed as a module over the extended Kac–Moody algebra by setting $`d=L_0`$ is isomorphic to the highest weight module with highest weight

(2.19)
$$\lambda +(\kappa h^{})\mathrm{\Lambda }_0\frac{(\lambda ,\lambda +2\rho )}{2\kappa }\delta .$$

Computing the determinant of the Shapovalov form on a highest weight module and using the Jantzen filtration, Kac and Kazhdan described the structure of Verma modules for all Kac–Moody algebras by an extension of Jantzen’s argument . We will state the result for affine Kac–Moody algebras in terms of the modules $`\mathrm{Ind}(M_\lambda )_\kappa `$ rather than the affine weights (2.19).

###### Definition 2.7.

One says  that pair $`[\lambda ,\mu ]𝔥^{}\times 𝔥^{}`$ satisfies the condition $`()`$ if there exists a sequence of roots $`\{\beta _i\}_{i=1}^k\mathrm{\Delta }`$ and a sequence of nonnegative integers $`\{m_i\}_{i=1}^k_0`$ $`(\beta _i\mathrm{\Delta }_+`$ if $`m_i=0)`$ such that $`\{\lambda _i=\lambda \beta _1\mathrm{}\beta _i\}_{i=0}^k`$ satisfies

(2.20)
$$\lambda _{i+1}=r_{\beta _i}(\lambda _i)+\kappa m_i\beta _i^{}\text{and}(\lambda ,\beta _i^{})+2\kappa m_i/|\beta _i|^2_{>0},i=1,\mathrm{},k,$$

$`\lambda _k=\mu .`$

The second condition in (2.20) means that $`\lambda _{i+1}\lambda _iQ`$ which can only happen if $`\lambda _{i+1}\lambda _i=n_i\beta _i`$ for some positive integer $`n_i.`$

###### Theorem 2.8.

(Kac–Kazhdan) The module $`\mathrm{Irr}(L_\lambda )_\kappa `$ is a subquotient of $`\mathrm{Ind}(M_\mu )_\kappa `$ if only if the pair $`[\lambda +\rho ,\mu +\rho ]`$ satisfies the condition $`().`$

Denote by $`\widehat{𝒪}_{\kappa ,inf}`$ the category of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules, satisfying the conditions for $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa `$ except the condition to be finitely generated. Each $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`V\widehat{𝒪}_{\kappa ,inf}`$ has a filtration by $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-submodules

(2.21)
$$0=W_0W_1\mathrm{}V$$

such that each subquotient $`W_n/W_{n1}`$ is isomorphic to a quotient of $`\mathrm{Ind}(L_{\lambda _n\rho })_\kappa `$ for some $`\lambda _n𝔥^{},`$ see . The modules in $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa `$ have finite filtrations with this property.

Consider the equivalence relation on $`𝔥^{}`$ induced by $`\lambda \mu `$ if the pair $`[\lambda ,\mu ]`$ satisfies the condition $`().`$ The equivalence class of an element $`\lambda 𝔥^{}`$ will be denoted by $`\widehat{\chi }_\lambda .`$

For a given $`\widehat{\chi }(𝔥/)`$ define $`\widehat{𝒪}_{\kappa ,inf}^{\widehat{\chi }}`$ to be the subcategory of $`\widehat{𝒪}_{\kappa ,inf},`$ consisting of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules having a filtration of the type (2.21) with the property that for all subquotients $`W_n/W_{n1},`$ $`\lambda _n\widehat{\chi }.`$

This construction gives rise to the subcategories $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }}=\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa \widehat{𝒪}_{\kappa ,inf}^{\widehat{\chi }}`$ of $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa .`$ In the case $`\kappa _{<0}`$ all modules in $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa `$ have finite length and $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }}`$ consists of those modules having a composition series with subquotients isomorphic to $`\mathrm{Irr}(L_\lambda )_\kappa `$ for $`\lambda +\rho \widehat{\chi }.`$

###### Theorem 2.9.

(Rocha-Caridi–Wallach  and Deodhar–Gabber–Kac )

The category $`\widehat{𝒪}_{\kappa ,inf}`$ has the block decomposition

$$\widehat{𝒪}_{\kappa ,inf}=\underset{\widehat{\chi }𝔥/}{}\widehat{𝒪}_{\kappa ,inf}^{\widehat{\chi }}.$$

Moreover

$$\mathrm{Ext}_{\widehat{𝔤},\widehat{𝔥}}^n(V_1,V_2)=0,n_0$$

if $`V_i\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }_i},`$ $`i=1,2`$ and $`\widehat{\chi }_1\widehat{\chi }_2.`$ Here $`\mathrm{Ext}_{\widehat{𝔤},\widehat{𝔥}}^n`$ refer to the $`\mathrm{Ext}`$ groups in the category of $`\widehat{𝔤}`$-modules of central charge $`\kappa h^{}`$ which are $`\widehat{𝔥}`$ locally finite and semisimple.

## 3. Affine Jacquet functors and vanishing of $`\mathrm{Hom}`$ groups for induced affine Harish-Chandra modules

Throughout this section we will assume

$$\kappa _0,$$

except in subsection 3.3 where we will generalize most of the results to the case of arbitrary noncritical central charge.

### 3.1. Affine Jacquet functors

Let $`V\widehat{}_\kappa .`$ Define the affine Jacquet functor by

(3.1)
$$\widehat{j}(V)=j(V)^{\mathrm{}}(\mathrm{}).$$

Here $`j(V)`$ refers to the Jacquet module of $`V`$ considered as a $`𝔤`$-module under the natural inclusion $`𝔤\stackrel{~}{𝔤}.`$

Since $`(𝔫_0)_{}𝔤`$ acts locally nilpotently on $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ the subspace $`j(V)V^{}`$ is a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-submodule and thus $`j(V)`$ is naturally a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module of central charge $`\kappa h^{}.`$

Assume that the module $`V`$ has the form (2.8) with $`V^\xi .`$ The $`𝔤`$-submodule

$$(V^{})^\xi :=\{\eta V^{}\eta (V^\xi ^{})=0\text{if}\xi ^{}\xi \}$$

of $`V^{}`$ is naturally identified with $`(V^\xi )^{}.`$ Under this identification the $`𝔤`$-module

(3.2)
$$\{\eta V^{}\eta (V^\xi ^{})=0\text{if}\xi ^{}\xi ,\eta _N\mathrm{Ann}_{𝔫_0^N}V^{}\}$$

is naturally identified with $`j(V^\xi ).`$ By abuse of notation we will denote the $`𝔤`$-submodule (3.2) of $`V^{}`$ by $`j(V^\xi ).`$ Then as a $`𝔤`$-submodule of $`(V^{})^{\mathrm{}}(\mathrm{}),`$ the affine Jacquet module (3.1) $`\widehat{j}(V)`$ is

(3.3) $`\widehat{j}(V)`$ $`={\displaystyle \underset{\xi :\xi \xi _i_+}{}}j(V^\xi )`$
$`{\displaystyle \underset{\xi :\xi \xi _i_+}{}}(V^\xi )^{}=(V^{})^{\mathrm{}}(\mathrm{}).`$
The fact that the rhs of (3.3) is a subset of the lhs is obvious. The opposite inclusion follows from the following lemma proved analogously to \[11, Proposition 2.21\].

###### Lemma 3.1.

Let $`V\widehat{}_\kappa `$ then:

(i) There exists a real number $`\zeta `$ such that the map $`𝔤V^\xi V^{\xi +1}`$ given by $`xv(xt^1)v`$ is an isomorphism for $`\mathrm{Re}\xi \zeta .`$

(ii) For any positive integer $`N`$ there exists $`\zeta `$ such that $`_{\mathrm{Re}\xi \zeta }V^\xi U(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_{})^NV.`$

Eq. (3.3) implies that the affine Jacquet functor is exact and faithful. It can also be used as a definition of the affine Jacquet functor. In this definition of $`\widehat{j}`$ the (standard) Jacquet functor $`j`$ is applied only to the finitely generated, admissible $`(𝔤,𝔨)`$-modules $`V^\xi `$ as opposite to (3.1) where the Jacquet functor is applied to the $`(𝔤,𝔨)`$-module $`V𝒞_{(𝔤,𝔨)}`$ which is neither admissible, nor finitely generated.

It is straightforward to show that

(3.4)
$$(\widehat{j}(V))^\xi =j(V^\xi ).$$

The fact that $`\widehat{j}(V)`$ has finite length is not obvious. It will be deduced from the following Proposition.

###### Proposition 3.2.

If $`M`$ then

(3.5) $`\widehat{j}(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa )`$ $`D(\mathrm{Ind}(j(M)^d)_\kappa ),`$
(3.6) $`\widehat{j}(D(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ))`$ $`\mathrm{Ind}(j(M^d)_\kappa )`$
where in the left and right hand sides $`D`$ refers to the duality functor in the categories $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ and $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{},`$ respectively.

Proposition 3.2, the exactness, and the faithfulness of $`\widehat{j}`$ imply that $`\widehat{j}(V)`$ is a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module of finite length for any $`V\widehat{}_\kappa .`$ This coupled with (3.4) shows that $`j:\widehat{}_\kappa \widehat{O}_\kappa ^{}.`$ Thus we obtain:

###### Proposition 3.3.

The affine Jacquet functor $`\widehat{j}`$ given by (3.1) or (3.3) is faithful and exact (contravariant) functor from $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ to $`\widehat{O}_\kappa ^{}.`$

Proof of Proposition 3.2 We will show (3.5). Eq. (3.6) can be proved analogously. Since the Jacquet functor $`j`$ and the induction functor $`\mathrm{Ind}(.)_\kappa :\widehat{}_\kappa `$ commute with finite direct sums, it is sufficient to prove the statement of the lemma for a module $`M^{\chi _\lambda },`$ $`\lambda 𝔥^{}.`$ Because of (2.7)

(3.7)
$$\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa =\underset{N_0}{}\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ^{\varphi (\lambda )+N}$$

where

(3.8)
$$\varphi (\lambda )=(|\lambda |^2|\rho |^2)/\kappa ,$$

recall (2.1). Under the natural isomorphism of $`𝔤`$-modules

$$\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa U(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_{})_{}M,$$

$`\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ^{\varphi (\lambda )+N}\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa `$ is mapped to $`U(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_{})^N_{}MU(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_{})_{}M.`$ Here $`𝔤`$ acts on $`U(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_{})`$ by the adjoint action. We obtain the chain of natural isomorphisms of $`𝔤`$-modules

(3.9) $`\widehat{j}(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa )`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{N_0}{}}j(U(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_{})^N_{}M){\displaystyle \underset{N_0}{}}(U(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_{})^N)^{}_{}j(M)`$
$`{\displaystyle \underset{N_0}{}}(U(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_{})^N_{}j(M)^d)^dD(j(M)^d).`$
The first isomorphism comes from (3.3), the second is an application of Proposition 2.3, and the forth one is from (2.16).

It is straightforward to check that (3.9) is an isomorphism of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules. ∎

###### Corollary 3.4.

If $`M^{\chi _\lambda },`$ $`\lambda 𝔥^{}`$ then $`\widehat{j}(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa )`$ has a filtration by Weyl modules $`\mathrm{Ind}(L_{\lambda ^{}+\rho })_\kappa `$ for $`\lambda _i^{}W\lambda .`$

### 3.2. Structure of induced Harish-Chandra modules

The main result of this subsection is the following analog of Kac–Kazhdan’s Theorem 2.8 for the affine Harish-Chandra categories.

###### Theorem 3.5.

If $`M_i,`$ $`i=1,`$ $`2`$ are two irreducible $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules then $`\mathrm{Irr}(M_2)_\kappa `$ is a subquotient of $`\mathrm{Ind}(M_1)_\kappa `$ only if $`M_1,`$ $`M_2`$ have infinitesimal characters $`\chi _{\lambda _1}`$ and $`\chi _{\lambda _2}`$ for a pair $`[\lambda _1,\lambda _2]𝔥^{}\times 𝔥^{}`$ satisfying the condition $`()`$ from Definition 2.7.

###### Proof.

Assume that $`\mathrm{Irr}(M_2)_\kappa `$ is a subquotient of $`\mathrm{Ind}(M_1)_\kappa .`$ Then

$$\mathrm{Hom}(\mathrm{Ind}(M_2)_\kappa ,\mathrm{Ind}(M_1)_\kappa /V_1)0$$

for some $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-submodule $`V_1`$ of $`\mathrm{Ind}(M_1)_\kappa .`$ The exactness and the faithfulness of the affine Jacquet functor imply that

(3.10)
$$\mathrm{Hom}(\widehat{j}D(\mathrm{Ind}(M_2)_\kappa ),\widehat{j}D(\mathrm{Ind}(M_1)_\kappa )/\widehat{j}D(V_1))0.$$

Applying Proposition 3.2, we see that $`\mathrm{Irr}(j(M_2^d))_\kappa `$ is a subquotient of $`\mathrm{Ind}(j(M_1^d))_\kappa .`$ Thus $`\mathrm{Irr}(L_{\lambda _2})_\kappa `$ is a subquotient of $`\mathrm{Ind}(L_{\lambda _1})_\kappa `$ for some $`\lambda _i\chi (M_i),`$ $`i=1,2.`$ Then Corollary 3.4 and Kac–Kazhdan’s Theorem 2.8 imply the statement of the proposition. ∎

### 3.3. The general case of noncritical central charge

The affine Jacquet functor (3.1) and most of its properties can be extended to the case $`\kappa 0.`$ This in particular gives extensions of Theorem 3.5 to all noncritical levels $`\kappa 0,`$ and of Proposition 2.6 to the case $`\kappa _0.`$

In this section we will assume that the central charge $`\kappa h^{}`$ is noncritical, i.e. that

$$\kappa 0.$$

Introduce the categories $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}`$ of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules of central charge $`\kappa h^{},`$ satisfying the same properties as the modules in $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ except the condition to be finitely generated.

There are natural duality functors in the categories $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}`$ and $`\widehat{𝒪}_{\kappa ,inf}^{}`$ (defined in section 2.4), extending the duality functors $`D`$ in $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ and $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{},`$ defined by

(3.11)
$$D(V)=((V^d)^{\mathrm{}}(\mathrm{}))^{[L_0]fin},V\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}\text{or}\widehat{𝒪}_{\kappa ,inf}^{}.$$

If the $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`V\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}`$ or $`\widehat{𝒪}_{\kappa ,inf}^{}`$ has the decomposition (2.8), then as a submodule of $`(V^d)^{\mathrm{}}`$ the dual module $`D(V)`$ is given by

(3.12)
$$D(V)=\underset{\xi }{}(V^d)^\xi $$

in the notation (2.17).

One can define an extension of the affine Jacquet functor (3.1) to a functor from the category $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}`$ to the category $`\widehat{𝒪}_{\kappa ,inf}^{}`$ by

(3.13)
$$\widehat{j}(V)=(j(V)^{\mathrm{}}(\mathrm{}))^{[L_0]fin}.$$

If the $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`V\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}`$ has the decomposition (2.8) then as a submodule of $`V^{},`$ the affine Jacquet module $`\widehat{j}(V)`$ is given by

(3.14)
$$\widehat{j}(V)=\underset{\xi :\xi \xi _i_+}{}j(V^\xi )\underset{\xi :\xi \xi _i_+}{}(V^\xi )^{}=((V^{})^{\mathrm{}}(\mathrm{}))^{[L_0]fin}$$

assuming the identification of $`j(V^\xi )`$ with the $`𝔤`$-submodule (3.2) of $`V^{}.`$ This implies that

$$\widehat{j}(V)\widehat{𝒪}_{\kappa ,inf}^{},\text{for all}V\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}$$

and the validity of an extension of Proposition 3.2 and Proposition 3.3 for the categories $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}.`$

###### Proposition 3.6.

(i) The affine Jacquet functor (3.13) $`\widehat{j}:\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}\widehat{𝒪}_{\kappa ,inf}^{}`$ is exact and faithful.

(ii) For any $`M`$ we have the isomorphisms of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules in the category $`\widehat{𝒪}_{\kappa ,inf}^{}`$

$`\widehat{j}(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa )`$ $`D(\mathrm{Ind}(j(M)^d)_\kappa ),`$
$`\widehat{j}(D(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ))`$ $`\mathrm{Ind}(j(M^d))_\kappa .`$
From part (ii) of Proposition 3.6 one obtains the following extension of Proposition 2.6 and Theorem 3.5.

###### Proposition 3.7.

(i) The statement of Theorem 3.5 is valid for any noncritical central charge.

(ii) If $`\kappa _0`$ then every module in the category $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ has finite length. In addition the category $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ consists of all finite length, strictly smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules of central charge $`\kappa h^{}`$ for which

$$V(N),$$

considered as $`𝔤`$-modules, for all $`N_{>0}.`$

According to \[17, Section 3\], to prove part (ii) of Proposition 3.7 we need to show that $`\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa `$ has finite length for any irreducible $`𝔤`$-module $`M.`$ Because of the faithfulness of the affine Jacquet functor and part (ii) of Proposition 3.6 it is sufficient to show that $`\mathrm{Ind}(L_{\lambda \rho })_\kappa `$ has finite length for all $`\lambda 𝔥^{},`$ recall the notation from section 2.4. The latter follows from Theorem 2.8 of Kac and Kazhdan. What needs to be proved is that $`\mathrm{Irr}(L_{\mu \rho })_\kappa `$ is an irreducible subquotient of $`\mathrm{Ind}(L_{\lambda \rho })_\kappa `$ for finitely many $`\mu 𝔥^{}.`$ If the pair $`[\lambda ,\mu ]𝔥^{}\times 𝔥^{}`$ satisfies the condition $`()`$ from Definition 2.7 then

(3.15)
$$\mu =\lambda +\alpha =w\lambda +\kappa \beta \text{with}\alpha ,\beta Q$$

for some element $`wW.`$ Notice that given $`wW`$ there is at most one weight $`\mu 𝔥^{}`$ that satisfies (3.15) for some $`\alpha ,`$ $`\beta Q.`$ Indeed if (3.15) is satisfied then

$$\alpha +\kappa \beta =w\lambda \lambda $$

which uniquely defines $`\alpha `$ and $`\beta `$ since $`Q\kappa Q=0.`$

## 4. Block decomposition of affine Harish-Chandra categories

### 4.1. Relation of $`\mathrm{Ext}`$ groups for $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ and $`𝔤`$-modules

In this subsection we will assume that the central charge $`\kappa h^{}`$ is noncritical, i.e.

$$\kappa 0.$$

By $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )}`$ and $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa )}`$ we will denote the categories of $``$-graded $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ and $`\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+`$-modules, respectively, (with respect to the grading (2.9)) of central charge $`\kappa h^{}`$ which are locally finite and semisimple when restricted to $`𝔨\stackrel{~}{𝔤}.`$ For each module $`V𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )}`$ or $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa )}`$ we will denote by $`V^\xi `$ its degree $`\xi ()`$ subspace which is naturally a $`𝔤`$-module in $`𝒞_{(𝔤,𝔨)}.`$

The category $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ is canonically embedded in $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )}`$ using the grading (2.8) related to the generalized eigenvalue decomposition of the Sugawara operator $`L_0`$ on $`V\widehat{}_\kappa .`$ Clearly each morphism in $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ preserves this decomposition.

Similarly to the category $`𝒞_{(𝔤,𝔨)},`$ the categories $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )}`$ and $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa )}`$ have enough projectives. Indeed if $`V𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )}`$ is generated as a $`U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})`$-module by the $`𝔨`$ stable graded subspace $`E`$ of $`V`$ then

$$U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})/K\kappa +h^{}_{U(𝔨)}E$$

is a projective cover of $`V.`$ Here $`K\kappa +h^{}`$ denotes the (two-sided) ideal of $`U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})`$ generated by $`K\kappa +h^{}.`$ The first factor $`U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})`$ is graded using (2.9). Analogously one shows that $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa )}`$ has enough projectives.

By $`\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }(.,.)`$ and $`\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa }(.,.)`$ we will denote the extension groups in the categories $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )}`$ and $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa )},`$ respectively. For simplicity the $`\mathrm{Hom}`$ groups in $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )}`$ and $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa )}`$ will be denoted by $`\mathrm{Hom}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤}}`$ and $`\mathrm{Hom}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+}.`$

In this subsection we relate $`\mathrm{Ext}`$-groups between induced modules in $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )}`$ to $`\mathrm{Ext}`$-groups in $`𝒞_{(𝔤,𝔨)}.`$

Consider the induction functor

$$\mathrm{I}(.):𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa )}𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )}$$

defined by

$$\mathrm{I}(P)=U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})_{U(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+)}P,P𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa )}.$$

Since it is exact, the canonical isomorphism

$$\mathrm{Hom}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤}}(\mathrm{I}(P)_\kappa ,V)\mathrm{Hom}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+}(P,V),P𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa )},V𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )}$$

gives rise to the isomorphisms of the corresponding $`\mathrm{Ext}`$ groups

(4.1)
$$\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }(\mathrm{I}(P)_\kappa ,V)\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa }(P,V),P𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa )},V𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )}.$$

In particular we obtain the isomorphisms

(4.2)
$$\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^n(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ,V)\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa }^n(M,V),M,V𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )}$$

where in the rhs $`M`$ is considered as a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+`$-module in the category $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa )}`$ by setting $`\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+`$ to act on $`M`$ through the quotient $`\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+/\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+𝔤K`$ and $`K`$ to act on $`M`$ by $`(\kappa h^{}).\mathrm{id}.`$ If $`M=_{\chi _\lambda 𝔥^{}/W}M^{\chi _\lambda }`$ is the decomposition of $`M`$ with respect to (2.2) then $`M^{\chi _\lambda }M`$ is put in degree $`\varphi (\lambda ),`$ recall (3.8). (Recall also the definition (2.14) of the induction functor $`\mathrm{Ind}(.)_\kappa :𝒞_{(𝔤,𝔨)}𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )}.`$)

Assume for simplicity that $`M^{\chi _\lambda }`$ for some $`\lambda 𝔥^{}.`$ Consider the natural isomorphism

(4.3)
$$\mathrm{Hom}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+}(M,V)\mathrm{Hom}_𝔤(M,(V^{\varphi (\lambda )})^{\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+}),M,V𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )},$$

where $`M`$ is thought of as a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+`$ module in $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa )}`$ as described above.

Given a complex number $`\xi ,`$ denote by $`H^q(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+,.)^\xi `$ the $`q`$-th derived functor of the left exact functor $`V(V^\xi )^{\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+}`$ from $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa )}`$ to $`𝒞_{(𝔤,𝔨)},`$ for any $`\xi .`$ A version of the Hochschild–Serre spectral sequence relates the $`\mathrm{Ext}`$ groups, corresponding to $`\mathrm{Hom}`$’s in (4.3):

(4.4)
$$E_{pq}^2=\mathrm{Ext}_{𝔤,𝔨}^p(M,H^q(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+,V)^{\varphi (\lambda )})\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa }^n(M,V),M𝒞_{(𝔤,𝔨)},V𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa )}.$$

Since

$$V^{\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+}=\underset{\xi }{}(V^\xi )^{\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+},V𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa )},$$

if $`H^q(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+,.)`$ denotes the $`q`$-th derived functor of the functor $`VV^{\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+}`$ from $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa )}`$ to $`𝒞_{(𝔤,𝔨)},`$ then

(4.5)
$$H^q(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+,.)=\underset{\xi }{}H^q(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+,.)^\xi .$$

Combining (4.2) and (4.4) we obtain:

###### Proposition 4.1.

For all modules $`M^{\chi _\lambda }`$ and $`V𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )}`$ one has the spectral sequence

$$E_{pq}^2=\mathrm{Ext}_{𝔤,𝔨}^p(M,H^q(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+,V)^{\varphi (\lambda )})\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^n(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ,V).$$

Consider the equivalence relation $``$ in $`𝔥^{}`$ induced by the relation $`\lambda \mu `$ if $`\mu W\lambda `$ or the pair $`[\lambda ,\mu ]`$ satisfies the condition $`()`$ from Definition 2.7.

###### Proposition 4.2.

If $`\lambda _i𝔥^{},`$ $`i=1,2`$ and $`\lambda _1\sim ̸\lambda _2,`$ then

(4.6)
$$\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^n(\mathrm{Ind}(M_1)_\kappa ,D(\mathrm{Ind}(M_2^d)_\kappa ))=0,$$

for all $`𝔤`$-modules $`M_1^{\chi _{\lambda _1}}`$ and $`M_2^{\chi _{\lambda _2}}.`$

We will deduce Proposition 4.2 from the following lemma to be proved at the end of the subsection.

###### Lemma 4.3.

If $`M`$

$$H^n(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+,D(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ))=0$$

for $`n>0.`$

Proof of Proposition 4.2. Lemma 4.3 shows that the spectral sequence from Proposition 4.1 degenerates at the $`E^2`$ term in the case $`V_2=D(\mathrm{Ind}(M_2)_\kappa ).`$ Therefore

(4.7)
$$\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^n(\mathrm{Ind}(M_1)_\kappa ,D(\mathrm{Ind}(M_2)_\kappa ))\mathrm{Ext}_{𝔤,𝔨}^n(M_1,D(\mathrm{Ind}(M_2)_\kappa )^{\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+}),$$

for all $`M_1^{\chi _{\lambda _1}}`$ $`M_2^{\chi _{\lambda _2}}.`$

Theorem 3.5 and part (i) of Proposition 3.7 imply that any irreducible subquotient of $`\mathrm{Ind}(M_2^d)_\kappa `$ is isomorphic to $`\mathrm{Irr}(M)_\kappa `$ for some irreducible $`𝔤`$-module $`M^{\chi _\lambda },`$ $`\lambda \lambda _2.`$ Recall that

(4.8)
$$D(\mathrm{Ind}(M^d)_\kappa )\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ,\text{for all irreducible}M$$

according to \[17, Proposition 4.1, part 3\]. Because of this all irreducible subquotients of $`D(\mathrm{Ind}(M_2^d)_\kappa `$ are of the type $`\mathrm{Irr}(M)_\kappa `$ for irreducible $`𝔤`$-modules $`M^{\chi _\lambda },`$ $`\lambda \lambda _2.`$ Therefore

$$(D(\mathrm{Ind}(M_2^d)_\kappa ))^{\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+}=D(\mathrm{Ind}(M_2^d)_\kappa )(0)\underset{\lambda \lambda _2}{}^{\chi _\lambda }.$$

Eq. (4.7) and Proposition 2.1 imply (4.6). ∎

Proof of Lemma 4.3. We follow the strategy of the proof of \[5, Proposition 4.7\] of Deodhar, Gabber, and Kac.

Because of (4.5) we need to show

(4.9)
$$H^q(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+,D(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ))^\xi =0$$

for all $`\xi .`$

Denote by $``$ the trivial $`\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+`$-module in degree 0. We have the $`U(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+)`$-free resolution of $`[\xi ]`$ in $`𝒞_{\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+,𝔨,\kappa }:`$

$$\mathrm{}R^1R^0[\xi ]0$$

where

$$R^q=U(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+)_{}^q\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+[\xi ]$$

and $`\stackrel{~}{𝔭}_+`$ is defined to act on $`R^j`$ as follows. The ideal $`\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+`$ acts by left multiplication on the first term, $`𝔤`$ acts by adjoint transformation on all factors, and $`K`$ acts by $`(\kappa h^{}).\mathrm{id}.`$ The grading (2.9) is used in the definition of the graded components of $`R^q.`$ By $`(.)[\xi ]`$ we denote the standard operator of shift of the grading by $`\xi .`$

The group $`H^q(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+,D(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ))^\xi `$ is the $`q`$-th homology group of the associated complex $`\{\mathrm{Hom}(R^{},D(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa )))\}.`$ Note that the latter consists of finite dimensional vector spaces.

One has the isomorphism of vector spaces

$$\mathrm{Hom}(R^{},D(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa )))\mathrm{Hom}_{gr}(^{}\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+,D(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa )))$$

where $`\mathrm{Hom}_{gr}`$ denotes the spaces of degree $`0`$ homomorphism of graded vector spaces.

Consider the complex defining the homology groups $`H_q(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_{},\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ):`$

$$0\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa C_0C_0\mathrm{}$$

where

$$C_q=^q\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_{}_{}\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa .$$

It is a complex of $``$ graded vector spaces using the grading (2.9) of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_{}`$ and the grading (2.8) of $`\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa .`$ The differential preserves this grading. Denote the component of degree $`\xi `$ of $`C_q`$ by $`C_q^\xi .`$ Note that it is a finite dimensional vector space.

There is a natural isomorphism of complexes

$$\{\mathrm{Hom}_{gr}(^{}\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+,D(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa )))\}\{\left[(^{}\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_{}_{}\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa )^\xi \right]^{}\}$$

by $`\phi \left[\omega v\phi (\omega ^{\mathrm{}})(v)\right],`$ $`\omega ^{}\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+,`$ $`v\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa .`$

Since $`H_q(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_{},\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa )=0`$ for $`q>0`$ $`(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa `$ is a free $`\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_{}`$-module) we obtain (4.9). ∎

### 4.2. Block decomposition of $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ for $`\kappa _0`$

In this subsection we will assume that

$$\kappa _0.$$

For any $`\widehat{\chi }_\lambda (𝔥^{}/)`$ denote by $`\widehat{}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }_\lambda }`$ the full subcategory of $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ consisting of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules having composition series with subquotients $`\mathrm{Irr}(M)_\kappa `$ for irreducible $`𝔤`$-modules with infinitesimal character $`\chi _\lambda ^{}`$ for some $`\lambda ^{}\lambda .`$

Theorem 3.5 implies

(4.10)
$$\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa \widehat{}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }_\lambda },\text{if}\chi (M)=\chi _\lambda .$$

The main result in this section is the following generalization of the important Proposition 2.1 on vanishing of $`\mathrm{Ext}_{𝔤,𝔨}`$-groups between different blocks in the standard Harish-Chandra category.

###### Theorem 4.4.

If $`\widehat{\chi }_1,\widehat{\chi }_2(𝔥^{}/)`$ are such that

(4.11)
$$\widehat{\chi }_1\widehat{\chi }_2$$

then

(4.12)
$$\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^n(V_1,V_2)=0$$

for all $`V_1\widehat{}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }_1}`$ and $`V_2\widehat{}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }_2},`$ $`n_0.`$

The special case of Theorem 4.4 for vanishing of $`\mathrm{Ext}^1`$ groups implies a block decomposition of the categories $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ for $`\kappa _0`$ which is a generalization of the block decomposition Theorem 2.9 of Deodhar–Gabber–Kac and Rocha-Caridi–Wallach for the BGG category $`𝒪`$ for Kac–Moody algebras.

###### Proposition 4.5.

For $`\kappa _0`$ the category $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ is a direct sum of its subcategories $`\widehat{}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }}:`$

$$\widehat{}_\kappa \underset{\widehat{\chi }(𝔥^{}/)}{}\widehat{}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }}.$$

We will prove Theorem 4.4 in two steps. First we will prove an auxiliary lemma.

###### Lemma 4.6.

Assume that $`\lambda _1,\lambda _2𝔥^{}`$ and

(4.13)
$$\lambda _1\sim ̸\lambda _2$$

If $`M_1^{\chi _{\lambda _1}}`$ and $`V_2\widehat{}^{\widehat{\chi }_{\lambda _2}}`$ then

(4.14)
$$\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^n(\mathrm{Ind}(M_1)_\kappa ,V_2)=0$$

for all $`n_0.`$

###### Proof.

We will show (4.14) by induction on $`n.`$ The case $`n=0`$ follows from Theorem 3.5. Assume the validity of (4.14) for some $`n_0.`$ Every $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module in $`\widehat{}^{\widehat{\chi }_{\lambda _2}}`$ has a finite composition series with subquotients of the type $`\mathrm{Irr}(M)_\kappa `$ for irreducible $`𝔤`$-modules $`M`$ with infinitesimal character $`\chi (M)=\chi _\lambda ^{}`$ such that $`\lambda ^{}\lambda _2.`$ Using the long exact sequence for the $`\mathrm{Ext}`$ groups one see that to prove (4.14) for $`n+1`$ one only needs to show that

$$\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^n(\mathrm{Ind}(M_1)_\kappa ,\mathrm{Irr}(M_2)_\kappa )=0$$

for $`M_1^{\chi _{\lambda _1}}`$ and $`M_2^{\chi _{\lambda _2}},`$ assuming (4.13).

Denote the maximal, nontrivial $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-submodule of $`\mathrm{Ind}(M_2)_\kappa `$ by $`X(M_2^d)_\kappa .`$ Then one has the exact sequence of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules

$$0X(M_2^d)_\kappa \mathrm{Ind}(M_2^d)_\kappa \mathrm{Irr}(M_2^d)_\kappa 0.$$

Applying the exact duality functor $`D`$ and using the fact that $`D(\mathrm{Irr}(M_2^d)_\kappa )\mathrm{Irr}(M_2)_\kappa ,`$ see (4.8), we get the exact sequence

(4.15)
$$0\mathrm{Irr}(M_2)_\kappa D(\mathrm{Ind}(M_2^d)_\kappa )D(X(M_2^d)_\kappa )0.$$

This finally gives the exact sequence of $`\mathrm{Ext}`$ groups

(4.16) $`\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^n(\mathrm{Ind}(M_1)_\kappa ,D(X(M_2^d)_\kappa ))`$ $`\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^{n+1}(\mathrm{Ind}(M_1)_\kappa ,\mathrm{Irr}(M_2)_\kappa )`$
$`\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^{n+1}(\mathrm{Ind}(M_1)_\kappa ,D(\mathrm{Ind}(M_2^d)_\kappa )).`$
The induction implies that the first group vanishes because $`D(X(M_2^d)_\kappa )`$ is a quotient of $`D(\mathrm{Ind}(M_2^d)_\kappa )\widehat{}^{\widehat{\chi }_{\lambda _2}}.`$ The third group vanishes, as proved in Proposition 4.2. This implies that the middle group vanishes and completes the induction argument. ∎

Proof of Theorem 4.4. Again we use induction on $`n.`$ The case $`n=0`$ is trivial. Assume the validity of the statement in Theorem 4.4 for an integer $`n.`$ Since every module in the categories $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ has finite length for $`\kappa _0,`$ to show that (4.12) holds for $`n+1,`$ we only need to prove

(4.17)
$$\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^n(\mathrm{Irr}(M_1)_\kappa ,V_2)=0$$

for an irreducible $`𝔤`$-module $`M_1`$ with infinitesimal character $`\chi (M_1)=\chi _{\lambda _1}𝔥^{}/W`$ such that $`\widehat{\chi }_{\lambda _1}\widehat{\chi }_2.`$ Using the exact sequence

$$0X(M_1)_\kappa \mathrm{Ind}(M_1)_\kappa \mathrm{Irr}(M_1)_\kappa 0$$

we obtain the exact sequence

$`\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^n(X(M_1)_\kappa ,V_2)`$ $`\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^{n+1}(\mathrm{Irr}(M_1)_\kappa ,V_2)`$
$`\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^{n+1}(\mathrm{Ind}(M_1)_\kappa ,V_2)`$
The first term vanishes due to the induction hypothesis. The third term vanishes because of Lemma 4.6. This implies (4.17) and completes the proof of Theorem 4.4. ∎

### 4.3. A block decomposition of $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}`$ for arbitrary noncritical central charge

In this section we extend the block decomposition of the categories $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ from section 4.2 to the case of arbitrary noncritical central charge. Even more generally we provide such a decomposition for the categories $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ of not necessarily finitely generated affine Harish-Chandra modules. Note that they are naturally embedded in the categories $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )},`$ defined in section 4.1.

It is easy to show by induction that:

$`()`$ Every module $`V`$ in $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}`$ has an increasing filtration

$$0=W_0W_1\mathrm{}V$$

for which the subquotients $`W_i/W_{i1}`$ are isomorphic to quotients of induced modules $`\mathrm{Ind}(M_i)_\kappa `$ for some irreducible $`𝔤`$-modules $`M_i.`$

The subcategory $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ of $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}`$ consists of those $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules in $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}`$ that have a finite filtration with the property $`().`$ If $`\kappa _{>0}`$ the modules in $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ have in general infinite length.

Given any $`\widehat{\chi }_\lambda (𝔥^{}/)`$ for some $`\lambda 𝔥^{}`$ denote by $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}^{\widehat{\chi }_\lambda }`$ the subcategory of $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}`$ consisting of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules possessing a filtration with the property $`()`$ such that

(4.18)
$$\chi (M_i)=\chi _\lambda ^{}\text{for some}\lambda ^{}\lambda .$$

Theorem 3.5 and part (i) of Proposition 3.7 imply that $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}^{\widehat{\chi }_\lambda }`$ can be characterized as the subcategory of $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ consisting of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module for which all irreducible subquotients are isomorphic to $`\mathrm{Irr}(M)_\kappa `$ for some irreducible $`𝔤`$-module $`M`$ satisfying (4.18).

The subcategories $`\widehat{}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }_\lambda }=\widehat{}_\kappa \widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}^{\widehat{\chi }_\lambda }`$ of $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ consist of those $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules $`V\widehat{}_\kappa ,`$ having a finite filtration by $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules with subquotients that are isomorphic to quotients of induced modules $`\mathrm{Irr}(M)_\kappa `$ for irreducible $`𝔤`$-modules $`M`$ with infinitesimal character as in (4.18). In the case $`\kappa _0`$ the definition of $`\widehat{}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }_\lambda }`$ is consistent with the one from section 4.2.

The main result of this section is the following generalization of the basic decomposition theorem of Deodhar–Gabber–Kac and Rocha-Caridi–Wallach for the BGG category $`𝒪`$ for Kac-Moody algebras.

###### Theorem 4.7.

For any noncritical central charge the category $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}`$ is a direct sum of its subcategories $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}^{\widehat{\chi }}:`$

$$\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}=\underset{\widehat{\chi }(𝔥^{}/)}{}\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}^{\widehat{\chi }}.$$

Theorem 4.7 follows from Proposition 4.11 below as \[5, Theorem 4.2\] of Deodhar, Gabber, and Kac.

First we state two corollaries of Theorem 4.7. There exists a coarser block decomposition of the affine Harish-Chandra categories $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ which more closely resembles the finite dimensional case. To state it, consider the equivalence relation on $`𝔥^{},`$ defined by

$$\lambda \mu \text{if}\mu W\lambda +Q^{}\text{and}\mu \lambda Q.$$

###### Corollary 4.8.

For any noncritical central charge the affine Harish-Chandra category has the block decomposition

$$\widehat{}_\kappa =\underset{\widehat{\chi }(𝔥^{}/)}{}\widehat{}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }}$$

where for $`\widehat{\chi }(𝔥^{}/),`$ $`\widehat{}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }}`$ is the subcategory of $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ consisting of affine Harish-Chandra modules possessing a finite filtration with subquotients isomorphic to quotients of induced modules $`\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa `$ for $`\chi (M)=\chi _\lambda ,`$ $`\lambda \widehat{\chi }.`$

This block decomposition is even more explicit in the case of rational central charge. Define $`\widehat{}_\kappa ^{int}`$ to be the subcategory of $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ consisting of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules $`V`$ for which all $`𝔤`$-submodules $`V^\xi `$ have composition series with subquotients with infinitesimal characters in $`P/W`$ where $`P`$ is the weight lattice of $`𝔤.`$ In other words $`\widehat{}_\kappa ^{int}`$ is the subcategory of $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ consisting of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules possessing a finite filtration with subquotients isomorphic to quotients of induced modules $`\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa `$ for $`\chi (M)=\chi _\lambda ,`$ $`\lambda P.`$

###### Corollary 4.9.

Assume that $`\kappa =p/q`$ for two nonzero, relatively prime integers $`p`$ and $`q.`$ Then the subcategory $`\widehat{}_\kappa ^{int}`$ of $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ has the block decomposition

$$\widehat{}_\kappa ^{int}=\underset{\widehat{\chi }_\lambda 𝔥^{}/(WpQ^{})}{}\widehat{}_\kappa ^{int,\widehat{\chi }_\lambda }$$

where $`\widehat{}^{int,\widehat{\chi }_\lambda }`$ is the subcategory of $`\widehat{}_\kappa ^{int}`$ consisting of modules possessing a finite filtration with subquotients isomorphic to quotients of induced modules $`\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa `$ for $`\chi (M)=\chi _\mu ,`$ $`\mu W\lambda +pQ^{}`$.

###### Remark 4.10.

Corollary 4.8 and Corollary 4.9 are easily extended to the infinitely generated version (the category $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}^{int}`$) of the category $`\widehat{}_\kappa ^{int}.`$ The category $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}^{int}`$ is the full subcategory of $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf},`$ consisting of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules $`V`$ for which all $`𝔤`$-submodules $`V^\xi `$ have composition series with subquotients with infinitesimal characters in $`P/W.`$ We state them only in the case of $`\widehat{}_\kappa ^{int}`$ to avoid extra technical details.

Now we return to the proof of Theorem 4.7.

###### Proposition 4.11.

If $`\widehat{\chi }_1,`$ $`\widehat{\chi }_2(𝔥^{}/)`$ and $`\widehat{\chi }_1\widehat{\chi }_2,`$ then

$$\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^1(V_1,V_2)=0,\text{for all}V_1\widehat{}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }_1},V_2\widehat{}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }_2}.$$

For the proof of Proposition 4.11 we will need the following lemma.

###### Lemma 4.12.

Let $`V\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}.`$ For any real number $`\zeta `$ the module $`V`$ has a finite filtration by $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-submodules

$$0=W_0W_1\mathrm{}W_N=V$$

such that there exists a subset $`J\{1,\mathrm{}N\}`$ with the following properties.

(i) If $`jJ,`$ then

$$V_j/V_{j1}\mathrm{Irr}(M_j)_\kappa ,\text{for some irreducible }𝔤\text{-modules}M.$$

(ii) If $`J,`$ then $`(V_j/V_{j1})^\xi =0`$ for $`\mathrm{Re}\xi \zeta .`$

For a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`V\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}`$ and a real number $`\zeta `$ define the $`𝔤`$-module

(4.19)
$$V^\zeta =\underset{\xi :\mathrm{Re}\xi \zeta }{}V^\xi .$$

Note that the above sum is finite.

We prove Lemma 4.12 by induction on the length of the $`𝔤`$-module $`V^\zeta .`$

If $`V^\zeta `$ is trivial, then the statement of the lemma is obvious. Otherwise choose $`\xi _0`$ such that $`\mathrm{Re}\xi _0\zeta ,`$

(4.20)
$$V^{\xi _0}0\text{and}V^{\xi _0n}=0\text{if}n_{>0}.$$

Let $`M`$ be an irreducible $`𝔤`$-submodule of $`V^{\xi _0}.`$ Then $`M`$ is annihilated by $`\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+`$ and we get a canonical homomorphism $`f:\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa V.`$ Denote the image of $`f`$ by $`U_2`$ and the image of the maximal, nontrivial submodule of $`\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa `$ under $`f`$ by $`U_1.`$ Then

$$U_2/U_1\mathrm{Irr}(M)_\kappa $$

and the lengths of the $`𝔤`$-modules $`U_1^\zeta `$ and $`(V/U_2)^\zeta `$ are strictly less than the length $`V^\zeta .`$ This completes the induction argument. ∎

We need an auxiliary lemma for the proof of Proposition 4.11.

###### Lemma 4.13.

Let $`M`$ be an irreducible $`𝔤`$-module with infinitesimal character $`\chi _\lambda ,`$ $`\lambda 𝔥^{}.`$

(i) If $`V_2\widehat{}_\kappa `$ is such that

$$V_2^{\mathrm{Re}\varphi (\lambda )}=0$$

then $`\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }(\mathrm{Irr}(M)_\kappa ,V_2)=0,`$ recall (3.8).

(ii) If $`V_2\widehat{}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }_2},`$ and $`\widehat{\chi }_\lambda \widehat{\chi }_2`$ then

$$\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^1(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ,V_2)=0.$$

###### Proof.

Part (i): We need to show that any extension in $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )}`$ of $`\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa `$ by $`V_2`$ splits. Consider one such extension

(4.21)
$$0V_2W\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa 0.$$

The functor $`VV^\xi `$ is an exact functor from $`𝒞_{(\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa )}`$ to $``$ for any complex number $`\xi .`$ This, combined with the hypothesis, implies that

$$W^{\varphi (\lambda )}\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ^{\varphi (\lambda )}\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa (0)M.$$

Moreover $`W^{\varphi (\lambda )n}=0`$ for $`n_{>0}`$ because of the assumption and (3.7). Thus $`W^{\varphi (\lambda )}W(0)`$ and there exists a canonical homomorphism from $`\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa `$ to $`W`$ which defines a splitting of (4.21).

Using the long exact sequence for the $`\mathrm{Ext}`$ groups and Lemma 4.12, one sees that to prove part (ii) it suffices to to show that

$$\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ,\mathrm{Irr}(M_2)_\kappa )=0$$

for any irreducible $`𝔤`$-module $`M_2`$ with infinitesimal character $`\chi (M_2)=\chi _{\lambda _2}`$ such that

$$\lambda _2W\lambda +pQ.$$

This is done analogously to Lemma 4.6. Recall from (4.15) the exact sequence

$$0\mathrm{Irr}(M_2)_\kappa D(\mathrm{Ind}(M_2^d)_\kappa )D(X(M_2^d)_\kappa )0.$$

It gives rise to the exact sequence

$`\mathrm{Hom}(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ,D(X(M_2^d)_\kappa ))`$ $`\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^1(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ,\mathrm{Irr}(M_2)_\kappa )`$
$`\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^1(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ,D(\mathrm{Ind}(M_2^d)_\kappa )).`$
The first term vanishes because $`D(X(M_2^d)_\kappa )\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}^{\widehat{\chi }_{\lambda _2}}.`$ The third term vanishes as a consequence of Proposition 4.2. This completes the proof of part (ii). ∎

Proof of Proposition 4.11. We will show that

(4.22)
$$\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^1(U,V_2)=0$$

for any $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules that is a quotient of an induced module $`\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa `$ from an irreducible $`𝔤`$-module $`M^{\chi _\lambda }`$ such that $`\lambda `$ is in the class of $`\widehat{\chi }_1.`$ This implies the general case using the long exact sequence for the $`\mathrm{Ext}`$ groups and the fact that any module $`V_1\widehat{}_\kappa ^{\widehat{\chi }_1}`$ has a finite filtration by such $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules $`U.`$

Let

$$0X\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa U0$$

be the long exact sequence defining $`U.`$ From it we deduce the exact sequence

$`\mathrm{Hom}(X,V_2)`$ $`\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^1(U,V_2)`$
$`\mathrm{Ext}_{\stackrel{~}{𝔤},𝔨,\kappa }^1(\mathrm{Ind}(M)_\kappa ,V_2).`$
Since $`X\widehat{}^{\widehat{\chi }_1}`$ and $`\widehat{\chi }_1\widehat{\chi }_2`$ the $`\mathrm{Hom}`$ group vanishes. The last $`\mathrm{Ext}`$ group vanishes due to Lemma 4.13. This implies that the middle term vanishes which proves (4.22). ∎

## 5. Compatibility of the affine Jacquet functor with the Kazhdan–Lusztig tensor product

In this section we prove a compatibility relation between the affine Jacquet functor and the Kazhdan–Lusztig tensor product which can be considered as an affine (fusion) analog of Proposition 2.3.

Throughout the section we will assume

$$\kappa _0$$

and will use the notation from the appendix.

### 5.1. Main result

###### Theorem 5.1.

For any two $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules $`U𝒦_\kappa `$ and $`V\widehat{}_\kappa `$ there exists a canonical isomorphism

(5.1)
$$\widehat{j}(U\dot{}V)D\left[U\dot{}D\widehat{j}(V)\right].$$

Theorem 5.1 follows from Proposition 5.4 and Proposition 5.5 below.

We will need some notation. For $`M`$ set

(5.2)
$$\phi (M)=\left(M^d\right)^{}.$$

It defines an exact functor from the category of Harish-Chandra modules to the category of $`𝔤`$-modules. For $`V\widehat{}_\kappa `$ set

(5.3)
$$\mathrm{\Phi }(V)=\left[D(V)\right]^{\mathrm{}}(\mathrm{}).$$

If $`V`$ has the decomposition (2.8) with respect to the action of $`L_0,`$ then the underlining $`𝔤`$-module of $`\mathrm{\Phi }(V)`$ is canonically identified with

$$\underset{\xi :\xi \xi _i_0}{}\phi (V^\xi ).$$

Clearly $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$ is an exact functor from $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ to the category of strictly smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules of central charge $`\kappa h^{}.`$

Given $`V,`$ the embedding of $`𝔤`$-modules $`V(N)V`$ induces the embedding

(5.4)
$$\phi (V(N))\mathrm{\Phi }(V).$$

It is easy to see:

###### Lemma 5.2.

For any $`V\widehat{}_\kappa `$ the embedding (5.4) is an isomorphism of $`𝔤`$-modules.

For a $`𝔤`$-module $`M`$ define also its $`𝔤`$-submodule

$$j^0(M)=_{N_0}\mathrm{Ann}_{𝔫_0^N}M.$$

The Jacquet module of $`M`$ is given by $`j(M)j^0(M^{}).`$ If $`V`$ is a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module then $`j^0(V)`$ is a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module as well.

Fix two $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules $`U`$ and $`V`$ as in Theorem 5.1. Set for shortness

(5.5)
$$W=UV.$$

The natural embedding $`𝔤\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ by constant functions induces structures of $`𝔤`$-modules on the spaces $`W`$ and $`W/G_kW`$ for all $`k_{>0},`$ as well as on their full and restricted duals. Note the canonical isomorphism of $`𝔤`$-modules

(5.6)
$$\mathrm{Ann}_{G_k}W^d=(W/G_kW)^d,\mathrm{Ann}_{G_k}W^{}=(W/G_kW)^{}.$$

Lemma 6.1 and the fact that $``$ is stable under tensoring with finite dimensional $`𝔤`$-modules imply

(5.7)
$$W/G_kW,k_{>0}.$$

###### Lemma 5.3.

Under the above assumptions on the $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules $`U,`$ $`V,`$ and $`W`$ there exists a canonical isomorphism of $`𝔤`$-modules

$$\left[\left(\mathrm{Ann}_{G_k}W^d\right)^d\right]^{}\mathrm{Ann}_{G_k}W^{},$$

for all $`k_{>0}.`$

###### Proof.

Because of (5.7) we have the canonical isomorphism of $`𝔤`$-modules

$$\left((W/G_kW)^d\right)^dW/G_kW.$$

Combining this with (5.6) gives the need canonical isomorphism of $`𝔤`$-modules

$$\left[\left(\mathrm{Ann}_{G_k}W^d\right)^d\right]^{}\left[\left((W/G_kW)^d\right)^d\right]^{}(W/G_kW)^{}\mathrm{Ann}_{G_k}W^{}.$$

One can define a structure of a strictly smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module on the space

$$_{k_{>0}}\mathrm{Ann}_{G_k}W^{}$$

in exactly the same way as the $`𝔤`$-action on

$$T^{}(U,V)=_{k_{>0}}\mathrm{Ann}_{G_k}W^d$$

from the appendix.

###### Proposition 5.4.

In the above notation for $`U,`$ $`V,`$ and $`W`$ there exists a canonical isomorphism of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules

$$\mathrm{\Phi }\left[_{k_{>0}}\mathrm{Ann}_{G_k}W^d\right]_{k_{>0}}\mathrm{Ann}_{G_k}W^{}.$$

Under it the $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-submodule $`\widehat{j}(U\dot{}V)`$ of the first module is sent to the $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-submodule $`j_0(_{k_{>0}}\mathrm{Ann}_{G_k}W^{})`$ of the second one.

###### Proof.

Lemma 5.2, Lemma 5.3, and (6.6) give rise to the canonical isomorphisms of $`𝔤`$-modules

(5.8)
$$\mathrm{\Phi }\left[_{k_{>0}}\mathrm{Ann}_{G_k}W^d\right](N)\phi (\mathrm{Ann}_{G_N}W^d)\mathrm{Ann}_{G_N}W^{}.$$

One checks directly that they are consistent for different $`N_{>0}`$ and when put together, define an isomorphism of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules as stated in (5.8).

The second part is straightforward. ∎

Similarly to the above discussion, there is a canonical embedding of $`𝔤`$-modules

$$\left(D\widehat{j}(V)\right)^dj^0V^{}.$$

It gives rise to the embedding of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$-modules

$$\left(UD\widehat{j}(V)\right)^dU^{}\left(D\widehat{j}(V)\right)^dU^{}j^0V^{}.$$

One further has the embedding of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$-modules

$$U^{}j^0V^{}(Uj^0V)^{}.$$

###### Proposition 5.5.

The above embeddings of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$-modules

$$\left(UD\widehat{j}(V)\right)^dU^{}j^0V^{}(Uj^0V)^{}$$

gives rise to the isomorphisms of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$-modules

(5.9) $`_{k>0}\mathrm{Ann}_{G_k}\left(U(D\widehat{j}(V))\right)^d`$ $`_{k>0}\mathrm{Ann}_{G_k}(U^{}j^0(V^{})))`$
$`_{k>0}j_0\mathrm{Ann}_{G_k}(UV)^{}.`$
Each of the three spaces in (5.9) is equipped with a structure of $`𝔤`$-module analogously to $`T^{}(U,V).`$

### 5.2. Finiteness of the fusion tensoring of $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ by $`𝒦_\kappa `$

Here we modify Theorem 5.1 to give another proof of the case of Theorem 1.6 from our work  when the reductive subalgebra $`𝔣`$ of $`𝔤`$ is equal to $`𝔨`$ (see Theorem 6.2 below).

For any positive integer $`N`$ denote by $`𝒪^{}_{}{}^{}N`$ the truncation of the category $`𝒪^{}`$ for $`𝔤,`$ consisting of finitely generated $`𝔤`$-modules $`M`$ with (generalized) weight space decompositions

$$M=\underset{\lambda 𝔥^{}}{}M^\lambda $$

such that

$$\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{}}(h_i\lambda (h_i))^Nm=0,\text{for all}mM,h_i𝔥.$$

Similarly the categories $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{}`$ posses the truncations $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{}_{}{}^{}N`$ consisting of finitely generated, strictly smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules $`V`$ for which

$$V(N)𝒪^{}_{}{}^{}N,N_{>0}.$$

The union of the categories $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{}_{}{}^{}N`$ is the category $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{}.`$

The categories $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{}_{}{}^{}N`$ can be also described in terms of the Borel and Cartan subalgebras of the extended affine Kac–Moody algebra $`\widehat{𝔤},`$ see section 2.4. Consider the categories of finitely generated modules $`V`$ of central charge $`\kappa h^{}`$ for $`\widehat{𝔤}`$ with the properties:

(i) The subalgebra $`𝔫_+t𝔤[t]`$ of $`\widehat{𝔤}`$ acts locally nilpotently on $`V.`$

(ii) The module $`V`$ has a generalized weight space decomposition with respect to $`\widehat{𝔥}`$

$$V=\underset{\widehat{\lambda }\widehat{𝔥}^{}}{}V^{\widehat{\lambda }},\text{such that for all}vV^{\widehat{\lambda }}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{}}(h_i\widehat{\lambda }(h_i))^Nv=0h_i\widehat{𝔥}.$$

The categories $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{}_{}{}^{}N`$ are essentially the above truncations of the generalized BGG category for $`\widehat{𝔤}:`$ for each module from $`\widehat{𝒪}^{}_{}{}^{}N,`$ consider infinitely many copies of it on which the operator $`d`$ acts by $`constL_0`$ for an arbitrary choice of the constant.

###### Lemma 5.6.

Any strictly smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`V`$ of central charge $`N`$ such that

(5.10)
$$V(k)𝒪^{}_{}{}^{}N,k_{>0}$$

has a finite filtration by $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ submodules

$$0=W_0W_1\mathrm{}W_L=V$$

with strictly smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-submodules $`W_i`$ such that

(5.11)
$$(W_{i+1}/W_i)(k)𝒪,k_{>0}.$$

###### Proof.

For $`j_{>0}`$ define the subspace $`W_j`$ of $`V`$ by

$$V_j=\mathrm{span}\{vV\text{there exists}\lambda 𝔥^{}\text{such that}\underset{i=1}{\overset{j}{}}(h_i\lambda (h_i))^iv=0,h_i𝔥\}.$$

It is a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-submodule of $`V`$ because the adjoint action of $`𝔥`$ on $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ is semisimple. For some sufficiently large integer $`LN.dim𝔥`$ we have $`W_L=V.`$

Define the generalized weight spaces of $`V`$ with respect to $`𝔥`$ by

$$V^\lambda =\{vV(h\lambda (h))^Nv=0\text{for all}h𝔥\},$$

for $`\lambda 𝔥^{}.`$ The assumption (5.10) implies that $`V_{\lambda 𝔥^{}}V^\lambda .`$

Observe that for each $`h𝔥`$ the linear transformation

$$\psi _h(v)=(h\lambda (h))v,\text{if}vV^\lambda $$

is a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-endomorphism of $`V.`$

We will show that the $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`V/W_1`$ satisfies

$$(V/W_1)(k)𝒪^{{}_{}{}^{}(L1)},k_{>0}.$$

From this (5.11) follows by induction. Moreover it is obvious that $`(V/W_1)(k)`$ is spanned by vectors $`v`$ such that

$$\underset{i=1}{\overset{L1}{}}(h_i\lambda (h))v=0,h_i𝔥$$

and $`𝔫_+`$ acts locally nilpotently on $`(V/W_1).`$ So we only need to show that $`(V/W_1)(k)`$ are finitely generated $`𝔤`$-modules.

Denote the projection $`p:VV/W_1.`$ Then

(5.12)
$$(V/W_1)(k)p^1\left[(V/W_1)(k)\right]/\left(p^1\left[(V/W_1)(k)\right]W_1\right).$$

Besides this

(5.13) $`p^1\left[(V/W_1)(k)\right]`$ $`=\{vV\psi _h(uv)=0,uU(\stackrel{~}{𝔫}_+)^k,h𝔥\}`$
$`=_{h𝔥}\psi _h^1\left[V(N)\right].`$
Fix a basis $`h_1,`$ $`\mathrm{},`$ $`h_r,`$ of $`𝔥.`$ Then (5.12) and (5.13) imply that $`(V/W_1)(k)`$ is isomorphic to the image of the $`𝔤`$-homomorphism

$$(\psi _{h_1},\mathrm{},\psi _{h_r}):p^1\left[(V/W_1)(k)\right]V(k)\mathrm{}V(k),(r\text{times}).$$

Since $`V(k)`$ is finitely generated this gives that $`(V/W_1)(k)`$ is a finitely generated $`𝔤`$-module. ∎

The main ingredient of Kazhdan–Lusztig’s finiteness result  that $`𝒦_\kappa `$ is closed under the fusion tensor product is a hard characterization of the category $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa `$ only in terms of the modules $`V(k).`$ It is based on the BGG reciprocity for Kac–Moody algebras of Rocha-Caridi and Wallach  or equivalently Soergel’s generalized BGG reciprocity . Later this characterization was extended by Finkelberg to the category $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ,`$ .

###### Theorem 5.7.

(Kazhdan–Lusztig , Finkelberg ) If $`V`$ is a strictly smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module of central charge $`\kappa h^{}`$ such that

$$V(k)𝒪,k_{>0}$$

then $`V`$ has finite length and thus $`V\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa .`$

Theorem 5.7, combined with Lemma 5.6, implies:

###### Proposition 5.8.

If $`V`$ is a strictly smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module of central charge $`\kappa h^{}`$ such that

$$V(k)𝒪^{}_{}{}^{}N,k_{>0}$$

for some fixed integer $`N,`$ then $`V`$ has finite length and $`V\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{}_{}{}^{}N.`$

Finally using affine Jacquet functors and Proposition 5.8 we obtain a second proof of the following special case of our finiteness result \[17, Theorem 1.6\] for the Kazhdan–Lusztig tensor product.

###### Theorem 5.9.

Assume that $`\kappa _0.`$ Then the categories $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{}_{}{}^{}N,`$ $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{},`$ and $`\widehat{}_\kappa `$ are stable under Kazhdan–Lusztig tensoring with $`𝒦_\kappa .`$

We will need the following lemma.

###### Lemma 5.10.

Every $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules of central charge $`\kappa h^{}`$ such that

(5.14)
$$V(k),\text{respectively}𝒪^{}$$

belongs to $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf},`$ respectively $`\widehat{𝒪}_{\kappa ,inf}^{}.`$

###### Proof.

Fix a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module with the property (5.14). The action of $`L_0`$ on $`V`$ preserves $`V(k).`$ On each $`V(k)/V(k1),`$ $`L_0`$ acts by $`1/\kappa \mathrm{\Omega }`$ where $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ is the Casimir operator of $`𝔤.`$ This implies that $`L_0`$ acts locally semisimply on $`V.`$ Denote the generalized eigenvalues of $`L_0`$ on $`V(1)`$ by $`\xi _1,`$ $`\mathrm{},`$ $`\xi _n.`$ Since $`𝔤t`$ maps $`V^\xi `$ to $`V^{\xi 1}`$ and $`V(k)\backslash V(1)`$ isomorphically to $`V(k1)`$ we have

$$V^\xi =0\text{unless}\xi \xi _i_{>0}\text{for some}i=1,\mathrm{},n.$$

Then for any $`\xi ,`$ $`V^\xi V(k)`$ for some sufficiently large $`k`$ and therefore $`V^\xi `$ or $`V^\xi 𝒪^{}`$ for the two cases in (5.14). ∎

Proof of Theorem 5.9. Fix two $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules $`U𝒦_\kappa `$ and $`V\widehat{}_\kappa .`$ Due to Lemma 6.1

$$T^{}(U,V)(k),k_{>0}.$$

Lemma 5.10 implies

$$T^{}(U,V)\text{and}U\dot{}V\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}.$$

We need to show that $`U\dot{}V`$ has finite length.

The proof of Theorem 5.1 can be easily extended to show that (5.1) holds in this situation, where in the lhs of (5.1) $`\widehat{j}`$ denotes the affine Jacquet functor from $`\widehat{}_{\kappa ,inf}`$ to $`\widehat{𝒪}_{\kappa ,inf}^{}.`$

Since $`V\widehat{}_\kappa `$ from Proposition 3.2 we obtain $`\widehat{j}(V)\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{}_{}{}^{}N`$ for some sufficiently large integer $`N.`$ Then Lemma 6.1 implies that

$$T^{}(U,D(\widehat{j}(V)))(k)𝒪^{}_{}{}^{}N,k_{>0}.$$

Applying the characterization of the categories $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{}_{}{}^{}N`$ from Proposition 5.8, we get that $`T^{}(U,D(\widehat{j}(V)))`$ belongs to $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{}_{}{}^{}N.`$ Then (5.1) gives that $`\widehat{j}(U\dot{}V)`$ belongs to $`\widehat{𝒪}_\kappa ^{},`$ as well, and in particular $`\widehat{j}(U\dot{}V)`$ has finite length. Since the affine Jacquet functor is faithful we finally obtain that $`U\dot{}V`$ has finite length. ∎

## 6. Appendix: The Kazhdan–Lusztig fusion tensor product

In this appendix we review the definition of the Kazhdan–Lusztig fusion tensor product . Consider the Riemann sphere $`^1`$ with three fixed distinct points $`p_i,`$ $`i=0,1,2`$ on it. Choose local coordinates (charts) at each of them, i.e. isomorphisms $`\gamma _i:^1^1`$ such that $`\gamma _i(p_i)=0`$ where the second copy of $`^1`$ is equipped with a fixed coordinate function $`t`$ vanishing at $`0.`$

Set $`R=[^1\backslash \{p_0,p_1,p_2\}]`$ and denote by $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ the central extension of the Lie algebra $`𝔤R`$ by

(6.1)
$$[f_1x_1,f_2x_2]:=f_1f_2[x_1,x_2]+\mathrm{Res}_{p_0}(f_2df_1)(x_1,x_2)K,$$

for $`f_iR`$ and $`x_i𝔤.`$ Here $`(.,.)`$ is invariant bilinear form on $`𝔤`$ from section 2.3. There is a canonical homomorphism

(6.2)
$$\mathrm{\Gamma }\widehat{𝔤𝔤},xf(x\mathrm{Ex}(\gamma _1^{})^1(f),x\mathrm{Ex}(\gamma _2^{})^1(f)),KK$$

where $`\mathrm{Ex}(.)`$ denotes the power series expansion of a rational function on $`^1`$ at 0 in terms of the coordinate function $`t.`$

Define

$$G_N=\mathrm{span}\{(f_1x_1)\mathrm{}(f_Nx_N)f_i\text{vanish at}p_0,x_i𝔤\}U(\mathrm{\Gamma }).$$

Let $`f_0`$ be a rational function on $`^1`$ (unique up to a multiplication by a nonzero complex number) having only one (simple) zero at $`p_0`$ and only one (simple) pole at $`p_1.`$ For instance when $`\gamma _0(p_1)`$ is finite $`f_0(t)=a\gamma _0^{}(t)/(\gamma _0^{}(t)\gamma _0(p_1)),`$ $`a0.`$ Set

(6.3)
$$X_N=\mathrm{span}\{(f_0x_1)\mathrm{}(f_0x_N)x_i𝔤\}U(\mathrm{\Gamma }).$$

Clearly $`X_NG_N.`$

Let $`𝔣`$ be a subalgebra of $`𝔤`$ which is reductive in $`𝔤.`$ Denote by $`_{𝔤,𝔣}`$ the category of finite length $`𝔤`$-modules which are $`𝔣`$-locally finite, semisimple, and admissible. The last condition on a $`𝔤`$-module $`M`$ means that every finite dimensional $`𝔣`$-module appears with finite multiplicity in $`M|_𝔣.`$ By $`VV^d`$ we will denote the duality functor in $`_{𝔤,𝔣}`$ given by $`M^d=(M^{})^{U(𝔣)fin}.`$ By $`D(.)`$ we will denote the duality functor in $`𝒜(_{𝔤,𝔣})_\kappa `$ given by $`D(V)=(V^d)^{\mathrm{}}(\mathrm{}),`$ see \[17, Section 4\] for details.

Fix two smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ modules $`U`$ and $`V`$ of central charge $`\kappa h^{}`$ such that

$$U𝒦_\kappa \text{and}V𝒜(_{𝔤,𝔨})_\kappa .$$

Using the homomorphism (6.2) $`U_{}V`$ becomes a $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ module of central charge $`\kappa +h^{}.`$ Note that the restricted dual $`(UV)^d`$ is naturally a $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ submodule of $`(UV),`$ having central charge $`\kappa h^{}.`$ (The restricted dual is taken with respect to the embedding $`𝔨𝔤\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ using constant functions on $`^1.)`$ Following  define the following $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ submodule of $`(UV)^d`$

(6.4)
$$T^{}(U,V):=_{N1}T(U,V)\{N\}$$

where

$$T(U,V)\{N\}:=\mathrm{Ann}_{G_N}(UV)^d.$$

Eq. (6.4) indeed defines a $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ submodule of $`(UV)^d`$ since for any $`y\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ and any integer $`N`$ there exists an integer $`i`$ such that $`G_{N+i}y\mathrm{\Gamma }G_N.`$ In other words $`T^{}(U,V)\{N\}`$ is defined as

$$T^{}(U,V)\{N\}=\{\eta (UV)^{}\eta (G_NW)=0,dimU(𝔣)\eta <\mathrm{}\}.$$

The spaces $`T^{}(U,V)\{N\}`$ inherit a natural $`𝔤`$-action, using the embedding of $`𝔤`$ in $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ by constant functions. Kostant’s theorem  that $`_{𝔤,𝔨}`$ is stable under tensoring with finite dimensional $`𝔤`$-modules and the following lemma of Kazhdan and Lusztig imply that the spaces $`T^{}(U,V)\{N\},`$ equipped with this $`𝔤`$-action belong to $`_{𝔤,𝔨}.`$

###### Lemma 6.1.

\[11, Proposition 7.4\] Assume that $`V_i`$ are two strictly smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules of central charge $`\kappa h^{},`$ generated by $`V_i(N_i),`$ respectively. Then

$$UV=\underset{k=0}{\overset{N1}{}}X_k(U(N_1)V(N_2))+G_N(UV)$$

for all $`N_{>0}.`$

There is a canonical action of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ (“the copy attached to $`p_0`$”) on the space $`T^{}(U,V),`$ defined as follows. Let $`\eta T(U,V)\{N\}.`$ Fix $`\omega [t,t^1],`$ $`x𝔤`$ and choose $`fR`$ such that $`f\gamma _0^{}(\omega )`$ has a zero of order at least $`N`$ at $`p_0.`$ Then

(6.5)
$$(\omega x)\eta :=(fx)\eta $$

correctly defines a structure of smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module on $`T^{}(U,V)`$ of central charge $`\kappa h^{}.`$ Moreover

(6.6)
$$T^{}(U,V)(N)=T^{}(U,V)\{N\}.$$

The Kazhdan–Lusztig fusion tensor product of the strictly smooth $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules $`U`$ and $`V`$ is defined by

(6.7)
$$U\dot{}V=DT^{}(U,V)$$

In  we proved the following affine version of Kostant’s theorem that the categories $`_{𝔤,𝔨}`$ are stable under tensoring with finite dimensional $`𝔤`$-modules.

###### Theorem 6.2.

Assume that $`𝔣`$ is a subalgebra of $`𝔤`$ which is reductive in $`𝔤`$ and $`\kappa _0.`$ Then the categories $`𝒜(_{𝔤,𝔣})_\kappa `$ are stable under Kazhdan–Lusztig tensoring with modules from the Kazhdan–Lusztig’s category $`𝒦_\kappa .`$

The hardest step in Theorem 6.2 is to show that $`U\dot{}V`$ is finitely generated (equivalently has finite length) for any $`U𝒦_\kappa `$ and $`V𝒜(_{𝔤,𝔣})_\kappa .`$

The case $`𝔣=𝔤`$ recovers the finiteness result of Kazhdan and Lusztig  that $`𝒦_\kappa `$ is a monoidal category.