{"text":"Getting to space is hard.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Getting","to","space","is","hard","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Right now it's like going up a mountain on a unicycle with a backpack full of explosives.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Right","now","it","'s","like","going","up","a","mountain","on","a","unicycle","with","a","backpack","full","of","explosives","."],"tags":[13,14,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Incredibly slow, you can't transport a lot of stuff and you might die.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Incredibly","slow",",","you","ca","n't","transport","a","lot","of","stuff","and","you","might","die","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A rocket needs to reach a velocity of about 40,000 km an hour to escape from Earth.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["A","rocket","needs","to","reach","a","velocity","of","about","40,000","km","an","hour","to","escape","from","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To get to that speed, rockets are mostly containers for fuel with a tiny tip of payload.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["To","get","to","that","speed",",","rockets","are","mostly","containers","for","fuel","with","a","tiny","tip","of","payload","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This is bad if you want to go to other planets, because you need a lot of heavy stuff if you want to survive and maybe even come back.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":29,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["This","is","bad","if","you","want","to","go","to","other","planets",",","because","you","need","a","lot","of","heavy","stuff","if","you","want","to","survive","and","maybe","even","come","back","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So is there a way to get to space with less fuel and more payload?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","is","there","a","way","to","get","to","space","with","less","fuel","and","more","payload","?"],"tags":[13,25,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"A nice thing that solved most of our transport problems on Earth is what you call infrastructure.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["A","nice","thing","that","solved","most","of","our","transport","problems","on","Earth","is","what","you","call","infrastructure","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Whether it's roads for cars, ports for ships or rails for trains, we've made it easier to get to places.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":103,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":23,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Whether","it","'s","roads","for","cars",",","ports","for","ships","or","rails","for","trains",",","we","'ve","made","it","easier","to","get","to","places","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"We can apply the same solution to space travel.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","can","apply","the","same","solution","to","space","travel","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Space infrastructure will make getting into orbit and out to the Moon, Mars and beyond easier and cheaper.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":15,"token_start":4},{"end":105,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Space","infrastructure","will","make","getting","into","orbit","and","out","to","the","Moon",",","Mars","and","beyond","easier","and","cheaper","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Great, but what exactly is space infrastructure?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Great",",","but","what","exactly","is","space","infrastructure","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,11,13,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"there is a simple yet promising technology that does not require new science, magic materials or huge investments and that has been tested successfully in orbit already.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":167,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":27,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["there","is","a","simple","yet","promising","technology","that","does","not","require","new","science",",","magic","materials","or","huge","investments","and","that","has","been","tested","successfully","in","orbit","already","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The concept is so simple, it's surprising.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","concept","is","so","simple",",","it","'s","surprising","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This concept is known as the skyhook.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","concept","is","known","as","the","skyhook","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It works even better if we make it spin.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","works","even","better","if","we","make","it","spin","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A counterweight holds a long cable in place while it rotates around a circle.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","counterweight","holds","a","long","cable","in","place","while","it","rotates","around","a","circle","."],"tags":[1,2,21,5,6,6,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A rotating tether slows down its tip relative to the ground at the bottom and speeds it up at the top like a catapult.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":117,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["A","rotating","tether","slows","down","its","tip","relative","to","the","ground","at","the","bottom","and","speeds","it","up","at","the","top","like","a","catapult","."],"tags":[1,2,2,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This means that you can transfer energy from the tether and get a massive boost when released, more or less for free, equal to twice the tether's rotation velocity.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":163,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":31,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","that","you","can","transfer","energy","from","the","tether","and","get","a","massive","boost","when","released",",","more","or","less","for","free",",","equal","to","twice","the","tether","'s","rotation","velocity","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Specialized fibers already exist that can survive the extraordinary stresses a skyhook would be faced with.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Specialized","fibers","already","exist","that","can","survive","the","extraordinary","stresses","a","skyhook","would","be","faced","with","."],"tags":[1,2,13,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"To protect against cuts and collisions from debris and meteorites, we can thread our tether into a web of redundant fibers.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":122,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":21,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["To","protect","against","cuts","and","collisions","from","debris","and","meteorites",",","we","can","thread","our","tether","into","a","web","of","redundant","fibers","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Since our skyhook would pass over the same spot many times a day, this would allow small, reusable shuttles to catch up with it.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":20,"token_start":17},{"end":127,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":108,"token_end":25,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Since","our","skyhook","would","pass","over","the","same","spot","many","times","a","day",",","this","would","allow","small",",","reusable","shuttles","to","catch","up","with","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Of course, it's not that easy.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Of","course",",","it","'s","not","that","easy","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,21,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"At its lowest point, the tether's tip is dashing through the atmosphere at around 12,000 kilometers per hour.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["At","its","lowest","point",",","the","tether","'s","tip","is","dashing","through","the","atmosphere","at","around","12,000","kilometers","per","hour","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,27,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Because of Earth's atmosphere, we can't lower the skyhook too much or it will get too hot from air friction.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Because","of","Earth","'s","atmosphere",",","we","ca","n't","lower","the","skyhook","too","much","or","it","will","get","too","hot","from","air","friction","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So it will dip to a height of 80 to 150 kilometers and no lower.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","it","will","dip","to","a","height","of","80","to","150","kilometers","and","no","lower","."],"tags":[13,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"To match this, we'll need specialized spacecraft that can get to the tether.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["To","match","this",",","we","'ll","need","specialized","spacecraft","that","can","get","to","the","tether","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"While this isn't exactly easy, it's still much cheaper than getting a big tin can filled with rocket fuel to go 40,000 kilometers an hour.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":27,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["While","this","is","n't","exactly","easy",",","it","'s","still","much","cheaper","than","getting","a","big","tin","can","filled","with","rocket","fuel","to","go","40,000","kilometers","an","hour","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Catching the tip will be a challenge too.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Catching","the","tip","will","be","a","challenge","too","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,21,11,12,13,0]}
{"text":"There's only a short time window of 60 to 90 seconds to find a tiny thing in the sky moving at Mach 12.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":101,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","only","a","short","time","window","of","60","to","90","seconds","to","find","a","tiny","thing","in","the","sky","moving","at","Mach","12","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"To make this easier, the tip could have a sort of fishing line, a kilometer long, with a navigation drone that helps the spacecraft connect.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":138,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":27,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["To","make","this","easier",",","the","tip","could","have","a","sort","of","fishing","line",",","a","kilometer","long",",","with","a","navigation","drone","that","helps","the","spacecraft","connect","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Another challenge is keeping our skyhook in orbit.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Another","challenge","is","keeping","our","skyhook","in","orbit","."],"tags":[1,2,21,27,5,6,33,34,0]}
{"text":"As more and more ships latch onto it and pull themselves up, they use up the momentum that keeps it in place.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["As","more","and","more","ships","latch","onto","it","and","pull","themselves","up",",","they","use","up","the","momentum","that","keeps","it","in","place","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If we don't do anything, it will slow down and crash into the atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","we","do","n't","do","anything",",","it","will","slow","down","and","crash","into","the","atmosphere","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And here, we can cheat the universe a bit.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","here",",","we","can","cheat","the","universe","a","bit","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The skyhook is a battery of orbital energy.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","skyhook","is","a","battery","of","orbital","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's possible to balance the payloads coming in and being sent off.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","possible","to","balance","the","payloads","coming","in","and","being","sent","off","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Arriving ships bringing humans and materials home to Earth add energy to the tether, which it can give to other ships departing into space.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Arriving","ships","bringing","humans","and","materials","home","to","Earth","add","energy","to","the","tether",",","which","it","can","give","to","other","ships","departing","into","space","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This way, the tether doesn't lose any energy.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","way",",","the","tether","does","n't","lose","any","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,37,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The more we use it, the cheaper it gets.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","more","we","use","it",",","the","cheaper","it","gets","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,1,21,0]}
{"text":"If we're still losing energy with each boost, we can recover it with small electric or chemical engines that regularly correct the tether's position.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":147,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":26,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","we","'re","still","losing","energy","with","each","boost",",","we","can","recover","it","with","small","electric","or","chemical","engines","that","regularly","correct","the","tether","'s","position","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A set of tethers, one around Earth and one around Mars, could make trips between the planets fast, straightforward, and low-cost compared to rockets.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":18,"token_start":15},{"end":128,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":26,"token_start":19},{"end":148,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":129,"token_end":29,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["A","set","of","tethers",",","one","around","Earth","and","one","around","Mars",",","could","make","trips","between","the","planets","fast",",","straightforward",",","and","low","-","cost","compared","to","rockets","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,0,15,19,5,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The Earth tether would sit in low Earth orbit to grab people and payloads and fling them off to Mars.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","Earth","tether","would","sit","in","low","Earth","orbit","to","grab","people","and","payloads","and","fling","them","off","to","Mars","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The Mars tether catches them and slows them down for a landing on the surface.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","Mars","tether","catches","them","and","slows","them","down","for","a","landing","on","the","surface","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In the opposite direction, the tether could pick up a vehicle traveling through Mars' thin atmosphere at only about 1,000 kilometers an hour,","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":101,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":10},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["In","the","opposite","direction",",","the","tether","could","pick","up","a","vehicle","traveling","through","Mars","'","thin","atmosphere","at","only","about","1,000","kilometers","an","hour",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The tethers could shorten trips between both planets from nine months down to five or even three, and reduce the scale of the rockets required by between 84 and 96%.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":11},{"end":101,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":98,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":164,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":102,"token_end":31,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["The","tethers","could","shorten","trips","between","both","planets","from","nine","months","down","to","five","or","even","three",",","and","reduce","the","scale","of","the","rockets","required","by","between","84","and","96","%","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Even better, people may be able to travel in relative luxury as we could afford to invest in passenger comfort.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Even","better",",","people","may","be","able","to","travel","in","relative","luxury","as","we","could","afford","to","invest","in","passenger","comfort","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Tether travel would be first-class seats to Mars.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Tether","travel","would","be","first","-","class","seats","to","Mars","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Together, tethers around Earth and Mars could provide the rapid and cost-efficient transportation backbone that would make space travel affordable.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":145,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Together",",","tethers","around","Earth","and","Mars","could","provide","the","rapid","and","cost","-","efficient","transportation","backbone","that","would","make","space","travel","affordable","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But let's go further.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","let","'s","go","further","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Starting from low Mars orbit, a tether could boost ships to the asteroid belt.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Starting","from","low","Mars","orbit",",","a","tether","could","boost","ships","to","the","asteroid","belt","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The first craft sent to a new asteroid would need rockets to slow down at its destination.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":89,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","first","craft","sent","to","a","new","asteroid","would","need","rockets","to","slow","down","at","its","destination","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Subsequent arrivals might find a tether waiting to catch them and send them back for free.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Subsequent","arrivals","might","find","a","tether","waiting","to","catch","them","and","send","them","back","for","free","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Getting to asteroids cheaply is a major factor in opening up the resources of the solar system.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":93,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Getting","to","asteroids","cheaply","is","a","major","factor","in","opening","up","the","resources","of","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Precious metals and valuable minerals could be delivered to Mars just weeks after they were cut out of their asteroid.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Precious","metals","and","valuable","minerals","could","be","delivered","to","Mars","just","weeks","after","they","were","cut","out","of","their","asteroid","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They would be the perfect building blocks for our interplanetary civilization.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","would","be","the","perfect","building","blocks","for","our","interplanetary","civilization","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Mars' moons are very convenient.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Mars","'","moons","are","very","convenient","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Phobos is so heavy that we don't need to worry about slowing it down, making it the perfect attachment point for super tethers just under 6,000 km long.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":14,"token_start":2},{"end":151,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":29,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Phobos","is","so","heavy","that","we","do","n't","need","to","worry","about","slowing","it","down",",","making","it","the","perfect","attachment","point","for","super","tethers","just","under","6,000","km","long","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The lower tip would fly just over the surface of Mars and be very easy to catch.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","lower","tip","would","fly","just","over","the","surface","of","Mars","and","be","very","easy","to","catch","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The upper tip can fling ships all the way to Jupiter and Saturn.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","upper","tip","can","fling","ships","all","the","way","to","Jupiter","and","Saturn","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The same super tether can also bring the inner solar system closer.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","same","super","tether","can","also","bring","the","inner","solar","system","closer","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,33,0]}
{"text":"Venus and Mercury are a single swing away.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Venus","and","Mercury","are","a","single","swing","away","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Unlike Mars, they're bursting with solar energy and are rich in minerals.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Unlike","Mars",",","they","'re","bursting","with","solar","energy","and","are","rich","in","minerals","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,27,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In the long term, nothing is stopping humanity from constructing a zero-propellant transport network for the terrestrial planets centered on the Martian moons.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":157,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":25,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","the","long","term",",","nothing","is","stopping","humanity","from","constructing","a","zero","-","propellant","transport","network","for","the","terrestrial","planets","centered","on","the","Martian","moons","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Tethers are a comparably cheap and sustainable solution to making space travel affordable and the rest of the solar system accessible for exploitation and exploration.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":165,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":24,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Tethers","are","a","comparably","cheap","and","sustainable","solution","to","making","space","travel","affordable","and","the","rest","of","the","solar","system","accessible","for","exploitation","and","exploration","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Considering that we have the technology to build them today, there's really no good excuse to wait any longer.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":108,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Considering","that","we","have","the","technology","to","build","them","today",",","there","'s","really","no","good","excuse","to","wait","any","longer","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,25,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Parts of the solar system are far away, but they could be very close.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Parts","of","the","solar","system","are","far","away",",","but","they","could","be","very","close","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Our friends from Brilliant can hook you up to a universe full of explosive ideas and fun courses.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Our","friends","from","Brilliant","can","hook","you","up","to","a","universe","full","of","explosive","ideas","and","fun","courses","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,5,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"Each problem gives you all the tools you need to crack complex topics all by yourself.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Each","problem","gives","you","all","the","tools","you","need","to","crack","complex","topics","all","by","yourself","."],"tags":[1,2,25,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"It's learning by doing, but with your brain instead of your hands.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","'s","learning","by","doing",",","but","with","your","brain","instead","of","your","hands","."],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Use your curiosity to get to the bottom of puzzles and courses about things like classical mechanics, astronomy, gravitational physics and much more.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":148,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":24,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Use","your","curiosity","to","get","to","the","bottom","of","puzzles","and","courses","about","things","like","classical","mechanics",",","astronomy",",","gravitational","physics","and","much","more","."],"tags":[19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you click the link in the description or visit \"brilliant.org\/nutshell\", you can sign up for free and learn more things than you can imagine.","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":91,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":19,"token_start":18},{"end":104,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":101,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":143,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":105,"token_end":27,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","you","click","the","link","in","the","description","or","visit","\"","brilliant.org\/nutshell","\"",",","you","can","sign","up","for","free","and","learn","more","things","than","you","can","imagine","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And there's an extra perk for Kurzgesagt viewers.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","'s","an","extra","perk","for","Kurzgesagt","viewers","."],"tags":[0,3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The first 688 people to use the link get 20% off their annual membership, which lets you view all the daily problems in the archives and unlock every course.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","first","688","people","to","use","the","link","get","20","%","off","their","annual","membership",",","which","lets","you","view","all","the","daily","problems","in","the","archives","and","unlock","every","course","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Brilliant helps you end your day a little smarter.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Brilliant","helps","you","end","your","day","a","little","smarter","."],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"You might get hooked on the experience.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","might","get","hooked","on","the","experience","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's unclear how precise those tests were, however.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","'s","unclear","how","precise","those","tests","were",",","however","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,0,13,0]}
{"text":"But how high is the risk of psychosis for the general population?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","how","high","is","the","risk","of","psychosis","for","the","general","population","?"],"tags":[0,11,12,21,1,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The risk of marijuana-induced psychosis remains the highest","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","risk","of","marijuana","-","induced","psychosis","remains","the","highest"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12]}
{"text":"For them, it seems more likely that marijuana speeds up the development of their condition","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":90,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["For","them",",","it","seems","more","likely","that","marijuana","speeds","up","the","development","of","their","condition"],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2]}
{"text":"So the reasoning goes, if fewer people have access to marijuana,","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","the","reasoning","goes",",","if","fewer","people","have","access","to","marijuana",","],"tags":[13,1,2,25,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But actually, you could argue that precisely because marijuana is illegal,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","actually",",","you","could","argue","that","precisely","because","marijuana","is","illegal",","],"tags":[0,13,0,1,15,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"more people will end up with psychosis.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["more","people","will","end","up","with","psychosis","."],"tags":[1,2,15,31,32,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Prohibition makes illegal drugs stronger and more potent,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Prohibition","makes","illegal","drugs","stronger","and","more","potent",","],"tags":[1,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"because this way you can ship more product in a smaller space and sell it at a greater profit.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["because","this","way","you","can","ship","more","product","in","a","smaller","space","and","sell","it","at","a","greater","profit","."],"tags":[0,13,14,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This is what happened during the prohibition of alcohol in the US,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","what","happened","during","the","prohibition","of","alcohol","in","the","US",","],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And the same is happening with marijuana now.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","the","same","is","happening","with","marijuana","now","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,27,13,14,13,0]}
{"text":"Imagine a world where liquor is the only alcohol available.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","a","world","where","liquor","is","the","only","alcohol","available","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You have the choice of either not drinking at all or getting much drunker than you would like to.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","have","the","choice","of","either","not","drinking","at","all","or","getting","much","drunker","than","you","would","like","to","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is the situation for many marijuana smokers today.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","the","situation","for","many","marijuana","smokers","today","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"People didn't stop drinking during prohibition","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["People","did","n't","stop","drinking","during","prohibition"],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,13,14]}
{"text":"and the numbers show that laws don't deter people from using marijuana.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["and","the","numbers","show","that","laws","do","n't","deter","people","from","using","marijuana","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We can't make marijuana go away, but we can make it safer.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","ca","n't","make","marijuana","go","away",",","but","we","can","make","it","safer","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,33,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If marijuana were legal, there would be more options for consumers","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","marijuana","were","legal",",","there","would","be","more","options","for","consumers"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,15,19,1,2,2,2]}
{"text":"and regulators could, for example, insist on a high level of CBD.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["and","regulators","could",",","for","example",",","insist","on","a","high","level","of","CBD","."],"tags":[0,1,15,0,13,14,0,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Just like most people don't drink an after-work bottle of vodka,","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Just","like","most","people","do","n't","drink","an","after","-","work","bottle","of","vodka",","],"tags":[0,0,1,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"many people would gladly consume the after-work beer version of marijuana.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["many","people","would","gladly","consume","the","after","-","work","beer","version","of","marijuana","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Argument 2. Marijuana is a gateway drug.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Argument","2",".","Marijuana","is","a","gateway","drug","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If it's legalized, there will be a spike in the use of much more dangerous drugs.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","it","'s","legalized",",","there","will","be","a","spike","in","the","use","of","much","more","dangerous","drugs","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,15,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Legalizing marijuana could reinforce this trend.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Legalizing","marijuana","could","reinforce","this","trend","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"As more young people try legal marijuana, they might end up trying harder drugs.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["As","more","young","people","try","legal","marijuana",",","they","might","end","up","trying","harder","drugs","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But it turns out that the real gateway to drug use comes much earlier, cigarettes.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","turns","out","that","the","real","gateway","to","drug","use","comes","much","earlier",",","cigarettes","."],"tags":[0,1,31,32,31,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,0]}
{"text":"But if that's the case, how could making more drugs legal stop the use of hard drugs?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","if","that","'s","the","case",",","how","could","making","more","drugs","legal","stop","the","use","of","hard","drugs","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"At first, it's important to acknowledge that people don't use drugs because they're legal or not.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":96,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["At","first",",","it","'s","important","to","acknowledge","that","people","do","n't","use","drugs","because","they","'re","legal","or","not","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"If you want to buy any drug, you'll always find someone happy to sell.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","buy","any","drug",",","you","'ll","always","find","someone","happy","to","sell","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The real question is why do people develop an unhealthy relationship with drugs at all?","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","real","question","is","why","do","people","develop","an","unhealthy","relationship","with","drugs","at","all","?"],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Studies show that certain conditions make people especially vulnerable to drugs and addiction.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Studies","show","that","certain","conditions","make","people","especially","vulnerable","to","drugs","and","addiction","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Addicts take drugs to escape their problems,","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Addicts","take","drugs","to","escape","their","problems",","],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"but drugs don't solve any of those problems and instead become a new problem.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["but","drugs","do","n't","solve","any","of","those","problems","and","instead","become","a","new","problem","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So some argue we need to take a completely different route.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","some","argue","we","need","to","take","a","completely","different","route","."],"tags":[13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In 2001, Portugal had one of the worst drug problems in Europe,","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","2001",",","Portugal","had","one","of","the","worst","drug","problems","in","Europe",","],"tags":[13,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"so it was desperate enough to try something radical.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["so","it","was","desperate","enough","to","try","something","radical","."],"tags":[13,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Possession and use of all illegal drugs was decriminalized.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Possession","and","use","of","all","illegal","drugs","was","decriminalized","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"You would no longer be arrested.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["You","would","no","longer","be","arrested","."],"tags":[1,15,13,14,15,29,0]}
{"text":"Instead, authorities launched a major health campaign.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Instead",",","authorities","launched","a","major","health","campaign","."],"tags":[13,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"People who were found with a small amount were referred to support services","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["People","who","were","found","with","a","small","amount","were","referred","to","support","services"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14]}
{"text":"Drug use was seen as a chronic disease, not a crime.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Drug","use","was","seen","as","a","chronic","disease",",","not","a","crime","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The results were stunning.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","results","were","stunning","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The number of people who tried drugs and kept using them fell from 44% to 28% by 2012.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":17,"token_start":12},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":19,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["The","number","of","people","who","tried","drugs","and","kept","using","them","fell","from","44","%","to","28","%","by","2012","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The use of hard drugs decreased, as well as HIV and hepatitis infections and overdoses.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","use","of","hard","drugs","decreased",",","as","well","as","HIV","and","hepatitis","infections","and","overdoses","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Making drugs legal might overall help society much more than it harms it.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Making","drugs","legal","might","overall","help","society","much","more","than","it","harms","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,19,5,13,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Marijuana is addictive and unhealthy.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Marijuana","is","addictive","and","unhealthy","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It needs to remain illegal to keep harm at a minimum.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","needs","to","remain","illegal","to","keep","harm","at","a","minimum","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"While marijuana addiction is more psychological than physical, it is still a real problem.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["While","marijuana","addiction","is","more","psychological","than","physical",",","it","is","still","a","real","problem","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The demand for treatment for marijuana addiction has more than doubled in the past decade alone.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","demand","for","treatment","for","marijuana","addiction","has","more","than","doubled","in","the","past","decade","alone","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,14,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In total, about 10% of people who try marijuana will become addicted.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","total",",","about","10","%","of","people","who","try","marijuana","will","become","addicted","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"This is also related to higher THC levels.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","also","related","to","higher","THC","levels","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A study released in 2017 tracked the potency of marijuana in Dutch coffee shops over a period of 16 years.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","study","released","in","2017","tracked","the","potency","of","marijuana","in","Dutch","coffee","shops","over","a","period","of","16","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For every 1% increase in THC, 60 more people entered treatment nationwide.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["For","every","1","%","increase","in","THC",",","60","more","people","entered","treatment","nationwide","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,5,13,0]}
{"text":"In terms of negative health effects, some studies linked marijuana use to increased blood pressure and lung problems,","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","terms","of","negative","health","effects",",","some","studies","linked","marijuana","use","to","increased","blood","pressure","and","lung","problems",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"while a 2016 study found that marijuana use was unrelated to physical health problems, except for a higher risk of gum disease.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":126,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":22,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["while","a","2016","study","found","that","marijuana","use","was","unrelated","to","physical","health","problems",",","except","for","a","higher","risk","of","gum","disease","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Some studies showed that marijuana use alters teenagers' brains and decreases their intelligence,","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","studies","showed","that","marijuana","use","alters","teenagers","'","brains","and","decreases","their","intelligence",","],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"but when more recent studies took drinking and smoking into account, the results were inconclusive.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":84,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["but","when","more","recent","studies","took","drinking","and","smoking","into","account",",","the","results","were","inconclusive","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Overall, research shows that taking any drugs while the brain is still in development is bad for you.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Overall",",","research","shows","that","taking","any","drugs","while","the","brain","is","still","in","development","is","bad","for","you","."],"tags":[13,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But the truth is we don't know yet how unhealthy marijuana is.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","the","truth","is","we","do","n't","know","yet","how","unhealthy","marijuana","is","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We need more funding for research, which is hard to get while marijuana remains illegal.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","more","funding","for","research",",","which","is","hard","to","get","while","marijuana","remains","illegal","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We can put what we know into perspective, though.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","can","put","what","we","know","into","perspective",",","though","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,0,13,0]}
{"text":"16% of people who consume alcohol become alcoholics, and 32% of people who try cigarettes become smokers.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["16","%","of","people","who","consume","alcohol","become","alcoholics",",","and","32","%","of","people","who","try","cigarettes","become","smokers","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We know for sure alcohol affects your brain, destroys your liver and causes cancer,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","know","for","sure","alcohol","affects","your","brain",",","destroys","your","liver","and","causes","cancer",","],"tags":[1,19,13,14,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"while tobacco clogs your arteries, destroys your lungs and also causes cancer.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["while","tobacco","clogs","your","arteries",",","destroys","your","lungs","and","also","causes","cancer","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"3.3 million people die from alcohol abuse each year, while smoking kills more than 6 million people.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["3.3","million","people","die","from","alcohol","abuse","each","year",",","while","smoking","kills","more","than","6","million","people","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,14,14,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Nobody is suggesting tobacco and alcohol are harmless just because they're legal.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Nobody","is","suggesting","tobacco","and","alcohol","are","harmless","just","because","they","'re","legal","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Also, nobody is seriously proposing to prohibit them, even though they are extremely dangerous.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Also",",","nobody","is","seriously","proposing","to","prohibit","them",",","even","though","they","are","extremely","dangerous","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,13,27,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Legality is a way to exercise some control over them, especially when it comes to protecting young people.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Legality","is","a","way","to","exercise","some","control","over","them",",","especially","when","it","comes","to","protecting","young","people","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's often much harder to buy legal drugs for teenagers than to buy illegal ones.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["It","'s","often","much","harder","to","buy","legal","drugs","for","teenagers","than","to","buy","illegal","ones","."],"tags":[3,21,13,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Official sellers can get hefty fines and lose their license if they sell to underage kids.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Official","sellers","can","get","hefty","fines","and","lose","their","license","if","they","sell","to","underage","kids","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Legality creates incentives here that drug dealers can't exploit.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Legality","creates","incentives","here","that","drug","dealers","ca","n't","exploit","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So making marijuana legal doesn't mean endorsing it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","making","marijuana","legal","does","n't","mean","endorsing","it","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"It means taking responsibility for the risks it poses.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","means","taking","responsibility","for","the","risks","it","poses","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It could also open the floodgates to tons of new research that shows us how harmful it really is and to whom.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","could","also","open","the","floodgates","to","tons","of","new","research","that","shows","us","how","harmful","it","really","is","and","to","whom","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Marijuana is a drug, and just like any other drug, it has negative consequences for a sizable portion of the people who use it.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":25,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Marijuana","is","a","drug",",","and","just","like","any","other","drug",",","it","has","negative","consequences","for","a","sizable","portion","of","the","people","who","use","it","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It is not harmless.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","is","not","harmless","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"The best way to protect society from its negative consequences seems to be legalization and regulation.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":102,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","best","way","to","protect","society","from","its","negative","consequences","seems","to","be","legalization","and","regulation","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Kurzgesagt is lying to you in every video, even in this one,","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Kurzgesagt","is","lying","to","you","in","every","video",",","even","in","this","one",","],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"because our videos distill very complex subjects into flashy 10-minute pieces, and unfortunately, reality is, well, complicated.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":83,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["because","our","videos","distill","very","complex","subjects","into","flashy","10","-","minute","pieces",",","and","unfortunately",",","reality","is",",","well",",","complicated","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The question of how we deal with that is central to what we do on this channel, and something we think about a lot.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":113,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","question","of","how","we","deal","with","that","is","central","to","what","we","do","on","this","channel",",","and","something","we","think","about","a","lot","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"What we mean by lying is the concept of lies to children.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["What","we","mean","by","lying","is","the","concept","of","lies","to","children","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The idea that on the path to explaining something complicated, you start off with a little lie, a useful oversimplification, that makes it easier to grasp a concept.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","idea","that","on","the","path","to","explaining","something","complicated",",","you","start","off","with","a","little","lie",",","a","useful","oversimplification",",","that","makes","it","easier","to","grasp","a","concept","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,31,32,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"For example, as a kid you learn that the Earth is a sphere orbiting the Sun with planet buddies.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","example",",","as","a","kid","you","learn","that","the","Earth","is","a","sphere","orbiting","the","Sun","with","planet","buddies","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But it's not actually a sphere, and the buddies are super different in size, and not close to each other at all.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","not","actually","a","sphere",",","and","the","buddies","are","super","different","in","size",",","and","not","close","to","each","other","at","all","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,13,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"By beginning at a place of oversimplification, you're building a framework, a foundation that you can then build upon and add nuance and complexity later on.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":155,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":28,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["By","beginning","at","a","place","of","oversimplification",",","you","'re","building","a","framework",",","a","foundation","that","you","can","then","build","upon","and","add","nuance","and","complexity","later","on","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Step by step, you're getting towards the real gist of the complicated subject.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Step","by","step",",","you","'re","getting","towards","the","real","gist","of","the","complicated","subject","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,21,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Science communication has to use lies to children to some degree, or it turns into science education.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":68,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Science","communication","has","to","use","lies","to","children","to","some","degree",",","or","it","turns","into","science","education","."],"tags":[1,2,17,18,19,5,13,14,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And getting a proper education in all of the scientific fields would take years of intense study to become fluent in them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":69,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["And","getting","a","proper","education","in","all","of","the","scientific","fields","would","take","years","of","intense","study","to","become","fluent","in","them","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As a species, we have a major interest in summarizing science and its advancements, and educating as many people about it as possible,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":132,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":24,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["As","a","species",",","we","have","a","major","interest","in","summarizing","science","and","its","advancements",",","and","educating","as","many","people","about","it","as","possible",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"because we all benefit if more people have a fact-based scientific worldview.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["because","we","all","benefit","if","more","people","have","a","fact","-","based","scientific","worldview","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We will discuss what science is and how it works in different videos in more detail,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["We","will","discuss","what","science","is","and","how","it","works","in","different","videos","in","more","detail",","],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"but for now, let's just say it's a process to advance, organize, predict, and test our knowledge about the universe.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":115,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":25,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["but","for","now",",","let","'s","just","say","it","'s","a","process","to","advance",",","organize",",","predict",",","and","test","our","knowledge","about","the","universe","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,19,5,13,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"If you understand the current state of scientific knowledge, then you can make better decisions based on facts and testable ideas,","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":21,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","you","understand","the","current","state","of","scientific","knowledge",",","then","you","can","make","better","decisions","based","on","facts","and","testable","ideas",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our brains are comically ill-prepared to navigate the fast-moving world we happen to live in today, a world ironically created by science.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":26,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Our","brains","are","comically","ill","-","prepared","to","navigate","the","fast","-","moving","world","we","happen","to","live","in","today",",","a","world","ironically","created","by","science","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A few hundred years ago, it was possible to be knowledgeable and expert-level in pretty much every field of study.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":113,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["A","few","hundred","years","ago",",","it","was","possible","to","be","knowledgeable","and","expert","-","level","in","pretty","much","every","field","of","study","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In the information age, this is a futile endeavor, since knowledge and data are increasing exponentially.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","the","information","age",",","this","is","a","futile","endeavor",",","since","knowledge","and","data","are","increasing","exponentially","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So to even have a chance of grasping the world we live in, we need summaries that give us, if not a true understanding of all the details, a solid overview.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":154,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":33,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So","to","even","have","a","chance","of","grasping","the","world","we","live","in",",","we","need","summaries","that","give","us",",","if","not","a","true","understanding","of","all","the","details",",","a","solid","overview","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Explaining science to many people is not about enlightening the ignorant, but necessary for the progress of our species at large.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Explaining","science","to","many","people","is","not","about","enlightening","the","ignorant",",","but","necessary","for","the","progress","of","our","species","at","large","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"To make this possible, we need to find metaphors and stories that capture the true nature of things as much as possible, while using a language that our brains can deal with.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":119,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":22,"token_start":7},{"end":173,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":121,"token_end":33,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["To","make","this","possible",",","we","need","to","find","metaphors","and","stories","that","capture","the","true","nature","of","things","as","much","as","possible",",","while","using","a","language","that","our","brains","can","deal","with","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A great example here is physics.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","great","example","here","is","physics","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Quarks are often depicted as blue, red, and green, with different spins.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Quarks","are","often","depicted","as","blue",",","red",",","and","green",",","with","different","spins","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But just saying spin and using colors forces our brain to imagine colorful spinning balls,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":89,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","just","saying","spin","and","using","colors","forces","our","brain","to","imagine","colorful","spinning","balls",","],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Molecules are nothing like the neat diagrams that we're taught in school, but buzzing and vibrating entities held together by something we call charge,","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":149,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":25,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Molecules","are","nothing","like","the","neat","diagrams","that","we","'re","taught","in","school",",","but","buzzing","and","vibrating","entities","held","together","by","something","we","call","charge",","],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"that describes how certain things want to be close or escape each other for some unknown reason.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["that","describes","how","certain","things","want","to","be","close","or","escape","each","other","for","some","unknown","reason","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We're describing phenomena that we're pretty sure exist in some form or another,","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'re","describing","phenomena","that","we","'re","pretty","sure","exist","in","some","form","or","another",","],"tags":[1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"because the maths works out, and we can do real-world experiments and predict their results before we do them.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["because","the","maths","works","out",",","and","we","can","do","real","-","world","experiments","and","predict","their","results","before","we","do","them","."],"tags":[0,1,2,31,32,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In reality, these are models, tricks to summarize what we know, make up a coherent story, and prepare the ground for more in-depth explanations.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":142,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":29,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","reality",",","these","are","models",",","tricks","to","summarize","what","we","know",",","make","up","a","coherent","story",",","and","prepare","the","ground","for","more","in","-","depth","explanations","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Don't confuse the description of a thing for the thing itself.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Do","n't","confuse","the","description","of","a","thing","for","the","thing","itself","."],"tags":[15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Simplifications like these are not just meant to dumb things down, they're actually useful for experts themselves.","spans":[{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":74,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":113,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Simplifications","like","these","are","not","just","meant","to","dumb","things","down",",","they","'re","actually","useful","for","experts","themselves","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But the simplification of science can also be problematic for a bunch of reasons.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","the","simplification","of","science","can","also","be","problematic","for","a","bunch","of","reasons","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,13,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Finding the true nature of reality is super hard, because our brains did not evolve for this job, and the universe doesn't care if we understand it.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":146,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":29,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Finding","the","true","nature","of","reality","is","super","hard",",","because","our","brains","did","not","evolve","for","this","job",",","and","the","universe","does","n't","care","if","we","understand","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Science is a process to work towards gaining knowledge, and not an absolute truth generator.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Science","is","a","process","to","work","towards","gaining","knowledge",",","and","not","an","absolute","truth","generator","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The answers it provides are multilayered and nuanced, and that complexity can get lost when it's simplified, especially when it's done so for headlines.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":151,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":27,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","answers","it","provides","are","multilayered","and","nuanced",",","and","that","complexity","can","get","lost","when","it","'s","simplified",",","especially","when","it","'s","done","so","for","headlines","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"An interesting cancer study turns into a potential cure, a healthy food becomes the basis for a new diet.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["An","interesting","cancer","study","turns","into","a","potential","cure",",","a","healthy","food","becomes","the","basis","for","a","new","diet","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Such simplifications give a misleading definiteness to science, which goes against its process-like nature.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Such","simplifications","give","a","misleading","definiteness","to","science",",","which","goes","against","its","process","-","like","nature","."],"tags":[1,2,19,7,8,8,9,10,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"When cures don't materialize, and diets don't turn out to be magical, we lose confidence in science, and start to think of all science communication as misleading.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":20,"token_start":18},{"end":103,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":101,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":161,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":105,"token_end":31,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["When","cures","do","n't","materialize",",","and","diets","do","n't","turn","out","to","be","magical",",","we","lose","confidence","in","science",",","and","start","to","think","of","all","science","communication","as","misleading","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Then there's the opposite effect.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Then","there","'s","the","opposite","effect","."],"tags":[13,3,25,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"If a simplification is too engaging, if the story it tells is too good, it can distort the true complexity of a subject, and give you a false sense of security and an illusion of deep knowledge.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":14,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":79,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":24,"token_start":19},{"end":123,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":121,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":192,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":125,"token_end":39,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["If","a","simplification","is","too","engaging",",","if","the","story","it","tells","is","too","good",",","it","can","distort","the","true","complexity","of","a","subject",",","and","give","you","a","false","sense","of","security","and","an","illusion","of","deep","knowledge","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And this can have negative consequences for all of us, because in the worst case, overconfidence in your own understanding of science can lead to bad decisions made with confidence.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":179,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":31,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","this","can","have","negative","consequences","for","all","of","us",",","because","in","the","worst","case",",","overconfidence","in","your","own","understanding","of","science","can","lead","to","bad","decisions","made","with","confidence","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Just think of the surge of people that confidently disavow vaccines or climate change without truly understanding the subject matter.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":131,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Just","think","of","the","surge","of","people","that","confidently","disavow","vaccines","or","climate","change","without","truly","understanding","the","subject","matter","."],"tags":[13,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So considering all of this, and the fact that we at Kurzgesagt reach millions of people with our videos, how do we handle this?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":19,"token_start":1},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":110,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":109,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":113,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":120,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":115,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":125,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":122,"token_end":25,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["So","considering","all","of","this",",","and","the","fact","that","we","at","Kurzgesagt","reach","millions","of","people","with","our","videos",",","how","do","we","handle","this","?"],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Well, it has been a journey, especially the research.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Well",",","it","has","been","a","journey",",","especially","the","research","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,21,11,12,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"When we started, we just read articles, then moved on to books, peer-reviewed papers, then to conversations with experts.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["When","we","started",",","we","just","read","articles",",","then","moved","on","to","books",",","peer","-","reviewed","papers",",","then","to","conversations","with","experts","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,23,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We began to collect our sources.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","began","to","collect","our","sources","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"With every step, we realized that we were still not doing enough.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["With","every","step",",","we","realized","that","we","were","still","not","doing","enough","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Nowadays, we try to read as many primary sources as possible, talk to multiple experts and document our simplifications, and give further reading in our sources doc.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":164,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":29,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Nowadays",",","we","try","to","read","as","many","primary","sources","as","possible",",","talk","to","multiple","experts","and","document","our","simplifications",",","and","give","further","reading","in","our","sources","doc","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But this doesn't make our process flawless.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","this","does","n't","make","our","process","flawless","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,5,6,33,0]}
{"text":"What do you do if experts disagree with each other?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","do","you","do","if","experts","disagree","with","each","other","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What do you do if you find an amazing fact that perfectly fits a narrative, but just can't find its primary source?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","do","you","do","if","you","find","an","amazing","fact","that","perfectly","fits","a","narrative",",","but","just","ca","n't","find","its","primary","source","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"How do you deal with the reality that many scientific results have huge error bars or maybes attached to them?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["How","do","you","deal","with","the","reality","that","many","scientific","results","have","huge","error","bars","or","maybes","attached","to","them","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"How do you handle complex systems that defy easy answers?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["How","do","you","handle","complex","systems","that","defy","easy","answers","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In the end, we make 10-minute videos, and we need to make decisions about what details and explanations can fit, which aspects need to be simplified, and which parts to cut.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":172,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":36,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","we","make","10","-","minute","videos",",","and","we","need","to","make","decisions","about","what","details","and","explanations","can","fit",",","which","aspects","need","to","be","simplified",",","and","which","parts","to","cut","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There is no single best answer for how to do this, and so we weigh the different options every single time.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["There","is","no","single","best","answer","for","how","to","do","this",",","and","so","we","weigh","the","different","options","every","single","time","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It can be painful for experts to see their field simplified, some are happy with us, while others don't like it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","can","be","painful","for","experts","to","see","their","field","simplified",",","some","are","happy","with","us",",","while","others","do","n't","like","it","."],"tags":[3,15,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This is fair, but also impossible to avoid.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","fair",",","but","also","impossible","to","avoid","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We're still trying to improve and want to be transparent about what we're trying to do.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","'re","still","trying","to","improve","and","want","to","be","transparent","about","what","we","'re","trying","to","do","."],"tags":[1,15,13,27,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"For example, we're taking part in the Treska project about science communication to learn more.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["For","example",",","we","'re","taking","part","in","the","Treska","project","about","science","communication","to","learn","more","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All of this brings us to the purpose of our videos.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["All","of","this","brings","us","to","the","purpose","of","our","videos","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The most important thing we want to do with this channel is to inspire you and spark your curiosity for science and the amazing universe we live in.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":147,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":27,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","most","important","thing","we","want","to","do","with","this","channel","is","to","inspire","you","and","spark","your","curiosity","for","science","and","the","amazing","universe","we","live","in","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Learning often doesn't feel like fun, but with the right story it is one of the best things, and we hope to provide that to you.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":28,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Learning","often","does","n't","feel","like","fun",",","but","with","the","right","story","it","is","one","of","the","best","things",",","and","we","hope","to","provide","that","to","you","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,19,35,36,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Ultimately, we hope that we light a fire in you that motivates you to read books, pay more attention at school or university, and just get interested in a scientific field or two and learn more on your own.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":205,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":41,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Ultimately",",","we","hope","that","we","light","a","fire","in","you","that","motivates","you","to","read","books",",","pay","more","attention","at","school","or","university",",","and","just","get","interested","in","a","scientific","field","or","two","and","learn","more","on","your","own","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Not because you have to, but because you want to know more about how the world really works.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Not","because","you","have","to",",","but","because","you","want","to","know","more","about","how","the","world","really","works","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Because the universe is beautiful, and science is a way of seeing this beauty more clearly.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Because","the","universe","is","beautiful",",","and","science","is","a","way","of","seeing","this","beauty","more","clearly","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And we hope that knowing that we have to simplify a bit does not make you enjoy our videos less.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","we","hope","that","knowing","that","we","have","to","simplify","a","bit","does","not","make","you","enjoy","our","videos","less","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We are trying to build something with Kurzgesagt, and while we're not 100% sure yet what exactly,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","are","trying","to","build","something","with","Kurzgesagt",",","and","while","we","'re","not","100","%","sure","yet","what","exactly",","],"tags":[1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And of course how big things are, and what happens when we blow stuff up, because it's fun.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","of","course","how","big","things","are",",","and","what","happens","when","we","blow","stuff","up",",","because","it","'s","fun","."],"tags":[0,13,14,13,11,1,21,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We really can't do this without you.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","really","ca","n't","do","this","without","you","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Running a science communication business is a balancing act that we take extremely seriously.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Running","a","science","communication","business","is","a","balancing","act","that","we","take","extremely","seriously","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On the one hand we need to be responsible and look out for the team and be able to grow responsibly.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["On","the","one","hand","we","need","to","be","responsible","and","look","out","for","the","team","and","be","able","to","grow","responsibly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"On the other hand we have to protect the integrity of our videos.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["On","the","other","hand","we","have","to","protect","the","integrity","of","our","videos","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,1,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You are enabling us to stay independent, because while we do things like sponsorships or commercial work, the majority of our income comes directly from you, the birbs.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":167,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":30,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["You","are","enabling","us","to","stay","independent",",","because","while","we","do","things","like","sponsorships","or","commercial","work",",","the","majority","of","our","income","comes","directly","from","you",",","the","birbs","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,33,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Kurzgesagt is fundamentally funded by its community, by you.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Kurzgesagt","is","fundamentally","funded","by","its","community",",","by","you","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Because of you, Kurzgesagt is able to invest as much time in our videos and try to become better.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Because","of","you",",","Kurzgesagt","is","able","to","invest","as","much","time","in","our","videos","and","try","to","become","better","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You get our calendar every year, support us on Patreon and get your personal birds, watch our videos without adblock or with YouTube premium.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["You","get","our","calendar","every","year",",","support","us","on","Patreon","and","get","your","personal","birds",",","watch","our","videos","without","adblock","or","with","YouTube","premium","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Our favourite way to keep the channel running are our sciency products from our shop, that hopefully add additional value to the world.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":133,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Our","favourite","way","to","keep","the","channel","running","are","our","sciency","products","from","our","shop",",","that","hopefully","add","additional","value","to","the","world","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We love bringing little pieces of knowledge into your home or classroom, that inspire you to learn more about the universe in a little more detail.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","love","bringing","little","pieces","of","knowledge","into","your","home","or","classroom",",","that","inspire","you","to","learn","more","about","the","universe","in","a","little","more","detail","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Our latest one teaches you about the night sky and showcases the stars in our night sky and their special significance for humanity.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Our","latest","one","teaches","you","about","the","night","sky","and","showcases","the","stars","in","our","night","sky","and","their","special","significance","for","humanity","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"With every purchase you directly support what we do on this channel.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["With","every","purchase","you","directly","support","what","we","do","on","this","channel","."],"tags":[13,14,14,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Please don't feel obligated to do so though.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Please","do","n't","feel","obligated","to","do","so","though","."],"tags":[0,15,37,21,11,12,12,12,13,0]}
{"text":"Watching and sharing is already helping us out a lot and we are just grateful that so many of you care about what we try to do here.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":27,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Watching","and","sharing","is","already","helping","us","out","a","lot","and","we","are","just","grateful","that","so","many","of","you","care","about","what","we","try","to","do","here","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,27,5,35,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so, so much!","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so",",","so","much","!"],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Every second of your life you are under attack.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Every","second","of","your","life","you","are","under","attack","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Billions of bacteria, viruses and fungi are trying to make you their home.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Billions","of","bacteria",",","viruses","and","fungi","are","trying","to","make","you","their","home","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So our bodies have developed a super complex little army with guards, soldiers, intelligence, weapons factories and communicators to protect you from, well, dying.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":129,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":20,"token_start":5},{"end":162,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":130,"token_end":28,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["So","our","bodies","have","developed","a","super","complex","little","army","with","guards",",","soldiers",",","intelligence",",","weapons","factories","and","communicators","to","protect","you","from",",","well",",","dying","."],"tags":[13,1,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For this video, let's assume the immune system has 12 different jobs.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":68,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["For","this","video",",","let","'s","assume","the","immune","system","has","12","different","jobs","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"For example, kill enemies, communicate, etc.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["For","example",",","kill","enemies",",","communicate",",","etc","."],"tags":[13,14,0,19,5,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And it has 21 different cells and 2 protein forces.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","it","has","21","different","cells","and","2","protein","forces","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"These cells have up to 4 different jobs.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["These","cells","have","up","to","4","different","jobs","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's assign them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","assign","them","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Here are the interactions.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Here","are","the","interactions","."],"tags":[11,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Now, let's make this understandable.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Now",",","let","'s","make","this","understandable","."],"tags":[13,0,19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"First of all, let's add colors to the jobs.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["First","of","all",",","let","'s","add","colors","to","the","jobs","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Now let's illustrate the cells.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Now","let","'s","illustrate","the","cells","."],"tags":[13,19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The central color represents the main job of the cell, while the surrounding ones represent secondary duties.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","central","color","represents","the","main","job","of","the","cell",",","while","the","surrounding","ones","represent","secondary","duties","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Now the immune system looks like this.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Now","the","immune","system","looks","like","this","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Isn't this complexity just awesome?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Is","n't","this","complexity","just","awesome","?"],"tags":[21,37,1,2,11,12,0]}
{"text":"For this video, we will only talk about these cells and ignore the rest.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["For","this","video",",","we","will","only","talk","about","these","cells","and","ignore","the","rest","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So what happens in the case of an infection?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","what","happens","in","the","case","of","an","infection","?"],"tags":[13,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's a beautiful day when suddenly a wild rusty nail appears and you cut yourself.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","beautiful","day","when","suddenly","a","wild","rusty","nail","appears","and","you","cut","yourself","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The first barrier of the immune system is breached, your skin.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","first","barrier","of","the","immune","system","is","breached",",","your","skin","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Nearby bacteria seize on the opportunity and enter your wound.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Nearby","bacteria","seize","on","the","opportunity","and","enter","your","wound","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They start using up the body's resources and double their numbers about every 20 minutes.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","start","using","up","the","body","'s","resources","and","double","their","numbers","about","every","20","minutes","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"At first, they fly under the radar, but when a certain bacteria population is reached, they change their behavior and start to damage the body by changing the environment around them.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":182,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":33,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["At","first",",","they","fly","under","the","radar",",","but","when","a","certain","bacteria","population","is","reached",",","they","change","their","behavior","and","start","to","damage","the","body","by","changing","the","environment","around","them","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The immune system has to stop them as fast as possible.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","immune","system","has","to","stop","them","as","fast","as","possible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,17,18,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"First of all, your guard cells, known as macrophages, intervene.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["First","of","all",",","your","guard","cells",",","known","as","macrophages",",","intervene","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,0]}
{"text":"They are huge cells that guard every border region of the body.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","huge","cells","that","guard","every","border","region","of","the","body","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Most of the time, they alone can suffocate an attack because they can devour up to 100 intruders each.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Most","of","the","time",",","they","alone","can","suffocate","an","attack","because","they","can","devour","up","to","100","intruders","each","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,13,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"Then the enemy gets broken down by enzymes and is killed.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Then","the","enemy","gets","broken","down","by","enzymes","and","is","killed","."],"tags":[13,1,2,15,29,35,13,14,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"On top of that, they cause inflammation by ordering the blood vessels to release water into the battlefield, so fighting becomes easier.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":18,"token_start":8},{"end":135,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":23,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["On","top","of","that",",","they","cause","inflammation","by","ordering","the","blood","vessels","to","release","water","into","the","battlefield",",","so","fighting","becomes","easier","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You notice this as a very mild swelling.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","notice","this","as","a","very","mild","swelling","."],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When the macrophages fight for too long, they call in heavy backup by releasing messenger proteins that communicate location and urgency.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":136,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["When","the","macrophages","fight","for","too","long",",","they","call","in","heavy","backup","by","releasing","messenger","proteins","that","communicate","location","and","urgency","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Neutrophiles leave their patrol routes in the blood and move to the battlefield.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Neutrophiles","leave","their","patrol","routes","in","the","blood","and","move","to","the","battlefield","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The neutrophiles fight so furiously that they kill healthy cells in the process.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","neutrophiles","fight","so","furiously","that","they","kill","healthy","cells","in","the","process","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"On top of that, they generate barriers that trap and kill the bacteria.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","top","of","that",",","they","generate","barriers","that","trap","and","kill","the","bacteria","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They are indeed so deadly that they evolved to commit suicide after 5 days to prevent them from causing too much damage.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":118,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":21,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","are","indeed","so","deadly","that","they","evolved","to","commit","suicide","after","5","days","to","prevent","them","from","causing","too","much","damage","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If this is not enough to stop the invasion, the brain of the immune system kicks in.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":15,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","this","is","not","enough","to","stop","the","invasion",",","the","brain","of","the","immune","system","kicks","in","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,0]}
{"text":"The dendritic cell gets active.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","dendritic","cell","gets","active","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
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{"text":"They rip them into pieces and present the parts on their outer layer.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","rip","them","into","pieces","and","present","the","parts","on","their","outer","layer","."],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Now, the dendritic cell makes a crucial decision.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Now",",","the","dendritic","cell","makes","a","crucial","decision","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Should they call for antivirus forces that eradicate infected body cells or an army of bacteria killers?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Should","they","call","for","antivirus","forces","that","eradicate","infected","body","cells","or","an","army","of","bacteria","killers","?"],"tags":[15,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In this case, antibacteria forces are necessary.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","this","case",",","antibacteria","forces","are","necessary","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It then travels to the closest lymph node in about a day.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","then","travels","to","the","closest","lymph","node","in","about","a","day","."],"tags":[1,13,25,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"The surviving cells are equipped with a specific setup.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","surviving","cells","are","equipped","with","a","specific","setup","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"And the third group goes on to travel to the center of the lymph node to activate a very powerful weapons factory.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":21,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","the","third","group","goes","on","to","travel","to","the","center","of","the","lymph","node","to","activate","a","very","powerful","weapons","factory","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"The B-cell duplicates rapidly and starts producing millions of little weapons.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","B","-","cell","duplicates","rapidly","and","starts","producing","millions","of","little","weapons","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They work so hard that they would literally die from exhaustion very fast.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","work","so","hard","that","they","would","literally","die","from","exhaustion","very","fast","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Here, helper T-cells play another important role.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Here",",","helper","T","-","cells","play","another","important","role","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They stimulate the hard-working factories and tell them, don't die yet, we still need you, keep going.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["They","stimulate","the","hard","-","working","factories","and","tell","them",",","do","n't","die","yet",",","we","still","need","you",",","keep","going","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This also ensures that the factories die if the infection is over so the body doesn't waste energy or hurt itself.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":113,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":21,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","also","ensures","that","the","factories","die","if","the","infection","is","over","so","the","body","does","n't","waste","energy","or","hurt","itself","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But what is produced by the B-cells?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","what","is","produced","by","the","B","-","cells","?"],"tags":[0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You've heard of them, of course.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["You","'ve","heard","of","them",",","of","course","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,0,13,14,0]}
{"text":"There are even different kinds of antibodies that have slightly different jobs.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","even","different","kinds","of","antibodies","that","have","slightly","different","jobs","."],"tags":[3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The helper T-cells tell the plasma cells which type is needed the most in this particular invasion.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":98,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","helper","T","-","cells","tell","the","plasma","cells","which","type","is","needed","the","most","in","this","particular","invasion","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,9,10,10,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"Millions of them flood the blood and saturate the body.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Millions","of","them","flood","the","blood","and","saturate","the","body","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Meanwhile, at the site of infection, the situation is getting dire.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Meanwhile",",","at","the","site","of","infection",",","the","situation","is","getting","dire","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The intruders have multiplied in number and start hurting the body.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","intruders","have","multiplied","in","number","and","start","hurting","the","body","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The guard and attack cells fight hard but also die in the process.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","guard","and","attack","cells","fight","hard","but","also","die","in","the","process","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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{"text":"But without help, they can't overwhelm the bacteria.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","without","help",",","they","ca","n't","overwhelm","the","bacteria","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"But now the second line of defense arrives.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","now","the","second","line","of","defense","arrives","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,2,2,2,25,0]}
{"text":"Billions of antibodies flood the battlefield and disable lots of the intruders, rendering them helpless or killing them in the process.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":133,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Billions","of","antibodies","flood","the","battlefield","and","disable","lots","of","the","intruders",",","rendering","them","helpless","or","killing","them","in","the","process","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They also stun the bacteria and make them an easy target.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","also","stun","the","bacteria","and","make","them","an","easy","target","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Their back is built to connect to killer cells so they can connect and kill the enemy more easily.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Their","back","is","built","to","connect","to","killer","cells","so","they","can","connect","and","kill","the","enemy","more","easily","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Macrophages are especially good at gnoming up the bacteria which antibodies have attached to.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Macrophages","are","especially","good","at","gnoming","up","the","bacteria","which","antibodies","have","attached","to","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Now the balance shifts.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Now","the","balance","shifts","."],"tags":[13,1,2,25,0]}
{"text":"In a team effort, the infection is wiped out.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","a","team","effort",",","the","infection","is","wiped","out","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,35,0]}
{"text":"At this point, millions of body cells have already died.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["At","this","point",",","millions","of","body","cells","have","already","died","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,13,29,0]}
{"text":"No big deal, the losses are quickly replenished.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["No","big","deal",",","the","losses","are","quickly","replenished","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,1,2,15,13,29,0]}
{"text":"Most immune cells are now useless and without the constant signals, they commit suicide.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Most","immune","cells","are","now","useless","and","without","the","constant","signals",",","they","commit","suicide","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,13,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But some stay behind.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","some","stay","behind","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"If this enemy is encountered ever again in the future, they will be ready for it and probably kill it before you even notice.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":66,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":83,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":85,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","this","enemy","is","encountered","ever","again","in","the","future",",","they","will","be","ready","for","it","and","probably","kill","it","before","you","even","notice","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This was a very, very simplified explanation of parts of the immune system at work.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","was","a","very",",","very","simplified","explanation","of","parts","of","the","immune","system","at","work","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Can you imagine how complex this system is?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Can","you","imagine","how","complex","this","system","is","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Life is awfully complicated.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Life","is","awfully","complicated","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"But if we take the time to understand it, we always encounter endless wonders and great beauty.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","if","we","take","the","time","to","understand","it",",","we","always","encounter","endless","wonders","and","great","beauty","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In 2022, nearly half of Americans expected a civil war in the next few years.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","2022",",","nearly","half","of","Americans","expected","a","civil","war","in","the","next","few","years","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"One in five now believes political violence is justified.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["One","in","five","now","believes","political","violence","is","justified","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And it's not just the US, but around the world.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","it","'s","not","just","the","US",",","but","around","the","world","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"People increasingly see themselves as part of opposing teams.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["People","increasingly","see","themselves","as","part","of","opposing","teams","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There are many different reasons for this, but one gets blamed a lot.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":68,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["There","are","many","different","reasons","for","this",",","but","one","gets","blamed","a","lot","."],"tags":[3,19,1,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Social media divides us, makes us more extreme and less empathetic.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Social","media","divides","us",",","makes","us","more","extreme","and","less","empathetic","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It riles us up or sucks us into doom-scrolling, making us stressed and depressed.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":80,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":18,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","riles","us","up","or","sucks","us","into","doom","-","scrolling",",","making","us","stressed","and","depressed","."],"tags":[1,25,5,35,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It feels like we need to touch grass and escape to the real world.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","feels","like","we","need","to","touch","grass","and","escape","to","the","real","world","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"New research shows that we might have largely misinterpreted why this is the case.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["New","research","shows","that","we","might","have","largely","misinterpreted","why","this","is","the","case","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It turns out that the social media internet may uniquely undermine the way our brains work, but not in the way you think.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":120,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":23,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","turns","out","that","the","social","media","internet","may","uniquely","undermine","the","way","our","brains","work",",","but","not","in","the","way","you","think","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You've probably heard about online filter bubbles.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","'ve","probably","heard","about","online","filter","bubbles","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Algorithms give you exactly what you want or what they think you want.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Algorithms","give","you","exactly","what","you","want","or","what","they","think","you","want","."],"tags":[1,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"You only see information that shows you opinions that agree with yours, while dissenting opinions or information are filtered out.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["You","only","see","information","that","shows","you","opinions","that","agree","with","yours",",","while","dissenting","opinions","or","information","are","filtered","out","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Since you only see content close to your world view, more extreme and toxic opinions suddenly seem less extreme.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":97,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":94,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":110,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":19,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Since","you","only","see","content","close","to","your","world","view",",","more","extreme","and","toxic","opinions","suddenly","seem","less","extreme","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,13,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"You're trapped in a radicalizing filter bubble, and your view of the world becomes narrower and more extreme.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["You","'re","trapped","in","a","radicalizing","filter","bubble",",","and","your","view","of","the","world","becomes","narrower","and","more","extreme","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But is that true?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","is","that","true","?"],"tags":[0,21,1,11,0]}
{"text":"Extreme filter bubbles seem to be rather rare.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Extreme","filter","bubbles","seem","to","be","rather","rare","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Studies that investigated what people actually look at online, or are shown by search engines, found little evidence that you're ideologically isolated.","spans":[{"end":93,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":100,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":95,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":151,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Studies","that","investigated","what","people","actually","look","at","online",",","or","are","shown","by","search","engines",",","found","little","evidence","that","you","'re","ideologically","isolated","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's the exact opposite.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","the","exact","opposite","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Online, you are constantly confronted with opinions and world views that are not your own.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Online",",","you","are","constantly","confronted","with","opinions","and","world","views","that","are","not","your","own","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It turns out that the place where you are the most ideologically isolated is your real life, in the real world, with real people.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":128,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","turns","out","that","the","place","where","you","are","the","most","ideologically","isolated","is","your","real","life",",","in","the","real","world",",","with","real","people","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Your real world interactions with your friends, family, colleagues and neighbors are much less diverse than your online bubble.","spans":[{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":83,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":125,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Your","real","world","interactions","with","your","friends",",","family",",","colleagues","and","neighbors","are","much","less","diverse","than","your","online","bubble","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The filter bubble exists in your real life, not online.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","filter","bubble","exists","in","your","real","life",",","not","online","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Online filter bubbles have been the prevailing explanation as why we've all started hating each other more over the last two decades?","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":131,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":22,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Online","filter","bubbles","have","been","the","prevailing","explanation","as","why","we","'ve","all","started","hating","each","other","more","over","the","last","two","decades","?"],"tags":[1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If that's not the case, shouldn't the internet open our minds and make us more empathetic with each other?","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":32,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":64,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","that","'s","not","the","case",",","should","n't","the","internet","open","our","minds","and","make","us","more","empathetic","with","each","other","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,15,37,1,2,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, your brain is stupid.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","your","brain","is","stupid","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Your brain is stupid.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Your","brain","is","stupid","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Human brains didn't evolve to understand the true nature of reality, but to navigate and maintain social structures.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Human","brains","did","n't","evolve","to","understand","the","true","nature","of","reality",",","but","to","navigate","and","maintain","social","structures","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our ancestors desperately needed each other to survive, so our brains had to make sure we cooperated.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Our","ancestors","desperately","needed","each","other","to","survive",",","so","our","brains","had","to","make","sure","we","cooperated","."],"tags":[1,2,13,23,5,6,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"That's why social isolation or exclusion feels so horrible, because it was actually life-threatening.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["That","'s","why","social","isolation","or","exclusion","feels","so","horrible",",","because","it","was","actually","life","-","threatening","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A tribe that worked together survived.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","tribe","that","worked","together","survived","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,0]}
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{"text":"The way communities worked for thousands of years is that, sure, you may have disliked a neighbor, but because you lived close to each other, you also rooted for the same sports club or saw them at church.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":203,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":41,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","way","communities","worked","for","thousands","of","years","is","that",",","sure",",","you","may","have","disliked","a","neighbor",",","but","because","you","lived","close","to","each","other",",","you","also","rooted","for","the","same","sports","club","or","saw","them","at","church","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You both thought that the people from the other village were idiots.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","both","thought","that","the","people","from","the","other","village","were","idiots","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Being physically close made you familiar, and created similarities that bridged the gap of different worldviews, so you didn't murder each other.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":24,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Being","physically","close","made","you","familiar",",","and","created","similarities","that","bridged","the","gap","of","different","worldviews",",","so","you","did","n't","murder","each","other","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,33,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And your worldview was probably not that different in the first place because it was formed by the same local culture.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","your","worldview","was","probably","not","that","different","in","the","first","place","because","it","was","formed","by","the","same","local","culture","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,13,37,11,12,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When our brains evolved, this was enough.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["When","our","brains","evolved",",","this","was","enough","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Whoever was around was similar to us.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Whoever","was","around","was","similar","to","us","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We liked what was similar to us.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","liked","what","was","similar","to","us","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This kept us aligned enough to work together despite our differences.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","kept","us","aligned","enough","to","work","together","despite","our","differences","."],"tags":[1,23,5,33,34,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As humanity moved on from small tribes to towns and cities, from chiefdoms to kingdoms to nations, our brains and our communities had to adapt to more diverse sets of neighbors.","spans":[{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":129,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":23,"token_start":19},{"end":136,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":130,"token_end":25,"token_start":24},{"end":142,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":137,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":176,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":143,"token_end":32,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["As","humanity","moved","on","from","small","tribes","to","towns","and","cities",",","from","chiefdoms","to","kingdoms","to","nations",",","our","brains","and","our","communities","had","to","adapt","to","more","diverse","sets","of","neighbors","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,17,18,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We began to meet on the town square or in universities where we argued and screamed at each other.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","began","to","meet","on","the","town","square","or","in","universities","where","we","argued","and","screamed","at","each","other","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But in the grand scheme of things, communities were still relatively isolated, we were still pretty similar, and aligned with the people around us.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":146,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":26,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","in","the","grand","scheme","of","things",",","communities","were","still","relatively","isolated",",","we","were","still","pretty","similar",",","and","aligned","with","the","people","around","us","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Conflict and disagreement are not a bad thing per se.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Conflict","and","disagreement","are","not","a","bad","thing","per","se","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Tension over how we should live can create new and wonderful things.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Tension","over","how","we","should","live","can","create","new","and","wonderful","things","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our values, norms, and taboos are always evolving, and whatever we think is normal today, will not be normal in the future.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Our","values",",","norms",",","and","taboos","are","always","evolving",",","and","whatever","we","think","is","normal","today",",","will","not","be","normal","in","the","future","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,27,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But we also need social glue to hold our societies together because our brains don't care about the meta-level of humanity, but about being safe in a tribe.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":31,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","we","also","need","social","glue","to","hold","our","societies","together","because","our","brains","do","n't","care","about","the","meta","-","level","of","humanity",",","but","about","being","safe","in","a","tribe","."],"tags":[0,1,13,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Until about 20 years ago, we did something truly new that hit our brains like a freight train.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Until","about","20","years","ago",",","we","did","something","truly","new","that","hit","our","brains","like","a","freight","train","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Don't you dare disagree with me.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Do","n't","you","dare","disagree","with","me","."],"tags":[15,37,1,15,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, our brains are not able to process the amount of disagreement we encounter on the social internet.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":111,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","our","brains","are","not","able","to","process","the","amount","of","disagreement","we","encounter","on","the","social","internet","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The very mechanisms that made it possible for our ancestors to work together in the first place are derailed in ways we were not prepared for.","spans":[{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":96,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":107,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":100,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":25,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["The","very","mechanisms","that","made","it","possible","for","our","ancestors","to","work","together","in","the","first","place","are","derailed","in","ways","we","were","not","prepared","for","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Whether you want it to or not, your brain sorts people by world views and opinions into teams.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Whether","you","want","it","to","or","not",",","your","brain","sorts","people","by","world","views","and","opinions","into","teams","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"This is not simply tribalism, it goes further.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","not","simply","tribalism",",","it","goes","further","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Researchers have called this process social sorting.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Researchers","have","called","this","process","social","sorting","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,33,34,0]}
{"text":"On the digital town square, you encounter people that express opinions and share information that clash with your world view.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":123,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["On","the","digital","town","square",",","you","encounter","people","that","express","opinions","and","share","information","that","clash","with","your","world","view","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But unlike your neighbor, they don't root for your local sports club.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","unlike","your","neighbor",",","they","do","n't","root","for","your","local","sports","club","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You're missing the local social glue your brain needs to align with them.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","'re","missing","the","local","social","glue","your","brain","needs","to","align","with","them","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For your brain, the disagreement between yourself and them becomes a central part of their identity.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["For","your","brain",",","the","disagreement","between","yourself","and","them","becomes","a","central","part","of","their","identity","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And this makes it less likely that you will seriously consider their position or opinion in the future.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":102,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","this","makes","it","less","likely","that","you","will","seriously","consider","their","position","or","opinion","in","the","future","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"If you hear bad things about them, your brain is much more likely to believe it uncritically.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","you","hear","bad","things","about","them",",","your","brain","is","much","more","likely","to","believe","it","uncritically","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On the flip side, there are people who share your world view, and are maybe even more similar to you than many people in your real life.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":134,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":28,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","the","flip","side",",","there","are","people","who","share","your","world","view",",","and","are","maybe","even","more","similar","to","you","than","many","people","in","your","real","life","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"People who think like you are probably good people because you're a good person, and whatever social group you belong to is good.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["People","who","think","like","you","are","probably","good","people","because","you","'re","a","good","person",",","and","whatever","social","group","you","belong","to","is","good","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So your brain is more likely to believe their opinions.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","your","brain","is","more","likely","to","believe","their","opinions","."],"tags":[13,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you hear bad things about them, your brain is much more likely to dismiss it uncritically.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","you","hear","bad","things","about","them",",","your","brain","is","much","more","likely","to","dismiss","it","uncritically","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The engagement-driven social internet makes it worse because it wants to keep you online as long as possible.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","engagement","-","driven","social","internet","makes","it","worse","because","it","wants","to","keep","you","online","as","long","as","possible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,33,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And the most engaging emotion is, unfortunately, anger.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","the","most","engaging","emotion","is",",","unfortunately",",","anger","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,0,13,0,11,0]}
{"text":"The more angry you get, the more likely you are to share and engage.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","more","angry","you","get",",","the","more","likely","you","are","to","share","and","engage","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And this leads to social media amplifying the most extreme and controversial opinions.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","this","leads","to","social","media","amplifying","the","most","extreme","and","controversial","opinions","."],"tags":[0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It optimizes not only to show us disagreement, but the worst disagreement possible.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","optimizes","not","only","to","show","us","disagreement",",","but","the","worst","disagreement","possible","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And because your stupid brain is sorting people into teams, whatever the worst opinions are, it assigns the same opinions to everybody on the other team.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":102,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":96,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":120,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":21,"token_start":19},{"end":151,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":122,"token_end":27,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["And","because","your","stupid","brain","is","sorting","people","into","teams",",","whatever","the","worst","opinions","are",",","it","assigns","the","same","opinions","to","everybody","on","the","other","team","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,7,8,8,9,10,10,10,10,10,0]}
{"text":"What's striking and new about online polarization is that all the aspects of our lives that make us individuals,","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":110,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["What","'s","striking","and","new","about","online","polarization","is","that","all","the","aspects","of","our","lives","that","make","us","individuals",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"our lifestyle choices, the comedians or shows we watch, our religion, sense of fashion, and so on, are condensed,","spans":[{"end":96,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":20,"token_start":0},{"end":101,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":99,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":111,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":103,"token_end":23,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["our","lifestyle","choices",",","the","comedians","or","shows","we","watch",",","our","religion",",","sense","of","fashion",",","and","so","on",",","are","condensed",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,29,0]}
{"text":"This simplifies and distorts disagreements about how we should run society so much that it often seems as if the people on the other team are actively, willfully making the world worse.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":183,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":20,"token_end":32,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","simplifies","and","distorts","disagreements","about","how","we","should","run","society","so","much","that","it","often","seems","as","if","the","people","on","the","other","team","are","actively",",","willfully","making","the","world","worse","."],"tags":[1,25,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"That they're almost evil, beyond convincing with rationality, facts, or civil discussion.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["That","they","'re","almost","evil",",","beyond","convincing","with","rationality",",","facts",",","or","civil","discussion","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While you are, of course, on the correct team, it may be hard to process that you may seem like that to people on the other team.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":128,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":29,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["While","you","are",",","of","course",",","on","the","correct","team",",","it","may","be","hard","to","process","that","you","may","seem","like","that","to","people","on","the","other","team","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"On a societal level, this is dissolving the social glue that's the foundation of our democracies.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["On","a","societal","level",",","this","is","dissolving","the","social","glue","that","'s","the","foundation","of","our","democracies","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If we think our neighbors are evil, how can we live together?","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","we","think","our","neighbors","are","evil",",","how","can","we","live","together","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,19,13,0]}
{"text":"This is especially bad in the US, where the two-party system makes it extra easy to think of people in terms of teams.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":25,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","is","especially","bad","in","the","US",",","where","the","two","-","party","system","makes","it","extra","easy","to","think","of","people","in","terms","of","teams","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Negative opinion about the other party has reached record highs.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Negative","opinion","about","the","other","party","has","reached","record","highs","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Okay, is there something we can learn from this?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Okay",",","is","there","something","we","can","learn","from","this","?"],"tags":[0,0,25,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Is there something we can do?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Is","there","something","we","can","do","?"],"tags":[25,3,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In the end, it's important to be aware of what social media does to your brain.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","it","'s","important","to","be","aware","of","what","social","media","does","to","your","brain","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It's easier to change yourself than to change the world,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","'s","easier","to","change","yourself","than","to","change","the","world",","],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"so you can self-examine why you believe the things you believe, and whether you dismiss or believe information based on who the person is who is stating that information.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":169,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":31,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["so","you","can","self","-","examine","why","you","believe","the","things","you","believe",",","and","whether","you","dismiss","or","believe","information","based","on","who","the","person","is","who","is","stating","that","information","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,20,20,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The internet comes with a lot of upsets, and downs,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","internet","comes","with","a","lot","of","upsets",",","and","downs",","],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"and just like we had to adapt from living in small tribes to living in cities, we need to adapt to the information age where we have access to billions of people.","spans":[{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":15,"token_start":1},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":82,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":161,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":32,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["and","just","like","we","had","to","adapt","from","living","in","small","tribes","to","living","in","cities",",","we","need","to","adapt","to","the","information","age","where","we","have","access","to","billions","of","people","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Evolution is too slow, so we need to find models that work with what our brains are able to tolerate.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Evolution","is","too","slow",",","so","we","need","to","find","models","that","work","with","what","our","brains","are","able","to","tolerate","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"One model that seemed to work well was the pre-social media internet old people might remember.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":93,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["One","model","that","seemed","to","work","well","was","the","pre","-","social","media","internet","old","people","might","remember","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The main difference to today was twofold.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","main","difference","to","today","was","twofold","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"For one, there were no algorithms fighting to keep you online at any time.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["For","one",",","there","were","no","algorithms","fighting","to","keep","you","online","at","any","time","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,23,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"At some point, you were done with the internet for the day, as mind-blowing as this may sound.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["At","some","point",",","you","were","done","with","the","internet","for","the","day",",","as","mind","-","blowing","as","this","may","sound","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But more importantly, the old internet was very fractured, split into thousands of different communities, like small villages gathering around shared beliefs and interests.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":170,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":26,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","more","importantly",",","the","old","internet","was","very","fractured",",","split","into","thousands","of","different","communities",",","like","small","villages","gathering","around","shared","beliefs","and","interests","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These villages were separated from each other by digital rivers or mountains.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["These","villages","were","separated","from","each","other","by","digital","rivers","or","mountains","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These communities worked because they mirrored real life much more than social media.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["These","communities","worked","because","they","mirrored","real","life","much","more","than","social","media","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Each village had its own culture and set of rules.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Each","village","had","its","own","culture","and","set","of","rules","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Maybe one community was into rough humor and soft moderation, another had strict rules and banned easily.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Maybe","one","community","was","into","rough","humor","and","soft","moderation",",","another","had","strict","rules","and","banned","easily","."],"tags":[13,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"If you didn't play by the village rules, you'd be banned.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","did","n't","play","by","the","village","rules",",","you","'d","be","banned","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"Or you could just go and move to another village that suited you better.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Or","you","could","just","go","and","move","to","another","village","that","suited","you","better","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So instead of all of us gathering in one place, overwhelming our brains at a town square that in the end just leads us to going insane, one solution to achieve less social sorting may be extremely simple.","spans":[{"end":134,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":27,"token_start":1},{"end":179,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":136,"token_end":35,"token_start":29},{"end":183,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":180,"token_end":36,"token_start":36},{"end":186,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":184,"token_end":37,"token_start":37},{"end":203,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":187,"token_end":39,"token_start":38}],"tokens":["So","instead","of","all","of","us","gathering","in","one","place",",","overwhelming","our","brains","at","a","town","square","that","in","the","end","just","leads","us","to","going","insane",",","one","solution","to","achieve","less","social","sorting","may","be","extremely","simple","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Go back to smaller online communities.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Go","back","to","smaller","online","communities","."],"tags":[19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Because what our stupid brains don't realize, is that we are actually all on the same team.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Because","what","our","stupid","brains","do","n't","realize",",","is","that","we","are","actually","all","on","the","same","team","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We are all in this together.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","are","all","in","this","together","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But until our brains adjust to being able to deal with that, we might be better off being a tiny bit separated.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":71,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":109,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","until","our","brains","adjust","to","being","able","to","deal","with","that",",","we","might","be","better","off","being","a","tiny","bit","separated","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"One of the worst things about the media we consume is that most news organizations tend to cater to one team, making you feel you're on the correct side.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":151,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":30,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["One","of","the","worst","things","about","the","media","we","consume","is","that","most","news","organizations","tend","to","cater","to","one","team",",","making","you","feel","you","'re","on","the","correct","side","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Ground News, the sponsor of this video, is trying to make these biases more transparent by giving you tools that help you think critically about the information you consume, a mission we wholeheartedly support.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":16,"token_start":11},{"end":209,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":36,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Ground","News",",","the","sponsor","of","this","video",",","is","trying","to","make","these","biases","more","transparent","by","giving","you","tools","that","help","you","think","critically","about","the","information","you","consume",",","a","mission","we","wholeheartedly","support","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Ground News gathers related articles from around the world in one place, so you can compare how different outlets and sites cover them.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Ground","News","gathers","related","articles","from","around","the","world","in","one","place",",","so","you","can","compare","how","different","outlets","and","sites","cover","them","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They provide context about the source of the information, if they have a political bias, how reliable their reporting is, and who owns them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":138,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":26,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","provide","context","about","the","source","of","the","information",",","if","they","have","a","political","bias",",","how","reliable","their","reporting","is",",","and","who","owns","them","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This makes the news less stressful and makes you understand the world much better.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","makes","the","news","less","stressful","and","makes","you","understand","the","world","much","better","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,33,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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{"text":"If you sign up through this link, you'll get 30% off their unlimited access plan.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","you","sign","up","through","this","link",",","you","'ll","get","30","%","off","their","unlimited","access","plan","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A subscription supports Kurzgesagt and Ground News, so they can continue to build more media literacy tools.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","subscription","supports","Kurzgesagt","and","Ground","News",",","so","they","can","continue","to","build","more","media","literacy","tools","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our favorite tool has a personal background.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Our","favorite","tool","has","a","personal","background","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In 2018, Kurzgesagt founder Philip, who wrote this video, was going through chemotherapy and was intensely bored,","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":92,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":112,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":93,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["In","2018",",","Kurzgesagt","founder","Philip",",","who","wrote","this","video",",","was","going","through","chemotherapy","and","was","intensely","bored",","],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,27,13,14,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"so he ended up reading all the big German newspapers, even the ones he hated, front to back, every single day.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["so","he","ended","up","reading","all","the","big","German","newspapers",",","even","the","ones","he","hated",",","front","to","back",",","every","single","day","."],"tags":[0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Aside from the obvious biases, what was the most shocking were the stories each side did not talk about.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":102,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Aside","from","the","obvious","biases",",","what","was","the","most","shocking","were","the","stories","each","side","did","not","talk","about","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Both sides ignored things that are inconvenient to their world views.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Both","sides","ignored","things","that","are","inconvenient","to","their","world","views","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The Ground News Blind Spot feed highlights this exact thing, showing you news stories that are heavily covered by one side of the political spectrum and ignored by the other.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":172,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":30,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","Ground","News","Blind","Spot","feed","highlights","this","exact","thing",",","showing","you","news","stories","that","are","heavily","covered","by","one","side","of","the","political","spectrum","and","ignored","by","the","other","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So check them out at ground.news.nutshell to make sure you're seeing the full picture.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","check","them","out","at","ground.news.nutshell","to","make","sure","you","'re","seeing","the","full","picture","."],"tags":[13,19,5,35,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The largest things in the universe are black holes.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","largest","things","in","the","universe","are","black","holes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"In contrast to things like planets or stars, they have no physical size limit and can literally grow endlessly.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":80,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":82,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["In","contrast","to","things","like","planets","or","stars",",","they","have","no","physical","size","limit","and","can","literally","grow","endlessly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Although in reality, specific things need to happen to create different kinds of black holes, from really tiny ones to the largest single things in the universe.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":160,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":28,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Although","in","reality",",","specific","things","need","to","happen","to","create","different","kinds","of","black","holes",",","from","really","tiny","ones","to","the","largest","single","things","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So how do black holes grow?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","how","do","black","holes","grow","?"],"tags":[13,13,15,1,2,19,0]}
{"text":"And how large is the largest of them all?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","how","large","is","the","largest","of","them","all","?"],"tags":[0,11,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This video will not discuss how black holes work or how they form, since we've looked at that in detail in our Black Hole and Neutron Star series.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":29,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["This","video","will","not","discuss","how","black","holes","work","or","how","they","form",",","since","we","'ve","looked","at","that","in","detail","in","our","Black","Hole","and","Neutron","Star","series","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You can check them out afterwards.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["You","can","check","them","out","afterwards","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,35,13,0]}
{"text":"For now, we're interested in finding the largest thing in the universe.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["For","now",",","we","'re","interested","in","finding","the","largest","thing","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's start really, really small.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","start","really",",","really","small","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"If they do, they're probably the oldest objects in the universe, older even than atoms.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["If","they","do",",","they","'re","probably","the","oldest","objects","in","the","universe",",","older","even","than","atoms","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They would have formed just after the Big Bang,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","would","have","formed","just","after","the","Big","Bang",","],"tags":[1,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"when the universe was so dense with violent energy that any tiny pocket that was just slightly more dense than its neighbors could produce a black hole.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":151,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":26,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["when","the","universe","was","so","dense","with","violent","energy","that","any","tiny","pocket","that","was","just","slightly","more","dense","than","its","neighbors","could","produce","a","black","hole","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The smallest primordial black hole that could still be around would be a trillion kilograms or so, the mass of a big mountain.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":124,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","smallest","primordial","black","hole","that","could","still","be","around","would","be","a","trillion","kilograms","or","so",",","the","mass","of","a","big","mountain","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And yet, they would be no bigger than a proton.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","they","would","be","no","bigger","than","a","proton","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A primordial black hole with the mass of Earth would barely be larger than a coin.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["A","primordial","black","hole","with","the","mass","of","Earth","would","barely","be","larger","than","a","coin","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,21,11,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This makes them very hard to find, so we haven't actually observed any yet.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","makes","them","very","hard","to","find",",","so","we","have","n't","actually","observed","any","yet","."],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If they exist, they may even be the mysterious dark matter that holds galaxies together.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","they","exist",",","they","may","even","be","the","mysterious","dark","matter","that","holds","galaxies","together","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's move on to the kinds of black holes that we know for sure are out there.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":77,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","move","on","to","the","kinds","of","black","holes","that","we","know","for","sure","are","out","there","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"To make a black hole, we need to compress enough matter so that it collapses into itself.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["To","make","a","black","hole",",","we","need","to","compress","enough","matter","so","that","it","collapses","into","itself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After that, the more mass we throw at it, the larger it becomes.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["After","that",",","the","more","mass","we","throw","at","it",",","the","larger","it","becomes","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,1,21,0]}
{"text":"In today's universe, only the most violent cosmic events can create the necessary conditions,","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","today","'s","universe",",","only","the","most","violent","cosmic","events","can","create","the","necessary","conditions",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To have a unit to work with here, we'll use the mass of our Sun, about 2 million trillion trillion kilograms.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["To","have","a","unit","to","work","with","here",",","we","'ll","use","the","mass","of","our","Sun",",","about","2","million","trillion","trillion","kilograms","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The smallest known black hole has 2.7 times the mass of the Sun, which works out as a sphere around 16 kilometers in diameter, large enough to cover Paris.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":153,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":30,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","smallest","known","black","hole","has","2.7","times","the","mass","of","the","Sun",",","which","works","out","as","a","sphere","around","16","kilometers","in","diameter",",","large","enough","to","cover","Paris","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Another lightweight black hole is the companion to the V723 Mon red giant star.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Another","lightweight","black","hole","is","the","companion","to","the","V723","Mon","red","giant","star","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This star is 24 times larger than our Sun, 30 million kilometers in diameter.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","star","is","24","times","larger","than","our","Sun",",","30","million","kilometers","in","diameter","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And yet, it's thrown around by a tiny black hole just 17.2 kilometers wide.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","it","'s","thrown","around","by","a","tiny","black","hole","just","17.2","kilometers","wide","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,15,29,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This tiny thing bullying the star is so much smaller that we can barely even show them in comparison.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","tiny","thing","bullying","the","star","is","so","much","smaller","that","we","can","barely","even","show","them","in","comparison","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"One of the largest known stellar black holes is M33X7.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["One","of","the","largest","known","stellar","black","holes","is","M33X7","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It currently spends its time eating a 70 solar mass blue giant bit by bit.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","currently","spends","its","time","eating","a","70","solar","mass","blue","giant","bit","by","bit","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"As all that stolen matter circles towards the black hole, like water going down a drain,","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","all","that","stolen","matter","circles","towards","the","black","hole",",","like","water","going","down","a","drain",","],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"friction heats it up to temperatures high enough to shine 500,000 times brighter than our Sun.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["friction","heats","it","up","to","temperatures","high","enough","to","shine","500,000","times","brighter","than","our","Sun","."],"tags":[1,25,5,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And yet, X7 is only 15.65 solar masses and 92 kilometers wide, just big enough to cast a shadow on Corsica.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":22,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","X7","is","only","15.65","solar","masses","and","92","kilometers","wide",",","just","big","enough","to","cast","a","shadow","on","Corsica","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"To grow much larger, black holes have to either devour a lot of stars, or better, merge with one another.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["To","grow","much","larger",",","black","holes","have","to","either","devour","a","lot","of","stars",",","or","better",",","merge","with","one","another","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,17,18,0,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The instruments that make it possible to detect these mergers are very new, so we're currently discovering a lot of exciting things.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","instruments","that","make","it","possible","to","detect","these","mergers","are","very","new",",","so","we","'re","currently","discovering","a","lot","of","exciting","things","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As they spun around each other violently, they released more energy in the form of gravitational waves than the combined light from all the stars in the Milky Way in 4,400 years.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":17,"token_start":10},{"end":177,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":103,"token_end":32,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["As","they","spun","around","each","other","violently",",","they","released","more","energy","in","the","form","of","gravitational","waves","than","the","combined","light","from","all","the","stars","in","the","Milky","Way","in","4,400","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The new black hole they formed is about the size of Germany and is 142 solar masses.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","new","black","hole","they","formed","is","about","the","size","of","Germany","and","is","142","solar","masses","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And here, we hit a curious gap in scale.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","here",",","we","hit","a","curious","gap","in","scale","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There are lots of black holes up to 150 solar masses, and then, there's nothing for a long time.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["There","are","lots","of","black","holes","up","to","150","solar","masses",",","and","then",",","there","'s","nothing","for","a","long","time","."],"tags":[3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Until we suddenly hit black holes that are millions of times more massive.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Until","we","suddenly","hit","black","holes","that","are","millions","of","times","more","massive","."],"tags":[0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But for the most massive black holes, this process is not fast enough to explain their existence today.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","for","the","most","massive","black","holes",",","this","process","is","not","fast","enough","to","explain","their","existence","today","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The universe is simply not old enough for these supermassive black holes to have formed by eating stars and merging with each other.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":130,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":22,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","universe","is","simply","not","old","enough","for","these","supermassive","black","holes","to","have","formed","by","eating","stars","and","merging","with","each","other","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Something else must have happened.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Something","else","must","have","happened","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"To explain how we got the largest black holes in the universe, we might need the largest stars that ever existed.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":72,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":21,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["To","explain","how","we","got","the","largest","black","holes","in","the","universe",",","we","might","need","the","largest","stars","that","ever","existed","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To get a sense of scale, we can compare them to the largest stars that exist today.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","get","a","sense","of","scale",",","we","can","compare","them","to","the","largest","stars","that","exist","today","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our Sun is like a grain of sand next to them.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Our","Sun","is","like","a","grain","of","sand","next","to","them","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We don't know if quasi-stars actually existed, but they're an interesting concept when it comes to supercharging black hole development.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":135,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":24,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","if","quasi","-","stars","actually","existed",",","but","they","'re","an","interesting","concept","when","it","comes","to","supercharging","black","hole","development","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The idea is that the matter in the early universe was so dense that quasi-stars could grow to thousands of times the mass of our Sun.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":131,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":27,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","idea","is","that","the","matter","in","the","early","universe","was","so","dense","that","quasi","-","stars","could","grow","to","thousands","of","times","the","mass","of","our","Sun","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The cores of these stars might have been crushed by their own weight so much to actually collapse into black holes while the star was still forming.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":146,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":26,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","cores","of","these","stars","might","have","been","crushed","by","their","own","weight","so","much","to","actually","collapse","into","black","holes","while","the","star","was","still","forming","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In contrast to stars today that would destroy themselves in the process, inside quasi-stars, a deadly balance could emerge.","spans":[{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":109,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":20,"token_start":18},{"end":115,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":110,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":122,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":116,"token_end":22,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["In","contrast","to","stars","today","that","would","destroy","themselves","in","the","process",",","inside","quasi","-","stars",",","a","deadly","balance","could","emerge","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"Gravity pressed the supermassive star together, feeding the black hole and heating the material falling in to such a degree that the radiation pressure kept the star stable.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":171,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":28,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Gravity","pressed","the","supermassive","star","together",",","feeding","the","black","hole","and","heating","the","material","falling","in","to","such","a","degree","that","the","radiation","pressure","kept","the","star","stable","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And so these quickly growing black holes might have been able to consume the quasi-star for millions of years and grow far bigger than any modern stellar black hole.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":164,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":30,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","so","these","quickly","growing","black","holes","might","have","been","able","to","consume","the","quasi","-","star","for","millions","of","years","and","grow","far","bigger","than","any","modern","stellar","black","hole","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"These black holes might have become the seeds for supermassive black holes.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["These","black","holes","might","have","become","the","seeds","for","supermassive","black","holes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So now we arrive at the kings of our universe, the largest single bodies in existence.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","now","we","arrive","at","the","kings","of","our","universe",",","the","largest","single","bodies","in","existence","."],"tags":[0,13,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The centers of most galaxies contain a supermassive black hole and they are monstrous.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":66,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","centers","of","most","galaxies","contain","a","supermassive","black","hole","and","they","are","monstrous","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In the Milky Way we have Sagittarius A star, a supermassive black hole with about 4 million solar masses that is calm and collected and just does its thing.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":154,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":29,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","the","Milky","Way","we","have","Sagittarius","A","star",",","a","supermassive","black","hole","with","about","4","million","solar","masses","that","is","calm","and","collected","and","just","does","its","thing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We know it sits there because we can see a number of stars being thrown around by a seemingly empty spot.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","know","it","sits","there","because","we","can","see","a","number","of","stars","being","thrown","around","by","a","seemingly","empty","spot","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And despite its incredible mass, its radius is still only 17 times our Sun.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","despite","its","incredible","mass",",","its","radius","is","still","only","17","times","our","Sun","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Because supermassive black holes are so massive and located at the center of galaxies, many people imagine them as being a bit like the Sun in the solar system.","spans":[{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":97,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":105,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":99,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":158,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":29,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Because","supermassive","black","holes","are","so","massive","and","located","at","the","center","of","galaxies",",","many","people","imagine","them","as","being","a","bit","like","the","Sun","in","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Instead, it's the gravitational effect of dark matter which holds them together.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Instead",",","it","'s","the","gravitational","effect","of","dark","matter","which","holds","them","together","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Many supermassive black holes aren't gentle giants, especially when they're feeding on the clouds of mass in their galaxy.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Many","supermassive","black","holes","are","n't","gentle","giants",",","especially","when","they","'re","feeding","on","the","clouds","of","mass","in","their","galaxy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The one at the center of the BL Lacerty galaxy is devouring so much material that it produces jets of plasma accelerated to nearly the speed of light.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":149,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":27,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","one","at","the","center","of","the","BL","Lacerty","galaxy","is","devouring","so","much","material","that","it","produces","jets","of","plasma","accelerated","to","nearly","the","speed","of","light","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If Earth were orbiting this huge body, it would seem 115 times larger than our Sun in the sky and we'd be burnt to a crisp in seconds by its glowing hot accretion disk.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":19,"token_start":14},{"end":97,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":94,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":167,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":98,"token_end":35,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","Earth","were","orbiting","this","huge","body",",","it","would","seem","115","times","larger","than","our","Sun","in","the","sky","and","we","'d","be","burnt","to","a","crisp","in","seconds","by","its","glowing","hot","accretion","disk","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"At this point, black holes become so large that stars seem ridiculously tiny compared to them.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["At","this","point",",","black","holes","become","so","large","that","stars","seem","ridiculously","tiny","compared","to","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The galaxy Cygnus A has a supermassive black hole with 2.5 billion solar masses and 14.7 billion kilometers wide,","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","galaxy","Cygnus","A","has","a","supermassive","black","hole","with","2.5","billion","solar","masses","and","14.7","billion","kilometers","wide",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"which would mean that if it took the place of our Sun, it would swallow all the planets and stretch halfway to the edge of our solar system.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":18,"token_start":16},{"end":139,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":88,"token_end":28,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["which","would","mean","that","if","it","took","the","place","of","our","Sun",",","it","would","swallow","all","the","planets","and","stretch","halfway","to","the","edge","of","our","solar","system","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The billions of stars in galaxies are not gravitationally bound to them.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","billions","of","stars","in","galaxies","are","not","gravitationally","bound","to","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,13,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But this is a misconception.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","this","is","a","misconception","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"While the Sun makes up 99.86% of all the mass in the solar system, supermassive black holes usually only have 0.001% of the mass of their galaxy.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":90,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":18,"token_start":16},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":108,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":105,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":143,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":29,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["While","the","Sun","makes","up","99.86","%","of","all","the","mass","in","the","solar","system",",","supermassive","black","holes","usually","only","have","0.001","%","of","the","mass","of","their","galaxy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,13,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's devouring so much mass and material that it churns its disk into a kind of magnetic funnel,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","'s","devouring","so","much","mass","and","material","that","it","churns","its","disk","into","a","kind","of","magnetic","funnel",","],"tags":[1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"That's two and a half Milky Ways wide.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","two","and","a","half","Milky","Ways","wide","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Another pretty large supermassive black hole sits in the galaxy Messier 87.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":45,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Another","pretty","large","supermassive","black","hole","sits","in","the","galaxy","Messier","87","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It has 6.5 billion solar masses and was the first black hole we got an actual photo of, or rather, of the glowing gas around the edge of a menacing shadow.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":153,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":32,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","has","6.5","billion","solar","masses","and","was","the","first","black","hole","we","got","an","actual","photo","of",",","or","rather",",","of","the","glowing","gas","around","the","edge","of","a","menacing","shadow","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This sphere of darkness is so large that it covers our entire solar system.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","sphere","of","darkness","is","so","large","that","it","covers","our","entire","solar","system","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And yet, there is a scale even above these kinds of objects.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","there","is","a","scale","even","above","these","kinds","of","objects","."],"tags":[0,13,0,3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Now, we reach the most massive black holes, perhaps the largest single bodies that will ever exist.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Now",",","we","reach","the","most","massive","black","holes",",","perhaps","the","largest","single","bodies","that","will","ever","exist","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"These black holes have eaten so much that they've grown to tens of billions of solar masses,","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["These","black","holes","have","eaten","so","much","that","they","'ve","grown","to","tens","of","billions","of","solar","masses",","],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The ultramassive black hole at the center of galaxy OJ 287 is 18 billion solar masses.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","ultramassive","black","hole","at","the","center","of","galaxy","OJ","287","is","18","billion","solar","masses","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's so big that it has a supermassive black hole nearly 40 times larger than Sagittarius A star orbiting it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","so","big","that","it","has","a","supermassive","black","hole","nearly","40","times","larger","than","Sagittarius","A","star","orbiting","it","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This thing defies imagination and is really hard to compare to anything.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","thing","defies","imagination","and","is","really","hard","to","compare","to","anything","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It can comfortably fit three solar systems side by side inside of it.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","can","comfortably","fit","three","solar","systems","side","by","side","inside","of","it","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's end this insane competition and get to the king of kings.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","end","this","insane","competition","and","get","to","the","king","of","kings","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"TON 618, a black hole that we can observe consuming galaxies worth of matter, is shining with the brightness of a hundred trillion stars, visible from 18 billion light years away.","spans":[{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":136,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":25,"token_start":18},{"end":178,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":138,"token_end":33,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["TON","618",",","a","black","hole","that","we","can","observe","consuming","galaxies","worth","of","matter",",","is","shining","with","the","brightness","of","a","hundred","trillion","stars",",","visible","from","18","billion","light","years","away","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It has an incredible 66 billion solar masses, a black hole so large that it would take light a week to reach the singularity after crossing the event horizon.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":156,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":29,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","has","an","incredible","66","billion","solar","masses",",","a","black","hole","so","large","that","it","would","take","light","a","week","to","reach","the","singularity","after","crossing","the","event","horizon","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"About 11 solar systems could sit inside of it side by side.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["About","11","solar","systems","could","sit","inside","of","it","side","by","side","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It may very well be the largest single body in the universe, but in reality it's probably even larger.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["It","may","very","well","be","the","largest","single","body","in","the","universe",",","but","in","reality","it","'s","probably","even","larger","."],"tags":[1,15,13,14,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Since TON 618 is so far away, we only see what it looked like 10 billion years ago.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Since","TON","618","is","so","far","away",",","we","only","see","what","it","looked","like","10","billion","years","ago","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In any case, black holes are scary and mysterious and gigantic.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","any","case",",","black","holes","are","scary","and","mysterious","and","gigantic","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They'll be here after everything else dies and growing larger and larger.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","'ll","be","here","after","everything","else","dies","and","growing","larger","and","larger","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Okay, now let's do the trip again.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Okay",",","now","let","'s","do","the","trip","again","."],"tags":[0,0,13,19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Let's try something new today.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","try","something","new","today","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"We can call it Behind the Lies, a short behind the scenes bit about the necessary inaccuracies in this video.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","can","call","it","Behind","the","Lies",",","a","short","behind","the","scenes","bit","about","the","necessary","inaccuracies","in","this","video","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,33,34,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Because it's not really actually possible to rank black holes like trading cards.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Because","it","'s","not","really","actually","possible","to","rank","black","holes","like","trading","cards","."],"tags":[0,3,21,37,13,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Well, while we've cataloged millions of stars, we really only have good data on a couple of dozen black holes.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Well",",","while","we","'ve","cataloged","millions","of","stars",",","we","really","only","have","good","data","on","a","couple","of","dozen","black","holes","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That's because black hole gazing wasn't really a thing until 50 years ago, and technically still isn't because we can't see black holes.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":135,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":27,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","because","black","hole","gazing","was","n't","really","a","thing","until","50","years","ago",",","and","technically","still","is","n't","because","we","ca","n't","see","black","holes","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We can only derive their properties from studying their gravitational effects on the matter around them, like the orbit of stars that come close to them.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":151,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":26,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","can","only","derive","their","properties","from","studying","their","gravitational","effects","on","the","matter","around","them",",","like","the","orbit","of","stars","that","come","close","to","them","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This effect depends on the mass of the black hole, which we can approximate at the most basic level with Kepler's laws.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":23,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","effect","depends","on","the","mass","of","the","black","hole",",","which","we","can","approximate","at","the","most","basic","level","with","Kepler","'s","laws","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But this comes with huge uncertainties and error bars.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","this","comes","with","huge","uncertainties","and","error","bars","."],"tags":[0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Then we have to convert mass to size next, which brings new uncertainties.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Then","we","have","to","convert","mass","to","size","next",",","which","brings","new","uncertainties","."],"tags":[13,1,17,18,19,5,13,14,13,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"For example, we calculated the radius from the mass using the Schwarzschild equation, which for the sake of simplicity assumes black holes are perfectly round and don't spin.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":172,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":30,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["For","example",",","we","calculated","the","radius","from","the","mass","using","the","Schwarzschild","equation",",","which","for","the","sake","of","simplicity","assumes","black","holes","are","perfectly","round","and","do","n't","spin","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The reality is that physics on these scales is a bit fuzzy.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","reality","is","that","physics","on","these","scales","is","a","bit","fuzzy","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So some of the black holes we talked about here may be way smaller or way bigger.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","some","of","the","black","holes","we","talked","about","here","may","be","way","smaller","or","way","bigger","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We just don't know for sure.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","just","do","n't","know","for","sure","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"We shimmied around this problem by comparing different sources with different kinds of values and using different mass calculations to arrive at a standardized list","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":163,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":24,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","shimmied","around","this","problem","by","comparing","different","sources","with","different","kinds","of","values","and","using","different","mass","calculations","to","arrive","at","a","standardized","list"],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14]}
{"text":"that allowed us to be as accurate as humanly possible.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["that","allowed","us","to","be","as","accurate","as","humanly","possible","."],"tags":[1,23,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"You can look at all of this in our source doc.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["You","can","look","at","all","of","this","in","our","source","doc","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As a result, this script was written with the tears of experts we drove crazy with our obsession for the best values they could live with.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["As","a","result",",","this","script","was","written","with","the","tears","of","experts","we","drove","crazy","with","our","obsession","for","the","best","values","they","could","live","with","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In this process, tons of stuff got cut and didn't make it into the final video.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","this","process",",","tons","of","stuff","got","cut","and","did","n't","make","it","into","the","final","video","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But luckily, we found a way to not waste all of it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","luckily",",","we","found","a","way","to","not","waste","all","of","it","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We've created a lot of black hole merch, spanning the whole range from somewhat bonkers to more serious.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'ve","created","a","lot","of","black","hole","merch",",","spanning","the","whole","range","from","somewhat","bonkers","to","more","serious","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This way, we get to explore a topic from different angles.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","way",",","we","get","to","explore","a","topic","from","different","angles","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,17,18,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And you get to continue having fun with black holes after this video ends.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","you","get","to","continue","having","fun","with","black","holes","after","this","video","ends","."],"tags":[0,1,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What is the largest star in the universe?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","is","the","largest","star","in","the","universe","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And why is it that large?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","why","is","it","that","large","?"],"tags":[0,13,21,1,11,12,0]}
{"text":"And what are stars anyway?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","what","are","stars","anyway","?"],"tags":[0,11,21,1,13,0]}
{"text":"We begin our journey with Earth, not to learn anything, just to get a vague sense of scale.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","begin","our","journey","with","Earth",",","not","to","learn","anything",",","just","to","get","a","vague","sense","of","scale","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The smallest things that have some star-like properties are large gas giants or sub-brown dwarfs.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","smallest","things","that","have","some","star","-","like","properties","are","large","gas","giants","or","sub","-","brown","dwarfs","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The transition towards stars begins with brown dwarfs, failed stars that are a huge disappointment to their mums.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","transition","towards","stars","begins","with","brown","dwarfs",",","failed","stars","that","are","a","huge","disappointment","to","their","mums","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They have between 13 and 90 times the mass of Jupiter.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","have","between","13","and","90","times","the","mass","of","Jupiter","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So even if we took 90 Jupiters and threw them at each other, although fun to watch, it wouldn't be enough to create a star.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":17,"token_start":14},{"end":85,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":91,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":87,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":94,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":92,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":97,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":96,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":121,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":27,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["So","even","if","we","took","90","Jupiters","and","threw","them","at","each","other",",","although","fun","to","watch",",","it","would","n't","be","enough","to","create","a","star","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Interestingly, adding lots of mass to a brown dwarf doesn't make it much bigger, just its insides denser.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Interestingly",",","adding","lots","of","mass","to","a","brown","dwarf","does","n't","make","it","much","bigger",",","just","its","insides","denser","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,33,34,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This increases the pressure in the core enough to make certain nuclear fusion reactions happen slowly and the object glow a little.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","increases","the","pressure","in","the","core","enough","to","make","certain","nuclear","fusion","reactions","happen","slowly","and","the","object","glow","a","little","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So brown dwarfs are a sort of glowy gas giant that don't fit into any category very well.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","brown","dwarfs","are","a","sort","of","glowy","gas","giant","that","do","n't","fit","into","any","category","very","well","."],"tags":[13,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But we want to talk about stars, not failed wannabe stars, so let's move on.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","we","want","to","talk","about","stars",",","not","failed","wannabe","stars",",","so","let","'s","move","on","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Once large gas balls pass a certain mass threshold, their cores become hot and dense enough to ignite.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Once","large","gas","balls","pass","a","certain","mass","threshold",",","their","cores","become","hot","and","dense","enough","to","ignite","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Hydrogen is fused to helium in their cores, releasing tremendous amounts of energy.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Hydrogen","is","fused","to","helium","in","their","cores",",","releasing","tremendous","amounts","of","energy","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Stars that do that are called main sequence stars.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Stars","that","do","that","are","called","main","sequence","stars","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The more massive a main sequence star is, the hotter and brighter it burns and the shorter its life is.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","more","massive","a","main","sequence","star","is",",","the","hotter","and","brighter","it","burns","and","the","shorter","its","life","is","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,1,25,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Once the hydrogen burning phase is over, stars grow, up to hundreds of thousands of times their original size.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Once","the","hydrogen","burning","phase","is","over",",","stars","grow",",","up","to","hundreds","of","thousands","of","times","their","original","size","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But these giant phases only last for a fraction of their lifespan.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","these","giant","phases","only","last","for","a","fraction","of","their","lifespan","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So we'll be comparing stars at drastically different stages in their lives.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","we","'ll","be","comparing","stars","at","drastically","different","stages","in","their","lives","."],"tags":[13,1,15,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This doesn't make them less impressive, but maybe it's good to keep in mind that we'll be comparing babies to adults.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","does","n't","make","them","less","impressive",",","but","maybe","it","'s","good","to","keep","in","mind","that","we","'ll","be","comparing","babies","to","adults","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,33,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The smallest real stars are red dwarfs, about 100 times the mass of Jupiter, barely massive enough to fuse hydrogen to helium.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":124,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":23,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","smallest","real","stars","are","red","dwarfs",",","about","100","times","the","mass","of","Jupiter",",","barely","massive","enough","to","fuse","hydrogen","to","helium","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Because they are not very massive, they are small, not very hot, and shine pretty dimly.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Because","they","are","not","very","massive",",","they","are","small",",","not","very","hot",",","and","shine","pretty","dimly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They are the only stars in the main sequence that don't grow once they die, but sort of fizzle out.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","the","only","stars","in","the","main","sequence","that","do","n't","grow","once","they","die",",","but","sort","of","fizzle","out","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Red dwarfs are by far the most abundant type in the universe.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Red","dwarfs","are","by","far","the","most","abundant","type","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,14,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Because they burn their fuel very slowly, it lasts them up to 10 trillion years, a thousand times the current age of the universe.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":25,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Because","they","burn","their","fuel","very","slowly",",","it","lasts","them","up","to","10","trillion","years",",","a","thousand","times","the","current","age","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For example, one of the closest stars to Earth is a red dwarf star, Barnard's star, but it shines too dimly to be seen without a telescope.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":18,"token_start":11},{"end":87,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":138,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":88,"token_end":30,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["For","example",",","one","of","the","closest","stars","to","Earth","is","a","red","dwarf","star",",","Barnard","'s","star",",","but","it","shines","too","dimly","to","be","seen","without","a","telescope","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We made a whole video on red dwarfs if you want to learn more.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","made","a","whole","video","on","red","dwarfs","if","you","want","to","learn","more","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The next stage are stars like our sun.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","next","stage","are","stars","like","our","sun","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"To say the sun dominates the solar system is not doing it justice, since it makes up 99.86% of all its mass.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["To","say","the","sun","dominates","the","solar","system","is","not","doing","it","justice",",","since","it","makes","up","99.86","%","of","all","its","mass","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,27,5,35,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It burns far hotter and brighter than red dwarfs, which reduces its lifetime to about 10 billion years.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","burns","far","hotter","and","brighter","than","red","dwarfs",",","which","reduces","its","lifetime","to","about","10","billion","years","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The sun is 7 times more massive than Barnard's star, but that makes it nearly 300 times brighter with twice its surface temperature.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","sun","is","7","times","more","massive","than","Barnard","'s","star",",","but","that","makes","it","nearly","300","times","brighter","with","twice","its","surface","temperature","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Let's go bigger.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","go","bigger","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Small changes in mass produce enormous changes in a main sequence star's brightness.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Small","changes","in","mass","produce","enormous","changes","in","a","main","sequence","star","'s","brightness","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The brightest star in the night sky, Sirius, is two solar masses with a radius 1.7 times that of the sun, but its surface is nearly 10,000 degrees Celsius, making it shine 25 times brighter.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":104,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":22,"token_start":11},{"end":109,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":106,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":189,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":110,"token_end":38,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["The","brightest","star","in","the","night","sky",",","Sirius",",","is","two","solar","masses","with","a","radius","1.7","times","that","of","the","sun",",","but","its","surface","is","nearly","10,000","degrees","Celsius",",","making","it","shine","25","times","brighter","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Burning that hot reduces its total lifespan by 4 times to 2.5 billion years.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Burning","that","hot","reduces","its","total","lifespan","by","4","times","to","2.5","billion","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Stars close to 10 times the mass of our sun have surface temperatures near 25,000 degrees Celsius.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Stars","close","to","10","times","the","mass","of","our","sun","have","surface","temperatures","near","25,000","degrees","Celsius","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Beta Centauri contains two of these massive stars, each shining with about 20,000 times the power of the sun.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Beta","Centauri","contains","two","of","these","massive","stars",",","each","shining","with","about","20,000","times","the","power","of","the","sun","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That's a lot of power coming from something only 13 times larger, but they'll only burn for about 20 million years.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["That","'s","a","lot","of","power","coming","from","something","only","13","times","larger",",","but","they","'ll","only","burn","for","about","20","million","years","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Entire generations of these blue stars die in the time it takes the sun to orbit the galaxy once.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Entire","generations","of","these","blue","stars","die","in","the","time","it","takes","the","sun","to","orbit","the","galaxy","once","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So is this the formula?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","is","this","the","formula","?"],"tags":[13,21,1,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The most massive star that we know is R136a1.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","most","massive","star","that","we","know","is","R136a1","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It has 315 solar masses and is nearly 9 million times brighter than the sun.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","has","315","solar","masses","and","is","nearly","9","million","times","brighter","than","the","sun","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And yet, despite its tremendous mass and power, it's barely 30 times the size of the sun.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","despite","its","tremendous","mass","and","power",",","it","'s","barely","30","times","the","size","of","the","sun","."],"tags":[0,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The star is so extreme and barely held together by gravity that it loses 321,000 billion tons of material through its stellar wind.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","star","is","so","extreme","and","barely","held","together","by","gravity","that","it","loses","321,000","billion","tons","of","material","through","its","stellar","wind","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,14,14,14,29,13,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Stars of this sort are extremely rare because they break the rules of star formation a tiny bit.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Stars","of","this","sort","are","extremely","rare","because","they","break","the","rules","of","star","formation","a","tiny","bit","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When supermassive stars are born, they burn extremely hot and bright, and this blows away any extra gas that could make them more massive.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":73,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":137,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["When","supermassive","stars","are","born",",","they","burn","extremely","hot","and","bright",",","and","this","blows","away","any","extra","gas","that","could","make","them","more","massive","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So the mass limit for such a star is around 150 times the sun.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","the","mass","limit","for","such","a","star","is","around","150","times","the","sun","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Stars like R136a1 are probably formed through the merger of several high-mass stars in dense star-forming regions and burn their core hydrogen in only a few million years.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":20,"token_start":6},{"end":116,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":114,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":169,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":118,"token_end":31,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Stars","like","R136a1","are","probably","formed","through","the","merger","of","several","high","-","mass","stars","in","dense","star","-","forming","regions","and","burn","their","core","hydrogen","in","only","a","few","million","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So this means they are rare and short-lived.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","this","means","they","are","rare","and","short","-","lived","."],"tags":[13,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"From here, the trick to going bigger isn't adding more mass.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["From","here",",","the","trick","to","going","bigger","is","n't","adding","more","mass","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,37,27,5,6,0]}
{"text":"To make the biggest stars, we have to kill them.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["To","make","the","biggest","stars",",","we","have","to","kill","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,19,5,0]}
{"text":"When main-sequence stars begin to exhaust the hydrogen in their core, it contracts, making it hotter and denser.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":73,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["When","main","-","sequence","stars","begin","to","exhaust","the","hydrogen","in","their","core",",","it","contracts",",","making","it","hotter","and","denser","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This leads to hotter and faster fusion, which pushes back against gravity and makes the outer layers swell in a giant phase.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","leads","to","hotter","and","faster","fusion",",","which","pushes","back","against","gravity","and","makes","the","outer","layers","swell","in","a","giant","phase","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And these stars become truly giant indeed.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","these","stars","become","truly","giant","indeed","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,13,0]}
{"text":"Only 30% more massive than the sun, it has swollen to about 84 times its radius.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Only","30","%","more","massive","than","the","sun",",","it","has","swollen","to","about","84","times","its","radius","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Still, when the sun enters the last stage of its life, it will swell and become even bigger, 200 times its current radius.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":71,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Still",",","when","the","sun","enters","the","last","stage","of","its","life",",","it","will","swell","and","become","even","bigger",",","200","times","its","current","radius","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In this final phase of its life, it will swallow the inner planets.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","this","final","phase","of","its","life",",","it","will","swallow","the","inner","planets","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And if you think that's impressive, let's finally introduce the largest stars in the universe, Hypergiants.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":106,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","if","you","think","that","'s","impressive",",","let","'s","finally","introduce","the","largest","stars","in","the","universe",",","Hypergiants","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Hypergiants are the giant phase of the most massive stars in the universe.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Hypergiants","are","the","giant","phase","of","the","most","massive","stars","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They have an enormous surface area that can radiate an insane amount of light.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","have","an","enormous","surface","area","that","can","radiate","an","insane","amount","of","light","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Being so large, they're basically blowing themselves apart, as gravity at the surface is too weak to hold on to the hot mass, which is lifted away in powerful stellar winds.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":171,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":34,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Being","so","large",",","they","'re","basically","blowing","themselves","apart",",","as","gravity","at","the","surface","is","too","weak","to","hold","on","to","the","hot","mass",",","which","is","lifted","away","in","powerful","stellar","winds","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,13,27,5,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Pistol Star is 25 solar masses, but 300 times the radius of the sun, a blue hypergiant aptly named for its energetic blue starlight.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":14,"token_start":3},{"end":131,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":25,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Pistol","Star","is","25","solar","masses",",","but","300","times","the","radius","of","the","sun",",","a","blue","hypergiant","aptly","named","for","its","energetic","blue","starlight","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,0]}
{"text":"It's hard to say exactly how long Pistol Star will live, but probably just a few million years.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","hard","to","say","exactly","how","long","Pistol","Star","will","live",",","but","probably","just","a","few","million","years","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Even larger than the blue hypergiants are the yellow hypergiants.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Even","larger","than","the","blue","hypergiants","are","the","yellow","hypergiants","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The most well-studied is Rho Cassiopeia, a star so bright it can be seen with the naked eye although it's thousands of light-years from Earth.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":140,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":30,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","most","well","-","studied","is","Rho","Cassiopeia",",","a","star","so","bright","it","can","be","seen","with","the","naked","eye","although","it","'s","thousands","of","light","-","years","from","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"At 40 solar masses, this star is around 500 times the radius of the sun and 500,000 times brighter.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["At","40","solar","masses",",","this","star","is","around","500","times","the","radius","of","the","sun","and","500,000","times","brighter","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If the Earth were as close to Rho Cassiopeia as it is to the sun, it'd be incited and you would be very dead.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":85,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":86,"token_end":25,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","the","Earth","were","as","close","to","Rho","Cassiopeia","as","it","is","to","the","sun",",","it","'d","be","incited","and","you","would","be","very","dead","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Yellow hypergiants are very rare though, only 15 are known.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Yellow","hypergiants","are","very","rare","though",",","only","15","are","known","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This means they're likely just a short-lived intermediate state, as a star grows or shrinks between other phases of hypergiantness.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":130,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","they","'re","likely","just","a","short","-","lived","intermediate","state",",","as","a","star","grows","or","shrinks","between","other","phases","of","hypergiantness","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"With red hypergiants, we reach the largest stars known to us, probably the largest stars even possible.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":101,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["With","red","hypergiants",",","we","reach","the","largest","stars","known","to","us",",","probably","the","largest","stars","even","possible","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So who's the winner of this insane contest?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","who","'s","the","winner","of","this","insane","contest","?"],"tags":[13,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Well, the truth is, we don't know.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Well",",","the","truth","is",",","we","do","n't","know","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,21,0,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Red hypergiants are extremely bright and far away, which means that even tiny uncertainties in our measurements can give us a huge margin of error for their size.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Red","hypergiants","are","extremely","bright","and","far","away",",","which","means","that","even","tiny","uncertainties","in","our","measurements","can","give","us","a","huge","margin","of","error","for","their","size","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Worse still, red hypergiants are solar system-sized behemoths that are blowing themselves apart, which makes them harder to measure.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":130,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":22,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Worse","still",",","red","hypergiants","are","solar","system","-","sized","behemoths","that","are","blowing","themselves","apart",",","which","makes","them","harder","to","measure","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"As we do more science and our instruments improve, whatever the largest star is will change.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":85,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["As","we","do","more","science","and","our","instruments","improve",",","whatever","the","largest","star","is","will","change","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"The star that is currently thought to be among the largest we've found is Stephenson 218.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","star","that","is","currently","thought","to","be","among","the","largest","we","'ve","found","is","Stephenson","218","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"It was probably born as a main-sequence star a few tens of times the mass of the sun and has likely lost about half its mass by now.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":19,"token_start":4},{"end":87,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":89,"token_end":29,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["It","was","probably","born","as","a","main","-","sequence","star","a","few","tens","of","times","the","mass","of","the","sun","and","has","likely","lost","about","half","its","mass","by","now","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"While typical red hypergiants are 1,500 times the size of the sun, the largest rough estimate places Stephenson 218 at 2,150 solar radii and shining with almost half a million times the power of the sun.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":99,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":94,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":114,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":19,"token_start":18},{"end":135,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":116,"token_end":23,"token_start":20},{"end":139,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":137,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":201,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":141,"token_end":36,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["While","typical","red","hypergiants","are","1,500","times","the","size","of","the","sun",",","the","largest","rough","estimate","places","Stephenson","218","at","2,150","solar","radii","and","shining","with","almost","half","a","million","times","the","power","of","the","sun","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"By comparison, the sun seems like a grain of dust.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["By","comparison",",","the","sun","seems","like","a","grain","of","dust","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Our brains don't really have a way of grasping this kind of scale.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Our","brains","do","n't","really","have","a","way","of","grasping","this","kind","of","scale","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Even at light speed, it would take you 8.7 hours to travel around it once.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Even","at","light","speed",",","it","would","take","you","8.7","hours","to","travel","around","it","once","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,9,7,8,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The fastest plane on Earth would take around 500 years.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","fastest","plane","on","Earth","would","take","around","500","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Dropped on the sun, it would fill Saturn's orbit.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Dropped","on","the","sun",",","it","would","fill","Saturn","'s","orbit","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As it evolves, it will probably shed even more mass and shrink down into another, hotter hypergiant phase, accumulate heavy elements in its core,","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":143,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":26,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["As","it","evolves",",","it","will","probably","shed","even","more","mass","and","shrink","down","into","another",",","hotter","hypergiant","phase",",","accumulate","heavy","elements","in","its","core",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This gas will then go on to form another generation of stars of all sizes, starting the cycle of birth and death again, to light up our universe.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":14,"token_start":6},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":29,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["This","gas","will","then","go","on","to","form","another","generation","of","stars","of","all","sizes",",","starting","the","cycle","of","birth","and","death","again",",","to","light","up","our","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's make this journey again, but this time without the talking.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Let","'s","make","this","journey","again",",","but","this","time","without","the","talking","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The universe is big.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","universe","is","big","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"There are many large things in it.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","many","large","things","in","it","."],"tags":[3,19,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"If you want to play a bit more with size stuff, we have good news.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","play","a","bit","more","with","size","stuff",",","we","have","good","news","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"We've created our first app, Universe in a Nutshell, together with Tim Urban, the brain behind Wait But Why.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","'ve","created","our","first","app",",","Universe","in","a","Nutshell",",","together","with","Tim","Urban",",","the","brain","behind","Wait","But","Why","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You can seamlessly travel from the smallest things in existence, past the coronavirus, human cells and dinosaurs,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["You","can","seamlessly","travel","from","the","smallest","things","in","existence",",","past","the","coronavirus",",","human","cells","and","dinosaurs",","],"tags":[1,15,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You can learn more about each object, or simply enjoy the sheer scale of it all.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["You","can","learn","more","about","each","object",",","or","simply","enjoy","the","sheer","scale","of","it","all","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The app is inspired by the Scale of the Universe website by the Huang Twins that we spent a lot of time with when it came out years ago, and felt that it was finally time to create a Wait But Why and Kurzgesagt version.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":135,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":28,"token_start":4},{"end":140,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":137,"token_end":30,"token_start":30},{"end":218,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":141,"token_end":45,"token_start":31}],"tokens":["The","app","is","inspired","by","the","Scale","of","the","Universe","website","by","the","Huang","Twins","that","we","spent","a","lot","of","time","with","when","it","came","out","years","ago",",","and","felt","that","it","was","finally","time","to","create","a","Wait","But","Why","and","Kurzgesagt","version","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"You can get it in your app store, there are no in-app purchases and no ads.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","can","get","it","in","your","app","store",",","there","are","no","in","-","app","purchases","and","no","ads","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"All future updates are included.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["All","future","updates","are","included","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"And since this is our first app, we'd love to hear your feedback, so we can improve it over time.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["And","since","this","is","our","first","app",",","we","'d","love","to","hear","your","feedback",",","so","we","can","improve","it","over","time","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If this sounds good to you, download the Universe in a Nutshell app now, and leave us a 5-star review if you want to support it.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":75,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":29,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","this","sounds","good","to","you",",","download","the","Universe","in","a","Nutshell","app","now",",","and","leave","us","a","5","-","star","review","if","you","want","to","support","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Kurzgesagt and all the projects we do are mostly funded by viewers like you.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Kurzgesagt","and","all","the","projects","we","do","are","mostly","funded","by","viewers","like","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So if you like the app, we'll make more digital things in future.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","if","you","like","the","app",",","we","'ll","make","more","digital","things","in","future","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Thank you for watching.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","for","watching","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The future of humanity seems insecure.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","future","of","humanity","seems","insecure","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Rapid climate change, political division, our greed and failings make it hard to look at our species with a lot of optimism, and so many people think our end is in sight.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":65,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":123,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":23,"token_start":13},{"end":128,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":125,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":169,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":129,"token_end":34,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["Rapid","climate","change",",","political","division",",","our","greed","and","failings","make","it","hard","to","look","at","our","species","with","a","lot","of","optimism",",","and","so","many","people","think","our","end","is","in","sight","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But humans have always thought they lived in the end times.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","humans","have","always","thought","they","lived","in","the","end","times","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Every generation assumes they're important enough to witness the apocalypse, and then life just goes on.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":80,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Every","generation","assumes","they","'re","important","enough","to","witness","the","apocalypse",",","and","then","life","just","goes","on","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is a problem because it leads to short-term thinking and prevents us from creating the best world for ourselves and our descendants.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":135,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":24,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","is","a","problem","because","it","leads","to","short","-","term","thinking","and","prevents","us","from","creating","the","best","world","for","ourselves","and","our","descendants","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What makes this worse is that we may actually be living at an extremely critical moment in human history.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":103,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["What","makes","this","worse","is","that","we","may","actually","be","living","at","an","extremely","critical","moment","in","human","history","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"To understand why, let's look at the temporal window of humanity and ask, when will the last human be born, and how many people will there ever be?","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":146,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":31,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["To","understand","why",",","let","'s","look","at","the","temporal","window","of","humanity","and","ask",",","when","will","the","last","human","be","born",",","and","how","many","people","will","there","ever","be","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"These sorts of estimates come with a lot of uncertainties, so please take them with a gigantic grain of salt.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["These","sorts","of","estimates","come","with","a","lot","of","uncertainties",",","so","please","take","them","with","a","gigantic","grain","of","salt","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To get a sense of how many people there will be, let's see how many people have already lived.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":93,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["To","get","a","sense","of","how","many","people","there","will","be",",","let","'s","see","how","many","people","have","already","lived","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Modern humans arose some 200,000 years ago.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Modern","humans","arose","some","200,000","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They were uniquely good at making tools, telling stories, thinking abstractly, planning and working together in large groups beyond their close family.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":149,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":24,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","were","uniquely","good","at","making","tools",",","telling","stories",",","thinking","abstractly",",","planning","and","working","together","in","large","groups","beyond","their","close","family","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Still, there were not that many of us.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Still",",","there","were","not","that","many","of","us","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,37,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Surpluses of food were scarce, survival was hard, life expectancy was low.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Surpluses","of","food","were","scarce",",","survival","was","hard",",","life","expectancy","was","low","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It took us 150,000 years to grow to a population of 2 million.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","took","us","150,000","years","to","grow","to","a","population","of","2","million","."],"tags":[1,23,9,7,8,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Improvements were gradual and eventually led to the agricultural revolution, arguably the biggest change in our history.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Improvements","were","gradual","and","eventually","led","to","the","agricultural","revolution",",","arguably","the","biggest","change","in","our","history","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This was when our numbers really started growing.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","was","when","our","numbers","really","started","growing","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It took 10,000 more years to get to 300 million.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","took","10,000","more","years","to","get","to","300","million","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But that increase was dwarfed by the industrial revolution.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","that","increase","was","dwarfed","by","the","industrial","revolution","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In 1800, there were a billion of us.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","1800",",","there","were","a","billion","of","us","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,23,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The human population doubled in just 120 years, and then again in 50.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","human","population","doubled","in","just","120","years",",","and","then","again","in","50","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Today, we number around 8 billion.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Today",",","we","number","around","8","billion","."],"tags":[0,0,1,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In total, over the last 200,000 years, about 117 billion humans were born and lived, and 109 billion also died.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":77,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":88,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":89,"token_end":22,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["In","total",",","over","the","last","200,000","years",",","about","117","billion","humans","were","born","and","lived",",","and","109","billion","also","died","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,0,41,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Which means that about 7% of all humans that ever lived are alive right now, as many as were born in the first 150,000 years of human history.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Which","means","that","about","7","%","of","all","humans","that","ever","lived","are","alive","right","now",",","as","many","as","were","born","in","the","first","150,000","years","of","human","history","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Every minute, 270 babies join the party.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Every","minute",",","270","babies","join","the","party","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"But there aren't just more people.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","there","are","n't","just","more","people","."],"tags":[0,3,21,37,13,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Never before have we been as healthy and well-off or lived longer.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Never","before","have","we","been","as","healthy","and","well","-","off","or","lived","longer","."],"tags":[13,14,15,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"With growing living standards, our birth rates collapsed.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["With","growing","living","standards",",","our","birth","rates","collapsed","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,0]}
{"text":"The UN estimates that around the year 2100, we will hit our population peak and there will be 125 million people born each year.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":127,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":24,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","UN","estimates","that","around","the","year","2100",",","we","will","hit","our","population","peak","and","there","will","be","125","million","people","born","each","year","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's pretty unlikely that birth rates will stay stable forever, but let's pretend to make our thought experiment simpler.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":67,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["It","'s","pretty","unlikely","that","birth","rates","will","stay","stable","forever",",","but","let","'s","pretend","to","make","our","thought","experiment","simpler","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"How many people there will be in the future depends on when our species will die out.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["How","many","people","there","will","be","in","the","future","depends","on","when","our","species","will","die","out","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And here, we find a lot of uncertainties.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","here",",","we","find","a","lot","of","uncertainties","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We are able to destroy ourselves through our own inventions, but we are also able to find solutions to avert catastrophic risk.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","are","able","to","destroy","ourselves","through","our","own","inventions",",","but","we","are","also","able","to","find","solutions","to","avert","catastrophic","risk","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We can change the direction of planet-killer asteroids, but we've also invented nuclear weapons.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","can","change","the","direction","of","planet","-","killer","asteroids",",","but","we","'ve","also","invented","nuclear","weapons","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We discovered antibiotics, but also carry diseases across the globe in a matter of days.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","discovered","antibiotics",",","but","also","carry","diseases","across","the","globe","in","a","matter","of","days","."],"tags":[1,23,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Our industrial system gives us an incredible standard of living, but also change the atmosphere in the process.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Our","industrial","system","gives","us","an","incredible","standard","of","living",",","but","also","change","the","atmosphere","in","the","process","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,9,7,8,8,8,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It's very hard to say if human ingenuity will prolong or shorten our species' lifespan.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","very","hard","to","say","if","human","ingenuity","will","prolong","or","shorten","our","species","'","lifespan","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"If things go badly, our end could come suddenly.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","things","go","badly",",","our","end","could","come","suddenly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,13,0]}
{"text":"But if we manage to avoid that, we could conceivably stick around for a long time.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","if","we","manage","to","avoid","that",",","we","could","conceivably","stick","around","for","a","long","time","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,31,32,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So every day we don't destroy ourselves may mean life for an unfathomable number of humans.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","every","day","we","do","n't","destroy","ourselves","may","mean","life","for","an","unfathomable","number","of","humans","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It depends on how far our species is going to expand.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","depends","on","how","far","our","species","is","going","to","expand","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Scenario 1, Humans will never leave Earth.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Scenario","1",",","Humans","will","never","leave","Earth","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,15,37,19,5,0]}
{"text":"If we stay on our home planet, a good metric to look at is the extinction rate of animals that we get from the fossil record.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":123,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":26,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","we","stay","on","our","home","planet",",","a","good","metric","to","look","at","is","the","extinction","rate","of","animals","that","we","get","from","the","fossil","record","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The average lifespan of mammalian species is in the region of 1 million years, with some surviving up to 10 million years.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","average","lifespan","of","mammalian","species","is","in","the","region","of","1","million","years",",","with","some","surviving","up","to","10","million","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our close relative Homo erectus survived for about 1.9 million years.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Our","close","relative","Homo","erectus","survived","for","about","1.9","million","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's be conservative and assume that humans will survive for a million years, which leaves us 800,000 more years to dawdle away.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":128,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","be","conservative","and","assume","that","humans","will","survive","for","a","million","years",",","which","leaves","us","800,000","more","years","to","dawdle","away","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Assuming a stable birth rate of 125 million people each year, this means there are roughly 100 trillion humans waiting to be born.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":129,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Assuming","a","stable","birth","rate","of","125","million","people","each","year",",","this","means","there","are","roughly","100","trillion","humans","waiting","to","be","born","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This would make everybody alive today only 0.008% of all people that will ever live.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","would","make","everybody","alive","today","only","0.008","%","of","all","people","that","will","ever","live","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,33,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Think about where this leaves you.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Think","about","where","this","leaves","you","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Instead of putting you at the end of the chaotic mess that was our past, it would mean you live at the very beginning of something big.","spans":[{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":82,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":134,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":27,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Instead","of","putting","you","at","the","end","of","the","chaotic","mess","that","was","our","past",",","it","would","mean","you","live","at","the","very","beginning","of","something","big","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Doesn't this feel incredibly different?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Does","n't","this","feel","incredibly","different","?"],"tags":[15,37,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"And now, consider that this may be an extremely pessimistic estimate.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","now",",","consider","that","this","may","be","an","extremely","pessimistic","estimate","."],"tags":[0,13,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If we match the survival time of the most successful mammals, then our future numbers rise to 1.2 quadrillion people that have yet to be born.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":86,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":26,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","we","match","the","survival","time","of","the","most","successful","mammals",",","then","our","future","numbers","rise","to","1.2","quadrillion","people","that","have","yet","to","be","born","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And even this seems far from our potential.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","even","this","seems","far","from","our","potential","."],"tags":[0,13,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"As the sun slowly gets hotter and brighter, Earth will remain habitable for about 500 million years, giving so many more potential people the chance to become actual people.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":17,"token_start":13},{"end":171,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":30,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["As","the","sun","slowly","gets","hotter","and","brighter",",","Earth","will","remain","habitable","for","about","500","million","years",",","giving","so","many","more","potential","people","the","chance","to","become","actual","people","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And now, let's begin to think big.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","now",",","let","'s","begin","to","think","big","."],"tags":[0,13,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Scenario 2, Humans will leave Earth.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Scenario","2",",","Humans","will","leave","Earth","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"We went from humans worshipping the moon to humans walking on it, so who knows how much further we can go.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["We","went","from","humans","worshipping","the","moon","to","humans","walking","on","it",",","so","who","knows","how","much","further","we","can","go","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If we don't die out within the next few hundred years, ideas that seem outlandish right now become serious considerations.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":90,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":18,"token_start":13},{"end":97,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":92,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":120,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":21,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","we","do","n't","die","out","within","the","next","few","hundred","years",",","ideas","that","seem","outlandish","right","now","become","serious","considerations","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"If we believe that we have a chance of surviving for maybe millions of years, then we could expand onto the other planets or into our own artificial worlds.","spans":[{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":86,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":97,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":92,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":29,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","we","believe","that","we","have","a","chance","of","surviving","for","maybe","millions","of","years",",","then","we","could","expand","onto","the","other","planets","or","into","our","own","artificial","worlds","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Life needs three things, a surface, resources and energy.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Life","needs","three","things",",","a","surface",",","resources","and","energy","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our sun provides energy for billions of years, and there is so much water and material floating in the asteroid and Kuiper belt that we could sustain many times our current population.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":183,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":32,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Our","sun","provides","energy","for","billions","of","years",",","and","there","is","so","much","water","and","material","floating","in","the","asteroid","and","Kuiper","belt","that","we","could","sustain","many","times","our","current","population","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Instead of living on planets, we could decide to construct our own artificial worlds and habitats.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Instead","of","living","on","planets",",","we","could","decide","to","construct","our","own","artificial","worlds","and","habitats","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"With resources and energy so abundant, we could try out different types of society and ways of life.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["With","resources","and","energy","so","abundant",",","we","could","try","out","different","types","of","society","and","ways","of","life","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"An interconnected civilization spanning the solar system would create the basis of existence for an absurd number of individuals, orders of magnitude more than if we stick to Earth, even if we only existed for a few million years.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":63,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":228,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":40,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["An","interconnected","civilization","spanning","the","solar","system","would","create","the","basis","of","existence","for","an","absurd","number","of","individuals",",","orders","of","magnitude","more","than","if","we","stick","to","Earth",",","even","if","we","only","existed","for","a","few","million","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This future doesn't have to be grim and dark as science fiction likes to paint it.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["This","future","does","n't","have","to","be","grim","and","dark","as","science","fiction","likes","to","paint","it","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,17,18,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"With quadrillions of people waiting to be born, we will have billions of doctors working on curing cancer, billions of problem solvers working on ending poverty, and billions of video game developers making life fun.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":214,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":37,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["With","quadrillions","of","people","waiting","to","be","born",",","we","will","have","billions","of","doctors","working","on","curing","cancer",",","billions","of","problem","solvers","working","on","ending","poverty",",","and","billions","of","video","game","developers","making","life","fun","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"More humans may actually mean more progress.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["More","humans","may","actually","mean","more","progress","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Another upside of leaving Earth and spreading out is that it becomes much harder for us to become extinct as you need a solar system-wide catastrophe to catch everybody.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":167,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":30,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Another","upside","of","leaving","Earth","and","spreading","out","is","that","it","becomes","much","harder","for","us","to","become","extinct","as","you","need","a","solar","system","-","wide","catastrophe","to","catch","everybody","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So aside from nearby supernovae or gamma-ray bursts, humanity would be relatively safe from extinction, maybe for billions of years.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":17,"token_start":14},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":23,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["So","aside","from","nearby","supernovae","or","gamma","-","ray","bursts",",","humanity","would","be","relatively","safe","from","extinction",",","maybe","for","billions","of","years","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If we manage to survive for that long, slow evolution or genetic engineering might split us into multiple species, or we might intentionally keep ourselves the same as we are now.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":83,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":19,"token_start":17},{"end":117,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":115,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":178,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":118,"token_end":32,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["If","we","manage","to","survive","for","that","long",",","slow","evolution","or","genetic","engineering","might","split","us","into","multiple","species",",","or","we","might","intentionally","keep","ourselves","the","same","as","we","are","now","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So to account for that, we'll just talk about people from now on, instead of humans.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":83,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So","to","account","for","that",",","we","'ll","just","talk","about","people","from","now","on",",","instead","of","humans","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,31,32,5,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Okay, now let's think really big.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Okay",",","now","let","'s","think","really","big","."],"tags":[0,0,13,19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Scenario 3, people leave the solar system.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Scenario","3",",","people","leave","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As enormous as the solar system is, it is just one star system among billions in the Milky Way.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":93,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["As","enormous","as","the","solar","system","is",",","it","is","just","one","star","system","among","billions","in","the","Milky","Way","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If future people can colonize, say, 100 billion stars, and live there for 10 billion years, with each generating 100 million births per year, then we can expect something like a hundred octillion lives to be lived in the future.","spans":[{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":27,"token_start":0},{"end":146,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":142,"token_end":29,"token_start":29},{"end":149,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":147,"token_end":30,"token_start":30},{"end":153,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":150,"token_end":31,"token_start":31},{"end":160,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":154,"token_end":32,"token_start":32},{"end":227,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":161,"token_end":44,"token_start":33}],"tokens":["If","future","people","can","colonize",",","say",",","100","billion","stars",",","and","live","there","for","10","billion","years",",","with","each","generating","100","million","births","per","year",",","then","we","can","expect","something","like","a","hundred","octillion","lives","to","be","lived","in","the","future","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is a one with 29 zeros.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","a","one","with","29","zeros","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We can spend this up as much as we like.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","can","spend","this","up","as","much","as","we","like","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,35,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The Andromeda Galaxy will merge with the Milky Way, adding another trillion stars for us to settle.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","Andromeda","Galaxy","will","merge","with","the","Milky","Way",",","adding","another","trillion","stars","for","us","to","settle","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Red dwarfs stay active for up to a trillion years, and future civilizations might even find energy for their habitats around black holes.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":136,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Red","dwarfs","stay","active","for","up","to","a","trillion","years",",","and","future","civilizations","might","even","find","energy","for","their","habitats","around","black","holes","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A sufficiently advanced civilization of our descendants might even try to reach other galaxy groups.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":67,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["A","sufficiently","advanced","civilization","of","our","descendants","might","even","try","to","reach","other","galaxy","groups","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"While these numbers are mind-blowing, they may underestimate the number of unborn people by many orders of magnitude.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["While","these","numbers","are","mind","-","blowing",",","they","may","underestimate","the","number","of","unborn","people","by","many","orders","of","magnitude","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If we divide the total energy available in a galaxy by the average energy needs of a single person, then we get a tridicillion potential lives.","spans":[{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":18,"token_start":0},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":106,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":110,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":108,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":141,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":26,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["If","we","divide","the","total","energy","available","in","a","galaxy","by","the","average","energy","needs","of","a","single","person",",","then","we","get","a","tridicillion","potential","lives","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Hopefully, what's become evident is that if we don't kill ourselves in the next few centuries or millennia, almost all humans that will ever exist will live in the future.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":169,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":33,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Hopefully",",","what","'s","become","evident","is","that","if","we","do","n't","kill","ourselves","in","the","next","few","centuries","or","millennia",",","almost","all","humans","that","will","ever","exist","will","live","in","the","future","."],"tags":[11,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We exist at a high point in human history, with incredible possibilities at our grasp.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","exist","at","a","high","point","in","human","history",",","with","incredible","possibilities","at","our","grasp","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What we do matters for all the people who do not exist yet.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","we","do","matters","for","all","the","people","who","do","not","exist","yet","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So while it's not on vogue to think about humanity's long-term future with optimism, or to think about it at all, maybe this has given you a bit of perspective.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":25,"token_start":1},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":114,"token_end":27,"token_start":27},{"end":123,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":120,"token_end":28,"token_start":28},{"end":127,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":125,"token_end":29,"token_start":29},{"end":133,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":129,"token_end":30,"token_start":30},{"end":137,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":135,"token_end":31,"token_start":31},{"end":158,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":139,"token_end":35,"token_start":32}],"tokens":["So","while","it","'s","not","on","vogue","to","think","about","humanity","'s","long","-","term","future","with","optimism",",","or","to","think","about","it","at","all",",","maybe","this","has","given","you","a","bit","of","perspective","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,29,9,7,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"If we screw up the present, so many people may never come to exist.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":60,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","we","screw","up","the","present",",","so","many","people","may","never","come","to","exist","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,2,15,37,17,18,19,0]}
{"text":"Quadrillions of unborn humans are at our mercy.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Quadrillions","of","unborn","humans","are","at","our","mercy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even if we go with fairly conservative estimates, the unborn are by far the largest group of people, and the most disenfranchised.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":128,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Even","if","we","go","with","fairly","conservative","estimates",",","the","unborn","are","by","far","the","largest","group","of","people",",","and","the","most","disenfranchised","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,13,14,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Somebody who might be born in a thousand or even a million years deeply depends on us today for their existence.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":20,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Somebody","who","might","be","born","in","a","thousand","or","even","a","million","years","deeply","depends","on","us","today","for","their","existence","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,25,13,14,13,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is why it's important to think about the distant future, and why our presence is so crucial, why it matters what we do today.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":128,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":27,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","why","it","'s","important","to","think","about","the","distant","future",",","and","why","our","presence","is","so","crucial",",","why","it","matters","what","we","do","today","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"One day, the last human will be born.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["One","day",",","the","last","human","will","be","born","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,15,15,29,0]}
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{"text":"We're launching Kurzgesagt in six more languages.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","'re","launching","Kurzgesagt","in","six","more","languages","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If enough people watch our new channels, we can hopefully run them for many years to come.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","enough","people","watch","our","new","channels",",","we","can","hopefully","run","them","for","many","years","to","come","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,21,5,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is where we need your help.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","where","we","need","your","help","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It takes us a lot of time, effort and, yes, money to translate our videos properly and run so many channels.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":13,"token_start":3},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["It","takes","us","a","lot","of","time",",","effort","and",",","yes",",","money","to","translate","our","videos","properly","and","run","so","many","channels","."],"tags":[1,25,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, to make this sustainable, please help us spread the word.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So",",","to","make","this","sustainable",",","please","help","us","spread","the","word","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,0,0,19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"If you're native in one of these languages, share our videos on social media and tell your friends and family.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","native","in","one","of","these","languages",",","share","our","videos","on","social","media","and","tell","your","friends","and","family","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,6,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Make people in your native language aware that it exists.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Make","people","in","your","native","language","aware","that","it","exists","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This multi-language expansion is supported by Open Philanthropy, an organization that tries to do as much good as possible.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","multi","-","language","expansion","is","supported","by","Open","Philanthropy",",","an","organization","that","tries","to","do","as","much","good","as","possible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They want to help us spread awareness of science and ideas for how you can help humanity thrive.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","want","to","help","us","spread","awareness","of","science","and","ideas","for","how","you","can","help","humanity","thrive","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Their values align with ours in many fundamental ways, so we're going to work with them on more projects in the future.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":23,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Their","values","align","with","ours","in","many","fundamental","ways",",","so","we","'re","going","to","work","with","them","on","more","projects","in","the","future","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, please help us spread the word.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So",",","please","help","us","spread","the","word","."],"tags":[0,0,0,19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"And thank you for watching.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","thank","you","for","watching","."],"tags":[0,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Humans can survive in this universe as long as we have an energy source.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Humans","can","survive","in","this","universe","as","long","as","we","have","an","energy","source","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, the universe will die.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","the","universe","will","die","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"It will happen slowly, over many billions of years, but it will happen.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["It","will","happen","slowly",",","over","many","billions","of","years",",","but","it","will","happen","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"On a universal time scale, stars like our sun will be gone in no time.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["On","a","universal","time","scale",",","stars","like","our","sun","will","be","gone","in","no","time","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,21,11,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Luckily, there are places that will exist practically forever from a human perspective.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":85,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Luckily",",","there","are","places","that","will","exist","practically","forever","from","a","human","perspective","."],"tags":[13,0,3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"They could be humanity's last home right before the death of the universe.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["They","could","be","humanity","'s","last","home","right","before","the","death","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What are these strange things and what happens when they finally die?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":68,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["What","are","these","strange","things","and","what","happens","when","they","finally","die","?"],"tags":[11,21,11,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"How long stars live varies drastically, depending on how massive they are.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["How","long","stars","live","varies","drastically",",","depending","on","how","massive","they","are","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For example, really massive stars burn hot and fast, dying violently in supernova a few million years after birth.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["For","example",",","really","massive","stars","burn","hot","and","fast",",","dying","violently","in","supernova","a","few","million","years","after","birth","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,19,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But they're the exception.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","they","'re","the","exception","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"97% of all stars will end their existence as white dwarfs.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["97","%","of","all","stars","will","end","their","existence","as","white","dwarfs","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There are two ways this can happen.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","two","ways","this","can","happen","."],"tags":[3,19,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Small stars, so-called red dwarfs, burn out over trillions of years until they eventually quietly turn into white dwarfs.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Small","stars",",","so","-","called","red","dwarfs",",","burn","out","over","trillions","of","years","until","they","eventually","quietly","turn","into","white","dwarfs","."],"tags":[1,2,0,39,40,40,40,40,0,31,32,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Medium-sized stars like our sun are more interesting.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Medium","-","sized","stars","like","our","sun","are","more","interesting","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Imagine the sun as a huge pressure cooker that fuses hydrogen into helium in its core through its gravity.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Imagine","the","sun","as","a","huge","pressure","cooker","that","fuses","hydrogen","into","helium","in","its","core","through","its","gravity","."],"tags":[19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"When the sun is old, the hydrogen in the core is exhausted and the sun will begin to burn helium into heavier elements.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["When","the","sun","is","old",",","the","hydrogen","in","the","core","is","exhausted","and","the","sun","will","begin","to","burn","helium","into","heavier","elements","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"While doing so, it will shed its outer layers.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["While","doing","so",",","it","will","shed","its","outer","layers","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"When this process is over, more than half of the sun's mass will be lost into space as a spectacular planetary nebula millions of kilometers across.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":18,"token_start":17},{"end":147,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":27,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["When","this","process","is","over",",","more","than","half","of","the","sun","'s","mass","will","be","lost","into","space","as","a","spectacular","planetary","nebula","millions","of","kilometers","across","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What remains will be its former core.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","remains","will","be","its","former","core","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A white dwarf is born.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","white","dwarf","is","born","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"While its former self was about 100 times its diameter, now it's only about as big as Earth, but still with about half of its former mass.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":136,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":29,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["While","its","former","self","was","about","100","times","its","diameter",",","now","it","'s","only","about","as","big","as","Earth",",","but","still","with","about","half","of","its","former","mass","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This means it's extremely dense.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","it","'s","extremely","dense","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A teaspoon of white dwarf is about as massive as a car.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","teaspoon","of","white","dwarf","is","about","as","massive","as","a","car","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Its surface gravity is over 100,000 times higher than Earth's.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Its","surface","gravity","is","over","100,000","times","higher","than","Earth","'s","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you tried to land on it, you'd immediately be compressed into a steaming puddle.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","tried","to","land","on","it",",","you","'d","immediately","be","compressed","into","a","steaming","puddle","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Life around a white dwarf is very unlikely, but possible.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Life","around","a","white","dwarf","is","very","unlikely",",","but","possible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Most of them that exist now were former stars that, well, died, which probably ruined any planets they once had.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":110,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Most","of","them","that","exist","now","were","former","stars","that",",","well",",","died",",","which","probably","ruined","any","planets","they","once","had","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But that's not all.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","that","'s","not","all","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"Since they are so small, a planet would need to orbit them about 75 times closer than Earth is to the sun to have liquid water.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":22,"token_start":10},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":26,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["Since","they","are","so","small",",","a","planet","would","need","to","orbit","them","about","75","times","closer","than","Earth","is","to","the","sun","to","have","liquid","water","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This proximity has up and downsides.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","proximity","has","up","and","downsides","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For one, it would tidally lock the planet, giving it a permanent day and permanent night.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["For","one",",","it","would","tidally","lock","the","planet",",","giving","it","a","permanent","day","and","permanent","night","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At the edges of these day and night zones, life could be possible.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["At","the","edges","of","these","day","and","night","zones",",","life","could","be","possible","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"But white dwarfs have a very stable energy output, so they might actually be safer to live around than many red dwarfs.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","white","dwarfs","have","a","very","stable","energy","output",",","so","they","might","actually","be","safer","to","live","around","than","many","red","dwarfs","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is still speculation at this point, but if we could find a white dwarf with the right conditions to settle around, we could have a home for many billions of years.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":167,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":33,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","is","still","speculation","at","this","point",",","but","if","we","could","find","a","white","dwarf","with","the","right","conditions","to","settle","around",",","we","could","have","a","home","for","many","billions","of","years","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But why do they shine so much longer than other star types?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","why","do","they","shine","so","much","longer","than","other","star","types","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"White dwarfs are very, very hot, up to 40 times hotter than our sun, ranking among the hottest objects in the universe.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":15,"token_start":3},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":24,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["White","dwarfs","are","very",",","very","hot",",","up","to","40","times","hotter","than","our","sun",",","ranking","among","the","hottest","objects","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But they are not incredibly active.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","they","are","not","incredibly","active","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"All the heat inside of them is trapped and has nowhere to go.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["All","the","heat","inside","of","them","is","trapped","and","has","nowhere","to","go","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Only on its outer layer can it escape into space.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Only","on","its","outer","layer","can","it","escape","into","space","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,15,1,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But space is mostly empty, so heat can't be transferred by conduction.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","space","is","mostly","empty",",","so","heat","ca","n't","be","transferred","by","conduction","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,15,37,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The only way energy can escape is by radiation.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","only","way","energy","can","escape","is","by","radiation","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"This is so inefficient that white dwarfs will take trillions of years to cool down, which may make them humanity's last refuge.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","is","so","inefficient","that","white","dwarfs","will","take","trillions","of","years","to","cool","down",",","which","may","make","them","humanity","'s","last","refuge","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They might be the last sources of light and energy in a dying universe.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["They","might","be","the","last","sources","of","light","and","energy","in","a","dying","universe","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"According to some estimates, white dwarfs might shine as long as 100 billion billion years, 10 billion times longer than the universe has existed.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":25,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["According","to","some","estimates",",","white","dwarfs","might","shine","as","long","as","100","billion","billion","years",",","10","billion","times","longer","than","the","universe","has","existed","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Galaxies will have evaporated.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Galaxies","will","have","evaporated","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"And only then will the first white dwarf turn into the first black dwarf.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","only","then","will","the","first","white","dwarf","turn","into","the","first","black","dwarf","."],"tags":[0,13,14,15,1,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When this happens, the last hope for life will die off.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["When","this","happens",",","the","last","hope","for","life","will","die","off","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,31,32,0]}
{"text":"Black dwarfs will be inactive spheres with no energy left to give.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Black","dwarfs","will","be","inactive","spheres","with","no","energy","left","to","give","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So cold that they'll be near the coldest possible temperature in the universe.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So","cold","that","they","'ll","be","near","the","coldest","possible","temperature","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So dark that they are practically invisible.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","dark","that","they","are","practically","invisible","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"The universe will enter its last stage, heat death, which will leave the universe unrecognizable.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","universe","will","enter","its","last","stage",",","heat","death",",","which","will","leave","the","universe","unrecognizable","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We don't know for sure what will happen with black dwarfs in the end.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","for","sure","what","will","happen","with","black","dwarfs","in","the","end","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,14,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If the proton, one of the fundamental parts of atoms, has a limited lifespan, black dwarfs will slowly evaporate over many trillions of years.","spans":[{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":89,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":18,"token_start":17},{"end":94,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":91,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":111,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":103,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":113,"token_end":26,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["If","the","proton",",","one","of","the","fundamental","parts","of","atoms",",","has","a","limited","lifespan",",","black","dwarfs","will","slowly","evaporate","over","many","trillions","of","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If the proton does not decay, black dwarfs will probably turn into spheres of pure iron via quantum tunneling over a timespan so obscenely gigantic that calling it forever is okay.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":19,"token_start":17},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":22,"token_start":20},{"end":179,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":126,"token_end":31,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["If","the","proton","does","not","decay",",","black","dwarfs","will","probably","turn","into","spheres","of","pure","iron","via","quantum","tunneling","over","a","timespan","so","obscenely","gigantic","that","calling","it","forever","is","okay","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These iron spheres will then travel completely alone through a dark universe.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["These","iron","spheres","will","then","travel","completely","alone","through","a","dark","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Nothing new will happen anymore.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Nothing","new","will","happen","anymore","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,13,0]}
{"text":"While this may sound kind of dark, this is so far away that for our purposes today, it might as well not happen at all.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["While","this","may","sound","kind","of","dark",",","this","is","so","far","away","that","for","our","purposes","today",",","it","might","as","well","not","happen","at","all","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It doesn't matter what happens in a billion trillion years.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","does","n't","matter","what","happens","in","a","billion","trillion","years","."],"tags":[3,15,37,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Right now, we happen to exist at an excellent time.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Right","now",",","we","happen","to","exist","at","an","excellent","time","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,33,34,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our music is finally available on Spotify and iTunes.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Our","music","is","finally","available","on","Spotify","and","iTunes","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's composed by our good friends at Epic Mountain, two guys with a studio who make music for a living.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":21,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","composed","by","our","good","friends","at","Epic","Mountain",",","two","guys","with","a","studio","who","make","music","for","a","living","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You can check them out here and follow them on Facebook and Twitter.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["You","can","check","them","out","here","and","follow","them","on","Facebook","and","Twitter","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,35,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And if you like our videos, please consider supporting us on Patreon.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","if","you","like","our","videos",",","please","consider","supporting","us","on","Patreon","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It really would be extremely helpful.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","really","would","be","extremely","helpful","."],"tags":[1,13,15,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"If you need an excuse to delay work a little bit longer, here's a playlist with more space videos.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":96,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","you","need","an","excuse","to","delay","work","a","little","bit","longer",",","here","'s","a","playlist","with","more","space","videos","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"One day the last star will die and the universe will turn dark forever.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["One","day","the","last","star","will","die","and","the","universe","will","turn","dark","forever","."],"tags":[13,14,1,2,2,15,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It will probably be a red dwarf, a tiny kind of star that's also one of our best bets to find alien life and might be the last home of humanity before the universe becomes uninhabitable.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":184,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":37,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","will","probably","be","a","red","dwarf",",","a","tiny","kind","of","star","that","'s","also","one","of","our","best","bets","to","find","alien","life","and","might","be","the","last","home","of","humanity","before","the","universe","becomes","uninhabitable","."],"tags":[1,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So what do we know about them and why are they our last hope?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","what","do","we","know","about","them","and","why","are","they","our","last","hope","?"],"tags":[13,5,15,1,19,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"At least 70% of stars in the universe are red dwarfs.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["At","least","70","%","of","stars","in","the","universe","are","red","dwarfs","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"They are the tiniest stars out there with only about 7-50% of the mass of our sun, not that much bigger than our planet Jupiter, which is still huge though.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":34,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["They","are","the","tiniest","stars","out","there","with","only","about","7","-","50","%","of","the","mass","of","our","sun",",","not","that","much","bigger","than","our","planet","Jupiter",",","which","is","still","huge","though","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They are also very dim.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","are","also","very","dim","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"It's impossible to see them with the naked eye.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","impossible","to","see","them","with","the","naked","eye","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"You've never seen one in the night sky.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["You","'ve","never","seen","one","in","the","night","sky","."],"tags":[1,15,37,29,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even with all our technology we can only clearly observe red dwarfs in our neighborhood.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Even","with","all","our","technology","we","can","only","clearly","observe","red","dwarfs","in","our","neighborhood","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,1,15,13,13,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Approximately 20 of the 30 stars close to Earth are red dwarfs.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Approximately","20","of","the","30","stars","close","to","Earth","are","red","dwarfs","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Like all stars, red dwarfs fuse hydrogen into helium.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Like","all","stars",",","red","dwarfs","fuse","hydrogen","into","helium","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But while more massive stars accumulate all the fused helium in their cores, red dwarfs stay convective, meaning that the helium and hydrogen constantly mix.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":91,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":88,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":102,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":26,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["But","while","more","massive","stars","accumulate","all","the","fused","helium","in","their","cores",",","red","dwarfs","stay","convective",",","meaning","that","the","helium","and","hydrogen","constantly","mix","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So they use up their fuel incredibly slowly before they're extinguished.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","they","use","up","their","fuel","incredibly","slowly","before","they","'re","extinguished","."],"tags":[13,1,31,32,5,6,13,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Red dwarfs burn so slowly that their average lifespan is between 1 and 10 trillion years.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Red","dwarfs","burn","so","slowly","that","their","average","lifespan","is","between","1","and","10","trillion","years","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"By comparison, the sun will survive for another 5 billion years.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["By","comparison",",","the","sun","will","survive","for","another","5","billion","years","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Because the universe is only 13.75 billion years old, not a single red dwarf has reached later development stages.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Because","the","universe","is","only","13.75","billion","years","old",",","not","a","single","red","dwarf","has","reached","later","development","stages","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Every single one of the trillions that exist is still a baby.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Every","single","one","of","the","trillions","that","exist","is","still","a","baby","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Speaking of babies, the smallest star in the entire universe is also a red dwarf because small red dwarfs are right on the verge of being a star at all.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":150,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":30,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Speaking","of","babies",",","the","smallest","star","in","the","entire","universe","is","also","a","red","dwarf","because","small","red","dwarfs","are","right","on","the","verge","of","being","a","star","at","all","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Just a tiny bit less hydrogen and they are mere brown dwarfs.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Just","a","tiny","bit","less","hydrogen","and","they","are","mere","brown","dwarfs","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Since our sun will die one day, we'll eventually need to look for a new home.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Since","our","sun","will","die","one","day",",","we","'ll","eventually","need","to","look","for","a","new","home","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And where there are habitable planets, there might also be aliens.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","where","there","are","habitable","planets",",","there","might","also","be","aliens","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,13,21,1,0]}
{"text":"The Kepler Space Observatory found that at least half of all red dwarfs host rock planets between half and four times the mass of our Earth.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":139,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":25,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","Kepler","Space","Observatory","found","that","at","least","half","of","all","red","dwarfs","host","rock","planets","between","half","and","four","times","the","mass","of","our","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Many of them are in the habitable zone, the area around a star where water can be liquid.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Many","of","them","are","in","the","habitable","zone",",","the","area","around","a","star","where","water","can","be","liquid","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But since red dwarfs burn at relatively cold temperatures, a planet would need to be really close to be hospitable.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":17,"token_start":14},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":20,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["But","since","red","dwarfs","burn","at","relatively","cold","temperatures",",","a","planet","would","need","to","be","really","close","to","be","hospitable","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For example, a planet this close to a star would probably be tidally locked, meaning the same side would always face it.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["For","example",",","a","planet","this","close","to","a","star","would","probably","be","tidally","locked",",","meaning","the","same","side","would","always","face","it","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,15,13,29,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This side would be incredibly hot, while the shadow side would be frozen, which makes it hard for life to develop.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","side","would","be","incredibly","hot",",","while","the","shadow","side","would","be","frozen",",","which","makes","it","hard","for","life","to","develop","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Although a planet with a big enough ocean might be able to distribute the star's energy and create some kind of stability.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":88,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Although","a","planet","with","a","big","enough","ocean","might","be","able","to","distribute","the","star","'s","energy","and","create","some","kind","of","stability","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,6,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"All the gravitational forces of the red dwarf could squeeze the planet and heat it up so much that it might lose all its water over time.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":135,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":26,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["All","the","gravitational","forces","of","the","red","dwarf","could","squeeze","the","planet","and","heat","it","up","so","much","that","it","might","lose","all","its","water","over","time","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"These planets could end up like Venus, a hot, burning hell.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["These","planets","could","end","up","like","Venus",",","a","hot",",","burning","hell","."],"tags":[1,2,15,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Another problem is that many red dwarfs vary in their energy output.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Another","problem","is","that","many","red","dwarfs","vary","in","their","energy","output","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They can be covered in star spots that can dim their emitted light by up to 40% for months, which would cause oceans on planets to freeze over.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":29,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","can","be","covered","in","star","spots","that","can","dim","their","emitted","light","by","up","to","40","%","for","months",",","which","would","cause","oceans","on","planets","to","freeze","over","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At other times, they can emit powerful solar flares, sudden outbursts of energy incredibly powerful.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","other","times",",","they","can","emit","powerful","solar","flares",",","sudden","outbursts","of","energy","incredibly","powerful","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"These red dwarfs could double their brightness in minutes, which could strip away sizable portions of a planet's atmosphere and burn it, rendering it sterile.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["These","red","dwarfs","could","double","their","brightness","in","minutes",",","which","could","strip","away","sizable","portions","of","a","planet","'s","atmosphere","and","burn","it",",","rendering","it","sterile","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"On the other hand, their extremely long lifespan is a big plus.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["On","the","other","hand",",","their","extremely","long","lifespan","is","a","big","plus","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A red dwarf with just moderate levels of activity could be an amazing place for a planet that hosts life.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["A","red","dwarf","with","just","moderate","levels","of","activity","could","be","an","amazing","place","for","a","planet","that","hosts","life","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Life on Earth has existed for about 4 billion years, and we have about a billion years left before the sun becomes so hot that complex life on Earth will become impossible.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":171,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":32,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Life","on","Earth","has","existed","for","about","4","billion","years",",","and","we","have","about","a","billion","years","left","before","the","sun","becomes","so","hot","that","complex","life","on","Earth","will","become","impossible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We will either die out or leave Earth and look for a new home.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","will","either","die","out","or","leave","Earth","and","look","for","a","new","home","."],"tags":[1,15,0,31,32,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We could build a civilization for potentially trillions of years around a red dwarf with the right conditions.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","could","build","a","civilization","for","potentially","trillions","of","years","around","a","red","dwarf","with","the","right","conditions","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"About 5% of the red dwarfs in the Milky Way may host habitable, roughly Earth-sized planets.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["About","5","%","of","the","red","dwarfs","in","the","Milky","Way","may","host","habitable",",","roughly","Earth","-","sized","planets","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That would be more than 4 billion in total.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["That","would","be","more","than","4","billion","in","total","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But life may not even need a planet like Earth.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","life","may","not","even","need","a","planet","like","Earth","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Candidates for life around a red dwarf may be the moons of gas giants, also called super-Earths, really massive, rocky planets.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":125,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":25,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Candidates","for","life","around","a","red","dwarf","may","be","the","moons","of","gas","giants",",","also","called","super","-","Earths",",","really","massive",",","rocky","planets","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"All in all, there are an estimated 60 billion potentially habitable planets around red dwarfs, and that's in the Milky Way alone.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":93,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":15,"token_start":6},{"end":98,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":95,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":99,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["All","in","all",",","there","are","an","estimated","60","billion","potentially","habitable","planets","around","red","dwarfs",",","and","that","'s","in","the","Milky","Way","alone","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So red dwarfs might become really important for our survival in the future.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","red","dwarfs","might","become","really","important","for","our","survival","in","the","future","."],"tags":[13,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But everything has to die at some point, even red dwarfs.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","everything","has","to","die","at","some","point",",","even","red","dwarfs","."],"tags":[0,1,17,18,19,13,14,14,0,13,39,40,0]}
{"text":"When in trillions of years the life of the last red dwarf in the universe is about to end, it will not be a very spectacular event.","spans":[{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":18,"token_start":0},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":97,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":94,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":101,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":99,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":104,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":103,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":129,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":27,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["When","in","trillions","of","years","the","life","of","the","last","red","dwarf","in","the","universe","is","about","to","end",",","it","will","not","be","a","very","spectacular","event","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"As its hydrogen runs out, it shrinks, becoming a blue dwarf burning out completely.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["As","its","hydrogen","runs","out",",","it","shrinks",",","becoming","a","blue","dwarf","burning","out","completely","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After its fuel is spent, it's transformed into a white dwarf, an object about as small as Earth, packed very densely and made of degenerate gases, mostly of helium-4 nuclei.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":171,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":34,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["After","its","fuel","is","spent",",","it","'s","transformed","into","a","white","dwarf",",","an","object","about","as","small","as","Earth",",","packed","very","densely","and","made","of","degenerate","gases",",","mostly","of","helium-4","nuclei","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Having no more source of energy, it will cool extremely slowly over trillions of years until it becomes its final form, a cold black dwarf.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":26,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Having","no","more","source","of","energy",",","it","will","cool","extremely","slowly","over","trillions","of","years","until","it","becomes","its","final","form",",","a","cold","black","dwarf","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"White and black dwarfs are so fascinating that they deserve their own video.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["White","and","black","dwarfs","are","so","fascinating","that","they","deserve","their","own","video","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Anyway, it's going to be a long time before the last stars in the universe vanish.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Anyway",",","it","'s","going","to","be","a","long","time","before","the","last","stars","in","the","universe","vanish","."],"tags":[0,0,1,17,18,18,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's kind of uplifting to know that if humanity succeeds in venturing into space, we have plenty of time before the universe turns out the lights.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":145,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":27,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","'s","kind","of","uplifting","to","know","that","if","humanity","succeeds","in","venturing","into","space",",","we","have","plenty","of","time","before","the","universe","turns","out","the","lights","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Our videos are made thanks to your support on Patreon.com.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Our","videos","are","made","thanks","to","your","support","on","Patreon.com","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you want to help us make more of them, we really appreciate your support.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","help","us","make","more","of","them",",","we","really","appreciate","your","support","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The universe today is happy and healthy, with exciting things going on.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","universe","today","is","happy","and","healthy",",","with","exciting","things","going","on","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But at some point, the night will turn dark.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","at","some","point",",","the","night","will","turn","dark","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Everything that once was will peacefully sleep forever.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Everything","that","once","was","will","peacefully","sleep","forever","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,13,19,13,0]}
{"text":"But what is the last thing that will ever happen, and when will it be?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","what","is","the","last","thing","that","will","ever","happen",",","and","when","will","it","be","?"],"tags":[0,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It turns out there is such a thing, and you probably haven't heard about it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","turns","out","there","is","such","a","thing",",","and","you","probably","have","n't","heard","about","it","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Let's travel to the end of the universe and look at the last thing.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","travel","to","the","end","of","the","universe","and","look","at","the","last","thing","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"After a messy birth, our universe was a sleepy baby, warm and dark, filled with swirling clouds of hot hydrogen and helium.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":121,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":24,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["After","a","messy","birth",",","our","universe","was","a","sleepy","baby",",","warm","and","dark",",","filled","with","swirling","clouds","of","hot","hydrogen","and","helium","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The story of creation is a story of this gas and where it will end up.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","story","of","creation","is","a","story","of","this","gas","and","where","it","will","end","up","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Shortly after, the universe got busy making the first generation of stars.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Shortly","after",",","the","universe","got","busy","making","the","first","generation","of","stars","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They were massive and lived violent lives, forging new elements, only to release most of them when they blew up.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","were","massive","and","lived","violent","lives",",","forging","new","elements",",","only","to","release","most","of","them","when","they","blew","up","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Countless stars were born and refined the gas available in the universe, cycling matter around, each generation giving most of its gas and fresh elements to the next.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":164,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":29,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Countless","stars","were","born","and","refined","the","gas","available","in","the","universe",",","cycling","matter","around",",","each","generation","giving","most","of","its","gas","and","fresh","elements","to","the","next","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But not all gas is returned.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","not","all","gas","is","returned","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"Every time a new generation of stars forms, they also make more and more red dwarfs that burn slowly and live for trillions of years.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":131,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Every","time","a","new","generation","of","stars","forms",",","they","also","make","more","and","more","red","dwarfs","that","burn","slowly","and","live","for","trillions","of","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"When they die, they don't give their gas back to the universe, but turn it into white dwarfs.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["When","they","die",",","they","do","n't","give","their","gas","back","to","the","universe",",","but","turn","it","into","white","dwarfs","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So red dwarfs lock up more gas forever.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","red","dwarfs","lock","up","more","gas","forever","."],"tags":[13,1,2,31,32,5,6,13,0]}
{"text":"More gas is locked forever in other remains of dead stars, neutron stars and black holes, which is bad as it reduces the material available for new stars.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["More","gas","is","locked","forever","in","other","remains","of","dead","stars",",","neutron","stars","and","black","holes",",","which","is","bad","as","it","reduces","the","material","available","for","new","stars","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Today, the universe is a great home for us and will remain so for billions of years.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Today",",","the","universe","is","a","great","home","for","us","and","will","remain","so","for","billions","of","years","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But most of the gas has been used up or trapped.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","most","of","the","gas","has","been","used","up","or","trapped","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,15,29,35,0,41,0]}
{"text":"Over 90% of the stars that will ever be born have been born already.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Over","90","%","of","the","stars","that","will","ever","be","born","have","been","born","already","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,0]}
{"text":"To get to the last thing to ever happen, all other things need to happen first.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["To","get","to","the","last","thing","to","ever","happen",",","all","other","things","need","to","happen","first","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The next few hundred billion years will be fun and a great time for galactic exploration.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","next","few","hundred","billion","years","will","be","fun","and","a","great","time","for","galactic","exploration","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But step by step, large stars and stars like our sun will die out.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","step","by","step",",","large","stars","and","stars","like","our","sun","will","die","out","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,31,32,0]}
{"text":"Eventually, almost all the stars will be red dwarfs slowly dying.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Eventually",",","almost","all","the","stars","will","be","red","dwarfs","slowly","dying","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In a few trillion years, the cosmic gas will finally have run out.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","a","few","trillion","years",",","the","cosmic","gas","will","finally","have","run","out","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,13,15,29,35,0]}
{"text":"About 88% of the mass of every galaxy will be white dwarfs, 2% neutron stars and black holes, and about 10% gas giants, and sad brown dwarf losers.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":145,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":33,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["About","88","%","of","the","mass","of","every","galaxy","will","be","white","dwarfs",",","2","%","neutron","stars","and","black","holes",",","and","about","10","%","gas","giants",",","and","sad","brown","dwarf","losers","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"White dwarfs are the corpses of old stars, not much bigger than Earth, but on average as massive as half our sun, some even much more.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["White","dwarfs","are","the","corpses","of","old","stars",",","not","much","bigger","than","Earth",",","but","on","average","as","massive","as","half","our","sun",",","some","even","much","more","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This makes them the third densest objects in the universe, after neutron stars and black holes.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["This","makes","them","the","third","densest","objects","in","the","universe",",","after","neutron","stars","and","black","holes","."],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Since they used to be active stars, their surface can be as hot as 150,000 degrees.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Since","they","used","to","be","active","stars",",","their","surface","can","be","as","hot","as","150,000","degrees","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"White dwarfs are dim, hot, dense spheres, and they're the ones that don't do anything anymore.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["White","dwarfs","are","dim",",","hot",",","dense","spheres",",","and","they","'re","the","ones","that","do","n't","do","anything","anymore","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But eventually, even white dwarfs will die because they're slowly losing their heat.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","eventually",",","even","white","dwarfs","will","die","because","they","'re","slowly","losing","their","heat","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It takes at least 10 trillion years, more than 700 times longer than the current age of the universe.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","takes","at","least","10","trillion","years",",","more","than","700","times","longer","than","the","current","age","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,25,33,34,34,34,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"As they do their cooling down, the universe around them will irreversibly grow dark, as more and more white dwarfs burn out and turn into dead husks, black dwarfs.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":77,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":161,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":31,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["As","they","do","their","cooling","down",",","the","universe","around","them","will","irreversibly","grow","dark",",","as","more","and","more","white","dwarfs","burn","out","and","turn","into","dead","husks",",","black","dwarfs","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,13,21,11,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Over trillions and trillions of years, every object in every galaxy is eventually either ejected into the void, or its orbit decays and it will fall into the central black hole and be destroyed.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":88,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":96,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":18,"token_start":16},{"end":114,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":112,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":193,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":115,"token_end":35,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Over","trillions","and","trillions","of","years",",","every","object","in","every","galaxy","is","eventually","either","ejected","into","the","void",",","or","its","orbit","decays","and","it","will","fall","into","the","central","black","hole","and","be","destroyed","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,13,0,29,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In about a quintillion years, all galaxies have evaporated and every object is on its own,","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","about","a","quintillion","years",",","all","galaxies","have","evaporated","and","every","object","is","on","its","own",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Still, there are things that will happen.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Still",",","there","are","things","that","will","happen","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Black holes are dying, slowly.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Black","holes","are","dying",",","slowly","."],"tags":[1,2,15,27,0,13,0]}
{"text":"They'll fizzle away by emitting Hawking radiation, until they're so small that they die in a final flash of light.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","'ll","fizzle","away","by","emitting","Hawking","radiation",",","until","they","'re","so","small","that","they","die","in","a","final","flash","of","light","."],"tags":[1,15,19,35,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This will take about a googol years, 10 to the power of 100 years, until the last supermassive black hole dies.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":14,"token_start":3},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["This","will","take","about","a","googol","years",",","10","to","the","power","of","100","years",",","until","the","last","supermassive","black","hole","dies","."],"tags":[1,15,19,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Maybe some living beings could have survived around black holes, but even this science fiction option ends now.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Maybe","some","living","beings","could","have","survived","around","black","holes",",","but","even","this","science","fiction","option","ends","now","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"After this unsettling amount of time, we're not even close to the end.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["After","this","unsettling","amount","of","time",",","we","'re","not","even","close","to","the","end","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,37,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Now is the time of the black hole.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Now","is","the","time","of","the","black","hole","."],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It turns out there's some weird physics going on inside the dead husk of stars.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","turns","out","there","'s","some","weird","physics","going","on","inside","the","dead","husk","of","stars","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A black dwarf is a sphere the size of Earth, as massive as a star, but almost as cold as absolute zero.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","black","dwarf","is","a","sphere","the","size","of","Earth",",","as","massive","as","a","star",",","but","almost","as","cold","as","absolute","zero","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Stars stay alive because of their intense heat in their cores.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Stars","stay","alive","because","of","their","intense","heat","in","their","cores","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So why do black dwarfs not collapse into a black hole?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","why","do","black","dwarfs","not","collapse","into","a","black","hole","?"],"tags":[13,13,15,1,2,37,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What keeps them together?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","keeps","them","together","?"],"tags":[1,25,5,33,0]}
{"text":"Deep inside a black dwarf, matter is squeezed to densities millions of times greater than anything we see on Earth.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Deep","inside","a","black","dwarf",",","matter","is","squeezed","to","densities","millions","of","times","greater","than","anything","we","see","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The pressure is so great that electrons can't combine with nuclei to form atoms.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","pressure","is","so","great","that","electrons","ca","n't","combine","with","nuclei","to","form","atoms","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Instead, matter is weird, degenerate.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Instead",",","matter","is","weird",",","degenerate","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The nuclei are compressed by the weight of the star, locked into a rigid lattice, while the electrons form a plasma between them.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":24,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["The","nuclei","are","compressed","by","the","weight","of","the","star",",","locked","into","a","rigid","lattice",",","while","the","electrons","form","a","plasma","between","them","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And these electrons hold the star together.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","these","electrons","hold","the","star","together","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,6,13,0]}
{"text":"We're simplifying, but imagine matter as a subway train and electrons as passengers.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","'re","simplifying",",","but","imagine","matter","as","a","subway","train","and","electrons","as","passengers","."],"tags":[1,15,27,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If there are empty seats, passengers spread out because they care a lot about their personal space.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","there","are","empty","seats",",","passengers","spread","out","because","they","care","a","lot","about","their","personal","space","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But as a black dwarf is so incredibly dense, this is like squishing more and more passengers into our train.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":107,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","as","a","black","dwarf","is","so","incredibly","dense",",","this","is","like","squishing","more","and","more","passengers","into","our","train","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Gravity is pushing in, trying to collapse it.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Gravity","is","pushing","in",",","trying","to","collapse","it","."],"tags":[1,15,27,35,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The passengers are forced to sit and stand close together, which they hate.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","passengers","are","forced","to","sit","and","stand","close","together",",","which","they","hate","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And so the passengers, our electrons, try to push out against gravity as hard as they can.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","so","the","passengers",",","our","electrons",",","try","to","push","out","against","gravity","as","hard","as","they","can","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,0,39,40,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This way, the electrons that are having a horrible time in the crowded train that's the black dwarf, hold up the star.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":99,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":19,"token_start":3},{"end":108,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":22,"token_start":21},{"end":117,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":24,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["This","way",",","the","electrons","that","are","having","a","horrible","time","in","the","crowded","train","that","'s","the","black","dwarf",",","hold","up","the","star","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,31,32,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Everything else in the universe may have crumbled already, but these tiny particles push against each other, until the end of time.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Everything","else","in","the","universe","may","have","crumbled","already",",","but","these","tiny","particles","push","against","each","other",",","until","the","end","of","time","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Simplifying a lot, when particles get close enough, sometimes they can jump at each other and fuse together.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":92,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":90,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":94,"token_end":19,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Simplifying","a","lot",",","when","particles","get","close","enough",",","sometimes","they","can","jump","at","each","other","and","fuse","together","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,19,13,14,14,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This happens constantly in stars because of their intense heat.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","happens","constantly","in","stars","because","of","their","intense","heat","."],"tags":[1,25,13,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's one of the key reasons stars can fuse elements into new ones.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","one","of","the","key","reasons","stars","can","fuse","elements","into","new","ones","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But it also happens at a temperature near absolute zero.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","also","happens","at","a","temperature","near","absolute","zero","."],"tags":[0,1,13,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is the final step to creating the last interesting thing to ever happen in our universe.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","the","final","step","to","creating","the","last","interesting","thing","to","ever","happen","in","our","universe","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Here, in this lone black dwarf, something fantastic occurs.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Here",",","in","this","lone","black","dwarf",",","something","fantastic","occurs","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,0]}
{"text":"Nothing happens for a trillion years.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Nothing","happens","for","a","trillion","years","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Can you imagine that?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Can","you","imagine","that","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Two carbon nuclei combined by quantum tunneling to become magnesium.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Two","carbon","nuclei","combined","by","quantum","tunneling","to","become","magnesium","."],"tags":[1,2,2,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Another 100 trillion years pass.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Another","100","trillion","years","pass","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,0]}
{"text":"It happens again.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","happens","again","."],"tags":[1,25,13,0]}
{"text":"Oh, two oxygen nuclei combine into silicon.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Oh",",","two","oxygen","nuclei","combine","into","silicon","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"As eons pass, the nuclei in the frozen black dwarf slowly combine.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["As","eons","pass",",","the","nuclei","in","the","frozen","black","dwarf","slowly","combine","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,19,0]}
{"text":"And these take even longer to fuse, but given enough time, they eventually will.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","these","take","even","longer","to","fuse",",","but","given","enough","time",",","they","eventually","will","."],"tags":[0,1,19,13,14,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Remember the breathtaking amount of time it took for a supermassive black hole to evaporate?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":14,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Remember","the","breathtaking","amount","of","time","it","took","for","a","supermassive","black","hole","to","evaporate","?"],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That's a brief moment in comparison to what's going on here.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["That","'s","a","brief","moment","in","comparison","to","what","'s","going","on","here","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The difference between a second and trillions of years has lost its meaning.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","difference","between","a","second","and","trillions","of","years","has","lost","its","meaning","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Over a time so absurd that it has no name, nuclei keep fusing into heavier elements.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Over","a","time","so","absurd","that","it","has","no","name",",","nuclei","keep","fusing","into","heavier","elements","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Until, when silicon nuclei fuse, they form nickel-56.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Until",",","when","silicon","nuclei","fuse",",","they","form","nickel-56","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Nickel-56 is radioactive, which means it's unstable.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Nickel-56","is","radioactive",",","which","means","it","'s","unstable","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And when it eventually decays and turns into iron, it emits two positrons, antimatter electrons.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","when","it","eventually","decays","and","turns","into","iron",",","it","emits","two","positrons",",","antimatter","electrons","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And these two positrons find two electrons and annihilate them and themselves.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","these","two","positrons","find","two","electrons","and","annihilate","them","and","themselves","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Remember how the uncomfortable electrons produce the pressure to hold the star together?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":12,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Remember","how","the","uncomfortable","electrons","produce","the","pressure","to","hold","the","star","together","?"],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Destroying the electron means fewer friends to help them hold up the star.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Destroying","the","electron","means","fewer","friends","to","help","them","hold","up","the","star","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Losing an electron does not give them more space to scratch their butts, it just makes gravity squeeze harder, the walls closing in on those that remain.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":71,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Losing","an","electron","does","not","give","them","more","space","to","scratch","their","butts",",","it","just","makes","gravity","squeeze","harder",",","the","walls","closing","in","on","those","that","remain","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,37,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In the case of the most massive black dwarfs, this is catastrophic.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","the","case","of","the","most","massive","black","dwarfs",",","this","is","catastrophic","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Bit by bit, the black dwarf turns into a sphere of iron, and more electrons are annihilated.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Bit","by","bit",",","the","black","dwarf","turns","into","a","sphere","of","iron",",","and","more","electrons","are","annihilated","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"For at least 10 to the power of 1,000 years, almost but not quite forever,  there's no visible change in the entire universe.","spans":[{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":81,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":101,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":22,"token_start":20},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":26,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["For","at","least","10","to","the","power","of","1,000","years",",","almost","but","not","quite","forever",","," ","there","'s","no","visible","change","in","the","entire","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,3,25,1,2,2,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And then, finally, the last thing to ever happen, happens.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","then",",","finally",",","the","last","thing","to","ever","happen",",","happens","."],"tags":[0,13,0,13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,0,25,0]}
{"text":"The black dwarf has lost one too many electrons.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","black","dwarf","has","lost","one","too","many","electrons","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It can no longer support its immense mass and goes into an uncontrolled collapse, a supernova.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","can","no","longer","support","its","immense","mass","and","goes","into","an","uncontrolled","collapse",",","a","supernova","."],"tags":[1,15,13,14,19,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It first implodes, and then explodes as bright as a galaxy and fills the empty universe with light again.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","first","implodes",",","and","then","explodes","as","bright","as","a","galaxy","and","fills","the","empty","universe","with","light","again","."],"tags":[1,13,25,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"A beautiful moment nobody will get to enjoy.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","beautiful","moment","nobody","will","get","to","enjoy","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,15,17,18,19,0]}
{"text":"And then, as quickly as it began, it's all over.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","then",",","as","quickly","as","it","began",",","it","'s","all","over","."],"tags":[0,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"That was the last thing that will ever happen.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","was","the","last","thing","that","will","ever","happen","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The universe may now be truly dead.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","universe","may","now","be","truly","dead","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"But don't be bummed out about it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","do","n't","be","bummed","out","about","it","."],"tags":[0,15,37,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This is so far away in the future that forever hardly describes it.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","is","so","far","away","in","the","future","that","forever","hardly","describes","it","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Today, the universe is the best place it could be for us.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Today",",","the","universe","is","the","best","place","it","could","be","for","us","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And you can sleep tight tonight, knowing the last interesting thing that will ever happen is forever long away.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","you","can","sleep","tight","tonight",",","knowing","the","last","interesting","thing","that","will","ever","happen","is","forever","long","away","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,13,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Imagine the excitement of a trip to the museum or an amazing theme park, but delivered to your doorstep with everything you need neatly packed inside.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":148,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":26,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","the","excitement","of","a","trip","to","the","museum","or","an","amazing","theme","park",",","but","delivered","to","your","doorstep","with","everything","you","need","neatly","packed","inside","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There are different lines designed for kids of all ages and interests, so there's something for everyone.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["There","are","different","lines","designed","for","kids","of","all","ages","and","interests",",","so","there","'s","something","for","everyone","."],"tags":[3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Like us, KiwiCo spends a ridiculous amount of time on fine-tuning each crate.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Like","us",",","KiwiCo","spends","a","ridiculous","amount","of","time","on","fine","-","tuning","each","crate","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Every one of their 2,000 available projects took more than 1,000 hours to develop by experts and is tested by kids.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":70,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":96,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":93,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":97,"token_end":20,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Every","one","of","their","2,000","available","projects","took","more","than","1,000","hours","to","develop","by","experts","and","is","tested","by","kids","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,33,34,34,34,13,14,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We really liked the KiwiCo Tinker Crate line, which gives you a hands-on engineering project with all of the educational and instructional information you need to complete the project at home.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":190,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":33,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","really","liked","the","KiwiCo","Tinker","Crate","line",",","which","gives","you","a","hands","-","on","engineering","project","with","all","of","the","educational","and","instructional","information","you","need","to","complete","the","project","at","home","."],"tags":[1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We might also have decided to just keep some of them around the office and not hand the extras to any kids we know.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":114,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":23,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","might","also","have","decided","to","just","keep","some","of","them","around","the","office","and","not","hand","the","extras","to","any","kids","we","know","."],"tags":[1,15,13,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you want to try out KiwiCo and get the best deal, click on the link in the info box or use the code KURZFESAGT to get 50% off your first month.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":20,"token_start":14},{"end":88,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":87,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":90,"token_end":33,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","try","out","KiwiCo","and","get","the","best","deal",",","click","on","the","link","in","the","info","box","or","use","the","code","KURZFESAGT","to","get","50","%","off","your","first","month","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Or if you want to try it out first, they also offer individual crates in the KiwiCo store.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Or","if","you","want","to","try","it","out","first",",","they","also","offer","individual","crates","in","the","KiwiCo","store","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At Kurzgesagt, we love to spark curiosity.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["At","Kurzgesagt",",","we","love","to","spark","curiosity","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And we love to work with companies that share this goal.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","we","love","to","work","with","companies","that","share","this","goal","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The moons of Mars explained.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","moons","of","Mars","explained","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,0]}
{"text":"Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Mars","has","two","moons",",","Phobos","and","Deimos","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They are really tiny.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","really","tiny","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Although, tiny is a matter of opinion.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Although",",","tiny","is","a","matter","of","opinion","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Their surface areas are close to some of the smallest states on Earth, like Luxembourg and Malta.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Their","surface","areas","are","close","to","some","of","the","smallest","states","on","Earth",",","like","Luxembourg","and","Malta","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Although Phobos and Deimos are in no way lightweight, in reality their gravitational pull isn't even strong enough to bring them into spherical form,","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":90,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":94,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":92,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":147,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":25,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Although","Phobos","and","Deimos","are","in","no","way","lightweight",",","in","reality","their","gravitational","pull","is","n't","even","strong","enough","to","bring","them","into","spherical","form",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,1,2,2,21,37,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"so they look more like huge potatoes than moons.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["so","they","look","more","like","huge","potatoes","than","moons","."],"tags":[13,1,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The most popular theory of their origin is that they were once part of the asteroid belt until Jupiter's massive gravity kicked them out of it, so Mars could catch them.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":167,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":32,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","most","popular","theory","of","their","origin","is","that","they","were","once","part","of","the","asteroid","belt","until","Jupiter","'s","massive","gravity","kicked","them","out","of","it",",","so","Mars","could","catch","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Phobos orbits Mars at an average distance of 9,400 km once every 7.5 hours.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Phobos","orbits","Mars","at","an","average","distance","of","9,400","km","once","every","7.5","hours","."],"tags":[1,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's on a collision course and gets 2 meters closer to Mars every year.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","'s","on","a","collision","course","and","gets","2","meters","closer","to","Mars","every","year","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In 50 to 100 million years, it will either be ripped to pieces by Mars' gravity and be transformed into a beautiful ring, or it will crash into Mars.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":17,"token_start":14},{"end":83,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":84,"token_end":24,"token_start":19},{"end":124,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":122,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":125,"token_end":31,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["In","50","to","100","million","years",",","it","will","either","be","ripped","to","pieces","by","Mars","'","gravity","and","be","transformed","into","a","beautiful","ring",",","or","it","will","crash","into","Mars","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,15,29,13,14,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The energy released in this collision would kill everything on the small planet, so if there are humans on Mars by then, they should build very strong bunkers.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":83,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":158,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":84,"token_end":29,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","energy","released","in","this","collision","would","kill","everything","on","the","small","planet",",","so","if","there","are","humans","on","Mars","by","then",",","they","should","build","very","strong","bunkers","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Smaller Deimos, on the other hand, is slowly escaping Mars.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Smaller","Deimos",",","on","the","other","hand",",","is","slowly","escaping","Mars","."],"tags":[1,2,0,13,14,14,14,0,15,13,27,5,0]}
{"text":"Eventually, it will fly off into space and leave a lonely red planet behind.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Eventually",",","it","will","fly","off","into","space","and","leave","a","lonely","red","planet","behind","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,19,35,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So, in a few hundred million years, Mars will be moonless and on its own, unless it manages to catch itself another asteroid.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":25,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["So",",","in","a","few","hundred","million","years",",","Mars","will","be","moonless","and","on","its","own",",","unless","it","manages","to","catch","itself","another","asteroid","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Neutron stars are the densest things that are not black holes.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Neutron","stars","are","the","densest","things","that","are","not","black","holes","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In their cores, we might find the most dangerous substance in existence.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","their","cores",",","we","might","find","the","most","dangerous","substance","in","existence","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Or it could teach us about how the universe began.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Or","it","could","teach","us","about","how","the","universe","began","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To understand how extreme strange matter really is, we first need to get a few basics.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["To","understand","how","extreme","strange","matter","really","is",",","we","first","need","to","get","a","few","basics","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"What is a neutron star?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","is","a","neutron","star","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And how does strange matter break the rules of the universe?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","how","does","strange","matter","break","the","rules","of","the","universe","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To get all of this into one video, we'll grossly oversimplify a few things, but we'll provide you with further reading if you want more details.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":143,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":80,"token_end":29,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["To","get","all","of","this","into","one","video",",","we","'ll","grossly","oversimplify","a","few","things",",","but","we","'ll","provide","you","with","further","reading","if","you","want","more","details","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A neutron star is what remains after a very massive star explodes in a supernova.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","neutron","star","is","what","remains","after","a","very","massive","star","explodes","in","a","supernova","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"When this happens, the star's core collapses under its own gravity with such a strong inward force that it squeezes nuclei and particles together violently.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":26,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["When","this","happens",",","the","star","'s","core","collapses","under","its","own","gravity","with","such","a","strong","inward","force","that","it","squeezes","nuclei","and","particles","together","violently","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Electrons are pushed into protons, so they merge and turn into neutrons.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Electrons","are","pushed","into","protons",",","so","they","merge","and","turn","into","neutrons","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All the nothing inside of atoms is suddenly completely filled with particles that really don't want to be close to each other, but have no choice.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":27,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["All","the","nothing","inside","of","atoms","is","suddenly","completely","filled","with","particles","that","really","do","n't","want","to","be","close","to","each","other",",","but","have","no","choice","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They desperately push back against gravity, against the collapse.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["They","desperately","push","back","against","gravity",",","against","the","collapse","."],"tags":[1,13,31,32,13,14,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If gravity wins, they will become a black hole.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["If","gravity","wins",",","they","will","become","a","black","hole","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If they win, they become a neutron star.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["If","they","win",",","they","become","a","neutron","star","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This makes neutron stars like giant atomic nuclei the size of a city, but holding the mass of our sun.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","makes","neutron","stars","like","giant","atomic","nuclei","the","size","of","a","city",",","but","holding","the","mass","of","our","sun","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And here, things get weird.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","here",",","things","get","weird","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The environment in the core of neutron stars is so extreme that the rules of nuclear physics change.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","environment","in","the","core","of","neutron","stars","is","so","extreme","that","the","rules","of","nuclear","physics","change","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And this could lead to a strange and extremely dangerous substance.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","this","could","lead","to","a","strange","and","extremely","dangerous","substance","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But let's not get ahead of ourselves.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","let","'s","not","get","ahead","of","ourselves","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"We first need to know the rules before we learn how they can be broken.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","first","need","to","know","the","rules","before","we","learn","how","they","can","be","broken","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Protons and neutrons, the particles making up the nuclei of atoms, are made up of smaller particles called quarks.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":78,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":113,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":79,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Protons","and","neutrons",",","the","particles","making","up","the","nuclei","of","atoms",",","are","made","up","of","smaller","particles","called","quarks","."],"tags":[1,2,2,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,0,15,29,35,35,36,36,36,36,0]}
{"text":"Quarks really don't want to be alone.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Quarks","really","do","n't","want","to","be","alone","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They are what we call confined.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","what","we","call","confined","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You can try to separate them, but the harder you pull, the harder they try to pull themselves back together.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["You","can","try","to","separate","them",",","but","the","harder","you","pull",",","the","harder","they","try","to","pull","themselves","back","together","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you use a lot of energy, they just use this energy to create new quarks.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","use","a","lot","of","energy",",","they","just","use","this","energy","to","create","new","quarks","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Quarks only exist together as the building blocks of other particles and have never been observed by themselves.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":71,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Quarks","only","exist","together","as","the","building","blocks","of","other","particles","and","have","never","been","observed","by","themselves","."],"tags":[1,13,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They come in many types, but only two appear to make stable matter.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["They","come","in","many","types",",","but","only","two","appear","to","make","stable","matter","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The up and down quarks found in protons and neutrons.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","up","and","down","quarks","found","in","protons","and","neutrons","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All other quarks seem to decay away quickly.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","other","quarks","seem","to","decay","away","quickly","."],"tags":[1,2,2,17,18,19,35,13,0]}
{"text":"But this may be different inside neutron stars.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","this","may","be","different","inside","neutron","stars","."],"tags":[0,1,15,21,11,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The forces operating in their cores are so extreme that they are actually similar to the universe shortly after the Big Bang.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","forces","operating","in","their","cores","are","so","extreme","that","they","are","actually","similar","to","the","universe","shortly","after","the","Big","Bang","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Neutron star cores are like fossils, which can let us peer back in time to the beginning of everything.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":102,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Neutron","star","cores","are","like","fossils",",","which","can","let","us","peer","back","in","time","to","the","beginning","of","everything","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So learning how quarks behave inside a neutron star is a way of understanding the very nature of the universe itself.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":116,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","learning","how","quarks","behave","inside","a","neutron","star","is","a","way","of","understanding","the","very","nature","of","the","universe","itself","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"One hypothesis is that inside a neutron star core, protons and neutrons de-confine.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["One","hypothesis","is","that","inside","a","neutron","star","core",",","protons","and","neutrons","de","-","confine","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"All the particles crammed shoulder to shoulder dissolve and melt into a sort of bath of quarks.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["All","the","particles","crammed","shoulder","to","shoulder","dissolve","and","melt","into","a","sort","of","bath","of","quarks","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Uncountable numbers of particles become one giant thing made purely from quarks.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Uncountable","numbers","of","particles","become","one","giant","thing","made","purely","from","quarks","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A star made from this is called a quark star, though from the outside it may not look any different than a regular neutron star.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":25,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["A","star","made","from","this","is","called","a","quark","star",",","though","from","the","outside","it","may","not","look","any","different","than","a","regular","neutron","star","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Now we can finally talk about the most dangerous substance.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Now","we","can","finally","talk","about","the","most","dangerous","substance","."],"tags":[13,1,15,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If the pressure inside a quark star is great enough, it may get stranger.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","the","pressure","inside","a","quark","star","is","great","enough",",","it","may","get","stranger","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"In the cores of neutron stars, some of the quarks may be converted into strange quarks.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","the","cores","of","neutron","stars",",","some","of","the","quarks","may","be","converted","into","strange","quarks","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Strange quarks have bizarre nuclear properties, and they are heavier, and for the lack of a better word, stronger.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Strange","quarks","have","bizarre","nuclear","properties",",","and","they","are","heavier",",","and","for","the","lack","of","a","better","word",",","stronger","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If they turn up, they could create strange matter.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","they","turn","up",",","they","could","create","strange","matter","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Strange matter might be the ideal state of matter.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Strange","matter","might","be","the","ideal","state","of","matter","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If this is the case, we have a problem.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","this","is","the","case",",","we","have","a","problem","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"It might be infectious.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","might","be","infectious","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Every piece of matter it touches might be so impressed by its stability that it would immediately turn it into strange matter too.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Every","piece","of","matter","it","touches","might","be","so","impressed","by","its","stability","that","it","would","immediately","turn","it","into","strange","matter","too","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,13,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Protons and neutrons would dissolve and become part of the quark bath which frees energy and creates more strange matter.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Protons","and","neutrons","would","dissolve","and","become","part","of","the","quark","bath","which","frees","energy","and","creates","more","strange","matter","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The only way to get rid of it would be to throw it into a black hole.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","only","way","to","get","rid","of","it","would","be","to","throw","it","into","a","black","hole","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But then again, who cares?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","then","again",",","who","cares","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,25,0]}
{"text":"All of it is inside neutron stars.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["All","of","it","is","inside","neutron","stars","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"they spew out tremendous amounts of their insides, some of which could include little droplets of strange matter called strangelets.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":131,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["they","spew","out","tremendous","amounts","of","their","insides",",","some","of","which","could","include","little","droplets","of","strange","matter","called","strangelets","."],"tags":[1,19,35,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Strangelets are as dense as the core of a neutron star.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Strangelets","are","as","dense","as","the","core","of","a","neutron","star","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They could be really small, maybe even subatomic, but even the largest strangelets wouldn't be any bigger than a rocket.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["They","could","be","really","small",",","maybe","even","subatomic",",","but","even","the","largest","strangelets","would","n't","be","any","bigger","than","a","rocket","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"These strangelets would drift through the galaxy for millions or billions of years until they meet a star or planet by chance.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["These","strangelets","would","drift","through","the","galaxy","for","millions","or","billions","of","years","until","they","meet","a","star","or","planet","by","chance","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If one were to strike Earth, it would immediately start converting it into strange matter.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","one","were","to","strike","Earth",",","it","would","immediately","start","converting","it","into","strange","matter","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The more it converts, the more it would grow.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","more","it","converts",",","the","more","it","would","grow","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,1,15,19,0]}
{"text":"Ultimately, all of the atoms making up Earth would be converted.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Ultimately",",","all","of","the","atoms","making","up","Earth","would","be","converted","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"Earth would become a hot clump of strange matter the size of an asteroid.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Earth","would","become","a","hot","clump","of","strange","matter","the","size","of","an","asteroid","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If a strangelet strikes the Sun, it would collapse into a strange star, eating through it like fire through a dry forest.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","a","strangelet","strikes","the","Sun",",","it","would","collapse","into","a","strange","star",",","eating","through","it","like","fire","through","a","dry","forest","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This would not change the Sun's mass much, but it would become way less bright, so Earth would freeze to death.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["This","would","not","change","the","Sun","'s","mass","much",",","but","it","would","become","way","less","bright",",","so","Earth","would","freeze","to","death","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And like a tiny virus, we'd have no way to see a strangelet coming.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","like","a","tiny","virus",",","we","'d","have","no","way","to","see","a","strangelet","coming","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Worse still, some theories suggest strangelets are more than common, outnumbering all stars in the galaxy.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Worse","still",",","some","theories","suggest","strangelets","are","more","than","common",",","outnumbering","all","stars","in","the","galaxy","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"These strangelets could have formed very early after the Big Bang, when it was as hot and dense as a neutron star core everywhere.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":24,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["These","strangelets","could","have","formed","very","early","after","the","Big","Bang",",","when","it","was","as","hot","and","dense","as","a","neutron","star","core","everywhere","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,13,14,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They might be clumping around the gravity of galaxies as the universe expanded and evolved.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","might","be","clumping","around","the","gravity","of","galaxies","as","the","universe","expanded","and","evolved","."],"tags":[1,15,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Strangelets could even be so numerous and massive that they might actually be the dark matter we suspect holds galaxies together.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Strangelets","could","even","be","so","numerous","and","massive","that","they","might","actually","be","the","dark","matter","we","suspect","holds","galaxies","together","."],"tags":[1,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is speculation, and the Earth and Sun and planets haven't been consumed in a wildfire of strangelets in the past few billion years,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":135,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":25,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","is","speculation",",","and","the","Earth","and","Sun","and","planets","have","n't","been","consumed","in","a","wildfire","of","strangelets","in","the","past","few","billion","years",","],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"so the odds seem good that it won't happen any time soon.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["so","the","odds","seem","good","that","it","wo","n't","happen","any","time","soon","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Understanding these strange objects today may be the key to understanding the birth of our universe and why it grew to look the way it does now.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":142,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":26,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Understanding","these","strange","objects","today","may","be","the","key","to","understanding","the","birth","of","our","universe","and","why","it","grew","to","look","the","way","it","does","now","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"When scientists first started playing with magnets and wires and thinking about electrons, they had no idea how technology would evolve in the next hundred years.","spans":[{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":95,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":99,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":96,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":107,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":100,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":161,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":108,"token_end":26,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["When","scientists","first","started","playing","with","magnets","and","wires","and","thinking","about","electrons",",","they","had","no","idea","how","technology","would","evolve","in","the","next","hundred","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,35,36,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The scientists thinking about the cores of neutron stars and strange matter today may be setting up humans for a future beyond our wildest imaginations.","spans":[{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":86,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":99,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":151,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["The","scientists","thinking","about","the","cores","of","neutron","stars","and","strange","matter","today","may","be","setting","up","humans","for","a","future","beyond","our","wildest","imaginations","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,31,32,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Time will tell.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Time","will","tell","."],"tags":[1,15,19,0]}
{"text":"So while you're waiting to see if the universe gets destroyed, you might still want to find out more about it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":79,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["So","while","you","'re","waiting","to","see","if","the","universe","gets","destroyed",",","you","might","still","want","to","find","out","more","about","it","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We've got you.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'ve","got","you","."],"tags":[1,15,23,5,0]}
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{"text":"Each problem gives you all the tools you need to crack complex topics all by yourself.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Each","problem","gives","you","all","the","tools","you","need","to","crack","complex","topics","all","by","yourself","."],"tags":[1,2,25,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"It's learning by doing, but with your brain instead of your hands.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","learning","by","doing",",","but","with","your","brain","instead","of","your","hands","."],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Use your curiosity to get to the bottom of puzzles and courses about things like classical mechanics, astronomy, gravitational physics and much more.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":148,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":24,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Use","your","curiosity","to","get","to","the","bottom","of","puzzles","and","courses","about","things","like","classical","mechanics",",","astronomy",",","gravitational","physics","and","much","more","."],"tags":[19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you click the link in the description or visit brilliant.org\/nutshell, you can sign up for free and learn more things than you can imagine.","spans":[{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":102,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":99,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":141,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":103,"token_end":25,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","you","click","the","link","in","the","description","or","visit","brilliant.org\/nutshell",",","you","can","sign","up","for","free","and","learn","more","things","than","you","can","imagine","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And there's an extra perk for Kurzgesagt viewers.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","'s","an","extra","perk","for","Kurzgesagt","viewers","."],"tags":[0,3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The first 688 people to use the link get 20% off their annual membership, which lets you view all the daily problems in the archives and unlock every course.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","first","688","people","to","use","the","link","get","20","%","off","their","annual","membership",",","which","lets","you","view","all","the","daily","problems","in","the","archives","and","unlock","every","course","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Brilliant helps you end your day a little smarter.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Brilliant","helps","you","end","your","day","a","little","smarter","."],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"You might get hooked on the experience.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","might","get","hooked","on","the","experience","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"GMOs are one of the most controversial areas of science.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["GMOs","are","one","of","the","most","controversial","areas","of","science","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Genetic engineering is used in many fields, but even though medical applications like GM insulin are widely accepted, the debate heats up when it comes to food and agriculture.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":175,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":30,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Genetic","engineering","is","used","in","many","fields",",","but","even","though","medical","applications","like","GM","insulin","are","widely","accepted",",","the","debate","heats","up","when","it","comes","to","food","and","agriculture","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Why is that? Why is the same thing treated so differently?","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Why","is","that","?","Why","is","the","same","thing","treated","so","differently","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,0,13,15,1,2,2,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's try to get to the bottom of this and explore the facts, the fears and the future of GMOs.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":94,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","try","to","get","to","the","bottom","of","this","and","explore","the","facts",",","the","fears","and","the","future","of","GMOs","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Humans have been genetically modifying plants and animals for thousands of years.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Humans","have","been","genetically","modifying","plants","and","animals","for","thousands","of","years","."],"tags":[1,15,15,13,27,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Maybe a few of your crops had very good yields, maybe one of your wolves was especially loyal.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Maybe","a","few","of","your","crops","had","very","good","yields",",","maybe","one","of","your","wolves","was","especially","loyal","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So you did the smart thing and bred the plants and animals that had traits beneficial to you.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","you","did","the","smart","thing","and","bred","the","plants","and","animals","that","had","traits","beneficial","to","you","."],"tags":[13,1,23,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Traits are just an expression of genes.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Traits","are","just","an","expression","of","genes","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So with each generation, those genes got more pronounced.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","with","each","generation",",","those","genes","got","more","pronounced","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"After thousands of years, almost every single plant and animal around us is vastly different from its pre-domesticated state.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":74,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":123,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["After","thousands","of","years",",","almost","every","single","plant","and","animal","around","us","is","vastly","different","from","its","pre","-","domesticated","state","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If humans have been changing genes for millennia, what makes a so-called genetically modified organism or GMO different?","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":19,"token_start":11},{"end":119,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":20,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","humans","have","been","changing","genes","for","millennia",",","what","makes","a","so","-","called","genetically","modified","organism","or","GMO","different","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,33,0]}
{"text":"Selective breeding is basically hoping for lucky hits.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Selective","breeding","is","basically","hoping","for","lucky","hits","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,27,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Genetic engineering eliminates this factor.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Genetic","engineering","eliminates","this","factor","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"We can choose the traits we want, make fruit grow bigger, immune to pests and so on.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","can","choose","the","traits","we","want",",","make","fruit","grow","bigger",",","immune","to","pests","and","so","on","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So why are people concerned about them?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","why","are","people","concerned","about","them","?"],"tags":[13,13,21,1,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's start with one of the most common objections to GMOs.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","start","with","one","of","the","most","common","objections","to","GMOs","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"There is a method that might guarantee complete prevention but is a big anti-GMO argument by itself.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","a","method","that","might","guarantee","complete","prevention","but","is","a","big","anti","-","GMO","argument","by","itself","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The idea is that they could produce sterile plants requiring farmers to buy new seeds every year.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","idea","is","that","they","could","produce","sterile","plants","requiring","farmers","to","buy","new","seeds","every","year","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The very concept of this, however, caused a public outcry, stopping the technology being put to use.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","very","concept","of","this",",","however",",","caused","a","public","outcry",",","stopping","the","technology","being","put","to","use","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,0,13,0,23,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This brings us back to the unintentional spreading of engineered DNA.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","brings","us","back","to","the","unintentional","spreading","of","engineered","DNA","."],"tags":[1,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There have been cases of GMOs growing where they weren't planted and traces of modified genes found in foreign crops.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":116,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","have","been","cases","of","GMOs","growing","where","they","were","n't","planted","and","traces","of","modified","genes","found","in","foreign","crops","."],"tags":[3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But GM plants can't run wild entirely.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","GM","plants","ca","n't","run","wild","entirely","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,37,19,13,13,0]}
{"text":"Many crops pollinate themselves, and all crops have to be related to mingle.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Many","crops","pollinate","themselves",",","and","all","crops","have","to","be","related","to","mingle","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There are also cultural methods like buffer zones to keep unintentional crossing at a minimum.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","are","also","cultural","methods","like","buffer","zones","to","keep","unintentional","crossing","at","a","minimum","."],"tags":[3,19,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But if it's possible in principle that a GMO could unintentionally cross with a non-GMO, there's actually a more important question.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":17,"token_start":1},{"end":93,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":95,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":94,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":130,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":25,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["But","if","it","'s","possible","in","principle","that","a","GMO","could","unintentionally","cross","with","a","non","-","GMO",",","there","'s","actually","a","more","important","question","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,25,13,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Is food that comes from GM crops different to food from non-GM crops?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Is","food","that","comes","from","GM","crops","different","to","food","from","non","-","GM","crops","?"],"tags":[21,1,2,2,2,2,2,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This question has been a major concern from the very beginning.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","question","has","been","a","major","concern","from","the","very","beginning","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"GM plants that are destined to be eaten are checked for possible dangers and the results are evaluated by multiple agencies.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":76,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["GM","plants","that","are","destined","to","be","eaten","are","checked","for","possible","dangers","and","the","results","are","evaluated","by","multiple","agencies","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"After more than 30 years and thousands of studies, the science is in.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["After","more","than","30","years","and","thousands","of","studies",",","the","science","is","in","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Eating GMO plants is no more risky than their non-GMO equivalent.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Eating","GMO","plants","is","no","more","risky","than","their","non","-","GMO","equivalent","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But don't just take our word for it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","do","n't","just","take","our","word","for","it","."],"tags":[0,15,37,13,19,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Sources for this and other claims are in the video description.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Sources","for","this","and","other","claims","are","in","the","video","description","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A gene borrowed from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis lets engineered plants produce a protein that destroys the digestive system of specific insect pests.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":58,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":158,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["A","gene","borrowed","from","the","bacterium","Bacillus","thuringiensis","lets","engineered","plants","produce","a","protein","that","destroys","the","digestive","system","of","specific","insect","pests","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The plant makes its own pesticide.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","plant","makes","its","own","pesticide","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Insects that eat it die.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Insects","that","eat","it","die","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,0]}
{"text":"That sounds alarming.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","sounds","alarming","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Pesticide sprays can be washed off,","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Pesticide","sprays","can","be","washed","off",","],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,35,0]}
{"text":"while the poison in Bt crops is inside the plant.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["while","the","poison","in","Bt","crops","is","inside","the","plant","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But actually, it's not a big deal.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","actually",",","it","'s","not","a","big","deal","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Poison is really just a question of different perspectives.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Poison","is","really","just","a","question","of","different","perspectives","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"What's harmless to one species might kill another.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["What","'s","harmless","to","one","species","might","kill","another","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Coffee, for example, is a poison that kills insects but is harmless to us.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Coffee",",","for","example",",","is","a","poison","that","kills","insects","but","is","harmless","to","us","."],"tags":[1,0,13,14,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's dangerous for dogs but a pleasure for humans.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","dangerous","for","dogs","but","a","pleasure","for","humans","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Bt crops produce a protein that is tailored to the specific design of the digestive tract of certain insects.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Bt","crops","produce","a","protein","that","is","tailored","to","the","specific","design","of","the","digestive","tract","of","certain","insects","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's completely harmless for us.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","completely","harmless","for","us","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There's also the opposite approach.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","'s","also","the","opposite","approach","."],"tags":[3,21,13,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This way, farmers can use them widely,","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","way",",","farmers","can","use","them","widely",","],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,19,5,13,0]}
{"text":"Here we get to the dark underbelly of GMOs.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Here","we","get","to","the","dark","underbelly","of","GMOs","."],"tags":[13,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For the pesticide industry, they are big business.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["For","the","pesticide","industry",",","they","are","big","business","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Over 90% of all cash crops in the US are herbicide resistant, mostly to glyphosate.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Over","90","%","of","all","cash","crops","in","the","US","are","herbicide","resistant",",","mostly","to","glyphosate","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As a result, the use of glyphosate has increased greatly.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["As","a","result",",","the","use","of","glyphosate","has","increased","greatly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,13,0]}
{"text":"That isn't only bad.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["That","is","n't","only","bad","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Glyphosate is much less harmful to humans than many other herbicides.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Glyphosate","is","much","less","harmful","to","humans","than","many","other","herbicides","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Still, this means farmers have a strong incentive to rely on this one method only,","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Still",",","this","means","farmers","have","a","strong","incentive","to","rely","on","this","one","method","only",","],"tags":[13,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That's one of the most fundamental problems with the GMO debate.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","one","of","the","most","fundamental","problems","with","the","GMO","debate","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Much of the criticism of this technology is actually criticism of modern agriculture and the business practice of the huge corporations that control our food supply.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":163,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":25,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Much","of","the","criticism","of","this","technology","is","actually","criticism","of","modern","agriculture","and","the","business","practice","of","the","huge","corporations","that","control","our","food","supply","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We need to change agriculture to a more sustainable model.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","to","change","agriculture","to","a","more","sustainable","model","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"GMOs as a technology are actually an ally and not an enemy in that fight, helping to save and protect nature and minimize our impact on the environment.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":14,"token_start":6},{"end":150,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":28,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["GMOs","as","a","technology","are","actually","an","ally","and","not","an","enemy","in","that","fight",",","helping","to","save","and","protect","nature","and","minimize","our","impact","on","the","environment","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's look at some positive examples.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","look","at","some","positive","examples","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Eggplant is an important crop in Bangladesh, but often whole harvests are destroyed by pests.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Eggplant","is","an","important","crop","in","Bangladesh",",","but","often","whole","harvests","are","destroyed","by","pests","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Farmers had to rely heavily on pesticides.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Farmers","had","to","rely","heavily","on","pesticides","."],"tags":[1,17,18,19,13,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Not only was this very expensive, farmers also frequently got sick.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Not","only","was","this","very","expensive",",","farmers","also","frequently","got","sick","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,13,13,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The introduction of a new GM eggplant in 2013 stopped this.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","introduction","of","a","new","GM","eggplant","in","2013","stopped","this","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,0]}
{"text":"The same Bt protein we talked about before, an effective killer of insects, but harmless to humans, was engineered into them.","spans":[{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":18,"token_start":0},{"end":103,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":100,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":114,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":104,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":115,"token_end":23,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["The","same","Bt","protein","we","talked","about","before",",","an","effective","killer","of","insects",",","but","harmless","to","humans",",","was","engineered","into","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"This reduced insecticide use on eggplants by more than 80%.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","reduced","insecticide","use","on","eggplants","by","more","than","80","%","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The health of farmers improved and their income rose dramatically.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","health","of","farmers","improved","and","their","income","rose","dramatically","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And sometimes a GM approach is the only option.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","sometimes","a","GM","approach","is","the","only","option","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In the 1990s, the papaya industry in Hawaii was under attack from the ring spot virus, which threatened to wipe out Hawaiian papaya.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","the","1990s",",","the","papaya","industry","in","Hawaii","was","under","attack","from","the","ring","spot","virus",",","which","threatened","to","wipe","out","Hawaiian","papaya","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The solution was a papaya genetically modified to be vaccinated against the virus.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","solution","was","a","papaya","genetically","modified","to","be","vaccinated","against","the","virus","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Without it, the state's papaya industry would have collapsed.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Without","it",",","the","state","'s","papaya","industry","would","have","collapsed","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"All these stories show a very narrow application.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["All","these","stories","show","a","very","narrow","application","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"99% of all GMOs we use right now produce pesticides or are resistant against them.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":80,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["99","%","of","all","GMOs","we","use","right","now","produce","pesticides","or","are","resistant","against","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"There is so much more we could do.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","so","much","more","we","could","do","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Scientists are working on GMOs that could improve our diet.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Scientists","are","working","on","GMOs","that","could","improve","our","diet","."],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"On a larger scale, we're trying to engineer plants that are more resilient to climate change.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["On","a","larger","scale",",","we","'re","trying","to","engineer","plants","that","are","more","resilient","to","climate","change","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"GMOs could also not only reduce agriculture's impact on the environment, but actively help to protect it.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["GMOs","could","also","not","only","reduce","agriculture","'s","impact","on","the","environment",",","but","actively","help","to","protect","it","."],"tags":[1,15,13,0,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Scientists are working on crops that can draw nitrogen from the air like microbes.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Scientists","are","working","on","crops","that","can","draw","nitrogen","from","the","air","like","microbes","."],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Nitrogen is a common fertilizer, but its buildup pollutes the groundwater and speeds up climate change.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Nitrogen","is","a","common","fertilizer",",","but","its","buildup","pollutes","the","groundwater","and","speeds","up","climate","change","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Plants that collect their own nitrogen could fix two problems at once.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Plants","that","collect","their","own","nitrogen","could","fix","two","problems","at","once","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"We could even modify plants to become super effective carbon collectors like the American chestnut tree, to mitigate and actually reverse climate change.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":5},{"end":151,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["We","could","even","modify","plants","to","become","super","effective","carbon","collectors","like","the","American","chestnut","tree",",","to","mitigate","and","actually","reverse","climate","change","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"With the tools we have today, our imagination is the limit.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["With","the","tools","we","have","today",",","our","imagination","is","the","limit","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The world eats 11 million pounds of food every day.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","world","eats","11","million","pounds","of","food","every","day","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"A UN estimate suggests we'll need 70% more by 2050.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","UN","estimate","suggests","we","'ll","need","70","%","more","by","2050","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We could grow that food by clearing more and more forests to create fields and pastures, and by using more pesticides.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","could","grow","that","food","by","clearing","more","and","more","forests","to","create","fields","and","pastures",",","and","by","using","more","pesticides","."],"tags":[1,15,21,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Or we find a way to do it on the land we've got right now, with more effective methods like GM crops.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":23,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Or","we","find","a","way","to","do","it","on","the","land","we","'ve","got","right","now",",","with","more","effective","methods","like","GM","crops","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Intensifying farming instead of expanding it, means GMOs could become the new organic.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Intensifying","farming","instead","of","expanding","it",",","means","GMOs","could","become","the","new","organic","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,0,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, GMOs have the potential to not only drastically change agriculture, but to also dampen the effects of our own irresponsible behavior.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":146,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":25,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","GMOs","have","the","potential","to","not","only","drastically","change","agriculture",",","but","to","also","dampen","the","effects","of","our","own","irresponsible","behavior","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"GMOs could be our most powerful weapon to save our biosphere.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["GMOs","could","be","our","most","powerful","weapon","to","save","our","biosphere","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This video took more than 600 hours to make, which would be impossible without viewer support on Patreon.com.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","video","took","more","than","600","hours","to","make",",","which","would","be","impossible","without","viewer","support","on","Patreon.com","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"If you'd like to support carefully researched content made with love, it's really very helpful, and you can get your own bird as a reward.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":17,"token_start":15},{"end":99,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":96,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":137,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":100,"token_end":28,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","you","'d","like","to","support","carefully","researched","content","made","with","love",",","it","'s","really","very","helpful",",","and","you","can","get","your","own","bird","as","a","reward","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you want to learn more about genetic modification, we have more videos explaining the opportunities and risks of the technology, and how it could impact our future.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":165,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":29,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","learn","more","about","genetic","modification",",","we","have","more","videos","explaining","the","opportunities","and","risks","of","the","technology",",","and","how","it","could","impact","our","future","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A breathtaking scientific revolution is taking place.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","breathtaking","scientific","revolution","is","taking","place","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,31,32,0]}
{"text":"Biotechnology has been progressing at stunning speed, giving us the tools to eventually gain control over biology.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Biotechnology","has","been","progressing","at","stunning","speed",",","giving","us","the","tools","to","eventually","gain","control","over","biology","."],"tags":[1,15,15,27,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What's going on?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","'s","going","on","?"],"tags":[1,15,31,32,0]}
{"text":"Biotechnology is increasingly everywhere.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Biotechnology","is","increasingly","everywhere","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,0]}
{"text":"Humans manipulate living things.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Humans","manipulate","living","things","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"We use bacteria to produce insulin, connect prosthetics directly with our brains, and make industrial enzymes to produce paper.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","use","bacteria","to","produce","insulin",",","connect","prosthetics","directly","with","our","brains",",","and","make","industrial","enzymes","to","produce","paper","."],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Gene therapy creates cures to previously untreatable diseases, while we're working on food crops resistant to climate change.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Gene","therapy","creates","cures","to","previously","untreatable","diseases",",","while","we","'re","working","on","food","crops","resistant","to","climate","change","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our mastery over biology has been speeding up so much that within weeks of the first COVID-19 case, the unknown coronavirus was broken down in laboratories and analyzed.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":168,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":28,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Our","mastery","over","biology","has","been","speeding","up","so","much","that","within","weeks","of","the","first","COVID-19","case",",","the","unknown","coronavirus","was","broken","down","in","laboratories","and","analyzed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,15,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Scientists generated a copy of its genetic material to create a vaccine that was ready for testing months after the pandemic began.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Scientists","generated","a","copy","of","its","genetic","material","to","create","a","vaccine","that","was","ready","for","testing","months","after","the","pandemic","began","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Where is all this sudden progress coming from?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Where","is","all","this","sudden","progress","coming","from","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,2,2,2,31,32,0]}
{"text":"Well, it's complicated.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Well",",","it","'s","complicated","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"But in a nutshell, really expensive things got cheap, and knowledge of how to do impressive things spread freely.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":112,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","in","a","nutshell",",","really","expensive","things","got","cheap",",","and","knowledge","of","how","to","do","impressive","things","spread","freely","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The Human Genome Project, starting in 1990, was the first major attempt to read human DNA in its entirety.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":104,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","Human","Genome","Project",",","starting","in","1990",",","was","the","first","major","attempt","to","read","human","DNA","in","its","entirety","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,0,13,14,14,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Thirteen years and three billion dollars later, it was complete.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Thirteen","years","and","three","billion","dollars","later",",","it","was","complete","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"By then, the cost of decoding a human genome had fallen to about 100 million dollars.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["By","then",",","the","cost","of","decoding","a","human","genome","had","fallen","to","about","100","million","dollars","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Today, it's 100,000 times cheaper, costing only about a thousand dollars.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Today",",","it","'s","100,000","times","cheaper",",","costing","only","about","a","thousand","dollars","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"How is that possible?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["How","is","that","possible","?"],"tags":[13,21,1,11,0]}
{"text":"Converting DNA into computer data and then studying it used to be a super tedious process, taking expert humans around three years of manual work.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Converting","DNA","into","computer","data","and","then","studying","it","used","to","be","a","super","tedious","process",",","taking","expert","humans","around","three","years","of","manual","work","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,17,18,21,11,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Today, it takes about two weeks and is almost completely automated.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Today",",","it","takes","about","two","weeks","and","is","almost","completely","automated","."],"tags":[0,0,1,25,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Biotechnology has gone from something restricted to the best and well-funded laboratories, staffed by the world's top experts,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":21,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Biotechnology","has","gone","from","something","restricted","to","the","best","and","well","-","funded","laboratories",",","staffed","by","the","world","'s","top","experts",","],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What sped up the process even more is that information in the field is shared widely and freely.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["What","sped","up","the","process","even","more","is","that","information","in","the","field","is","shared","widely","and","freely","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Cutting-edge discoveries now take just about a year to be copied in laboratories around the world,","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Cutting","-","edge","discoveries","now","take","just","about","a","year","to","be","copied","in","laboratories","around","the","world",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Imagine that your local computer repair shop could build a pristine iPhone 11 with just the parts lying around, and that teenagers are asked to build a new iPhone 5 for homework.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":177,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":32,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","that","your","local","computer","repair","shop","could","build","a","pristine","iPhone","11","with","just","the","parts","lying","around",",","and","that","teenagers","are","asked","to","build","a","new","iPhone","5","for","homework","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is what's going on right now in biotechnology, a true revolution.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","what","'s","going","on","right","now","in","biotechnology",",","a","true","revolution","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We are adding knowledge at unprecedented rates, while things get ever faster and cheaper to do.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","are","adding","knowledge","at","unprecedented","rates",",","while","things","get","ever","faster","and","cheaper","to","do","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This speed means we can expect even more wonderful things for humanity.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","speed","means","we","can","expect","even","more","wonderful","things","for","humanity","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But, unfortunately, progress cuts both ways.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But",",","unfortunately",",","progress","cuts","both","ways","."],"tags":[0,0,13,0,1,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"What can be used for good can also be used for bad, by accident or on purpose.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["What","can","be","used","for","good","can","also","be","used","for","bad",",","by","accident","or","on","purpose","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,15,29,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For all the good biotech will do for us, in the near future it also could easily kill many millions of people, in the worst case, hundreds of millions.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":81,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":22,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["For","all","the","good","biotech","will","do","for","us",",","in","the","near","future","it","also","could","easily","kill","many","millions","of","people",",","in","the","worst","case",",","hundreds","of","millions","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,1,13,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The world just witnessed how fast the novel coronavirus spread.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","world","just","witnessed","how","fast","the","novel","coronavirus","spread","."],"tags":[1,2,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We still don't know for sure if it came from nature, or was the result of an accidental leak from a lab working with coronaviruses.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":130,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":26,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","still","do","n't","know","for","sure","if","it","came","from","nature",",","or","was","the","result","of","an","accidental","leak","from","a","lab","working","with","coronaviruses","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,19,13,14,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That's still subject to scientific debate.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["That","'s","still","subject","to","scientific","debate","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In the end, at least 7 million people died.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","at","least","7","million","people","died","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,23,0]}
{"text":"And this was still a relatively mild virus that didn't cause serious disease in most of those infected.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","this","was","still","a","relatively","mild","virus","that","did","n't","cause","serious","disease","in","most","of","those","infected","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But that might change in the future.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","that","might","change","in","the","future","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Wherever the last pandemic came from, the next one might very well be our own fault.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Wherever","the","last","pandemic","came","from",",","the","next","one","might","very","well","be","our","own","fault","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,13,14,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In a sense, many things going on in biotechnology could lead to this.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","a","sense",",","many","things","going","on","in","biotechnology","could","lead","to","this","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Most of all, how easy it is to work with dangerous viruses.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Most","of","all",",","how","easy","it","is","to","work","with","dangerous","viruses","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,11,12,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Thousands of scientists can simply order the genetic data of infectious virus samples online to experiment with them.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Thousands","of","scientists","can","simply","order","the","genetic","data","of","infectious","virus","samples","online","to","experiment","with","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Assembling these into an artificial virus in 2023 costs about as much as a new car, including all the lab equipment.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Assembling","these","into","an","artificial","virus","in","2023","costs","about","as","much","as","a","new","car",",","including","all","the","lab","equipment","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"At the same time, other scientists are trying to find viruses that hide in nature, like in wild bats or monkeys.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["At","the","same","time",",","other","scientists","are","trying","to","find","viruses","that","hide","in","nature",",","like","in","wild","bats","or","monkeys","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There are probably plenty of potentially deadly pandemics out there.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["There","are","probably","plenty","of","potentially","deadly","pandemics","out","there","."],"tags":[3,19,13,1,2,2,2,2,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Virus hunters take samples back to the lab to learn whether the newly discovered viruses are likely to spread in humans, and catalogue the danger.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":25,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Virus","hunters","take","samples","back","to","the","lab","to","learn","whether","the","newly","discovered","viruses","are","likely","to","spread","in","humans",",","and","catalogue","the","danger","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When a biologist discovers a new virus, they usually publish its genetic data to the public.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["When","a","biologist","discovers","a","new","virus",",","they","usually","publish","its","genetic","data","to","the","public","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Journals are eager to share descriptions of potentially dangerous viruses.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Journals","are","eager","to","share","descriptions","of","potentially","dangerous","viruses","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Other labs go further and make viruses more dangerous.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Other","labs","go","further","and","make","viruses","more","dangerous","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They combine and mutate different viruses to understand which mutations make them more likely to spread between humans or make them deadlier than their original forms.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":165,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":17,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","combine","and","mutate","different","viruses","to","understand","which","mutations","make","them","more","likely","to","spread","between","humans","or","make","them","deadlier","than","their","original","forms","."],"tags":[1,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And again, these results are shared freely.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","again",",","these","results","are","shared","freely","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,15,29,13,0]}
{"text":"All while synthetic DNA and equipment to rebuild these viruses are sold online to anyone without any or very little tracking.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["All","while","synthetic","DNA","and","equipment","to","rebuild","these","viruses","are","sold","online","to","anyone","without","any","or","very","little","tracking","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As the tools of biotechnology get ever cheaper and easy to use, and the data on dangerous viruses keeps multiplying,","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":67,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":115,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["As","the","tools","of","biotechnology","get","ever","cheaper","and","easy","to","use",",","and","the","data","on","dangerous","viruses","keeps","multiplying",","],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"it's only a matter of time before a well-meaning scientist shares blueprints for the equivalent nuclear bomb of viruses, a superbug that will cause millions of deaths.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":165,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":30,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["it","'s","only","a","matter","of","time","before","a","well","-","meaning","scientist","shares","blueprints","for","the","equivalent","nuclear","bomb","of","viruses",",","a","superbug","that","will","cause","millions","of","deaths","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And someone uses it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","someone","uses","it","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,0]}
{"text":"We're creating an environment in which it's increasingly easy for anyone to create a weaponised virus in their backyard.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'re","creating","an","environment","in","which","it","'s","increasingly","easy","for","anyone","to","create","a","weaponised","virus","in","their","backyard","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is scary.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","scary","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The world would be plunged into an unending crisis as new pandemics pop up year after year or all at once,","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","world","would","be","plunged","into","an","unending","crisis","as","new","pandemics","pop","up","year","after","year","or","all","at","once",","],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What can we do?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","can","we","do","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"It's not the first time we've faced a challenge like this, and we are not helpless.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":12,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","the","first","time","we","'ve","faced","a","challenge","like","this",",","and","we","are","not","helpless","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Think of nuclear technology.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Think","of","nuclear","technology","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Nuclear energy was born from weapon programmes, so its creators were always aware of the potential for their knowledge to be abused.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":131,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Nuclear","energy","was","born","from","weapon","programmes",",","so","its","creators","were","always","aware","of","the","potential","for","their","knowledge","to","be","abused","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"From the very beginning, it was clear that knowledge in this field and access to the technology needed to be handled with utmost care.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":133,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":24,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["From","the","very","beginning",",","it","was","clear","that","knowledge","in","this","field","and","access","to","the","technology","needed","to","be","handled","with","utmost","care","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"So a lot of effort has gone into making sure no radioactive material disappears from sight, or that countries don't try to hide weapons development behind energy programmes.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":172,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":29,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","a","lot","of","effort","has","gone","into","making","sure","no","radioactive","material","disappears","from","sight",",","or","that","countries","do","n't","try","to","hide","weapons","development","behind","energy","programmes","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The result hasn't been perfect, but considering the 411 nuclear power stations running today, we've been very successful.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","result","has","n't","been","perfect",",","but","considering","the","411","nuclear","power","stations","running","today",",","we","'ve","been","very","successful","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There's no reason we couldn't handle the really dangerous aspects of biotechnology in a similar way.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","no","reason","we","could","n't","handle","the","really","dangerous","aspects","of","biotechnology","in","a","similar","way","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Experts have come up with three sort of bullet points.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Experts","have","come","up","with","three","sort","of","bullet","points","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"First, we need to delay the next deadly pandemic by getting a grip on how we treat dangerous viruses.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["First",",","we","need","to","delay","the","next","deadly","pandemic","by","getting","a","grip","on","how","we","treat","dangerous","viruses","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Their genetic data should be treated as an info hazard, information that poses a danger to society if it's shared without care.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Their","genetic","data","should","be","treated","as","an","info","hazard",",","information","that","poses","a","danger","to","society","if","it","'s","shared","without","care","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Likewise, no researcher would think to share data on how to turn common laboratory equipment into bomb-making machines on the internet.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":134,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Likewise",",","no","researcher","would","think","to","share","data","on","how","to","turn","common","laboratory","equipment","into","bomb","-","making","machines","on","the","internet","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In other words, not just anyone should be able to order dangerous DNA online.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","other","words",",","not","just","anyone","should","be","able","to","order","dangerous","DNA","online","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And if you do, you should be tracked, so it becomes much harder for the wrong people to access the really spicy stuff.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","if","you","do",",","you","should","be","tracked",",","so","it","becomes","much","harder","for","the","wrong","people","to","access","the","really","spicy","stuff","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The next step is detecting the danger by becoming aware which viruses are present among us and are spreading explosively between humans.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":135,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","next","step","is","detecting","the","danger","by","becoming","aware","which","viruses","are","present","among","us","and","are","spreading","explosively","between","humans","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This could be as easy as having labs in population centres maintain virus detectors that monitor what's going on in the micro-world.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":130,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":24,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","could","be","as","easy","as","having","labs","in","population","centres","maintain","virus","detectors","that","monitor","what","'s","going","on","in","the","micro","-","world","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If we suddenly see certain microorganisms show up a lot in a short time, we can react quickly and start countermeasures.","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":80,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":96,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":94,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":98,"token_end":21,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","we","suddenly","see","certain","microorganisms","show","up","a","lot","in","a","short","time",",","we","can","react","quickly","and","start","countermeasures","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Which is the final step, destroy.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Which","is","the","final","step",",","destroy","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We basically need to build a machine that's ready to destroy any pandemic threat before it has a chance to take over.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":116,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":22,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","basically","need","to","build","a","machine","that","'s","ready","to","destroy","any","pandemic","threat","before","it","has","a","chance","to","take","over","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We can do this with new tools that are being developed right now,","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","can","do","this","with","new","tools","that","are","being","developed","right","now",","],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And of course, we need to get better at getting new vaccines faster than ever before in history.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","of","course",",","we","need","to","get","better","at","getting","new","vaccines","faster","than","ever","before","in","history","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If we do these three things, the chances are really good that we can avoid a catastrophic pandemic in the future.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["If","we","do","these","three","things",",","the","chances","are","really","good","that","we","can","avoid","a","catastrophic","pandemic","in","the","future","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Biotechnology, like any exciting and powerful technology, is neither inherently good or bad.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Biotechnology",",","like","any","exciting","and","powerful","technology",",","is","neither","inherently","good","or","bad","."],"tags":[1,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It has the potential to be both in breathtaking ways.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","has","the","potential","to","be","both","in","breathtaking","ways","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We have the chance to have a future where we get to truly control biology.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","the","chance","to","have","a","future","where","we","get","to","truly","control","biology","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So let's use it to create a future where we triumph over pandemics and diseases for good.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","let","'s","use","it","to","create","a","future","where","we","triumph","over","pandemics","and","diseases","for","good","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This video was supported by Open Philanthropy.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","video","was","supported","by","Open","Philanthropy","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you want to help and want to have a high impact on the world, check out the BioRisk career guide from 80,000 Hours,","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":117,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","help","and","want","to","have","a","high","impact","on","the","world",",","check","out","the","BioRisk","career","guide","from","80,000","Hours",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We put a link and further reading in the description and sources.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","put","a","link","and","further","reading","in","the","description","and","sources","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Aside from BioRisk, there are more guides to check out too.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Aside","from","BioRisk",",","there","are","more","guides","to","check","out","too","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Let's tell you about one of the most embarrassing moments in Kurzgesagt history.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":79,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","tell","you","about","one","of","the","most","embarrassing","moments","in","Kurzgesagt","history","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"It's a pretty great story.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","pretty","great","story","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A few years ago, we posted an image of a fake evolutionary tree on social media.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["A","few","years","ago",",","we","posted","an","image","of","a","fake","evolutionary","tree","on","social","media","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But we messed with the wrong verbs.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","we","messed","with","the","wrong","verbs","."],"tags":[0,1,23,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Immediately, we got thousands of messages from you telling us how wrong it was.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Immediately",",","we","got","thousands","of","messages","from","you","telling","us","how","wrong","it","was","."],"tags":[13,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We underestimated that you take everything that we put out into the world seriously and you set high standards for our research and fact-checking process.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":153,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":26,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","underestimated","that","you","take","everything","that","we","put","out","into","the","world","seriously","and","you","set","high","standards","for","our","research","and","fact","-","checking","process","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This hurt.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["This","hurt","."],"tags":[1,23,0]}
{"text":"We wanted to be better than that.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","wanted","to","be","better","than","that","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So we deleted it and contacted experts and spent hundreds of hours on research and illustration","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":21,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","we","deleted","it","and","contacted","experts","and","spent","hundreds","of","hours","on","research","and","illustration"],"tags":[0,1,23,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Expert approved.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Expert","approved","."],"tags":[1,29,0]}
{"text":"We were extremely proud of the result and since we'd spent so much time on it, we turned it into a poster.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":23,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","were","extremely","proud","of","the","result","and","since","we","'d","spent","so","much","time","on","it",",","we","turned","it","into","a","poster","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And from that, a new vision was born.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","from","that",",","a","new","vision","was","born","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,0]}
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{"text":"Today, we've designed almost 100 posters and sold over half a million copies.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Today",",","we","'ve","designed","almost","100","posters","and","sold","over","half","a","million","copies","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"All because you guys challenged us.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["All","because","you","guys","challenged","us","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,23,5,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so much for that and for supporting our weird ideas and our sometimes weird merch.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","for","that","and","for","supporting","our","weird","ideas","and","our","sometimes","weird","merch","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Because of you, we can continue to release our videos for free for everyone and drop hundreds of hours into new concepts to spark curiosity in people all around the world.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":170,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":31,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Because","of","you",",","we","can","continue","to","release","our","videos","for","free","for","everyone","and","drop","hundreds","of","hours","into","new","concepts","to","spark","curiosity","in","people","all","around","the","world","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so, so much for being part of our vision.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so",",","so","much","for","being","part","of","our","vision","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We literally couldn't do it without you.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","literally","could","n't","do","it","without","you","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"that every single physical thing would just stop existing and life would be impossible forever?","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["that","every","single","physical","thing","would","just","stop","existing","and","life","would","be","impossible","forever","?"],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"To explain how our universe could destroy itself, we need to understand two principles.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","explain","how","our","universe","could","destroy","itself",",","we","need","to","understand","two","principles","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A core idea in physics is that everything has an energy level.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","core","idea","in","physics","is","that","everything","has","an","energy","level","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The higher the level, the more energy is in the system, which for example has a high level.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","higher","the","level",",","the","more","energy","is","in","the","system",",","which","for","example","has","a","high","level","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They tell particles how to behave and interact.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","tell","particles","how","to","behave","and","interact","."],"tags":[1,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"Like everything in the universe, they want to be in the lowest energy level possible, which is called a vacuum state.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":116,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Like","everything","in","the","universe",",","they","want","to","be","in","the","lowest","energy","level","possible",",","which","is","called","a","vacuum","state","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This has nothing to do with vacuum in space.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","has","nothing","to","do","with","vacuum","in","space","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's just called this way because scientists are bad at naming things.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","'s","just","called","this","way","because","scientists","are","bad","at","naming","things","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We think all the fields reached their vacuum state, except maybe one.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","think","all","the","fields","reached","their","vacuum","state",",","except","maybe","one","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's possible that the Higgs field is not stable, but metastable, which is a fancy way of saying that it pretends to be stable, but really is not.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":145,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":31,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","possible","that","the","Higgs","field","is","not","stable",",","but","metastable",",","which","is","a","fancy","way","of","saying","that","it","pretends","to","be","stable",",","but","really","is","not","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It would be a false vacuum.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","would","be","a","false","vacuum","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The Higgs field is responsible for giving particles their mass, which rules how almost everything in the universe interacts.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":122,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","Higgs","field","is","responsible","for","giving","particles","their","mass",",","which","rules","how","almost","everything","in","the","universe","interacts","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"What would happen if the Higgs field is in a false vacuum?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","would","happen","if","the","Higgs","field","is","in","a","false","vacuum","?"],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Think of our ball in the valley.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Think","of","our","ball","in","the","valley","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The ball is the Higgs field.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","ball","is","the","Higgs","field","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The valley might not be the lowest energy state for the Higgs field.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","valley","might","not","be","the","lowest","energy","state","for","the","Higgs","field","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There might be an even deeper valley that it wants to get to.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","might","be","an","even","deeper","valley","that","it","wants","to","get","to","."],"tags":[3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This would mean that the Higgs field has a lot of potential energy waiting to be released.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","would","mean","that","the","Higgs","field","has","a","lot","of","potential","energy","waiting","to","be","released","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The Higgs field could be like a piece of wood, but drenched in gasoline, waiting to set the universe on fire.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":14,"token_start":5},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["The","Higgs","field","could","be","like","a","piece","of","wood",",","but","drenched","in","gasoline",",","waiting","to","set","the","universe","on","fire","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A random spark, like quantum tunneling, could release the potential energy of the Higgs field.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["A","random","spark",",","like","quantum","tunneling",",","could","release","the","potential","energy","of","the","Higgs","field","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This could happen at any time and without warning.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","could","happen","at","any","time","and","without","warning","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If at any point in space this so-called vacuum decay starts, there is no turning back.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","at","any","point","in","space","this","so","-","called","vacuum","decay","starts",",","there","is","no","turning","back","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,25,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"As the Higgs field crashes into the lower energy state, it releases a massive amount of potential energy.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","the","Higgs","field","crashes","into","the","lower","energy","state",",","it","releases","a","massive","amount","of","potential","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This energy pushes the space around it over the barrier, which releases more potential energy.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","energy","pushes","the","space","around","it","over","the","barrier",",","which","releases","more","potential","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"A sphere of the new stable Higgs field or true vacuum grows at the speed of light in all directions.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["A","sphere","of","the","new","stable","Higgs","field","or","true","vacuum","grows","at","the","speed","of","light","in","all","directions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Imagine it like setting a sea of gasoline the size of the universe on fire.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Imagine","it","like","setting","a","sea","of","gasoline","the","size","of","the","universe","on","fire","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The sphere is surrounded by a shell of energy that devours everything it comes into contact with.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","sphere","is","surrounded","by","a","shell","of","energy","that","devours","everything","it","comes","into","contact","with","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Whatever it touches is eliminated from existence.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Whatever","it","touches","is","eliminated","from","existence","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The bubble will continue to grow forever, deleting the universe on its way.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","bubble","will","continue","to","grow","forever",",","deleting","the","universe","on","its","way","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There is no way to be warned, since it's so fast, but there's nothing we could do anyway.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["There","is","no","way","to","be","warned",",","since","it","'s","so","fast",",","but","there","'s","nothing","we","could","do","anyway","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Our destruction would be instant.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Our","destruction","would","be","instant","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"In a fraction of a second, Earth would be gone.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","a","fraction","of","a","second",",","Earth","would","be","gone","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"But it actually gets worse.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","actually","gets","worse","."],"tags":[0,1,13,21,11,0]}
{"text":"If the energy level of the Higgs field changes, it changes all of physics.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","the","energy","level","of","the","Higgs","field","changes",",","it","changes","all","of","physics","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In the true vacuum of the sphere, the standard model will be overthrown, superseded by different physics that we don't know.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["In","the","true","vacuum","of","the","sphere",",","the","standard","model","will","be","overthrown",",","superseded","by","different","physics","that","we","do","n't","know","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,15,29,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"How fundamental particles behave, how atoms hold together, how chemicals react.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["How","fundamental","particles","behave",",","how","atoms","hold","together",",","how","chemicals","react","."],"tags":[13,13,14,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Vacuum decay won't just destroy life.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Vacuum","decay","wo","n't","just","destroy","life","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,13,19,5,0]}
{"text":"It will destroy chemistry itself, making life as we know it impossible.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","will","destroy","chemistry","itself",",","making","life","as","we","know","it","impossible","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We simply have no idea what it would be like inside.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","simply","have","no","idea","what","it","would","be","like","inside","."],"tags":[1,13,19,35,36,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It might be a shadow of what it is now.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","might","be","a","shadow","of","what","it","is","now","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We don't know.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,0]}
{"text":"If vacuum decay happens, the outlook is indeed grim.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","vacuum","decay","happens",",","the","outlook","is","indeed","grim","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"If you feel slightly worried now, don't be.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","you","feel","slightly","worried","now",",","do","n't","be","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,15,37,21,0]}
{"text":"At this point, false vacuum is speculation based on our current understanding of particle physics, which might be wrong.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":119,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","this","point",",","false","vacuum","is","speculation","based","on","our","current","understanding","of","particle","physics",",","which","might","be","wrong","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's kind of like using a ruler to measure a continent.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","kind","of","like","using","a","ruler","to","measure","a","continent","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Sure, you can do it, but you might be off by quite a bit at the end.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Sure",",","you","can","do","it",",","but","you","might","be","off","by","quite","a","bit","at","the","end","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,19,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Right now, no one can say if vacuum decay is a thing that's real, or just a scary idea.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Right","now",",","no","one","can","say","if","vacuum","decay","is","a","thing","that","'s","real",",","or","just","a","scary","idea","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But even if one or multiple spheres of death have already started expanding, the universe is so big that they might not reach us for billions of years.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":89,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":92,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":90,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":18,"token_start":17},{"end":150,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":28,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["But","even","if","one","or","multiple","spheres","of","death","have","already","started","expanding",",","the","universe","is","so","big","that","they","might","not","reach","us","for","billions","of","years","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If they're far enough away, they might not ever be able to reach us because of the expansion of the universe.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","they","'re","far","enough","away",",","they","might","not","ever","be","able","to","reach","us","because","of","the","expansion","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,13,17,18,18,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The speed of light is not that fast on the scale of the universe.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","speed","of","light","is","not","that","fast","on","the","scale","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So while vacuum decay is fascinatingly scary, right now there are other things we should be more afraid of.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":105,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","while","vacuum","decay","is","fascinatingly","scary",",","right","now","there","are","other","things","we","should","be","more","afraid","of","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In contrast to vacuum decay, we have the power to prepare for most of them.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","contrast","to","vacuum","decay",",","we","have","the","power","to","prepare","for","most","of","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Supernovae are the most powerful explosions in the universe, unleashing enough energy to outshine galaxies.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Supernovae","are","the","most","powerful","explosions","in","the","universe",",","unleashing","enough","energy","to","outshine","galaxies","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We have no real metaphor for their power.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","no","real","metaphor","for","their","power","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If the Sun were to magically go supernova, it would feel like you were being hit by the energy of a nuclear explosion every second for weeks.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":140,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":27,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","the","Sun","were","to","magically","go","supernova",",","it","would","feel","like","you","were","being","hit","by","the","energy","of","a","nuclear","explosion","every","second","for","weeks","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While supernovae are the engines of creation, forging the elements that enable life, they also burn sterile whole regions of galaxies.","spans":[{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":95,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":132,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":22,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["While","supernovae","are","the","engines","of","creation",",","forging","the","elements","that","enable","life",",","they","also","burn","sterile","whole","regions","of","galaxies","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So what would happen if one hit Earth?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","what","would","happen","if","one","hit","Earth","?"],"tags":[13,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There are, roughly speaking, two ways to make a supernova.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["There","are",",","roughly","speaking",",","two","ways","to","make","a","supernova","."],"tags":[3,21,0,13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Either the core of a massive star implodes, or, less common, a white dwarf gains mass to the point where it ignites explosive nuclear fusion.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":140,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":27,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Either","the","core","of","a","massive","star","implodes",",","or",",","less","common",",","a","white","dwarf","gains","mass","to","the","point","where","it","ignites","explosive","nuclear","fusion","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,25,0,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The outcome is the same \u2013 a supernova explosion.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","outcome","is","the","same","\u2013","a","supernova","explosion","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,39,40,40,0]}
{"text":"When we think of an explosion on Earth, we think of something that happens fast and ends.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["When","we","think","of","an","explosion","on","Earth",",","we","think","of","something","that","happens","fast","and","ends","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But a supernova is more like a volcanic eruption followed by a tsunami.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","a","supernova","is","more","like","a","volcanic","eruption","followed","by","a","tsunami","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"At first, there's a colourful ball of hot, expanding gas, creating a spectacular cloud that will shine for about a month.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["At","first",",","there","'s","a","colourful","ball","of","hot",",","expanding","gas",",","creating","a","spectacular","cloud","that","will","shine","for","about","a","month","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But then, it doesn't stop.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","then",",","it","does","n't","stop","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,15,37,19,0]}
{"text":"Hot and dangerous gas rushes outwards at speeds of 10,000 km per second through the near vacuum of space, sweeping up the sparse gas of the galaxy.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":18,"token_start":13},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":27,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Hot","and","dangerous","gas","rushes","outwards","at","speeds","of","10,000","km","per","second","through","the","near","vacuum","of","space",",","sweeping","up","the","sparse","gas","of","the","galaxy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This wall of gas expands for tens of thousands of years and will eventually span up to dozens of light-years until it finally cools off and disperses its substance back into the galaxy.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":183,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":34,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["This","wall","of","gas","expands","for","tens","of","thousands","of","years","and","will","eventually","span","up","to","dozens","of","light","-","years","until","it","finally","cools","off","and","disperses","its","substance","back","into","the","galaxy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Well, the damage depends on how far away it is.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Well",",","the","damage","depends","on","how","far","away","it","is","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Humans have witnessed dozens of supernovae, but all of them were thousands of light-years away.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Humans","have","witnessed","dozens","of","supernovae",",","but","all","of","them","were","thousands","of","light","-","years","away","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They appeared as new stars, some outshining the Moon, twinkling for a few weeks and disappearing.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","appeared","as","new","stars",",","some","outshining","the","Moon",",","twinkling","for","a","few","weeks","and","disappearing","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Aside from looking very pretty at this distance, they don't do much to us.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Aside","from","looking","very","pretty","at","this","distance",",","they","do","n't","do","much","to","us","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Things begin to get a bit icky once a supernova occurs around 300 light-years away.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Things","begin","to","get","a","bit","icky","once","a","supernova","occurs","around","300","light","-","years","away","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We can expect one this close to us every few million years.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","can","expect","one","this","close","to","us","every","few","million","years","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And while this is far enough away and dim enough to not do harm to us, they can affect the Earth.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":15,"token_start":1},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":80,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":21,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["And","while","this","is","far","enough","away","and","dim","enough","to","not","do","harm","to","us",",","they","can","affect","the","Earth","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"At these distances, it's like being hit by the last weak waves of the star tsunami.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["At","these","distances",",","it","'s","like","being","hit","by","the","last","weak","waves","of","the","star","tsunami","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In fact, we know that over the past 10 million years, multiple supernovae have struck Earth from these distances because we can find radioactive isotopes of iron deep in the rocks and sediments at the bottom of the ocean.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":20,"token_start":5},{"end":220,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":113,"token_end":40,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","we","know","that","over","the","past","10","million","years",",","multiple","supernovae","have","struck","Earth","from","these","distances","because","we","can","find","radioactive","isotopes","of","iron","deep","in","the","rocks","and","sediments","at","the","bottom","of","the","ocean","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Amazingly, these supernovae around the solar system have cleared a 1,000 light-year wide pocket of space that's called the local bubble.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":134,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Amazingly",",","these","supernovae","around","the","solar","system","have","cleared","a","1,000","light","-","year","wide","pocket","of","space","that","'s","called","the","local","bubble","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They blew away the interstellar gas and dust, creating a lumpy wall of gas that's now a cradle for star formation.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","blew","away","the","interstellar","gas","and","dust",",","creating","a","lumpy","wall","of","gas","that","'s","now","a","cradle","for","star","formation","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Once a supernova happens much closer than 300 light-years, we're approaching the zone where it does real damage.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Once","a","supernova","happens","much","closer","than","300","light","-","years",",","we","'re","approaching","the","zone","where","it","does","real","damage","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Stars have extremely powerful magnetic fields.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Stars","have","extremely","powerful","magnetic","fields","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"When they die, the tsunami of dead star actually retains a lot of this magnetic energy woven through the shockwave that expands outwards.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":135,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["When","they","die",",","the","tsunami","of","dead","star","actually","retains","a","lot","of","this","magnetic","energy","woven","through","the","shockwave","that","expands","outwards","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In this highly magnetized cloud, we get conditions like in a huge particle accelerator that's accelerating charged particles like protons, nuclei, and electrons to immense speeds.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":178,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":29,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","this","highly","magnetized","cloud",",","we","get","conditions","like","in","a","huge","particle","accelerator","that","'s","accelerating","charged","particles","like","protons",",","nuclei",",","and","electrons","to","immense","speeds","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Which means we have an expanding cloud that is shooting deadly radiation in all directions long after the bright light from the initial explosion has faded away.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":14,"token_start":4},{"end":160,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":26,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Which","means","we","have","an","expanding","cloud","that","is","shooting","deadly","radiation","in","all","directions","long","after","the","bright","light","from","the","initial","explosion","has","faded","away","."],"tags":[0,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If a supernova happens too close by, waves of these cosmic rays will wash over the solar system for thousands of years.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":18,"token_start":15},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":22,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","a","supernova","happens","too","close","by",",","waves","of","these","cosmic","rays","will","wash","over","the","solar","system","for","thousands","of","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"While we're mostly protected on Earth's surface by the atmosphere and ozone layer, the influx of extra radiation will still increase cancer and mutation rates.","spans":[{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":111,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":20,"token_start":16},{"end":116,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":113,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":118,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":131,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":124,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":157,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":133,"token_end":27,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["While","we","'re","mostly","protected","on","Earth","'s","surface","by","the","atmosphere","and","ozone","layer",",","the","influx","of","extra","radiation","will","still","increase","cancer","and","mutation","rates","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Spaceflight would become impossible in the solar system as astronauts wouldn't survive the waves of radiation for long.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Spaceflight","would","become","impossible","in","the","solar","system","as","astronauts","would","n't","survive","the","waves","of","radiation","for","long","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We don't know exactly how bad this would be, but a supernova that is close enough may trap our species on Earth for generations, maybe thousands of years.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":153,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":30,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","exactly","how","bad","this","would","be",",","but","a","supernova","that","is","close","enough","may","trap","our","species","on","Earth","for","generations",",","maybe","thousands","of","years","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It only gets worse from here.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","only","gets","worse","from","here","."],"tags":[1,13,21,11,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Within 100 light-years, things get bad as a supernova disrupts our climate in ways that we don't fully understand yet.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Within","100","light","-","years",",","things","get","bad","as","a","supernova","disrupts","our","climate","in","ways","that","we","do","n't","fully","understand","yet","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There are a few unpleasant things happening all one after another.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","a","few","unpleasant","things","happening","all","one","after","another","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"First, the high-energy photons arrive from the explosion, followed by many decades of radiation from the radioactive tsunami, both of which seriously damage the ozone layer, Earth's shield against harmful radiation.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":213,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":37,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["First",",","the","high","-","energy","photons","arrive","from","the","explosion",",","followed","by","many","decades","of","radiation","from","the","radioactive","tsunami",",","both","of","which","seriously","damage","the","ozone","layer",",","Earth","'s","shield","against","harmful","radiation","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet radiation by breaking apart ozone, O3, into O2 and a free oxygen atom, which later reforms back into another ozone molecule.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":158,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":28,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","ozone","layer","absorbs","ultraviolet","radiation","by","breaking","apart","ozone",",","O3",",","into","O2","and","a","free","oxygen","atom",",","which","later","reforms","back","into","another","ozone","molecule","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But the supernova radiation breaks up nitrogen molecules that gobble up the free oxygen, breaking the cycle and depleting the ozone layer quickly.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["But","the","supernova","radiation","breaks","up","nitrogen","molecules","that","gobble","up","the","free","oxygen",",","breaking","the","cycle","and","depleting","the","ozone","layer","quickly","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Without a radiation shield, everybody living on the surface is exposed to very high levels of UV radiation from our sun.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Without","a","radiation","shield",",","everybody","living","on","the","surface","is","exposed","to","very","high","levels","of","UV","radiation","from","our","sun","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Cancer rates would skyrocket, and just going outside during the day could be life-threatening.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Cancer","rates","would","skyrocket",",","and","just","going","outside","during","the","day","could","be","life","-","threatening","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The extra radiation would also kill a lot, if not most, of the plankton in the oceans that live near the surface and are the basis for the marine food chains, leading to a mass extinction.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":156,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":32,"token_start":6},{"end":186,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":159,"token_end":38,"token_start":34}],"tokens":["The","extra","radiation","would","also","kill","a","lot",",","if","not","most",",","of","the","plankton","in","the","oceans","that","live","near","the","surface","and","are","the","basis","for","the","marine","food","chains",",","leading","to","a","mass","extinction","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Worse still, supernova radiation would ionize gas in the atmosphere, which means that it would punch through molecules and knock electrons off nuclei, leaving them charged.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Worse","still",",","supernova","radiation","would","ionize","gas","in","the","atmosphere",",","which","means","that","it","would","punch","through","molecules","and","knock","electrons","off","nuclei",",","leaving","them","charged","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"These charged nuclei then act as seeds for water vapor to gather and form massive global clouds.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["These","charged","nuclei","then","act","as","seeds","for","water","vapor","to","gather","and","form","massive","global","clouds","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the worst case, they would reflect enough sunlight to trigger an ice age.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","the","worst","case",",","they","would","reflect","enough","sunlight","to","trigger","an","ice","age","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In fact, it's thought that the ice age 2.5 million years ago was caused by a supernova.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":86,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","it","'s","thought","that","the","ice","age","2.5","million","years","ago","was","caused","by","a","supernova","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Some scientists even think that a supernova about 60 light-years away might have been the cause of the Devonian mass extinction 350 million years ago.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":149,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":26,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Some","scientists","even","think","that","a","supernova","about","60","light","-","years","away","might","have","been","the","cause","of","the","Devonian","mass","extinction","350","million","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But wait, there's more.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","wait",",","there","'s","more","."],"tags":[0,13,0,3,25,1,0]}
{"text":"The electrons punched free by the radiation form enormous electric avalanches, or in other words, lightning.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","electrons","punched","free","by","the","radiation","form","enormous","electric","avalanches",",","or","in","other","words",",","lightning","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Earth is hit by some of the worst thunderstorms in millions of years.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Earth","is","hit","by","some","of","the","worst","thunderstorms","in","millions","of","years","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The intense lightning causes global wildfires that consume forests and crops, devastate cities, disrupt our electrical grids and global supply chains.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":149,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","intense","lightning","causes","global","wildfires","that","consume","forests","and","crops",",","devastate","cities",",","disrupt","our","electrical","grids","and","global","supply","chains","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"All while a decimated ozone layer leaks deadly radiation.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","while","a","decimated","ozone","layer","leaks","deadly","radiation","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"While in the past the ecosystem may have bounced back from a nearby supernova after a few thousand or million years, there's no guarantee modern civilization can take a hit of this magnitude.","spans":[{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":20,"token_start":0},{"end":121,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":117,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":123,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":122,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":189,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":125,"token_end":34,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["While","in","the","past","the","ecosystem","may","have","bounced","back","from","a","nearby","supernova","after","a","few","thousand","or","million","years",",","there","'s","no","guarantee","modern","civilization","can","take","a","hit","of","this","magnitude","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We would face food shortages, skyrocketing prices and wars as nations struggle to not be consumed by chaos.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","would","face","food","shortages",",","skyrocketing","prices","and","wars","as","nations","struggle","to","not","be","consumed","by","chaos","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So a supernova this close would at the very least do significant damage for hundreds or thousands of years if not end our modern civilization and with it millions or even billions of lives.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":18,"token_start":13},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":24,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["So","a","supernova","this","close","would","at","the","very","least","do","significant","damage","for","hundreds","or","thousands","of","years","if","not","end","our","modern","civilization","and","with","it","millions","or","even","billions","of","lives","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,15,13,14,14,14,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Still, humanity would likely survive and could recover.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Still",",","humanity","would","likely","survive","and","could","recover","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,13,19,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"A supernova closer than 25 light years means that we're in its kill radius where a mass extinction is all but guaranteed.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":120,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","supernova","closer","than","25","light","years","means","that","we","'re","in","its","kill","radius","where","a","mass","extinction","is","all","but","guaranteed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Probably about half of the ozone layer would be destroyed and massive climactic disruption on a scale we've never witnessed would ravage Earth.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":142,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Probably","about","half","of","the","ozone","layer","would","be","destroyed","and","massive","climactic","disruption","on","a","scale","we","'ve","never","witnessed","would","ravage","Earth","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Entire ecosystems would swiftly be wiped out by radiation as global wildfires envelop the planet.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Entire","ecosystems","would","swiftly","be","wiped","out","by","radiation","as","global","wildfires","envelop","the","planet","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,15,29,35,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All the things described before happen but way more intensely and much faster.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["All","the","things","described","before","happen","but","way","more","intensely","and","much","faster","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A few people might survive for years in bunkers if they have food supplies but the world they return to will be devastated and hostile to life for hundreds of thousands of years.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":78,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":177,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":32,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["A","few","people","might","survive","for","years","in","bunkers","if","they","have","food","supplies","but","the","world","they","return","to","will","be","devastated","and","hostile","to","life","for","hundreds","of","thousands","of","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,13,14,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Human extinction is extremely likely.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Human","extinction","is","extremely","likely","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Being any closer to a supernova is very unlikely because space is big but the effects would be extreme.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Being","any","closer","to","a","supernova","is","very","unlikely","because","space","is","big","but","the","effects","would","be","extreme","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even from 4 light years away, the distance to Alpha Centauri, a supernova would be almost as bright as the sun in the sky.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":81,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":120,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Even","from","4","light","years","away",",","the","distance","to","Alpha","Centauri",",","a","supernova","would","be","almost","as","bright","as","the","sun","in","the","sky","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While casting two shadows could be fun for a few hours, within days the Earth's surface gets as hot as a sauna, baking the surface for weeks until the explosion fades.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":17,"token_start":14},{"end":91,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":88,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":109,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":23,"token_start":19},{"end":165,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":33,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["While","casting","two","shadows","could","be","fun","for","a","few","hours",",","within","days","the","Earth","'s","surface","gets","as","hot","as","a","sauna",",","baking","the","surface","for","weeks","until","the","explosion","fades","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The surface of Earth burns, scoured of life.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","surface","of","Earth","burns",",","scoured","of","life","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Even the oceans aren't safe.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Even","the","oceans","are","n't","safe","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"The massive amount of radiation that follows burns away the ozone layer, killing everything that sees sunlight.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","massive","amount","of","radiation","that","follows","burns","away","the","ozone","layer",",","killing","everything","that","sees","sunlight","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,35,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It would be the largest extinction event in history, reducing life to a few survivors in the deep sea and critters in the deep soil.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":25,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","would","be","the","largest","extinction","event","in","history",",","reducing","life","to","a","few","survivors","in","the","deep","sea","and","critters","in","the","deep","soil","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Life basically has to start over.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Life","basically","has","to","start","over","."],"tags":[1,13,17,18,31,32,0]}
{"text":"So, should you worry?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So",",","should","you","worry","?"],"tags":[13,0,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"Fortunately, there are only a handful of stars that may explode within 1,000 light years of Earth and none are close enough to be a serious threat.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":97,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":17,"token_start":4},{"end":101,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":98,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":146,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":102,"token_end":27,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Fortunately",",","there","are","only","a","handful","of","stars","that","may","explode","within","1,000","light","years","of","Earth","and","none","are","close","enough","to","be","a","serious","threat","."],"tags":[13,0,3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Even better, these stars will probably not go supernova for many millions of years.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Even","better",",","these","stars","will","probably","not","go","supernova","for","many","millions","of","years","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,13,37,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So you are safe.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","you","are","safe","."],"tags":[13,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"But there's no guarantee for the far future.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","'s","no","guarantee","for","the","far","future","."],"tags":[0,3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"As stars orbit the galaxy, our descendants may find themselves dangerously close to a supernova.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":95,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","stars","orbit","the","galaxy",",","our","descendants","may","find","themselves","dangerously","close","to","a","supernova","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But by then, a far more advanced and wiser humanity will hopefully be able to just move out of the way.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":77,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":83,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":21,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["But","by","then",",","a","far","more","advanced","and","wiser","humanity","will","hopefully","be","able","to","just","move","out","of","the","way","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,17,18,18,13,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In any case, you can sleep well tonight, under the beautiful night sky.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","any","case",",","you","can","sleep","well","tonight",",","under","the","beautiful","night","sky","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And if you dream about understanding the physics behind this video and others, we've created a series of lessons to build your understanding of fundamental science.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":20,"token_start":17},{"end":163,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":113,"token_end":27,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["And","if","you","dream","about","understanding","the","physics","behind","this","video","and","others",",","we","'ve","created","a","series","of","lessons","to","build","your","understanding","of","fundamental","science","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Made in collaboration with our friends at Brilliant, these lessons dive deeper into topics from our most popular videos, including things like cosmology, biology and even climate science.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":67,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":185,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":30,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Made","in","collaboration","with","our","friends","at","Brilliant",",","these","lessons","dive","deeper","into","topics","from","our","most","popular","videos",",","including","things","like","cosmology",",","biology","and","even","climate","science","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"In our latest lesson, you'll journey further into the conditions that can trigger a supernova and how to determine the impact of one on a planet like ours.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":153,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":29,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","our","latest","lesson",",","you","'ll","journey","further","into","the","conditions","that","can","trigger","a","supernova","and","how","to","determine","the","impact","of","one","on","a","planet","like","ours","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"There's even an extra perk for Kurzgesagt viewers.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","even","an","extra","perk","for","Kurzgesagt","viewers","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The first 200 people to use the link get 20% off their annual membership, which unlocks all of Brilliant's courses in maths, science and computer science.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":152,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":29,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","first","200","people","to","use","the","link","get","20","%","off","their","annual","membership",",","which","unlocks","all","of","Brilliant","'s","courses","in","maths",",","science","and","computer","science","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We love to go above and beyond with our research.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","love","to","go","above","and","beyond","with","our","research","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Brilliant will be the catalyst to expand the limits of your knowledge.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Brilliant","will","be","the","catalyst","to","expand","the","limits","of","your","knowledge","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There are still a few copies left of our 12,023-human calendar.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","are","still","a","few","copies","left","of","our","12,023","-","human","calendar","."],"tags":[3,19,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Get it now for a whole year of joy.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Get","it","now","for","a","whole","year","of","joy","."],"tags":[19,5,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the year 1014, Byzantine Emperor Basil II defeated the Bulgarian army and captured 15,000 prisoners.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":75,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","the","year","1014",",","Byzantine","Emperor","Basil","II","defeated","the","Bulgarian","army","and","captured","15,000","prisoners","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"He could have killed them, but he had a different idea.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["He","could","have","killed","them",",","but","he","had","a","different","idea","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"He wanted to weaken his opponents for decades to come.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["He","wanted","to","weaken","his","opponents","for","decades","to","come","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Today, humans are subject to an attack just as cynical as this by a league of supervillains called NTDs.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":103,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Today",",","humans","are","subject","to","an","attack","just","as","cynical","as","this","by","a","league","of","supervillains","called","NTDs","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"One in seven humans on the planet suffers from one or more NTDs, more than the entire population of Europe.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["One","in","seven","humans","on","the","planet","suffers","from","one","or","more","NTDs",",","more","than","the","entire","population","of","Europe","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They do unimaginable damage.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","do","unimaginable","damage","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"By crippling countless people, they destroy billions of dollars in income each year, weaken communities and slow progress.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["By","crippling","countless","people",",","they","destroy","billions","of","dollars","in","income","each","year",",","weaken","communities","and","slow","progress","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But what are these monsters straight out of a horror movie, seeking to wreak havoc on our species?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","what","are","these","monsters","straight","out","of","a","horror","movie",",","seeking","to","wreak","havoc","on","our","species","?"],"tags":[0,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"NTDs are caused by a vast range of different parasites such as worms, amoeba, bacteria or viruses.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["NTDs","are","caused","by","a","vast","range","of","different","parasites","such","as","worms",",","amoeba",",","bacteria","or","viruses","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The symptoms they cause are just as diverse and truly the stuff of nightmares.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","symptoms","they","cause","are","just","as","diverse","and","truly","the","stuff","of","nightmares","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Some like hookworms compete with children's brains and bodies for nutrition, stunting growth and impairing intelligence.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Some","like","hookworms","compete","with","children","'s","brains","and","bodies","for","nutrition",",","stunting","growth","and","impairing","intelligence","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Some NTDs cause blindness as a result of awful eye infections.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Some","NTDs","cause","blindness","as","a","result","of","awful","eye","infections","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Other parasites confine patients to bed for months and damage internal organs, often shortening lifespans drastically.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Other","parasites","confine","patients","to","bed","for","months","and","damage","internal","organs",",","often","shortening","lifespans","drastically","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,13,14,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Yet others cause horrible disfigurements that lead to social stigma, a life lived in shame and unemployment.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Yet","others","cause","horrible","disfigurements","that","lead","to","social","stigma",",","a","life","lived","in","shame","and","unemployment","."],"tags":[13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There are also a few that are incredibly agonizing.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","are","also","a","few","that","are","incredibly","agonizing","."],"tags":[3,19,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"They cause continuous itching or horrible pain.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","cause","continuous","itching","or","horrible","pain","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In fact, let's introduce you to one of them, Draconcholiasis.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","let","'s","introduce","you","to","one","of","them",",","Draconcholiasis","."],"tags":[13,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"If you accidentally drink water infected by it, you won't notice anything for a year.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","accidentally","drink","water","infected","by","it",",","you","wo","n't","notice","anything","for","a","year","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Until one day, you suddenly see a blister on your leg.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Until","one","day",",","you","suddenly","see","a","blister","on","your","leg","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The worm breaks out of the skin to release new larvae.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","worm","breaks","out","of","the","skin","to","release","new","larvae","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The only way to remove it is to slowly put it out of your leg, centimeter by centimeter, over the course of several weeks, because Draconcholiasis is now up to a meter long.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":121,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":25,"token_start":7},{"end":172,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":123,"token_end":35,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["The","only","way","to","remove","it","is","to","slowly","put","it","out","of","your","leg",",","centimeter","by","centimeter",",","over","the","course","of","several","weeks",",","because","Draconcholiasis","is","now","up","to","a","meter","long","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We can all agree that we should kill such parasites with fire.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","can","all","agree","that","we","should","kill","such","parasites","with","fire","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That's why we declared war on them, pleading to eradicate most of them by 2020, and we tried doing that very hard.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":113,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":24,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","why","we","declared","war","on","them",",","pleading","to","eradicate","most","of","them","by","2020",",","and","we","tried","doing","that","very","hard","."],"tags":[1,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In 1985, there were 3.5 million cases of Draconcholiasis all over the world.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","1985",",","there","were","3.5","million","cases","of","Draconcholiasis","all","over","the","world","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,23,1,2,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In 2015, there were 22.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","2015",",","there","were","22","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,23,1,0]}
{"text":"We killed 99.999% of these little monsters.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","killed","99.999","%","of","these","little","monsters","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It will be the first parasite we eradicate for good very soon.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","will","be","the","first","parasite","we","eradicate","for","good","very","soon","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So even if they don't generate big headlines like Ebola did, actually, amazing things have happened when it comes to NTDs.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":86,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":91,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":23,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["So","even","if","they","do","n't","generate","big","headlines","like","Ebola","did",",","actually",",","amazing","things","have","happened","when","it","comes","to","NTDs","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All NTDs have one thing in common.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["All","NTDs","have","one","thing","in","common","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"They preferably attack humans who live in the most isolated communities and who are least able to defend themselves.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":114,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","preferably","attack","humans","who","live","in","the","most","isolated","communities","and","who","are","least","able","to","defend","themselves","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There are villages that are 500 kilometers from the nearest health facility with no roads anywhere.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","villages","that","are","500","kilometers","from","the","nearest","health","facility","with","no","roads","anywhere","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This called for an attack using brute force.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","called","for","an","attack","using","brute","force","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To stamp out NTDs once and for all, what's possibly the biggest medical program in human history was launched, unmatched in scale.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":96,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":18,"token_start":9},{"end":100,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":97,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":109,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":101,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":111,"token_end":24,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["To","stamp","out","NTDs","once","and","for","all",",","what","'s","possibly","the","biggest","medical","program","in","human","history","was","launched",",","unmatched","in","scale","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Organizations from all fields are working together right now to eliminate 10 of these NTDs forever.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Organizations","from","all","fields","are","working","together","right","now","to","eliminate","10","of","these","NTDs","forever","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,27,13,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Ironically, every NTD is in fact preventable or treatable.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Ironically",",","every","NTD","is","in","fact","preventable","or","treatable","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,13,14,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But most of them can only be controlled by giving medicine to every person in all high-risk areas.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","most","of","them","can","only","be","controlled","by","giving","medicine","to","every","person","in","all","high","-","risk","areas","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"That means millions and millions of doses of medicine, often for several NTDs at a time over the course of years, in countries where there is no infrastructure.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":21,"token_start":2},{"end":159,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":114,"token_end":29,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["That","means","millions","and","millions","of","doses","of","medicine",",","often","for","several","NTDs","at","a","time","over","the","course","of","years",",","in","countries","where","there","is","no","infrastructure","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Governments and health organizations just couldn't do that by themselves.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Governments","and","health","organizations","just","could","n't","do","that","by","themselves","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,13,15,37,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Here, humanity got an opportunity to show off what the industrialized production of medicine can achieve.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Here",",","humanity","got","an","opportunity","to","show","off","what","the","industrialized","production","of","medicine","can","achieve","."],"tags":[13,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The pharma industry stepped in to distribute the necessary drugs for free and promised to keep doing it until those 10 diseases are gone.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":77,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":136,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","pharma","industry","stepped","in","to","distribute","the","necessary","drugs","for","free","and","promised","to","keep","doing","it","until","those","10","diseases","are","gone","."],"tags":[1,2,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"By 2020, nearly 18 billion dollars worth of drugs will have been distributed, the largest drug donation the world has ever seen.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["By","2020",",","nearly","18","billion","dollars","worth","of","drugs","will","have","been","distributed",",","the","largest","drug","donation","the","world","has","ever","seen","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,15,29,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They also helped make sure the drugs actually get to where they're needed.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":73,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","also","helped","make","sure","the","drugs","actually","get","to","where","they","'re","needed","."],"tags":[1,13,23,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"In 2015 alone, these treatments reached over 815 million people, more than the population of the EU and the US combined.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","2015","alone",",","these","treatments","reached","over","815","million","people",",","more","than","the","population","of","the","EU","and","the","US","combined","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Bad things happening generates headlines.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Bad","things","happening","generates","headlines","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,0]}
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{"text":"So if you or one of your friends are in need of uplifting news, share this video with them.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":13,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":19,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["So","if","you","or","one","of","your","friends","are","in","need","of","uplifting","news",",","share","this","video","with","them","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"We as a species really can do great things with no other motivation than to help each other.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","as","a","species","really","can","do","great","things","with","no","other","motivation","than","to","help","each","other","."],"tags":[1,13,14,14,13,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's good to remember that from time to time.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","good","to","remember","that","from","time","to","time","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This video was made possible in part by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and your support on Patreon.com.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","video","was","made","possible","in","part","by","a","grant","from","the","Bill","&","Melinda","Gates","Foundation","and","your","support","on","Patreon.com","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,33,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you want to help us make more videos, you can do so here.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","help","us","make","more","videos",",","you","can","do","so","here","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,0]}
{"text":"If you're disappointed by the lack of disturbing facts in this video, here's a playlist about the end of everything.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":75,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":114,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","disappointed","by","the","lack","of","disturbing","facts","in","this","video",",","here","'s","a","playlist","about","the","end","of","everything","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"A war has been going on for billions of years that breeds well-armed monsters who struggle with other monsters for survival.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","war","has","been","going","on","for","billions","of","years","that","breeds","well","-","armed","monsters","who","struggle","with","other","monsters","for","survival","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,31,32,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Having no particular interest in us, most of them are relatively harmless, as our immune systems deal with their weapons easily.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Having","no","particular","interest","in","us",",","most","of","them","are","relatively","harmless",",","as","our","immune","systems","deal","with","their","weapons","easily","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But there are exceptions.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","are","exceptions","."],"tags":[0,3,19,1,0]}
{"text":"Nagleria fowleri is an amoeba that has not only developed a deadly taste for human brains, but is also a match for our defenses and stars in dramatic headlines.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":158,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":29,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Nagleria","fowleri","is","an","amoeba","that","has","not","only","developed","a","deadly","taste","for","human","brains",",","but","is","also","a","match","for","our","defenses","and","stars","in","dramatic","headlines","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"What happens when this monster enters your body?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","happens","when","this","monster","enters","your","body","?"],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Nagleria fowleri is an amoeba, a microbe with a nucleus, one of the smallest life forms on Earth.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Nagleria","fowleri","is","an","amoeba",",","a","microbe","with","a","nucleus",",","one","of","the","smallest","life","forms","on","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It is a voracious hunter of bacteria and other critters that it devours whole and rips into pieces.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","is","a","voracious","hunter","of","bacteria","and","other","critters","that","it","devours","whole","and","rips","into","pieces","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Like many amoebae, it is able to transform into different stages that help it survive.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Like","many","amoebae",",","it","is","able","to","transform","into","different","stages","that","help","it","survive","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,17,18,18,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But most of the time, Nagleria fowleri is in its trophozoite stage, during which it looks like a squishy blob with tiny arms, and hunts, divides, and thrives.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":157,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":32,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","most","of","the","time",",","Nagleria","fowleri","is","in","its","trophozoite","stage",",","during","which","it","looks","like","a","squishy","blob","with","tiny","arms",",","and","hunts",",","divides",",","and","thrives","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Its natural home is in fresh water, ponds, rivers, lakes, and hot springs.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Its","natural","home","is","in","fresh","water",",","ponds",",","rivers",",","lakes",",","and","hot","springs","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But unfortunately, it also feels happy in pipes, swimming pools, fountains, or spas when they're not properly treated.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":16,"token_start":7},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["But","unfortunately",",","it","also","feels","happy","in","pipes",",","swimming","pools",",","fountains",",","or","spas","when","they","'re","not","properly","treated","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,13,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The warmer the water, the more it thrives and multiplies.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","warmer","the","water",",","the","more","it","thrives","and","multiplies","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,1,25,0,25,0]}
{"text":"So in the summer, when humans seek to cool off and enjoy themselves, the chances are highest that both species will interact.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":13,"token_start":1},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":84,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":18,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["So","in","the","summer",",","when","humans","seek","to","cool","off","and","enjoy","themselves",",","the","chances","are","highest","that","both","species","will","interact","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Because this makes it hard to avoid, millions of people regularly have contact with the amoeba, especially in warmer climates, and many people even seem to have antibodies against it.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":21,"token_start":18},{"end":130,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":127,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":182,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":131,"token_end":32,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["Because","this","makes","it","hard","to","avoid",",","millions","of","people","regularly","have","contact","with","the","amoeba",",","especially","in","warmer","climates",",","and","many","people","even","seem","to","have","antibodies","against","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And this is mostly okay, you can even swallow it without consequences.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","this","is","mostly","okay",",","you","can","even","swallow","it","without","consequences","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,1,15,13,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Things turn bad when people dive or swim in water contaminated with the amoeba, and water splashes high up into their noses.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":13,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":84,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Things","turn","bad","when","people","dive","or","swim","in","water","contaminated","with","the","amoeba",",","and","water","splashes","high","up","into","their","noses","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In a single drop of lake water, there are millions of viruses, bacteria, and amoebae, and that isn't really a big deal.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":17,"token_start":10},{"end":89,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":86,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":90,"token_end":26,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["In","a","single","drop","of","lake","water",",","there","are","millions","of","viruses",",","bacteria",",","and","amoebae",",","and","that","is","n't","really","a","big","deal","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But Nagleria fowleri is different.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","Nagleria","fowleri","is","different","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Let's zoom into the nose of an unsuspecting victim enjoying a great summer day, and see what happens.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":100,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","zoom","into","the","nose","of","an","unsuspecting","victim","enjoying","a","great","summer","day",",","and","see","what","happens","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"First of all, the amoeba doesn't really want to be inside your nose, as it's not really looking for trouble, it just wants to eat a few bacteria.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["First","of","all",",","the","amoeba","does","n't","really","want","to","be","inside","your","nose",",","as","it","'s","not","really","looking","for","trouble",",","it","just","wants","to","eat","a","few","bacteria","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,37,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Instead, it's greeted by your natural defences.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Instead",",","it","'s","greeted","by","your","natural","defences","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately for humans, Nagleria fowleri happens to be exceptionally good at generally flying under the radar of your immune system.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":43,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":133,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Unfortunately","for","humans",",","Nagleria","fowleri","happens","to","be","exceptionally","good","at","generally","flying","under","the","radar","of","your","immune","system","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,25,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"For example, the inside of your nose is covered by mucosa, a slime filled with chemicals that kill or stun possible invaders, or alert immune cells.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":146,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":28,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["For","example",",","the","inside","of","your","nose","is","covered","by","mucosa",",","a","slime","filled","with","chemicals","that","kill","or","stun","possible","invaders",",","or","alert","immune","cells","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But Nagleria fowleri is not particularly bothered by them, and instead calmly checks out the scenery, mildly annoyed about the whole ordeal.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":138,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","Nagleria","fowleri","is","not","particularly","bothered","by","them",",","and","instead","calmly","checks","out","the","scenery",",","mildly","annoyed","about","the","whole","ordeal","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,37,13,29,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Now, if you are unlucky, the tiny critter stumbles over something that actually sparks its interest.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Now",",","if","you","are","unlucky",",","the","tiny","critter","stumbles","over","something","that","actually","sparks","its","interest","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Your nose is filled with a large network of olfactory nerve cells that pick up molecules from the outside and transmit their information to your olfactory bulb, the centre of smell in your brain.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":193,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":34,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","nose","is","filled","with","a","large","network","of","olfactory","nerve","cells","that","pick","up","molecules","from","the","outside","and","transmit","their","information","to","your","olfactory","bulb",",","the","centre","of","smell","in","your","brain","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To do their job, these cells talk to each other by releasing various messenger chemicals and recognising them via specific receptors.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":131,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","do","their","job",",","these","cells","talk","to","each","other","by","releasing","various","messenger","chemicals","and","recognising","them","via","specific","receptors","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One of the most important of these chemicals is acetylcholine.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["One","of","the","most","important","of","these","chemicals","is","acetylcholine","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Through sheer evolutionary bad luck, Nagleria fowleri happens to have receptors that recognise acetylcholine, and it seems to attract them irresistibly, a little like moths that are attracted by light.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":54,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":108,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":113,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":110,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":200,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":114,"token_end":32,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Through","sheer","evolutionary","bad","luck",",","Nagleria","fowleri","happens","to","have","receptors","that","recognise","acetylcholine",",","and","it","seems","to","attract","them","irresistibly",",","a","little","like","moths","that","are","attracted","by","light","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,33,34,34,34,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So as your olfactory nerve cells do their job, using plenty of acetylcholine to talk to the brain, Nagleria fowleri enters your tissue.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":18,"token_start":1},{"end":114,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":21,"token_start":20},{"end":121,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":116,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":123,"token_end":24,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["So","as","your","olfactory","nerve","cells","do","their","job",",","using","plenty","of","acetylcholine","to","talk","to","the","brain",",","Nagleria","fowleri","enters","your","tissue","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"It seems to follow the chemical signals upstream.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","seems","to","follow","the","chemical","signals","upstream","."],"tags":[1,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Neutrophils, crazy suicide warriors, begin to attack the amoebae.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Neutrophils",",","crazy","suicide","warriors",",","begin","to","attack","the","amoebae","."],"tags":[1,0,39,40,40,0,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Individually they have no chance against them, as the invaders are large and pretty buff fighters used to dealing with tough enemies.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":131,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Individually","they","have","no","chance","against","them",",","as","the","invaders","are","large","and","pretty","buff","fighters","used","to","dealing","with","tough","enemies","."],"tags":[13,1,19,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So the defenders swarm the intruders and kill them either by vomiting chemicals that punch holes into them, or by literally ripping parts of them off and devouring them.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":167,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":29,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","the","defenders","swarm","the","intruders","and","kill","them","either","by","vomiting","chemicals","that","punch","holes","into","them",",","or","by","literally","ripping","parts","of","them","off","and","devouring","them","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The Nagleria fowleri train is still on track, and while the neutrophil attacks slow them down, they continue to follow the olfactory nerves to their final destination, your brain.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":178,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":31,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","Nagleria","fowleri","train","is","still","on","track",",","and","while","the","neutrophil","attacks","slow","them","down",",","they","continue","to","follow","the","olfactory","nerves","to","their","final","destination",",","your","brain","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This process can take between 1 and 9 days, and you'll probably not notice anything during that time.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["This","process","can","take","between","1","and","9","days",",","and","you","'ll","probably","not","notice","anything","during","that","time","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Until the amoebae reach the olfactory bulb, the centre of smell and entrance to your brain","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Until","the","amoebae","reach","the","olfactory","bulb",",","the","centre","of","smell","and","entrance","to","your","brain"],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6]}
{"text":"Your brain cells are nothing more than helpless victims, and they all release that wonderful acetylcholine.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Your","brain","cells","are","nothing","more","than","helpless","victims",",","and","they","all","release","that","wonderful","acetylcholine","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Nagleria fowleri initiates a massacre and releases an onslaught of various attack molecules.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Nagleria","fowleri","initiates","a","massacre","and","releases","an","onslaught","of","various","attack","molecules","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Some of them are basically little bombs that rip holes into your cells on contact so their pieces can be eagerly consumed.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":120,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Some","of","them","are","basically","little","bombs","that","rip","holes","into","your","cells","on","contact","so","their","pieces","can","be","eagerly","consumed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But Nagleria fowleri is now multiplying, and it's also becoming really creepy.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","Nagleria","fowleri","is","now","multiplying",",","and","it","'s","also","becoming","really","creepy","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,13,27,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In a feeding frenzy, it can develop up to a dozen suckers called food cups that look like giant eerie mouths.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","a","feeding","frenzy",",","it","can","develop","up","to","a","dozen","suckers","called","food","cups","that","look","like","giant","eerie","mouths","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The amoebae engage your brain cells, suck them in, and rip large bites out of them while they're still alive.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","amoebae","engage","your","brain","cells",",","suck","them","in",",","and","rip","large","bites","out","of","them","while","they","'re","still","alive","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Now things escalate quickly, and the disease that will kill you sets in.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Now","things","escalate","quickly",",","and","the","disease","that","will","kill","you","sets","in","."],"tags":[13,1,19,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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{"text":"Your immune system is dangerous, and not exactly a careful fighter.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","immune","system","is","dangerous",",","and","not","exactly","a","careful","fighter","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's like burning down a forest to kill the wolves inside it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","like","burning","down","a","forest","to","kill","the","wolves","inside","it","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They waste no time and attack the amoeba, using all the weapons available to them, from chemicals to trying to eat them alive.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":125,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":24,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["They","waste","no","time","and","attack","the","amoeba",",","using","all","the","weapons","available","to","them",",","from","chemicals","to","trying","to","eat","them","alive","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Neutrophils explode themselves to erect barriers spiked with deadly chemicals.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Neutrophils","explode","themselves","to","erect","barriers","spiked","with","deadly","chemicals","."],"tags":[1,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A fierce battle ensues.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["A","fierce","battle","ensues","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,0]}
{"text":"Nagleria fowleri can actually fight back, itself attacking and killing many immune cells.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Nagleria","fowleri","can","actually","fight","back",",","itself","attacking","and","killing","many","immune","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,31,32,0,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The immune system now throws everything it has at the invader, but in vain.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","immune","system","now","throws","everything","it","has","at","the","invader",",","but","in","vain","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The complement system, tiny protein bombs that can kill intruders on their own, are easily disabled.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":78,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":13,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":99,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":91,"token_end":17,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["The","complement","system",",","tiny","protein","bombs","that","can","kill","intruders","on","their","own",",","are","easily","disabled","."],"tags":[1,2,2,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,0,15,13,29,0]}
{"text":"Antibodies, usually one of your superweapons, are just destroyed or swallowed.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Antibodies",",","usually","one","of","your","superweapons",",","are","just","destroyed","or","swallowed","."],"tags":[1,0,39,40,40,40,40,0,15,13,29,0,41,0]}
{"text":"A high fever that usually slows enemies down does nothing, as the amoeba actually thrives in the heat.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["A","high","fever","that","usually","slows","enemies","down","does","nothing",",","as","the","amoeba","actually","thrives","in","the","heat","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All the while, the amoebae continue to multiply, fight, and devour your brain cells.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","the","while",",","the","amoebae","continue","to","multiply",",","fight",",","and","devour","your","brain","cells","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A disastrous chain reaction is taking place.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","disastrous","chain","reaction","is","taking","place","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,31,32,0]}
{"text":"One major thing your immune cells do when they fight is to cause inflammation, which directs large amounts of fluid from your bloodstream into the site of an infection.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":167,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":29,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["One","major","thing","your","immune","cells","do","when","they","fight","is","to","cause","inflammation",",","which","directs","large","amounts","of","fluid","from","your","bloodstream","into","the","site","of","an","infection","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So as the battle rages on without a clear winner, more and more fluid enters the brain.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":70,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So","as","the","battle","rages","on","without","a","clear","winner",",","more","and","more","fluid","enters","the","brain","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"At this point, the human will feel symptoms that quickly escalate.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["At","this","point",",","the","human","will","feel","symptoms","that","quickly","escalate","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It all begins pretty vaguely, a headache, fever, nausea, and vomiting.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","all","begins","pretty","vaguely",",","a","headache",",","fever",",","nausea",",","and","vomiting","."],"tags":[13,14,25,13,14,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,0]}
{"text":"As the battle spreads rapidly through the brain, serious symptoms appear, from confusion, inability to concentrate, to fatigue, seizures, and hallucinations.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":66,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":156,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":26,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","the","battle","spreads","rapidly","through","the","brain",",","serious","symptoms","appear",",","from","confusion",",","inability","to","concentrate",",","to","fatigue",",","seizures",",","and","hallucinations","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The brain swells up massively, but can't expand due to the bones surrounding it.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","brain","swells","up","massively",",","but","ca","n't","expand","due","to","the","bones","surrounding","it","."],"tags":[1,2,25,35,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So it compresses and disables the brainstem that controls things like breathing.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","it","compresses","and","disables","the","brainstem","that","controls","things","like","breathing","."],"tags":[13,1,25,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Usually within a week, the patient dies.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Usually","within","a","week",",","the","patient","dies","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,0,1,2,25,0]}
{"text":"Up to 97% of the patients infected by the amoeba share this fate.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Up","to","97","%","of","the","patients","infected","by","the","amoeba","share","this","fate","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"In almost all cases, by the time an infection by Naegleria Fowleri is recognized, the disastrous battle for the brain is already so far along that there is almost nothing to be done.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":14,"token_start":5},{"end":117,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":21,"token_start":16},{"end":120,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":118,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":121,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":141,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":129,"token_end":26,"token_start":24},{"end":181,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":142,"token_end":34,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["In","almost","all","cases",",","by","the","time","an","infection","by","Naegleria","Fowleri","is","recognized",",","the","disastrous","battle","for","the","brain","is","already","so","far","along","that","there","is","almost","nothing","to","be","done","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Not only do we currently not have effective treatments, there are also an abundance of open questions about how an amoeba that usually enjoys its life in open water is able to overcome our immune system so effectively.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":216,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":38,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Not","only","do","we","currently","not","have","effective","treatments",",","there","are","also","an","abundance","of","open","questions","about","how","an","amoeba","that","usually","enjoys","its","life","in","open","water","is","able","to","overcome","our","immune","system","so","effectively","."],"tags":[0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,3,19,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"While the Naegleria Fowleri is clearly extremely deadly, and the infection truly horrible, there have only been a few hundred cases in the last few decades.","spans":[{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":95,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":100,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":97,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":110,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":107,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":130,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":22,"token_start":19},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":132,"token_end":27,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["While","the","Naegleria","Fowleri","is","clearly","extremely","deadly",",","and","the","infection","truly","horrible",",","there","have","only","been","a","few","hundred","cases","in","the","last","few","decades","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,13,29,1,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You are way more likely to drown in a pool than to get infected.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","are","way","more","likely","to","drown","in","a","pool","than","to","get","infected","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Not only does the amoeba need to be flushed high up your nose, it also needs to get a good grip, and it also has to make its way through the first lines of your defenses.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":169,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":37,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Not","only","does","the","amoeba","need","to","be","flushed","high","up","your","nose",",","it","also","needs","to","get","a","good","grip",",","and","it","also","has","to","make","its","way","through","the","first","lines","of","your","defenses","."],"tags":[0,0,15,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Ultimately, Naegleria Fowleri is neither evil nor a huge public health risk.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Ultimately",",","Naegleria","Fowleri","is","neither","evil","nor","a","huge","public","health","risk","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And every year, some unlucky people have to deal with it.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","every","year",",","some","unlucky","people","have","to","deal","with","it","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,2,17,18,31,32,5,0]}
{"text":"We still have so much to learn about it, and until we find a way to treat it, Naegleria Fowleri will continue to be this vague and horrifying thing, hunting in puddles and lakes, and sometimes pools.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":198,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":40,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","still","have","so","much","to","learn","about","it",",","and","until","we","find","a","way","to","treat","it",",","Naegleria","Fowleri","will","continue","to","be","this","vague","and","horrifying","thing",",","hunting","in","puddles","and","lakes",",","and","sometimes","pools","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Who are you?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Who","are","you","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,0]}
{"text":"It's me, your existential dread.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","me",",","your","existential","dread","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"I'm here to make you question your own existence and everything you hold dear in life.","spans":[{"end":0,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":1,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["I","'m","here","to","make","you","question","your","own","existence","and","everything","you","hold","dear","in","life","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Could you not please?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Could","you","not","please","?"],"tags":[15,1,37,19,0]}
{"text":"Just look at all these amazing posters full of humbling visualizations, like the scale of the universe.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Just","look","at","all","these","amazing","posters","full","of","humbling","visualizations",",","like","the","scale","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Look how huge it is, and how small you are.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":10,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Look","how","huge","it","is",",","and","how","small","you","are","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Look at the education edition, how it dives deep into the history of evolution or all the other scientific fields to make you feel bad for all the stuff you don't know.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":113,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":20,"token_start":6},{"end":167,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":114,"token_end":33,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Look","at","the","education","edition",",","how","it","dives","deep","into","the","history","of","evolution","or","all","the","other","scientific","fields","to","make","you","feel","bad","for","all","the","stuff","you","do","n't","know","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,0,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Or look at this one, it glows in the dark.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Or","look","at","this","one",",","it","glows","in","the","dark","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,1,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But dread, these do make me feel good, actually.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","dread",",","these","do","make","me","feel","good",",","actually","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,15,19,5,33,34,0,13,0]}
{"text":"They do fill me with excitement and awe about how amazing our universe is, and I love learning.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":13,"token_start":4},{"end":78,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["They","do","fill","me","with","excitement","and","awe","about","how","amazing","our","universe","is",",","and","I","love","learning","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And look how pretty they are.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["And","look","how","pretty","they","are","."],"tags":[0,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"I can't persist in the presence of awe!","spans":[{"end":0,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":6,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["I","ca","n't","persist","in","the","presence","of","awe","!"],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"you can get these and many, many more amazing posters or shirts, or so many more things, in our shop.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":18,"token_start":3},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":22,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["you","can","get","these","and","many",",","many","more","amazing","posters","or","shirts",",","or","so","many","more","things",",","in","our","shop","."],"tags":[1,15,21,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We put as much care into our products as into our videos, trying to find something clever or a new angle that will challenge your perspective while still teaching you the core aspects.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":183,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":33,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["We","put","as","much","care","into","our","products","as","into","our","videos",",","trying","to","find","something","clever","or","a","new","angle","that","will","challenge","your","perspective","while","still","teaching","you","the","core","aspects","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's the best way to support what we do on this channel.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","the","best","way","to","support","what","we","do","on","this","channel","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Consciousness is perhaps the biggest riddle in nature.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Consciousness","is","perhaps","the","biggest","riddle","in","nature","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Stripped to its core meaning, consciousness is what allows us to be aware both of our surroundings and of our own inner state.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":124,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":23,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Stripped","to","its","core","meaning",",","consciousness","is","what","allows","us","to","be","aware","both","of","our","surroundings","and","of","our","own","inner","state","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But thinking about consciousness has this habit of taking us round in circles.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","thinking","about","consciousness","has","this","habit","of","taking","us","round","in","circles","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We all intuitively know what consciousness is.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","all","intuitively","know","what","consciousness","is","."],"tags":[1,2,13,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's this.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","this","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It's what you're experiencing here, right now.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","what","you","'re","experiencing","here",",","right","now","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But once we try to pinpoint just what exactly it is, it leaves us grasping at thin air.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":85,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["But","once","we","try","to","pinpoint","just","what","exactly","it","is",",","it","leaves","us","grasping","at","thin","air","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Philosophers and scientists struggle to define consciousness.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Philosophers","and","scientists","struggle","to","define","consciousness","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Different schools and ideas compete with one another, but no one has come close to figuring it out.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Different","schools","and","ideas","compete","with","one","another",",","but","no","one","has","come","close","to","figuring","it","out","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's unsettling to realize that we don't understand what makes us aware of ourselves and the world.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","unsettling","to","realize","that","we","do","n't","understand","what","makes","us","aware","of","ourselves","and","the","world","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In this fuzzy area, consciousness and intelligence are also related, although they are not the same.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","this","fuzzy","area",",","consciousness","and","intelligence","are","also","related",",","although","they","are","not","the","same","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,13,29,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We'll talk in greater depth about theories of consciousness and intelligence in other videos.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","'ll","talk","in","greater","depth","about","theories","of","consciousness","and","intelligence","in","other","videos","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Like much of what makes us human, our consciousness is likely to have evolved from less complex forms as a product of evolution by natural selection.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":147,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":26,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Like","much","of","what","makes","us","human",",","our","consciousness","is","likely","to","have","evolved","from","less","complex","forms","as","a","product","of","evolution","by","natural","selection","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It has probably emerged from an immense, several hundred million year sequence of countless microsteps that together make up a sort of gradient of consciousness.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":160,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":25,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","has","probably","emerged","from","an","immense",",","several","hundred","million","year","sequence","of","countless","microsteps","that","together","make","up","a","sort","of","gradient","of","consciousness","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What was the first step on this path from the non-conscious to the basic consciousness that ultimately led to the convoluted consciousness we humans enjoy today?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":159,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":27,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","was","the","first","step","on","this","path","from","the","non","-","conscious","to","the","basic","consciousness","that","ultimately","led","to","the","convoluted","consciousness","we","humans","enjoy","today","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Take a stone.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Take","a","stone","."],"tags":[19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The consensus is that a stone is not conscious, though not everyone agrees even on this.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","consensus","is","that","a","stone","is","not","conscious",",","though","not","everyone","agrees","even","on","this","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Some panpsychists claim that a lump of rock may have an inner life.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","panpsychists","claim","that","a","lump","of","rock","may","have","an","inner","life","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"However, there are no real grounds for any such assumption, since stones never show behavior.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["However",",","there","are","no","real","grounds","for","any","such","assumption",",","since","stones","never","show","behavior","."],"tags":[13,0,3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Their inner life can neither be proven nor disproven.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Their","inner","life","can","neither","be","proven","nor","disproven","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,0,15,29,0,41,0]}
{"text":"A more common starting point is with living things.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","more","common","starting","point","is","with","living","things","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A living thing or a self is a part of the universe that sustains itself and makes more of its kind.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","living","thing","or","a","self","is","a","part","of","the","universe","that","sustains","itself","and","makes","more","of","its","kind","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"To do so, it needs energy.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["To","do","so",",","it","needs","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,0]}
{"text":"And this is where an awareness of the world comes in handy.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","this","is","where","an","awareness","of","the","world","comes","in","handy","."],"tags":[0,1,25,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The original function of consciousness was probably to direct a mobile self that was short of energy to a fresh supply of food.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":126,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","original","function","of","consciousness","was","probably","to","direct","a","mobile","self","that","was","short","of","energy","to","a","fresh","supply","of","food","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On the smaller scales of life, you don't need to be aware to find food.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["On","the","smaller","scales","of","life",",","you","do","n't","need","to","be","aware","to","find","food","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Tricoplax adherens, one of the simplest of all animals, moves around haphazardly.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Tricoplax","adherens",",","one","of","the","simplest","of","all","animals",",","moves","around","haphazardly","."],"tags":[1,2,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,0,25,35,13,0]}
{"text":"It slows down in the presence of food and speeds up in its absence.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","slows","down","in","the","presence","of","food","and","speeds","up","in","its","absence","."],"tags":[1,25,35,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This is highly effective and makes the tiny creature spend more time where there is food than where there is not.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","is","highly","effective","and","makes","the","tiny","creature","spend","more","time","where","there","is","food","than","where","there","is","not","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But it never moves in a particular direction towards a particular target, and there's no need for it to be conscious of its environment.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":77,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":135,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","it","never","moves","in","a","particular","direction","towards","a","particular","target",",","and","there","'s","no","need","for","it","to","be","conscious","of","its","environment","."],"tags":[0,1,37,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The first major step towards consciousness was probably taken when mobile selves started to move themselves directionally.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","first","major","step","towards","consciousness","was","probably","taken","when","mobile","selves","started","to","move","themselves","directionally","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Moving towards what was good for them, say food, and away from what was less good, say someone else who thought that they were food.","spans":[{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":83,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":131,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":27,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Moving","towards","what","was","good","for","them",",","say","food",",","and","away","from","what","was","less","good",",","say","someone","else","who","thought","that","they","were","food","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Take Degysia tigrina, a tiny worm known for its funny face.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":11,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Take","Degysia","tigrina",",","a","tiny","worm","known","for","its","funny","face","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Sometimes the worm is hungry and sometimes not.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Sometimes","the","worm","is","hungry","and","sometimes","not","."],"tags":[13,1,2,21,11,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"This means that when it moves, the worm self is not simply producing an automatic response to an external stimulus,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":114,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","that","when","it","moves",",","the","worm","self","is","not","simply","producing","an","automatic","response","to","an","external","stimulus",","],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"but that its actions depend upon its inner physiological state, whether it's hungry or sated.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["but","that","its","actions","depend","upon","its","inner","physiological","state",",","whether","it","'s","hungry","or","sated","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When it's just eaten, the worm is less energetic, but when starved for a while, it will move itself in the direction of tasty things.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":132,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":28,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["When","it","'s","just","eaten",",","the","worm","is","less","energetic",",","but","when","starved","for","a","while",",","it","will","move","itself","in","the","direction","of","tasty","things","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It uses chemoreceptors on its head to smell its environment and guide it in the direction where the scent of food is strongest.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":22,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","uses","chemoreceptors","on","its","head","to","smell","its","environment","and","guide","it","in","the","direction","where","the","scent","of","food","is","strongest","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After finding and eating a meal, our worm buddy heads back to a dark, sheltered spot to digest it in safety, until it's hungry again.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":17,"token_start":11},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":22,"token_start":18},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":28,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["After","finding","and","eating","a","meal",",","our","worm","buddy","heads","back","to","a","dark",",","sheltered","spot","to","digest","it","in","safety",",","until","it","'s","hungry","again","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But animals that blindly follow their sense of smell don't have a concrete objective in view.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":92,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["But","animals","that","blindly","follow","their","sense","of","smell","do","n't","have","a","concrete","objective","in","view","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,33,34,0]}
{"text":"They still lack any sense of where they are heading.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","still","lack","any","sense","of","where","they","are","heading","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So the next step on the ladder of consciousness is to add some perception at a distance, like vision.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","the","next","step","on","the","ladder","of","consciousness","is","to","add","some","perception","at","a","distance",",","like","vision","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Vision adds context and depth to our world.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Vision","adds","context","and","depth","to","our","world","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"With vision comes a sense of the space we and our food exist in.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["With","vision","comes","a","sense","of","the","space","we","and","our","food","exist","in","."],"tags":[13,14,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It adds a whole new dimension to awareness and is a huge step towards more familiar consciousness.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":96,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","adds","a","whole","new","dimension","to","awareness","and","is","a","huge","step","towards","more","familiar","consciousness","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"An optical apparatus like an eye enables us to visualize our goal and lock onto it.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":82,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["An","optical","apparatus","like","an","eye","enables","us","to","visualize","our","goal","and","lock","onto","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But even at this stage, a self is only able to pursue its food as long as it sees it.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["But","even","at","this","stage",",","a","self","is","only","able","to","pursue","its","food","as","long","as","it","sees","it","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,17,13,17,18,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So the next logical step needs to happen on the inside.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","the","next","logical","step","needs","to","happen","on","the","inside","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To visualize food in its absence, for example, a self needs to create some sort of inner representation of the world.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":116,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["To","visualize","food","in","its","absence",",","for","example",",","a","self","needs","to","create","some","sort","of","inner","representation","of","the","world","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Now an animal can continue looking for food even when it escapes its sensory range.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Now","an","animal","can","continue","looking","for","food","even","when","it","escapes","its","sensory","range","."],"tags":[13,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Because of this inner representation of what is relevant in the world, it can remain focused on its food and its desire to get it.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":83,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":128,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":25,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Because","of","this","inner","representation","of","what","is","relevant","in","the","world",",","it","can","remain","focused","on","its","food","and","its","desire","to","get","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Our self now exists in a world it can get familiar with.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Our","self","now","exists","in","a","world","it","can","get","familiar","with","."],"tags":[1,2,13,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The ability to remember things has emerged.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","ability","to","remember","things","has","emerged","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"Thanks to memory, animals can be distracted from a pursuit for a few seconds, but quickly continue their path afterwards.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":80,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":82,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Thanks","to","memory",",","animals","can","be","distracted","from","a","pursuit","for","a","few","seconds",",","but","quickly","continue","their","path","afterwards","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"A related phenomenon is called object permanence.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","related","phenomenon","is","called","object","permanence","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,33,34,0]}
{"text":"This describes our awareness that things continue to exist even when we can't see them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","describes","our","awareness","that","things","continue","to","exist","even","when","we","ca","n't","see","them","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This cognitive skill is enjoyed by some mammals and birds, and perhaps other animals too.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","cognitive","skill","is","enjoyed","by","some","mammals","and","birds",",","and","perhaps","other","animals","too","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Human babies tend to develop this ability around the time they turn eight months, while baby chickens show this ability within a day or two of being born.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":80,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":13,"token_start":3},{"end":153,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":28,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Human","babies","tend","to","develop","this","ability","around","the","time","they","turn","eight","months",",","while","baby","chickens","show","this","ability","within","a","day","or","two","of","being","born","."],"tags":[1,2,19,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The capacity to remember a thing in its absence suggests at least a basic sense of time.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","capacity","to","remember","a","thing","in","its","absence","suggests","at","least","a","basic","sense","of","time","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A sense of time is a big step on the ladder of consciousness.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","sense","of","time","is","a","big","step","on","the","ladder","of","consciousness","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It may also enable a self to look forward from the present moment and anticipate the future.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":91,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","may","also","enable","a","self","to","look","forward","from","the","present","moment","and","anticipate","the","future","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Adult chickens, for example, are able to resist a meal put in front of them if they expect to receive a bigger meal as a prize for holding back for a while.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":16,"token_start":10},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":33,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Adult","chickens",",","for","example",",","are","able","to","resist","a","meal","put","in","front","of","them","if","they","expect","to","receive","a","bigger","meal","as","a","prize","for","holding","back","for","a","while","."],"tags":[1,2,0,13,14,0,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This sort of delayed gratification means there is an ability to visualize a reward that only exists in the future, which can be quite a challenge even for adult humans.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":167,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":30,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","sort","of","delayed","gratification","means","there","is","an","ability","to","visualize","a","reward","that","only","exists","in","the","future",",","which","can","be","quite","a","challenge","even","for","adult","humans","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Western scrub jays are experts in delayed gratification.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Western","scrub","jays","are","experts","in","delayed","gratification","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They show an even more elaborate sense of the future when they hide food in a cache to retrieve it at a later date.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":23,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["They","show","an","even","more","elaborate","sense","of","the","future","when","they","hide","food","in","a","cache","to","retrieve","it","at","a","later","date","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This means that they know that there are other hungry selves out there who are aware and see the world from their own, different perspective.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":140,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":25,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","that","they","know","that","there","are","other","hungry","selves","out","there","who","are","aware","and","see","the","world","from","their","own",",","different","perspective","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Crafty scrub jays can sort of read the mind of their fellow birds.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Crafty","scrub","jays","can","sort","of","read","the","mind","of","their","fellow","birds","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,14,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This ability to mind-read is crucial for complex levels of consciousness.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","ability","to","mind","-","read","is","crucial","for","complex","levels","of","consciousness","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"By putting yourself in the position of others, you can outsmart a rich competitor or empathize with a hungry friend.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":83,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":85,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["By","putting","yourself","in","the","position","of","others",",","you","can","outsmart","a","rich","competitor","or","empathize","with","a","hungry","friend","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Language takes the ability to read minds and represent what is absent to a whole new level.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Language","takes","the","ability","to","read","minds","and","represent","what","is","absent","to","a","whole","new","level","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Words enable us to construct hypotheses about the world, make detailed plans and to communicate them with others.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":112,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Words","enable","us","to","construct","hypotheses","about","the","world",",","make","detailed","plans","and","to","communicate","them","with","others","."],"tags":[1,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Words enable us to think about ourselves and our place in the universe, and even about our own consciousness, which is something we'll be doing more in future videos.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":165,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":31,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Words","enable","us","to","think","about","ourselves","and","our","place","in","the","universe",",","and","even","about","our","own","consciousness",",","which","is","something","we","'ll","be","doing","more","in","future","videos","."],"tags":[1,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"So what is the origin of our consciousness?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","what","is","the","origin","of","our","consciousness","?"],"tags":[13,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It probably began as the directed motion of a hungry self towards a source of food, with the survival benefits this gave it over competitors that moved at random or not at all.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":15,"token_start":3},{"end":174,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":33,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["It","probably","began","as","the","directed","motion","of","a","hungry","self","towards","a","source","of","food",",","with","the","survival","benefits","this","gave","it","over","competitors","that","moved","at","random","or","not","at","all","."],"tags":[1,13,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It probably all started with the urge for more food.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","probably","all","started","with","the","urge","for","more","food","."],"tags":[1,13,13,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"it's not surprising that we can't stop thinking about where we'll get our next meal.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["it","'s","not","surprising","that","we","ca","n't","stop","thinking","about","where","we","'ll","get","our","next","meal","."],"tags":[3,21,37,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Collectively, we've put so much thought and ingenuity into getting food, that we can now just get our food to come to us, with little conscious effort.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Collectively",",","we","'ve","put","so","much","thought","and","ingenuity","into","getting","food",",","that","we","can","now","just","get","our","food","to","come","to","us",",","with","little","conscious","effort","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This video is part one of a three-part video series relating to big questions of life and the universe, made possible by a grant from the Templeton World Charity Foundation.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":171,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":32,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","video","is","part","one","of","a","three","-","part","video","series","relating","to","big","questions","of","life","and","the","universe",",","made","possible","by","a","grant","from","the","Templeton","World","Charity","Foundation","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You can find our sources and further reading in the video description or get The Consciousness Book by Rupert Glasgow for free, link down below.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":142,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":25,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["You","can","find","our","sources","and","further","reading","in","the","video","description","or","get","The","Consciousness","Book","by","Rupert","Glasgow","for","free",",","link","down","below","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"If you want to help us make more videos, you can do so on patreon.com or get one of our posters from our shop.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":71,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":24,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","help","us","make","more","videos",",","you","can","do","so","on","patreon.com","or","get","one","of","our","posters","from","our","shop","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Today, we're doing something different.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Today",",","we","'re","doing","something","different","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,27,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Our friend John Green will read a story from his podcast, The Anthropocene Reviewed.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Our","friend","John","Green","will","read","a","story","from","his","podcast",",","The","Anthropocene","Reviewed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We hope you enjoy it, and we'll be back with a regular video soon.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","hope","you","enjoy","it",",","and","we","'ll","be","back","with","a","regular","video","soon","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So if you've ever been or had a child, you will likely already be familiar with hand stencils.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So","if","you","'ve","ever","been","or","had","a","child",",","you","will","likely","already","be","familiar","with","hand","stencils","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,13,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They were the first figurative art made by both our kids.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","were","the","first","figurative","art","made","by","both","our","kids","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Somewhere between the ages of two and three, my children spread the fingers of one hand out across a piece of paper and then, with the help of a parent, traced their five fingers.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":88,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":22,"token_start":18},{"end":119,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":116,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":178,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":120,"token_end":36,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["Somewhere","between","the","ages","of","two","and","three",",","my","children","spread","the","fingers","of","one","hand","out","across","a","piece","of","paper","and","then",",","with","the","help","of","a","parent",",","traced","their","five","fingers","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,35,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"I remember my son's face as he lifted his hand and looked absolutely shocked to see the shape of his hand still on the paper, a semi-permanent record of himself.","spans":[{"end":0,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":159,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":33,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["I","remember","my","son","'s","face","as","he","lifted","his","hand","and","looked","absolutely","shocked","to","see","the","shape","of","his","hand","still","on","the","paper",",","a","semi","-","permanent","record","of","himself","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"I am extremely happy that my children are no longer three, and yet to look at their little hands from those early artworks is to be inundated with a strange, soul-splitting joy.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":176,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":35,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["I","am","extremely","happy","that","my","children","are","no","longer","three",",","and","yet","to","look","at","their","little","hands","from","those","early","artworks","is","to","be","inundated","with","a","strange",",","soul","-","splitting","joy","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Those pictures remind me that they are not just growing up, but also growing away from me, running toward their own lives.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":121,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Those","pictures","remind","me","that","they","are","not","just","growing","up",",","but","also","growing","away","from","me",",","running","toward","their","own","lives","."],"tags":[1,2,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"But of course, that's meaning I am applying to their hand stencils, and that complicated relationship between art and its viewers is never more fraught than when we are looking deeply into the past.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":71,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":197,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":36,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","of","course",",","that","'s","meaning","I","am","applying","to","their","hand","stencils",",","and","that","complicated","relationship","between","art","and","its","viewers","is","never","more","fraught","than","when","we","are","looking","deeply","into","the","past","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In September of 1940, an 18-year-old mechanic named Marcel Ravidat was walking his dog, Robot, in the countryside of southwestern France when the dog disappeared down a hole.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":14,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":20,"token_start":17},{"end":136,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":27,"token_start":22},{"end":173,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":137,"token_end":34,"token_start":28}],"tokens":["In","September","of","1940",",","an","18","-","year","-","old","mechanic","named","Marcel","Ravidat","was","walking","his","dog",",","Robot",",","in","the","countryside","of","southwestern","France","when","the","dog","disappeared","down","a","hole","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Robot eventually returned, but the next day, Ravidat went to the spot with three friends to explore the hole.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Robot","eventually","returned",",","but","the","next","day",",","Ravidat","went","to","the","spot","with","three","friends","to","explore","the","hole","."],"tags":[1,13,23,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And after quite a bit of digging, they discovered a cave with walls covered with paintings,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","after","quite","a","bit","of","digging",",","they","discovered","a","cave","with","walls","covered","with","paintings",","],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The paintings were astonishingly detailed and vivid, with red, yellow,","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","paintings","were","astonishingly","detailed","and","vivid",",","with","red",",","yellow",","],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It would eventually be established that these artworks were at least 17,000 years old.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":85,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","would","eventually","be","established","that","these","artworks","were","at","least","17,000","years","old","."],"tags":[3,15,13,15,29,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Two of the boys who visited the cave that day were so profoundly moved by the art they saw that they camped outside the cave to protect it for over a year.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":14},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":31,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Two","of","the","boys","who","visited","the","cave","that","day","were","so","profoundly","moved","by","the","art","they","saw","that","they","camped","outside","the","cave","to","protect","it","for","over","a","year","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,14,29,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After World War II, the French government took over protection of the site, and the cave was opened to the public in 1948.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":80,"token_end":24,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["After","World","War","II",",","the","French","government","took","over","protection","of","the","site",",","and","the","cave","was","opened","to","the","public","in","1948","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"When Picasso saw the cave paintings on a visit that year, he reportedly said, We have invented nothing.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["When","Picasso","saw","the","cave","paintings","on","a","visit","that","year",",","he","reportedly","said",",","We","have","invented","nothing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,23,0,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There are many mysteries at Lascaux.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["There","are","many","mysteries","at","Lascaux","."],"tags":[3,19,1,2,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Why, for instance, are there no paintings of reindeer, which we know were the primary source of food for the Paleolithic humans who lived in that cave?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":149,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":29,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Why",",","for","instance",",","are","there","no","paintings","of","reindeer",",","which","we","know","were","the","primary","source","of","food","for","the","Paleolithic","humans","who","lived","in","that","cave","?"],"tags":[13,0,13,14,0,19,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Why were they so much more focused on painting animals than painting human forms?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Why","were","they","so","much","more","focused","on","painting","animals","than","painting","human","forms","?"],"tags":[13,21,1,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Why are certain areas of the cave filled with images, including pictures on the ceiling that required the building of scaffolding to create,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":138,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":23,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Why","are","certain","areas","of","the","cave","filled","with","images",",","including","pictures","on","the","ceiling","that","required","the","building","of","scaffolding","to","create",","],"tags":[13,15,1,2,2,2,2,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"while other areas have only a few paintings?","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["while","other","areas","have","only","a","few","paintings","?"],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And were the paintings spiritual?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","were","the","paintings","spiritual","?"],"tags":[0,21,1,2,11,0]}
{"text":"Here are our sacred animals.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Here","are","our","sacred","animals","."],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Or were they practical?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Or","were","they","practical","?"],"tags":[0,21,1,11,0]}
{"text":"Here is a guide to some of the animals that might kill you.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Here","is","a","guide","to","some","of","the","animals","that","might","kill","you","."],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Aside from the animals, there are nearly a thousand abstract signs and shapes we cannot interpret, and also several negative hand stencils, as they are known by art historians.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":174,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":32,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Aside","from","the","animals",",","there","are","nearly","a","thousand","abstract","signs","and","shapes","we","can","not","interpret",",","and","also","several","negative","hand","stencils",",","as","they","are","known","by","art","historians","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"These are the paintings that most interest me.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["These","are","the","paintings","that","most","interest","me","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They were created by pressing one hand with fingers splayed against the wall of the cave, and then blowing pigment, leaving the area around the hand painted.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":28,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","were","created","by","pressing","one","hand","with","fingers","splayed","against","the","wall","of","the","cave",",","and","then","blowing","pigment",",","leaving","the","area","around","the","hand","painted","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Similar hand stencils have been found in caves around the world, from Indonesia to Spain to Australia to the Americas to Africa.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Similar","hand","stencils","have","been","found","in","caves","around","the","world",",","from","Indonesia","to","Spain","to","Australia","to","the","Americas","to","Africa","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We have found these memories of hands from 15 or 30 or even 40,000 years ago.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","have","found","these","memories","of","hands","from","15","or","30","or","even","40,000","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"These hand stencils remind us of how different life was in the distant past.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["These","hand","stencils","remind","us","of","how","different","life","was","in","the","distant","past","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,35,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,0]}
{"text":"Amputations, likely from frostbite, are common in Europe, and so you often see negative hand stencils with three or four fingers.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Amputations",",","likely","from","frostbite",",","are","common","in","Europe",",","and","so","you","often","see","negative","hand","stencils","with","three","or","four","fingers","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,0,21,11,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And life was short and difficult.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","life","was","short","and","difficult","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"As many as a quarter of women died in childbirth.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["As","many","as","a","quarter","of","women","died","in","childbirth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Around 50% of children died before the age of five.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Around","50","%","of","children","died","before","the","age","of","five","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But they also remind us that the humans of the past were as human as we are.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","they","also","remind","us","that","the","humans","of","the","past","were","as","human","as","we","are","."],"tags":[0,1,13,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"These communities hunted and gathered, and there were no large caloric surpluses, so every healthy person would have had to contribute to the acquisition of food and water.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":170,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":29,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["These","communities","hunted","and","gathered",",","and","there","were","no","large","caloric","surpluses",",","so","every","healthy","person","would","have","had","to","contribute","to","the","acquisition","of","food","and","water","."],"tags":[1,2,23,0,23,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And yet somehow, they still made time to create art, almost as if art isn't optional for humans.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","yet","somehow",",","they","still","made","time","to","create","art",",","almost","as","if","art","is","n't","optional","for","humans","."],"tags":[0,0,13,0,1,13,23,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We see all kinds of hands stenciled on cave walls, children and adults, but almost always the fingers are spread, like my kids' hand stencils.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":13,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":141,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":76,"token_end":28,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["We","see","all","kinds","of","hands","stenciled","on","cave","walls",",","children","and","adults",",","but","almost","always","the","fingers","are","spread",",","like","my","kids","'","hand","stencils","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"I'm no Jungian, but it's fascinating and a little strange that so many Paleolithic humans who couldn't possibly have had any contact with each other,","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":1,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":20,"token_end":28,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["I","'m","no","Jungian",",","but","it","'s","fascinating","and","a","little","strange","that","so","many","Paleolithic","humans","who","could","n't","possibly","have","had","any","contact","with","each","other",","],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But then again, what the Lascaux art means to me is likely very different from what it meant to the people who made it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":117,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","then","again",",","what","the","Lascaux","art","means","to","me","is","likely","very","different","from","what","it","meant","to","the","people","who","made","it","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Some academics theorize that the hand stencils were part of hunting rituals.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","academics","theorize","that","the","hand","stencils","were","part","of","hunting","rituals","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Then there's always the possibility that the hand was just a convenient model situated at the end of the wrist.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":109,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Then","there","'s","always","the","possibility","that","the","hand","was","just","a","convenient","model","situated","at","the","end","of","the","wrist","."],"tags":[13,3,25,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"To me though, the hand stencils at Lascaux say, I was here.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","me","though",",","the","hand","stencils","at","Lascaux","say",",","I","was","here","."],"tags":[13,14,13,0,1,2,2,2,2,19,0,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They say, you are not new.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","say",",","you","are","not","new","."],"tags":[1,19,0,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And because they are negative prints surrounded by red pigment, they also look to me like something out of a horror movie.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["And","because","they","are","negative","prints","surrounded","by","red","pigment",",","they","also","look","to","me","like","something","out","of","a","horror","movie","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They remind me that, as Alice Walker wrote, all history is current.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","remind","me","that",",","as","Alice","Walker","wrote",",","all","history","is","current","."],"tags":[1,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"The Lascaux cave has been closed to the public for many years now.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","Lascaux","cave","has","been","closed","to","the","public","for","many","years","now","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,13,0]}
{"text":"Too many contemporary humans breathing inside of it led to the growth of mold and lichens, which has damaged some of the art.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Too","many","contemporary","humans","breathing","inside","of","it","led","to","the","growth","of","mold","and","lichens",",","which","has","damaged","some","of","the","art","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Just the act of looking at something can ruin it, I guess.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Just","the","act","of","looking","at","something","can","ruin","it",",","I","guess","."],"tags":[5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,1,19,0]}
{"text":"But tourists can still visit an imitation cave called Lascaux 2, in which the artwork has been meticulously recreated.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":116,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","tourists","can","still","visit","an","imitation","cave","called","Lascaux","2",",","in","which","the","artwork","has","been","meticulously","recreated","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Humans making fake cave art to save real cave art may feel like peak Anthropocene behavior.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Humans","making","fake","cave","art","to","save","real","cave","art","may","feel","like","peak","Anthropocene","behavior","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But I have to confess that even though I am a jaded and cynical semi-professional reviewer of human activity,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","I","have","to","confess","that","even","though","I","am","a","jaded","and","cynical","semi","-","professional","reviewer","of","human","activity",","],"tags":[0,1,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"I actually find it overwhelmingly hopeful that four teenagers and a dog named Robot discovered a cave with 17,000 year old handprints.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":21,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["I","actually","find","it","overwhelmingly","hopeful","that","four","teenagers","and","a","dog","named","Robot","discovered","a","cave","with","17,000","year","old","handprints","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,33,34,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That the cave was so overwhelmingly beautiful that two of those teenagers devoted themselves to its protection.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":110,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["That","the","cave","was","so","overwhelmingly","beautiful","that","two","of","those","teenagers","devoted","themselves","to","its","protection","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And that when we humans became a danger to that cave's beauty, we agreed to stop going.","spans":[{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["And","that","when","we","humans","became","a","danger","to","that","cave","'s","beauty",",","we","agreed","to","stop","going","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Lascaux is there.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Lascaux","is","there","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"You cannot visit.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","can","not","visit","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,0]}
{"text":"You can go to the fake cave we've built and see nearly identical hand stencils.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["You","can","go","to","the","fake","cave","we","'ve","built","and","see","nearly","identical","hand","stencils","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But you will know this is not the thing itself, but a shadow of it.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","you","will","know","this","is","not","the","thing","itself",",","but","a","shadow","of","it","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is a handprint, but not a hand.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","a","handprint",",","but","not","a","hand","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This is a memory that you cannot return to.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","a","memory","that","you","can","not","return","to","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"All of which makes the cave very much like the past it represents.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["All","of","which","makes","the","cave","very","much","like","the","past","it","represents","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"We hope you enjoyed this video, even if it was different.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","hope","you","enjoyed","this","video",",","even","if","it","was","different","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Check out John Green's podcast, The Anthropocene Reviewed, where he poetically reviews the human world we live in.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":113,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Check","out","John","Green","'s","podcast",",","The","Anthropocene","Reviewed",",","where","he","poetically","reviews","the","human","world","we","live","in","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"John is a good friend of Kurzgesagt.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["John","is","a","good","friend","of","Kurzgesagt","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In fact, without his channel Crash Course, that he and his brother Hank started years ago, Kurzgesagt would not exist,","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":17,"token_start":3},{"end":100,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":106,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":102,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":110,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":108,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":116,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":112,"token_end":22,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","without","his","channel","Crash","Course",",","that","he","and","his","brother","Hank","started","years","ago",",","Kurzgesagt","would","not","exist",","],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,0]}
{"text":"because it was the original inspiration for what we do today.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["because","it","was","the","original","inspiration","for","what","we","do","today","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And over the years, John and Hank have helped us in a multitude of ways, from advice to just being friends.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","over","the","years",",","John","and","Hank","have","helped","us","in","a","multitude","of","ways",",","from","advice","to","just","being","friends","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Also check out The Anthropocene Reviewed or any of their many channels.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Also","check","out","The","Anthropocene","Reviewed","or","any","of","their","many","channels","."],"tags":[13,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is what happens when your body fights cancer.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","what","happens","when","your","body","fights","cancer","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"How does this battle for survival unfold?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["How","does","this","battle","for","survival","unfold","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,2,2,19,0]}
{"text":"It all begins with a single corrupted cell.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","all","begins","with","a","single","corrupted","cell","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At this point, things are not great, not terrible.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["At","this","point",",","things","are","not","great",",","not","terrible","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This cell is not yet dangerous, but if nothing happens, it soon will be.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","cell","is","not","yet","dangerous",",","but","if","nothing","happens",",","it","soon","will","be","."],"tags":[1,2,21,37,13,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Over a few weeks, the corrupted cell keeps making copies of itself.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Over","a","few","weeks",",","the","corrupted","cell","keeps","making","copies","of","itself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"One cell turns into dozens, hundreds, thousands.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["One","cell","turns","into","dozens",",","hundreds",",","thousands","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Because the original was broken, its copies are breaking and mutating even more.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Because","the","original","was","broken",",","its","copies","are","breaking","and","mutating","even","more","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,27,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They turn into different genetic lineages, clans that are working together and competing.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","turn","into","different","genetic","lineages",",","clans","that","are","working","together","and","competing","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Some mutate in a way that makes them weaker, others mutations don't change anything, while a few become fitter and better at survival.","spans":[{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Some","mutate","in","a","way","that","makes","them","weaker",",","others","mutations","do","n't","change","anything",",","while","a","few","become","fitter","and","better","at","survival","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,2,15,37,19,5,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Together, they now form a tiny, tiny tumor.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Together",",","they","now","form","a","tiny",",","tiny","tumor","."],"tags":[13,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The growing tumor needs a lot of resources.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","growing","tumor","needs","a","lot","of","resources","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If the cells don't get food and oxygen, they'll die and the problem just solves itself.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":55,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","the","cells","do","n't","get","food","and","oxygen",",","they","'ll","die","and","the","problem","just","solves","itself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, a few corrupted cells unlock a new mutation that saves them, the ability to order the growth of new blood vessels.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":127,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":23,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","a","few","corrupted","cells","unlock","a","new","mutation","that","saves","them",",","the","ability","to","order","the","growth","of","new","blood","vessels","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And so, your body provides the supply they need to survive.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","so",",","your","body","provides","the","supply","they","need","to","survive","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"Neighboring healthy cells begin to starve and die, which attracts attention.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Neighboring","healthy","cells","begin","to","starve","and","die",",","which","attracts","attention","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In a sense, this tiny tumor is like a rogue town.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","a","sense",",","this","tiny","tumor","is","like","a","rogue","town","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Imagine a group of rebels in Brooklyn decide that they're no longer part of New York and start a new settlement called Tumor Town, which happens to occupy the same space.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":169,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":32,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","a","group","of","rebels","in","Brooklyn","decide","that","they","'re","no","longer","part","of","New","York","and","start","a","new","settlement","called","Tumor","Town",",","which","happens","to","occupy","the","same","space","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The new city wants to grow, so it orders tons of steel beams, cement and drywall.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":80,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","new","city","wants","to","grow",",","so","it","orders","tons","of","steel","beams",",","cement","and","drywall","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"New buildings follow no logic, are badly planned, ugly and dangerously crooked.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["New","buildings","follow","no","logic",",","are","badly","planned",",","ugly","and","dangerously","crooked","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They're built right in the middle of streets, on top of playgrounds and on existing infrastructure.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["They","'re","built","right","in","the","middle","of","streets",",","on","top","of","playgrounds","and","on","existing","infrastructure","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The old neighborhood is torn down or overbuilt to make room for new stuff.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","old","neighborhood","is","torn","down","or","overbuilt","to","make","room","for","new","stuff","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,35,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Many of the former residents are trapped in the middle of it and begin to starve.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Many","of","the","former","residents","are","trapped","in","the","middle","of","it","and","begin","to","starve","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This goes on for a while until the smell of death finally attracts attention.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","goes","on","for","a","while","until","the","smell","of","death","finally","attracts","attention","."],"tags":[1,31,32,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Building inspectors and police show up.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Building","inspectors","and","police","show","up","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,31,32,0]}
{"text":"In your body, attracted by the stench of dead cells, your immune system is activated.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["In","your","body",",","attracted","by","the","stench","of","dead","cells",",","your","immune","system","is","activated","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"First responder immune cells invade the tumor.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["First","responder","immune","cells","invade","the","tumor","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"They release chemical signals that let the whole immune system know that there is cancer to be eradicated.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","release","chemical","signals","that","let","the","whole","immune","system","know","that","there","is","cancer","to","be","eradicated","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Dendritic cells, the intelligence officers of your immune system, collect samples of dead tumor cells and begin activating your heavy weapons, helper and killer T-cells.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":66,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":101,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":105,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":102,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":168,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":106,"token_end":29,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Dendritic","cells",",","the","intelligence","officers","of","your","immune","system",",","collect","samples","of","dead","tumor","cells","and","begin","activating","your","heavy","weapons",",","helper","and","killer","T","-","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We explained these specialized super weapons in another video, but all you really need to know is that they have a library listing every bad thing that could come into your body.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":66,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":177,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":32,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","explained","these","specialized","super","weapons","in","another","video",",","but","all","you","really","need","to","know","is","that","they","have","a","library","listing","every","bad","thing","that","could","come","into","your","body","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"While each cancer is unique, there are genetic corruptions that they can't hide.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["While","each","cancer","is","unique",",","there","are","genetic","corruptions","that","they","ca","n't","hide","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And your T-cells know what to look for.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","your","T","-","cells","know","what","to","look","for","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They are the deadliest cancer killers you have.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","the","deadliest","cancer","killers","you","have","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"By the time they arrive, the tumor has grown to hundreds of thousands of cells, but this is about to change.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":15,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":84,"token_end":22,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["By","the","time","they","arrive",",","the","tumor","has","grown","to","hundreds","of","thousands","of","cells",",","but","this","is","about","to","change","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"T-cells block the growth of new blood vessels, which starves thousands of tumor cells and puts an end to their growth.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":117,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["T","-","cells","block","the","growth","of","new","blood","vessels",",","which","starves","thousands","of","tumor","cells","and","puts","an","end","to","their","growth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Imagine the building inspectors switching off electricity and water and putting up roadblocks to cancer town, so no more food or materials can be delivered.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":108,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":15,"token_start":4},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Imagine","the","building","inspectors","switching","off","electricity","and","water","and","putting","up","roadblocks","to","cancer","town",",","so","no","more","food","or","materials","can","be","delivered","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"With no way to hide from the carnage unfolding, the tumor collapses as hundreds of thousands of tumor cells are massacred.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["With","no","way","to","hide","from","the","carnage","unfolding",",","the","tumor","collapses","as","hundreds","of","thousands","of","tumor","cells","are","massacred","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Their carcasses are cleaned up and consumed by macrophages that then order healthy tissue to regenerate.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Their","carcasses","are","cleaned","up","and","consumed","by","macrophages","that","then","order","healthy","tissue","to","regenerate","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,35,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Your body has crushed the illegal tumor town without mercy.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Your","body","has","crushed","the","illegal","tumor","town","without","mercy","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"You'll never know about this fight or how many times this has happened inside your body, except in this case, something didn't go as planned.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":16,"token_start":4},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":28,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["You","'ll","never","know","about","this","fight","or","how","many","times","this","has","happened","inside","your","body",",","except","in","this","case",",","something","did","n't","go","as","planned","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, natural selection spores your victory.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","natural","selection","spores","your","victory","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"By doing its best to destroy the tumor, your immune system accidentally selects the fittest tumor cells.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["By","doing","its","best","to","destroy","the","tumor",",","your","immune","system","accidentally","selects","the","fittest","tumor","cells","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Remember, the tumor consists of different lineages that keep growing and keep mutating.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Remember",",","the","tumor","consists","of","different","lineages","that","keep","growing","and","keep","mutating","."],"tags":[19,0,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Most of these are eradicated.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Most","of","these","are","eradicated","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,0]}
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{"text":"One cell survives, it comes from the fittest tumor lineage and was just a bit better at surviving the massacre than anyone else.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["One","cell","survives",",","it","comes","from","the","fittest","tumor","lineage","and","was","just","a","bit","better","at","surviving","the","massacre","than","anyone","else","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It decides to do it all over again.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","decides","to","do","it","all","over","again","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This tumor cell is much stronger than any of the thousands that were killed.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","tumor","cell","is","much","stronger","than","any","of","the","thousands","that","were","killed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Maybe it's better at hiding or fighting back.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Maybe","it","'s","better","at","hiding","or","fighting","back","."],"tags":[13,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Maybe it grows faster or is better at stealing resources.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Maybe","it","grows","faster","or","is","better","at","stealing","resources","."],"tags":[13,1,25,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Maybe it can survive with much less oxygen.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Maybe","it","can","survive","with","much","less","oxygen","."],"tags":[13,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And so it all begins again.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","so","it","all","begins","again","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,25,13,0]}
{"text":"It's like the surviving rebels that started Tumortown have learned their lessons.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","like","the","surviving","rebels","that","started","Tumortown","have","learned","their","lessons","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And so the surviving tumor cell makes thousands of copies that mutate and form new lineages until once again, a tumor has grown made up of more resilient cells.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":15,"token_start":7},{"end":159,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":29,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["And","so","the","surviving","tumor","cell","makes","thousands","of","copies","that","mutate","and","form","new","lineages","until","once","again",",","a","tumor","has","grown","made","up","of","more","resilient","cells","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The immune system doesn't care though, and this time it even has experience.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","immune","system","does","n't","care","though",",","and","this","time","it","even","has","experience","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,37,19,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Instead of starting with police, SWAT teams go right in to tear Tumortown down, killing its inhabitants without mercy.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Instead","of","starting","with","police",",","SWAT","teams","go","right","in","to","tear","Tumortown","down",",","killing","its","inhabitants","without","mercy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But once again, they don't get everyone.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","once","again",",","they","do","n't","get","everyone","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,0]}
{"text":"One of them survives, a fitter tumor cell from an already fitter lineage.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["One","of","them","survives",",","a","fitter","tumor","cell","from","an","already","fitter","lineage","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,0]}
{"text":"This time it gets a cheap suit and studies the building code, pretending to be a lawyer to start Tumortown all over again.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":23,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","time","it","gets","a","cheap","suit","and","studies","the","building","code",",","pretending","to","be","a","lawyer","to","start","Tumortown","all","over","again","."],"tags":[13,14,1,25,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This struggle now repeats a few times.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","struggle","now","repeats","a","few","times","."],"tags":[1,2,13,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Each time the rebels learn a bit more about how to avoid the law.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Each","time","the","rebels","learn","a","bit","more","about","how","to","avoid","the","law","."],"tags":[13,14,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If at any point the immune system gets all of the tumor cells, the story ends.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":73,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","at","any","point","the","immune","system","gets","all","of","the","tumor","cells",",","the","story","ends","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,0]}
{"text":"But in this case, it doesn't.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":27,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","in","this","case",",","it","does","n't","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,25,37,0]}
{"text":"Finally, a tumor cell changes in a way that makes it properly dangerous cancer.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Finally",",","a","tumor","cell","changes","in","a","way","that","makes","it","properly","dangerous","cancer","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Immune cells have an off switch that deactivates them before they can attack, which in principle is a good idea.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Immune","cells","have","an","off","switch","that","deactivates","them","before","they","can","attack",",","which","in","principle","is","a","good","idea","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The immune system is extremely dangerous and in many cases it needs to be shut down, like around your central nervous system.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":124,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","immune","system","is","extremely","dangerous","and","in","many","cases","it","needs","to","be","shut","down",",","like","around","your","central","nervous","system","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But this off switch can be exploited.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","this","off","switch","can","be","exploited","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"The mutated tumor cell finds a way to switch the immune system off by targeting inhibitor receptors on anti-cancer cells.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":119,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","mutated","tumor","cell","finds","a","way","to","switch","the","immune","system","off","by","targeting","inhibitor","receptors","on","anti","-","cancer","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Inhibitor receptors stop immune cells from, well, killing.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Inhibitor","receptors","stop","immune","cells","from",",","well",",","killing","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This cell is now the powerful founder of a new lineage of cancer cells","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","cell","is","now","the","powerful","founder","of","a","new","lineage","of","cancer","cells"],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12]}
{"text":"and mass produces thousands of new copies that once again change and mutate further, building yet another Tumortown.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":115,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["and","mass","produces","thousands","of","new","copies","that","once","again","change","and","mutate","further",",","building","yet","another","Tumortown","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The new cancer cells have become immune to the immune system and everything is different this time.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":64,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","new","cancer","cells","have","become","immune","to","the","immune","system","and","everything","is","different","this","time","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Tumortown has been rebuilt, even uglier and stranger than before, but now the Cancer City Council has forged all sorts of permits.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":129,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Tumortown","has","been","rebuilt",",","even","uglier","and","stranger","than","before",",","but","now","the","Cancer","City","Council","has","forged","all","sorts","of","permits","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As building inspectors come to shut down construction, they get confused.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","building","inspectors","come","to","shut","down","construction",",","they","get","confused","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Stunned, they wander off, unable to order the destruction of the sprawling buildings.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Stunned",",","they","wander","off",",","unable","to","order","the","destruction","of","the","sprawling","buildings","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,35,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Police try to enter the illegal city to arrest the builders and execute inhabitants, but this time Tumortown has erected its own roadblocks that keep the law from entering.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":88,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":171,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":89,"token_end":29,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Police","try","to","enter","the","illegal","city","to","arrest","the","builders","and","execute","inhabitants",",","but","this","time","Tumortown","has","erected","its","own","roadblocks","that","keep","the","law","from","entering","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Confused officers stand around helplessly.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Confused","officers","stand","around","helplessly","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,13,0]}
{"text":"As Tumortown slowly envelops the former Brooklyn and more and more civilians die, T-cell SWAT teams arrive to end this travesty.","spans":[{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":99,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":18,"token_start":14},{"end":106,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":100,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":127,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":23,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["As","Tumortown","slowly","envelops","the","former","Brooklyn","and","more","and","more","civilians","die",",","T","-","cell","SWAT","teams","arrive","to","end","this","travesty","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,19,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But things get worse.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","things","get","worse","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"New lineages of Tumortown officials have started to forge court documents that order police to shoot at the SWAT teams.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["New","lineages","of","Tumortown","officials","have","started","to","forge","court","documents","that","order","police","to","shoot","at","the","SWAT","teams","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"What the cancer cells are doing at this point is actively shutting down immune defenses by sending corrupt signals.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["What","the","cancer","cells","are","doing","at","this","point","is","actively","shutting","down","immune","defenses","by","sending","corrupt","signals","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The now malignant tumor is no longer a pushover and has begun creating the cancer microenvironment, a sort of borderland that's hard to cross.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":141,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":25,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","now","malignant","tumor","is","no","longer","a","pushover","and","has","begun","creating","the","cancer","microenvironment",",","a","sort","of","borderland","that","'s","hard","to","cross","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,13,14,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"All avenues of attack have been shut down and uncontrollable growth is the consequence.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["All","avenues","of","attack","have","been","shut","down","and","uncontrollable","growth","is","the","consequence","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,15,29,35,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is a dangerous tumor.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","a","dangerous","tumor","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Cells that are strong and able to fight push your immune system back and expand further.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Cells","that","are","strong","and","able","to","fight","push","your","immune","system","back","and","expand","further","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,35,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"If more mutations happen, then some of the cancer cells will begin to explore the world and expand into other tissues to build new towns.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":117,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":21,"token_start":13},{"end":136,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":118,"token_end":25,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["If","more","mutations","happen",",","then","some","of","the","cancer","cells","will","begin","to","explore","the","world","and","expand","into","other","tissues","to","build","new","towns","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And this is exactly what makes cancer so harmful.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","this","is","exactly","what","makes","cancer","so","harmful","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's taking up space and stealing so many nutrients that your true self has no room to function anymore.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","'s","taking","up","space","and","stealing","so","many","nutrients","that","your","true","self","has","no","room","to","function","anymore","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"If this goes on for too long, organs will shut down.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["If","this","goes","on","for","too","long",",","organs","will","shut","down","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,0]}
{"text":"But this tactic is a dead end.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","this","tactic","is","a","dead","end","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The more successful cancer gets, the more damage it does to its world.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","more","successful","cancer","gets",",","the","more","damage","it","does","to","its","world","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,5,6,6,1,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When the body dies, the cancer dies too.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["When","the","body","dies",",","the","cancer","dies","too","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,13,0]}
{"text":"It truly is a game without winners.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","truly","is","a","game","without","winners","."],"tags":[1,13,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Except humanity is planning to win this game.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Except","humanity","is","planning","to","win","this","game","."],"tags":[0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"At this very moment, hundreds of thousands of scientists are working on new and better ways of killing cancer to destroy and burn down tumor towns for good.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":19,"token_start":12},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":28,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["At","this","very","moment",",","hundreds","of","thousands","of","scientists","are","working","on","new","and","better","ways","of","killing","cancer","to","destroy","and","burn","down","tumor","towns","for","good","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In recent years, immunotherapy has made enormous progress.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","recent","years",",","immunotherapy","has","made","enormous","progress","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,0]}
{"text":"It's a relatively new therapy in which your own immune cells are modified to kill cancer better than any medicine can do.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":119,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","relatively","new","therapy","in","which","your","own","immune","cells","are","modified","to","kill","cancer","better","than","any","medicine","can","do","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's like giving your building inspectors machine guns and flamethrowers.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","like","giving","your","building","inspectors","machine","guns","and","flamethrowers","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But this is a story for another time.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","this","is","a","story","for","another","time","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"For now, cancer is a battleground.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["For","now",",","cancer","is","a","battleground","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"But if human ingenuity is to be trusted, then one day, maybe in the not too distant future, we will eradicate it once and for all.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":19,"token_start":13},{"end":93,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":95,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":108,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":100,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":113,"token_end":28,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["But","if","human","ingenuity","is","to","be","trusted",",","then","one","day",",","maybe","in","the","not","too","distant","future",",","we","will","eradicate","it","once","and","for","all","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This video was made possible in part by direct viewer support and in part through a grant by Gates Ventures.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","video","was","made","possible","in","part","by","direct","viewer","support","and","in","part","through","a","grant","by","Gates","Ventures","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,33,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Please check out our source document for more background and in-depth information.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Please","check","out","our","source","document","for","more","background","and","in","-","depth","information","."],"tags":[0,31,32,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"How long do you think it will take before machines do your job better than you do?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["How","long","do","you","think","it","will","take","before","machines","do","your","job","better","than","you","do","?"],"tags":[13,14,0,0,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Automation used to mean big, stupid machines doing repetitive work in factories.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Automation","used","to","mean","big",",","stupid","machines","doing","repetitive","work","in","factories","."],"tags":[1,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Today, they can land aircraft, diagnose cancer, and trade stocks.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Today",",","they","can","land","aircraft",",","diagnose","cancer",",","and","trade","stocks","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,19,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We are entering a new age of automation unlike anything that's come before.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","are","entering","a","new","age","of","automation","unlike","anything","that","'s","come","before","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"According to a 2013 study, almost half of all jobs in the US could potentially be automated in the next two decades.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":22,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["According","to","a","2013","study",",","almost","half","of","all","jobs","in","the","US","could","potentially","be","automated","in","the","next","two","decades","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But wait, hasn't automation been around for decades?","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","wait",",","has","n't","automation","been","around","for","decades","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,15,37,1,21,11,13,14,0]}
{"text":"What's different this time?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","'s","different","this","time","?"],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Things used to be simple.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Things","used","to","be","simple","."],"tags":[1,17,18,21,11,0]}
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{"text":"which means that more staff or services could be produced per hour using the same amount of human workers.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["which","means","that","more","staff","or","services","could","be","produced","per","hour","using","the","same","amount","of","human","workers","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This eliminated many jobs but also created other jobs that were better, which was important because the growing population needed work.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":133,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","eliminated","many","jobs","but","also","created","other","jobs","that","were","better",",","which","was","important","because","the","growing","population","needed","work","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Overall, this worked well for a majority of people and living standards improved.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":80,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Overall",",","this","worked","well","for","a","majority","of","people","and","living","standards","improved","."],"tags":[13,0,1,23,13,13,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There's a clear progression in terms of what humans did for a living.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["There","'s","a","clear","progression","in","terms","of","what","humans","did","for","a","living","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"With the Industrial Revolution, this shifted to production jobs.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["With","the","Industrial","Revolution",",","this","shifted","to","production","jobs","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,23,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And as automation became more widespread, humans shifted into service jobs.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","as","automation","became","more","widespread",",","humans","shifted","into","service","jobs","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And then, only a few moments ago in human history, the Information Age happened.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","then",",","only","a","few","moments","ago","in","human","history",",","the","Information","Age","happened","."],"tags":[0,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,0]}
{"text":"Suddenly, the rules were different.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Suddenly",",","the","rules","were","different","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,0]}
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{"text":"That's worrying, of course, but innovation will clearly save us, right?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["That","'s","worrying",",","of","course",",","but","innovation","will","clearly","save","us",",","right","?"],"tags":[1,21,11,0,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"While new Information Age industries are booming, they are creating fewer and fewer new jobs.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["While","new","Information","Age","industries","are","booming",",","they","are","creating","fewer","and","fewer","new","jobs","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In 1979, General Motors employed more than 800,000 workers and made about 11 billion US dollars.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","1979",",","General","Motors","employed","more","than","800,000","workers","and","made","about","11","billion","US","dollars","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In 2012, Google made about 14 billion US dollars while employing 58,000 people.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","2012",",","Google","made","about","14","billion","US","dollars","while","employing","58,000","people","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You may not like this comparison, but Google is an example of what created new jobs in the past.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["You","may","not","like","this","comparison",",","but","Google","is","an","example","of","what","created","new","jobs","in","the","past","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Old innovative industries are running out of steam.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Old","innovative","industries","are","running","out","of","steam","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,31,32,32,32,0]}
{"text":"Just look at cars.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Just","look","at","cars","."],"tags":[13,31,32,5,0]}
{"text":"When they became a thing 100 years ago, they created huge industries.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["When","they","became","a","thing","100","years","ago",",","they","created","huge","industries","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Cars transformed our way of life, our infrastructure, and our cities.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Cars","transformed","our","way","of","life",",","our","infrastructure",",","and","our","cities","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Millions of people found jobs, either directly or indirectly.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Millions","of","people","found","jobs",",","either","directly","or","indirectly","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Decades of investment kept this momentum going.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Decades","of","investment","kept","this","momentum","going","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,6,33,0]}
{"text":"Today, this process is largely complete.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Today",",","this","process","is","largely","complete","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Innovation in the car industry does not create as many jobs as it used to.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Innovation","in","the","car","industry","does","not","create","as","many","jobs","as","it","used","to","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"While electric cars are great and all, they won't create millions of new jobs.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["While","electric","cars","are","great","and","all",",","they","wo","n't","create","millions","of","new","jobs","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Some technologists argue that the Internet is an innovation on a par with the introduction of electricity.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","technologists","argue","that","the","Internet","is","an","innovation","on","a","par","with","the","introduction","of","electricity","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If we go with this comparison, we see how our modern innovation differs from the old one.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","we","go","with","this","comparison",",","we","see","how","our","modern","innovation","differs","from","the","old","one","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The Internet created new industries, but they're not creating enough jobs to keep up with population growth or to compensate for the industries the Internet is killing.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":167,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":28,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","Internet","created","new","industries",",","but","they","'re","not","creating","enough","jobs","to","keep","up","with","population","growth","or","to","compensate","for","the","industries","the","Internet","is","killing","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"At its peak in 2004, Blockbuster had 84,000 employees and made 6 billion US dollars in revenue.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["At","its","peak","in","2004",",","Blockbuster","had","84,000","employees","and","made","6","billion","US","dollars","in","revenue","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In 2016, Netflix had 4,500 employees and made 9 billion dollars in revenue.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","2016",",","Netflix","had","4,500","employees","and","made","9","billion","dollars","in","revenue","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,23,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Or take us for example.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Or","take","us","for","example","."],"tags":[0,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"With a full-time team of just 12 people, Kurzgesagt reaches millions of people.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["With","a","full","-","time","team","of","just","12","people",",","Kurzgesagt","reaches","millions","of","people","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A TV station with the same amount of viewers needs way more employees.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["A","TV","station","with","the","same","amount","of","viewers","needs","way","more","employees","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Innovation in the information age doesn't equate to the creation of enough new jobs, which would be bad enough on its own,","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":23,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Innovation","in","the","information","age","does","n't","equate","to","the","creation","of","enough","new","jobs",",","which","would","be","bad","enough","on","its","own",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"but now a new wave of automation and a new generation of machines is slowly taking over.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":83,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["but","now","a","new","wave","of","automation","and","a","new","generation","of","machines","is","slowly","taking","over","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,27,35,0]}
{"text":"To understand this, we need to understand ourselves first.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["To","understand","this",",","we","need","to","understand","ourselves","first","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Human progress is based on the division of labor.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Human","progress","is","based","on","the","division","of","labor","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As we advanced over thousands of years, our jobs became more and more specialized.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","we","advanced","over","thousands","of","years",",","our","jobs","became","more","and","more","specialized","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While even our smartest machines are bad at doing complicated jobs, they are extremely good at doing narrowly defined and predictable tasks.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":75,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":138,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["While","even","our","smartest","machines","are","bad","at","doing","complicated","jobs",",","they","are","extremely","good","at","doing","narrowly","defined","and","predictable","tasks","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This is what destroyed factory jobs.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","what","destroyed","factory","jobs","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But look at a complex job long and hard enough, and you'll find that it's really just many narrowly defined and predictable tasks, one after another.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":29,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","look","at","a","complex","job","long","and","hard","enough",",","and","you","'ll","find","that","it","'s","really","just","many","narrowly","defined","and","predictable","tasks",",","one","after","another","."],"tags":[0,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Machines are on the brink of becoming so good at breaking down complex jobs into many predictable ones, that for a lot of people, there will be no further room to specialize.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":173,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":33,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Machines","are","on","the","brink","of","becoming","so","good","at","breaking","down","complex","jobs","into","many","predictable","ones",",","that","for","a","lot","of","people",",","there","will","be","no","further","room","to","specialize","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We are on the verge of being out-competed.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","are","on","the","verge","of","being","out","-","competed","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Digital machines do this via machine learning, which enables them to acquire information and skills by analyzing data.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Digital","machines","do","this","via","machine","learning",",","which","enables","them","to","acquire","information","and","skills","by","analyzing","data","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This makes them become better at something through the relationships they discover.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","makes","them","become","better","at","something","through","the","relationships","they","discover","."],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,34,34,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Machines teach themselves.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Machines","teach","themselves","."],"tags":[1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"We make this possible by giving a computer a lot of data about the thing we want it to become better at.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","make","this","possible","by","giving","a","computer","a","lot","of","data","about","the","thing","we","want","it","to","become","better","at","."],"tags":[1,19,5,33,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Show a machine all the things you bought online, and it will slowly learn what to recommend to you, so you buy more things.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":25,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Show","a","machine","all","the","things","you","bought","online",",","and","it","will","slowly","learn","what","to","recommend","to","you",",","so","you","buy","more","things","."],"tags":[19,9,10,7,8,8,8,8,8,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Machine learning is now meeting more of its potential, because in recent years, humans have started to gather data about everything.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Machine","learning","is","now","meeting","more","of","its","potential",",","because","in","recent","years",",","humans","have","started","to","gather","data","about","everything","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,27,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What we've created by accident is a huge library machines can use to learn how humans do things, and learn to do them better.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":123,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":25,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["What","we","'ve","created","by","accident","is","a","huge","library","machines","can","use","to","learn","how","humans","do","things",",","and","learn","to","do","them","better","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"These digital machines might be the biggest job killer of all, They can be replicated instantly and for free.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["These","digital","machines","might","be","the","biggest","job","killer","of","all",",","They","can","be","replicated","instantly","and","for","free","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When they improve, you don't need to invest in big metal things, you can just use the new code.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["When","they","improve",",","you","do","n't","need","to","invest","in","big","metal","things",",","you","can","just","use","the","new","code","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And they have the ability to get better fast.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","they","have","the","ability","to","get","better","fast","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If your work involves complex work on a computer today, you might be out of work even sooner than the people who still have jobs in factories.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":27,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","your","work","involves","complex","work","on","a","computer","today",",","you","might","be","out","of","work","even","sooner","than","the","people","who","still","have","jobs","in","factories","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There are actual real-world examples of how this transition might be happening.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","actual","real","-","world","examples","of","how","this","transition","might","be","happening","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"A San Francisco company offers a project management software for big corporations, which is supposed to eliminate middle management positions.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":140,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","San","Francisco","company","offers","a","project","management","software","for","big","corporations",",","which","is","supposed","to","eliminate","middle","management","positions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"When it's hired for a new project, the software first decides which jobs can be automated, and precisely where it needs actual professional humans.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":146,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":26,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["When","it","'s","hired","for","a","new","project",",","the","software","first","decides","which","jobs","can","be","automated",",","and","precisely","where","it","needs","actual","professional","humans","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It then helps assemble a team of freelancers over the internet.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","then","helps","assemble","a","team","of","freelancers","over","the","internet","."],"tags":[1,13,25,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The software then distributes tasks to the humans and controls the quality of the work, tracking individual performance until the project is complete.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","software","then","distributes","tasks","to","the","humans","and","controls","the","quality","of","the","work",",","tracking","individual","performance","until","the","project","is","complete","."],"tags":[1,2,13,25,5,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Okay, this doesn't sound too bad.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Okay",",","this","does","n't","sound","too","bad","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,37,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"While this machine is killing one job, it creates jobs for freelancers, right?","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["While","this","machine","is","killing","one","job",",","it","creates","jobs","for","freelancers",",","right","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Well, as the freelancers complete their tasks, learning algorithms track them and gather data about their work and which tasks it consists of.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":67,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":140,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":82,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Well",",","as","the","freelancers","complete","their","tasks",",","learning","algorithms","track","them","and","gather","data","about","their","work","and","which","tasks","it","consists","of","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So what's actually happening is that the freelancers are teaching a machine how to replace them.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","what","'s","actually","happening","is","that","the","freelancers","are","teaching","a","machine","how","to","replace","them","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On average, this software reduces costs by about 50% in the first year and by another 25% in the second year.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":23,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","average",",","this","software","reduces","costs","by","about","50","%","in","the","first","year","and","by","another","25","%","in","the","second","year","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is only one example of many.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","only","one","example","of","many","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There are machines and programs getting as good or better than humans in all kinds of fields,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":91,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","machines","and","programs","getting","as","good","or","better","than","humans","in","all","kinds","of","fields",","],"tags":[3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"All of these jobs won't disappear overnight, but fewer and fewer humans will be doing them.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["All","of","these","jobs","wo","n't","disappear","overnight",",","but","fewer","and","fewer","humans","will","be","doing","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,37,19,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We'll discuss a few cases in a follow-up video.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","'ll","discuss","a","few","cases","in","a","follow","-","up","video","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But while jobs disappearing is bad, it's only half of the story.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","while","jobs","disappearing","is","bad",",","it","'s","only","half","of","the","story","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's not enough to substitute old jobs with new ones.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","enough","to","substitute","old","jobs","with","new","ones","."],"tags":[3,21,37,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We need to be generating new jobs constantly because the world population is growing.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","need","to","be","generating","new","jobs","constantly","because","the","world","population","is","growing","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the past, we have solved this through innovation.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","the","past",",","we","have","solved","this","through","innovation","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But since 1973, the generation of new jobs in the US has begun to shrink.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","since","1973",",","the","generation","of","new","jobs","in","the","US","has","begun","to","shrink","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,0]}
{"text":"And the first decade of the 21st century was the first one where the total amount of jobs in the US did not grow for the first time.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":130,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":27,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","the","first","decade","of","the","21st","century","was","the","first","one","where","the","total","amount","of","jobs","in","the","US","did","not","grow","for","the","first","time","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In a country that needs to create up to 150,000 new jobs per month just to keep up with population growth, this is bad news.","spans":[{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":20,"token_start":0},{"end":110,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":113,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":112,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":122,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":115,"token_end":25,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["In","a","country","that","needs","to","create","up","to","150,000","new","jobs","per","month","just","to","keep","up","with","population","growth",",","this","is","bad","news","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"This is also starting to affect standards of living.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","is","also","starting","to","affect","standards","of","living","."],"tags":[1,15,13,27,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In the past, it was seen as obvious that with rising productivity, more and better jobs would be created.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":104,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","the","past",",","it","was","seen","as","obvious","that","with","rising","productivity",",","more","and","better","jobs","would","be","created","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,15,29,33,34,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But the numbers tell a different story.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","the","numbers","tell","a","different","story","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In 1998, US workers worked a total of 194 billion hours.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","1998",",","US","workers","worked","a","total","of","194","billion","hours","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Over the course of the next 15 years, their output increased by 42%.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Over","the","course","of","the","next","15","years",",","their","output","increased","by","42","%","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But in 2013, the amount of hours worked by US workers was still 194 billion hours.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","in","2013",",","the","amount","of","hours","worked","by","US","workers","was","still","194","billion","hours","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"What this means is that despite productivity growing drastically, thousands of new businesses opening up,","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":103,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","this","means","is","that","despite","productivity","growing","drastically",",","thousands","of","new","businesses","opening","up",","],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"and the US population growing by over 40 million, there was no growth at all in the number of hours worked in 15 years.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":118,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":24,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["and","the","US","population","growing","by","over","40","million",",","there","was","no","growth","at","all","in","the","number","of","hours","worked","in","15","years","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,23,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"At the same time, wages for new university graduates in the US have been declining for the past decade,","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["At","the","same","time",",","wages","for","new","university","graduates","in","the","US","have","been","declining","for","the","past","decade",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,27,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"while up to 40% of new graduates are forced to take on jobs that don't require a degree.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":87,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["while","up","to","40","%","of","new","graduates","are","forced","to","take","on","jobs","that","do","n't","require","a","degree","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Productivity is separating from human labor.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Productivity","is","separating","from","human","labor","."],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The nature of innovation in the information age is different from everything we encountered before.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","nature","of","innovation","in","the","information","age","is","different","from","everything","we","encountered","before","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This process started years ago and is already well underway.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","process","started","years","ago","and","is","already","well","underway","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Even without new disruptions like self-driving cars or robot accountants, it looks like automation is different this time.","spans":[{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":121,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Even","without","new","disruptions","like","self","-","driving","cars","or","robot","accountants",",","it","looks","like","automation","is","different","this","time","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This time, the machines might really take our jobs.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","time",",","the","machines","might","really","take","our","jobs","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,13,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Our economies are based on the premise that people consume.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Our","economies","are","based","on","the","premise","that","people","consume","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But if fewer and fewer people have decent work, who will be doing all the consuming?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","if","fewer","and","fewer","people","have","decent","work",",","who","will","be","doing","all","the","consuming","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,27,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Are we producing ever more cheaply only to arrive at a point where too few people can actually buy all our stuff and services?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Are","we","producing","ever","more","cheaply","only","to","arrive","at","a","point","where","too","few","people","can","actually","buy","all","our","stuff","and","services","?"],"tags":[15,1,27,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Or will the future see a tiny minority of the super-rich who own the machines dominating the rest of us?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Or","will","the","future","see","a","tiny","minority","of","the","super","-","rich","who","own","the","machines","dominating","the","rest","of","us","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And does our future really have to be that grim?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","does","our","future","really","have","to","be","that","grim","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,2,13,17,18,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"While we were fairly dark in this video, it's far from certain that things will turn out negatively.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":99,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["While","we","were","fairly","dark","in","this","video",",","it","'s","far","from","certain","that","things","will","turn","out","negatively","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The information age and modern automation could be a huge opportunity to change human society and reduce poverty and inequality drastically.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":138,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","information","age","and","modern","automation","could","be","a","huge","opportunity","to","change","human","society","and","reduce","poverty","and","inequality","drastically","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It could be a seminal moment in human history.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","could","be","a","seminal","moment","in","human","history","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We'll talk about this potential and possible solutions like a universal basic income in part 2 of this video series.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":13,"token_start":3},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["We","'ll","talk","about","this","potential","and","possible","solutions","like","a","universal","basic","income","in","part","2","of","this","video","series","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We need to think big and fast.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","to","think","big","and","fast","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Because one thing's for sure, the machines are not coming.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Because","one","thing","'s","for","sure",",","the","machines","are","not","coming","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,37,27,0]}
{"text":"They are already here.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","are","already","here","."],"tags":[1,21,11,11,0]}
{"text":"This video took us about 900 hours to make and we've been working on it for over 9 months.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["This","video","took","us","about","900","hours","to","make","and","we","'ve","been","working","on","it","for","over","9","months","."],"tags":[1,2,23,9,7,8,8,33,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Projects like this one would not be possible without your support on Patreon.com.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Projects","like","this","one","would","not","be","possible","without","your","support","on","Patreon.com","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,37,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you want to help us out and get a personal Kurzgesagt bird in return, that would be really useful.","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":85,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":20,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","help","us","out","and","get","a","personal","Kurzgesagt","bird","in","return",",","that","would","be","really","useful","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"We based much of this video on two very good books.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","based","much","of","this","video","on","two","very","good","books","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You can find links to both of them in the video description.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["You","can","find","links","to","both","of","them","in","the","video","description","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Highly recommend it.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Highly","recommend","it","."],"tags":[13,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Also, we made a little robot poster.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Also",",","we","made","a","little","robot","poster","."],"tags":[13,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You can buy it and a lot of other stuff in our DFTBA shop.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["You","can","buy","it","and","a","lot","of","other","stuff","in","our","DFTBA","shop","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This video is part of a larger series about how technology is already changing and will change human life forever.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":112,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","video","is","part","of","a","larger","series","about","how","technology","is","already","changing","and","will","change","human","life","forever","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you want to continue watching, we have a few playlists.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","continue","watching",",","we","have","a","few","playlists","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A three-story building is about 10 meters tall, six times bigger than you.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","three","-","story","building","is","about","10","meters","tall",",","six","times","bigger","than","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In the opposite direction, six times smaller than you, you get things like a cute squirrel, about 27 centimeters small.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","the","opposite","direction",",","six","times","smaller","than","you",",","you","get","things","like","a","cute","squirrel",",","about","27","centimeters","small","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So the building is just as big relative to you as you are to a squirrel.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","the","building","is","just","as","big","relative","to","you","as","you","are","to","a","squirrel","."],"tags":[13,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You're in the middle.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","'re","in","the","middle","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's easy to understand.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","easy","to","understand","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,0]}
{"text":"In fact, you are in the middle of everything in the universe.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","you","are","in","the","middle","of","everything","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's go on a fantastical journey together to the small and the large and see if it's really true.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":97,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","go","on","a","fantastical","journey","together","to","the","small","and","the","large","and","see","if","it","'s","really","true","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"An A320 is 37 meters long.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["An","A320","is","37","meters","long","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The rufous hummingbird is around 7 centimeters.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","rufous","hummingbird","is","around","7","centimeters","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Both of these flies are 23 times bigger or smaller than you, and both fly intercontinental distances.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Both","of","these","flies","are","23","times","bigger","or","smaller","than","you",",","and","both","fly","intercontinental","distances","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The tiny bird migrates between Alaska and Mexico.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","tiny","bird","migrates","between","Alaska","and","Mexico","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If the hummingbird were the same size as the jet, it would circle the Earth 85 times every year.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","the","hummingbird","were","the","same","size","as","the","jet",",","it","would","circle","the","Earth","85","times","every","year","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Dinoponera, the largest ant in the world, is about 55 times smaller than you.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Dinoponera",",","the","largest","ant","in","the","world",",","is","about","55","times","smaller","than","you","."],"tags":[1,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Their small colonies have around 100 individuals but no queens.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Their","small","colonies","have","around","100","individuals","but","no","queens","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Instead, they ruthlessly compete for status within the nest, which can reach 1.2 meters deep.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Instead",",","they","ruthlessly","compete","for","status","within","the","nest",",","which","can","reach","1.2","meters","deep","."],"tags":[13,0,1,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If humans lived like Dinoponera, we'd be building towers of over 25 stories filled with officers and ruthlessly competing for status and weight.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":142,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["If","humans","lived","like","Dinoponera",",","we","'d","be","building","towers","of","over","25","stories","filled","with","officers","and","ruthlessly","competing","for","status","and","weight","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The deadliest and most annoying insect in the world is the mosquito.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","deadliest","and","most","annoying","insect","in","the","world","is","the","mosquito","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"235 times smaller than you, while on the other end, the Empire State Building is about that much larger than you.","spans":[{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":112,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["235","times","smaller","than","you",",","while","on","the","other","end",",","the","Empire","State","Building","is","about","that","much","larger","than","you","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Kind of unimaginable how something this small creates so much devastation for something that big.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Kind","of","unimaginable","how","something","this","small","creates","so","much","devastation","for","something","that","big","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We're getting to the borders of human perception now.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","'re","getting","to","the","borders","of","human","perception","now","."],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,0]}
{"text":"You can feel their shape and roughness between your fingers, and if you focus, see them individually.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["You","can","feel","their","shape","and","roughness","between","your","fingers",",","and","if","you","focus",",","see","them","individually","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We mix them into concrete that can hold up the tallest towers ever built, like the 828 meter tall Burj Khalifa that's 500 times larger than you.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":142,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":28,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","mix","them","into","concrete","that","can","hold","up","the","tallest","towers","ever","built",",","like","the","828","meter","tall","Burj","Khalifa","that","'s","500","times","larger","than","you","."],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you were that tall, people would be as small to you as grains of sand in your hand.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","you","were","that","tall",",","people","would","be","as","small","to","you","as","grains","of","sand","in","your","hand","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Hey, be gentle.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Hey",",","be","gentle","."],"tags":[0,0,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Anything smaller or bigger and it becomes hard to grasp.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Anything","smaller","or","bigger","and","it","becomes","hard","to","grasp","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,3,21,11,1,2,0]}
{"text":"A medium-sized city like Lisbon is about 6,000 times larger than yourself and permeated by a network of highways, roads and alleys.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":129,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":24,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","medium","-","sized","city","like","Lisbon","is","about","6,000","times","larger","than","yourself","and","permeated","by","a","network","of","highways",",","roads","and","alleys","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On the other end, about 6,000 times smaller than you, are your small arteries permeating your whole body.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["On","the","other","end",",","about","6,000","times","smaller","than","you",",","are","your","small","arteries","permeating","your","whole","body","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,15,1,2,2,27,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Actually, you're in the middle between your network of blood vessels and the network of a city like Lisbon.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Actually",",","you","'re","in","the","middle","between","your","network","of","blood","vessels","and","the","network","of","a","city","like","Lisbon","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you think of a city as a living being, you find more and more parallels.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","think","of","a","city","as","a","living","being",",","you","find","more","and","more","parallels","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A small alley is as small to the city as an arterial, 0.1 millimeters wide, is to you.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","small","alley","is","as","small","to","the","city","as","an","arterial",",","0.1","millimeters","wide",",","is","to","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Your tiniest capillaries are to you what the pipes bringing water to homes are to Lisbon.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","tiniest","capillaries","are","to","you","what","the","pipes","bringing","water","to","homes","are","to","Lisbon","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Going further, 100,000 times smaller than you, we reach a typical skin cell about 30 micrometers in diameter.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Going","further",",","100,000","times","smaller","than","you",",","we","reach","a","typical","skin","cell","about","30","micrometers","in","diameter","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A neutrophil is half as big and one of your red blood cells is merely 7 micrometers.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","neutrophil","is","half","as","big","and","one","of","your","red","blood","cells","is","merely","7","micrometers","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They are as small to you as you are to the entire Tokyo metropolitan area, the largest urban area in the world spanning over 160 kilometers.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":138,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":26,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","as","small","to","you","as","you","are","to","the","entire","Tokyo","metropolitan","area",",","the","largest","urban","area","in","the","world","spanning","over","160","kilometers","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You are so incredibly big, filled with so much complexity, so many different moving parts.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["You","are","so","incredibly","big",",","filled","with","so","much","complexity",",","so","many","different","moving","parts","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Or are you just a cell in the human civilization's superstructure?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Or","are","you","just","a","cell","in","the","human","civilization","'s","superstructure","?"],"tags":[0,21,1,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Are you both?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Are","you","both","?"],"tags":[21,1,11,0]}
{"text":"Our steps are getting larger and larger now.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Our","steps","are","getting","larger","and","larger","now","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,13,0]}
{"text":"Germany is around 875 kilometers from north to south and the fourth biggest agricultural exporter in the world.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":109,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Germany","is","around","875","kilometers","from","north","to","south","and","the","fourth","biggest","agricultural","exporter","in","the","world","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Rhizobia is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria up to 3 micrometers long and without it, that sort of agricultural production is impossible.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Rhizobia","is","a","nitrogen","-","fixing","bacteria","up","to","3","micrometers","long","and","without","it",",","that","sort","of","agricultural","production","is","impossible","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So we have a country and a bacterium depending on each other and you are in the middle, both being roughly 550,000 times larger or smaller than you.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":147,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":28,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","we","have","a","country","and","a","bacterium","depending","on","each","other","and","you","are","in","the","middle",",","both","being","roughly","550,000","times","larger","or","smaller","than","you","."],"tags":[13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's about 12,700 kilometers in diameter, about 7.7 billion times larger than you.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","about","12,700","kilometers","in","diameter",",","about","7.7","billion","times","larger","than","you","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On the other side of the scale is cornebacterium, as little as 0.3 micrometers across, living on your skin and eyes along with 100 billion other bacteria, more than 10 times more than there are humans on Earth.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":209,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":40,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["On","the","other","side","of","the","scale","is","cornebacterium",",","as","little","as","0.3","micrometers","across",",","living","on","your","skin","and","eyes","along","with","100","billion","other","bacteria",",","more","than","10","times","more","than","there","are","humans","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,21,1,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Again, you are in the center, right in the middle of something so large that our civilization is a mere scratch on its surface and something so small and numerous you never notice its presence even as it touches you.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":215,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":41,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Again",",","you","are","in","the","center",",","right","in","the","middle","of","something","so","large","that","our","civilization","is","a","mere","scratch","on","its","surface","and","something","so","small","and","numerous","you","never","notice","its","presence","even","as","it","touches","you","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Does that make you feel small or big?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Does","that","make","you","feel","small","or","big","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"From here on out, your brain is breaking a bit.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["From","here","on","out",",","your","brain","is","breaking","a","bit","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,27,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Four times wider than Earth is Neptune, a cold blue gas giant 49,500 kilometers wide.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":84,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Four","times","wider","than","Earth","is","Neptune",",","a","cold","blue","gas","giant","49,500","kilometers","wide","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,21,1,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,0]}
{"text":"The largest planet though is Jupiter, 140,000 kilometers in diameter, a titanic abyss shrouded in terrible winds.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":111,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","largest","planet","though","is","Jupiter",",","140,000","kilometers","in","diameter",",","a","titanic","abyss","shrouded","in","terrible","winds","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You could drop Earth whole into its depths and it would simply vanish.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["You","could","drop","Earth","whole","into","its","depths","and","it","would","simply","vanish","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"On the opposite scale, we find the deadly West Nile virus, 50 nanometers in diameter.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","the","opposite","scale",",","we","find","the","deadly","West","Nile","virus",",","50","nanometers","in","diameter","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They are as small to you as you are to the planet Jupiter.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","as","small","to","you","as","you","are","to","the","planet","Jupiter","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You are in the middle between gigantic planets and the world of viruses.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","are","in","the","middle","between","gigantic","planets","and","the","world","of","viruses","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let that sink in.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","that","sink","in","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"A tiny virus is taking over and killing lung cells up to 500 times larger than itself with the help of a tiny protein weapon.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":124,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","tiny","virus","is","taking","over","and","killing","lung","cells","up","to","500","times","larger","than","itself","with","the","help","of","a","tiny","protein","weapon","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,31,32,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"That's like you trying to kill a giant the size of the Burj Khalifa with a screwdriver.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","like","you","trying","to","kill","a","giant","the","size","of","the","Burj","Khalifa","with","a","screwdriver","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But the real boss of the solar system is the Sun.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","the","real","boss","of","the","solar","system","is","the","Sun","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"A billion times smaller than you, clearly the boss of our body, is a DNA strand containing all the information making your life possible.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":136,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":25,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["A","billion","times","smaller","than","you",",","clearly","the","boss","of","our","body",",","is","a","DNA","strand","containing","all","the","information","making","your","life","possible","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"You're right in the middle between the most important factors keeping everything alive.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","'re","right","in","the","middle","between","the","most","important","factors","keeping","everything","alive","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"From here on, things just kind of stop making sense.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["From","here","on",",","things","just","kind","of","stop","making","sense","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,13,14,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"A billion is already too much, but now everything just seems to mean a lot.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","billion","is","already","too","much",",","but","now","everything","just","seems","to","mean","a","lot","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy, Sagittarius A-star, is 14.5 billion times bigger than you.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":79,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":114,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["The","supermassive","black","hole","at","the","center","of","our","galaxy",",","Sagittarius","A","-","star",",","is","14.5","billion","times","bigger","than","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,39,40,40,40,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A hydrogen atom is 15.5 billion times smaller than you.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","hydrogen","atom","is","15.5","billion","times","smaller","than","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But the thing is, we're not even close to being done, and it's not impossible to get at least a sense of how these scale.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":119,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":28,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","the","thing","is",",","we","'re","not","even","close","to","being","done",",","and","it","'s","not","impossible","to","get","at","least","a","sense","of","how","these","scale","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The solar system is 22 trillion times larger than you.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","solar","system","is","22","trillion","times","larger","than","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On the other end of the scale is the wavelength of low-energy neutrinos released from fusion reactions in our Sun.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":113,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["On","the","other","end","of","the","scale","is","the","wavelength","of","low","-","energy","neutrinos","released","from","fusion","reactions","in","our","Sun","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"About 100 trillion of them are passing through you every single second, like ghosts a trillion times smaller than you, basically never hitting any of the particles inside you.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":20,"token_start":13},{"end":173,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":119,"token_end":30,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["About","100","trillion","of","them","are","passing","through","you","every","single","second",",","like","ghosts","a","trillion","times","smaller","than","you",",","basically","never","hitting","any","of","the","particles","inside","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,27,13,14,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you moved through the solar system in a straight line, you probably wouldn't hit anything either.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":78,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":80,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":18,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","you","moved","through","the","solar","system","in","a","straight","line",",","you","probably","would","n't","hit","anything","either","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,15,37,19,5,13,0]}
{"text":"Although things are beginning to get really weird now.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Although","things","are","beginning","to","get","really","weird","now","."],"tags":[0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A single proton at the heart of the hydrogen atom is almost exactly one quadrillion times smaller than you.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["A","single","proton","at","the","heart","of","the","hydrogen","atom","is","almost","exactly","one","quadrillion","times","smaller","than","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If the proton were as big as you, the hydrogen atoms would be taller than 12 Mount Everest's.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":60,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","the","proton","were","as","big","as","you",",","the","hydrogen","atoms","would","be","taller","than","12","Mount","Everest","'s","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On the other end, we meet something that just breaks human brains, the incredible vastness of space.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","the","other","end",",","we","meet","something","that","just","breaks","human","brains",",","the","incredible","vastness","of","space","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We just have no reference for these distances at all.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","just","have","no","reference","for","these","distances","at","all","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The distance to the closest star to Earth, Alpha Centauri, is not one quadrillion times in the other direction from the tiny proton, but 24 quadrillion.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":151,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":28,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","distance","to","the","closest","star","to","Earth",",","Alpha","Centauri",",","is","not","one","quadrillion","times","in","the","other","direction","from","the","tiny","proton",",","but","24","quadrillion","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Space is just so large, it's kind of mean.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Space","is","just","so","large",",","it","'s","kind","of","mean","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And it goes on like this.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","it","goes","on","like","this","."],"tags":[0,1,31,32,13,14,0]}
{"text":"A quintillion times smaller than you is the strange world of the quarks.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","quintillion","times","smaller","than","you","is","the","strange","world","of","the","quarks","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The proton is not actually like a tiny ball, but kind of just a ripple on the surface of the ocean of quarks.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":108,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","proton","is","not","actually","like","a","tiny","ball",",","but","kind","of","just","a","ripple","on","the","surface","of","the","ocean","of","quarks","."],"tags":[1,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Every moment, countless quarks pop into existence, along with their antiparticle enemies, before doing furious battle and annihilating each other in an instant.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":158,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":25,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Every","moment",",","countless","quarks","pop","into","existence",",","along","with","their","antiparticle","enemies",",","before","doing","furious","battle","and","annihilating","each","other","in","an","instant","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,19,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Because the harder you look for them, the more quarks seem to appear.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Because","the","harder","you","look","for","them",",","the","more","quarks","seem","to","appear","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,1,17,18,19,0]}
{"text":"We're simplifying so much, it's like a lie anyway.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'re","simplifying","so","much",",","it","'s","like","a","lie","anyway","."],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"However we choose to illustrate this, it's wrong.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["However","we","choose","to","illustrate","this",",","it","'s","wrong","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"What actually is a quark?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","actually","is","a","quark","?"],"tags":[1,13,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"What does it look like to human minds?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["What","does","it","look","like","to","human","minds","?"],"tags":[11,15,1,21,11,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Nobody knows.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Nobody","knows","."],"tags":[1,25,0]}
{"text":"As you sit here confused, let's look up again.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["As","you","sit","here","confused",",","let","'s","look","up","again","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The ocean of quarks in a proton, inside a single atom of a single cell of your body, is as small to you as you are compared to a sphere around 174 light years across, containing about 16,000 stars.","spans":[{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":18,"token_start":0},{"end":87,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":196,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":41,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["The","ocean","of","quarks","in","a","proton",",","inside","a","single","atom","of","a","single","cell","of","your","body",",","is","as","small","to","you","as","you","are","compared","to","a","sphere","around","174","light","years","across",",","containing","about","16,000","stars","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And this is just a tiny speck of dust to our galaxy.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","this","is","just","a","tiny","speck","of","dust","to","our","galaxy","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The Milky Way is close to one sextillion times larger than you.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","Milky","Way","is","close","to","one","sextillion","times","larger","than","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"At the opposite end, we have particles a sextillion times smaller than yourself.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","the","opposite","end",",","we","have","particles","a","sextillion","times","smaller","than","yourself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We're getting to the end.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'re","getting","to","the","end","."],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The observable universe is 93 billion light years in diameter.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","observable","universe","is","93","billion","light","years","in","diameter","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But it's still finite.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","still","finite","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"It's only 465,000 Milky Ways side by side.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","only","465,000","Milky","Ways","side","by","side","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you were the size of our galaxy, the observable universe would only be a day's drive across.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":72,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":93,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","you","were","the","size","of","our","galaxy",",","the","observable","universe","would","only","be","a","day","'s","drive","across","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On the other end of that scale, we have the tiniest particle ever detected.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["On","the","other","end","of","that","scale",",","we","have","the","tiniest","particle","ever","detected","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A proton traveling so close to the speed of light, it got squished into a pancake.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["A","proton","traveling","so","close","to","the","speed","of","light",",","it","got","squished","into","a","pancake","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We're at the border of things that we have evidence for.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","'re","at","the","border","of","things","that","we","have","evidence","for","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Are you truly in the middle of everything?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Are","you","truly","in","the","middle","of","everything","?"],"tags":[21,1,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The theoretical smallest physical distance is the Planck length, a hundred million times smaller than even the pancake proton.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":124,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","theoretical","smallest","physical","distance","is","the","Planck","length",",","a","hundred","million","times","smaller","than","even","the","pancake","proton","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But we don't know if it's real, only that our theories of the universe break down here.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","we","do","n't","know","if","it","'s","real",",","only","that","our","theories","of","the","universe","break","down","here","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Likewise, on the other end, does the bigness of the universe match the smallness of the Planck length?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Likewise",",","on","the","other","end",",","does","the","bigness","of","the","universe","match","the","smallness","of","the","Planck","length","?"],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,0,15,1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Well, actually, the universe could be considerably larger than that.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Well",",","actually",",","the","universe","could","be","considerably","larger","than","that","."],"tags":[0,0,13,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But we will never know.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","we","will","never","know","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,0]}
{"text":"Let's go back and look at the dimensions again.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","go","back","and","look","at","the","dimensions","again","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"There are so many big things, so many small things wrapped up in them.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","so","many","big","things",",","so","many","small","things","wrapped","up","in","them","."],"tags":[3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The universe seems to be exactly the right size, with you in the middle.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","universe","seems","to","be","exactly","the","right","size",",","with","you","in","the","middle","."],"tags":[1,2,17,18,21,13,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"How do you try to get it exactly right, say, when you have to make a big choice, like buying a new mattress?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["How","do","you","try","to","get","it","exactly","right",",","say",",","when","you","have","to","make","a","big","choice",",","like","buying","a","new","mattress","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You probably compare trustworthy reviews and test out a few models.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["You","probably","compare","trustworthy","reviews","and","test","out","a","few","models","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"GiveWell is an independent and rigorous resource for a different kind of purchase, a donation.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["GiveWell","is","an","independent","and","rigorous","resource","for","a","different","kind","of","purchase",",","a","donation","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"GiveWell's mission is to let donors make informed decisions about high-impact giving.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["GiveWell","'s","mission","is","to","let","donors","make","informed","decisions","about","high","-","impact","giving","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"That's why they've now spent over 15 years researching charitable organizations and only direct funding to a few of the highest-impact opportunities they've found in global health and poverty alleviation, and why we trust their judgment.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":235,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":41,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","why","they","'ve","now","spent","over","15","years","researching","charitable","organizations","and","only","direct","funding","to","a","few","of","the","highest","-","impact","opportunities","they","'ve","found","in","global","health","and","poverty","alleviation",",","and","why","we","trust","their","judgment","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You can find all of their research and recommendations on their site for free.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["You","can","find","all","of","their","research","and","recommendations","on","their","site","for","free","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Over 100,000 donors have used GiveWell to donate more than $1 billion.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Over","100,000","donors","have","used","GiveWell","to","donate","more","than","$","1","billion","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These donations have the potential to save over 150,000 lives and improve the lives of millions more.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["These","donations","have","the","potential","to","save","over","150,000","lives","and","improve","the","lives","of","millions","more","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you've never donated through GiveWell before, you can have your donation matched up to $100 before the end of the year or as long as matching funds last.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":94,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":18,"token_start":14},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":31,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","you","'ve","never","donated","through","GiveWell","before",",","you","can","have","your","donation","matched","up","to","$","100","before","the","end","of","the","year","or","as","long","as","matching","funds","last","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Donations made through them are tax-deductible, and GiveWell doesn't take a cut.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Donations","made","through","them","are","tax","-","deductible",",","and","GiveWell","does","n't","take","a","cut","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To claim your match, go to givewell.org, pick YouTube, and enter Kurzgesagt and check out to get your donation matched.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["To","claim","your","match",",","go","to","givewell.org",",","pick","YouTube",",","and","enter","Kurzgesagt","and","check","out","to","get","your","donation","matched","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,19,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We wish you a peaceful and cozy turn of the year.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","wish","you","a","peaceful","and","cozy","turn","of","the","year","."],"tags":[1,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"See you back at full throttle in January.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["See","you","back","at","full","throttle","in","January","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"When we think about alien civilizations, we tend to look into the vastness of space, to faraway planets.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":103,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["When","we","think","about","alien","civilizations",",","we","tend","to","look","into","the","vastness","of","space",",","to","faraway","planets","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But there is another incredibly vast dimension that we might be giving too little thought to.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":91,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","is","another","incredibly","vast","dimension","that","we","might","be","giving","too","little","thought","to","."],"tags":[0,3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Could it be that over the last hundreds of millions of years, other civilizations existed on Earth?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Could","it","be","that","over","the","last","hundreds","of","millions","of","years",",","other","civilizations","existed","on","Earth","?"],"tags":[15,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"What does science have to say about this and what are the implications for us?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["What","does","science","have","to","say","about","this","and","what","are","the","implications","for","us","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,17,18,19,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Life on Earth has existed for 4 billion years, mostly as single-celled organisms, until some 540 million years ago, the Cambrian explosion heralded the age of animals.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":15,"token_start":10},{"end":165,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":31,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Life","on","Earth","has","existed","for","4","billion","years",",","mostly","as","single","-","celled","organisms",",","until","some","540","million","years","ago",",","the","Cambrian","explosion","heralded","the","age","of","animals","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Where would we look for them and what could we hope to find?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Where","would","we","look","for","them","and","what","could","we","hope","to","find","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,31,32,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Sadly, we have only one civilization to look at, ourselves.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Sadly",",","we","have","only","one","civilization","to","look","at",",","ourselves","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Anatomically modern humans emerged around 300,000 years ago and probably lived in small groups of hunter-gatherers, slowly spreading around the world.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":27,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Anatomically","modern","humans","emerged","around","300,000","years","ago","and","probably","lived","in","small","groups","of","hunter","-","gatherers",",","slowly","spreading","around","the","world","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Progress was slow and our lifestyle didn't change much, although there may have been local bursts of complexity.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Progress","was","slow","and","our","lifestyle","did","n't","change","much",",","although","there","may","have","been","local","bursts","of","complexity","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"we changed the face of the planet, cleared forests and constructed cities and temples for our gods at breathtaking speeds and scales.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["we","changed","the","face","of","the","planet",",","cleared","forests","and","constructed","cities","and","temples","for","our","gods","at","breathtaking","speeds","and","scales","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Until about 300 years ago, we became an industrial species and yet again our numbers grew exponentially, as did our impact on the planet.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":136,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Until","about","300","years","ago",",","we","became","an","industrial","species","and","yet","again","our","numbers","grew","exponentially",",","as","did","our","impact","on","the","planet","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We could say that our 300,000 year long history has three phases.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","could","say","that","our","300,000","year","long","history","has","three","phases","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We were hunter-gatherers for 97%, farmers for 2.9% and industrialists for 0.1% of our history.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","were","hunter","-","gatherers","for","97","%",",","farmers","for","2.9","%","and","industrialists","for","0.1","%","of","our","history","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And yet, we are super new on Earth.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","we","are","super","new","on","Earth","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,21,11,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"On geological timescales, even the sturdiest things lose their durability.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["On","geological","timescales",",","even","the","sturdiest","things","lose","their","durability","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The oldest large-scale surface is the Negev Desert, a meager 1.8 million years old.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","oldest","large","-","scale","surface","is","the","Negev","Desert",",","a","meager","1.8","million","years","old","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Everything older has been crushed to dust or turned over and it's either below the ground or covered by ice or ocean.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Everything","older","has","been","crushed","to","dust","or","turned","over","and","it","'s","either","below","the","ground","or","covered","by","ice","or","ocean","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,13,14,0,0,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Our age, the Anthropocene, will be a layer only a few centimeters thick in a few million years.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":14,"token_start":8},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Our","age",",","the","Anthropocene",",","will","be","a","layer","only","a","few","centimeters","thick","in","a","few","million","years","."],"tags":[1,2,0,39,40,0,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If there were aliens before us and they too went through these three phases, what would remain of them?","spans":[{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":94,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":88,"token_end":17,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","there","were","aliens","before","us","and","they","too","went","through","these","three","phases",",","what","would","remain","of","them","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,0,0,0]}
{"text":"What can we learn about indigenous aliens by looking at ourselves?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["What","can","we","learn","about","indigenous","aliens","by","looking","at","ourselves","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We actually know that in the last few million years there were hunter-gatherer aliens.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","actually","know","that","in","the","last","few","million","years","there","were","hunter","-","gatherer","aliens","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They left fragments of their bodies, of weapons and tools and even art.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","left","fragments","of","their","bodies",",","of","weapons","and","tools","and","even","art","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Considering how long they existed and how little remains of them, although they live not that far from our present, it's easy to think there have been others.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":20,"token_start":12},{"end":118,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":116,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":120,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":118,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":125,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":121,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":157,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":126,"token_end":30,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["Considering","how","long","they","existed","and","how","little","remains","of","them",",","although","they","live","not","that","far","from","our","present",",","it","'s","easy","to","think","there","have","been","others","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"For the last two million years, most hominins lived as hunter-gatherers.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["For","the","last","two","million","years",",","most","hominins","lived","as","hunter","-","gatherers","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So if these aliens never moved up higher on the tech tree, hundreds of different species and cultures could have existed without leaving any traces.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":100,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":18,"token_start":13},{"end":106,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":102,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":111,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":108,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":119,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":113,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":146,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":121,"token_end":25,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["So","if","these","aliens","never","moved","up","higher","on","the","tech","tree",",","hundreds","of","different","species","and","cultures","could","have","existed","without","leaving","any","traces","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Their artifacts lost to biological and then geological processes.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Their","artifacts","lost","to","biological","and","then","geological","processes","."],"tags":[1,2,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At worst, they would leave absolutely nothing to be found after thousands of years.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["At","worst",",","they","would","leave","absolutely","nothing","to","be","found","after","thousands","of","years","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We talked about how unlikely the process of fossilization is in more detail in our dinosaur video.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["We","talked","about","how","unlikely","the","process","of","fossilization","is","in","more","detail","in","our","dinosaur","video","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But in a nutshell, per 100,000 years of Earth's history, we only get a handful of good fossils.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","in","a","nutshell",",","per","100,000","years","of","Earth","'s","history",",","we","only","get","a","handful","of","good","fossils","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So we might easily just miss fossils of such people, but even if we had any, we wouldn't necessarily be able to identify them as hunter-gatherers.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":145,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":30,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","we","might","easily","just","miss","fossils","of","such","people",",","but","even","if","we","had","any",",","we","would","n't","necessarily","be","able","to","identify","them","as","hunter","-","gatherers","."],"tags":[13,1,15,13,13,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Looking at humans again, agricultural societies left much more to be dug up and found","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":48,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Looking","at","humans","again",",","agricultural","societies","left","much","more","to","be","dug","up","and","found"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6]}
{"text":"because they used more sophisticated tools made from sturdier materials and had to feed millions, leaving many more artifacts.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":75,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":125,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":76,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["because","they","used","more","sophisticated","tools","made","from","sturdier","materials","and","had","to","feed","millions",",","leaving","many","more","artifacts","."],"tags":[0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Farming allowed them to specialize and develop tech from writing to navigation, architecture, and government.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":108,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Farming","allowed","them","to","specialize","and","develop","tech","from","writing","to","navigation",",","architecture",",","and","government","."],"tags":[1,23,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Over thousands of years, city-states became kingdoms and empires, some existing for millennia before they fell.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Over","thousands","of","years",",","city","-","states","became","kingdoms","and","empires",",","some","existing","for","millennia","before","they","fell","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Many of the buildings or monuments they constructed are still around, and traces of them will exist for a few thousand more years.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":129,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Many","of","the","buildings","or","monuments","they","constructed","are","still","around",",","and","traces","of","them","will","exist","for","a","few","thousand","more","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The pyramids are piles of limestone so massive that they will probably be around for hundreds of thousands of years.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":114,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","pyramids","are","piles","of","limestone","so","massive","that","they","will","probably","be","around","for","hundreds","of","thousands","of","years","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"we can expect way more fossils and artifacts to be detectable, maybe for a few million years before they vanish.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":111,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["we","can","expect","way","more","fossils","and","artifacts","to","be","detectable",",","maybe","for","a","few","million","years","before","they","vanish","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"So we can say with confidence that no such indigenous alien civilization existed in the last few million years,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","we","can","say","with","confidence","that","no","such","indigenous","alien","civilization","existed","in","the","last","few","million","years",","],"tags":[13,1,15,19,13,14,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"because otherwise we would have found something that they left.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["because","otherwise","we","would","have","found","something","that","they","left","."],"tags":[0,13,1,15,15,29,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This still leaves a window of hundreds of millions of years, back to the emergence of complex life where we wouldn't be able to tell.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":26,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["This","still","leaves","a","window","of","hundreds","of","millions","of","years",",","back","to","the","emergence","of","complex","life","where","we","would","n't","be","able","to","tell","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If there were alien pre-industrial societies and empires on the level of the ancient Romans or Chinese, they would have likely disappeared without a trace.","spans":[{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":18,"token_start":0},{"end":107,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":113,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":109,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":118,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":115,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":120,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":137,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":127,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":153,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":139,"token_end":27,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["If","there","were","alien","pre","-","industrial","societies","and","empires","on","the","level","of","the","ancient","Romans","or","Chinese",",","they","would","have","likely","disappeared","without","a","trace","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,13,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Their tools, even advanced metals, would have rotted away.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Their","tools",",","even","advanced","metals",",","would","have","rotted","away","."],"tags":[1,2,0,39,40,40,0,15,15,29,35,0]}
{"text":"If they dug up canals, cleared forests, and built cities, their traces would be very hard to distinguish from nature.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":78,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":115,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","they","dug","up","canals",",","cleared","forests",",","and","built","cities",",","their","traces","would","be","very","hard","to","distinguish","from","nature","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Maybe there was once an empire of cephalopods occupying impressive cities in swamps and lakes made from wood and stone.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":117,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Maybe","there","was","once","an","empire","of","cephalopods","occupying","impressive","cities","in","swamps","and","lakes","made","from","wood","and","stone","."],"tags":[13,3,23,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Maybe they never industrialized.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Maybe","they","never","industrialized","."],"tags":[13,1,37,23,0]}
{"text":"Maybe their society was too stable or not inventive enough, or they never got a chance.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Maybe","their","society","was","too","stable","or","not","inventive","enough",",","or","they","never","got","a","chance","."],"tags":[13,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A single event like an asteroid, an epidemic, or an ice age could just have deleted their civilization, ground up their temples, as their soft bodies rotted away.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":19,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["A","single","event","like","an","asteroid",",","an","epidemic",",","or","an","ice","age","could","just","have","deleted","their","civilization",",","ground","up","their","temples",",","as","their","soft","bodies","rotted","away","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,15,29,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Sadly, we don't have the tiniest amount of evidence for any such civilization.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Sadly",",","we","do","n't","have","the","tiniest","amount","of","evidence","for","any","such","civilization","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"After a few million years at best, their achievements would have dissolved into nothing.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["After","a","few","million","years","at","best",",","their","achievements","would","have","dissolved","into","nothing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Imagine humans died out suddenly through a pandemic or cosmic rays or something like that.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","humans","died","out","suddenly","through","a","pandemic","or","cosmic","rays","or","something","like","that","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"What would remain?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","would","remain","?"],"tags":[1,15,19,0]}
{"text":"Our impact on the planet is orders of magnitude greater than that of our ancestors.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Our","impact","on","the","planet","is","orders","of","magnitude","greater","than","that","of","our","ancestors","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The fossil record will show a great extinction of wildlife and an explosion of fossils from human associated animals like rats, cows, pigs, and chickens.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":151,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":27,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","fossil","record","will","show","a","great","extinction","of","wildlife","and","an","explosion","of","fossils","from","human","associated","animals","like","rats",",","cows",",","pigs",",","and","chickens","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Like the structures of our ancestors, skyscrapers and streets and hard drives will basically crumble into nothingness in a few millennia.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":99,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":93,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":135,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":118,"token_end":21,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Like","the","structures","of","our","ancestors",",","skyscrapers","and","streets","and","hard","drives","will","basically","crumble","into","nothingness","in","a","few","millennia","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But because there were so many humans everywhere, for a few million years after our sudden end, there would be clear hints of our existence.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":17,"token_start":9},{"end":100,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":106,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":102,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":109,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":108,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":138,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":111,"token_end":26,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["But","because","there","were","so","many","humans","everywhere",",","for","a","few","million","years","after","our","sudden","end",",","there","would","be","clear","hints","of","our","existence","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,19,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The byproducts of our industrial lifestyle might actually give us away for some hundreds of millions of years.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":66,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","byproducts","of","our","industrial","lifestyle","might","actually","give","us","away","for","some","hundreds","of","millions","of","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We use massive amounts of artificial fertilizer which redirects Earth's flow of nitrogen that is being deposited in the soil.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":123,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","use","massive","amounts","of","artificial","fertilizer","which","redirects","Earth","'s","flow","of","nitrogen","that","is","being","deposited","in","the","soil","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Mining metals and rare earth elements leaves long-term scars and depletes natural resources.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Mining","metals","and","rare","earth","elements","leaves","long","-","term","scars","and","depletes","natural","resources","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We saturate our oceans with plastics that find their way to the ocean floor and may persist for hundreds of millions of years.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","saturate","our","oceans","with","plastics","that","find","their","way","to","the","ocean","floor","and","may","persist","for","hundreds","of","millions","of","years","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There are radioactive elements and their decay, unnatural accumulations of elements that don't exist outside labs or weapons.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":124,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","radioactive","elements","and","their","decay",",","unnatural","accumulations","of","elements","that","do","n't","exist","outside","labs","or","weapons","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And of course, in our short industrial history, we have changed the proportion of CO2 in the air by burning massive amounts of fossil fuels, increasing the acidity of the oceans, and so on.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":19,"token_start":13},{"end":187,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":37,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["And","of","course",",","in","our","short","industrial","history",",","we","have","changed","the","proportion","of","CO2","in","the","air","by","burning","massive","amounts","of","fossil","fuels",",","increasing","the","acidity","of","the","oceans",",","and","so","on","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We may already have left a mark in the geological record.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","may","already","have","left","a","mark","in","the","geological","record","."],"tags":[1,15,13,15,29,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So far, we have found no traces of an industrial alien civilization.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","far",",","we","have","found","no","traces","of","an","industrial","alien","civilization","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We do see mass extinctions and massive shifts in the fossil records, but no evidence that they did not occur naturally.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":117,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["We","do","see","mass","extinctions","and","massive","shifts","in","the","fossil","records",",","but","no","evidence","that","they","did","not","occur","naturally","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And, ironically, we've hit upon an interesting problem here.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And",",","ironically",",","we","'ve","hit","upon","an","interesting","problem","here","."],"tags":[0,0,13,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,0]}
{"text":"If industrial societies stress the ecosystem enough to cause their own extinction, they won't be around that long.","spans":[{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":88,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":93,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":90,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":96,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":94,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":103,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":19,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","industrial","societies","stress","the","ecosystem","enough","to","cause","their","own","extinction",",","they","wo","n't","be","around","that","long","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,21,11,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But if they become sustainable, their imprint on the geological record may be tiny.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":76,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","if","they","become","sustainable",",","their","imprint","on","the","geological","record","may","be","tiny","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"If past industrial civilizations were sustainable before they died out, we may have little to no chance of ever knowing about them.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":79,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":129,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","past","industrial","civilizations","were","sustainable","before","they","died","out",",","we","may","have","little","to","no","chance","of","ever","knowing","about","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In any case, over hundreds of millions of years, these signatures may become very subtle and get overlooked or interpreted as natural.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":91,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":132,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":93,"token_end":23,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["In","any","case",",","over","hundreds","of","millions","of","years",",","these","signatures","may","become","very","subtle","and","get","overlooked","or","interpreted","as","natural","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Even if an industrialized alien society existed 200 million years ago and lasted for 100,000 years, 300 times longer than industrial humanity,","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":141,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Even","if","an","industrialized","alien","society","existed","200","million","years","ago","and","lasted","for","100,000","years",",","300","times","longer","than","industrial","humanity",","],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"it still might be easy to miss it in the geological record.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["it","still","might","be","easy","to","miss","it","in","the","geological","record","."],"tags":[3,13,15,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In any case, all of this is speculation.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","any","case",",","all","of","this","is","speculation","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"In the end, we shouldn't use our imagination to trick ourselves into thinking we know anything about our blind spots.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":21,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","we","should","n't","use","our","imagination","to","trick","ourselves","into","thinking","we","know","anything","about","our","blind","spots","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Just assuming a thing happened because we don't have evidence against it is a trap we should avoid.","spans":[{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Just","assuming","a","thing","happened","because","we","do","n't","have","evidence","against","it","is","a","trap","we","should","avoid","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So, for now, if we look at the vastness of time, it seems as devoid of aliens as the vastness of space.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":102,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":24,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So",",","for","now",",","if","we","look","at","the","vastness","of","time",",","it","seems","as","devoid","of","aliens","as","the","vastness","of","space","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Maybe we are alone in this universe, and always were.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Maybe","we","are","alone","in","this","universe",",","and","always","were","."],"tags":[13,1,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Maybe we'll find traces of others eventually, we don't know.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Maybe","we","'ll","find","traces","of","others","eventually",",","we","do","n't","know","."],"tags":[13,1,15,19,5,6,6,13,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But there is one important takeaway.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","is","one","important","takeaway","."],"tags":[0,3,25,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The continuation of our civilization is not guaranteed, and if we're not careful, we may disappear forever.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","continuation","of","our","civilization","is","not","guaranteed",",","and","if","we","'re","not","careful",",","we","may","disappear","forever","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,37,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Let's hope that in a few million years, there isn't another civilization studying our layer in the fossil record.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":112,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","hope","that","in","a","few","million","years",",","there","is","n't","another","civilization","studying","our","layer","in","the","fossil","record","."],"tags":[15,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"It's frustrating to know there are so many things in our past we can't access.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","frustrating","to","know","there","are","so","many","things","in","our","past","we","ca","n't","access","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"At least you can avoid that annoying feeling when it comes to other stuff you're interested in, like your favorite TV shows or movies.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":25,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["At","least","you","can","avoid","that","annoying","feeling","when","it","comes","to","other","stuff","you","'re","interested","in",",","like","your","favorite","TV","shows","or","movies","."],"tags":[13,14,1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You can make this possible by going to nordvpn.com\/kurzgesagt.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["You","can","make","this","possible","by","going","to","nordvpn.com\/kurzgesagt","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,33,13,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"and access regionally blocked content or games that may not be available in your country.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["and","access","regionally","blocked","content","or","games","that","may","not","be","available","in","your","country","."],"tags":[0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"Vaccines are celebrated for their part in fighting disease.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Vaccines","are","celebrated","for","their","part","in","fighting","disease","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But a growing group of people seem to believe that they endanger our health instead of protecting it.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","a","growing","group","of","people","seem","to","believe","that","they","endanger","our","health","instead","of","protecting","it","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The internet is full of stories about allergic reactions, the onset of disabilities, and even death following vaccination appointments.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":133,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","internet","is","full","of","stories","about","allergic","reactions",",","the","onset","of","disabilities",",","and","even","death","following","vaccination","appointments","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And it's true, vaccines can have side effects.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","it","'s","true",",","vaccines","can","have","side","effects","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,1,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's look at how they work, and how dangerous they really are","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","look","at","how","they","work",",","and","how","dangerous","they","really","are"],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34]}
{"text":"Your immune system is a complex army of billions of cells, soldiers, intelligence cells, and weapons factories.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":109,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","immune","system","is","a","complex","army","of","billions","of","cells",",","soldiers",",","intelligence","cells",",","and","weapons","factories","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Every day you're attacked countless times, but your immune soldiers alone usually deal with that, so you don't even notice.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Every","day","you","'re","attacked","countless","times",",","but","your","immune","soldiers","alone","usually","deal","with","that",",","so","you","do","n't","even","notice","."],"tags":[13,14,1,15,29,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If an infection becomes serious though, our intelligence cells gather intel about the attackers and activate our weapons factories.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":98,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":96,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":129,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":100,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","an","infection","becomes","serious","though",",","our","intelligence","cells","gather","intel","about","the","attackers","and","activate","our","weapons","factories","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"You know the weapon, antibodies.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","know","the","weapon",",","antibodies","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They're like targeted missiles, produced specifically to combat the invader.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","'re","like","targeted","missiles",",","produced","specifically","to","combat","the","invader","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, this process takes several days to complete.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","this","process","takes","several","days","to","complete","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,25,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"That gives intruders a lot of time to do damage.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["That","gives","intruders","a","lot","of","time","to","do","damage","."],"tags":[1,25,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"Contrary to popular wisdom, what doesn't kill you doesn't make you stronger.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Contrary","to","popular","wisdom",",","what","does","n't","kill","you","does","n't","make","you","stronger","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,33,0]}
{"text":"Our bodies really don't want to fight serious wars over and over, so our immune system came up with an ingenious way to get stronger and stronger over time.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":68,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":155,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":30,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Our","bodies","really","do","n't","want","to","fight","serious","wars","over","and","over",",","so","our","immune","system","came","up","with","an","ingenious","way","to","get","stronger","and","stronger","over","time","."],"tags":[1,2,13,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If we fight an enemy that is dangerous enough to trigger our heavy weapons, our immune system automatically creates memory cells.","spans":[{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":15},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":114,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":108,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":127,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":116,"token_end":21,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","we","fight","an","enemy","that","is","dangerous","enough","to","trigger","our","heavy","weapons",",","our","immune","system","automatically","creates","memory","cells","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,13,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Memory cells remain in our body for years in a deep sleep.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Memory","cells","remain","in","our","body","for","years","in","a","deep","sleep","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,13,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They do nothing but remember.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","do","nothing","but","remember","."],"tags":[1,19,5,41,42,0]}
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{"text":"This is so fast and effective that many infections you beat once will never make you sick again.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","so","fast","and","effective","that","many","infections","you","beat","once","will","never","make","you","sick","again","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You might even be immune against them forever, which is also why little kids are constantly ill.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["You","might","even","be","immune","against","them","forever",",","which","is","also","why","little","kids","are","constantly","ill","."],"tags":[1,15,13,21,11,12,12,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They don't have enough memory cells yet.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["They","do","n't","have","enough","memory","cells","yet","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,13,0]}
{"text":"And this beautiful natural mechanism is what we build on when we use vaccines.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","this","beautiful","natural","mechanism","is","what","we","build","on","when","we","use","vaccines","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"How vaccines work","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["How","vaccines","work"],"tags":[13,1,19]}
{"text":"As great as memory cells are, obtaining them through an infection is unpleasant and sometimes dangerous.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":102,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","great","as","memory","cells","are",",","obtaining","them","through","an","infection","is","unpleasant","and","sometimes","dangerous","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Vaccines are a way of tricking our bodies into making memory cells and becoming immune to a disease.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Vaccines","are","a","way","of","tricking","our","bodies","into","making","memory","cells","and","becoming","immune","to","a","disease","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They pretend to be a dangerous infection.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","pretend","to","be","a","dangerous","infection","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"One way of doing this is to inject invaders that can't do harm.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["One","way","of","doing","this","is","to","inject","invaders","that","ca","n't","do","harm","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Our immune systems deal with these kinds of vaccines pretty easily.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Our","immune","systems","deal","with","these","kinds","of","vaccines","pretty","easily","."],"tags":[1,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Sometimes it's necessary to make our immune system work harder though to produce even more memory cells.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":103,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Sometimes","it","'s","necessary","to","make","our","immune","system","work","harder","though","to","produce","even","more","memory","cells","."],"tags":[13,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Live vaccines are the real deal.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Live","vaccines","are","the","real","deal","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"An enemy that can punch back is a bigger challenge than a dead one.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["An","enemy","that","can","punch","back","is","a","bigger","challenge","than","a","dead","one","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But this also sounds like a sort of horrible idea.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","this","also","sounds","like","a","sort","of","horrible","idea","."],"tags":[0,1,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"To avoid that, we breed a sort of weak cousin of the real germ in the lab.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["To","avoid","that",",","we","breed","a","sort","of","weak","cousin","of","the","real","germ","in","the","lab","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Okay, so these are the basic principles of vaccine use.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Okay",",","so","these","are","the","basic","principles","of","vaccine","use","."],"tags":[0,0,13,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They provoke a natural reaction in our bodies that makes us become immune against very dangerous diseases.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","provoke","a","natural","reaction","in","our","bodies","that","makes","us","become","immune","against","very","dangerous","diseases","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Some, like the flu virus, mutate so often that we need a new vaccine every year.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Some",",","like","the","flu","virus",",","mutate","so","often","that","we","need","a","new","vaccine","every","year","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,0,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But most vaccines protect us for years or even a lifetime.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","most","vaccines","protect","us","for","years","or","even","a","lifetime","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But there's a catch.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","'s","a","catch","."],"tags":[0,3,25,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Like everything in life, vaccines have another side.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Like","everything","in","life",",","vaccines","have","another","side","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"What are they and what happens if your child develops one?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","are","they","and","what","happens","if","your","child","develops","one","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's complicated to directly compare the side effects of vaccines with the effects of diseases.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","complicated","to","directly","compare","the","side","effects","of","vaccines","with","the","effects","of","diseases","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"For example, hundreds of millions of people are vaccinated against measles in the West, but there were only 83,000 cases in Europe in 2018.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":88,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":138,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":92,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["For","example",",","hundreds","of","millions","of","people","are","vaccinated","against","measles","in","the","West",",","but","there","were","only","83,000","cases","in","Europe","in","2018","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So with numbers that different, even mild side effects can seem scary compared to the bad effects of a disease that we don't see as much anymore.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":28,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","with","numbers","that","different",",","even","mild","side","effects","can","seem","scary","compared","to","the","bad","effects","of","a","disease","that","we","do","n't","see","as","much","anymore","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Before the measles vaccine became available in 1963, virtually every single child on Earth contracted measles at some point.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":89,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":100,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":91,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Before","the","measles","vaccine","became","available","in","1963",",","virtually","every","single","child","on","Earth","contracted","measles","at","some","point","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But are measles really that dangerous in the year 2019, with our advanced healthcare and new technologies?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","are","measles","really","that","dangerous","in","the","year","2019",",","with","our","advanced","healthcare","and","new","technologies","?"],"tags":[0,21,1,13,11,12,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Are they worth the risk of vaccine side effects?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Are","they","worth","the","risk","of","vaccine","side","effects","?"],"tags":[21,1,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's do a thought experiment based on real numbers.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","do","a","thought","experiment","based","on","real","numbers","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Imagine a developed country in a parallel world.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","a","developed","country","in","a","parallel","world","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It has good healthcare, but people stop vaccinating.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","has","good","healthcare",",","but","people","stop","vaccinating","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In this scenario, let's say 10 million children caught measles.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","this","scenario",",","let","'s","say","10","million","children","caught","measles","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"What happens?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["What","happens","?"],"tags":[1,25,0]}
{"text":"9,800,000 or 98% will get a high fever and a very unpleasant rash.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["9,800,000","or","98","%","will","get","a","high","fever","and","a","very","unpleasant","rash","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Up to 800,000 of them or 8% will suffer from dangerous diarrhea.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Up","to","800,000","of","them","or","8","%","will","suffer","from","dangerous","diarrhea","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"700,000 or 7% will suffer from an ear infection, which can lead to permanent hearing loss.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["700,000","or","7","%","will","suffer","from","an","ear","infection",",","which","can","lead","to","permanent","hearing","loss","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"600,000 kids or 6% will suffer from pneumonia, the most dangerous effect of measles.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["600,000","kids","or","6","%","will","suffer","from","pneumonia",",","the","most","dangerous","effect","of","measles","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It alone will kill 12,000 children.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","alone","will","kill","12,000","children","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Up to 10,000 children or 0.1% will get encephalitis.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Up","to","10,000","children","or","0.1","%","will","get","encephalitis","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"2,500 kids or 0.025% will contract SSPE, a disease where the measles virus lingers in their brain and kills them a few years later.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":129,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":25,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["2,500","kids","or","0.025","%","will","contract","SSPE",",","a","disease","where","the","measles","virus","lingers","in","their","brain","and","kills","them","a","few","years","later","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Taken together, around 2.5 million children will suffer from somewhat serious effects from measles.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Taken","together",",","around","2.5","million","children","will","suffer","from","somewhat","serious","effects","from","measles","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And about 20,000 children will be killed by measles.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","about","20,000","children","will","be","killed","by","measles","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"It doesn't stop here, though.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","does","n't","stop","here",",","though","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,0,13,0]}
{"text":"The kids who beat measles are left with a severely damaged immune system that needs a lot of time to regenerate.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","kids","who","beat","measles","are","left","with","a","severely","damaged","immune","system","that","needs","a","lot","of","time","to","regenerate","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Aside from that, what's almost guaranteed is that your kids will have a really bad time for about two weeks.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Aside","from","that",",","what","'s","almost","guaranteed","is","that","your","kids","will","have","a","really","bad","time","for","about","two","weeks","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's only fair to look at these risks, too.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","only","fair","to","look","at","these","risks",",","too","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"So let's repeat our thought experiment, but this time we vaccinate 10 million children with MMR.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","let","'s","repeat","our","thought","experiment",",","but","this","time","we","vaccinate","10","million","children","with","MMR","."],"tags":[13,19,5,33,34,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"What would theoretically happen here?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","would","theoretically","happen","here","?"],"tags":[1,15,13,19,13,0]}
{"text":"After being vaccinated, of our 10 million kids, around 10% get a fever.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["After","being","vaccinated",",","of","our","10","million","kids",",","around","10","%","get","a","fever","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"500,000 or 5% will get a mild rash.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["500,000","or","5","%","will","get","a","mild","rash","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Up to 100 or 0.001% might have a serious allergic reaction and will have to be treated.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Up","to","100","or","0.001","%","might","have","a","serious","allergic","reaction","and","will","have","to","be","treated","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Up to 10 boys or 0.0001% might get inflammation of the genitalia.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Up","to","10","boys","or","0.0001","%","might","get","inflammation","of","the","genitalia","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And up to 10 kids in total or 0.0001% might get the most serious side effect, encephalitis.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","up","to","10","kids","in","total","or","0.0001","%","might","get","the","most","serious","side","effect",",","encephalitis","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So we vaccinated 10 million kids.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","we","vaccinated","10","million","kids","."],"tags":[13,1,23,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In total, around 120 had side effects that were somewhat serious.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","total",",","around","120","had","side","effects","that","were","somewhat","serious","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Thanks to good medical treatment in developed regions, almost all of them will be fine.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":80,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Thanks","to","good","medical","treatment","in","developed","regions",",","almost","all","of","them","will","be","fine","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The connection of autism and vaccines stems from one source that has been disproven countless times.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","connection","of","autism","and","vaccines","stems","from","one","source","that","has","been","disproven","countless","times","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We'll link to further reading and videos in the description.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","'ll","link","to","further","reading","and","videos","in","the","description","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But in 2019, it's fair to say that vaccines do not cause autism.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","in","2019",",","it","'s","fair","to","say","that","vaccines","do","not","cause","autism","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It's really hard to say if even a single one of our 10 million vaccinated kids would die.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","really","hard","to","say","if","even","a","single","one","of","our","10","million","vaccinated","kids","would","die","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We really did look hard and talked to a lot of different experts.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","really","did","look","hard","and","talked","to","a","lot","of","different","experts","."],"tags":[1,13,15,21,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"If we ignore self-reporting, we could only come up with a tiny handful of documented cases for all the hundreds of millions of children who received the MMR vaccine since 1971.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":175,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":33,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","we","ignore","self","-","reporting",",","we","could","only","come","up","with","a","tiny","handful","of","documented","cases","for","all","the","hundreds","of","millions","of","children","who","received","the","MMR","vaccine","since","1971","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Measles are many, many thousands of times more dangerous for your child than even the absolute worst case of vaccine side effects.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":128,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Measles","are","many",",","many","thousands","of","times","more","dangerous","for","your","child","than","even","the","absolute","worst","case","of","vaccine","side","effects","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You have to search for lethal vaccine side effects with a huge magnifying glass and even then it's very hard to find confirmed cases,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":83,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":132,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":84,"token_end":24,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["You","have","to","search","for","lethal","vaccine","side","effects","with","a","huge","magnifying","glass","and","even","then","it","'s","very","hard","to","find","confirmed","cases",","],"tags":[1,17,18,19,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"while deaths from measles are real and easy to find.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["while","deaths","from","measles","are","real","and","easy","to","find","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In 2017 alone, 110,000 people died from measles worldwide.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","2017","alone",",","110,000","people","died","from","measles","worldwide","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,23,13,14,13,0]}
{"text":"Statistically, today 300 children will die of measles.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Statistically",",","today","300","children","will","die","of","measles","."],"tags":[13,0,0,1,2,15,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"You can compare vaccines to seatbelts.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","can","compare","vaccines","to","seatbelts","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Are there weird freak accidents where someone gets killed by their seatbelt?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Are","there","weird","freak","accidents","where","someone","gets","killed","by","their","seatbelt","?"],"tags":[19,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But do you personally think it's safer to not put a seatbelt on your kid?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","do","you","personally","think","it","'s","safer","to","not","put","a","seatbelt","on","your","kid","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Wait a second.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Wait","a","second","."],"tags":[19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"In this case, you need to become the greatest vaccination promoter of all.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","this","case",",","you","need","to","become","the","greatest","vaccination","promoter","of","all","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Because if your children can't be vaccinated, only the collective can protect them.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Because","if","your","children","ca","n't","be","vaccinated",",","only","the","collective","can","protect","them","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"This is called herd immunity, and it's the only thing that can protect your unvaccinated child.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","is","called","herd","immunity",",","and","it","'s","the","only","thing","that","can","protect","your","unvaccinated","child","."],"tags":[1,15,29,33,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Herd immunity means that enough people are immune to a disease that it can't spread and dies before it reaches its victims.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":122,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":22,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Herd","immunity","means","that","enough","people","are","immune","to","a","disease","that","it","ca","n't","spread","and","dies","before","it","reaches","its","victims","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But to accomplish this for measles alone, 95% of the people around you need to be vaccinated.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":14,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","to","accomplish","this","for","measles","alone",",","95","%","of","the","people","around","you","need","to","be","vaccinated","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The problem with the debate about vaccines is that it's not fought on a level playing field.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","problem","with","the","debate","about","vaccines","is","that","it","'s","not","fought","on","a","level","playing","field","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While the pro-vaccine side argues with studies and statistics, the arguments against them are usually a wild mixture of gut feeling, anecdotes and misinformation.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":92,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":90,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":160,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":27,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["While","the","pro","-","vaccine","side","argues","with","studies","and","statistics",",","the","arguments","against","them","are","usually","a","wild","mixture","of","gut","feeling",",","anecdotes","and","misinformation","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And feelings are often immune to facts.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","feelings","are","often","immune","to","facts","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We'll not convince anybody by screaming at them, but we can't hide from the reality of what anti-vaccine conspiracies do.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","'ll","not","convince","anybody","by","screaming","at","them",",","but","we","ca","n't","hide","from","the","reality","of","what","anti","-","vaccine","conspiracies","do","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They kill babies too young to be vaccinated.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","kill","babies","too","young","to","be","vaccinated","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They kill healthy children that are just unlucky.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","kill","healthy","children","that","are","just","unlucky","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They bring serious diseases back from the verge of extinction.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","bring","serious","diseases","back","from","the","verge","of","extinction","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And the biggest side effect of vaccines is fewer dead children.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","the","biggest","side","effect","of","vaccines","is","fewer","dead","children","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Vaccines are one of the most powerful tools we have to eradicate the monsters that most of us have already forgotten.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":115,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Vaccines","are","one","of","the","most","powerful","tools","we","have","to","eradicate","the","monsters","that","most","of","us","have","already","forgotten","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's not bring the beasts back.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","not","bring","the","beasts","back","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"We live in a peaceful part of the Milky Way.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","live","in","a","peaceful","part","of","the","Milky","Way","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our home is the Solar System, a 4.5 billion year old formation that races around the galactic center at 200,000 km per hour and circles it once every 250 million years.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":166,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":31,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Our","home","is","the","Solar","System",",","a","4.5","billion","year","old","formation","that","races","around","the","galactic","center","at","200,000","km","per","hour","and","circles","it","once","every","250","million","years","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Our star, the Sun, is at the center of the Solar System.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Our","star",",","the","Sun",",","is","at","the","center","of","the","Solar","System","."],"tags":[1,2,0,39,40,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's orbited by eight planets, trillions of asteroids and comets, and a few dwarf planets.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","orbited","by","eight","planets",",","trillions","of","asteroids","and","comets",",","and","a","few","dwarf","planets","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The eight planets are divided into four planets like ours.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","eight","planets","are","divided","into","four","planets","like","ours","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Mercury is the smallest and lightest of all the planets.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Mercury","is","the","smallest","and","lightest","of","all","the","planets","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A Mercury year is shorter than a Mercury day, which leads to enormous fluctuations in temperature.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","Mercury","year","is","shorter","than","a","Mercury","day",",","which","leads","to","enormous","fluctuations","in","temperature","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Mercury does not have an atmosphere or a moon.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Mercury","does","not","have","an","atmosphere","or","a","moon","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Venus is one of the brightest objects in the Solar System and by far the hottest planet, with atmospheric pressure that is 92 times higher than on Earth.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":16,"token_start":2},{"end":151,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":28,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Venus","is","one","of","the","brightest","objects","in","the","Solar","System","and","by","far","the","hottest","planet",",","with","atmospheric","pressure","that","is","92","times","higher","than","on","Earth","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"An out-of-control greenhouse effect means that Venus never cools below 437 degrees Celsius.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["An","out","-","of","-","control","greenhouse","effect","means","that","Venus","never","cools","below","437","degrees","Celsius","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Venus also doesn't have a moon.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Venus","also","does","n't","have","a","moon","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Earth is our home and the only planet with temperatures that are moderate enough to allow for a surplus of liquid water.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":118,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Earth","is","our","home","and","the","only","planet","with","temperatures","that","are","moderate","enough","to","allow","for","a","surplus","of","liquid","water","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Furthermore, it's so far the only place where life is known to exist.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Furthermore",",","it","'s","so","far","the","only","place","where","life","is","known","to","exist","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,13,14,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The Earth has one moon.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","Earth","has","one","moon","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Mars is the second smallest planet in the Solar System and hardly massive enough to keep a very thin atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":110,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Mars","is","the","second","smallest","planet","in","the","Solar","System","and","hardly","massive","enough","to","keep","a","very","thin","atmosphere","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Its Olympus Mons is the largest mountain in the Solar System, more than three times as high as Mount Everest.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":107,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Its","Olympus","Mons","is","the","largest","mountain","in","the","Solar","System",",","more","than","three","times","as","high","as","Mount","Everest","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Mars has two small moons.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Mars","has","two","small","moons","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Jupiter is the largest and most massive planet in the Solar System.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Jupiter","is","the","largest","and","most","massive","planet","in","the","Solar","System","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It consists largely of hydrogen and helium and is the theatre for the largest and most powerful storms we know.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","consists","largely","of","hydrogen","and","helium","and","is","the","theatre","for","the","largest","and","most","powerful","storms","we","know","."],"tags":[1,25,13,35,36,36,36,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Its largest storm, the Great Red Spot, is three times as large as Earth.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Its","largest","storm",",","the","Great","Red","Spot",",","is","three","times","as","large","as","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,0,39,40,40,40,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Jupiter has 67 moons.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Jupiter","has","67","moons","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Saturn is the second largest planet and possesses the smallest density of all the planets.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Saturn","is","the","second","largest","planet","and","possesses","the","smallest","density","of","all","the","planets","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"If you had a sufficiently large bathtub, Saturn would swim in it.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","you","had","a","sufficiently","large","bathtub",",","Saturn","would","swim","in","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Saturn is also known for its extended, very visible ring system.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Saturn","is","also","known","for","its","extended",",","very","visible","ring","system","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It has 62 moons.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","has","62","moons","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Uranus is the third largest planet and one of the coldest.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Uranus","is","the","third","largest","planet","and","one","of","the","coldest","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Of all the gas giants, it's also the smallest.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Of","all","the","gas","giants",",","it","'s","also","the","smallest","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The special thing about Uranus is that its axis of rotation is tilted sideways in contrast to the seven other planets.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":116,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","special","thing","about","Uranus","is","that","its","axis","of","rotation","is","tilted","sideways","in","contrast","to","the","seven","other","planets","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It has 27 moons.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","has","27","moons","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Neptune is the last planet in the Solar System and is similar to Uranus.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Neptune","is","the","last","planet","in","the","Solar","System","and","is","similar","to","Uranus","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It's so far removed from the Sun that a Neptune year is 164 Earth years long.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","'s","so","far","removed","from","the","Sun","that","a","Neptune","year","is","164","Earth","years","long","."],"tags":[1,21,13,14,29,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The highest wind speed ever measured was in a storm on Neptune at just under 2,100 km per hour.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","highest","wind","speed","ever","measured","was","in","a","storm","on","Neptune","at","just","under","2,100","km","per","hour","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,14,14,14,14,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Neptune has 14 moons.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Neptune","has","14","moons","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"If we compare the sizes of the planets, the differences between them become even clearer.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","we","compare","the","sizes","of","the","planets",",","the","differences","between","them","become","even","clearer","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Jupiter is the leader in terms of size and weight.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Jupiter","is","the","leader","in","terms","of","size","and","weight","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Small Mercury, on the other hand, is even smaller than one of Jupiter's moons, Ganymede.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Small","Mercury",",","on","the","other","hand",",","is","even","smaller","than","one","of","Jupiter","'s","moons",",","Ganymede","."],"tags":[1,2,0,13,14,14,14,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Jupiter is so massive that alone it contains roughly 70% of the mass of all the other planets and has a massive impact on its surroundings.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":137,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":26,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Jupiter","is","so","massive","that","alone","it","contains","roughly","70","%","of","the","mass","of","all","the","other","planets","and","has","a","massive","impact","on","its","surroundings","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"That's a blessing for Earth, since Jupiter draws most of the dangerously large asteroids that could wipe out life on Earth.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["That","'s","a","blessing","for","Earth",",","since","Jupiter","draws","most","of","the","dangerously","large","asteroids","that","could","wipe","out","life","on","Earth","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But even Jupiter is a dwarf in comparison to our star, the Sun.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","even","Jupiter","is","a","dwarf","in","comparison","to","our","star",",","the","Sun","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Calling it massive does not do justice to the Sun.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Calling","it","massive","does","not","do","justice","to","the","Sun","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,37,31,32,32,5,6,0]}
{"text":"It makes up 99.86% of the mass in our Solar System.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","makes","up","99.86","%","of","the","mass","in","our","Solar","System","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For the most part, it consists of hydrogen and helium.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","the","most","part",",","it","consists","of","hydrogen","and","helium","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Only less than 2% is made up of heavy elements like oxygen or iron.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":66,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":26,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Only","less","than","2","%","is","made","up","of","heavy","elements","like","oxygen","or","iron","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,35,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,0]}
{"text":"At its core, the Sun fuses 620 million tons of hydrogen each second and generates enough energy to satisfy mankind's needs for years.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":70,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":24,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["At","its","core",",","the","Sun","fuses","620","million","tons","of","hydrogen","each","second","and","generates","enough","energy","to","satisfy","mankind","'s","needs","for","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But not only the eight planets orbit our Sun.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","not","only","the","eight","planets","orbit","our","Sun","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,2,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Trillions of asteroids and comets also circle it.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Trillions","of","asteroids","and","comets","also","circle","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,13,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Most of them are concentrated into two belts, the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter and the Kuiper belt at the edge of the Solar System.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":139,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":26,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Most","of","them","are","concentrated","into","two","belts",",","the","asteroid","belt","between","Mars","and","Jupiter","and","the","Kuiper","belt","at","the","edge","of","the","Solar","System","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These belts are home to countless objects, some as large as a dust particle, others the size of dwarf planets.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":108,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":21,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["These","belts","are","home","to","countless","objects",",","some","as","large","as","a","dust","particle",",","others","the","size","of","dwarf","planets","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The most well-known object in the asteroid belt is Ceres.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","most","well","-","known","object","in","the","asteroid","belt","is","Ceres","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The most well-known objects in the Kuiper belt are Pluto, Makemake and Haumea.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","most","well","-","known","objects","in","the","Kuiper","belt","are","Pluto",",","Makemake","and","Haumea","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Usually, we describe the asteroid belt as a dense collection of bodies that constantly collide.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Usually",",","we","describe","the","asteroid","belt","as","a","dense","collection","of","bodies","that","constantly","collide","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But in fact, the asteroids are distributed across an area that is so indescribably large that it's even difficult to see two asteroids at once.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":26,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","in","fact",",","the","asteroids","are","distributed","across","an","area","that","is","so","indescribably","large","that","it","'s","even","difficult","to","see","two","asteroids","at","once","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Despite the billions of objects in them, the asteroid belts are fairly empty places.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Despite","the","billions","of","objects","in","them",",","the","asteroid","belts","are","fairly","empty","places","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And nonetheless, there are collisions over and over again.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","nonetheless",",","there","are","collisions","over","and","over","again","."],"tags":[0,13,0,3,19,1,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The mass of both belts is also unimpressive.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","mass","of","both","belts","is","also","unimpressive","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"The asteroid belt has a little less than 4% of our Moon's mass and the Kuiper belt is only between 125th and 110th of Earth's mass.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":14,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":28,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["The","asteroid","belt","has","a","little","less","than","4","%","of","our","Moon","'s","mass","and","the","Kuiper","belt","is","only","between","125th","and","110th","of","Earth","'s","mass","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"One day, the Solar System will cease to exist.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["One","day",",","the","Solar","System","will","cease","to","exist","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The Sun will die and Mercury, Venus and maybe Earth too will be destroyed.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":21,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","Sun","will","die","and","Mercury",",","Venus","and","maybe","Earth","too","will","be","destroyed","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In 500 million years, it will become hotter and hotter until at some point it will melt Earth's crust.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","500","million","years",",","it","will","become","hotter","and","hotter","until","at","some","point","it","will","melt","Earth","'s","crust","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Then the Sun will grow and grow and either swallow Earth or at least turn it into a sea of lava.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Then","the","Sun","will","grow","and","grow","and","either","swallow","Earth","or","at","least","turn","it","into","a","sea","of","lava","."],"tags":[13,1,2,15,19,0,41,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"When it has burnt up all its fuel and lost most of its mass, it will shrink to a white dwarf and burn gently for a few billion more years before it goes out entirely.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":69,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":21,"token_start":18},{"end":95,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":93,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":164,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":97,"token_end":35,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["When","it","has","burnt","up","all","its","fuel","and","lost","most","of","its","mass",",","it","will","shrink","to","a","white","dwarf","and","burn","gently","for","a","few","billion","more","years","before","it","goes","out","entirely","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Then at the latest, life in the Solar System will no longer be possible.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Then","at","the","latest",",","life","in","the","Solar","System","will","no","longer","be","possible","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,13,14,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The Milky Way will not even notice it.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","Milky","Way","will","not","even","notice","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,37,13,19,5,0]}
{"text":"A small part of it in one of its arms will become just a tiny bit darker.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["A","small","part","of","it","in","one","of","its","arms","will","become","just","a","tiny","bit","darker","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And mankind will cease to exist or leave the Solar System in search of a new home.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","mankind","will","cease","to","exist","or","leave","the","Solar","System","in","search","of","a","new","home","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The internet is like a breeding ground for conspiracy theories.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","internet","is","like","a","breeding","ground","for","conspiracy","theories","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While some are just stupid and funny, others promote ignorance and an unhealthy distrust.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["While","some","are","just","stupid","and","funny",",","others","promote","ignorance","and","an","unhealthy","distrust","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So, we went to the Kurzgesagt lab and developed a foolproof system to destroy not all, but a lot of conspiracy theories.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So",",","we","went","to","the","Kurzgesagt","lab","and","developed","a","foolproof","system","to","destroy","not","all",",","but","a","lot","of","conspiracy","theories","."],"tags":[13,0,1,23,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It's really simple.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","really","simple","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Just ask yourself, does the theory affect really rich and powerful people?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":73,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Just","ask","yourself",",","does","the","theory","affect","really","rich","and","powerful","people","?"],"tags":[13,19,9,0,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"Is the answer yes?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Is","the","answer","yes","?"],"tags":[21,1,2,11,0]}
{"text":"Okay, then it's most likely not true.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Okay",",","then","it","'s","most","likely","not","true","."],"tags":[0,0,13,1,21,13,14,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's test it on three examples.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","test","it","on","three","examples","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"There's an easy cure for cancer, but it's withheld because it would destroy the profits of pharma companies.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["There","'s","an","easy","cure","for","cancer",",","but","it","'s","withheld","because","it","would","destroy","the","profits","of","pharma","companies","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Hmm... Do really rich people die of cancer, like, I don't know, say, the former CEO of Apple?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Hmm","...","Do","really","rich","people","die","of","cancer",",","like",",","I","do","n't","know",",","say",",","the","former","CEO","of","Apple","?"],"tags":[0,0,15,1,2,2,19,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"There is no suppressed cure for cancer.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","no","suppressed","cure","for","cancer","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Do really powerful people breathe air?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Do","really","powerful","people","breathe","air","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,2,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Do Obama or Putin breathe air?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Do","Obama","or","Putin","breathe","air","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,2,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Chemtrails are not a thing.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Chemtrails","are","not","a","thing","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The world will end soon because of the Antichrist, Mayas, aliens, someone says so.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","world","will","end","soon","because","of","the","Antichrist",",","Mayas",",","aliens",",","someone","says","so","."],"tags":[5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,1,25,0,0]}
{"text":"Do really rich and powerful people ignore the soon-to-be-upon-us and very imminent apocalypse?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Do","really","rich","and","powerful","people","ignore","the","soon","-","to","-","be","-","upon","-","us","and","very","imminent","apocalypse","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The world will not end soon.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","world","will","not","end","soon","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,13,0]}
{"text":"This obviously doesn't work for every conspiracy theory out there, but it does work for some of the most stupid ones.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":71,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["This","obviously","does","n't","work","for","every","conspiracy","theory","out","there",",","but","it","does","work","for","some","of","the","most","stupid","ones","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"just show them this video and maybe be a bit more selective about your friends on Facebook.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["just","show","them","this","video","and","maybe","be","a","bit","more","selective","about","your","friends","on","Facebook","."],"tags":[13,19,9,7,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Deep in tropical jungles lie floating kingdoms ruled by beautiful and deadly masters.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Deep","in","tropical","jungles","lie","floating","kingdoms","ruled","by","beautiful","and","deadly","masters","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"They're sort of the high elves of the ant kingdoms, talented architects that create castles and city-states.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","'re","sort","of","the","high","elves","of","the","ant","kingdoms",",","talented","architects","that","create","castles","and","city","-","states","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But they are also fierce and expansionist warriors, and their kingdoms are ensnared in a never-ending war for survival.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":21,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","they","are","also","fierce","and","expansionist","warriors",",","and","their","kingdoms","are","ensnared","in","a","never","-","ending","war","for","survival","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Although their strong mandibles and the ability to shoot acid also make them pretty good at killing.","spans":[{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":67,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":99,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Although","their","strong","mandibles","and","the","ability","to","shoot","acid","also","make","them","pretty","good","at","killing","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Their colonies usually have two to three worker classes that vary dramatically in size.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Their","colonies","usually","have","two","to","three","worker","classes","that","vary","dramatically","in","size","."],"tags":[1,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Depending on location and species, they vary in color from dark brown to emerald green.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Depending","on","location","and","species",",","they","vary","in","color","from","dark","brown","to","emerald","green","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Other than their fancy looks, what makes weavers special is that they're in the kingdom building business.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Other","than","their","fancy","looks",",","what","makes","weavers","special","is","that","they","'re","in","the","kingdom","building","business","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They like to build at pretty much all heights, starting in shrubs a few centimeters above the ground and up to 10 meters in the tree canopy.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":139,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":27,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["They","like","to","build","at","pretty","much","all","heights",",","starting","in","shrubs","a","few","centimeters","above","the","ground","and","up","to","10","meters","in","the","tree","canopy","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But they're not satisfied with ruling just one plant.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","they","'re","not","satisfied","with","ruling","just","one","plant","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Weavers will look for twigs or lianas that bridge the gap to other trees and expand to every plant they can reach.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Weavers","will","look","for","twigs","or","lianas","that","bridge","the","gap","to","other","trees","and","expand","to","every","plant","they","can","reach","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This way, colonies spread upwards and sideways through the treetops.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","way",",","colonies","spread","upwards","and","sideways","through","the","treetops","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The largest weaver ant kingdoms we know of occupy up to 1,600 square meters, around four basketball courts.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","largest","weaver","ant","kingdoms","we","know","of","occupy","up","to","1,600","square","meters",",","around","four","basketball","courts","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So, weaver ants construct dozens of nests scattered all over their territory.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So",",","weaver","ants","construct","dozens","of","nests","scattered","all","over","their","territory","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"These masterpieces of high ant architecture are created by the weaver majors, the larger worker ants,","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["These","masterpieces","of","high","ant","architecture","are","created","by","the","weaver","majors",",","the","larger","worker","ants",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To start a new nest, a major tries to bend different leaves in her surroundings into a tube.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["To","start","a","new","nest",",","a","major","tries","to","bend","different","leaves","in","her","surroundings","into","a","tube","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If one of the leaves is flexible enough, more workers will arrive to help.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","one","of","the","leaves","is","flexible","enough",",","more","workers","will","arrive","to","help","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Chains of workers pull the leaf's edges together or reach across gaps and grab distant leaves to add them to the construction.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":124,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Chains","of","workers","pull","the","leaf","'s","edges","together","or","reach","across","gaps","and","grab","distant","leaves","to","add","them","to","the","construction","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"While the bending and pulling is going on, other workers carry larvae from the closest nest to the construction site.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":20,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["While","the","bending","and","pulling","is","going","on",",","other","workers","carry","larvae","from","the","closest","nest","to","the","construction","site","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Usually, ant larvae spin themselves a cocoon to protect themselves, but the weaver ant larvae give all of their silk to the colony as building material.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":151,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":27,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Usually",",","ant","larvae","spin","themselves","a","cocoon","to","protect","themselves",",","but","the","weaver","ant","larvae","give","all","of","their","silk","to","the","colony","as","building","material","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,19,9,7,8,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, when the workers tap the larvae's heads on the leaf, they release their sticky thread like tiny, cute glue guns.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":18,"token_start":16},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":24,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["So",",","when","the","workers","tap","the","larvae","'s","heads","on","the","leaf",",","they","release","their","sticky","thread","like","tiny",",","cute","glue","guns","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This way, the workers sew the bent leaf onto itself so it won't unfold anymore.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["This","way",",","the","workers","sew","the","bent","leaf","onto","itself","so","it","wo","n't","unfold","anymore","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This creates a central chamber that's used as the basis for up to 300 more leaves that are wound around it.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","creates","a","central","chamber","that","'s","used","as","the","basis","for","up","to","300","more","leaves","that","are","wound","around","it","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Together, they form little pockets and act as additional rooms for the new outpost.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Together",",","they","form","little","pockets","and","act","as","additional","rooms","for","the","new","outpost","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"To make it even more cozy, minor workers use the larvae to weave additional floors and chambers.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["To","make","it","even","more","cozy",",","minor","workers","use","the","larvae","to","weave","additional","floors","and","chambers","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Nests are usually constructed as barracks on the territory's borders or as storage for brood and food supplies.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Nests","are","usually","constructed","as","barracks","on","the","territory","'s","borders","or","as","storage","for","brood","and","food","supplies","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This way, the ants don't need to cross vast distances to the headquarters, but have soldiers close to any potential point of conflict.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":14,"token_start":8},{"end":78,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":133,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["This","way",",","the","ants","do","n't","need","to","cross","vast","distances","to","the","headquarters",",","but","have","soldiers","close","to","any","potential","point","of","conflict","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Here, she produces hundreds of eggs a day, which get transferred to suitable nests with brood chambers.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":101,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Here",",","she","produces","hundreds","of","eggs","a","day",",","which","get","transferred","to","suitable","nests","with","brood","chambers","."],"tags":[13,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"An established colony easily has half a million individuals that need to be fed.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["An","established","colony","easily","has","half","a","million","individuals","that","need","to","be","fed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Fortunately, weaver ants evolve to have very close and beneficial relationships with their hosts, shrubs, and trees.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Fortunately",",","weaver","ants","evolve","to","have","very","close","and","beneficial","relationships","with","their","hosts",",","shrubs",",","and","trees","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"Many other insects and even larger herbivores are scared off or even killed and eaten.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Many","other","insects","and","even","larger","herbivores","are","scared","off","or","even","killed","and","eaten","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,35,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So, in most cases, the tree only has to tolerate acceptable levels of damage while being protected from more dangerous pests.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So",",","in","most","cases",",","the","tree","only","has","to","tolerate","acceptable","levels","of","damage","while","being","protected","from","more","dangerous","pests","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,0,1,2,13,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The weaver ant kingdom could be an ant paradise if there wasn't competition.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","weaver","ant","kingdom","could","be","an","ant","paradise","if","there","was","n't","competition","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Just like medieval humans, every queen seeks to conquer others and make their land their own.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Just","like","medieval","humans",",","every","queen","seeks","to","conquer","others","and","make","their","land","their","own","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Controlling fertile land is the key to survive in the jungle.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Controlling","fertile","land","is","the","key","to","survive","in","the","jungle","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And if a kingdom loses too much of it, it shrinks and is overrun or starves to death.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":52,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["And","if","a","kingdom","loses","too","much","of","it",",","it","shrinks","and","is","overrun","or","starves","to","death","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So, expanding and defending their borders is critical to keep the colony alive.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So",",","expanding","and","defending","their","borders","is","critical","to","keep","the","colony","alive","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"When a kingdom invades another, it first gathers an army of a few thousand mages who make their way towards the opposing colony.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":126,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["When","a","kingdom","invades","another",",","it","first","gathers","an","army","of","a","few","thousand","mages","who","make","their","way","towards","the","opposing","colony","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The goal is to steal a bit of territory and take it over.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","goal","is","to","steal","a","bit","of","territory","and","take","it","over","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Defending weaver patrols quickly spot the invaders and immediately release an alarm pheromone.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Defending","weaver","patrols","quickly","spot","the","invaders","and","immediately","release","an","alarm","pheromone","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Some rush to the front to defend while others rush to the closest outposts for help, marking their route with pheromones.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Some","rush","to","the","front","to","defend","while","others","rush","to","the","closest","outposts","for","help",",","marking","their","route","with","pheromones","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Whenever they meet other sisters, they jerk their bodies as if in a fight to signal them to follow the pheromone trail to the front line.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":135,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":26,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Whenever","they","meet","other","sisters",",","they","jerk","their","bodies","as","if","in","a","fight","to","signal","them","to","follow","the","pheromone","trail","to","the","front","line","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At the site of battle, mages from both parties raise their bodies, circle each other with mandibles wide open and try to seize their opponents.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":141,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":26,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["At","the","site","of","battle",",","mages","from","both","parties","raise","their","bodies",",","circle","each","other","with","mandibles","wide","open","and","try","to","seize","their","opponents","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"If an ant gets a hold of her opponent, the victim is pulled into a group of allied mages and pinned down.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":19,"token_start":14},{"end":91,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":93,"token_end":22,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","an","ant","gets","a","hold","of","her","opponent",",","the","victim","is","pulled","into","a","group","of","allied","mages","and","pinned","down","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The ants then rip the victim apart, clipping off antennae and legs and slicing open their abdomens.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","ants","then","rip","the","victim","apart",",","clipping","off","antennae","and","legs","and","slicing","open","their","abdomens","."],"tags":[1,2,13,19,5,6,35,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To slow down the advance of the attackers, the defending mages squirt formic acid over the battlefield to chemically burn their targets.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":17,"token_start":15},{"end":134,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":103,"token_end":22,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["To","slow","down","the","advance","of","the","attackers",",","the","defending","mages","squirt","formic","acid","over","the","battlefield","to","chemically","burn","their","targets","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is soon answered in the same way by the attackers.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","is","soon","answered","in","the","same","way","by","the","attackers","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the chaotic battle, both parties lose countless fighters on the increasingly acidic battlefield.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","the","chaotic","battle",",","both","parties","lose","countless","fighters","on","the","increasingly","acidic","battlefield","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After a few minutes, the backup from the outposts arrive and the time window for a successful attack slowly closes.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["After","a","few","minutes",",","the","backup","from","the","outposts","arrive","and","the","time","window","for","a","successful","attack","slowly","closes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is when the battle turns.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","when","the","battle","turns","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"In the end, the attackers can't keep up and have to retreat.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","the","attackers","ca","n't","keep","up","and","have","to","retreat","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,37,31,32,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"For both parties, it was a costly battle.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["For","both","parties",",","it","was","a","costly","battle","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"The defending colonies' nests and brood are safe though.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","defending","colonies","'","nests","and","brood","are","safe","though","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,13,0]}
{"text":"The attackers' attempt to steal new, valuable territory has failed.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","attackers","'","attempt","to","steal","new",",","valuable","territory","has","failed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"For today, they'll try again soon.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["For","today",",","they","'ll","try","again","soon","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,0]}
{"text":"But the kingdom will be ready.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","the","kingdom","will","be","ready","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"For the high ants of the floating kingdoms, war is nothing special, it's just a fact of life.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["For","the","high","ants","of","the","floating","kingdoms",",","war","is","nothing","special",",","it","'s","just","a","fact","of","life","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Because as we know, empires never ever have enough.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Because","as","we","know",",","empires","never","ever","have","enough","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,13,14,19,5,0]}
{"text":"And the weaver ants are ready to fight.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","the","weaver","ants","are","ready","to","fight","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you're the same as us and love to learn things while watching fun videos, this is for you.","spans":[{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":84,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":20,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","the","same","as","us","and","love","to","learn","things","while","watching","fun","videos",",","this","is","for","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
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{"text":"By clicking the link in the inbox and using the code KURZGESAGT, you get 25% off your annual plan.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":71,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["By","clicking","the","link","in","the","inbox","and","using","the","code","KURZGESAGT",",","you","get","25","%","off","your","annual","plan","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"Stay antsy for part 4.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Stay","antsy","for","part","4","."],"tags":[21,11,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And visit curiositystream.com\/kurzgesagt to claim your discount.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","visit","curiositystream.com\/kurzgesagt","to","claim","your","discount","."],"tags":[0,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Thank you for watching.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","for","watching","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Some groups just don't get along.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Some","groups","just","do","n't","get","along","."],"tags":[1,2,13,15,37,31,32,0]}
{"text":"Every day, billions of soldiers fight a merciless war on thousands of fronts, and it's been going on for over 100 million years.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":81,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":82,"token_end":25,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Every","day",",","billions","of","soldiers","fight","a","merciless","war","on","thousands","of","fronts",",","and","it","'s","been","going","on","for","over","100","million","years","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Ants are ancient beings that arose around 160 million years ago","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Ants","are","ancient","beings","that","arose","around","160","million","years","ago"],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12]}
{"text":"Today, they count more than 16,000 different species, with over 10,000 trillion individuals.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Today",",","they","count","more","than","16,000","different","species",",","with","over","10,000","trillion","individuals","."],"tags":[0,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Collectively, ants alone make up 20% of the entire animal biomass on land.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Collectively",",","ants","alone","make","up","20","%","of","the","entire","animal","biomass","on","land","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Similar to humans, their recipe for success is collaboration.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Similar","to","humans",",","their","recipe","for","success","is","collaboration","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"While a single ant is pretty useless, together they are able to achieve stunning feats.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["While","a","single","ant","is","pretty","useless",",","together","they","are","able","to","achieve","stunning","feats","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,17,18,18,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"They construct complex colonies, care for livestock, pursue agriculture, or have complex symbiotic relationships.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["They","construct","complex","colonies",",","care","for","livestock",",","pursue","agriculture",",","or","have","complex","symbiotic","relationships","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And, of course, ants wage war.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And",",","of","course",",","ants","wage","war","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,0,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Even among the same species, a constant state of conflict is pretty common.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Even","among","the","same","species",",","a","constant","state","of","conflict","is","pretty","common","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Skirmishes, raids, and full-on invasions are happening every day, causing millions of casualties.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Skirmishes",",","raids",",","and","full","-","on","invasions","are","happening","every","day",",","causing","millions","of","casualties","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's look at some of the most interesting ones in a series of videos.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":69,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","look","at","some","of","the","most","interesting","ones","in","a","series","of","videos","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The army ant group consists of about 200 different species.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","army","ant","group","consists","of","about","200","different","species","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Army ants do not build nests.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Army","ants","do","not","build","nests","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,5,0]}
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{"text":"On a hunt, some species form large columns up to 100 meters long, killing and immediately dismembering every insect or small vertebrate they encounter.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":149,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":25,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["On","a","hunt",",","some","species","form","large","columns","up","to","100","meters","long",",","killing","and","immediately","dismembering","every","insect","or","small","vertebrate","they","encounter","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The biggest hunting parties can kill up to 500,000 animals per day.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","biggest","hunting","parties","can","kill","up","to","500,000","animals","per","day","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Some army ants specialize in hunting and consuming other social insects, like termites, wasps, and especially other ants.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Some","army","ants","specialize","in","hunting","and","consuming","other","social","insects",",","like","termites",",","wasps",",","and","especially","other","ants","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Wasps are fierce and may seem invulnerable, but if a swarm makes its way to their colonies, they don't even stand a chance.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":25,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Wasps","are","fierce","and","may","seem","invulnerable",",","but","if","a","swarm","makes","its","way","to","their","colonies",",","they","do","n't","even","stand","a","chance","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The much bigger and stronger wasps might kill a few of them, but they are quickly overwhelmed.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","much","bigger","and","stronger","wasps","might","kill","a","few","of","them",",","but","they","are","quickly","overwhelmed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Even if their queen survives an attack, the army ants steal the colony's larvae and quickly devour them.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":82,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":84,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Even","if","their","queen","survives","an","attack",",","the","army","ants","steal","the","colony","'s","larvae","and","quickly","devour","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0]}
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{"text":"Now, you might think this would be a more even battle, but it's not.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Now",",","you","might","think","this","would","be","a","more","even","battle",",","but","it","'s","not","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Because army ants act as a social unit, they are especially dangerous and effective.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Because","army","ants","act","as","a","social","unit",",","they","are","especially","dangerous","and","effective","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Most army ants are not particularly impressive individually, but they can overwhelm their victims with sheer numbers before the victim colony can mount an effective defense.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":172,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":26,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Most","army","ants","are","not","particularly","impressive","individually",",","but","they","can","overwhelm","their","victims","with","sheer","numbers","before","the","victim","colony","can","mount","an","effective","defense","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,37,11,12,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And so invasions tend to be won by the attackers, and the prey colony is damaged significantly or is exterminated.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","so","invasions","tend","to","be","won","by","the","attackers",",","and","the","prey","colony","is","damaged","significantly","or","is","exterminated","."],"tags":[0,13,1,19,33,34,34,34,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Interestingly, army ants don't fight army ants.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Interestingly",",","army","ants","do","n't","fight","army","ants","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,37,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Army ants that fought other army ants probably eradicated themselves millions of years ago.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Army","ants","that","fought","other","army","ants","probably","eradicated","themselves","millions","of","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,23,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Indeed, they're so deadly that other ant species had to specialize to survive their presence.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Indeed",",","they","'re","so","deadly","that","other","ant","species","had","to","specialize","to","survive","their","presence","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Many species just panic and evacuate their nest when they notice army ant scouts carrying as many larvae with them as they can in order to return and rebuild after the attack.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":173,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":31,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Many","species","just","panic","and","evacuate","their","nest","when","they","notice","army","ant","scouts","carrying","as","many","larvae","with","them","as","they","can","in","order","to","return","and","rebuild","after","the","attack","."],"tags":[1,2,13,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Other species have invented living bunkers since fighting is so futile.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Other","species","have","invented","living","bunkers","since","fighting","is","so","futile","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They have worker classes that have big square heads.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","have","worker","classes","that","have","big","square","heads","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"When army ants show up, they use them to block the entrances to their nests, so the attackers have to give up after a while.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":15,"token_start":9},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":26,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["When","army","ants","show","up",",","they","use","them","to","block","the","entrances","to","their","nests",",","so","the","attackers","have","to","give","up","after","a","while","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But not everybody is afraid of army ants.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","not","everybody","is","afraid","of","army","ants","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Leafcutter ants form some of the largest and most complex societies of any animal other than humans.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Leafcutter","ants","form","some","of","the","largest","and","most","complex","societies","of","any","animal","other","than","humans","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They live in extensive nests many meters deep and across, harboring millions of citizens with a highly sophisticated division of labor.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["They","live","in","extensive","nests","many","meters","deep","and","across",",","harboring","millions","of","citizens","with","a","highly","sophisticated","division","of","labor","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Their sole purpose might be to defend their colonies against army ants.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Their","sole","purpose","might","be","to","defend","their","colonies","against","army","ants","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They still have a nemesis, though.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","still","have","a","nemesis",",","though","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,0,13,0]}
{"text":"The diet of the army ant species Nomomyrmex azimbecii consists mostly of the larvae of other ants.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":97,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","diet","of","the","army","ant","species","Nomomyrmex","azimbecii","consists","mostly","of","the","larvae","of","other","ants","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,35,36,36,36,36,36,0]}
{"text":"Compared to other army ants, they have a more robust soldier caste.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Compared","to","other","army","ants",",","they","have","a","more","robust","soldier","caste","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"When they find a leafcutter colony, hundreds of thousands attack in a long column.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["When","they","find","a","leafcutter","colony",",","hundreds","of","thousands","attack","in","a","long","column","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The moment the leafcutter ants notice the army ant attack, they go into crisis mode and immediately alert their soldiers, who very quickly swarm to the site of attack.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":87,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":166,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":88,"token_end":30,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["The","moment","the","leafcutter","ants","notice","the","army","ant","attack",",","they","go","into","crisis","mode","and","immediately","alert","their","soldiers",",","who","very","quickly","swarm","to","the","site","of","attack","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The leafcutter soldiers go head to head with the army ants, lock in on them and try to cut through their heads.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","leafcutter","soldiers","go","head","to","head","with","the","army","ants",",","lock","in","on","them","and","try","to","cut","through","their","heads","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Smaller leafcutter workers help by grabbing the enemies.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Smaller","leafcutter","workers","help","by","grabbing","the","enemies","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Small teams carry out attacks behind the front line, where they dismember their enemies by ripping their legs from their bodies.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Small","teams","carry","out","attacks","behind","the","front","line",",","where","they","dismember","their","enemies","by","ripping","their","legs","from","their","bodies","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"Despite the powerful defense and the determined response, the army ants are still superior in numbers.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Despite","the","powerful","defense","and","the","determined","response",",","the","army","ants","are","still","superior","in","numbers","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So, without knowing if the battle can be won, the leafcutters prepare for the worst.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["So",",","without","knowing","if","the","battle","can","be","won",",","the","leafcutters","prepare","for","the","worst","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Workers rush to create barricades and seal off as many entrances to their nest as possible to secure their brood.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Workers","rush","to","create","barricades","and","seal","off","as","many","entrances","to","their","nest","as","possible","to","secure","their","brood","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If the leafcutters are not able to repel the invaders or at least barricade enough of their entrances in time, the army ants swarm the nest, overrunning all opposition.","spans":[{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":19,"token_start":0},{"end":123,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":111,"token_end":23,"token_start":21},{"end":129,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":125,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":138,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":131,"token_end":26,"token_start":25},{"end":166,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":141,"token_end":30,"token_start":28}],"tokens":["If","the","leafcutters","are","not","able","to","repel","the","invaders","or","at","least","barricade","enough","of","their","entrances","in","time",",","the","army","ants","swarm","the","nest",",","overrunning","all","opposition","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,19,5,6,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They penetrate deep into the hidden chambers and steal tens of thousands of the leafcutters' brood to eat them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["They","penetrate","deep","into","the","hidden","chambers","and","steal","tens","of","thousands","of","the","leafcutters","'","brood","to","eat","them","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Even if the leafcutter colony survives, this is a heavy blow.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Even","if","the","leafcutter","colony","survives",",","this","is","a","heavy","blow","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"When the army ants attack, death follows them.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["When","the","army","ants","attack",",","death","follows","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,0]}
{"text":"But there are other species that form much more dangerous ant armies.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","are","other","species","that","form","much","more","dangerous","ant","armies","."],"tags":[0,3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"They deserve their own video, though.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","deserve","their","own","video",",","though","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,0,13,0]}
{"text":", war is a part of ant existence, be it between huge colonies or small groups trying to fend off a raid.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":[",","war","is","a","part","of","ant","existence",",","be","it","between","huge","colonies","or","small","groups","trying","to","fend","off","a","raid","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In tropical rainforests, but also in the cracks of the concrete we walk over every day.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":76,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["In","tropical","rainforests",",","but","also","in","the","cracks","of","the","concrete","we","walk","over","every","day","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,1,19,35,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Humans have decided that war is not a thing that they want to do a lot anymore.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Humans","have","decided","that","war","is","not","a","thing","that","they","want","to","do","a","lot","anymore","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For ants, though, the other ant will always be the enemy.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["For","ants",",","though",",","the","other","ant","will","always","be","the","enemy","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,0,1,2,2,15,13,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"No, some groups just don't get along.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["No",",","some","groups","just","do","n't","get","along","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,13,15,37,31,32,0]}
{"text":"If you can't get enough of ants, we're developing part two of the ant series right now with the support of CuriosityStream.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":17,"token_start":12},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":19,"token_start":18},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":24,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","you","ca","n't","get","enough","of","ants",",","we","'re","developing","part","two","of","the","ant","series","right","now","with","the","support","of","CuriosityStream","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"It's a great way to binge watch fun videos while accidentally learning things.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","great","way","to","binge","watch","fun","videos","while","accidentally","learning","things","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so much to our friends at CuriosityStream for supporting our ant's obsession and making ambitious projects like this possible.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":134,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","to","our","friends","at","CuriosityStream","for","supporting","our","ant","'s","obsession","and","making","ambitious","projects","like","this","possible","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Stay tuned for part two and visit curiositystream.com\/kurzgesagt for your free trial.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Stay","tuned","for","part","two","and","visit","curiositystream.com\/kurzgesagt","for","your","free","trial","."],"tags":[21,11,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Hidden in the microverse all around you, there's a merciless war being fought by the true rulers of this planet, microorganisms.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":126,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":23,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Hidden","in","the","microverse","all","around","you",",","there","'s","a","merciless","war","being","fought","by","the","true","rulers","of","this","planet",",","microorganisms","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Amoebae, protists, bacteria, archaea and fungi compete for resources and space.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Amoebae",",","protists",",","bacteria",",","archaea","and","fungi","compete","for","resources","and","space","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And then there are the strange horrors that are viruses, hunting everyone else.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","then","there","are","the","strange","horrors","that","are","viruses",",","hunting","everyone","else","."],"tags":[0,13,3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Not even alive, they are the tiniest, most abundant and deadliest beings on Earth, killing trillions every day.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":15,"token_start":6},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":20,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Not","even","alive",",","they","are","the","tiniest",",","most","abundant","and","deadliest","beings","on","Earth",",","killing","trillions","every","day","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Or so we thought.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Or","so","we","thought","."],"tags":[0,13,1,23,0]}
{"text":"Considerably smaller than your cells or even bacteria, viruses are nothing but a hull, a tiny bit of genetic material and a few proteins.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":135,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":25,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Considerably","smaller","than","your","cells","or","even","bacteria",",","viruses","are","nothing","but","a","hull",",","a","tiny","bit","of","genetic","material","and","a","few","proteins","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They float around aimlessly and hope to stumble upon a victim to infect and take over.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["They","float","around","aimlessly","and","hope","to","stumble","upon","a","victim","to","infect","and","take","over","."],"tags":[1,19,13,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Viruses are so simple that we're not sure if they should count as living things or not.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Viruses","are","so","simple","that","we","'re","not","sure","if","they","should","count","as","living","things","or","not","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Some scientists argue viruses are alive.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","scientists","argue","viruses","are","alive","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Others think that the cells they infect are the actual living viruses, hybrid organisms called virocells.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Others","think","that","the","cells","they","infect","are","the","actual","living","viruses",",","hybrid","organisms","called","virocells","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And the viral particles are more like seeds or spores.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","the","viral","particles","are","more","like","seeds","or","spores","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And many others think viruses are just dead material.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","many","others","think","viruses","are","just","dead","material","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The origin of viruses is a mystery because how can something that needs victims to make more of itself emerge in the first place?","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":23,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","origin","of","viruses","is","a","mystery","because","how","can","something","that","needs","victims","to","make","more","of","itself","emerge","in","the","first","place","?"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There are many ideas.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","many","ideas","."],"tags":[3,19,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Viruses may have been essential steps in the emergence of life, or maybe they started out as escaped DNA from cells that became really good at making copies of themselves.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":170,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":30,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Viruses","may","have","been","essential","steps","in","the","emergence","of","life",",","or","maybe","they","started","out","as","escaped","DNA","from","cells","that","became","really","good","at","making","copies","of","themselves","."],"tags":[1,15,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Maybe they are the descendants of truly lazy parasites that let others do all the work for them.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Maybe","they","are","the","descendants","of","truly","lazy","parasites","that","let","others","do","all","the","work","for","them","."],"tags":[13,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The current thinking is that viruses probably emerged multiple times from different origins, but we simply don't know for sure yet.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":12,"token_start":4},{"end":96,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":93,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":97,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","current","thinking","is","that","viruses","probably","emerged","multiple","times","from","different","origins",",","but","we","simply","do","n't","know","for","sure","yet","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Whatever the truth is, viruses are the most successful beings on this planet.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Whatever","the","truth","is",",","viruses","are","the","most","successful","beings","on","this","planet","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There's an estimated 10,000 billion billion billion viruses on Earth.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["There","'s","an","estimated","10,000","billion","billion","billion","viruses","on","Earth","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If we put them all next to each other, they would stretch for 100 million light years, 500 Milky Way galaxies wide.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","we","put","them","all","next","to","each","other",",","they","would","stretch","for","100","million","light","years",",","500","Milky","Way","galaxies","wide","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Very recently, viruses became even weirder when scientists found a completely new type.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Very","recently",",","viruses","became","even","weirder","when","scientists","found","a","completely","new","type","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Not only did it break all sorts of records, but questioned many assumptions we had about their nature.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Not","only","did","it","break","all","sorts","of","records",",","but","questioned","many","assumptions","we","had","about","their","nature","."],"tags":[0,0,15,1,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Gyruses even come with their own parasites, virophages.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Gyruses","even","come","with","their","own","parasites",",","virophages","."],"tags":[1,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And since we identified the first one in 2003, it seems like these giants are everywhere we look.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":96,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","since","we","identified","the","first","one","in","2003",",","it","seems","like","these","giants","are","everywhere","we","look","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And they're even weirder than we thought.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","they","'re","even","weirder","than","we","thought","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Gyruses look funny, like hairy geometric forms or mini pickles.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Gyruses","look","funny",",","like","hairy","geometric","forms","or","mini","pickles","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Scientists saw them under their microscopes and just thought they had to be bacteria.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Scientists","saw","them","under","their","microscopes","and","just","thought","they","had","to","be","bacteria","."],"tags":[1,23,5,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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{"text":"Most gyruses we've found so far hunt amoebae and other single-celled beings.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Most","gyruses","we","'ve","found","so","far","hunt","amoebae","and","other","single","-","celled","beings","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"When they find a victim, they connect with it and use its natural processes to enter the cell.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["When","they","find","a","victim",",","they","connect","with","it","and","use","its","natural","processes","to","enter","the","cell","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Like all viruses, their goal is to misappropriate the victim's infrastructure and procreate.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Like","all","viruses",",","their","goal","is","to","misappropriate","the","victim","'s","infrastructure","and","procreate","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Imagine a mouse crawling into your mouth and using your guts and bones and fat tissue to build a mouse factory.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":110,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Imagine","a","mouse","crawling","into","your","mouth","and","using","your","guts","and","bones","and","fat","tissue","to","build","a","mouse","factory","."],"tags":[19,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The gyrus unloads its attack proteins and genetic material and rearranges the cell from the inside.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","gyrus","unloads","its","attack","proteins","and","genetic","material","and","rearranges","the","cell","from","the","inside","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Its structural elements, protein production machinery, and large amounts of mitochondria for energy are changed to become an actual factory called viroplasm.","spans":[{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":102,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":100,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":110,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":104,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Its","structural","elements",",","protein","production","machinery",",","and","large","amounts","of","mitochondria","for","energy","are","changed","to","become","an","actual","factory","called","viroplasm","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Some gyruses even construct a membrane to shield them from the cell's antiviral defenses.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Some","gyruses","even","construct","a","membrane","to","shield","them","from","the","cell","'s","antiviral","defenses","."],"tags":[1,2,13,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Once finished, the viroplasm begins to assemble new gyruses, using the victim up from the inside until it's filled up.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Once","finished",",","the","viroplasm","begins","to","assemble","new","gyruses",",","using","the","victim","up","from","the","inside","until","it","'s","filled","up","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Finally, the invader usually orders the cell to self-destruct and releases new gyruses to look for new prey.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Finally",",","the","invader","usually","orders","the","cell","to","self","-","destruct","and","releases","new","gyruses","to","look","for","new","prey","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,13,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But what makes gyruses special is not their modus operandi or their size even.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","what","makes","gyruses","special","is","not","their","modus","operandi","or","their","size","even","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's that they are much more complex than thought possible for a virus.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","that","they","are","much","more","complex","than","thought","possible","for","a","virus","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Your cells have around 20,000 genes.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Your","cells","have","around","20,000","genes","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A typical bacterium has a few thousand genes.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","typical","bacterium","has","a","few","thousand","genes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The coronavirus has around 15, HIV or the flu around 10.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","coronavirus","has","around","15",",","HIV","or","the","flu","around","10","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The number of genes alone is certainly not everything.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","number","of","genes","alone","is","certainly","not","everything","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,13,37,11,0]}
{"text":"The tomato, for example, has 35,000 genes.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","tomato",",","for","example",",","has","35,000","genes","."],"tags":[1,2,0,13,14,0,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"But generally, we think of life as a complex system.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","generally",",","we","think","of","life","as","a","complex","system","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,31,32,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So below a certain complexity level, something may be closer to dead material rather than a living organism.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","below","a","certain","complexity","level",",","something","may","be","closer","to","dead","material","rather","than","a","living","organism","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But gyruses can have hundreds or even thousands of genes, blurring the line between living and dead things.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","gyruses","can","have","hundreds","or","even","thousands","of","genes",",","blurring","the","line","between","living","and","dead","things","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And it's not just the numbers that are special, but also what these genes do.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["And","it","'s","not","just","the","numbers","that","are","special",",","but","also","what","these","genes","do","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,13,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We used to think of viral genes as the simplest of instructions, just enough to overcome the defense of their victims and make new viruses.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":138,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":25,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","used","to","think","of","viral","genes","as","the","simplest","of","instructions",",","just","enough","to","overcome","the","defense","of","their","victims","and","make","new","viruses","."],"tags":[1,17,18,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Genes that regulate nutrient intake, energy production, light harvesting, replication or are just necessary to keep cells alive.","spans":[{"end":85,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":92,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":127,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Genes","that","regulate","nutrient","intake",",","energy","production",",","light","harvesting",",","replication","or","are","just","necessary","to","keep","cells","alive","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Some recent studies have even suggested that some gyruses with very complex genomes may be able to maintain a basic level of metabolism on their own.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":148,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":25,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Some","recent","studies","have","even","suggested","that","some","gyruses","with","very","complex","genomes","may","be","able","to","maintain","a","basic","level","of","metabolism","on","their","own","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We still don't know anything for sure, but one idea about gyrus genes is that they might fundamentally alter the physiology and evolution of their victims.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":154,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":27,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","still","do","n't","know","anything","for","sure",",","but","one","idea","about","gyrus","genes","is","that","they","might","fundamentally","alter","the","physiology","and","evolution","of","their","victims","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,19,5,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Or the other way around, take some host genes with them and be changed themselves.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Or","the","other","way","around",",","take","some","host","genes","with","them","and","be","changed","themselves","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,19,5,6,6,13,14,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"For billions of years, gyruses may have been existing alongside and infecting cells, exerting an unseen influence on the development of life.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u4ecb\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":139,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["For","billions","of","years",",","gyruses","may","have","been","existing","alongside","and","infecting","cells",",","exerting","an","unseen","influence","on","the","development","of","life","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,15,27,0,0,0,0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The concept itself is a bit mind-boggling.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","concept","itself","is","a","bit","mind","-","boggling","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"How can a thing that might be dead hunt another thing that might be dead too?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["How","can","a","thing","that","might","be","dead","hunt","another","thing","that","might","be","dead","too","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's look at one of them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","look","at","one","of","them","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The virophage Sputnik is hunting a gyrus called Mammavirus that itself is hunting Amoebae.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","virophage","Sputnik","is","hunting","a","gyrus","called","Mammavirus","that","itself","is","hunting","Amoebae","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Sputnik is a tiny minimalistic virus that doesn't even have the genes and tools to replicate itself.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Sputnik","is","a","tiny","minimalistic","virus","that","does","n't","even","have","the","genes","and","tools","to","replicate","itself","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"What it does have is the ability to hijack the viroplasm factories of Mammaviruses.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["What","it","does","have","is","the","ability","to","hijack","the","viroplasm","factories","of","Mammaviruses","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So virophages need their victim, the gyrus, to infect their victim, an amoeba, first and then they can parasitize it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":15,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":88,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":89,"token_end":23,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["So","virophages","need","their","victim",",","the","gyrus",",","to","infect","their","victim",",","an","amoeba",",","first","and","then","they","can","parasitize","it","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A Mammavirus viroplasm infected by Sputnik can only produce very few new gyruses and among these, many are deformed and broken, unable to infect further cells.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":84,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":158,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":85,"token_end":27,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["A","Mammavirus","viroplasm","infected","by","Sputnik","can","only","produce","very","few","new","gyruses","and","among","these",",","many","are","deformed","and","broken",",","unable","to","infect","further","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Instead, it makes loads of new Sputnik virophages.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Instead",",","it","makes","loads","of","new","Sputnik","virophages","."],"tags":[13,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Other virophages are even more subtle.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Other","virophages","are","even","more","subtle","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"When they infect a viroplasm, they just integrate their genetic code into the newly produced gyruses like sleeper agents.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["When","they","infect","a","viroplasm",",","they","just","integrate","their","genetic","code","into","the","newly","produced","gyruses","like","sleeper","agents","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The next time one of these infiltrated gyruses successfully infects a cell, it produces mostly virophages instead of gyruses.","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["The","next","time","one","of","these","infiltrated","gyruses","successfully","infects","a","cell",",","it","produces","mostly","virophages","instead","of","gyruses","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,13,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Gyruses are not completely defenseless though.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Gyruses","are","not","completely","defenseless","though","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,13,0]}
{"text":"A few years ago, the world was in awe when scientists discovered CRISPR, a bacteria defense system against viruses.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["A","few","years","ago",",","the","world","was","in","awe","when","scientists","discovered","CRISPR",",","a","bacteria","defense","system","against","viruses","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It turns out some gyruses have a system that might be similar, a sort of gyrus immune system against virophages.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","turns","out","some","gyruses","have","a","system","that","might","be","similar",",","a","sort","of","gyrus","immune","system","against","virophages","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In turn, virophages can also be used as an anti-gyrus defense mechanism by living cells.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":14,"token_start":8},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["In","turn",",","virophages","can","also","be","used","as","an","anti","-","gyrus","defense","mechanism","by","living","cells","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Some protists have been found that integrated the genetic code of virophages into their genome and kept it.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Some","protists","have","been","found","that","integrated","the","genetic","code","of","virophages","into","their","genome","and","kept","it","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"When the protists were infected by gyruses, they used the code to create virophages themselves to take over the gyrus factories.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["When","the","protists","were","infected","by","gyruses",",","they","used","the","code","to","create","virophages","themselves","to","take","over","the","gyrus","factories","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the end, the protist would still be killed by the gyrus infection, but instead of releasing gyruses to kill its buddies, it released virophages to hunt them.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":159,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":30,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","the","protist","would","still","be","killed","by","the","gyrus","infection",",","but","instead","of","releasing","gyruses","to","kill","its","buddies",",","it","released","virophages","to","hunt","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The amazing thing about everything we've told you in this video is that we're still very much at the beginning.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":109,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","amazing","thing","about","everything","we","'ve","told","you","in","this","video","is","that","we","'re","still","very","much","at","the","beginning","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's not even been 20 years since the discovery of gyruses and virophages.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","even","been","20","years","since","the","discovery","of","gyruses","and","virophages","."],"tags":[3,15,37,13,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"There is so much going on in the microverse.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","so","much","going","on","in","the","microverse","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Life is not an isolated event, but a ping-pong game of trillions of organisms and viruses.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Life","is","not","an","isolated","event",",","but","a","ping","-","pong","game","of","trillions","of","organisms","and","viruses","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So when you feel down and like there's not that much new to discover, think of gyruses and all the other elephant-sized ducks all around us.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":14,"token_start":1},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":139,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":29,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["So","when","you","feel","down","and","like","there","'s","not","that","much","new","to","discover",",","think","of","gyruses","and","all","the","other","elephant","-","sized","ducks","all","around","us","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But how do you learn to look at the world like a scientist?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","how","do","you","learn","to","look","at","the","world","like","a","scientist","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"Learning something will happen almost without you noticing it.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Learning","something","will","happen","almost","without","you","noticing","it","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"To start looking at the world of science from a different perspective, go to brilliant.org\/nutshell and sign up for free.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":103,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":100,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":104,"token_end":20,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["To","start","looking","at","the","world","of","science","from","a","different","perspective",",","go","to","brilliant.org\/nutshell","and","sign","up","for","free","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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{"text":"At Kurzgesagt, we love to get to the bottom of things.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["At","Kurzgesagt",",","we","love","to","get","to","the","bottom","of","things","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Brilliant can help you go on that deep dive.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Brilliant","can","help","you","go","on","that","deep","dive","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"One day the universe will die, but why and how?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["One","day","the","universe","will","die",",","but","why","and","how","?"],"tags":[13,14,1,2,15,19,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And will the universe be dead forever?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","will","the","universe","be","dead","forever","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,2,21,11,13,0]}
{"text":"And how do we know that?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","how","do","we","know","that","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"First of all, the universe is expanding.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["First","of","all",",","the","universe","is","expanding","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,27,0]}
{"text":"And not only that, the rate of its expansion is accelerating.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","not","only","that",",","the","rate","of","its","expansion","is","accelerating","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,27,0]}
{"text":"Dark energy is a strange phenomenon that scientists believe permeates the universe.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Dark","energy","is","a","strange","phenomenon","that","scientists","believe","permeates","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Until 1998, we thought that the universe must work a bit like a ball that you throw into the sky.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Until","1998",",","we","thought","that","the","universe","must","work","a","bit","like","a","ball","that","you","throw","into","the","sky","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The ball moves up, but at some point it has to come down again.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","ball","moves","up",",","but","at","some","point","it","has","to","come","down","again","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But the expansion of the universe is actually speeding up.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","the","expansion","of","the","universe","is","actually","speeding","up","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,15,13,31,32,0]}
{"text":"That's like throwing a ball up and watching it fly away faster and faster and faster.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","like","throwing","a","ball","up","and","watching","it","fly","away","faster","and","faster","and","faster","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Where is this acceleration coming from?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Where","is","this","acceleration","coming","from","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,2,31,32,0]}
{"text":"Well, we don't know, but we call it dark energy.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Well",",","we","do","n't","know",",","but","we","call","it","dark","energy","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,37,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Einstein thought of it first and then decided it was stupid.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Einstein","thought","of","it","first","and","then","decided","it","was","stupid","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Now astrophysicists have decided it is plausible.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Now","astrophysicists","have","decided","it","is","plausible","."],"tags":[13,1,15,29,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Trouble is, this is all very theoretical, and we don't actually know what the properties of dark energy are.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":21,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Trouble","is",",","this","is","all","very","theoretical",",","and","we","do","n't","actually","know","what","the","properties","of","dark","energy","are","."],"tags":[1,21,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But there are various theories, and they lead us to three scenarios for the end of the universe.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","there","are","various","theories",",","and","they","lead","us","to","three","scenarios","for","the","end","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[0,3,19,1,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Since its birth, the universe has been expanding.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Since","its","birth",",","the","universe","has","been","expanding","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,15,27,0]}
{"text":"For unknown reasons, new space is created everywhere equally.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["For","unknown","reasons",",","new","space","is","created","everywhere","equally","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,13,0]}
{"text":"The space between galaxies expands, so they move apart.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","space","between","galaxies","expands",",","so","they","move","apart","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The space inside galaxies also expands, but here gravity is strong enough to keep them together.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","space","inside","galaxies","also","expands",",","but","here","gravity","is","strong","enough","to","keep","them","together","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,13,25,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In the Big Rip scenario, the expansion accelerates up to a point where space expands so fast that gravity can't compensate for this effect anymore.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":26,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","the","Big","Rip","scenario",",","the","expansion","accelerates","up","to","a","point","where","space","expands","so","fast","that","gravity","ca","n't","compensate","for","this","effect","anymore","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The result is a Big Rip.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","result","is","a","Big","Rip","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"At first, only large structures like galaxies are torn apart, since space between the single objects expands very fast.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["At","first",",","only","large","structures","like","galaxies","are","torn","apart",",","since","space","between","the","single","objects","expands","very","fast","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,29,35,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Next, big bodies like black holes, stars, and planets die.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Next",",","big","bodies","like","black","holes",",","stars",",","and","planets","die","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,0]}
{"text":"Their gravity isn't strong enough to keep them together, so they dissolve into their components.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Their","gravity","is","n't","strong","enough","to","keep","them","together",",","so","they","dissolve","into","their","components","."],"tags":[1,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the end, space would expand faster than the speed of light.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","space","would","expand","faster","than","the","speed","of","light","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Atoms would now be affected, and they would just disband.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Atoms","would","now","be","affected",",","and","they","would","just","disband","."],"tags":[1,15,13,15,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Once space is expanding faster than light, no particle in the universe can interact with any other particle anymore.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":75,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":18,"token_start":15},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":108,"token_end":19,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Once","space","is","expanding","faster","than","light",",","no","particle","in","the","universe","can","interact","with","any","other","particle","anymore","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,13,0]}
{"text":"The universe would dissolve into countless lonely particles that won't be able to touch anything else in a strange, timeless universe.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","universe","would","dissolve","into","countless","lonely","particles","that","wo","n't","be","able","to","touch","anything","else","in","a","strange",",","timeless","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Hmm, and you thought you felt lonely.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Hmm",",","and","you","thought","you","felt","lonely","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,23,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"matter stays intact and is converted over an incredibly long but finite period of time into radiation while the universe expands forever.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":135,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["matter","stays","intact","and","is","converted","over","an","incredibly","long","but","finite","period","of","time","into","radiation","while","the","universe","expands","forever","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But how does this work?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","how","does","this","work","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"Let's talk about entropy.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","talk","about","entropy","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Every system tends towards the state of highest entropy, like when we have a latte macchiato.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Every","system","tends","towards","the","state","of","highest","entropy",",","like","when","we","have","a","latte","macchiato","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Initially, it has different regions, but over time they will cool down and disintegrate until it's uniform.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Initially",",","it","has","different","regions",",","but","over","time","they","will","cool","down","and","disintegrate","until","it","'s","uniform","."],"tags":[13,0,1,25,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And this also applies to the universe.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","this","also","applies","to","the","universe","."],"tags":[0,1,13,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So while the universe gets bigger and bigger, matter slowly decays and spreads out.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","while","the","universe","gets","bigger","and","bigger",",","matter","slowly","decays","and","spreads","out","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,25,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"At some point, after lots of generations of stars, all the gas clouds necessary to form stars will be exhausted, so the universe will turn dark.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":93,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":18,"token_start":11},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":94,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":101,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":99,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":111,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":115,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":113,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":143,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":116,"token_end":28,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["At","some","point",",","after","lots","of","generations","of","stars",",","all","the","gas","clouds","necessary","to","form","stars","will","be","exhausted",",","so","the","universe","will","turn","dark","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The remaining suns will die.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","remaining","suns","will","die","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"Black holes will slowly degenerate and evaporate over trillions of years due to what's known as Hawking radiation.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":112,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Black","holes","will","slowly","degenerate","and","evaporate","over","trillions","of","years","due","to","what","'s","known","as","Hawking","radiation","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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{"text":"All activity in the universe ceases at this point.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["All","activity","in","the","universe","ceases","at","this","point","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Entropy is at its maximum, and the universe is dead forever.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Entropy","is","at","its","maximum",",","and","the","universe","is","dead","forever","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Unless, theoretically, it might be possible that after an incredibly long amount of time,","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Unless",",","theoretically",",","it","might","be","possible","that","after","an","incredibly","long","amount","of","time",","],"tags":[0,0,13,0,1,15,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"there might be a spontaneous entropy decrease as a result of something called quantum tunneling leading to a new Big Bang.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["there","might","be","a","spontaneous","entropy","decrease","as","a","result","of","something","called","quantum","tunneling","leading","to","a","new","Big","Bang","."],"tags":[3,15,19,1,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is the most uplifting scenario.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","the","most","uplifting","scenario","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If there is less dark energy than we think, or it decreases over time, gravity will be the dominating force in the universe one day.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":85,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":122,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":24,"token_start":19},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":124,"token_end":26,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["If","there","is","less","dark","energy","than","we","think",",","or","it","decreases","over","time",",","gravity","will","be","the","dominating","force","in","the","universe","one","day","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"In a few trillion years, the rate of expansion of the universe will slow down and stop.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":81,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":82,"token_end":17,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["In","a","few","trillion","years",",","the","rate","of","expansion","of","the","universe","will","slow","down","and","stop","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,31,32,0,19,0]}
{"text":"After that, it reverses.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["After","that",",","it","reverses","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,25,0]}
{"text":"Galaxies will race at each other, merging as the universe becomes smaller and smaller.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Galaxies","will","race","at","each","other",",","merging","as","the","universe","becomes","smaller","and","smaller","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Since a smaller universe also means a hotter universe, temperatures rise everywhere all at once.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Since","a","smaller","universe","also","means","a","hotter","universe",",","temperatures","rise","everywhere","all","at","once","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"100,000 years before the Big Crunch, background radiation would be hotter than the surfaces of most stars, which means that they would be cooked from the outside.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["100,000","years","before","the","Big","Crunch",",","background","radiation","would","be","hotter","than","the","surfaces","of","most","stars",",","which","means","that","they","would","be","cooked","from","the","outside","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Minutes before the Big Crunch happens, atom cores are ripped apart before supermassive black holes devour everything.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Minutes","before","the","Big","Crunch","happens",",","atom","cores","are","ripped","apart","before","supermassive","black","holes","devour","everything","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Finally, all black holes would merge into a supermassive mega black hole that contains the entire mass of the universe.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Finally",",","all","black","holes","would","merge","into","a","supermassive","mega","black","hole","that","contains","the","entire","mass","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And in the last moment before the Big Crunch, it would devour the universe, including itself.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["And","in","the","last","moment","before","the","Big","Crunch",",","it","would","devour","the","universe",",","including","itself","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The Big Bounce theory states that this has happened a lot of times, and that the universe goes through an infinite cycle of expansion and contraction.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":149,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":26,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","Big","Bounce","theory","states","that","this","has","happened","a","lot","of","times",",","and","that","the","universe","goes","through","an","infinite","cycle","of","expansion","and","contraction","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Well, wouldn't that be nice?","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Well",",","would","n't","that","be","nice","?"],"tags":[0,0,15,37,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"So what will actually happen to the universe in the end?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","what","will","actually","happen","to","the","universe","in","the","end","?"],"tags":[13,1,15,13,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At the moment, heat death seems the most likely, but we at Kurzgesagt hope that this dead forever stuff is wrong and the universe will start over and over again.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":160,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":31,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["At","the","moment",",","heat","death","seems","the","most","likely",",","but","we","at","Kurzgesagt","hope","that","this","dead","forever","stuff","is","wrong","and","the","universe","will","start","over","and","over","again","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We don't know for sure either way, so let's just assume the most uplifting theory is true.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","for","sure","either","way",",","so","let","'s","just","assume","the","most","uplifting","theory","is","true","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,14,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"By the way, we have a Twitter account.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["By","the","way",",","we","have","a","Twitter","account","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Time makes sense in small pieces, but when you look at huge stretches of time, it's almost impossible to wrap your head around things.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":133,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":26,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Time","makes","sense","in","small","pieces",",","but","when","you","look","at","huge","stretches","of","time",",","it","'s","almost","impossible","to","wrap","your","head","around","things","."],"tags":[1,31,32,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So let's start small, with minutes, hours, days.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","let","'s","start","small",",","with","minutes",",","hours",",","days","."],"tags":[13,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"You probably spent the last 24 hours mostly sleeping and working, and you probably wasted a good chunk of yesterday on the internet.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["You","probably","spent","the","last","24","hours","mostly","sleeping","and","working",",","and","you","probably","wasted","a","good","chunk","of","yesterday","on","the","internet","."],"tags":[1,13,23,5,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Days become weeks, weeks become months, and then we have a year.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":63,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Days","become","weeks",",","weeks","become","months",",","and","then","we","have","a","year","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,41,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Let's look at 2017.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","look","at","2017","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"France started to train eagles to hunt terrorist drones, a Czech nuclear power plant held a bikini contest to pick their new intern,","spans":[{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":85,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":18,"token_start":16},{"end":131,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":23,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["France","started","to","train","eagles","to","hunt","terrorist","drones",",","a","Czech","nuclear","power","plant","held","a","bikini","contest","to","pick","their","new","intern",","],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"and people on the internet made a challenge out of eating bleach.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["and","people","on","the","internet","made","a","challenge","out","of","eating","bleach","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's go back further.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","go","back","further","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"A kid born in the first year of the 21st century is 18 years old now.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["A","kid","born","in","the","first","year","of","the","21st","century","is","18","years","old","now","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,13,0]}
{"text":"The century is still young, even if you're not.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","century","is","still","young",",","even","if","you","'re","not","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It was largely shaped by the attacks on 9-11, which led to the war in Afghanistan and the invasion of Iraq.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","was","largely","shaped","by","the","attacks","on","9","-","11",",","which","led","to","the","war","in","Afghanistan","and","the","invasion","of","Iraq","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In March 2011, the Syrian civil war began and is still ongoing after 7 years.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","March","2011",",","the","Syrian","civil","war","began","and","is","still","ongoing","after","7","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,23,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Most of us were born in the 20th century, which had the two most devastating wars in human history and the Cold War.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":23,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Most","of","us","were","born","in","the","20th","century",",","which","had","the","two","most","devastating","wars","in","human","history","and","the","Cold","War","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For the first time ever, we could destroy ourselves with nuclear weapons, and we almost did, but we also had a space race and left Earth for the first time.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":15},{"end":155,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":97,"token_end":32,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["For","the","first","time","ever",",","we","could","destroy","ourselves","with","nuclear","weapons",",","and","we","almost","did",",","but","we","also","had","a","space","race","and","left","Earth","for","the","first","time","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The internet was also invented, which led to memes, but also to Facebook and Twitter, so all in all, we're not sure if this was a good development.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":146,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":89,"token_end":32,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["The","internet","was","also","invented",",","which","led","to","memes",",","but","also","to","Facebook","and","Twitter",",","so","all","in","all",",","we","'re","not","sure","if","this","was","a","good","development","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,29,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The average human lives about 79 years, which covers a good chunk of recent history.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","average","human","lives","about","79","years",",","which","covers","a","good","chunk","of","recent","history","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The oldest living person on Earth is currently Salino Jaramillo, who was born in 1896, which means that his birth was closer to Napoleon ruling Europe than to the current day.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","oldest","living","person","on","Earth","is","currently","Salino","Jaramillo",",","who","was","born","in","1896",",","which","means","that","his","birth","was","closer","to","Napoleon","ruling","Europe","than","to","the","current","day","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Only 250 years ago, the Industrial Revolution turned the world into a progress machine.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Only","250","years","ago",",","the","Industrial","Revolution","turned","the","world","into","a","progress","machine","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Farmers became workers and knowledge became easier to distribute.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Farmers","became","workers","and","knowledge","became","easier","to","distribute","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Around this time, we started the progress that is causing climate change today.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Around","this","time",",","we","started","the","progress","that","is","causing","climate","change","today","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,0]}
{"text":"The theory of evolution changed how we saw ourselves and the world we live in.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","theory","of","evolution","changed","how","we","saw","ourselves","and","the","world","we","live","in","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Newton wrote down his theory of gravity.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Newton","wrote","down","his","theory","of","gravity","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We discovered distant stars and very close bacteria.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","discovered","distant","stars","and","very","close","bacteria","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The 15th century was very eventful.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","15th","century","was","very","eventful","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Columbus' discovery of America and the fall of Constantinople marked the end of the Middle Ages.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":62,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Columbus","'","discovery","of","America","and","the","fall","of","Constantinople","marked","the","end","of","the","Middle","Ages","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"War was all the rage in the Middle Ages, but the number one killer was disease.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["War","was","all","the","rage","in","the","Middle","Ages",",","but","the","number","one","killer","was","disease","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The Black Plague killed every third European in just six years.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","Black","Plague","killed","every","third","European","in","just","six","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Around 2,000 years ago, we set the arbitrary year one of our calendar that most of the world follows today.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Around","2,000","years","ago",",","we","set","the","arbitrary","year","one","of","our","calendar","that","most","of","the","world","follows","today","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But to a Roman, the world was already ancient.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","to","a","Roman",",","the","world","was","already","ancient","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"The Great Pyramids were constructed 4,500 years ago.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","Great","Pyramids","were","constructed","4,500","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, to a Roman, the pyramids were older than the Romans are to us today.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So",",","to","a","Roman",",","the","pyramids","were","older","than","the","Romans","are","to","us","today","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A lot of history happened before that even.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","lot","of","history","happened","before","that","even","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,13,14,13,0]}
{"text":"Around 7,000 years ago, humans began writing things down.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Around","7,000","years","ago",",","humans","began","writing","things","down","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"About 12,000 years ago, human organization exploded.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["About","12,000","years","ago",",","human","organization","exploded","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,0]}
{"text":"We built our first temple and around the world, mankind began farming, which enabled the rise of larger communities.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":115,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","built","our","first","temple","and","around","the","world",",","mankind","began","farming",",","which","enabled","the","rise","of","larger","communities","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Our dominance over planet Earth really begins here.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Our","dominance","over","planet","Earth","really","begins","here","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,13,25,13,0]}
{"text":"Homo sapiens sapiens, the modern human, evolved at least 200,000 years ago.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Homo","sapiens","sapiens",",","the","modern","human",",","evolved","at","least","200,000","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,2,2,0,39,40,40,0,23,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"50,000 years ago, the cognitive revolution expanded our minds and innovation.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["50,000","years","ago",",","the","cognitive","revolution","expanded","our","minds","and","innovation","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Back then, we shared Earth with at least five other human species that either died out or were killed by us.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":21,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Back","then",",","we","shared","Earth","with","at","least","five","other","human","species","that","either","died","out","or","were","killed","by","us","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,23,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At least 2 million years ago, our ancestors already had control over fire and constructed tools from wood and stone.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":115,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["At","least","2","million","years","ago",",","our","ancestors","already","had","control","over","fire","and","constructed","tools","from","wood","and","stone","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,13,23,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And 6 million years ago, the last common ancestors of chimpanzees and humans existed.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["And","6","million","years","ago",",","the","last","common","ancestors","of","chimpanzees","and","humans","existed","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,0]}
{"text":"So this graph is all of human history.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","this","graph","is","all","of","human","history","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Our close relative, Homo erectus, survived 10 times longer than we have existed.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Our","close","relative",",","Homo","erectus",",","survived","10","times","longer","than","we","have","existed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,0,39,40,0,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This tiny part is the human era.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","tiny","part","is","the","human","era","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We have to zoom in a lot to even see your lifetime.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","have","to","zoom","in","a","lot","to","even","see","your","lifetime","."],"tags":[1,17,18,31,32,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Still, all of human history is not that long.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Still",",","all","of","human","history","is","not","that","long","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"65 million years ago, the age of the dinosaurs ended in an enormous explosion.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["65","million","years","ago",",","the","age","of","the","dinosaurs","ended","in","an","enormous","explosion","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The dinosaurs ruled the Earth for over 165 million years.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","dinosaurs","ruled","the","Earth","for","over","165","million","years","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"That's so long that it means a T-Rex that lived 65 million years ago is closer to us today than to a live Stegosaurus.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":116,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":26,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","so","long","that","it","means","a","T","-","Rex","that","lived","65","million","years","ago","is","closer","to","us","today","than","to","a","live","Stegosaurus","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Dinosaurs in the form of mighty chickens are still around today.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Dinosaurs","in","the","form","of","mighty","chickens","are","still","around","today","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,13,0]}
{"text":"Animal life on this planet started 600 million years ago.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Animal","life","on","this","planet","started","600","million","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The earliest animals were fish and other small simple sea creatures.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","earliest","animals","were","fish","and","other","small","simple","sea","creatures","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Then came insects, then reptiles, and finally, around 200 million years ago, mammals joined the party.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Then","came","insects",",","then","reptiles",",","and","finally",",","around","200","million","years","ago",",","mammals","joined","the","party","."],"tags":[13,23,1,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Life itself began much further back.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Life","itself","began","much","further","back","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There is evidence that it appeared up to 4.1 billion years ago.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","evidence","that","it","appeared","up","to","4.1","billion","years","ago","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"For at least 3.5 billion years, life consisted only of single-celled organisms.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":78,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":52,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["For","at","least","3.5","billion","years",",","life","consisted","only","of","single","-","celled","organisms","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,13,35,36,36,36,36,0]}
{"text":"4.5 billion years ago, the Sun was born from a gigantic imploding gas cloud.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["4.5","billion","years","ago",",","the","Sun","was","born","from","a","gigantic","imploding","gas","cloud","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"60 million years later, Earth formed.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["60","million","years","later",",","Earth","formed","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,23,0]}
{"text":"In those early years, frequent bombardment by comets and asteroids supplied the Earth with large oceans.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":67,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","those","early","years",",","frequent","bombardment","by","comets","and","asteroids","supplied","the","Earth","with","large","oceans","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But as far as the whole universe goes, our solar system is pretty new.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","as","far","as","the","whole","universe","goes",",","our","solar","system","is","pretty","new","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"13.75 billion years ago, the universe was born.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["13.75","billion","years","ago",",","the","universe","was","born","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"And about half a billion years later, our own galaxy formed from billions of stars.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","about","half","a","billion","years","later",",","our","own","galaxy","formed","from","billions","of","stars","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But what came before the Big Bang?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","what","came","before","the","Big","Bang","?"],"tags":[0,1,23,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The truth is, we don't know, and maybe we never will.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","truth","is",",","we","do","n't","know",",","and","maybe","we","never","will","."],"tags":[1,2,21,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And there you have it, the past.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","there","you","have","it",",","the","past","."],"tags":[0,13,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Now let's take a look at what we know about the future.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Now","let","'s","take","a","look","at","what","we","know","about","the","future","."],"tags":[13,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"In roughly 1 billion years, the Sun will be so hot that life on Earth becomes impossible.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","roughly","1","billion","years",",","the","Sun","will","be","so","hot","that","life","on","Earth","becomes","impossible","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The death of the Sun 4 billion years later marks the end of life in the solar system.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","death","of","the","Sun","4","billion","years","later","marks","the","end","of","life","in","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If we want to have a chance to survive, we need to have ventured to the stars.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","we","want","to","have","a","chance","to","survive",",","we","need","to","have","ventured","to","the","stars","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And what happens after that?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","what","happens","after","that","?"],"tags":[0,1,25,13,14,0]}
{"text":"In the next 100 billion years, most of the bigger stars around will die.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","the","next","100","billion","years",",","most","of","the","bigger","stars","around","will","die","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"The universe becomes dimmer and dimmer, illuminated only by smaller red and white dwarfs.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","universe","becomes","dimmer","and","dimmer",",","illuminated","only","by","smaller","red","and","white","dwarfs","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But they too will eventually burn out, and one day, the last star in the universe will die.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","they","too","will","eventually","burn","out",",","and","one","day",",","the","last","star","in","the","universe","will","die","."],"tags":[0,1,13,15,13,31,32,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The universe will turn dark.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","universe","will","turn","dark","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"And at some point, even black holes will evaporate and die.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","at","some","point",",","even","black","holes","will","evaporate","and","die","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,0,41,0]}
{"text":"When they do, our universe will reach its final stage, heat death.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["When","they","do",",","our","universe","will","reach","its","final","stage",",","heat","death","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Nothing changes anymore, the universe is dead.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Nothing","changes","anymore",",","the","universe","is","dead","."],"tags":[1,25,13,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Now, you're feeling some pretty weird feelings right now, aren't you?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Now",",","you","'re","feeling","some","pretty","weird","feelings","right","now",",","are","n't","you","?"],"tags":[0,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,13,14,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We are too.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","are","too","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It's only natural.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","only","natural","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The good news is, this is all far, far away.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","good","news","is",",","this","is","all","far",",","far","away","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The only time that actually matters is now.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","only","time","that","actually","matters","is","now","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"That cute girl or boy you like, ask them out.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":44,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["That","cute","girl","or","boy","you","like",",","ask","them","out","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,19,5,35,0]}
{"text":"Time is precious.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Time","is","precious","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Make it count.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Make","it","count","."],"tags":[19,5,33,0]}
{"text":"One of the questions we get asked the most is how we make animated videos.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["One","of","the","questions","we","get","asked","the","most","is","how","we","make","animated","videos","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The short answer is with Adobe After Effects and years of training.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","short","answer","is","with","Adobe","After","Effects","and","years","of","training","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But if you'd like to get a glimpse, we now have something for you.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","if","you","'d","like","to","get","a","glimpse",",","we","now","have","something","for","you","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We made Skillshare tutorials explaining in detail how we animate scenes from our videos.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","made","Skillshare","tutorials","explaining","in","detail","how","we","animate","scenes","from","our","videos","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"Their premium membership gives you unlimited access to high-quality classes from professionals working in their fields,","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":117,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Their","premium","membership","gives","you","unlimited","access","to","high","-","quality","classes","from","professionals","working","in","their","fields",","],"tags":[1,2,2,25,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"so you can improve your skills, unlock new opportunities and do work that you really enjoy.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["so","you","can","improve","your","skills",",","unlock","new","opportunities","and","do","work","that","you","really","enjoy","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's also extremely affordable.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","also","extremely","affordable","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The annual subscription is less than $10 a month.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","annual","subscription","is","less","than","$","10","a","month","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"So if you want to learn new things and support Kurzgesagt, give it a try.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":66,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":72,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["So","if","you","want","to","learn","new","things","and","support","Kurzgesagt",",","give","it","a","try","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,9,7,8,0]}
{"text":"How did you like this remake?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["How","did","you","like","this","remake","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"We're thinking about redoing a few of our older videos in the next one or two years.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","'re","thinking","about","redoing","a","few","of","our","older","videos","in","the","next","one","or","two","years","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Every living being needs to fight off other living beings that want to feast on them.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Every","living","being","needs","to","fight","off","other","living","beings","that","want","to","feast","on","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So as multi-cellular life evolved over billions of years, it came up with ways to defend itself.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["So","as","multi","-","cellular","life","evolved","over","billions","of","years",",","it","came","up","with","ways","to","defend","itself","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Today, humans have a sophisticated defense network, like physical barriers, defense cells, and weapons factories.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Today",",","humans","have","a","sophisticated","defense","network",",","like","physical","barriers",",","defense","cells",",","and","weapons","factories","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But one of the most important defenses of our body is largely unknown.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","one","of","the","most","important","defenses","of","our","body","is","largely","unknown","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"It evolved over 700 million years ago and is an army of over 30 different proteins that work together in a complex and elegant dance to stop intruders.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":150,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":27,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","evolved","over","700","million","years","ago","and","is","an","army","of","over","30","different","proteins","that","work","together","in","a","complex","and","elegant","dance","to","stop","intruders","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"All in all, about 15 quintillion of them are saturating every fluid in your body right now.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["All","in","all",",","about","15","quintillion","of","them","are","saturating","every","fluid","in","your","body","right","now","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Guided by nothing but chemistry, these proteins are one of the most effective weapons we have against invaders.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":109,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Guided","by","nothing","but","chemistry",",","these","proteins","are","one","of","the","most","effective","weapons","we","have","against","invaders","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Many other parts of the immune system are just tools to activate the complement system.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Many","other","parts","of","the","immune","system","are","just","tools","to","activate","the","complement","system","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But it's also really dangerous.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","also","really","dangerous","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Imagine having trillions of little bombs inside your blood that could go off at any moment.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":15,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","having","trillions","of","little","bombs","inside","your","blood","that","could","go","off","at","any","moment","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So our cells use numerous mechanisms to prevent complement from accidentally attacking them.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","our","cells","use","numerous","mechanisms","to","prevent","complement","from","accidentally","attacking","them","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Okay, what exactly does it do and what makes it so dangerous?","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Okay",",","what","exactly","does","it","do","and","what","makes","it","so","dangerous","?"],"tags":[0,0,5,13,15,1,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, the complement system does three things.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","the","complement","system","does","three","things","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"It cripples enemies, it activates the immune system, and it rips holes in things until they die.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["It","cripples","enemies",",","it","activates","the","immune","system",",","and","it","rips","holes","in","things","until","they","die","."],"tags":[1,25,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"After all, these are mindless proteins randomly drifting around without will or direction.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["After","all",",","these","are","mindless","proteins","randomly","drifting","around","without","will","or","direction","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Well, this is actually part of the strategy.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Well",",","this","is","actually","part","of","the","strategy","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Complement proteins float around in a sort of passive mode.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Complement","proteins","float","around","in","a","sort","of","passive","mode","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They do nothing until they get activated and change their shape.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","do","nothing","until","they","get","activated","and","change","their","shape","."],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the world of proteins, your shape determines what you can and cannot do.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","the","world","of","proteins",",","your","shape","determines","what","you","can","and","can","not","do","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Because shape determines what you can interact with and in what way.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Because","shape","determines","what","you","can","interact","with","and","in","what","way","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For example, in your passive shape you might do nothing.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["For","example",",","in","your","passive","shape","you","might","do","nothing","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,1,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"In your active shape, however, you might, for example, change the shape of other proteins, activating them so they can activate others.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":18,"token_start":14},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":26,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["In","your","active","shape",",","however",",","you","might",",","for","example",",","change","the","shape","of","other","proteins",",","activating","them","so","they","can","activate","others","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,0,1,15,0,13,14,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Mechanisms like this one can start cascades that spread very quickly.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Mechanisms","like","this","one","can","start","cascades","that","spread","very","quickly","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Imagine the complement proteins as being like millions of matches very close together.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":85,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Imagine","the","complement","proteins","as","being","like","millions","of","matches","very","close","together","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Once one catches fire, it ignites the ones around it.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Once","one","catches","fire",",","it","ignites","the","ones","around","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They ignite more and suddenly you have a big fire.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","ignite","more","and","suddenly","you","have","a","big","fire","."],"tags":[1,19,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To show the actual mechanisms of the complement system is a tad complicated and overwhelming.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["To","show","the","actual","mechanisms","of","the","complement","system","is","a","tad","complicated","and","overwhelming","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So we'll simplify here.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","we","'ll","simplify","here","."],"tags":[13,1,15,19,13,0]}
{"text":"Now, let's imagine you cut yourself and a bunch of bacteria enter the wound and make it enter the surrounding tissue.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":116,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Now",",","let","'s","imagine","you","cut","yourself","and","a","bunch","of","bacteria","enter","the","wound","and","make","it","enter","the","surrounding","tissue","."],"tags":[13,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Our complement attack begins with C3.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Our","complement","attack","begins","with","C3","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,0]}
{"text":"C3 is the first match, the initial spark that will start our fire.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["C3","is","the","first","match",",","the","initial","spark","that","will","start","our","fire","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And to do that, C3 needs to switch from passive to active.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","to","do","that",",","C3","needs","to","switch","from","passive","to","active","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"How this happens is complex, but let's just say it can happen randomly, through other complement proteins that bind to enemies or through antibodies.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":26,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["How","this","happens","is","complex",",","but","let","'s","just","say","it","can","happen","randomly",",","through","other","complement","proteins","that","bind","to","enemies","or","through","antibodies","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"All you really need to know is that C3 breaks into two smaller proteins, C3a and C3b, that are now activated.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":107,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","you","really","need","to","know","is","that","C3","breaks","into","two","smaller","proteins",",","C3a","and","C3b",",","that","are","now","activated","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"One of these parts, the C3b protein, is like a seeker missile specialized in bacteria, fungi and viruses.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":104,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["One","of","these","parts",",","the","C3b","protein",",","is","like","a","seeker","missile","specialized","in","bacteria",",","fungi","and","viruses","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,0,39,40,40,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It has a fraction of a second to find a victim or it will be neutralized by water molecules.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["It","has","a","fraction","of","a","second","to","find","a","victim","or","it","will","be","neutralized","by","water","molecules","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If C3b does find a target, it anchors itself very tightly to its surface and doesn't let go.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","C3b","does","find","a","target",",","it","anchors","itself","very","tightly","to","its","surface","and","does","n't","let","go","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,13,14,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"By doing so, the protein changes its shape again.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["By","doing","so",",","the","protein","changes","its","shape","again","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,13,0]}
{"text":"In its new shape, it's now able to grab other proteins and start a small cascade, changing its shape multiple times, adding other complement proteins to itself.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":22,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":80,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":17,"token_start":14},{"end":159,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":30,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["In","its","new","shape",",","it","'s","now","able","to","grab","other","proteins","and","start","a","small","cascade",",","changing","its","shape","multiple","times",",","adding","other","complement","proteins","to","itself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,17,13,17,18,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Finally, it transforms itself into a recruiting platform known as C3 Convertis.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Finally",",","it","transforms","itself","into","a","recruiting","platform","known","as","C3","Convertis","."],"tags":[13,0,1,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This platform is an expert at activating more C3 proteins that start the whole cycle anew.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","platform","is","an","expert","at","activating","more","C3","proteins","that","start","the","whole","cycle","anew","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"An amplification loop begins.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["An","amplification","loop","begins","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,0]}
{"text":"Soon, thousands of proteins cover the bacteria.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Soon",",","thousands","of","proteins","cover","the","bacteria","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"For the bacteria, this is very bad.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["For","the","bacteria",",","this","is","very","bad","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"It can cripple the bacteria and make them helpless or slow them down.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","can","cripple","the","bacteria","and","make","them","helpless","or","slow","them","down","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Imagine being covered by thousands of flies.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","being","covered","by","thousands","of","flies","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But there's more.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","'s","more","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,0]}
{"text":"Do you remember the other part of C3?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Do","you","remember","the","other","part","of","C3","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"C3a is like a distress beacon.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["C3a","is","like","a","distress","beacon","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Thousands of them flood away from the site of battle, screaming for attention.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Thousands","of","them","flood","away","from","the","site","of","battle",",","screaming","for","attention","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Passive immune cells notice the C3a proteins and awaken from their slumber to follow the protein tracks to the site of infection.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Passive","immune","cells","notice","the","C3a","proteins","and","awaken","from","their","slumber","to","follow","the","protein","tracks","to","the","site","of","infection","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The more alarm proteins they encounter, the more aggressive they get.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","more","alarm","proteins","they","encounter",",","the","more","aggressive","they","get","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,1,21,0]}
{"text":"This way, complement guides reinforcements exactly to the place where they're needed the most.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","way",",","complement","guides","reinforcements","exactly","to","the","place","where","they","'re","needed","the","most","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So far, the complement has slowed down the invaders and called for help.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So","far",",","the","complement","has","slowed","down","the","invaders","and","called","for","help","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,31,32,5,6,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Now, it's beginning to actively help to kill the enemy.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Now",",","it","'s","beginning","to","actively","help","to","kill","the","enemy","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The first immune cells to arrive at the battlefield are phagocytes, which means cells that swallow you whole trap you in a tiny prison and then kill you with acid.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":161,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":30,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","first","immune","cells","to","arrive","at","the","battlefield","are","phagocytes",",","which","means","cells","that","swallow","you","whole","trap","you","in","a","tiny","prison","and","then","kill","you","with","acid","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But to swallow an enemy, they need to grab it first, which is not easy because bacteria prefer not to be grabbed and are sort of slippery.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":137,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":28,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","to","swallow","an","enemy",",","they","need","to","grab","it","first",",","which","is","not","easy","because","bacteria","prefer","not","to","be","grabbed","and","are","sort","of","slippery","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But now the complement that has anchored itself to the bacteria acts as a sort of glue that makes it easy for the immune cells to catch their victims.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":149,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":28,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","now","the","complement","that","has","anchored","itself","to","the","bacteria","acts","as","a","sort","of","glue","that","makes","it","easy","for","the","immune","cells","to","catch","their","victims","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But it gets even better.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","it","gets","even","better","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Imagine being covered in flies again.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","being","covered","in","flies","again","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"On the surface of the bacteria, the C3 recruitment platform changes its shape again and begins to recruit new proteins.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":88,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["On","the","surface","of","the","bacteria",",","the","C3","recruitment","platform","changes","its","shape","again","and","begins","to","recruit","new","proteins","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,25,5,6,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Together, they begin the construction of a bigger structure, a membrane attack complex.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Together",",","they","begin","the","construction","of","a","bigger","structure",",","a","membrane","attack","complex","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"Fluids rush into the bacteria and their insides spill out.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Fluids","rush","into","the","bacteria","and","their","insides","spill","out","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They bleed to death.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","bleed","to","death","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The remaining bacteria are maimed and distracted by the complement and quickly taken care of by the arriving immune cells.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":71,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","remaining","bacteria","are","maimed","and","distracted","by","the","complement","and","quickly","taken","care","of","by","the","arriving","immune","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The invasion has been nipped in the bud before it had the opportunity to become dangerous.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","invasion","has","been","nipped","in","the","bud","before","it","had","the","opportunity","to","become","dangerous","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You probably didn't even notice it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["You","probably","did","n't","even","notice","it","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,13,19,5,0]}
{"text":"But while bacteria are not happy about complement, the enemies it might be the most useful against are actually viruses.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":17,"token_start":9},{"end":102,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":99,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":103,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":119,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":20,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["But","while","bacteria","are","not","happy","about","complement",",","the","enemies","it","might","be","the","most","useful","against","are","actually","viruses","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"Viruses have one problem.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Viruses","have","one","problem","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"They need to travel from cell to cell.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","need","to","travel","from","cell","to","cell","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Outside of cells, they're basically hoping to randomly bump against a cell to infect by pure chance.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Outside","of","cells",",","they","'re","basically","hoping","to","randomly","bump","against","a","cell","to","infect","by","pure","chance","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,13,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Here, they're completely defenseless.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Here",",","they","'re","completely","defenseless","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"And here, complement is able to intercept and cripple them so they become harmless and guide the immune system to devour them.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","here",",","complement","is","able","to","intercept","and","cripple","them","so","they","become","harmless","and","guide","the","immune","system","to","devour","them","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,17,18,18,19,0,41,42,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Without complement, virus infections would be a lot more deadly.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Without","complement",",","virus","infections","would","be","a","lot","more","deadly","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But wait, if we have such an effective weapon, why do we ever get sick?","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","wait",",","if","we","have","such","an","effective","weapon",",","why","do","we","ever","get","sick","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,13,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The problem is that in a war, both sides adapt.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","problem","is","that","in","a","war",",","both","sides","adapt","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"For example, when the vaccinia virus infects a cell, it forces it to produce a protein that shuts complement activation down.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":124,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["For","example",",","when","the","vaccinia","virus","infects","a","cell",",","it","forces","it","to","produce","a","protein","that","shuts","complement","activation","down","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This way, the virus creates safe zones around the cells it infects.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","way",",","the","virus","creates","safe","zones","around","the","cells","it","infects","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When it kills them and tries to infect more, it has a higher chance of being successful.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["When","it","kills","them","and","tries","to","infect","more",",","it","has","a","higher","chance","of","being","successful","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Or some bacteria, for example, can grab certain molecules from the blood that keep the complement system calm and make themselves invisible.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Or","some","bacteria",",","for","example",",","can","grab","certain","molecules","from","the","blood","that","keep","the","complement","system","calm","and","make","themselves","invisible","."],"tags":[0,1,2,0,13,14,0,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So the complement system, while being extremely important, is only one player in the complex and beautiful organization that is our immune system.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":145,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So","the","complement","system",",","while","being","extremely","important",",","is","only","one","player","in","the","complex","and","beautiful","organization","that","is","our","immune","system","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This video was sponsored by you.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","video","was","sponsored","by","you","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Without your direct support, this channel would not exist.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Without","your","direct","support",",","this","channel","would","not","exist","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,37,19,0]}
{"text":"And it's hard to overstate how grateful we are for that.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","it","'s","hard","to","overstate","how","grateful","we","are","for","that","."],"tags":[0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In 2019, an average Kurzgesagt video took at least 1,200 hours to produce.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":73,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","2019",",","an","average","Kurzgesagt","video","took","at","least","1,200","hours","to","produce","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,33,34,0]}
{"text":"We need months to research and write our scripts, clear them with experts, illustrate and animate every scene from scratch, and to compose original music.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":153,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":27,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","need","months","to","research","and","write","our","scripts",",","clear","them","with","experts",",","illustrate","and","animate","every","scene","from","scratch",",","and","to","compose","original","music","."],"tags":[1,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This is only possible through a combination of sponsorships, your support on Patreon, and selling merch, like this poster and postcards we made about the complement system.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":170,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":29,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","is","only","possible","through","a","combination","of","sponsorships",",","your","support","on","Patreon",",","and","selling","merch",",","like","this","poster","and","postcards","we","made","about","the","complement","system","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you yourself want to support us, you can do so by watching, becoming a Patreon, and maybe getting a personal bird, or by getting one of our calendars or posters.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":162,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":34,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","you","yourself","want","to","support","us",",","you","can","do","so","by","watching",",","becoming","a","Patreon",",","and","maybe","getting","a","personal","bird",",","or","by","getting","one","of","our","calendars","or","posters","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The purpose of Kurzgesagt is to make the best videos we can, and to make science more approachable.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","purpose","of","Kurzgesagt","is","to","make","the","best","videos","we","can",",","and","to","make","science","more","approachable","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so much for making this possible.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","for","making","this","possible","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What if the state covered your cost of living? Would you still go to work?","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["What","if","the","state","covered","your","cost","of","living","?","Would","you","still","go","to","work","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,15,1,13,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Go back to school?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Go","back","to","school","?"],"tags":[19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What would you do?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","would","you","do","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"This concept is called a Universal Basic Income or UBI and it's nothing less than the most ambitious social policy of our times.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["This","concept","is","called","a","Universal","Basic","Income","or","UBI","and","it","'s","nothing","less","than","the","most","ambitious","social","policy","of","our","times","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In 2017, basic income is gaining momentum around the world.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","2017",",","basic","income","is","gaining","momentum","around","the","world","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,27,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"First trials are ongoing or on their way and a growing number of countries are considering UBI as an alternative to welfare.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["First","trials","are","ongoing","or","on","their","way","and","a","growing","number","of","countries","are","considering","UBI","as","an","alternative","to","welfare","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"How would it work and what are the key arguments for and against?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["How","would","it","work","and","what","are","the","key","arguments","for","and","against","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Right now people can't really agree what Universal Basic Income is or should be.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Right","now","people","ca","n't","really","agree","what","Universal","Basic","Income","is","or","should","be","."],"tags":[13,14,1,15,37,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Some want to use it to eliminate welfare and cut bureaucracy.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Some","want","to","use","it","to","eliminate","welfare","and","cut","bureaucracy","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Others want it as a free extra for existing programs or even want it to be so high that work itself becomes optional.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Others","want","it","as","a","free","extra","for","existing","programs","or","even","want","it","to","be","so","high","that","work","itself","becomes","optional","."],"tags":[1,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"For this video we'll talk mostly about the minimum basic income, enough money to be above the poverty line.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["For","this","video","we","'ll","talk","mostly","about","the","minimum","basic","income",",","enough","money","to","be","above","the","poverty","line","."],"tags":[13,14,14,1,15,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the US this means about $1,000 a month or $12,000 a year.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","the","US","this","means","about","$","1,000","a","month","or","$","12,000","a","year","."],"tags":[13,14,14,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The money would not be taxed and you could do whatever you wanted with it.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","money","would","not","be","taxed","and","you","could","do","whatever","you","wanted","with","it","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In this scenario UBI is a way of transferring the wealth of a society while still keeping the free market intact.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":111,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","this","scenario","UBI","is","a","way","of","transferring","the","wealth","of","a","society","while","still","keeping","the","free","market","intact","."],"tags":[13,14,14,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But if we hand out free money, will people just spend it on booze and stop working?","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","if","we","hand","out","free","money",",","will","people","just","spend","it","on","booze","and","stop","working","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,15,1,13,19,5,13,14,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"A 2013 study by the World Bank specifically examined if poor people waste their handouts on tobacco and alcohol if they receive it in the form of cash.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":150,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":27,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["A","2013","study","by","the","World","Bank","specifically","examined","if","poor","people","waste","their","handouts","on","tobacco","and","alcohol","if","they","receive","it","in","the","form","of","cash","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The opposite is true.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","opposite","is","true","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Other studies have shown that the richer you are, the more drugs and alcohol you consume.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Other","studies","have","shown","that","the","richer","you","are",",","the","more","drugs","and","alcohol","you","consume","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The lazy and drunk poor person is a stereotype rather than reality.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","lazy","and","drunk","poor","person","is","a","stereotype","rather","than","reality","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Universal basic income test runs done in Canada in the 1970s showed that around 1% of the recipients stopped working, mostly to take care of their kids.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":151,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":28,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Universal","basic","income","test","runs","done","in","Canada","in","the","1970s","showed","that","around","1","%","of","the","recipients","stopped","working",",","mostly","to","take","care","of","their","kids","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"On average people reduced their working hours by less than 10%.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","average","people","reduced","their","working","hours","by","less","than","10","%","."],"tags":[13,14,1,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The extra time was used to achieve goals like going back to school or looking for better jobs.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","extra","time","was","used","to","achieve","goals","like","going","back","to","school","or","looking","for","better","jobs","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But if laziness and drugs are not a huge deal, why doesn't our current welfare state solve poverty?","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":58,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":17,"token_start":14},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":85,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":19,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["But","if","laziness","and","drugs","are","not","a","huge","deal",",","why","does","n't","our","current","welfare","state","solve","poverty","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,37,1,2,2,2,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Welfare or unemployment programs often come with a lot of strings attached, like taking part in courses,","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Welfare","or","unemployment","programs","often","come","with","a","lot","of","strings","attached",",","like","taking","part","in","courses",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Besides the loss of personal freedom, these conditions are often a huge waste of time and only serve to make the unemployment statistics seem less bad.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":150,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":90,"token_end":26,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Besides","the","loss","of","personal","freedom",",","these","conditions","are","often","a","huge","waste","of","time","and","only","serve","to","make","the","unemployment","statistics","seem","less","bad","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Often your time would be much better spent looking for the right job, continuing education or starting a business.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Often","your","time","would","be","much","better","spent","looking","for","the","right","job",",","continuing","education","or","starting","a","business","."],"tags":[13,1,2,15,15,13,14,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Another unwanted side effect of many welfare programs is that they trap people in poverty and promote passive behavior.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":117,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Another","unwanted","side","effect","of","many","welfare","programs","is","that","they","trap","people","in","poverty","and","promote","passive","behavior","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Imagine a benefit of $1,000 each month.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","a","benefit","of","$","1,000","each","month","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In a lot of programs, if you earn a single dollar extra, the whole thing is taken away.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":86,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":82,"token_end":19,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["In","a","lot","of","programs",",","if","you","earn","a","single","dollar","extra",",","the","whole","thing","is","taken","away","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,35,0]}
{"text":"If you take a job that's paying $1,200, you might not only lose your benefits,","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","you","take","a","job","that","'s","paying","$","1,200",",","you","might","not","only","lose","your","benefits",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,14,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"but because of your taxes and other costs like transportation, you might end up having less money than before.","spans":[{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["but","because","of","your","taxes","and","other","costs","like","transportation",",","you","might","end","up","having","less","money","than","before","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"welfare can create a ceiling that traps people in poverty and rewards passive behavior.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["welfare","can","create","a","ceiling","that","traps","people","in","poverty","and","rewards","passive","behavior","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A basic income can never be cut and therefore getting a job and additional income will always make your financial situation better.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","basic","income","can","never","be","cut","and","therefore","getting","a","job","and","additional","income","will","always","make","your","financial","situation","better","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,37,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Work is always rewarded.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Work","is","always","rewarded","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,0]}
{"text":"Instead of a ceiling, it creates a floor from which people can lift themselves up.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Instead","of","a","ceiling",",","it","creates","a","floor","from","which","people","can","lift","themselves","up","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But even if UBI is the better model, is it economically feasible?","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","even","if","UBI","is","the","better","model",",","is","it","economically","feasible","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,21,1,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Won't prices just rise, making everything just like it was before?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Wo","n't","prices","just","rise",",","making","everything","just","like","it","was","before","?"],"tags":[15,37,1,13,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Since the money is not being created by magic or printers, it needs to be transferred from somewhere.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Since","the","money","is","not","being","created","by","magic","or","printers",",","it","needs","to","be","transferred","from","somewhere","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's more of a shift of funds than the creation of new ones.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","more","of","a","shift","of","funds","than","the","creation","of","new","ones","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Okay, but how do we pay for it?","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Okay",",","but","how","do","we","pay","for","it","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,13,15,1,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"There's no right answer here because the world is too diverse.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["There","'s","no","right","answer","here","because","the","world","is","too","diverse","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"How well-off a country is, what the local values are.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["How","well","-","off","a","country","is",",","what","the","local","values","are","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,11,1,2,2,21,0]}
{"text":"Are things like high taxes or cutting the defense budget politically acceptable or not?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Are","things","like","high","taxes","or","cutting","the","defense","budget","politically","acceptable","or","not","?"],"tags":[21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,11,12,0,0,0]}
{"text":"How much welfare state is already in place and is it effective?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["How","much","welfare","state","is","already","in","place","and","is","it","effective","?"],"tags":[13,14,1,2,21,13,11,12,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Each country has its own individual path to a UBI.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Each","country","has","its","own","individual","path","to","a","UBI","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The easiest way to pay for a UBI is to end all welfare and use the free funds to finance it.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","easiest","way","to","pay","for","a","UBI","is","to","end","all","welfare","and","use","the","free","funds","to","finance","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Not only would this make a number of government agencies disappear, which in itself saves money, it would also eliminate a lot of bureaucracy.","spans":[{"end":99,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":105,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":100,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":120,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":111,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":141,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":121,"token_end":25,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Not","only","would","this","make","a","number","of","government","agencies","disappear",",","which","in","itself","saves","money",",","it","would","also","eliminate","a","lot","of","bureaucracy","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"On the other hand, cutting them could leave many people worse off than before.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["On","the","other","hand",",","cutting","them","could","leave","many","people","worse","off","than","before","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"If the goal is to have a foundation for everybody, there still need to be programs of some sort because just like countries, people are not the same.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":70,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":95,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":19,"token_start":16},{"end":148,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":29,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","the","goal","is","to","have","a","foundation","for","everybody",",","there","still","need","to","be","programs","of","some","sort","because","just","like","countries",",","people","are","not","the","same","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,13,17,18,11,1,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the US, for example, there's been a lot of economic growth, but most of the benefits from it have gone to the richest few percent.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":132,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":29,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["In","the","US",",","for","example",",","there","'s","been","a","lot","of","economic","growth",",","but","most","of","the","benefits","from","it","have","gone","to","the","richest","few","percent","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,0,3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The wealth gap is rapidly widening and many argue that it might be time to distribute the spoils more evenly to preserve the social peace.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":137,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","wealth","gap","is","rapidly","widening","and","many","argue","that","it","might","be","time","to","distribute","the","spoils","more","evenly","to","preserve","the","social","peace","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,27,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There could be taxes on financial transactions, capital, land value, carbon or even robots.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":90,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","could","be","taxes","on","financial","transactions",",","capital",",","land","value",",","carbon","or","even","robots","."],"tags":[3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But UBI is not necessarily expensive.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","UBI","is","not","necessarily","expensive","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,13,11,0]}
{"text":"According to a recent study, a UBI of $1,000 per month in the US could actually grow the GDP by 12% over 8 years","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":15,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":80,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":20,"token_start":19},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":23,"token_start":21},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":26,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["According","to","a","recent","study",",","a","UBI","of","$","1,000","per","month","in","the","US","could","actually","grow","the","GDP","by","12","%","over","8","years"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,13,14,14,13,14,14]}
{"text":"because it would enable poor people to spend more and increase overall demand.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["because","it","would","enable","poor","people","to","spend","more","and","increase","overall","demand","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Who will work in the fields, crawl through sewers or lift pianos?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Who","will","work","in","the","fields",",","crawl","through","sewers","or","lift","pianos","?"],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"If you don't need to for survival, will people still do hard, boring and unfulfilling labor?","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","do","n't","need","to","for","survival",",","will","people","still","do","hard",",","boring","and","unfulfilling","labor","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,15,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"UBI might give them enough leverage to demand better pay and working conditions.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["UBI","might","give","them","enough","leverage","to","demand","better","pay","and","working","conditions","."],"tags":[1,15,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"A study calculated that every extra dollar going to wage earners would add about $1.21 to the national economy,","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["A","study","calculated","that","every","extra","dollar","going","to","wage","earners","would","add","about","$","1.21","to","the","national","economy",","],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"while every extra dollar going to high-income Americans would add only 39 cents.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["while","every","extra","dollar","going","to","high","-","income","Americans","would","add","only","39","cents","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There would still be very rich and poor people, but we could eliminate fear, suffering and existential panic for a significant part of the population.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":149,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":26,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["There","would","still","be","very","rich","and","poor","people",",","but","we","could","eliminate","fear",",","suffering","and","existential","panic","for","a","significant","part","of","the","population","."],"tags":[3,15,13,21,1,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Making poor citizens better off could be a smart economic tactic.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Making","poor","citizens","better","off","could","be","a","smart","economic","tactic","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"For some, this isn't enough.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["For","some",",","this","is","n't","enough","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"They want a UBI large enough to live a middle-class existence.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","want","a","UBI","large","enough","to","live","a","middle","-","class","existence","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If we set the financial obstacle aside, this idea fundamentally challenges how our society is constructed.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","we","set","the","financial","obstacle","aside",",","this","idea","fundamentally","challenges","how","our","society","is","constructed","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"By earning money, you earn the possibility to take part in society.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["By","earning","money",",","you","earn","the","possibility","to","take","part","in","society","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This determines your status and options, but it also forces many people into spending huge chunks of their time on things they don't care about.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":143,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":26,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","determines","your","status","and","options",",","but","it","also","forces","many","people","into","spending","huge","chunks","of","their","time","on","things","they","do","n't","care","about","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In 2016, only 33% of US employees were engaged at work, 16% were actively miserable and the remaining 51% were only physically present.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":134,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":27,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","2016",",","only","33","%","of","US","employees","were","engaged","at","work",",","16","%","were","actively","miserable","and","the","remaining","51","%","were","only","physically","present","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Would 67% of people stop working if they could?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Would","67","%","of","people","stop","working","if","they","could","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,2,2,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It would be unfair to portray work as just a chore.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","would","be","unfair","to","portray","work","as","just","a","chore","."],"tags":[3,15,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Work gives us something to do.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Work","gives","us","something","to","do","."],"tags":[1,25,9,7,8,8,0]}
{"text":"It challenges us, it motivates us to improve, it forces us to engage.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["It","challenges","us",",","it","motivates","us","to","improve",",","it","forces","us","to","engage","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,25,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Many find friends or partners at work.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Many","find","friends","or","partners","at","work","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"We work for social status, wealth and our place in the world.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","work","for","social","status",",","wealth","and","our","place","in","the","world","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We're looking for something to do with our lives.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","'re","looking","for","something","to","do","with","our","lives","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And for many people, work gives them meaning.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","for","many","people",",","work","gives","them","meaning","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,25,9,7,0]}
{"text":"There are other concerns with UBI.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","other","concerns","with","UBI","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"If all welfare programs were exchanged for one single payment, this gives the government a lot of leverage.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":87,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":105,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","all","welfare","programs","were","exchanged","for","one","single","payment",",","this","gives","the","government","a","lot","of","leverage","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,9,10,7,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"Individual programs are easier to attack or cut than a multitude.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Individual","programs","are","easier","to","attack","or","cut","than","a","multitude","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Or populists might promise drastic changes to the UBI to get into power.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Or","populists","might","promise","drastic","changes","to","the","UBI","to","get","into","power","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And a universal basic income doesn't tackle all problems when it comes to inequality.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","a","universal","basic","income","does","n't","tackle","all","problems","when","it","comes","to","inequality","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"While $1,000 might be great in the countryside, it's not a lot for expensive metropolitan areas,","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["While","$","1,000","might","be","great","in","the","countryside",",","it","'s","not","a","lot","for","expensive","metropolitan","areas",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,37,11,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And of course, for some people, the concept of work itself not being essential for survival is appalling.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":91,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":17,"token_start":8},{"end":94,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":92,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":104,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":19,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["And","of","course",",","for","some","people",",","the","concept","of","work","itself","not","being","essential","for","survival","is","appalling","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"So is the universal basic income a good idea?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","is","the","universal","basic","income","a","good","idea","?"],"tags":[13,21,1,2,2,2,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The honest answer is that we don't know yet.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","honest","answer","is","that","we","do","n't","know","yet","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We need to think about what kind of UBI we want and what we're prepared to give up to pay for it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","to","think","about","what","kind","of","UBI","we","want","and","what","we","'re","prepared","to","give","up","to","pay","for","it","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The potential is huge.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","potential","is","huge","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It might be the most promising model to sustainably eliminate poverty.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","might","be","the","most","promising","model","to","sustainably","eliminate","poverty","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It might seriously reduce the amount of desperation in the world and make us all much less stressed out.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["It","might","seriously","reduce","the","amount","of","desperation","in","the","world","and","make","us","all","much","less","stressed","out","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This video was made possible by a universal basic income provided by you, our viewers.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","video","was","made","possible","by","a","universal","basic","income","provided","by","you",",","our","viewers","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,33,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"10,000 people around the world gift us a monthly income on patreon.com\/kurzgesagt.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["10,000","people","around","the","world","gift","us","a","monthly","income","on","patreon.com\/kurzgesagt","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,9,7,8,8,13,14,0]}
{"text":"You enable us to pay salaries and buy new hardware.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","enable","us","to","pay","salaries","and","buy","new","hardware","."],"tags":[1,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"You enable us to make more videos and you enable us to spend more time on them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["You","enable","us","to","make","more","videos","and","you","enable","us","to","spend","more","time","on","them","."],"tags":[1,19,5,33,34,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Kurzgesagt would truly not be what it is today without your help.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Kurzgesagt","would","truly","not","be","what","it","is","today","without","your","help","."],"tags":[1,15,13,37,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You help us stay independent and you give us the freedom to put quality before quantity.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["You","help","us","stay","independent","and","you","give","us","the","freedom","to","put","quality","before","quantity","."],"tags":[1,19,5,33,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so much.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Are you alone in the universe?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Are","you","alone","in","the","universe","?"],"tags":[21,1,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Or are you connected to anything?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Or","are","you","connected","to","anything","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"First of all, you're part of a group of mammals that's still very young, but we can make YouTube videos already and build large hadron colliders.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":16,"token_start":6},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":29,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["First","of","all",",","you","'re","part","of","a","group","of","mammals","that","'s","still","very","young",",","but","we","can","make","YouTube","videos","already","and","build","large","hadron","colliders","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We've also split the atom and invented Pokemon.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","'ve","also","split","the","atom","and","invented","Pokemon","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,5,6,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"We stem from an ancient life form that began living about three and a half billion years ago.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","stem","from","an","ancient","life","form","that","began","living","about","three","and","a","half","billion","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We feel like we're in control of this planet, but we aren't really.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","feel","like","we","'re","in","control","of","this","planet",",","but","we","are","n't","really","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"One little asteroid or one creative virus is really all it would take to kill us off for good.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["One","little","asteroid","or","one","creative","virus","is","really","all","it","would","take","to","kill","us","off","for","good","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Humanity credits itself with being able to destroy the planet,","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Humanity","credits","itself","with","being","able","to","destroy","the","planet",","],"tags":[1,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"but even with all our nuclear toys, we would probably just cause a huge mass extinction at best.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["but","even","with","all","our","nuclear","toys",",","we","would","probably","just","cause","a","huge","mass","extinction","at","best","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,13,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Maybe we could kill 90% of everything living on this planet.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Maybe","we","could","kill","90","%","of","everything","living","on","this","planet","."],"tags":[13,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A few million years later, life would be back everywhere.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["A","few","million","years","later",",","life","would","be","back","everywhere","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,13,0]}
{"text":"Most microscopic life and life below the surface wouldn't even be disturbed that much probably.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Most","microscopic","life","and","life","below","the","surface","would","n't","even","be","disturbed","that","much","probably","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,13,15,29,13,14,13,0]}
{"text":"On a geological timescale, our impact on Earth is kind of laughable.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["On","a","geological","timescale",",","our","impact","on","Earth","is","kind","of","laughable","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We're actually not that powerful.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","'re","actually","not","that","powerful","."],"tags":[1,21,13,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"We live on this tiny wet rock that speeds through space following a massive ball of burning plasma.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","live","on","this","tiny","wet","rock","that","speeds","through","space","following","a","massive","ball","of","burning","plasma","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"One day, this ball of plasma will stop burning and most likely kill us in the process.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["One","day",",","this","ball","of","plasma","will","stop","burning","and","most","likely","kill","us","in","the","process","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,19,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If we survive the death of the Sun and colonize the galaxy, theoretically, we could survive until the last star in the universe goes out.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":84,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":135,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":26,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","we","survive","the","death","of","the","Sun","and","colonize","the","galaxy",",","theoretically",",","we","could","survive","until","the","last","star","in","the","universe","goes","out","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After that, life becomes pretty impossible.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["After","that",",","life","becomes","pretty","impossible","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Okay, so everything has an end.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Okay",",","so","everything","has","an","end","."],"tags":[0,0,13,1,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Where does this leave you as an individual?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Where","does","this","leave","you","as","an","individual","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"At one point in your life, for about half an hour, you were only one single cell inside your mother's womb.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["At","one","point","in","your","life",",","for","about","half","an","hour",",","you","were","only","one","single","cell","inside","your","mother","'s","womb","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Today, you consist of about 50 trillion cells.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Today",",","you","consist","of","about","50","trillion","cells","."],"tags":[13,0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They operate by the laws of physics and chemistry, and use micro-machines to build proteins,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["They","operate","by","the","laws","of","physics","and","chemistry",",","and","use","micro","-","machines","to","build","proteins",","],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"make energy usable, devour food, transport resources, transmit information, or reproduce.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["make","energy","usable",",","devour","food",",","transport","resources",",","transmit","information",",","or","reproduce","."],"tags":[19,5,33,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They communicate, duplicate, commit suicide, fight off intruders,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["They","communicate",",","duplicate",",","commit","suicide",",","fight","off","intruders",","],"tags":[1,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"and fulfill super specialized duties for the greater good of keeping you alive, so you can have babies.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["and","fulfill","super","specialized","duties","for","the","greater","good","of","keeping","you","alive",",","so","you","can","have","babies","."],"tags":[0,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But where is the you part in this if you're made of trillions of little things?","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","where","is","the","you","part","in","this","if","you","'re","made","of","trillions","of","little","things","?"],"tags":[0,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The basic information for you is stored in the DNA,","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","basic","information","for","you","is","stored","in","the","DNA",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you were to unravel it, it would be 2 meters long.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["If","you","were","to","unravel","it",",","it","would","be","2","meters","long","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you combined all the little DNA strings in all your cells, you'd get a string so long that it would stretch to Pluto and back to Earth.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":136,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":29,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","you","combined","all","the","little","DNA","strings","in","all","your","cells",",","you","'d","get","a","string","so","long","that","it","would","stretch","to","Pluto","and","back","to","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That's pretty long.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","pretty","long","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"And your DNA is a direct connection to your very first ancestor.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","your","DNA","is","a","direct","connection","to","your","very","first","ancestor","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Take a second to think about this.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Take","a","second","to","think","about","this","."],"tags":[19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In every cell of your body, there's a little string of stuff that's been there in various forms for 3.4 billion years.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":117,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","every","cell","of","your","body",",","there","'s","a","little","string","of","stuff","that","'s","been","there","in","various","forms","for","3.4","billion","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It evolved, it mutated, it duplicated trillions of times, but it directly connects you to the first living being on this planet.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["It","evolved",",","it","mutated",",","it","duplicated","trillions","of","times",",","but","it","directly","connects","you","to","the","first","living","being","on","this","planet","."],"tags":[1,23,0,41,42,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We could say you touch to every living being that came before you with your DNA.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","could","say","you","touch","to","every","living","being","that","came","before","you","with","your","DNA","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But you are more than your DNA.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","you","are","more","than","your","DNA","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Your body is made of 7 octillion atoms.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","body","is","made","of","7","octillion","atoms","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,35,36,36,36,0]}
{"text":"That's 7 billion billion billions.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","7","billion","billion","billions","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Roughly 93% of the mass of the human body is made up of just 3 elements.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":50,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Roughly","93","%","of","the","mass","of","the","human","body","is","made","up","of","just","3","elements","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,35,36,36,36,36,0]}
{"text":"Oxygen and hydrogen are predominantly found in water, which makes up about 60% of the body by weight.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Oxygen","and","hydrogen","are","predominantly","found","in","water",",","which","makes","up","about","60","%","of","the","body","by","weight","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Carbon is maybe the most important element for life.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Carbon","is","maybe","the","most","important","element","for","life","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It can easily bond with other atoms, which allows for the building of long, complex chains of molecules, which make up the solid part of you.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","can","easily","bond","with","other","atoms",",","which","allows","for","the","building","of","long",",","complex","chains","of","molecules",",","which","make","up","the","solid","part","of","you","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The remaining 7% is a tour of the periodic table of elements.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","remaining","7","%","is","a","tour","of","the","periodic","table","of","elements","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"By the way, this also means you're about 0.5% metal, no matter what your favorite music is.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["By","the","way",",","this","also","means","you","'re","about","0.5","%","metal",",","no","matter","what","your","favorite","music","is","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Anyway, these elements perform various functions like enabling oxygen transport, building of bones and cell structures, carrying signals, driving chemical reactions and a lot more.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":179,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":28,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Anyway",",","these","elements","perform","various","functions","like","enabling","oxygen","transport",",","building","of","bones","and","cell","structures",",","carrying","signals",",","driving","chemical","reactions","and","a","lot","more","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Your body is in a constant state of transition.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Your","body","is","in","a","constant","state","of","transition","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Every 16 days, 75% of you has been replaced, because a healthy human exchanges about 100% of their water in that time period.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":26,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Every","16","days",",","75","%","of","you","has","been","replaced",",","because","a","healthy","human","exchanges","about","100","%","of","their","water","in","that","time","period","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,15,29,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Each year, about 98% of your atoms are replaced by new ones and every 5 years, close to all of the atoms that make up your body weren't there 5 years ago.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":153,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":35,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Each","year",",","about","98","%","of","your","atoms","are","replaced","by","new","ones","and","every","5","years",",","close","to","all","of","the","atoms","that","make","up","your","body","were","n't","there","5","years","ago","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, you could call yourself a temporary collection of atoms.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So",",","you","could","call","yourself","a","temporary","collection","of","atoms","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But, where did these atoms come from?","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But",",","where","did","these","atoms","come","from","?"],"tags":[0,0,5,15,1,2,31,32,0]}
{"text":"In the beginning of the universe, there were mostly hydrogen and helium atoms.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","the","beginning","of","the","universe",",","there","were","mostly","hydrogen","and","helium","atoms","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,13,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Enormous gas clouds formed over millennia and grew denser and denser until they collapsed under their own gravity, giving birth to the first stars.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":146,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Enormous","gas","clouds","formed","over","millennia","and","grew","denser","and","denser","until","they","collapsed","under","their","own","gravity",",","giving","birth","to","the","first","stars","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In the cores of these stars, hydrogen was converted into helium under extreme conditions.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","the","cores","of","these","stars",",","hydrogen","was","converted","into","helium","under","extreme","conditions","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After millions of years, the hydrogen became exhausted and the stars began dying.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":80,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["After","millions","of","years",",","the","hydrogen","became","exhausted","and","the","stars","began","dying","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Under super extreme conditions, all elements we know today were created a fraction of a second before they died and exploded in supernovas.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Under","super","extreme","conditions",",","all","elements","we","know","today","were","created","a","fraction","of","a","second","before","they","died","and","exploded","in","supernovas","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They shot most of their contents into space while the cores collapsed and became black holes.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["They","shot","most","of","their","contents","into","space","while","the","cores","collapsed","and","became","black","holes","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All these elements traveled through space for who knows how long,","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["All","these","elements","traveled","through","space","for","who","knows","how","long",","],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"until they arrived at a different cloud that was slowly forming a new star, our Sun.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["until","they","arrived","at","a","different","cloud","that","was","slowly","forming","a","new","star",",","our","Sun","."],"tags":[0,1,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These elements that once were the insides of a star formed planets and found their way onto Earth, where they enabled life to begin.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":71,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["These","elements","that","once","were","the","insides","of","a","star","formed","planets","and","found","their","way","onto","Earth",",","where","they","enabled","life","to","begin","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, we are directly connected to the first stars ever born in the universe.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So",",","we","are","directly","connected","to","the","first","stars","ever","born","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We are part of the universe.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","are","part","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The idea of being a deeply connected minuscule part of an enormous structure is really mind-blowing.","spans":[{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":78,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","idea","of","being","a","deeply","connected","minuscule","part","of","an","enormous","structure","is","really","mind","-","blowing","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We don't know what all this means, or if it means anything at all.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","what","all","this","means",",","or","if","it","means","anything","at","all","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We know that we are made of little parts that connect us to everything in the universe, to the beginning of everything.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","know","that","we","are","made","of","little","parts","that","connect","us","to","everything","in","the","universe",",","to","the","beginning","of","everything","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And this is kind of a nice thought.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","this","is","kind","of","a","nice","thought","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You are not alone.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","are","not","alone","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,0]}
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{"text":"This progress and all the wonderful machines you take for granted are built on a few rare and precious materials with names like terbium, neodymium, or tantalum.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":159,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":28,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["This","progress","and","all","the","wonderful","machines","you","take","for","granted","are","built","on","a","few","rare","and","precious","materials","with","names","like","terbium",",","neodymium",",","or","tantalum","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Getting these rare materials from the ground into your devices is ugly.","spans":[{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Getting","these","rare","materials","from","the","ground","into","your","devices","is","ugly","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The mining industry is responsible for air and water pollution and the destruction of entire landscapes.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":102,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","mining","industry","is","responsible","for","air","and","water","pollution","and","the","destruction","of","entire","landscapes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Dangerous chemicals like cyanide, sulfuric acid, or chlorine are used to extract the resources, harming biodiversity, workers, and locals.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":94,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Dangerous","chemicals","like","cyanide",",","sulfuric","acid",",","or","chlorine","are","used","to","extract","the","resources",",","harming","biodiversity",",","workers",",","and","locals","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And rare resources are also political tools when countries restrict access to them to get their way.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","rare","resources","are","also","political","tools","when","countries","restrict","access","to","them","to","get","their","way","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,13,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All we need to do is look up.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["All","we","need","to","do","is","look","up","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Asteroids are millions of trillions of tons of rocks, metals, and ice, leftovers from the cloud that became the planet 4.5 billion years ago.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":139,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":26,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Asteroids","are","millions","of","trillions","of","tons","of","rocks",",","metals",",","and","ice",",","leftovers","from","the","cloud","that","became","the","planet","4.5","billion","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They can be as small as a meter, or protoplanets the size of entire countries.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","can","be","as","small","as","a","meter",",","or","protoplanets","the","size","of","entire","countries","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Most of them are concentrated in the asteroid belt and the Kuiper belt, while hundreds of thousands more do their own thing between the planets.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":142,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Most","of","them","are","concentrated","in","the","asteroid","belt","and","the","Kuiper","belt",",","while","hundreds","of","thousands","more","do","their","own","thing","between","the","planets","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As space travel is becoming more feasible, scientists and economists have begun looking at the resources found in these asteroids.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":129,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","space","travel","is","becoming","more","feasible",",","scientists","and","economists","have","begun","looking","at","the","resources","found","in","these","asteroids","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Even relatively small metallic asteroids may contain trillions worth of industrial and precious metals like platinum.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":115,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Even","relatively","small","metallic","asteroids","may","contain","trillions","worth","of","industrial","and","precious","metals","like","platinum","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And bigger asteroids like 16 Psyche could contain enough iron-nickel to cover the world's metal needs for millions of years.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","bigger","asteroids","like","16","Psyche","could","contain","enough","iron","-","nickel","to","cover","the","world","'s","metal","needs","for","millions","of","years","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At current market prices, the rare raw materials alone would be worth quadrillions of dollars.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["At","current","market","prices",",","the","rare","raw","materials","alone","would","be","worth","quadrillions","of","dollars","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"For example, there are more than 20 million tons of gold in the ocean's water worth roughly 750 trillion US dollars,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":115,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":22,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["For","example",",","there","are","more","than","20","million","tons","of","gold","in","the","ocean","'s","water","worth","roughly","750","trillion","US","dollars",","],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"but filtering out the gold would be so expensive that you'd lose money selling it.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["but","filtering","out","the","gold","would","be","so","expensive","that","you","'d","lose","money","selling","it","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Right now, asteroid mining has exactly this problem.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Right","now",",","asteroid","mining","has","exactly","this","problem","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's too expensive to replace mining on Earth.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","too","expensive","to","replace","mining","on","Earth","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Billions of dollars worth of valuable resources in space are worthless if it costs trillions to get them.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Billions","of","dollars","worth","of","valuable","resources","in","space","are","worthless","if","it","costs","trillions","to","get","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What makes it so hard?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","makes","it","so","hard","?"],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"The principles behind mining an asteroid are simple.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","principles","behind","mining","an","asteroid","are","simple","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The basic idea is to choose an asteroid, move it to a place where it's easy to process, and then take it apart to turn into useful products.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":139,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":30,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","basic","idea","is","to","choose","an","asteroid",",","move","it","to","a","place","where","it","'s","easy","to","process",",","and","then","take","it","apart","to","turn","into","useful","products","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, all of this collides with fundamental problems humans have yet to solve.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","all","of","this","collides","with","fundamental","problems","humans","have","yet","to","solve","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Going to space is expensive.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Going","to","space","is","expensive","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It costs thousands of dollars in rocket fuel for each kilogram just to reach a low Earth orbit.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["It","costs","thousands","of","dollars","in","rocket","fuel","for","each","kilogram","just","to","reach","a","low","Earth","orbit","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Going further out into deep space costs thousands more.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Going","further","out","into","deep","space","costs","thousands","more","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"We need cheaper space travel to make asteroid mining profitable.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","need","cheaper","space","travel","to","make","asteroid","mining","profitable","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One solution is to switch from classical rockets to electric spaceships.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["One","solution","is","to","switch","from","classical","rockets","to","electric","spaceships","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We already use electrical rocket engines for many of the space probes on science missions.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","already","use","electrical","rocket","engines","for","many","of","the","space","probes","on","science","missions","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In principle, we only need to build bigger ones.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","principle",",","we","only","need","to","build","bigger","ones","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"While electrical engines are not powerful enough to fly to space, they require only a tiny amount of fuel to go very far once they're in space.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":19,"token_start":14},{"end":142,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":28,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["While","electrical","engines","are","not","powerful","enough","to","fly","to","space",",","they","require","only","a","tiny","amount","of","fuel","to","go","very","far","once","they","'re","in","space","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This means we don't need to spend a lot of money on fuel only to transport fuel into space.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","we","do","n't","need","to","spend","a","lot","of","money","on","fuel","only","to","transport","fuel","into","space","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This doesn't solve the whole cost problem, but it makes it easier to start our first mission.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["This","does","n't","solve","the","whole","cost","problem",",","but","it","makes","it","easier","to","start","our","first","mission","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Now that we have an electric asteroid mining spaceship, we need to find the right asteroid and get it there.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Now","that","we","have","an","electric","asteroid","mining","spaceship",",","we","need","to","find","the","right","asteroid","and","get","it","there","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We've already successfully visited asteroids with space probes and even collected samples.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","'ve","already","successfully","visited","asteroids","with","space","probes","and","even","collected","samples","."],"tags":[1,15,13,13,29,5,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Still, to make it easier and cheaper, our first targets will probably be near-Earth asteroids.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":71,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Still",",","to","make","it","easier","and","cheaper",",","our","first","targets","will","probably","be","near","-","Earth","asteroids","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"After a few months of travel, our spaceship finally arrives at our asteroid.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["After","a","few","months","of","travel",",","our","spaceship","finally","arrives","at","our","asteroid","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,13,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Weirdly formed, littered with small impact craters, it hasn't changed much for billions of years.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Weirdly","formed",",","littered","with","small","impact","craters",",","it","has","n't","changed","much","for","billions","of","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,29,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The first thing that needs to be done is to secure the asteroid and stop it from spinning.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","first","thing","that","needs","to","be","done","is","to","secure","the","asteroid","and","stop","it","from","spinning","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There are multiple ways to do this, like vaporizing material with a laser or stopping the rotation with thrusters.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":113,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","multiple","ways","to","do","this",",","like","vaporizing","material","with","a","laser","or","stopping","the","rotation","with","thrusters","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Once we have a stable asteroid, we need to wait.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Once","we","have","a","stable","asteroid",",","we","need","to","wait","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Orbital mechanics are complicated, but if you push something in the right direction at exactly the right moment, you can move very big things with very little force.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":164,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":29,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Orbital","mechanics","are","complicated",",","but","if","you","push","something","in","the","right","direction","at","exactly","the","right","moment",",","you","can","move","very","big","things","with","very","little","force","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So we wait for exactly the right moment.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","we","wait","for","exactly","the","right","moment","."],"tags":[13,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our ship fires its thrusters and nudges the asteroid into a trajectory that takes it near our moon.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Our","ship","fires","its","thrusters","and","nudges","the","asteroid","into","a","trajectory","that","takes","it","near","our","moon","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The moon is useful because we can borrow its gravitational pull to put the asteroid in a stable orbit around Earth, which saves even more fuel.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":26,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","moon","is","useful","because","we","can","borrow","its","gravitational","pull","to","put","the","asteroid","in","a","stable","orbit","around","Earth",",","which","saves","even","more","fuel","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Again, the trip takes months.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Again",",","the","trip","takes","months","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,25,5,0]}
{"text":"But all the time since our ship was launched has not been wasted.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","all","the","time","since","our","ship","was","launched","has","not","been","wasted","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,15,29,0]}
{"text":"The first space mining and processing equipment has been installed in orbit and is now carefully moving towards the asteroid.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":124,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":80,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","first","space","mining","and","processing","equipment","has","been","installed","in","orbit","and","is","now","carefully","moving","towards","the","asteroid","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The processor works very differently than on Earth.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","processor","works","very","differently","than","on","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Giant mirrors focus sunlight and heat up asteroid rock to boil out the gases.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Giant","mirrors","focus","sunlight","and","heat","up","asteroid","rock","to","boil","out","the","gases","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Grinders break up the dried rocks into gravel and dust, and centrifuges separate dents from light elements.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Grinders","break","up","the","dried","rocks","into","gravel","and","dust",",","and","centrifuges","separate","dents","from","light","elements","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Even if we only extract 0.01% of the asteroid's mass in precious metals, this is still several times more than you'd get from the same amount of ore on the ground.","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":79,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":161,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":34,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Even","if","we","only","extract","0.01","%","of","the","asteroid","'s","mass","in","precious","metals",",","this","is","still","several","times","more","than","you","'d","get","from","the","same","amount","of","ore","on","the","ground","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"How do we get our precious metals safely back to ground?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["How","do","we","get","our","precious","metals","safely","back","to","ground","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There are a few ways, like loading it into reusable rockets that return to Earth from space.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":91,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","a","few","ways",",","like","loading","it","into","reusable","rockets","that","return","to","Earth","from","space","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Or if our processor contains 3D printers, we can print a faster and cheaper delivery system.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Or","if","our","processor","contains","3D","printers",",","we","can","print","a","faster","and","cheaper","delivery","system","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"These can just be dropped into the oceans, where ships tow them away.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["These","can","just","be","dropped","into","the","oceans",",","where","ships","tow","them","away","."],"tags":[1,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This could be the starting point of humanity's first real steps towards colonizing the solar system.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","could","be","the","starting","point","of","humanity","'s","first","real","steps","towards","colonizing","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"As our infrastructure and experience grows, our missions get more and more sophisticated.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["As","our","infrastructure","and","experience","grows",",","our","missions","get","more","and","more","sophisticated","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Parts and fuel produced on asteroids don't have to be launched from Earth at all.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Parts","and","fuel","produced","on","asteroids","do","n't","have","to","be","launched","from","Earth","at","all","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,17,18,15,29,13,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The first mining operation makes the second one easier, and so on.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","first","mining","operation","makes","the","second","one","easier",",","and","so","on","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,33,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"While the space industry grows and precious materials become cheaper, eventually we could stop mining on Earth.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":94,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":90,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["While","the","space","industry","grows","and","precious","materials","become","cheaper",",","eventually","we","could","stop","mining","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Even the idea of toxic mining down here might become something weird and anachronistic, like having an open fire in your living room.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Even","the","idea","of","toxic","mining","down","here","might","become","something","weird","and","anachronistic",",","like","having","an","open","fire","in","your","living","room","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Landscapes ravaged by pollution will heal, while the technological wonders we're used to get cheaper and less toxic to make.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Landscapes","ravaged","by","pollution","will","heal",",","while","the","technological","wonders","we","'re","used","to","get","cheaper","and","less","toxic","to","make","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"None of this is science fiction.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["None","of","this","is","science","fiction","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"We don't need fancy materials or new physics to make asteroid mining happen.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","need","fancy","materials","or","new","physics","to","make","asteroid","mining","happen","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We could start building this future today.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","could","start","building","this","future","today","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,13,0]}
{"text":"All we need is an initial push.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["All","we","need","is","an","initial","push","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Maybe you could also use a little nudge.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Maybe","you","could","also","use","a","little","nudge","."],"tags":[13,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let us give you some tailwind there.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","us","give","you","some","tailwind","there","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"We partnered with Skillshare, an online learning community with thousands of classes in all kinds of creative skills like graphic design, music, photography, illustration, and animation.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":184,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":30,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","partnered","with","Skillshare",",","an","online","learning","community","with","thousands","of","classes","in","all","kinds","of","creative","skills","like","graphic","design",",","music",",","photography",",","illustration",",","and","animation","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They have something for every skill level, so no matter from where you're starting, there'll be tons of things for you to explore.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":129,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":26,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","have","something","for","every","skill","level",",","so","no","matter","from","where","you","'re","starting",",","there","'ll","be","tons","of","things","for","you","to","explore","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you'd like to take a glimpse behind the scenes of our animations,","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["If","you","'d","like","to","take","a","glimpse","behind","the","scenes","of","our","animations",","],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"for example, we've made a couple of Skillshare classes that teach you how we animated scenes from our videos with video lessons, classes, and hands-on projects.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":158,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":31,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["for","example",",","we","'ve","made","a","couple","of","Skillshare","classes","that","teach","you","how","we","animated","scenes","from","our","videos","with","video","lessons",",","classes",",","and","hands","-","on","projects","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Or if you'd rather come up with your own characters to breathe life into, we recommend Character Illustration, from concept to final artwork, by Matt Kaufenberg.","spans":[{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":14,"token_start":1},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":77,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":160,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":29,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Or","if","you","'d","rather","come","up","with","your","own","characters","to","breathe","life","into",",","we","recommend","Character","Illustration",",","from","concept","to","final","artwork",",","by","Matt","Kaufenberg","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But it doesn't really matter what you pick as long as you get started, improve your skills, and have some fun.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","it","does","n't","really","matter","what","you","pick","as","long","as","you","get","started",",","improve","your","skills",",","and","have","some","fun","."],"tags":[0,3,15,37,13,19,1,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Unlimited access to all classes is only $10 a month with an annual premium membership.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Unlimited","access","to","all","classes","is","only","$","10","a","month","with","an","annual","premium","membership","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But we have a treat for the first 1,000 Kurzgesagt viewers to click the link in the description.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","we","have","a","treat","for","the","first","1,000","Kurzgesagt","viewers","to","click","the","link","in","the","description","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You'll get a two-month trial for free.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["You","'ll","get","a","two","-","month","trial","for","free","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If you want to leave your comfort zone by exploring new skills and support Kurzgesagt, give it a try.","spans":[{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":87,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":93,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":99,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":19,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","leave","your","comfort","zone","by","exploring","new","skills","and","support","Kurzgesagt",",","give","it","a","try","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,9,7,8,0]}
{"text":"Absolutely everything you think about yourself and the universe could be an illusion.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Absolutely","everything","you","think","about","yourself","and","the","universe","could","be","an","illusion","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"As far as you know, you are real and exist in a universe that was born 14 billion years ago and that gave rise to galaxies, stars, the Earth, and finally you.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":157,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":35,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["As","far","as","you","know",",","you","are","real","and","exist","in","a","universe","that","was","born","14","billion","years","ago","and","that","gave","rise","to","galaxies",",","stars",",","the","Earth",",","and","finally","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"You may actually not exist for real, but be the dream of a dead universe.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["You","may","actually","not","exist","for","real",",","but","be","the","dream","of","a","dead","universe","."],"tags":[1,15,13,37,19,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Crazy as it sounds, this may be an unavoidable consequence of our best scientific theories about the universe.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":108,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Crazy","as","it","sounds",",","this","may","be","an","unavoidable","consequence","of","our","best","scientific","theories","about","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Okay, this is a bit much.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Okay",",","this","is","a","bit","much","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's start at the beginning.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","start","at","the","beginning","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"We need to understand three concepts for this idea to make sense.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","need","to","understand","three","concepts","for","this","idea","to","make","sense","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What distinguishes the past from the future?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","distinguishes","the","past","from","the","future","?"],"tags":[1,25,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Put a drop of red ink into a glass of water and you see the ink spread until it fills the container, but never the opposite.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":26,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Put","a","drop","of","red","ink","into","a","glass","of","water","and","you","see","the","ink","spread","until","it","fills","the","container",",","but","never","the","opposite","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Time always seems to flow in the direction in which the ink spreads.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Time","always","seems","to","flow","in","the","direction","in","which","the","ink","spreads","."],"tags":[1,13,17,18,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But if you take a microscope, all you will see will be a swarm of molecules colliding at random.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","if","you","take","a","microscope",",","all","you","will","see","will","be","a","swarm","of","molecules","colliding","at","random","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There are no rules, no forwards and backwards.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","no","rules",",","no","forwards","and","backwards","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Every individual motion that happens can occur in reverse.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Every","individual","motion","that","happens","can","occur","in","reverse","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But we perceive a sort of arrow of time that makes things happen in one direction.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","we","perceive","a","sort","of","arrow","of","time","that","makes","things","happen","in","one","direction","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"How does this phenomenon occur?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["How","does","this","phenomenon","occur","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,19,0]}
{"text":"Well, this arrow of time is not actually fundamental, but a matter of probability.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Well",",","this","arrow","of","time","is","not","actually","fundamental",",","but","a","matter","of","probability","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"When ink molecules spread to fill a glass, there are many different slots of space they can occupy, and therefore many different possibilities to combine them.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":158,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":27,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["When","ink","molecules","spread","to","fill","a","glass",",","there","are","many","different","slots","of","space","they","can","occupy",",","and","therefore","many","different","possibilities","to","combine","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"the probability that ink molecules will end up filling the glass is much higher than the probability that they'll concentrate in just one spot.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":141,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":24,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["the","probability","that","ink","molecules","will","end","up","filling","the","glass","is","much","higher","than","the","probability","that","they","'ll","concentrate","in","just","one","spot","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So it's not that the ink forming a drop again is forbidden by the laws of physics, it's just extremely unlikely.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","it","'s","not","that","the","ink","forming","a","drop","again","is","forbidden","by","the","laws","of","physics",",","it","'s","just","extremely","unlikely","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"To see it, you'd have to wait about 10 to the power of 106 billion years, a 1 followed by 106 billion zeros.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":25,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","see","it",",","you","'d","have","to","wait","about","10","to","the","power","of","106","billion","years",",","a","1","followed","by","106","billion","zeros","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,17,18,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you had this much time to spare, eventually, by pure random chance, you'd see a red blob form again.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":77,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":21,"token_start":19},{"end":102,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":23,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["If","you","had","this","much","time","to","spare",",","eventually",",","by","pure","random","chance",",","you","'d","see","a","red","blob","form","again","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Actually, with enough time, you could see any shape forming, like, for example, a small, red, soggy brain.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Actually",",","with","enough","time",",","you","could","see","any","shape","forming",",","like",",","for","example",",","a","small",",","red",",","soggy","brain","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,33,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Okay, let's move on to idea 2.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Okay",",","let","'s","move","on","to","idea","2","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Our universe was born 14 billion years ago in the Big Bang.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Our","universe","was","born","14","billion","years","ago","in","the","Big","Bang","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It expanded and evolved to give rise to the myriads of galaxies and things.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":16,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","expanded","and","evolved","to","give","rise","to","the","myriads","of","galaxies","and","things","."],"tags":[1,23,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In other words, the universe is kind of a glass of water with a lot of ink doing stuff.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","other","words",",","the","universe","is","kind","of","a","glass","of","water","with","a","lot","of","ink","doing","stuff","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It has an arrow of time.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","has","an","arrow","of","time","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But the universe is not a static glass, it seems to be getting bigger at an ever-increasing speed because of dark energy.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":20,"token_start":15},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":24,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["But","the","universe","is","not","a","static","glass",",","it","seems","to","be","getting","bigger","at","an","ever","-","increasing","speed","because","of","dark","energy","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,17,18,15,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Basically, everything in it is getting more and more diluted.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Basically",",","everything","in","it","is","getting","more","and","more","diluted","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In about 100 trillion years, the last star will die.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","about","100","trillion","years",",","the","last","star","will","die","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"Then, few interesting things will happen for the next few decillions, vantillions, and googles of years.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Then",",","few","interesting","things","will","happen","for","the","next","few","decillions",",","vantillions",",","and","googles","of","years","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Eventually, the universe will be a dark place fully dominated by dark energy, a rapidly expanding ball of pure space almost devoid of matter.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":139,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":25,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Eventually",",","the","universe","will","be","a","dark","place","fully","dominated","by","dark","energy",",","a","rapidly","expanding","ball","of","pure","space","almost","devoid","of","matter","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You might think that this would lead to the ultimate death of everything, but dark energy has one last surprise for you.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":12,"token_start":3},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["You","might","think","that","this","would","lead","to","the","ultimate","death","of","everything",",","but","dark","energy","has","one","last","surprise","for","you","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In a universe dominated by dark energy, space expands so dramatically that it creates a cosmic horizon around you,","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","a","universe","dominated","by","dark","energy",",","space","expands","so","dramatically","that","it","creates","a","cosmic","horizon","around","you",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So for every practical purpose, the universe has become a glass of finite size about 36 billion light-years wide surrounded by an impassable cosmic horizon.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":155,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":27,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","for","every","practical","purpose",",","the","universe","has","become","a","glass","of","finite","size","about","36","billion","light","-","years","wide","surrounded","by","an","impassable","cosmic","horizon","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Such a universe glass is basically a giant black hole turned inside out.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Such","a","universe","glass","is","basically","a","giant","black","hole","turned","inside","out","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We know that due to quantum effects, all black holes emit a tiny amount of particles, a phenomenon known as Hawking radiation.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":125,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","know","that","due","to","quantum","effects",",","all","black","holes","emit","a","tiny","amount","of","particles",",","a","phenomenon","known","as","Hawking","radiation","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And so does our inside-out black hole.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","so","does","our","inside","-","out","black","hole","."],"tags":[0,13,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In the end, this radiation will fill the universe glass with particles again.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","this","radiation","will","fill","the","universe","glass","with","particles","again","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,13,0]}
{"text":"At this point, so far in the future that giving you a number has no more meaning, we've reached the true final state.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":17,"token_start":4},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":95,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":88,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":116,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":25,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["At","this","point",",","so","far","in","the","future","that","giving","you","a","number","has","no","more","meaning",",","we","'ve","reached","the","true","final","state","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The universe has now become a closed box full of particles at an extremely low but finite temperature.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","universe","has","now","become","a","closed","box","full","of","particles","at","an","extremely","low","but","finite","temperature","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And since they have a temperature, they undergo random motions.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","since","they","have","a","temperature",",","they","undergo","random","motions","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Things are about to become interesting again.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Things","are","about","to","become","interesting","again","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Eternity is a long, long time.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Eternity","is","a","long",",","long","time","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So now, even the most extremely unlikely things can happen.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","now",",","even","the","most","extremely","unlikely","things","can","happen","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"The fluctuating particles are bumping into each other over and over and over again, creating every combination of particles that's possible.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":138,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","fluctuating","particles","are","bumping","into","each","other","over","and","over","and","over","again",",","creating","every","combination","of","particles","that","'s","possible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,27,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They're like a monkey typing at random on a typewriter.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","'re","like","a","monkey","typing","at","random","on","a","typewriter","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Almost all of the time it types gibberish.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Almost","all","of","the","time","it","types","gibberish","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,1,25,5,0]}
{"text":"But with enough time, eventually it will write the first acts of Hamlet.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","with","enough","time",",","eventually","it","will","write","the","first","acts","of","Hamlet","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,13,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If ink in our universe glass generates any random arrangements of particles, what could they be?","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":91,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":94,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":93,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","ink","in","our","universe","glass","generates","any","random","arrangements","of","particles",",","what","could","they","be","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,15,1,21,0]}
{"text":"Well, a spontaneous fluctuation could give rise to a planet, or to a galaxy, or even to a lot of them.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":101,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Well",",","a","spontaneous","fluctuation","could","give","rise","to","a","planet",",","or","to","a","galaxy",",","or","even","to","a","lot","of","them","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,15,31,32,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So maybe our universe has already ended, and all we see around us is a pop-up universe.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","maybe","our","universe","has","already","ended",",","and","all","we","see","around","us","is","a","pop","-","up","universe","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,15,13,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And that, like the drop of ink, will only exist for a while before dissolving again.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","that",",","like","the","drop","of","ink",",","will","only","exist","for","a","while","before","dissolving","again","."],"tags":[0,1,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,15,13,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Being random, pop-up universes could be similar to ours, but with funny glitches.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Being","random",",","pop","-","up","universes","could","be","similar","to","ours",",","but","with","funny","glitches","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In some of these universes, dinosaurs are riding snails.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","some","of","these","universes",",","dinosaurs","are","riding","snails","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,0]}
{"text":"In another, stars are made of blueberries.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","another",",","stars","are","made","of","blueberries","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,29,35,36,0]}
{"text":"In another, you're wearing a funny hat.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","another",",","you","'re","wearing","a","funny","hat","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Scientists in such universes wouldn't understand those glitches, so maybe the greatest mysteries of physics are just nonsense bugs of our pop-up universe.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":153,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":26,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Scientists","in","such","universes","would","n't","understand","those","glitches",",","so","maybe","the","greatest","mysteries","of","physics","are","just","nonsense","bugs","of","our","pop","-","up","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But not all possible fluctuations of our dead universe have the same probability of occurring.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","not","all","possible","fluctuations","of","our","dead","universe","have","the","same","probability","of","occurring","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Smaller fluctuations are much more probable than bigger ones.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Smaller","fluctuations","are","much","more","probable","than","bigger","ones","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A planet is more likely than a galaxy.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["A","planet","is","more","likely","than","a","galaxy","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But you know what's even way more likely?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","you","know","what","'s","even","way","more","likely","?"],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Are you actually just a brain?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Are","you","actually","just","a","brain","?"],"tags":[21,1,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You think, therefore, you exist.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["You","think",",","therefore",",","you","exist","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,1,19,0]}
{"text":"But what else do you truly know?","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","what","else","do","you","truly","know","?"],"tags":[0,5,6,15,1,13,19,0]}
{"text":"In the end, your brain is just interpreting signals from your senses and creating a world that you experience.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","your","brain","is","just","interpreting","signals","from","your","senses","and","creating","a","world","that","you","experience","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,13,27,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So technically, you could be just your brain that thinks the world is real.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","technically",",","you","could","be","just","your","brain","that","thinks","the","world","is","real","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And if we follow the logic of the ink in the universe class, in particular, you could be a disembodied brain that,","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":88,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":86,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":113,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":23,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["And","if","we","follow","the","logic","of","the","ink","in","the","universe","class",",","in","particular",",","you","could","be","a","disembodied","brain","that",","],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This is a pretty bizarre idea, but if we do the maths, it's kind of pretty solid.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":80,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","is","a","pretty","bizarre","idea",",","but","if","we","do","the","maths",",","it","'s","kind","of","pretty","solid","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Let's compare the number of brains inside bodies in a living universe with the number of naked brains in a dead universe.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":120,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","compare","the","number","of","brains","inside","bodies","in","a","living","universe","with","the","number","of","naked","brains","in","a","dead","universe","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Let's go really big and imagine that a total of 100 quadrillion humans will live around Earth and that the same amount of people will live around every star in the universe.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":172,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":32,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","go","really","big","and","imagine","that","a","total","of","100","quadrillion","humans","will","live","around","Earth","and","that","the","same","amount","of","people","will","live","around","every","star","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"If we add this together, we get about 10 to the power of 41 brains inside bodies that will exist.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","we","add","this","together",",","we","get","about","10","to","the","power","of","41","brains","inside","bodies","that","will","exist","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"However, in a dead universe that has had enough time to explore all possible fluctuations and that will exist forever,","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":15,"token_start":9},{"end":117,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":94,"token_end":20,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["However",",","in","a","dead","universe","that","has","had","enough","time","to","explore","all","possible","fluctuations","and","that","will","exist","forever",","],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"the number of naked brains that would emerge is, well, infinite.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["the","number","of","naked","brains","that","would","emerge","is",",","well",",","infinite","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,0,0,0,11,0]}
{"text":"So the probability that you're a floating brain is not only vastly larger than the probability that you're a real human,","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":119,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","the","probability","that","you","'re","a","floating","brain","is","not","only","vastly","larger","than","the","probability","that","you","'re","a","real","human",","],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,0,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"it's so inconceivably larger that we can't even meaningfully quantify the difference.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["it","'s","so","inconceivably","larger","that","we","ca","n't","even","meaningfully","quantify","the","difference","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"How do you compare a number to infinity?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["How","do","you","compare","a","number","to","infinity","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"So, are you a floating brain that exists for one moment in time, then basically forever passes, and then you exist for another moment in time?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":13,"token_start":4},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":18,"token_start":16},{"end":141,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":105,"token_end":28,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["So",",","are","you","a","floating","brain","that","exists","for","one","moment","in","time",",","then","basically","forever","passes",",","and","then","you","exist","for","another","moment","in","time","?"],"tags":[0,0,21,1,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,0,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Maybe your life happens backwards and you just don't notice.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Maybe","your","life","happens","backwards","and","you","just","do","n't","notice","."],"tags":[13,1,2,25,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Maybe you've lived trillions of times already.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Maybe","you","'ve","lived","trillions","of","times","already","."],"tags":[13,1,15,29,13,14,14,13,0]}
{"text":"Are you the dream of a dead universe?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Are","you","the","dream","of","a","dead","universe","?"],"tags":[21,1,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"First of all, there are a few loopholes.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["First","of","all",",","there","are","a","few","loopholes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"For example, dark energy could behave completely differently from what we think today and lead us to another future.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":115,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":90,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["For","example",",","dark","energy","could","behave","completely","differently","from","what","we","think","today","and","lead","us","to","another","future","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Or maybe our dead universe will be too motionless to allow the creation of brains, even with infinite time.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Or","maybe","our","dead","universe","will","be","too","motionless","to","allow","the","creation","of","brains",",","even","with","infinite","time","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Or maybe the universe will end up dying in another way.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Or","maybe","the","universe","will","end","up","dying","in","another","way","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our understanding of the cosmos doesn't have a solid enough foundation for anyone to worry if they're real or not.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Our","understanding","of","the","cosmos","does","n't","have","a","solid","enough","foundation","for","anyone","to","worry","if","they","'re","real","or","not","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Loopholes aside, if you were a fluctuating brain, all the laws of physics stored in your brain would have originated at random and shouldn't bear any relation to the real world.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":18,"token_start":10},{"end":100,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":95,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":105,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":101,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":116,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":106,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":117,"token_end":23,"token_start":22},{"end":176,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":131,"token_end":33,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["Loopholes","aside",",","if","you","were","a","fluctuating","brain",",","all","the","laws","of","physics","stored","in","your","brain","would","have","originated","at","random","and","should","n't","bear","any","relation","to","the","real","world","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But we just used those laws to prove that you're a floating brain.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","we","just","used","those","laws","to","prove","that","you","'re","a","floating","brain","."],"tags":[0,1,13,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So even if you believe that you are a floating brain, you'd have to admit that you have no good reason to believe that you are actually a floating brain.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":67,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":152,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":31,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["So","even","if","you","believe","that","you","are","a","floating","brain",",","you","'d","have","to","admit","that","you","have","no","good","reason","to","believe","that","you","are","actually","a","floating","brain","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Hmm, okay, so this hallucinatory trip might teach us something about our theories about the universe.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":100,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Hmm",",","okay",",","so","this","hallucinatory","trip","might","teach","us","something","about","our","theories","about","the","universe","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,1,2,2,15,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"But in the end, it's just a really weird exercise in what you can do with physics.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","in","the","end",",","it","'s","just","a","really","weird","exercise","in","what","you","can","do","with","physics","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So don't worry.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","do","n't","worry","."],"tags":[0,15,37,19,0]}
{"text":"You're not a dream of the dead universe.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","'re","not","a","dream","of","the","dead","universe","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"At Kurzgesagt, we love discussing topics like Bortzmann brains","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["At","Kurzgesagt",",","we","love","discussing","topics","like","Bortzmann","brains"],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6]}
{"text":"because we're convinced that taking science and philosophy seriously is really important for having a positive impact on the world.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":130,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["because","we","'re","convinced","that","taking","science","and","philosophy","seriously","is","really","important","for","having","a","positive","impact","on","the","world","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We're lucky because this is our job.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'re","lucky","because","this","is","our","job","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Doing something impactful, we also enjoy.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Doing","something","impactful",",","we","also","enjoy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,19,0]}
{"text":"If you're also aiming to make a positive difference, where should you start?","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","also","aiming","to","make","a","positive","difference",",","where","should","you","start","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"Well, we've noticed a lot of advice about having a positive impact isn't based on the best available evidence.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Well",",","we","'ve","noticed","a","lot","of","advice","about","having","a","positive","impact","is","n't","based","on","the","best","available","evidence","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Today's sponsor, 80,000 Hours, aims to offer some that is.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Today","'s","sponsor",",","80,000","Hours",",","aims","to","offer","some","that","is","."],"tags":[1,2,2,0,39,40,0,25,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"80,000 Hours is a non-profit career advice organization that wants to help people find fulfilling careers that also do a lot of good in the world.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":144,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":27,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["80,000","Hours","is","a","non","-","profit","career","advice","organization","that","wants","to","help","people","find","fulfilling","careers","that","also","do","a","lot","of","good","in","the","world","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And their advice is free to read online without any hidden cost or fee later on.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","their","advice","is","free","to","read","online","without","any","hidden","cost","or","fee","later","on","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They've spent the last decade compiling and conducting research into topics like how much impact can one person actually have?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":124,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","'ve","spent","the","last","decade","compiling","and","conducting","research","into","topics","like","how","much","impact","can","one","person","actually","have","?"],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"And what are the best ways to make a positive difference on important global issues?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","what","are","the","best","ways","to","make","a","positive","difference","on","important","global","issues","?"],"tags":[0,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And like us, they care a lot about making sure their work is based on the best available evidence and consultation with experts.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":127,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":29,"token_end":23,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","like","us",",","they","care","a","lot","about","making","sure","their","work","is","based","on","the","best","available","evidence","and","consultation","with","experts","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,19,13,14,35,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,0]}
{"text":"You can read their main takeaways and actionable advice in their free online career guide that's recently got a massive update for 2023.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":134,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["You","can","read","their","main","takeaways","and","actionable","advice","in","their","free","online","career","guide","that","'s","recently","got","a","massive","update","for","2023","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you'd like to read it for yourself and start working towards a career that's both meaningful and helps solve one of the world's most pressing problems,","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":153,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":29,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["If","you","'d","like","to","read","it","for","yourself","and","start","working","towards","a","career","that","'s","both","meaningful","and","helps","solve","one","of","the","world","'s","most","pressing","problems",","],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"then you can find it all completely free at 80,000Hours.org\/kurzgesagt.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["then","you","can","find","it","all","completely","free","at","80,000Hours.org","\/","kurzgesagt","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,33,34,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our home is burning.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Our","home","is","burning","."],"tags":[1,2,15,27,0]}
{"text":"Rapid climate change is destabilizing our world.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Rapid","climate","change","is","destabilizing","our","world","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,27,5,6,0]}
{"text":"It seems our emissions will not fall quickly enough to avoid runaway warming,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","seems","our","emissions","will","not","fall","quickly","enough","to","avoid","runaway","warming",","],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"and we may soon hit tipping points that will lead to the collapse of ecosystems and our civilization.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["and","we","may","soon","hit","tipping","points","that","will","lead","to","the","collapse","of","ecosystems","and","our","civilization","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"While scientists, activists, and much of the younger generation urge action, it appears most politicians are not committed to doing anything meaningful,","spans":[{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":79,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":87,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":151,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":24,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["While","scientists",",","activists",",","and","much","of","the","younger","generation","urge","action",",","it","appears","most","politicians","are","not","committed","to","doing","anything","meaningful",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"while the fossil fuel industry still works actively against change.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["while","the","fossil","fuel","industry","still","works","actively","against","change","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,13,25,13,13,14,0]}
{"text":"It seems humanity can't overcome its greed and obsession with short-term profit and personal gain to save itself.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":112,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","seems","humanity","ca","n't","overcome","its","greed","and","obsession","with","short","-","term","profit","and","personal","gain","to","save","itself","."],"tags":[1,25,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And so for many, the future looks grim and hopeless.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","so","for","many",",","the","future","looks","grim","and","hopeless","."],"tags":[0,13,13,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Young people feel particularly anxious and depressed.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Young","people","feel","particularly","anxious","and","depressed","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Instead of looking ahead to a lifetime of opportunity, they wonder if they will even have a future, or if they should bring kids into this world.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":144,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":28,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Instead","of","looking","ahead","to","a","lifetime","of","opportunity",",","they","wonder","if","they","will","even","have","a","future",",","or","if","they","should","bring","kids","into","this","world","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's an age of doom and hopelessness, and giving up seems the only sensible thing to do.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","'s","an","age","of","doom","and","hopelessness",",","and","giving","up","seems","the","only","sensible","thing","to","do","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But that's not true.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","that","'s","not","true","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"You are not doomed.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","are","not","doomed","."],"tags":[1,15,37,29,0]}
{"text":"Humanity is not doomed.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Humanity","is","not","doomed","."],"tags":[1,15,37,29,0]}
{"text":"Despite the seriousness of the situation, for years, positive trends have accumulated, and there is finally some good news and a clear path towards our collective climate goals.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":176,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":91,"token_end":30,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Despite","the","seriousness","of","the","situation",",","for","years",",","positive","trends","have","accumulated",",","and","there","is","finally","some","good","news","and","a","clear","path","towards","our","collective","climate","goals","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,0,1,2,15,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Welcome to our TED Talk.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Welcome","to","our","TED","Talk","."],"tags":[19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Please watch this video to the end, check out our detailed sources afterwards to learn more.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Please","watch","this","video","to","the","end",",","check","out","our","detailed","sources","afterwards","to","learn","more","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,31,32,5,6,6,13,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Okay, let's start with the scariest things.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Okay",",","let","'s","start","with","the","scariest","things","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Some of the most widely shared stories about climate change are that it is an existential threat,","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Some","of","the","most","widely","shared","stories","about","climate","change","are","that","it","is","an","existential","threat",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But what does science actually say?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","what","does","science","actually","say","?"],"tags":[0,5,15,1,13,19,0]}
{"text":"As of 2022, the global average temperature has risen 1.2 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial times.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","of","2022",",","the","global","average","temperature","has","risen","1.2","degrees","Celsius","compared","to","pre","-","industrial","times","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Limiting warming to 1.5 degrees was the most ambitious goal of the Paris Agreement, but we are not likely to meet it.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":88,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Limiting","warming","to","1.5","degrees","was","the","most","ambitious","goal","of","the","Paris","Agreement",",","but","we","are","not","likely","to","meet","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Already with the warming we have today, hot places will get hotter, wet places wetter, and the risk and strength of extreme weather events increase significantly.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":161,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":91,"token_end":28,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Already","with","the","warming","we","have","today",",","hot","places","will","get","hotter",",","wet","places","wetter",",","and","the","risk","and","strength","of","extreme","weather","events","increase","significantly","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,0,41,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Warming beyond 2 degrees makes all of these extremes more extreme.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Warming","beyond","2","degrees","makes","all","of","these","extremes","more","extreme","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Some will not survive.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","will","not","survive","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,0]}
{"text":"At 3 degrees, significant parts of Earth, especially in developing countries, might become unable to feed their populations.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":12,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":90,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":123,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["At","3","degrees",",","significant","parts","of","Earth",",","especially","in","developing","countries",",","might","become","unable","to","feed","their","populations","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Heat waves will become a major global issue.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Heat","waves","will","become","a","major","global","issue","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Large-scale natural systems will break down.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Large","-","scale","natural","systems","will","break","down","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,31,32,0]}
{"text":"The scale and frequency of hurricanes, fires, and droughts will further increase and cause trillions in damage.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":85,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","scale","and","frequency","of","hurricanes",",","fires",",","and","droughts","will","further","increase","and","cause","trillions","in","damage","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Poor regions and subsistence farmers will be hit the hardest.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Poor","regions","and","subsistence","farmers","will","be","hit","the","hardest","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Hundreds of millions of people will need to leave their homes.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Hundreds","of","millions","of","people","will","need","to","leave","their","homes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In the 4-8 degree range, the apocalypse begins.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","the","4","-","8","degree","range",",","the","apocalypse","begins","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,0]}
{"text":"A decade ago, for lack of action and perspective, many scientists assumed a 4-plus degree world was our future,","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["A","decade","ago",",","for","lack","of","action","and","perspective",",","many","scientists","assumed","a","4","-","plus","degree","world","was","our","future",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"and a lot of public communication focused on exactly this future path.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["and","a","lot","of","public","communication","focused","on","exactly","this","future","path","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Luckily, it's much less likely that this version of the apocalypse will come to pass.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Luckily",",","it","'s","much","less","likely","that","this","version","of","the","apocalypse","will","come","to","pass","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"If current climate policies stagnate, we're likely to end up with warming of around 3 degrees Celsius by 2100.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":18,"token_start":12},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":20,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","current","climate","policies","stagnate",",","we","'re","likely","to","end","up","with","warming","of","around","3","degrees","Celsius","by","2100","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,18,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But this is actually good news.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","this","is","actually","good","news","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"In the last decade, we've seen enough progress that most scientists now think that we have likely avoided apocalyptic climate change.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":131,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","the","last","decade",",","we","'ve","seen","enough","progress","that","most","scientists","now","think","that","we","have","likely","avoided","apocalyptic","climate","change","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Although substantial risk still remains, we can pretty confidently say that humanity isn't going anywhere.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":67,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Although","substantial","risk","still","remains",",","we","can","pretty","confidently","say","that","humanity","is","n't","going","anywhere","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,14,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Civilization might have to change, but it will endure.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Civilization","might","have","to","change",",","but","it","will","endure","."],"tags":[1,15,17,18,19,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Which begs the question, what has changed over the last 10 years, and is this really good news?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Which","begs","the","question",",","what","has","changed","over","the","last","10","years",",","and","is","this","really","good","news","?"],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"You probably know this story.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","probably","know","this","story","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The last decade has been an immense failure for climate policies around the world.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","last","decade","has","been","an","immense","failure","for","climate","policies","around","the","world","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Instead of passing comprehensive, binding bills that would meaningfully reduce emissions, we mostly did nothing.","spans":[{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":91,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":102,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":100,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Instead","of","passing","comprehensive",",","binding","bills","that","would","meaningfully","reduce","emissions",",","we","mostly","did","nothing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,23,5,0]}
{"text":"And this story is true, and it's one reason why so many people are giving up.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","this","story","is","true",",","and","it","'s","one","reason","why","so","many","people","are","giving","up","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But it is not the whole picture.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","is","not","the","whole","picture","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Despite the lack of climate policies and ongoing lobbying and misinformation campaigns from the fossil fuel industries, there was a lot of progress.","spans":[{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":125,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":120,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":129,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":126,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":147,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":130,"token_end":23,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Despite","the","lack","of","climate","policies","and","ongoing","lobbying","and","misinformation","campaigns","from","the","fossil","fuel","industries",",","there","was","a","lot","of","progress","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Let's go back 20 years to see why today is so different.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Let","'s","go","back","20","years","to","see","why","today","is","so","different","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Between 2000 and 2010, greenhouse gas emissions had grown by 24%, three times as much as the increase in the previous decade.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Between","2000","and","2010",",","greenhouse","gas","emissions","had","grown","by","24","%",",","three","times","as","much","as","the","increase","in","the","previous","decade","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,21,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Subsidies for fossil fuels aimed at promoting economic growth caused a colossal increase in their consumption.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":62,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Subsidies","for","fossil","fuels","aimed","at","promoting","economic","growth","caused","a","colossal","increase","in","their","consumption","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For developing countries like China and India, coal was the cheapest fuel for growth, while rich countries showed little interest in changing their ways.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":151,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":25,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["For","developing","countries","like","China","and","India",",","coal","was","the","cheapest","fuel","for","growth",",","while","rich","countries","showed","little","interest","in","changing","their","ways","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In 2010, many people expected these trends to continue.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","2010",",","many","people","expected","these","trends","to","continue","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Instead of decreasing fossil fuel use, its consumption would rise.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":61,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Instead","of","decreasing","fossil","fuel","use",",","its","consumption","would","rise","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"The next decade turned out to be very different, though.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","next","decade","turned","out","to","be","very","different",",","though","."],"tags":[1,2,2,31,32,33,34,34,34,0,13,0]}
{"text":"First of all, coal burning in developing countries like India has slowed down or leveled off, like in China.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["First","of","all",",","coal","burning","in","developing","countries","like","India","has","slowed","down","or","leveled","off",",","like","in","China","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,31,32,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And it's plummeted in rich countries like the UK and US.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","it","'s","plummeted","in","rich","countries","like","the","UK","and","US","."],"tags":[0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Since 2015, three quarters of planned coal plants have been cancelled, and 44 countries have committed to stop building them.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":124,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Since","2015",",","three","quarters","of","planned","coal","plants","have","been","cancelled",",","and","44","countries","have","committed","to","stop","building","them","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"10 years ago, that would have seemed like wishful thinking.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["10","years","ago",",","that","would","have","seemed","like","wishful","thinking","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But today we can say with confidence, coal is dying.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","today","we","can","say","with","confidence",",","coal","is","dying","."],"tags":[0,13,1,15,19,13,14,0,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's just not competitive anymore.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","'s","just","not","competitive","anymore","."],"tags":[1,21,13,37,11,13,0]}
{"text":"Because technologies we thought would remain expensive, matured rapidly instead.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":56,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Because","technologies","we","thought","would","remain","expensive",",","matured","rapidly","instead","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,0,23,13,13,0]}
{"text":"Renewable electricity has shown explosive progress.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Renewable","electricity","has","shown","explosive","progress","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,5,6,0]}
{"text":"In a mere decade, wind energy got three times cheaper.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","a","mere","decade",",","wind","energy","got","three","times","cheaper","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Solar electricity is now 10 times cheaper.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Solar","electricity","is","now","10","times","cheaper","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"25 times more solar and nearly 5 times more wind electricity is produced today compared with 10 years ago, which is of course not nearly enough.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["25","times","more","solar","and","nearly","5","times","more","wind","electricity","is","produced","today","compared","with","10","years","ago",",","which","is","of","course","not","nearly","enough","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"One of the biggest obstacles is the variability of their power output.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["One","of","the","biggest","obstacles","is","the","variability","of","their","power","output","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Renewables need a lot of energy storage to be a reliable power source, like expensive batteries.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":95,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Renewables","need","a","lot","of","energy","storage","to","be","a","reliable","power","source",",","like","expensive","batteries","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Amazingly, battery prices have decreased by 97% in the past 30 years, 60% in the last decade alone, which will serve all kinds of green technology like electric cars.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Amazingly",",","battery","prices","have","decreased","by","97","%","in","the","past","30","years",",","60","%","in","the","last","decade","alone",",","which","will","serve","all","kinds","of","green","technology","like","electric","cars","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"You might say, well, that's great.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","might","say",",","well",",","that","'s","great","."],"tags":[1,15,19,0,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But didn't Kurzgesagt's last climate video say that while wind and solar are nice, we need nothing less than a fundamental transition of our global industrial system?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":165,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":29,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","did","n't","Kurzgesagt","'s","last","climate","video","say","that","while","wind","and","solar","are","nice",",","we","need","nothing","less","than","a","fundamental","transition","of","our","global","industrial","system","?"],"tags":[0,15,37,1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Yes, but luckily, the shift goes beyond just the energy sector.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Yes",",","but","luckily",",","the","shift","goes","beyond","just","the","energy","sector","."],"tags":[0,0,0,13,0,1,2,31,32,13,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Throughout the economy, people are working on improving current technology to lower emissions.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Throughout","the","economy",",","people","are","working","on","improving","current","technology","to","lower","emissions","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We're rapidly replacing old incandescent light bulbs with LEDs that are 10 times more efficient.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","'re","rapidly","replacing","old","incandescent","light","bulbs","with","LEDs","that","are","10","times","more","efficient","."],"tags":[1,15,13,27,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In 2020, about 7 out of 10 new cars in Norway were electric or hybrid.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","2020",",","about","7","out","of","10","new","cars","in","Norway","were","electric","or","hybrid","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In 2021, it was already 8 out of 10.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","2021",",","it","was","already","8","out","of","10","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And the list goes on from electric heating and better insulation to ships traveling at half speed to save fuel.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","the","list","goes","on","from","electric","heating","and","better","insulation","to","ships","traveling","at","half","speed","to","save","fuel","."],"tags":[0,1,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Wherever you look, you find scientists, engineers and entrepreneurs trying to solve some aspect of climate change.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":113,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Wherever","you","look",",","you","find","scientists",",","engineers","and","entrepreneurs","trying","to","solve","some","aspect","of","climate","change","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Enormous amounts of human ingenuity are being brought to bear on this problem, with more and more people deciding to prioritize preventing rapid climate change.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":159,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Enormous","amounts","of","human","ingenuity","are","being","brought","to","bear","on","this","problem",",","with","more","and","more","people","deciding","to","prioritize","preventing","rapid","climate","change","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Solutions for low carbon production of cement, electronics and steel, and innovations like artificial meat and carbon capture are in the works.","spans":[{"end":125,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":19,"token_start":0},{"end":129,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":126,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":142,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":130,"token_end":23,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Solutions","for","low","carbon","production","of","cement",",","electronics","and","steel",",","and","innovations","like","artificial","meat","and","carbon","capture","are","in","the","works","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The more of these technologies we deploy, the cheaper new and better technology gets.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":84,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","more","of","these","technologies","we","deploy",",","the","cheaper","new","and","better","technology","gets","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,1,2,2,2,21,0]}
{"text":"The cheaper they get, the more people use them, and so on.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","cheaper","they","get",",","the","more","people","use","them",",","and","so","on","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,19,5,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We can see the impact already.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","can","see","the","impact","already","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,13,0]}
{"text":"The domestic CO2 output of rich countries is falling without a major recession.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","domestic","CO2","output","of","rich","countries","is","falling","without","a","major","recession","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But the best news may be that emissions are no longer necessarily coupled with economic growth.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","the","best","news","may","be","that","emissions","are","no","longer","necessarily","coupled","with","economic","growth","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In the past, this was an inconvenient truth.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","the","past",",","this","was","an","inconvenient","truth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"To get richer, you had to emit more, which led to fierce arguments between developing and developed countries about the fairness of reducing emissions while their populations were still poor.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["To","get","richer",",","you","had","to","emit","more",",","which","led","to","fierce","arguments","between","developing","and","developed","countries","about","the","fairness","of","reducing","emissions","while","their","populations","were","still","poor","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,17,18,19,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But in the last decade, we've seen that it is possible to increase prosperity without increasing emissions.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","in","the","last","decade",",","we","'ve","seen","that","it","is","possible","to","increase","prosperity","without","increasing","emissions","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Emissions in the Czech Republic dropped 13%, while their GDP grew by 27%.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Emissions","in","the","Czech","Republic","dropped","13","%",",","while","their","GDP","grew","by","27","%","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"France reduced their CO2 emissions by 14%, while increasing GDP by 15%.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["France","reduced","their","CO2","emissions","by","14","%",",","while","increasing","GDP","by","15","%","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Romania saw an 8% decrease and 35% growth.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Romania","saw","an","8","%","decrease","and","35","%","growth","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And even the largest economy on Earth, the USA, decreased emissions by 4%, while growing their GDP by 26%.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["And","even","the","largest","economy","on","Earth",",","the","USA",",","decreased","emissions","by","4","%",",","while","growing","their","GDP","by","26","%","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,2,2,2,0,39,40,0,23,5,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Some of you may call this a numbers trick, that rich countries are just exporting emissions to poorer nations by moving the dirty parts of their economies like manufacturing.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":172,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":29,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Some","of","you","may","call","this","a","numbers","trick",",","that","rich","countries","are","just","exporting","emissions","to","poorer","nations","by","moving","the","dirty","parts","of","their","economies","like","manufacturing","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But even when we account for all of our imported goods, the numbers still look positive.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":78,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","even","when","we","account","for","all","of","our","imported","goods",",","the","numbers","still","look","positive","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,13,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It's no longer a matter of having to choose between prosperity and the climate, as it seemed to be a decade ago.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":110,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","no","longer","a","matter","of","having","to","choose","between","prosperity","and","the","climate",",","as","it","seemed","to","be","a","decade","ago","."],"tags":[1,21,13,14,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Developing countries will profit from that, because as rich countries pay for the expensive development of green technologies, they can adopt them more cheaply.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":158,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":25,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Developing","countries","will","profit","from","that",",","because","as","rich","countries","pay","for","the","expensive","development","of","green","technologies",",","they","can","adopt","them","more","cheaply","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They can skip most of the high emission phase that today's rich countries went through.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","can","skip","most","of","the","high","emission","phase","that","today","'s","rich","countries","went","through","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We are at the point where not decarbonizing is a bad business decision.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","are","at","the","point","where","not","decarbonizing","is","a","bad","business","decision","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And we haven't even really talked about solutions like carbon capture.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","we","have","n't","even","really","talked","about","solutions","like","carbon","capture","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,13,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In 2000, it didn't really exist.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","2000",",","it","did","n't","really","exist","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,37,13,19,0]}
{"text":"In 2022, that technology does exist and costs around $600 to remove one ton of CO2 from the atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","2022",",","that","technology","does","exist","and","costs","around","$","600","to","remove","one","ton","of","CO2","from","the","atmosphere","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As investment pours in and the technology matures and begins to scale, it's likely that these costs will plummet over the next few decades.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":138,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":25,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["As","investment","pours","in","and","the","technology","matures","and","begins","to","scale",",","it","'s","likely","that","these","costs","will","plummet","over","the","next","few","decades","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So everything's fine then.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","everything","'s","fine","then","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,13,0]}
{"text":"Well, let's not get carried away.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Well",",","let","'s","not","get","carried","away","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"All of these processes are great, but not nearly fast enough.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["All","of","these","processes","are","great",",","but","not","nearly","fast","enough","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We're still doing way too little and technology will not magically solve everything.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","'re","still","doing","way","too","little","and","technology","will","not","magically","solve","everything","."],"tags":[1,15,13,27,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We need to use fewer resources and use them longer, design consumer goods that are repairable and durable, and decrease our energy requirements.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":143,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":24,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","to","use","fewer","resources","and","use","them","longer",",","design","consumer","goods","that","are","repairable","and","durable",",","and","decrease","our","energy","requirements","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We need much better infrastructure, agriculture and cities.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","much","better","infrastructure",",","agriculture","and","cities","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It will still be hard work, especially to get the right policies passed and enacted.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","will","still","be","hard","work",",","especially","to","get","the","right","policies","passed","and","enacted","."],"tags":[3,15,13,21,11,12,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But for the first time ever, there are a few trend lines pointing solidly in the right direction.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":96,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","for","the","first","time","ever",",","there","are","a","few","trend","lines","pointing","solidly","in","the","right","direction","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And now imagine if all of this was achieved without proper financial and political support.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","now","imagine","if","all","of","this","was","achieved","without","proper","financial","and","political","support","."],"tags":[0,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And despite fossil fuel lobbying, just think what humanity can do when climate change finally gets the political attention and funding it needs.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":143,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":23,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","despite","fossil","fuel","lobbying",",","just","think","what","humanity","can","do","when","climate","change","finally","gets","the","political","attention","and","funding","it","needs","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So is it okay to feel hopeful again?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","is","it","okay","to","feel","hopeful","again","?"],"tags":[0,21,3,11,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The situation is still dire and serious.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","situation","is","still","dire","and","serious","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So what's the point of focusing on this side of the story?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","what","'s","the","point","of","focusing","on","this","side","of","the","story","?"],"tags":[0,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Climate change can feel overwhelming and make your future seem bleak.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":68,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Climate","change","can","feel","overwhelming","and","make","your","future","seem","bleak","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The sadness and hopelessness that many people feel is real and very destructive because it causes apathy.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","sadness","and","hopelessness","that","many","people","feel","is","real","and","very","destructive","because","it","causes","apathy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In a sense, they have weaponized hopelessness.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","a","sense",",","they","have","weaponized","hopelessness","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,0]}
{"text":"We are now in phase four in the public debate about rapid climate change action.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","are","now","in","phase","four","in","the","public","debate","about","rapid","climate","change","action","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Phase one was climate change is not real.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Phase","one","was","climate","change","is","not","real","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Phase two was climate change is real, but not caused by humans.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Phase","two","was","climate","change","is","real",",","but","not","caused","by","humans","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Phase three was climate change may be caused by humans, but it's not that bad.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Phase","three","was","climate","change","may","be","caused","by","humans",",","but","it","'s","not","that","bad","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Phase four is climate change is no longer avoidable.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Phase","four","is","climate","change","is","no","longer","avoidable","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We are doomed and it doesn't matter what we do.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","are","doomed","and","it","does","n't","matter","what","we","do","."],"tags":[1,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If we want the world to change, we first need to believe that change is possible.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","we","want","the","world","to","change",",","we","first","need","to","believe","that","change","is","possible","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And we have an abundance of evidence that it is.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","we","have","an","abundance","of","evidence","that","it","is","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Changes to our industrial system are gaining momentum.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Changes","to","our","industrial","system","are","gaining","momentum","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,0]}
{"text":"Technology gets better and cheaper.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Technology","gets","better","and","cheaper","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"As more and more younger people move into influential positions, they prioritize climate change and work on new solutions.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":100,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["As","more","and","more","younger","people","move","into","influential","positions",",","they","prioritize","climate","change","and","work","on","new","solutions","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In 2022, most governments not only acknowledge it, but set their own net zero goals in democratic and autocratic countries.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","2022",",","most","governments","not","only","acknowledge","it",",","but","set","their","own","net","zero","goals","in","democratic","and","autocratic","countries","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,0,0,19,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The results of years of fighting a steep uphill battle are now clearly visible.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","results","of","years","of","fighting","a","steep","uphill","battle","are","now","clearly","visible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The pressure needs to keep increasing to make sure that the promises made today are actually kept.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","pressure","needs","to","keep","increasing","to","make","sure","that","the","promises","made","today","are","actually","kept","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Climate doomerism is the equivalent of giving up, even though you can still prevent not just the worst case,","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Climate","doomerism","is","the","equivalent","of","giving","up",",","even","though","you","can","still","prevent","not","just","the","worst","case",","],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"That is why hopelessness and apathy are so dangerous.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","is","why","hopelessness","and","apathy","are","so","dangerous","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If the last in many ways wasted decade has shown anything, then it's the progress is being made and the dire scenarios are just predictions, not our sealed fate.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":160,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":31,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","the","last","in","many","ways","wasted","decade","has","shown","anything",",","then","it","'s","the","progress","is","being","made","and","the","dire","scenarios","are","just","predictions",",","not","our","sealed","fate","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"As of 2022, based on current global policies, we will end up in a three degrees world.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["As","of","2022",",","based","on","current","global","policies",",","we","will","end","up","in","a","three","degrees","world","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Now it's our job to yet again prove the predictions wrong,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Now","it","'s","our","job","to","yet","again","prove","the","predictions","wrong",","],"tags":[13,3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"For that, we need hope.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["For","that",",","we","need","hope","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,0]}
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{"text":"If you need a more concrete roadmap of what you can do personally, we're working on a follow-up video to talk about that in greater detail.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":29,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","you","need","a","more","concrete","roadmap","of","what","you","can","do","personally",",","we","'re","working","on","a","follow","-","up","video","to","talk","about","that","in","greater","detail","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Doomerism, inactivity and weaponized hopelessness are the only trump cards left for the powers that don't want change.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":116,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Doomerism",",","inactivity","and","weaponized","hopelessness","are","the","only","trump","cards","left","for","the","powers","that","do","n't","want","change","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Don't let them win.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Do","n't","let","them","win","."],"tags":[15,37,19,5,33,0]}
{"text":"We're still excited about the future and we think one of the best things you can do to keep your optimism and curiosity up is to learn new things.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":145,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":29,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","'re","still","excited","about","the","future","and","we","think","one","of","the","best","things","you","can","do","to","keep","your","optimism","and","curiosity","up","is","to","learn","new","things","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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{"text":"And there's an extra perk for Kurzgesagt viewers.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","'s","an","extra","perk","for","Kurzgesagt","viewers","."],"tags":[0,3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The first 200 people to use the link get 20% off their annual membership, which unlocks all of Brilliant's courses in maths, science and computer science.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":152,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":29,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","first","200","people","to","use","the","link","get","20","%","off","their","annual","membership",",","which","unlocks","all","of","Brilliant","'s","courses","in","maths",",","science","and","computer","science","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"At Kurzgesagt, we love to create things that seem impossible at first.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["At","Kurzgesagt",",","we","love","to","create","things","that","seem","impossible","at","first","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Brilliant can help you acquire the skills to do that.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Brilliant","can","help","you","acquire","the","skills","to","do","that","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"There's this idea floating around that what doesn't kill you makes you stronger, that surviving a disease leaves you better off.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":126,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","this","idea","floating","around","that","what","does","n't","kill","you","makes","you","stronger",",","that","surviving","a","disease","leaves","you","better","off","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And it seems to make sense because we've all experienced this.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","it","seems","to","make","sense","because","we","'ve","all","experienced","this","."],"tags":[0,1,17,18,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When you go through hardship, often you come out more resilient, more ready to face a difficult situation in the future.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":119,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["When","you","go","through","hardship",",","often","you","come","out","more","resilient",",","more","ready","to","face","a","difficult","situation","in","the","future","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,31,32,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But it turns out that sometimes what doesn't kill you makes you weaker.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","turns","out","that","sometimes","what","does","n't","kill","you","makes","you","weaker","."],"tags":[0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So, what happens when you get sick?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So",",","what","happens","when","you","get","sick","?"],"tags":[13,0,1,25,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Think of yourself as a large country with a sizable army to defend it.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Think","of","yourself","as","a","large","country","with","a","sizable","army","to","defend","it","."],"tags":[31,32,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You're surrounded by enemies that want to take your land, your energy, your resources.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","'re","surrounded","by","enemies","that","want","to","take","your","land",",","your","energy",",","your","resources","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is a matter of life and death, so your body evolved to be sensitive to damage and to the presence of enemies.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","a","matter","of","life","and","death",",","so","your","body","evolved","to","be","sensitive","to","damage","and","to","the","presence","of","enemies","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Because this means that an invasion might happen at any moment and that it has to act fast.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Because","this","means","that","an","invasion","might","happen","at","any","moment","and","that","it","has","to","act","fast","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's start an invasion and see what happens.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","start","an","invasion","and","see","what","happens","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The moment your cells notice that something is off, they release an onslaught of signal proteins called cytokines.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","moment","your","cells","notice","that","something","is","off",",","they","release","an","onslaught","of","signal","proteins","called","cytokines","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They're like air raid sirens that activate all sorts of immune cells that then themselves release many more cytokines, amplifying the alarm.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":139,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","'re","like","air","raid","sirens","that","activate","all","sorts","of","immune","cells","that","then","themselves","release","many","more","cytokines",",","amplifying","the","alarm","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Soon, you're flooded with signals that trigger precautions and countermeasures.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Soon",",","you","'re","flooded","with","signals","that","trigger","precautions","and","countermeasures","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Mobilization is underway.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Mobilization","is","underway","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Your brain activates sickness behavior and reorganizes your body's priorities to defense.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Your","brain","activates","sickness","behavior","and","reorganizes","your","body","'s","priorities","to","defense","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The first thing you notice is that your energy level drops and you get sleepy.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","first","thing","you","notice","is","that","your","energy","level","drops","and","you","get","sleepy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You feel apathetic, often anxious or down, and you lose your appetite.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["You","feel","apathetic",",","often","anxious","or","down",",","and","you","lose","your","appetite","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Your sensitivity to pain is heightened and you seek out rest.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Your","sensitivity","to","pain","is","heightened","and","you","seek","out","rest","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"All of this serves to save your energy and reroute it into your immune response.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":79,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["All","of","this","serves","to","save","your","energy","and","reroute","it","into","your","immune","response","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"You become a country under attack, switching into a war economy.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["You","become","a","country","under","attack",",","switching","into","a","war","economy","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Because properly activating your immune system is intensely disruptive and draining.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Because","properly","activating","your","immune","system","is","intensely","disruptive","and","draining","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Just like war is expensive for a country as industry switches to building tanks,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Just","like","war","is","expensive","for","a","country","as","industry","switches","to","building","tanks",","],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"your immune system demands huge amounts of energy, amino acids and microelements to build its weapons.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":12,"token_start":4},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["your","immune","system","demands","huge","amounts","of","energy",",","amino","acids","and","microelements","to","build","its","weapons","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Take fever.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Take","fever","."],"tags":[19,5,0]}
{"text":"It speeds up your metabolism and makes your cells work harder and faster while creating heat that's pretty stressful for many invaders.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":134,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":22,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","speeds","up","your","metabolism","and","makes","your","cells","work","harder","and","faster","while","creating","heat","that","'s","pretty","stressful","for","many","invaders","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But it uses up a lot of calories to maintain.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","it","uses","up","a","lot","of","calories","to","maintain","."],"tags":[0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Then your immune system begins to clone millions of specialized immune cells to respond specifically to the enemy infecting you.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Then","your","immune","system","begins","to","clone","millions","of","specialized","immune","cells","to","respond","specifically","to","the","enemy","infecting","you","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"B cells produce millions of antibodies every second, each requiring hundreds of amino acids to construct.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["B","cells","produce","millions","of","antibodies","every","second",",","each","requiring","hundreds","of","amino","acids","to","construct","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Billions or even trillions of proteins need to be made to refresh the complement system, a minefield inside your blood.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Billions","or","even","trillions","of","proteins","need","to","be","made","to","refresh","the","complement","system",",","a","minefield","inside","your","blood","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,17,18,15,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Cytokines, the mobilization and information signals, also need constant refreshing.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Cytokines",",","the","mobilization","and","information","signals",",","also","need","constant","refreshing","."],"tags":[1,0,39,40,40,40,40,0,13,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Usually, you acquire your resources by eating.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Usually",",","you","acquire","your","resources","by","eating","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But when you're sick, your body slows down your digestion because it needs a lot of energy you can't spare.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","when","you","'re","sick",",","your","body","slows","down","your","digestion","because","it","needs","a","lot","of","energy","you","ca","n't","spare","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So it reaches for the easiest source of amino acids and starts breaking down your muscles.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So","it","reaches","for","the","easiest","source","of","amino","acids","and","starts","breaking","down","your","muscles","."],"tags":[0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"All that muscle that you work so hard for is sacrificed to keep you alive.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["All","that","muscle","that","you","work","so","hard","for","is","sacrificed","to","keep","you","alive","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you're young and healthy and fit, you'll make up for that quickly once you're better.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","young","and","healthy","and","fit",",","you","'ll","make","up","for","that","quickly","once","you","'re","better","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,13,14,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But if you're old or very young, weak or suffer from chronic illness, this may be way too draining.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":14,"token_start":1},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":81,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":21,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["But","if","you","'re","old","or","very","young",",","weak","or","suffer","from","chronic","illness",",","this","may","be","way","too","draining","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Your body is literally consuming itself to keep the defense going.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Your","body","is","literally","consuming","itself","to","keep","the","defense","going","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,27,5,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If your whole system is already strained, when you get sick, just keeping your immune responses going can overwhelm your capacities.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":100,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":18,"token_start":13},{"end":104,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":102,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":114,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":106,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":130,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":116,"token_end":22,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","your","whole","system","is","already","strained",",","when","you","get","sick",",","just","keeping","your","immune","responses","going","can","overwhelm","your","capacities","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Your immune system is a jerk.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","immune","system","is","a","jerk","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Your immune system is as dangerous to you as it is to enemies.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","immune","system","is","as","dangerous","to","you","as","it","is","to","enemies","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There's a very fragile balance between the damage caused by an infection and the collateral damage caused by immune cells.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":120,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","a","very","fragile","balance","between","the","damage","caused","by","an","infection","and","the","collateral","damage","caused","by","immune","cells","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"One of your first responders are neutrophils.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["One","of","your","first","responders","are","neutrophils","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Imagine crazy aggressive chimps with machine guns.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","crazy","aggressive","chimps","with","machine","guns","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If a neutrophil encounters enemies, it showers them with chemicals that cut them open, but can also damage civilian cells,","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":91,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","a","neutrophil","encounters","enemies",",","it","showers","them","with","chemicals","that","cut","them","open",",","but","can","also","damage","civilian","cells",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"On top of that, the microorganisms that invade you often release chemicals and toxins that can cause significant damage and cell death.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["On","top","of","that",",","the","microorganisms","that","invade","you","often","release","chemicals","and","toxins","that","can","cause","significant","damage","and","cell","death","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So a serious infection often causes many tiny wounds, literally holes in your organs.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","a","serious","infection","often","causes","many","tiny","wounds",",","literally","holes","in","your","organs","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As you can imagine, it's not great to have holes and wounds in your organs and your body rushes to close them.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":16,"token_start":9},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":23,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["As","you","can","imagine",",","it","'s","not","great","to","have","holes","and","wounds","in","your","organs","and","your","body","rushes","to","close","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,21,37,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Your neutrophils and macrophages help by releasing chemicals that signal the body to start repairs, and most of the damage is quickly filled up with regrowing cells.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":14,"token_start":5},{"end":164,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":104,"token_end":27,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Your","neutrophils","and","macrophages","help","by","releasing","chemicals","that","signal","the","body","to","start","repairs",",","and","most","of","the","damage","is","quickly","filled","up","with","regrowing","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But others are filled with collagen, a sort of fixal organic cement that gives your gooey tissue structural integrity.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","others","are","filled","with","collagen",",","a","sort","of","fixal","organic","cement","that","gives","your","gooey","tissue","structural","integrity","."],"tags":[0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You've seen the result on your skin as scars.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["You","'ve","seen","the","result","on","your","skin","as","scars","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"A scar is different from the original tissue.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["A","scar","is","different","from","the","original","tissue","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It has no functioning cells in it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","has","no","functioning","cells","in","it","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,33,34,0]}
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{"text":"It can't do what the original tissue was doing.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","ca","n't","do","what","the","original","tissue","was","doing","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"A scar on your liver makes it a worse filter.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","scar","on","your","liver","makes","it","a","worse","filter","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"And so as you go through life and survive serious disease after serious disease, the functionality of your organs may decrease.","spans":[{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":13,"token_start":2},{"end":113,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":19,"token_start":15},{"end":117,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":114,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":126,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":118,"token_end":21,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["And","so","as","you","go","through","life","and","survive","serious","disease","after","serious","disease",",","the","functionality","of","your","organs","may","decrease","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"The damage is usually small enough not to affect your quality of life, but can be permanent.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":4},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","damage","is","usually","small","enough","not","to","affect","your","quality","of","life",",","but","can","be","permanent","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Okay, this sounds depressing, but there is actually something you can do to avoid a lot of this damage and train your immune system.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":25,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Okay",",","this","sounds","depressing",",","but","there","is","actually","something","you","can","do","to","avoid","a","lot","of","this","damage","and","train","your","immune","system","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Your immune system is unique.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","immune","system","is","unique","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Everyone has a slightly different immune system that's stronger against some enemies and weaker against others,","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Everyone","has","a","slightly","different","immune","system","that","'s","stronger","against","some","enemies","and","weaker","against","others",","],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Collectively, the immune system of the human species is a spectrum.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Collectively",",","the","immune","system","of","the","human","species","is","a","spectrum","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Most people respond well enough to an infection, a few are super responders, and a few don't respond well and die.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Most","people","respond","well","enough","to","an","infection",",","a","few","are","super","responders",",","and","a","few","do","n't","respond","well","and","die","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Some people survive the Black Death, are more resistant to HIV or coronavirus, or even resistant against Ebola.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","people","survive","the","Black","Death",",","are","more","resistant","to","HIV","or","coronavirus",",","or","even","resistant","against","Ebola","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Others are killed easily by the flu or are highly vulnerable to certain bacterial infections.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Others","are","killed","easily","by","the","flu","or","are","highly","vulnerable","to","certain","bacterial","infections","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Where you are on this spectrum is impossible to predict, and you also respond differently to every possible infection.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":117,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Where","you","are","on","this","spectrum","is","impossible","to","predict",",","and","you","also","respond","differently","to","every","possible","infection","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is why seemingly very healthy young people died from COVID, while for some elderly people it was more like a mild flu.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":121,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","why","seemingly","very","healthy","young","people","died","from","COVID",",","while","for","some","elderly","people","it","was","more","like","a","mild","flu","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The idea that you can weather all sorts of diseases if you never get a cold is wrong.","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":17,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["The","idea","that","you","can","weather","all","sorts","of","diseases","if","you","never","get","a","cold","is","wrong","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"You never know what your immune system is good at until it's tested.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["You","never","know","what","your","immune","system","is","good","at","until","it","'s","tested","."],"tags":[1,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Getting sick is a gamble in life's casino with your health on the line.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Getting","sick","is","a","gamble","in","life","'s","casino","with","your","health","on","the","line","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But there is something you can do, hacking one of the best features of your immune system.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":89,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","is","something","you","can","do",",","hacking","one","of","the","best","features","of","your","immune","system","."],"tags":[0,3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"When you survive a disease, usually you have better defenses against it afterwards.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["When","you","survive","a","disease",",","usually","you","have","better","defenses","against","it","afterwards","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,19,5,6,6,6,13,0]}
{"text":"You gain memory cells that are very good at killing the specific enemy you fought that day.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","gain","memory","cells","that","are","very","good","at","killing","the","specific","enemy","you","fought","that","day","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So you either don't get the disease again, or the next infection is much milder.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So","you","either","do","n't","get","the","disease","again",",","or","the","next","infection","is","much","milder","."],"tags":[0,1,0,15,37,19,5,6,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And you can use an incredible achievement of human ingenuity that taps into this mechanism to prevent damage from disease and train your immune system.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":14,"token_start":4},{"end":150,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":24,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","you","can","use","an","incredible","achievement","of","human","ingenuity","that","taps","into","this","mechanism","to","prevent","damage","from","disease","and","train","your","immune","system","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Vaccines basically pretend to be a disease and train your defenses to be ready if it ever shows up for real.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Vaccines","basically","pretend","to","be","a","disease","and","train","your","defenses","to","be","ready","if","it","ever","shows","up","for","real","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The goal is to create the same memory cells that you would get after surviving an infection.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","goal","is","to","create","the","same","memory","cells","that","you","would","get","after","surviving","an","infection","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But if you can feel some side effects, why should you still do it?","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","if","you","can","feel","some","side","effects",",","why","should","you","still","do","it","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,13,19,5,0]}
{"text":"You have two options to train your immune system.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","have","two","options","to","train","your","immune","system","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In Vaccine Dojo you train with paper weapons and learn to defend yourself.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","Vaccine","Dojo","you","train","with","paper","weapons","and","learn","to","defend","yourself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,1,19,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Sure, you might get a black eye or a bruise.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Sure",",","you","might","get","a","black","eye","or","a","bruise","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Sometimes after a vaccine you get sick for a few days, but that's generally it.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Sometimes","after","a","vaccine","you","get","sick","for","a","few","days",",","but","that","'s","generally","it","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,1,21,11,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We discussed vaccine side effects in detail in another video if you want to learn more.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","discussed","vaccine","side","effects","in","detail","in","another","video","if","you","want","to","learn","more","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,13,14,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"On the other hand, getting a disease to become immune means going to a Nature Dojo.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["On","the","other","hand",",","getting","a","disease","to","become","immune","means","going","to","a","Nature","Dojo","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In Nature Dojo you train with real weapons, sharp knives and swords.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","Nature","Dojo","you","train","with","real","weapons",",","sharp","knives","and","swords","."],"tags":[13,14,14,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Things might still work out, but with way more cuts and wounds.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Things","might","still","work","out",",","but","with","way","more","cuts","and","wounds","."],"tags":[1,15,13,31,32,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But from time to time someone will die, be it a kid from measles or an adult from influenza.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","from","time","to","time","someone","will","die",",","be","it","a","kid","from","measles","or","an","adult","from","influenza","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,1,15,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Nature Dojo is just way more risky.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Nature","Dojo","is","just","way","more","risky","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On top of that, the immunity you get from a vaccine is often better than the natural resistance","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["On","top","of","that",",","the","immunity","you","get","from","a","vaccine","is","often","better","than","the","natural","resistance"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12]}
{"text":"because they're engineered to engage your immune system in a more productive way.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["because","they","'re","engineered","to","engage","your","immune","system","in","a","more","productive","way","."],"tags":[0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Of course, vaccines are not magic and sometimes they don't protect us as well as we'd like them to.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Of","course",",","vaccines","are","not","magic","and","sometimes","they","do","n't","protect","us","as","well","as","we","'d","like","them","to","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,37,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Still, being vaccinated is one of the best tools to train your natural defenses.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Still",",","being","vaccinated","is","one","of","the","best","tools","to","train","your","natural","defenses","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In the end, if we look at the stunning progress humanity has made in the last century, eventually we may overcome disease for good.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":17,"token_start":4},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":99,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":103,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":101,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":112,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":105,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":120,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":114,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":122,"token_end":25,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","if","we","look","at","the","stunning","progress","humanity","has","made","in","the","last","century",",","eventually","we","may","overcome","disease","for","good","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But until then we can do our best to take care of ourselves and others.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","until","then","we","can","do","our","best","to","take","care","of","ourselves","and","others","."],"tags":[0,13,14,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Your body and your older self will be grateful to you.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Your","body","and","your","older","self","will","be","grateful","to","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Diseases are not the only problem humanity can address if we work together.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Diseases","are","not","the","only","problem","humanity","can","address","if","we","work","together","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We believe the same is true for climate change, one of the main challenges of our generation.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","believe","the","same","is","true","for","climate","change",",","one","of","the","main","challenges","of","our","generation","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We're very passionate about this topic and we've covered it extensively in previous videos.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","'re","very","passionate","about","this","topic","and","we","'ve","covered","it","extensively","in","previous","videos","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Humanity needs to tackle this problem on different levels of society, from governments and economies down to the individual.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":123,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Humanity","needs","to","tackle","this","problem","on","different","levels","of","society",",","from","governments","and","economies","down","to","the","individual","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And there's one way you can take action now, by working with our friends from WREN, who help you offset your carbon emissions.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":125,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","'s","one","way","you","can","take","action","now",",","by","working","with","our","friends","from","WREN",",","who","help","you","offset","your","carbon","emissions","."],"tags":[0,3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"By visiting wren.co and answering a few questions, you can find out what your personal carbon footprint is.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["By","visiting","wren.co","and","answering","a","few","questions",",","you","can","find","out","what","your","personal","carbon","footprint","is","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Your first step should be reducing your footprint, but there are limits to that.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Your","first","step","should","be","reducing","your","footprint",",","but","there","are","limits","to","that","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,27,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"WREN lets you offset the rest of your carbon footprint with a monthly subscription that supports projects that plant trees,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":122,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["WREN","lets","you","offset","the","rest","of","your","carbon","footprint","with","a","monthly","subscription","that","supports","projects","that","plant","trees",","],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"We think it's one of many puzzle pieces that can make a real difference in the climate crisis.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","think","it","'s","one","of","many","puzzle","pieces","that","can","make","a","real","difference","in","the","climate","crisis","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Once you sign up to make a monthly contribution, you'll get pictures and updates from the projects you support,","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Once","you","sign","up","to","make","a","monthly","contribution",",","you","'ll","get","pictures","and","updates","from","the","projects","you","support",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"so you can directly see the impact you're making.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["so","you","can","directly","see","the","impact","you","'re","making","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We appreciate WREN's focus on transparency and impact, so you can always retrace how your money is spent.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","appreciate","WREN","'s","focus","on","transparency","and","impact",",","so","you","can","always","retrace","how","your","money","is","spent","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One project we find especially interesting is refrigerant destruction.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["One","project","we","find","especially","interesting","is","refrigerant","destruction","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Old refrigerators use harmful gases as a coolant.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Old","refrigerators","use","harmful","gases","as","a","coolant","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These gases, once released into the atmosphere, cause global warming thousands of times faster than CO2.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["These","gases",",","once","released","into","the","atmosphere",",","cause","global","warming","thousands","of","times","faster","than","CO2","."],"tags":[1,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"WREN's project permanently destroys containers filled with these gases, proving with high certainty that they'll never leak and contribute to global warming.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["WREN","'s","project","permanently","destroys","containers","filled","with","these","gases",",","proving","with","high","certainty","that","they","'ll","never","leak","and","contribute","to","global","warming","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Sign up through wren.co\/kurzgesagt to start helping the planet.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Sign","up","through","wren.co\/kurzgesagt","to","start","helping","the","planet","."],"tags":[31,32,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As climate change is close to our hearts, we will personally pay for the first month of subscription for the first 200 people to sign up.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":18,"token_start":13},{"end":135,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":26,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["As","climate","change","is","close","to","our","hearts",",","we","will","personally","pay","for","the","first","month","of","subscription","for","the","first","200","people","to","sign","up","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Continue your kurzgesagt journey into the fascinating world of the immune system and check out these products in our shop.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":85,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Continue","your","kurzgesagt","journey","into","the","fascinating","world","of","the","immune","system","and","check","out","these","products","in","our","shop","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Learn more about immune cells and marvel at battles that are fought in your body every day.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Learn","more","about","immune","cells","and","marvel","at","battles","that","are","fought","in","your","body","every","day","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"All of our products are designed with love and produced with care by us here at kurzgesagt.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["All","of","our","products","are","designed","with","love","and","produced","with","care","by","us","here","at","kurzgesagt","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Are you your body?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Are","you","your","body","?"],"tags":[21,1,11,12,0]}
{"text":"But is there a line where this stops being true?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","is","there","a","line","where","this","stops","being","true","?"],"tags":[0,25,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"How much of yourself can you remove before you stop being you?","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["How","much","of","yourself","can","you","remove","before","you","stop","being","you","?"],"tags":[5,6,6,6,15,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And does the question even make sense?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","does","the","question","even","make","sense","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,2,13,31,32,0]}
{"text":"Your physical existence is cells.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","physical","existence","is","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"A cell is a living being.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["A","cell","is","a","living","being","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It has no consciousness, no will, no purpose.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","has","no","consciousness",",","no","will",",","no","purpose","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But it is still an individual.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","is","still","an","individual","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Together, your cells form huge structures for jobs like preparing food, gathering resources, transporting stuff around, scanning the environment, and so on.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":154,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":26,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Together",",","your","cells","form","huge","structures","for","jobs","like","preparing","food",",","gathering","resources",",","transporting","stuff","around",",","scanning","the","environment",",","and","so","on","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you extract cells from your body and put them in the right environment, they will continue to stay alive for a while.","spans":[{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":93,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":85,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":119,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":23,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","you","extract","cells","from","your","body","and","put","them","in","the","right","environment",",","they","will","continue","to","stay","alive","for","a","while","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So, your cells can exist without you.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So",",","your","cells","can","exist","without","you","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,15,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But you can't exist without them.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","you","ca","n't","exist","without","them","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If we take all the cells away, there is no you anymore.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","we","take","all","the","cells","away",",","there","is","no","you","anymore","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,25,1,2,13,0]}
{"text":"Is there a line where a pile of your cells stops being you?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Is","there","a","line","where","a","pile","of","your","cells","stops","being","you","?"],"tags":[21,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"For example, if you donate an organ, billions of your cells will continue to live on inside someone else.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["For","example",",","if","you","donate","an","organ",",","billions","of","your","cells","will","continue","to","live","on","inside","someone","else","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Does this mean that a part of you became a part of another person?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Does","this","mean","that","a","part","of","you","became","a","part","of","another","person","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Or is this other body keeping a part of you alive?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Or","is","this","other","body","keeping","a","part","of","you","alive","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,2,2,27,5,6,6,6,33,0]}
{"text":"Or let us imagine an experiment.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Or","let","us","imagine","an","experiment","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"You and a random person from the street exchange cells.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["You","and","a","random","person","from","the","street","exchange","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,0]}
{"text":"One at a time, your body gets one of their cells, their body gets one of your cells.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["One","at","a","time",",","your","body","gets","one","of","their","cells",",","their","body","gets","one","of","your","cells","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"At which point would they become you?","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["At","which","point","would","they","become","you","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,15,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Or is this just a very slow and gross way to teleport you?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Or","is","this","just","a","very","slow","and","gross","way","to","teleport","you","?"],"tags":[0,21,1,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's make this more complicated.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","make","this","more","complicated","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The image of ourselves as a static thing is untenable.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","image","of","ourselves","as","a","static","thing","is","untenable","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Almost all of your cells have to die during your lifetime.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Almost","all","of","your","cells","have","to","die","during","your","lifetime","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,17,18,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"250 million have died since the beginning of this video alone.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["250","million","have","died","since","the","beginning","of","this","video","alone","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In a 7-year period, most of your cells are replaced at least once.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","a","7","-","year","period",",","most","of","your","cells","are","replaced","at","least","once","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Every time your cell setup changes, you are slightly different than before.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Every","time","your","cell","setup","changes",",","you","are","slightly","different","than","before","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So a part of you is dying constantly.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","a","part","of","you","is","dying","constantly","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,27,13,0]}
{"text":"If you are lucky enough to become old, you would have cycled through roughly a million billion cells.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","are","lucky","enough","to","become","old",",","you","would","have","cycled","through","roughly","a","million","billion","cells","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So what you consider yourself is really just a snapshot.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","what","you","consider","yourself","is","really","just","a","snapshot","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But sometimes, cells are broken and don't want to die, questioning the very nature of the unity of our bodies.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","sometimes",",","cells","are","broken","and","do","n't","want","to","die",",","questioning","the","very","nature","of","the","unity","of","our","bodies","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We call them cancer.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","call","them","cancer","."],"tags":[1,19,5,33,0]}
{"text":"They cancel the biological social contract and become basically immortal.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":72,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["They","cancel","the","biological","social","contract","and","become","basically","immortal","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Cancer is not an outside invader, it's a part of you that puts its own survival over yours.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Cancer","is","not","an","outside","invader",",","it","'s","a","part","of","you","that","puts","its","own","survival","over","yours","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But you could also argue that a cancer cell becomes another entity inside us, another being that just wants to thrive and survive.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":129,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":23,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","you","could","also","argue","that","a","cancer","cell","becomes","another","entity","inside","us",",","another","being","that","just","wants","to","thrive","and","survive","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Can we blame it for that?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Can","we","blame","it","for","that","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"A chilling cell story is that of Henrietta Lacks, a young cancer patient who died in 1951.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","chilling","cell","story","is","that","of","Henrietta","Lacks",",","a","young","cancer","patient","who","died","in","1951","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Usually, cells only survived for a few days in the lab, making research very hard.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Usually",",","cells","only","survived","for","a","few","days","in","the","lab",",","making","research","very","hard","."],"tags":[13,0,1,13,23,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Henrietta's cancer cells were immortal.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Henrietta","'s","cancer","cells","were","immortal","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Over the decades, they were multiplied over and over again and used for countless research projects, saving countless lives.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Over","the","decades",",","they","were","multiplied","over","and","over","again","and","used","for","countless","research","projects",",","saving","countless","lives","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Henrietta's cells are still alive and overall have been grown to at least 20 tons of biomass.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Henrietta","'s","cells","are","still","alive","and","overall","have","been","grown","to","at","least","20","tons","of","biomass","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,13,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So there are living parts around the world from someone who has been considered dead for decades.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":96,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","there","are","living","parts","around","the","world","from","someone","who","has","been","considered","dead","for","decades","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"How much of Henrietta is in these cells?","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["How","much","of","Henrietta","is","in","these","cells","?"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"What makes one of your cells you anyway?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["What","makes","one","of","your","cells","you","anyway","?"],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,33,13,0]}
{"text":"Until recently, it was believed that all the cells in your body had basically the same genetic code.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":99,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Until","recently",",","it","was","believed","that","all","the","cells","in","your","body","had","basically","the","same","genetic","code","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,15,29,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But it turns out this is wrong.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","turns","out","this","is","wrong","."],"tags":[0,1,31,32,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Your genome is mobile, changing over time through mutations and environmental influences.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Your","genome","is","mobile",",","changing","over","time","through","mutations","and","environmental","influences","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is especially the case in your brain.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","is","especially","the","case","in","your","brain","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"According to recent discoveries, a single neuron in an adult brain has more than 1,000 mutations in its genetic code that are not present in the cells surrounding it.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":164,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":29,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["According","to","recent","discoveries",",","a","single","neuron","in","an","adult","brain","has","more","than","1,000","mutations","in","its","genetic","code","that","are","not","present","in","the","cells","surrounding","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But how much you is your DNA really?","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","how","much","you","is","your","DNA","really","?"],"tags":[0,11,12,12,21,1,2,13,0]}
{"text":"About 8% of the human genome is made up of viruses that once infected our ancestors and merged with us.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":102,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":37,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["About","8","%","of","the","human","genome","is","made","up","of","viruses","that","once","infected","our","ancestors","and","merged","with","us","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,35,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,0]}
{"text":"Mitochondria, power plants of the cell, once were bacteria that merged with the ancestors of your cells.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":103,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Mitochondria",",","power","plants","of","the","cell",",","once","were","bacteria","that","merged","with","the","ancestors","of","your","cells","."],"tags":[1,0,39,40,40,40,40,0,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They still have their own DNA.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","still","have","their","own","DNA","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"An average cell has hundreds of them.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["An","average","cell","has","hundreds","of","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It is confusing.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","is","confusing","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Let's backtrack a bit.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","backtrack","a","bit","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"We know that you're made up of trillions of little things, made from more little things that are constantly changing.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":116,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","know","that","you","'re","made","up","of","trillions","of","little","things",",","made","from","more","little","things","that","are","constantly","changing","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Together, all those little things are not static, but dynamic.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Together",",","all","those","little","things","are","not","static",",","but","dynamic","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Their composition and condition is changing constantly.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Their","composition","and","condition","is","changing","constantly","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,27,13,0]}
{"text":"So we might just be a self-sustaining pattern without clear borders that gained self-awareness at some point","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":108,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","we","might","just","be","a","self","-","sustaining","pattern","without","clear","borders","that","gained","self","-","awareness","at","some","point"],"tags":[0,1,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12]}
{"text":"Where did this pattern start?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Where","did","this","pattern","start","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,19,0]}
{"text":"When the first human arose?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["When","the","first","human","arose","?"],"tags":[13,1,2,2,23,0]}
{"text":"When life first began conquering our small planet?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["When","life","first","began","conquering","our","small","planet","?"],"tags":[13,1,13,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Or when the elements that make up your body were forged in a star?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Or","when","the","elements","that","make","up","your","body","were","forged","in","a","star","?"],"tags":[0,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our human brains evolved to deal with absolutes.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Our","human","brains","evolved","to","deal","with","absolutes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The fuzzy borders that make up reality are hard to grasp.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","fuzzy","borders","that","make","up","reality","are","hard","to","grasp","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Maybe ideas like beginning and end, life and death, you and me, are really not absolutes, but ideas belonging to a fluent pattern.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":13,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":78,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":129,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":26,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Maybe","ideas","like","beginning","and","end",",","life","and","death",",","you","and","me",",","are","really","not","absolutes",",","but","ideas","belonging","to","a","fluent","pattern","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,21,13,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The problem of who we are isn't just a question of our cells, but it's also a question of our minds.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["The","problem","of","who","we","are","is","n't","just","a","question","of","our","cells",",","but","it","'s","also","a","question","of","our","minds","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Just as our cells can be divided and separated from us, so can our very brains be divided and separated from us, while still in the skull.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":94,"token_end":22,"token_start":20},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":113,"token_end":28,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["Just","as","our","cells","can","be","divided","and","separated","from","us",",","so","can","our","very","brains","be","divided","and","separated","from","us",",","while","still","in","the","skull","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,15,1,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Click here to go to my channel and watch the next part.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Click","here","to","go","to","my","channel","and","watch","the","next","part","."],"tags":[19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you're not yet subscribed to his channel, you should really change that now.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","not","yet","subscribed","to","his","channel",",","you","should","really","change","that","now","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,13,0]}
{"text":"Wrapping your mind around your life is pretty hard because you're up to your neck in it.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Wrapping","your","mind","around","your","life","is","pretty","hard","because","you","'re","up","to","your","neck","in","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's like trying to understand the ocean while learning how to swim.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","like","trying","to","understand","the","ocean","while","learning","how","to","swim","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On most days, you're busy just keeping your head above water, so it's not easy to figure out what to do with your life and how to spend your time.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":33,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["On","most","days",",","you","'re","busy","just","keeping","your","head","above","water",",","so","it","'s","not","easy","to","figure","out","what","to","do","with","your","life","and","how","to","spend","your","time","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There are a million distractions.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","a","million","distractions","."],"tags":[3,19,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And then there's your couch that somebody needs to lie on.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","then","there","'s","your","couch","that","somebody","needs","to","lie","on","."],"tags":[0,13,3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It's easy to get lost.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","easy","to","get","lost","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"So let's take a step back and look at your life from the outside.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","let","'s","take","a","step","back","and","look","at","your","life","from","the","outside","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The insecurities of the teenage years have begun to recede.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","insecurities","of","the","teenage","years","have","begun","to","recede","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Maybe you find yourself in a job or a long-term relationship.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Maybe","you","find","yourself","in","a","job","or","a","long","-","term","relationship","."],"tags":[13,1,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Maybe you've started a family or are working on an advanced degree.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Maybe","you","'ve","started","a","family","or","are","working","on","an","advanced","degree","."],"tags":[13,1,15,29,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Maybe you're not doing any of that and still want to enjoy life, whatever that means to you.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Maybe","you","'re","not","doing","any","of","that","and","still","want","to","enjoy","life",",","whatever","that","means","to","you","."],"tags":[13,1,15,37,27,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Or maybe you feel stuck and don't know where to go yet.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Or","maybe","you","feel","stuck","and","do","n't","know","where","to","go","yet","."],"tags":[0,13,1,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"About 1 in 20 people watching this video will get to live to 100.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["About","1","in","20","people","watching","this","video","will","get","to","live","to","100","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,17,18,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's assume you are one of the lucky ones, which means you had a total of 5,200 weeks of life at your disposal when you were born.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":130,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":28,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","assume","you","are","one","of","the","lucky","ones",",","which","means","you","had","a","total","of","5,200","weeks","of","life","at","your","disposal","when","you","were","born","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"You spent the first 600 weeks of your life being a kid and 400 being a teenager.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":78,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["You","spent","the","first","600","weeks","of","your","life","being","a","kid","and","400","being","a","teenager","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"During this time, you were pretty useless for society and also not very free to make your own decisions.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":102,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["During","this","time",",","you","were","pretty","useless","for","society","and","also","not","very","free","to","make","your","own","decisions","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"As a payoff, you were somewhat spared from the consequences and responsibilities of adulthood.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["As","a","payoff",",","you","were","somewhat","spared","from","the","consequences","and","responsibilities","of","adulthood","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Mostly because well-meaning adults protected you by cleaning up your mess and giving you time to find yourself.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Mostly","because","well","-","meaning","adults","protected","you","by","cleaning","up","your","mess","and","giving","you","time","to","find","yourself","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,23,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Although most people probably don't feel like that after puberty.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Although","most","people","probably","do","n't","feel","like","that","after","puberty","."],"tags":[0,1,2,13,15,37,21,11,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"In any case, by the time you're 20, over 1,000 of your 5,200 weeks have passed.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":16,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":18,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["In","any","case",",","by","the","time","you","'re","20",",","over","1,000","of","your","5,200","weeks","have","passed","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"Depending on what you aspire to, at this point you're either working already or have entered further education.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":80,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Depending","on","what","you","aspire","to",",","at","this","point","you","'re","either","working","already","or","have","entered","further","education","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,1,15,0,27,13,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The amount of fun you can have in this phase of your life varies a lot.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","amount","of","fun","you","can","have","in","this","phase","of","your","life","varies","a","lot","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If you pick up a trade or need to work to support yourself or others, the serious side of life begins earlier.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":93,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":20,"token_start":16},{"end":100,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":95,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":22,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["If","you","pick","up","a","trade","or","need","to","work","to","support","yourself","or","others",",","the","serious","side","of","life","begins","earlier","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,25,13,0]}
{"text":"If you go to university, you get to push back work life a bit longer.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","go","to","university",",","you","get","to","push","back","work","life","a","bit","longer","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"People tend to work until the age of 65, which means that you'll spend at least 2,000 weeks of your life with serious adult work,","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["People","tend","to","work","until","the","age","of","65",",","which","means","that","you","'ll","spend","at","least","2,000","weeks","of","your","life","with","serious","adult","work",","],"tags":[1,19,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This is such an important thing that we'll look at work and how you can try to find a satisfying career in another video.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":119,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":24,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","such","an","important","thing","that","we","'ll","look","at","work","and","how","you","can","try","to","find","a","satisfying","career","in","another","video","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This is the main block of life for most people, the time when you might have kids and travel a bit and climb the career ladder and build a house, may get divorced and fall in love again.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":184,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":39,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","the","main","block","of","life","for","most","people",",","the","time","when","you","might","have","kids","and","travel","a","bit","and","climb","the","career","ladder","and","build","a","house",",","may","get","divorced","and","fall","in","love","again","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In this phase, you transition from being young to middle-aged to old, not old old, but the young old of your 60s.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":26,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","this","phase",",","you","transition","from","being","young","to","middle","-","aged","to","old",",","not","old","old",",","but","the","young","old","of","your","60s","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At 65, you've used up 3,400 of your 5,200 weeks.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","65",",","you","'ve","used","up","3,400","of","your","5,200","weeks","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The last phase of your life begins.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","last","phase","of","your","life","begins","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,0]}
{"text":"If you've managed to acquire enough wealth to retire, in theory, you're now free to do whatever you like for up to 1,800 weeks.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":70,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":125,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":27,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","you","'ve","managed","to","acquire","enough","wealth","to","retire",",","in","theory",",","you","'re","now","free","to","do","whatever","you","like","for","up","to","1,800","weeks","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But of course, this is not how it works for the majority of you watching this video.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","of","course",",","this","is","not","how","it","works","for","the","majority","of","you","watching","this","video","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"19 out of 20 people will not live to 100.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["19","out","of","20","people","will","not","live","to","100","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The average lifespan in the US is 79.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","average","lifespan","in","the","US","is","79","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"In Germany, it's 81.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","Germany",",","it","'s","81","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"In Brazil, it's 75.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","Brazil",",","it","'s","75","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"If you die at age 80, which is still not bad, you only have 780 weeks of freedom after you retire.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":19,"token_start":16},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":22,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","you","die","at","age","80",",","which","is","still","not","bad",",","you","only","have","780","weeks","of","freedom","after","you","retire","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"That's roughly as many weeks of freedom as an old person as you spent as a child.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","roughly","as","many","weeks","of","freedom","as","an","old","person","as","you","spent","as","a","child","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, disease and the tiredness of age trip you up here, because with old age, the human body begins to decline sharply.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","disease","and","the","tiredness","of","age","trip","you","up","here",",","because","with","old","age",",","the","human","body","begins","to","decline","sharply","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,35,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For example, the vast majority of cancer-related deaths occur in people over 70.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["For","example",",","the","vast","majority","of","cancer","-","related","deaths","occur","in","people","over","70","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you bet all your fun cards on being free and happy in your retirement, you might be bitterly disappointed.","spans":[{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":85,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":107,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":20,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","you","bet","all","your","fun","cards","on","being","free","and","happy","in","your","retirement",",","you","might","be","bitterly","disappointed","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"And all of this is still assuming things work out, and you even get to grow old.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","all","of","this","is","still","assuming","things","work","out",",","and","you","even","get","to","grow","old","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,13,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You can drown in a pool at age 7, get cancer at age 32, die in a car crash at age 48, you can fall from a ladder at age 60.","spans":[{"end":89,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":93,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":90,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":98,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":94,"token_end":27,"token_start":27},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":30,"token_start":28},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":113,"token_end":33,"token_start":31}],"tokens":["You","can","drown","in","a","pool","at","age","7",",","get","cancer","at","age","32",",","die","in","a","car","crash","at","age","48",",","you","can","fall","from","a","ladder","at","age","60","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,15,21,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Every day, the universe rolls a bunch of dice for every human, and every day, someone somewhere on this planet rolls a critical failure, and their life ends that day.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":165,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":33,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Every","day",",","the","universe","rolls","a","bunch","of","dice","for","every","human",",","and","every","day",",","someone","somewhere","on","this","planet","rolls","a","critical","failure",",","and","their","life","ends","that","day","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The older you get, the more dice are rolled for you.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","older","you","get",",","the","more","dice","are","rolled","for","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Usually, when you swim through the ocean that is your life, you don't think about all of this too much, and that's fine.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":69,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":20,"token_start":18},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":22,"token_start":21},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":108,"token_end":27,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["Usually",",","when","you","swim","through","the","ocean","that","is","your","life",",","you","do","n't","think","about","all","of","this","too","much",",","and","that","'s","fine","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,31,32,5,6,6,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Life is engaging enough by itself, and the future is this undefined weird thing.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Life","is","engaging","enough","by","itself",",","and","the","future","is","this","undefined","weird","thing","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But thinking about it from time to time is helpful in refocusing on what you want to do, and to minimize regrets you will have when you look back.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":145,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":29,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","thinking","about","it","from","time","to","time","is","helpful","in","refocusing","on","what","you","want","to","do",",","and","to","minimize","regrets","you","will","have","when","you","look","back","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Life is complicated, and it's hard to make decisions between all the things and people that are important to you.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":112,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Life","is","complicated",",","and","it","'s","hard","to","make","decisions","between","all","the","things","and","people","that","are","important","to","you","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This has become painfully obvious to billions of people during the coronavirus pandemic.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","has","become","painfully","obvious","to","billions","of","people","during","the","coronavirus","pandemic","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you respected social distancing, so many things that we took for granted were not available anymore.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":79,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":83,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":93,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":17,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","you","respected","social","distancing",",","so","many","things","that","we","took","for","granted","were","not","available","anymore","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,13,0]}
{"text":"Spending time together became limited and precious.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Spending","time","together","became","limited","and","precious","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But actually, the time you have with the people you love is already precious.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","actually",",","the","time","you","have","with","the","people","you","love","is","already","precious","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"Think of your parents.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Think","of","your","parents","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,0]}
{"text":"As a child, you spend basically every day with them.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["As","a","child",",","you","spend","basically","every","day","with","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Your time spent together begins to decline as you transition and become a teenager, and fight to develop your own identity.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Your","time","spent","together","begins","to","decline","as","you","transition","and","become","a","teenager",",","and","fight","to","develop","your","own","identity","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But as teenagers, you probably still see them regularly, which changes as you enter your twenties, but most people move out.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","as","teenagers",",","you","probably","still","see","them","regularly",",","which","changes","as","you","enter","your","twenties",",","but","most","people","move","out","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,13,13,19,5,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"you still have already spent more than 90% of the time you will ever spend with them, even if they grow pretty old.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":17,"token_start":5},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":24,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["you","still","have","already","spent","more","than","90","%","of","the","time","you","will","ever","spend","with","them",",","even","if","they","grow","pretty","old","."],"tags":[1,13,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If they die earlier, or if you see them only a few days each year, this number shrinks even more.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":18,"token_start":17},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":79,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":21,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","they","die","earlier",",","or","if","you","see","them","only","a","few","days","each","year",",","this","number","shrinks","even","more","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,13,14,0]}
{"text":"So, in all likelihood, the vast majority of time you will ever spend with your parents has passed.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":17,"token_start":6},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":87,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":97,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":91,"token_end":19,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["So",",","in","all","likelihood",",","the","vast","majority","of","time","you","will","ever","spend","with","your","parents","has","passed","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"The same holds true for your siblings or old friends that moved to the other side of the country.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","same","holds","true","for","your","siblings","or","old","friends","that","moved","to","the","other","side","of","the","country","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You're at the tail end of the time with some of the most important people in your life.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["You","'re","at","the","tail","end","of","the","time","with","some","of","the","most","important","people","in","your","life","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One day, you will see them for the last time.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["One","day",",","you","will","see","them","for","the","last","time","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And it's actually the same with everything else.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","it","'s","actually","the","same","with","everything","else","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The concept of doing something for the last time feels eerie, like something that you should only experience when you're on death row,","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":132,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","concept","of","doing","something","for","the","last","time","feels","eerie",",","like","something","that","you","should","only","experience","when","you","'re","on","death","row",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But it happens all the time.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","it","happens","all","the","time","."],"tags":[0,1,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Is there a hobby you've been lazy about for a long time?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Is","there","a","hobby","you","'ve","been","lazy","about","for","a","long","time","?"],"tags":[25,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Maybe you still have those Warhammer minis that you wanted to paint.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Maybe","you","still","have","those","Warhammer","minis","that","you","wanted","to","paint","."],"tags":[13,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Did you always want to revisit that place where you had an amazing time a decade ago?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Did","you","always","want","to","revisit","that","place","where","you","had","an","amazing","time","a","decade","ago","?"],"tags":[15,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Is there someone you wanted to reach out to for a long time, but haven't yet?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Is","there","someone","you","wanted","to","reach","out","to","for","a","long","time",",","but","have","n't","yet","?"],"tags":[25,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Or pick up that sport again to meet new friends?","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Or","pick","up","that","sport","again","to","meet","new","friends","?"],"tags":[0,31,32,5,6,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Maybe you will never do any of these things again, because life gets in the way, and at some point, it's too late.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":26,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Maybe","you","will","never","do","any","of","these","things","again",",","because","life","gets","in","the","way",",","and","at","some","point",",","it","'s","too","late","."],"tags":[13,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As the global pandemic begins to wind down, we will all soon be able to be with each other again and do fun things together.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":71,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":96,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":20,"token_start":17},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":101,"token_end":25,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["As","the","global","pandemic","begins","to","wind","down",",","we","will","all","soon","be","able","to","be","with","each","other","again","and","do","fun","things","together","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,39,13,17,18,18,21,11,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's never a bad time to reach out to a friend or a potential friend and let them know that you're looking forward to hanging out.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":129,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":27,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","'s","never","a","bad","time","to","reach","out","to","a","friend","or","a","potential","friend","and","let","them","know","that","you","'re","looking","forward","to","hanging","out","."],"tags":[3,21,37,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But no matter when you're watching this, our life is an incredible gift, and there are so many fun, engaging, and fulfilling things to do.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":137,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":29,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["But","no","matter","when","you","'re","watching","this",",","our","life","is","an","incredible","gift",",","and","there","are","so","many","fun",",","engaging",",","and","fulfilling","things","to","do","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And you get to decide what and who matters to you.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","you","get","to","decide","what","and","who","matters","to","you","."],"tags":[0,1,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But what matters the most is that you actually make decisions from time to time.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","what","matters","the","most","is","that","you","actually","make","decisions","from","time","to","time","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This video was based on and inspired by an article by our friend Tim Urban of WaitButWhy, the best blog on the internet.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","video","was","based","on","and","inspired","by","an","article","by","our","friend","Tim","Urban","of","WaitButWhy",",","the","best","blog","on","the","internet","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,35,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Be sure to check it out to get more new perspectives on things.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":12,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Be","sure","to","check","it","out","to","get","more","new","perspectives","on","things","."],"tags":[21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"we created a Kurzgesagt version of the calendar of your life that lets you track how many weeks of your life you've spent already and how many you have left.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":155,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":30,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["we","created","a","Kurzgesagt","version","of","the","calendar","of","your","life","that","lets","you","track","how","many","weeks","of","your","life","you","'ve","spent","already","and","how","many","you","have","left","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You can also color in the weeks to keep track of exactly how you're spending them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["You","can","also","color","in","the","weeks","to","keep","track","of","exactly","how","you","'re","spending","them","."],"tags":[1,15,13,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you're just looking for a visual reminder to put things in perspective, we've made a timeline of your life.","spans":[{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":22,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","just","looking","for","a","visual","reminder","to","put","things","in","perspective",",","we","'ve","made","a","timeline","of","your","life","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's printed in vibrant neon colors on high-quality paper and will look great as an art piece on your wall.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["It","'s","printed","in","vibrant","neon","colors","on","high","-","quality","paper","and","will","look","great","as","an","art","piece","on","your","wall","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Like all of our products, these posters were designed with love and produced with care by us here at Kurzgesagt.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Like","all","of","our","products",",","these","posters","were","designed","with","love","and","produced","with","care","by","us","here","at","Kurzgesagt","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Getting something from our shop is the best way to support our channel while getting something beautiful in return.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":113,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Getting","something","from","our","shop","is","the","best","way","to","support","our","channel","while","getting","something","beautiful","in","return","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Because of you, we can keep making elaborate videos like the one you just watched and release them for free for everyone.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":7},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":86,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Because","of","you",",","we","can","keep","making","elaborate","videos","like","the","one","you","just","watched","and","release","them","for","free","for","everyone","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so much for your support.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","for","your","support","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The past is a vast and mysterious land that begins at the Big Bang and ends in the present, expanding with each passing moment.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":125,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":24,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","past","is","a","vast","and","mysterious","land","that","begins","at","the","Big","Bang","and","ends","in","the","present",",","expanding","with","each","passing","moment","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's the home of everything that came before, the key to understanding our present.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","the","home","of","everything","that","came","before",",","the","key","to","understanding","our","present","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Here we find the most amazing creatures to ever roam our planet, hundreds of millions of species so diverse that our imagination cannot do them justice.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":150,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":27,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Here","we","find","the","most","amazing","creatures","to","ever","roam","our","planet",",","hundreds","of","millions","of","species","so","diverse","that","our","imagination","can","not","do","them","justice","."],"tags":[13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, the past carefully guards its secrets.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","the","past","carefully","guards","its","secrets","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,13,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"While there are a lot of things about the past we know, there are way more things we know we don't know.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":103,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["While","there","are","a","lot","of","things","about","the","past","we","know",",","there","are","way","more","things","we","know","we","do","n't","know","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And worse, there are probably even more things we don't even know that we don't know about.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":90,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","worse",",","there","are","probably","even","more","things","we","do","n't","even","know","that","we","do","n't","know","about","."],"tags":[0,13,0,3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Think of the wonder of life.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Think","of","the","wonder","of","life","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We now recognize about 1.5 million eukaryotic species, but there may be as many as 10 million alive today.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","now","recognize","about","1.5","million","eukaryotic","species",",","but","there","may","be","as","many","as","10","million","alive","today","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And although we are adding some 15,000 new species to our collective knowledge each year, the vast majority of life on Earth is still undiscovered.","spans":[{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":14,"token_start":1},{"end":124,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":22,"token_start":16},{"end":127,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":125,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":128,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":146,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":134,"token_end":25,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["And","although","we","are","adding","some","15,000","new","species","to","our","collective","knowledge","each","year",",","the","vast","majority","of","life","on","Earth","is","still","undiscovered","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"This is just what is around today.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","just","what","is","around","today","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"An estimated 4 billion species emerged on our planet in past eons.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["An","estimated","4","billion","species","emerged","on","our","planet","in","past","eons","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But at least 99% of them died out way before humans spoke the first words.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","at","least","99","%","of","them","died","out","way","before","humans","spoke","the","first","words","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The vast majority of all the different species that ever existed are so utterly deleted that they have become part of the unknown unknown part of the past, lost to us forever.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","vast","majority","of","all","the","different","species","that","ever","existed","are","so","utterly","deleted","that","they","have","become","part","of","the","unknown","unknown","part","of","the","past",",","lost","to","us","forever","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,14,29,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Could we use science and imagination to glimpse a shadow of the unreachable past?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Could","we","use","science","and","imagination","to","glimpse","a","shadow","of","the","unreachable","past","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's start with what we do know.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","start","with","what","we","do","know","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"To learn about creatures of the past we need fossils.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["To","learn","about","creatures","of","the","past","we","need","fossils","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"The totality of all fossils on Earth is called the fossil record, and it's the most important window on the past we'll ever have.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":26,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","totality","of","all","fossils","on","Earth","is","called","the","fossil","record",",","and","it","'s","the","most","important","window","on","the","past","we","'ll","ever","have","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"For a dead animal to fossilize, a number of things must go just right.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["For","a","dead","animal","to","fossilize",",","a","number","of","things","must","go","just","right","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"And then the fossil needs to survive for millions or hundreds of millions of years and then get back to the surface and then be discovered before natural processes dissolve it.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":175,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":30,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","then","the","fossil","needs","to","survive","for","millions","or","hundreds","of","millions","of","years","and","then","get","back","to","the","surface","and","then","be","discovered","before","natural","processes","dissolve","it","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So it is kind of a miracle that we have what we have and know what we know.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","it","is","kind","of","a","miracle","that","we","have","what","we","have","and","know","what","we","know","."],"tags":[0,3,21,11,12,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Take the dinosaurs, since they were one of the largest and most successful groups of animals for some 165 million years and are also a lot of fun to animate.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":30,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Take","the","dinosaurs",",","since","they","were","one","of","the","largest","and","most","successful","groups","of","animals","for","some","165","million","years","and","are","also","a","lot","of","fun","to","animate","."],"tags":[19,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What were they really like and what are we missing?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["What","were","they","really","like","and","what","are","we","missing","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,13,11,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In the last 200 years we've found tens of thousands of fossils from over 1,000 dinosaur species.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","the","last","200","years","we","'ve","found","tens","of","thousands","of","fossils","from","over","1,000","dinosaur","species","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Lately we've entered a golden era of discovery and about 50 new dinosaur species are discovered each year,","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Lately","we","'ve","entered","a","golden","era","of","discovery","and","about","50","new","dinosaur","species","are","discovered","each","year",","],"tags":[13,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But it also makes us aware of all the things lost to the past forever.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","it","also","makes","us","aware","of","all","the","things","lost","to","the","past","forever","."],"tags":[0,1,13,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Imagine if we took all the animals that lived in the last 50 million years and randomly chose 10,000 individuals from 1,000 species to fossilize.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":144,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":24,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","if","we","took","all","the","animals","that","lived","in","the","last","50","million","years","and","randomly","chose","10,000","individuals","from","1,000","species","to","fossilize","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Think about all the things that would be missed or that seemed too weird to be true.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Think","about","all","the","things","that","would","be","missed","or","that","seemed","too","weird","to","be","true","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Like the giraffe, a yellow animal with brown patterns that looks like a horse and an antelope had a baby with a long neck and two tiny hairy horns.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":17,"token_start":4},{"end":96,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":94,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":145,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":29,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Like","the","giraffe",",","a","yellow","animal","with","brown","patterns","that","looks","like","a","horse","and","an","antelope","had","a","baby","with","a","long","neck","and","two","tiny","hairy","horns","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"How many dinosaur giraffes were there?","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["How","many","dinosaur","giraffes","were","there","?"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,3,0]}
{"text":"We've found animals so weird and selected for ecological niches so specific that evolution molded their bodies very absurdly.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":124,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'ve","found","animals","so","weird","and","selected","for","ecological","niches","so","specific","that","evolution","molded","their","bodies","very","absurdly","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Today they might seem made up to us.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Today","they","might","seem","made","up","to","us","."],"tags":[13,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We know a lot of species are lost forever just because of the environment they lived in.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","know","a","lot","of","species","are","lost","forever","just","because","of","the","environment","they","lived","in","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For example, lush jungles basically prevent fossilization as the chances that an animal will be buried here are low.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","example",",","lush","jungles","basically","prevent","fossilization","as","the","chances","that","an","animal","will","be","buried","here","are","low","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,13,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Countless scavengers of all sizes break down freshly deceased animals extremely quickly and the soil is often so acidic that bones are dissolved.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":92,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Countless","scavengers","of","all","sizes","break","down","freshly","deceased","animals","extremely","quickly","and","the","soil","is","often","so","acidic","that","bones","are","dissolved","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And so fossils of dinosaurs from jungles are practically non-existent.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","so","fossils","of","dinosaurs","from","jungles","are","practically","non","-","existent","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Today, half of all known species live in the few remaining rainforests that only cover 2% of Earth's landmass.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Today",",","half","of","all","known","species","live","in","the","few","remaining","rainforests","that","only","cover","2","%","of","Earth","'s","landmass","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Millions of years ago, when dinosaurs roamed Earth, jungles covered much more of the planet.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Millions","of","years","ago",",","when","dinosaurs","roamed","Earth",",","jungles","covered","much","more","of","the","planet","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So, besides some insects and other small animals trapped in amber, there should be millions of species that emerged and vanished without leaving any trace.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":72,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":80,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":154,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":26,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So",",","besides","some","insects","and","other","small","animals","trapped","in","amber",",","there","should","be","millions","of","species","that","emerged","and","vanished","without","leaving","any","trace","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But just in general, biology trips us up.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","just","in","general",",","biology","trips","us","up","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,25,5,35,0]}
{"text":"Look at your body.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Look","at","your","body","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,0]}
{"text":"It's mainly squishy, gooey, soft stuff, which does not preserve well.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","mainly","squishy",",","gooey",",","soft","stuff",",","which","does","not","preserve","well","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"What remains the longest are the crystallized parts of your bones and so most dinosaur fossils are bones or teeth, usually fragments, not entire skeletons.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":154,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":26,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["What","remains","the","longest","are","the","crystallized","parts","of","your","bones","and","so","most","dinosaur","fossils","are","bones","or","teeth",",","usually","fragments",",","not","entire","skeletons","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This means that almost all boneless or shell-less animals are practically wiped from the fossil record.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","that","almost","all","boneless","or","shell","-","less","animals","are","practically","wiped","from","the","fossil","record","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If we take a look at the stunning diversity of weird animals like worms, jellyfish and slugs alive today, we can only speculate what we are missing.","spans":[{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":19,"token_start":0},{"end":108,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":112,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":109,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":113,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":127,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":118,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":147,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":128,"token_end":28,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["If","we","take","a","look","at","the","stunning","diversity","of","weird","animals","like","worms",",","jellyfish","and","slugs","alive","today",",","we","can","only","speculate","what","we","are","missing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Although thankfully, many mostly soft and gooey species also left us an incredible diversity of shells that tell us an amazing amount about our past, so at least we have that.","spans":[{"end":147,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":25,"token_start":0},{"end":151,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":150,"token_end":27,"token_start":27},{"end":160,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":153,"token_end":29,"token_start":28},{"end":163,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":162,"token_end":30,"token_start":30},{"end":168,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":165,"token_end":31,"token_start":31},{"end":173,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":170,"token_end":32,"token_start":32}],"tokens":["Although","thankfully",",","many","mostly","soft","and","gooey","species","also","left","us","an","incredible","diversity","of","shells","that","tell","us","an","amazing","amount","about","our","past",",","so","at","least","we","have","that","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,13,14,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Still, when we think about all the boneless species that may have existed in the last half billion years, even our best attempt at imagining them falls short.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":19,"token_start":2},{"end":145,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":27,"token_start":21},{"end":151,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":146,"token_end":28,"token_start":28},{"end":157,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":152,"token_end":29,"token_start":29}],"tokens":["Still",",","when","we","think","about","all","the","boneless","species","that","may","have","existed","in","the","last","half","billion","years",",","even","our","best","attempt","at","imagining","them","falls","short","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,33,0]}
{"text":"But it's not like reimagining something based on its bones is straightforward and so the way we envisage what dinosaurs actually looked like has changed a lot in the last few years.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":180,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":32,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","not","like","reimagining","something","based","on","its","bones","is","straightforward","and","so","the","way","we","envisage","what","dinosaurs","actually","looked","like","has","changed","a","lot","in","the","last","few","years","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In the past, many illustrations had a bony, minimalistic look with a toothy grin to signify fierceness and danger.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","the","past",",","many","illustrations","had","a","bony",",","minimalistic","look","with","a","toothy","grin","to","signify","fierceness","and","danger","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But if we draw today's animals in a similar way based on their skeletons, just for the fun of it, we get the most bizarre creatures.","spans":[{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":14,"token_start":1},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":21,"token_start":16},{"end":100,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":104,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":101,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":131,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":28,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["But","if","we","draw","today","'s","animals","in","a","similar","way","based","on","their","skeletons",",","just","for","the","fun","of","it",",","we","get","the","most","bizarre","creatures","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So, similar to animals today, we should imagine dinosaurs with much more soft tissue,","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So",",","similar","to","animals","today",",","we","should","imagine","dinosaurs","with","much","more","soft","tissue",","],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Some soft features actually leave distinctive traces on bones that we can look for in the skeletons of extinct animals,","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Some","soft","features","actually","leave","distinctive","traces","on","bones","that","we","can","look","for","in","the","skeletons","of","extinct","animals",","],"tags":[1,2,2,13,19,5,6,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It's a similar story with colors.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","similar","story","with","colors","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Because we know what the feathers of living birds look like,","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Because","we","know","what","the","feathers","of","living","birds","look","like",","],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"modern technology combined with the exceedingly rare fossils with preserved remains of fuzzy feathers give us a glimpse of the real colors of extinct dinosaurs.","spans":[{"end":100,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":105,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":102,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":108,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":158,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":24,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["modern","technology","combined","with","the","exceedingly","rare","fossils","with","preserved","remains","of","fuzzy","feathers","give","us","a","glimpse","of","the","real","colors","of","extinct","dinosaurs","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"We know that tiny Cynosauropteryx had a striped tail, and its tiny dino buddy Ancheionis huxleyi was white and black with gorgeous red feathers around its head.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":159,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":27,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","know","that","tiny","Cynosauropteryx","had","a","striped","tail",",","and","its","tiny","dino","buddy","Ancheionis","huxleyi","was","white","and","black","with","gorgeous","red","feathers","around","its","head","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Still, for the vast majority of really any ancient extinct species, we have no real clue what color they were.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Still",",","for","the","vast","majority","of","really","any","ancient","extinct","species",",","we","have","no","real","clue","what","color","they","were","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But we know what modern dinosaurs, birds, look like, and here we find the most amazing variety.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","we","know","what","modern","dinosaurs",",","birds",",","look","like",",","and","here","we","find","the","most","amazing","variety","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So some dinosaurs will have tried to blend into the background, while others might have fielded aggressive color schemes to attract mates or to appear dangerous.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":160,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":26,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","some","dinosaurs","will","have","tried","to","blend","into","the","background",",","while","others","might","have","fielded","aggressive","color","schemes","to","attract","mates","or","to","appear","dangerous","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Some might have had impressive decorations or colorful beaks.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Some","might","have","had","impressive","decorations","or","colorful","beaks","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Some may have been striped or patent.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Some","may","have","been","striped","or","patent","."],"tags":[1,15,15,15,29,0,41,0]}
{"text":"Similarly, we don't know that much about dinosaur behavior, although once again we can draw conclusions from existing animals.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Similarly",",","we","do","n't","know","that","much","about","dinosaur","behavior",",","although","once","again","we","can","draw","conclusions","from","existing","animals","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,37,19,13,14,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For example, even apex predators like lions spend a lot of their time lying around and cuddling and licking each other and playing.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":129,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["For","example",",","even","apex","predators","like","lions","spend","a","lot","of","their","time","lying","around","and","cuddling","and","licking","each","other","and","playing","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Why would dinosaurs be so different?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Why","would","dinosaurs","be","so","different","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"When we first found the skull of T. rex with its mighty teeth, and probably the strongest bite of any land animal ever, we imagined a fierce and stupid beast.","spans":[{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":23,"token_start":0},{"end":121,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":120,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":130,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":123,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":156,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":132,"token_end":31,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["When","we","first","found","the","skull","of","T.","rex","with","its","mighty","teeth",",","and","probably","the","strongest","bite","of","any","land","animal","ever",",","we","imagined","a","fierce","and","stupid","beast","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But modern scanning technology has revealed that T. rex had a larger brain-to-body ratio than some earlier giant meat-eaters,","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":124,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":24,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","modern","scanning","technology","has","revealed","that","T.","rex","had","a","larger","brain","-","to","-","body","ratio","than","some","earlier","giant","meat","-","eaters",","],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"and it probably had very sharp hearing, vision, and a sense of smell, and was in all likelihood not a stupid animal.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":14,"token_start":4},{"end":115,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":24,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["and","it","probably","had","very","sharp","hearing",",","vision",",","and","a","sense","of","smell",",","and","was","in","all","likelihood","not","a","stupid","animal","."],"tags":[0,1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So maybe T. rex was a cuddly fellow that spent a lot of time playing around or impressing potential mates when it was not hungry.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":128,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":24,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","maybe","T.","rex","was","a","cuddly","fellow","that","spent","a","lot","of","time","playing","around","or","impressing","potential","mates","when","it","was","not","hungry","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Likewise, while their horns and shields might have made ceratopsids appear to be natural-born fighters, they were probably much more than that.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":17,"token_start":2},{"end":107,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":112,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":109,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":114,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":141,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":123,"token_end":25,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Likewise",",","while","their","horns","and","shields","might","have","made","ceratopsids","appear","to","be","natural","-","born","fighters",",","they","were","probably","much","more","than","that","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"maybe their shields were amazingly colorful, maybe it danced for its mates like many birds do today.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["maybe","their","shields","were","amazingly","colorful",",","maybe","it","danced","for","its","mates","like","many","birds","do","today","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,13,1,23,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"How intensely amazing these creatures must have been.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["How","intensely","amazing","these","creatures","must","have","been","."],"tags":[11,12,12,1,2,15,15,21,0]}
{"text":"And what a loss it is to us that we don't get to experience them firsthand.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","what","a","loss","it","is","to","us","that","we","do","n't","get","to","experience","them","firsthand","."],"tags":[0,11,12,12,3,21,13,14,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But such is life.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","such","is","life","."],"tags":[0,1,25,11,0]}
{"text":"Time marches on without any concern for our feelings, and the past expands with every moment that passes.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Time","marches","on","without","any","concern","for","our","feelings",",","and","the","past","expands","with","every","moment","that","passes","."],"tags":[1,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Most wild animals alive today will in all likelihood not leave fossils behind, and also just disappear forever.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":71,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":83,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Most","wild","animals","alive","today","will","in","all","likelihood","not","leave","fossils","behind",",","and","also","just","disappear","forever","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,13,14,14,37,19,5,35,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We can do something about that, though.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","can","do","something","about","that",",","though","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,0,13,0]}
{"text":"Instead of accelerating the extinction we are witnessing, we could become the guardians of life and preserve it where we find it.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":100,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Instead","of","accelerating","the","extinction","we","are","witnessing",",","we","could","become","the","guardians","of","life","and","preserve","it","where","we","find","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Because as amazing as our imagination is, and as fascinating to think about the animals that are part of the unknown unknown, it is even better to witness them in the present.","spans":[{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":22,"token_start":1},{"end":128,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":126,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":131,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":129,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":143,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":132,"token_end":27,"token_start":26},{"end":174,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":144,"token_end":33,"token_start":28}],"tokens":["Because","as","amazing","as","our","imagination","is",",","and","as","fascinating","to","think","about","the","animals","that","are","part","of","the","unknown","unknown",",","it","is","even","better","to","witness","them","in","the","present","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"There is one more exciting way to experience dinosaurs, though, this year.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["There","is","one","more","exciting","way","to","experience","dinosaurs",",","though",",","this","year","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,13,14,0]}
{"text":"As always, we're adding 10,000 years to the regular calendar to represent the Human Era and include all cultures around the world.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["As","always",",","we","'re","adding","10,000","years","to","the","regular","calendar","to","represent","the","Human","Era","and","include","all","cultures","around","the","world","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But this year, we're expanding the scope beyond humanity to showcase forgotten animals and plants from all across the Phanerozoic Eon,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","this","year",",","we","'re","expanding","the","scope","beyond","humanity","to","showcase","forgotten","animals","and","plants","from","all","across","the","Phanerozoic","Eon",","],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Witness how multicellular life has persisted for over half a billion years, surviving asteroid impacts, volcanoes, and frozen oceans.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":132,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":21,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Witness","how","multicellular","life","has","persisted","for","over","half","a","billion","years",",","surviving","asteroid","impacts",",","volcanoes",",","and","frozen","oceans","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In the end, life, uh, finds a way.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","life",",","uh",",","finds","a","way","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,0,0,0,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"And we want to celebrate that.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","we","want","to","celebrate","that","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You can get the very shiny, high-quality, limited edition now until we sell out, and then never again.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":12,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["You","can","get","the","very","shiny",",","high","-","quality",",","limited","edition","now","until","we","sell","out",",","and","then","never","again","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"As every year, we also have bundles and special calendar deals with some of your favorite products.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["As","every","year",",","we","also","have","bundles","and","special","calendar","deals","with","some","of","your","favorite","products","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so much to all of the thousands of birbs who get the calendar every year.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","to","all","of","the","thousands","of","birbs","who","get","the","calendar","every","year","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You enable us to create videos and to publish them for free for everyone.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":72,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","enable","us","to","create","videos","and","to","publish","them","for","free","for","everyone","."],"tags":[1,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"We wish you a happy year 12,022.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","wish","you","a","happy","year","12,022","."],"tags":[1,19,9,7,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"The observable universe is a big place that's been around for more than 13 billion years.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","observable","universe","is","a","big","place","that","'s","been","around","for","more","than","13","billion","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Up to 2 trillion galaxies, made up of something like 20,000 billion billion stars, surround our home galaxy.","spans":[{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":91,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":83,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Up","to","2","trillion","galaxies",",","made","up","of","something","like","20,000","billion","billion","stars",",","surround","our","home","galaxy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In the Milky Way alone, scientists assume there are some 40 billion Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of their stars.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":123,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":23,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","the","Milky","Way","alone",",","scientists","assume","there","are","some","40","billion","Earth","-","like","planets","in","the","habitable","zone","of","their","stars","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"When we look at these numbers, it's hard to imagine that there is nobody else out there.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["When","we","look","at","these","numbers",",","it","'s","hard","to","imagine","that","there","is","nobody","else","out","there","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It would change our perception of ourselves forever if we found others.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","would","change","our","perception","of","ourselves","forever","if","we","found","others","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Just knowing that this vast place is not dead would shift our perspective outwards and could help us get over our irrelevant quarrels.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":133,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":87,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Just","knowing","that","this","vast","place","is","not","dead","would","shift","our","perspective","outwards","and","could","help","us","get","over","our","irrelevant","quarrels","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But before looking for our new best friends or worst enemies, we have a problem to solve.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","before","looking","for","our","new","best","friends","or","worst","enemies",",","we","have","a","problem","to","solve","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"What are we actually looking for?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","are","we","actually","looking","for","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,13,31,32,0]}
{"text":"In a universe that big and old, we have to assume that civilizations start millions of years apart from each other and develop in different directions and speeds.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":161,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":28,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","a","universe","that","big","and","old",",","we","have","to","assume","that","civilizations","start","millions","of","years","apart","from","each","other","and","develop","in","different","directions","and","speeds","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So not only are we looking over distances of dozens to hundreds of thousands of light years, we're looking for a civilization ranging from cavemen to super-advanced.","spans":[{"end":95,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":95,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":110,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":21,"token_start":20},{"end":164,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":111,"token_end":30,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["So","not","only","are","we","looking","over","distances","of","dozens","to","hundreds","of","thousands","of","light","years",",","we","'re","looking","for","a","civilization","ranging","from","cavemen","to","super","-","advanced","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So we need a conceptual framework to enable us to think better thoughts that make us able to search better.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","we","need","a","conceptual","framework","to","enable","us","to","think","better","thoughts","that","make","us","able","to","search","better","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Are there universal rules that intelligent species follow?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Are","there","universal","rules","that","intelligent","species","follow","?"],"tags":[21,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Currently, our civilization sample size is only one, so we may make incorrect assumptions based solely on ourselves.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Currently",",","our","civilization","sample","size","is","only","one",",","so","we","may","make","incorrect","assumptions","based","solely","on","ourselves","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We know that humans started out with nothing but minds and hands that could build tools.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","know","that","humans","started","out","with","nothing","but","minds","and","hands","that","could","build","tools","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We know that humans are curious, competitive, greedy for resources, and expansionist.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","know","that","humans","are","curious",",","competitive",",","greedy","for","resources",",","and","expansionist","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The more of these qualities our ancestors had, the more successful they were in the civilization-building game.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":75,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","more","of","these","qualities","our","ancestors","had",",","the","more","successful","they","were","in","the","civilization","-","building","game","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,1,21,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Being one with nature is nice, but it's not the path to irrigation systems or gunpowder or cities.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Being","one","with","nature","is","nice",",","but","it","'s","not","the","path","to","irrigation","systems","or","gunpowder","or","cities","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So it's reasonable to assume that aliens able to take over their home planet also have these qualities.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":102,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","it","'s","reasonable","to","assume","that","aliens","able","to","take","over","their","home","planet","also","have","these","qualities","."],"tags":[0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And if aliens have to follow the same laws of physics, then there is a measurable metric for progress.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":101,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","if","aliens","have","to","follow","the","same","laws","of","physics",",","then","there","is","a","measurable","metric","for","progress","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Human progress can be measured very precisely by how much energy we extracted from our environment and how we made it usable to do things.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":136,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Human","progress","can","be","measured","very","precisely","by","how","much","energy","we","extracted","from","our","environment","and","how","we","made","it","usable","to","do","things","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We started with muscles until we learned to control fire.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","started","with","muscles","until","we","learned","to","control","fire","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Then we made machines that used kinetic energy from water and wind.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Then","we","made","machines","that","used","kinetic","energy","from","water","and","wind","."],"tags":[13,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As our machines got better and our knowledge of materials expanded, we began to harness the concentrated energy from dead plants we dug up from the ground.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":154,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":27,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["As","our","machines","got","better","and","our","knowledge","of","materials","expanded",",","we","began","to","harness","the","concentrated","energy","from","dead","plants","we","dug","up","from","the","ground","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As our energy consumption grew exponentially, so did the abilities of our civilization.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":85,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["As","our","energy","consumption","grew","exponentially",",","so","did","the","abilities","of","our","civilization","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,23,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Between 1800 and 2015, population size had increased sevenfold while humanity was consuming 25 times more energy.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Between","1800","and","2015",",","population","size","had","increased","sevenfold","while","humanity","was","consuming","25","times","more","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's likely that this process will continue into the far future.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","likely","that","this","process","will","continue","into","the","far","future","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Based on these facts, scientist Nikolai Kardashev developed a method of categorizing civilizations from cave dwellers to gods ruling over galaxies.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":145,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Based","on","these","facts",",","scientist","Nikolai","Kardashev","developed","a","method","of","categorizing","civilizations","from","cave","dwellers","to","gods","ruling","over","galaxies","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The scale has been refined and expanded on over the decades, but in general it puts civilizations into four different categories.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","scale","has","been","refined","and","expanded","on","over","the","decades",",","but","in","general","it","puts","civilizations","into","four","different","categories","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A type 1 civilization is able to use the available energy of their home planet.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","type","1","civilization","is","able","to","use","the","available","energy","of","their","home","planet","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A type 2 civilization is able to use the available energy of their star and planetary system.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","type","2","civilization","is","able","to","use","the","available","energy","of","their","star","and","planetary","system","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A type 3 civilization is able to use the available energy of their galaxy.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","type","3","civilization","is","able","to","use","the","available","energy","of","their","galaxy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A type 4 civilization is able to use the available energy of multiple galaxies.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","type","4","civilization","is","able","to","use","the","available","energy","of","multiple","galaxies","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"These levels differ by orders of magnitude.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["These","levels","differ","by","orders","of","magnitude","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's like comparing an ant colony to a human metropolitan area.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","like","comparing","an","ant","colony","to","a","human","metropolitan","area","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"To ants, we are so complex and powerful, we might as well be gods.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["To","ants",",","we","are","so","complex","and","powerful",",","we","might","as","well","be","gods","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So to make the scale more useful, we need subcategories.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","to","make","the","scale","more","useful",",","we","need","subcategories","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"On the lower end of the spectrum, there are type 0 to type 1 civilizations.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["On","the","lower","end","of","the","spectrum",",","there","are","type","0","to","type","1","civilizations","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"These might actually be abundant in the Milky Way.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["These","might","actually","be","abundant","in","the","Milky","Way","."],"tags":[1,15,13,21,11,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But a civilization that is not actively transmitting radio signals into space might be as close as our nearest stellar neighbor,","spans":[{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":86,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":127,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","a","civilization","that","is","not","actively","transmitting","radio","signals","into","space","might","be","as","close","as","our","nearest","stellar","neighbor",","],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But even if they transmitted radio signals like we do, it might not be very helpful.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":70,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["But","even","if","they","transmitted","radio","signals","like","we","do",",","it","might","not","be","very","helpful","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"On an interstellar scale, humanity is practically invisible.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","an","interstellar","scale",",","humanity","is","practically","invisible","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Our signals may extend over an impressive 200 light years, but this is only a tiny fraction of the Milky Way.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Our","signals","may","extend","over","an","impressive","200","light","years",",","but","this","is","only","a","tiny","fraction","of","the","Milky","Way","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And even if someone were listening, after a few light years, our signals decay into noise, impossible to identify as the source of an intelligent species.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":73,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":153,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":28,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["And","even","if","someone","were","listening",",","after","a","few","light","years",",","our","signals","decay","into","noise",",","impossible","to","identify","as","the","source","of","an","intelligent","species","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Today, humanity ranks at about level 0.75.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Today",",","humanity","ranks","at","about","level","0.75","."],"tags":[13,0,1,25,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We have altered our planet.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","have","altered","our","planet","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,0]}
{"text":"We've created huge structures, mined and stripped mountains, removed rainforests and drained swamps.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'ve","created","huge","structures",",","mined","and","stripped","mountains",",","removed","rainforests","and","drained","swamps","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We've created rivers and lakes and changed the composition and temperature of the atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","'ve","created","rivers","and","lakes","and","changed","the","composition","and","temperature","of","the","atmosphere","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If progress continues, and we don't make Earth uninhabitable, we will become a full type 1 civilization in the next few hundred years.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":102,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":19,"token_start":15},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":25,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","progress","continues",",","and","we","do","n't","make","Earth","uninhabitable",",","we","will","become","a","full","type","1","civilization","in","the","next","few","hundred","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Any civilization that becomes a type 1 is bound to look outside because it's likely that it's still curious, competitive, greedy and expansionist.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":26,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Any","civilization","that","becomes","a","type","1","is","bound","to","look","outside","because","it","'s","likely","that","it","'s","still","curious",",","competitive",",","greedy","and","expansionist","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The next reasonable step towards transitioning to type 2 is trying to alter and mine other planets and bodies.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","next","reasonable","step","towards","transitioning","to","type","2","is","trying","to","alter","and","mine","other","planets","and","bodies","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This might start with outposts in space, transition to infrastructure and industries near the home planet,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","might","start","with","outposts","in","space",",","transition","to","infrastructure","and","industries","near","the","home","planet",","],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"As a civilization expands and uses more and more stuff and space, its energy consumption scales with them.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":94,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":89,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["As","a","civilization","expands","and","uses","more","and","more","stuff","and","space",",","its","energy","consumption","scales","with","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,13,14,0]}
{"text":"So, at some point, they may embark on the largest project a lower type 2 civilization can take on, harnessing the energy of their star by building a Dyson swarm.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":159,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":32,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So",",","at","some","point",",","they","may","embark","on","the","largest","project","a","lower","type","2","civilization","can","take","on",",","harnessing","the","energy","of","their","star","by","building","a","Dyson","swarm","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Once this megastructure is finished, energy has become practically unlimited for molding the home system however they see fit.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Once","this","megastructure","is","finished",",","energy","has","become","practically","unlimited","for","molding","the","home","system","however","they","see","fit","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If they are still curious, competitive, greedy and expansionist,","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["If","they","are","still","curious",",","competitive",",","greedy","and","expansionist",","],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"the next frontier moves to other stars light years away.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["the","next","frontier","moves","to","other","stars","light","years","away","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For a type 2 civilization, the distance to other stars might feel like the distance between Earth and Pluto does to us today.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":124,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["For","a","type","2","civilization",",","the","distance","to","other","stars","might","feel","like","the","distance","between","Earth","and","Pluto","does","to","us","today","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This begins their transition towards type 3.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","begins","their","transition","towards","type","3","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This step is so far beyond us that it becomes hard to imagine what exactly these challenges will look like and how they'll be solved.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":131,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","step","is","so","far","beyond","us","that","it","becomes","hard","to","imagine","what","exactly","these","challenges","will","look","like","and","how","they","'ll","be","solved","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Will they be able to find a solution to the vast distances and travel times of hundreds or thousands of years?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Will","they","be","able","to","find","a","solution","to","the","vast","distances","and","travel","times","of","hundreds","or","thousands","of","years","?"],"tags":[15,1,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Will they be able to communicate and keep a shared culture and biology between colonies light years apart?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Will","they","be","able","to","communicate","and","keep","a","shared","culture","and","biology","between","colonies","light","years","apart","?"],"tags":[15,1,17,18,18,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Or will they split into separate type 2 civilizations?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Or","will","they","split","into","separate","type","2","civilizations","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Are there deadly challenges between the stars?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Are","there","deadly","challenges","between","the","stars","?"],"tags":[21,3,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"So the closer a species gets to type 3, the harder it becomes to fathom what it might actually look like.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":104,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["So","the","closer","a","species","gets","to","type","3",",","the","harder","it","becomes","to","fathom","what","it","might","actually","look","like","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"They might discover new physics, may understand and control dark matter and energy, or be able to travel faster than light.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":87,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["They","might","discover","new","physics",",","may","understand","and","control","dark","matter","and","energy",",","or","be","able","to","travel","faster","than","light","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We might be unable to grasp their motives, technology and actions.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","might","be","unable","to","grasp","their","motives",",","technology","and","actions","."],"tags":[1,15,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Humans are the ants, trying to understand the galactic metropolitan area.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Humans","are","the","ants",",","trying","to","understand","the","galactic","metropolitan","area","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A high type 2 civilization might already consider humanity too primitive to even talk to.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":88,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["A","high","type","2","civilization","might","already","consider","humanity","too","primitive","to","even","talk","to","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"A type 3 civilization might feel about us like we feel about the bacteria living on the ant hill.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","type","3","civilization","might","feel","about","us","like","we","feel","about","the","bacteria","living","on","the","ant","hill","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Maybe they wouldn't even consider us conscious or our survival relevant.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Maybe","they","would","n't","even","consider","us","conscious","or","our","survival","relevant","."],"tags":[13,1,15,37,13,19,5,33,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We could only pray that they're nice gods.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","could","only","pray","that","they","'re","nice","gods","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But the scale doesn't necessarily end here.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","the","scale","does","n't","necessarily","end","here","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,37,13,19,13,0]}
{"text":"Some scientists suggest there might be type 4 and type 5 civilizations whose influence stretches over galaxy clusters or superclusters,","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":134,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","scientists","suggest","there","might","be","type","4","and","type","5","civilizations","whose","influence","stretches","over","galaxy","clusters","or","superclusters",","],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Ultimately, there might be a type omega civilization, able to manipulate the entire universe and possibly others.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":112,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Ultimately",",","there","might","be","a","type","omega","civilization",",","able","to","manipulate","the","entire","universe","and","possibly","others","."],"tags":[13,0,3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Type omega civilizations might be the actual creators of our universe for reasons beyond our comprehension.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Type","omega","civilizations","might","be","the","actual","creators","of","our","universe","for","reasons","beyond","our","comprehension","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Maybe they were just bored.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Maybe","they","were","just","bored","."],"tags":[13,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"As flawed as this classification may be, this thought experiment is already telling us interesting things.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":85,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":104,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["As","flawed","as","this","classification","may","be",",","this","thought","experiment","is","already","telling","us","interesting","things","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,13,27,9,7,8,0]}
{"text":"then we can be pretty sure that there are no civilizations of type 3 and beyond near the Milky Way.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["then","we","can","be","pretty","sure","that","there","are","no","civilizations","of","type","3","and","beyond","near","the","Milky","Way","."],"tags":[0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Their influence would in all likelihood be so all-encompassing and their technology so far above our own that we couldn't miss them.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":24,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Their","influence","would","in","all","likelihood","be","so","all","-","encompassing","and","their","technology","so","far","above","our","own","that","we","could","n't","miss","them","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,14,14,21,11,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The galaxies should flash with their activity in thousands of star systems.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","galaxies","should","flash","with","their","activity","in","thousands","of","star","systems","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We should be able to see or detect their artifacts or movements between different parts of their empire.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","should","be","able","to","see","or","detect","their","artifacts","or","movements","between","different","parts","of","their","empire","."],"tags":[1,15,17,18,18,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Even if a type 3 civilization did exist in the past and died a mysterious death, we should be able to detect some of the remnants of their empire.","spans":[{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":101,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":91,"token_end":21,"token_start":19},{"end":108,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":102,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":145,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":29,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["Even","if","a","type","3","civilization","did","exist","in","the","past","and","died","a","mysterious","death",",","we","should","be","able","to","detect","some","of","the","remnants","of","their","empire","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But when scientists looked, they didn't find remnants of harvested stars, decaying megastructures or scars of great interstellar wars.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","when","scientists","looked",",","they","did","n't","find","remnants","of","harvested","stars",",","decaying","megastructures","or","scars","of","great","interstellar","wars","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So they're very likely not out there and never were.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","they","'re","very","likely","not","out","there","and","never","were","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,37,13,14,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"In a sense, this is very sad but also very reassuring.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","a","sense",",","this","is","very","sad","but","also","very","reassuring","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It leaves the galaxy to us and others similar to us.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","leaves","the","galaxy","to","us","and","others","similar","to","us","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So the most promising civilizations to look for may be somewhere in the spectrum from type 1.5 to type 2.5.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","the","most","promising","civilizations","to","look","for","may","be","somewhere","in","the","spectrum","from","type","1.5","to","type","2.5","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They wouldn't be too advanced to understand them and their motives.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","would","n't","be","too","advanced","to","understand","them","and","their","motives","."],"tags":[1,15,37,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They may have finished their first megastructures and they might be in the process of moving stuff","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["They","may","have","finished","their","first","megastructures","and","they","might","be","in","the","process","of","moving","stuff"],"tags":[1,15,15,29,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42]}
{"text":"They would probably also look to the stars and look for others.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","would","probably","also","look","to","the","stars","and","look","for","others","."],"tags":[1,15,13,13,19,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Then again, maybe we've got it all wrong.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Then","again",",","maybe","we","'ve","got","it","all","wrong","."],"tags":[13,13,0,13,1,15,29,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Maybe progress to type 2 does not mean expanding outwards and humanity is still too immature to imagine otherwise.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Maybe","progress","to","type","2","does","not","mean","expanding","outwards","and","humanity","is","still","too","immature","to","imagine","otherwise","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"For now, all we really know is that we haven't seen anybody yet.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","now",",","all","we","really","know","is","that","we","have","n't","seen","anybody","yet","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But we've only just started looking.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","we","'ve","only","just","started","looking","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,14,23,5,0]}
{"text":"or if you're just entering a new phase in your life, our shop is stocked and ready for all your back to school needs.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":116,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":25,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["or","if","you","'re","just","entering","a","new","phase","in","your","life",",","our","shop","is","stocked","and","ready","for","all","your","back","to","school","needs","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We have new shirts and, for the first time, a Kurzgesagt earth sweater.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","new","shirts","and",",","for","the","first","time",",","a","Kurzgesagt","earth","sweater","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"All of these products are designed and produced with love by the Kurzgesagt merch burbs.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","of","these","products","are","designed","and","produced","with","love","by","the","Kurzgesagt","merch","burbs","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Our merch is the easiest way to support what we do and keep our videos free for everyone.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Our","merch","is","the","easiest","way","to","support","what","we","do","and","keep","our","videos","free","for","everyone","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Thank you for watching.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","for","watching","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The world we live in feels normal, ordinary.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","world","we","live","in","feels","normal",",","ordinary","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It feels like this is just how humans exist and always existed.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","feels","like","this","is","just","how","humans","exist","and","always","existed","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Never before have we humans lived in a world as sophisticated and engineered to our needs as today, giving us the luxury to forget about ourselves and not worry about survival.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":17,"token_start":6},{"end":175,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":31,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Never","before","have","we","humans","lived","in","a","world","as","sophisticated","and","engineered","to","our","needs","as","today",",","giving","us","the","luxury","to","forget","about","ourselves","and","not","worry","about","survival","."],"tags":[13,14,15,1,39,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Food, shelter, security, all of this is more or less taken for granted.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":70,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":59,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Food",",","shelter",",","security",",","all","of","this","is","more","or","less","taken","for","granted","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,1,2,2,15,13,14,14,29,35,36,0]}
{"text":"But we're a special few.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","we","'re","a","special","few","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"For more than 99.99% of human history, life was completely different.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["For","more","than","99.99","%","of","human","history",",","life","was","completely","different","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"And there's no such thing as just one human history.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","'s","no","such","thing","as","just","one","human","history","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Our story begins 6 million years ago, when the tribe of Hominini split and our relationship with the apes ended.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Our","story","begins","6","million","years","ago",",","when","the","tribe","of","Hominini","split","and","our","relationship","with","the","apes","ended","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"2.8 million years ago, the genus of Homo, the first humans, emerged.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["2.8","million","years","ago",",","the","genus","of","Homo",",","the","first","humans",",","emerged","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,0,39,40,40,0,23,0]}
{"text":"We like to think of ourselves as the only humans, but this is far from the truth.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":80,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","like","to","think","of","ourselves","as","the","only","humans",",","but","this","is","far","from","the","truth","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"When we, Homo sapiens sapiens, came into existence 200,000 years ago, there were at least 6 other human species around.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":80,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":111,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":21,"token_start":16},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":22,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["When","we",",","Homo","sapiens","sapiens",",","came","into","existence","200,000","years","ago",",","there","were","at","least","6","other","human","species","around","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,13,0]}
{"text":"Some of them were very successful.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Some","of","them","were","very","successful","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Homo erectus, for example, survived for 2 million years, 10 times longer than modern humans have existed.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Homo","erectus",",","for","example",",","survived","for","2","million","years",",","10","times","longer","than","modern","humans","have","existed","."],"tags":[1,2,0,13,14,0,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The last of the other humans disappeared around 10,000 years ago.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","last","of","the","other","humans","disappeared","around","10,000","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We don't know what caused them to die out.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","what","caused","them","to","die","out","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Modern humans have at least a few percent of Neanderthal and other human DNA, so there was some mixing, but certainly not enough to be a merger between species.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":13,"token_start":3},{"end":159,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":31,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Modern","humans","have","at","least","a","few","percent","of","Neanderthal","and","other","human","DNA",",","so","there","was","some","mixing",",","but","certainly","not","enough","to","be","a","merger","between","species","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14]}
{"text":"So we don't know if our cousins went away because they lost the battle over resources, or because of a series of minor genocides.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":128,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":25,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","we","do","n't","know","if","our","cousins","went","away","because","they","lost","the","battle","over","resources",",","or","because","of","a","series","of","minor","genocides","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Either way, only we remain.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Either","way",",","only","we","remain","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,1,19,0]}
{"text":"2.8 million years ago, early humans used tools, but did not make a lot of progress for nearly 2 million years.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["2.8","million","years","ago",",","early","humans","used","tools",",","but","did","not","make","a","lot","of","progress","for","nearly","2","million","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Until they learned to control fire.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Until","they","learned","to","control","fire","."],"tags":[0,1,23,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Fire meant cooking, which made food more nutritious, which contributed to the development of our brain.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Fire","meant","cooking",",","which","made","food","more","nutritious",",","which","contributed","to","the","development","of","our","brain","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It also produced light and warmth, which made days longer and winters less gruesome.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","also","produced","light","and","warmth",",","which","made","days","longer","and","winters","less","gruesome","."],"tags":[1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"On top of that, it not only scared predators away, it could also be used for hunting.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["On","top","of","that",",","it","not","only","scared","predators","away",",","it","could","also","be","used","for","hunting","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,15,13,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"A torched wood or grassland provided small animals, nuts and tubers that were pre-roasted.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","torched","wood","or","grassland","provided","small","animals",",","nuts","and","tubers","that","were","pre","-","roasted","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"From 300,000 years ago, most of the different human species lived in small hunter-gatherer societies.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["From","300,000","years","ago",",","most","of","the","different","human","species","lived","in","small","hunter","-","gatherer","societies","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They had fire, wood and stone tools, planned for the future, buried their dead, and had cultures of their own.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","had","fire",",","wood","and","stone","tools",",","planned","for","the","future",",","buried","their","dead",",","and","had","cultures","of","their","own","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But most importantly, they spoke to each other.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","most","importantly",",","they","spoke","to","each","other","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,23,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If we had a time machine, how far would we be able to go back, steal a few babies, and raise them today without anyone noticing that they're a bit different?","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":20,"token_start":17},{"end":156,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":87,"token_end":34,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["If","we","had","a","time","machine",",","how","far","would","we","be","able","to","go","back",",","steal","a","few","babies",",","and","raise","them","today","without","anyone","noticing","that","they","'re","a","bit","different","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,15,1,17,18,18,31,32,0,41,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There is much debate.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","much","debate","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Anatomically modern humans emerged 200,000 years ago, but probably 70,000 years is as far as we could travel back and still snatch a behaviorally modern human.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":27,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":158,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":26,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Anatomically","modern","humans","emerged","200,000","years","ago",",","but","probably","70,000","years","is","as","far","as","we","could","travel","back","and","still","snatch","a","behaviorally","modern","human","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Before that, the babies would probably lack a few crucial gene mutations necessary to build a brain with modern language and abstract thinking abilities.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":151,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":24,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Before","that",",","the","babies","would","probably","lack","a","few","crucial","gene","mutations","necessary","to","build","a","brain","with","modern","language","and","abstract","thinking","abilities","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"At some point around 50,000 years ago, there was an explosion in innovation.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["At","some","point","around","50,000","years","ago",",","there","was","an","explosion","in","innovation","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,23,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Tools and weapons became more sophisticated, and culture became more complex.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Tools","and","weapons","became","more","sophisticated",",","and","culture","became","more","complex","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Because at this point, humans had a multi-purpose brain and a more advanced language to communicate information with each other effectively and down to the last detail.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":167,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":29,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Because","at","this","point",",","humans","had","a","multi","-","purpose","brain","and","a","more","advanced","language","to","communicate","information","with","each","other","effectively","and","down","to","the","last","detail","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This allowed much closer cooperation and is what really makes us different from any other creature on Earth.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","allowed","much","closer","cooperation","and","is","what","really","makes","us","different","from","any","other","creature","on","Earth","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As our brain evolved, we became able to do something life had been unable to do up to this point.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["As","our","brain","evolved",",","we","became","able","to","do","something","life","had","been","unable","to","do","up","to","this","point","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"1. Expand knowledge quickly.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["1",".","Expand","knowledge","quickly","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,13,0]}
{"text":"2. Preserve knowledge gained over generations.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["2",".","Preserve","knowledge","gained","over","generations","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"3. Build on passed knowledge to gain even deeper insight.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["3",".","Build","on","passed","knowledge","to","gain","even","deeper","insight","."],"tags":[0,0,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This seemed daft, but until then, information had to be passed on from generation to generation, mostly through genetics, which is not efficient.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":26,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","seemed","daft",",","but","until","then",",","information","had","to","be","passed","on","from","generation","to","generation",",","mostly","through","genetics",",","which","is","not","efficient","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Still, for the next 40,000 years, human life remained more or less the same.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Still",",","for","the","next","40,000","years",",","human","life","remained","more","or","less","the","same","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There was little to build upon.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","was","little","to","build","upon","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
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{"text":"Building a skyscraper without knowing what a house is, is hard.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Building","a","skyscraper","without","knowing","what","a","house","is",",","is","hard","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,21,11,0]}
{"text":"But while it's easy to be arrogant in our attitude to our ancestors, this would be ignorant.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":13,"token_start":1},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":82,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":18,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["But","while","it","'s","easy","to","be","arrogant","in","our","attitude","to","our","ancestors",",","this","would","be","ignorant","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Humans 50,000 years ago were survival specialists.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Humans","50,000","years","ago","were","survival","specialists","."],"tags":[1,13,14,14,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"They had a detailed mental map of their territory, their senses were fine-tuned to the environment, they knew and memorized a great amount of information about plants and animals.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","had","a","detailed","mental","map","of","their","territory",",","their","senses","were","fine","-","tuned","to","the","environment",",","they","knew","and","memorized","a","great","amount","of","information","about","plants","and","animals","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They could make complicated tools that required years of careful training and very fine motor skills.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","could","make","complicated","tools","that","required","years","of","careful","training","and","very","fine","motor","skills","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Their bodies compare to our athletes today, just because of their daily routines, and they lived a rich social life within their tribe.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":134,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":86,"token_end":24,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Their","bodies","compare","to","our","athletes","today",",","just","because","of","their","daily","routines",",","and","they","lived","a","rich","social","life","within","their","tribe","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Survival required so many skills that the average brain volume of early modern humans might even have been bigger than it is today.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":129,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Survival","required","so","many","skills","that","the","average","brain","volume","of","early","modern","humans","might","even","have","been","bigger","than","it","is","today","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As a group, we know more today, but as individuals, our ancestors were superior to us.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["As","a","group",",","we","know","more","today",",","but","as","individuals",",","our","ancestors","were","superior","to","us","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But then, around 12,000 years ago in multiple locations, humans developed agriculture.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","then",",","around","12,000","years","ago","in","multiple","locations",",","humans","developed","agriculture","."],"tags":[0,13,0,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,0,1,23,5,0]}
{"text":"Everything changed very quickly.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Everything","changed","very","quickly","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Before, survival as a hunter and forager required superb physical and mental abilities in all fields, from everybody.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":16,"token_start":9},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":19,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Before",",","survival","as","a","hunter","and","forager","required","superb","physical","and","mental","abilities","in","all","fields",",","from","everybody","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,0]}
{"text":"With the rise of the agricultural age, individuals could increasingly rely on the skills of others for survival.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["With","the","rise","of","the","agricultural","age",",","individuals","could","increasingly","rely","on","the","skills","of","others","for","survival","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,31,32,5,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"This meant that some of them could specialize.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","meant","that","some","of","them","could","specialize","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Maybe they worked on better tools.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Maybe","they","worked","on","better","tools","."],"tags":[13,1,31,32,5,6,0]}
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{"text":"Maybe they started inventing things.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Maybe","they","started","inventing","things","."],"tags":[13,1,23,5,6,0]}
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{"text":"Agriculture gave us a reliable and predictable food source, which allowed humans to hoard food on a large scale for the first time, which is much easier to do with grains than meat.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":179,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":34,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Agriculture","gave","us","a","reliable","and","predictable","food","source",",","which","allowed","humans","to","hoard","food","on","a","large","scale","for","the","first","time",",","which","is","much","easier","to","do","with","grains","than","meat","."],"tags":[1,23,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"The food stock required protection, which led to communities living together in tighter spaces.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","food","stock","required","protection",",","which","led","to","communities","living","together","in","tighter","spaces","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"First, early defense structures were built.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["First",",","early","defense","structures","were","built","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"The need for organization grew.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","need","for","organization","grew","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,0]}
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{"text":"Villages became cities.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Villages","became","cities","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
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{"text":"Connections between humans exploded, which led to opportunities to exchange knowledge.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":27,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Connections","between","humans","exploded",",","which","led","to","opportunities","to","exchange","knowledge","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Progress became exponential.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Progress","became","exponential","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"About 500 years ago, the scientific revolution began.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["About","500","years","ago",",","the","scientific","revolution","began","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,0]}
{"text":"Mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry transformed everything we thought we knew.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Mathematics",",","physics",",","astronomy",",","biology",",","and","chemistry","transformed","everything","we","thought","we","knew","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The industrial revolution followed soon after, laying the foundation for the modern world.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","industrial","revolution","followed","soon","after",",","laying","the","foundation","for","the","modern","world","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As our overall efficiency grew exponentially, more people could spend their lifetime contributing to the progress of humanity.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":64,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":124,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","our","overall","efficiency","grew","exponentially",",","more","people","could","spend","their","lifetime","contributing","to","the","progress","of","humanity","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Revolutions kept happening.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Revolutions","kept","happening","."],"tags":[1,23,5,0]}
{"text":"The invention of the computer, its evolution into a medium we all use on a daily basis, and the rise of the Internet shaped our world.","spans":[{"end":115,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":24,"token_start":0},{"end":122,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":117,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":132,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":124,"token_end":27,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["The","invention","of","the","computer",",","its","evolution","into","a","medium","we","all","use","on","a","daily","basis",",","and","the","rise","of","the","Internet","shaped","our","world","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,0]}
{"text":"It's hard to grasp how fast all of that happened.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","hard","to","grasp","how","fast","all","of","that","happened","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It's been about 125,000 generations since the emergence of the first human species.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","'s","been","about","125,000","generations","since","the","emergence","of","the","first","human","species","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"500 generations ago, what we call civilization began.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["500","generations","ago",",","what","we","call","civilization","began","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,23,0]}
{"text":"20 generations ago, we learned how to do science.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["20","generations","ago",",","we","learned","how","to","do","science","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And the Internet became available to most people only one generation ago.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","the","Internet","became","available","to","most","people","only","one","generation","ago","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Today, we live in the most prosperous age humanity has ever experienced.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Today",",","we","live","in","the","most","prosperous","age","humanity","has","ever","experienced","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We have transformed this planet, from the composition of its atmosphere to large-scale changes in its landscape, and also in terms of the other animals in existence.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":19,"token_start":6},{"end":164,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":117,"token_end":30,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["We","have","transformed","this","planet",",","from","the","composition","of","its","atmosphere","to","large","-","scale","changes","in","its","landscape",",","and","also","in","terms","of","the","other","animals","in","existence","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We light up the night with artificial stars and put people in a metal box in the sky.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":84,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","light","up","the","night","with","artificial","stars","and","put","people","in","a","metal","box","in","the","sky","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Some have even walked on our moon.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Some","have","even","walked","on","our","moon","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We put robots on other planets.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","put","robots","on","other","planets","."],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We've looked deep into the past of the universe with mechanical eyes.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","'ve","looked","deep","into","the","past","of","the","universe","with","mechanical","eyes","."],"tags":[1,15,21,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our knowledge and our way of acquiring and storing more of it has exploded.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Our","knowledge","and","our","way","of","acquiring","and","storing","more","of","it","has","exploded","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"The average high school student today knows more about the universe than a scholar a few centuries ago.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","average","high","school","student","today","knows","more","about","the","universe","than","a","scholar","a","few","centuries","ago","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Humans dominate this planet, even if our rule is very fragile.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Humans","dominate","this","planet",",","even","if","our","rule","is","very","fragile","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We are still not that different from our ancestors 70,000 years ago, but your lifestyle has existed for less than 0.001% of human history.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":137,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["We","are","still","not","that","different","from","our","ancestors","70,000","years","ago",",","but","your","lifestyle","has","existed","for","less","than","0.001","%","of","human","history","."],"tags":[1,21,13,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"From here on, there's no saying what the future holds for us.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["From","here","on",",","there","'s","no","saying","what","the","future","holds","for","us","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We're building a skyscraper, but we're not sure if it's standing on a solid foundation or if we're building it on quicksand.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":26,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","'re","building","a","skyscraper",",","but","we","'re","not","sure","if","it","'s","standing","on","a","solid","foundation","or","if","we","'re","building","it","on","quicksand","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Let's leave it with that for now.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","leave","it","with","that","for","now","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The next time you miss your train, your burger is not hot enough, or someone cuts in line, remember how special this made-up human world is.","spans":[{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":19,"token_start":0},{"end":99,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":91,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":139,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":30,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["The","next","time","you","miss","your","train",",","your","burger","is","not","hot","enough",",","or","someone","cuts","in","line",",","remember","how","special","this","made","-","up","human","world","is","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Maybe it's not worth being upset about all those little things.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Maybe","it","'s","not","worth","being","upset","about","all","those","little","things","."],"tags":[13,1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Okay, this was our first take on making a history-related video.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Okay",",","this","was","our","first","take","on","making","a","history","-","related","video","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We'd love to make much more of them, but they take even more time than our average video, so we might do three or four a year.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":125,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":29,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","'d","love","to","make","much","more","of","them",",","but","they","take","even","more","time","than","our","average","video",",","so","we","might","do","three","or","four","a","year","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Your feedback's very welcome here.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Your","feedback","'s","very","welcome","here","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,13,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so much for watching, and if you want to support us directly, you can do so on Patreon.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":96,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","for","watching",",","and","if","you","want","to","support","us","directly",",","you","can","do","so","on","Patreon","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It really helps us out.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","really","helps","us","out","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,35,0]}
{"text":"While you think about it, here are more videos if you need more distraction.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["While","you","think","about","it",",","here","are","more","videos","if","you","need","more","distraction","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,11,21,1,2,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What would happen if you were to bring a tiny piece of the Sun to Earth?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","would","happen","if","you","were","to","bring","a","tiny","piece","of","the","Sun","to","Earth","?"],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Like most of the matter in the universe, our Sun is neither solid, liquid, or gas, but plasma.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Like","most","of","the","matter","in","the","universe",",","our","Sun","is","neither","solid",",","liquid",",","or","gas",",","but","plasma","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Plasma is when stuff is so hot that the nuclei and electrons can separate and flow around freely, which creates a goo-like substance.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":132,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":25,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Plasma","is","when","stuff","is","so","hot","that","the","nuclei","and","electrons","can","separate","and","flow","around","freely",",","which","creates","a","goo","-","like","substance","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So you can imagine our Sun as an extremely big, spherical ocean of very hot goo.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","you","can","imagine","our","Sun","as","an","extremely","big",",","spherical","ocean","of","very","hot","goo","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The deeper you go, the denser and weirder the goo becomes.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","deeper","you","go",",","the","denser","and","weirder","the","goo","becomes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,12,1,2,21,0]}
{"text":"So let's bring three samples, each the size of a house, to our lab here on Earth and see what happens.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":101,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":23,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","let","'s","bring","three","samples",",","each","the","size","of","a","house",",","to","our","lab","here","on","Earth","and","see","what","happens","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The chromosphere is the atmosphere of the Sun, a layer of sparse gas up to 5,000 km deep that's covered in a forest of plasma spikes that can be almost as big as Earth.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":166,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":35,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","chromosphere","is","the","atmosphere","of","the","Sun",",","a","layer","of","sparse","gas","up","to","5,000","km","deep","that","'s","covered","in","a","forest","of","plasma","spikes","that","can","be","almost","as","big","as","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's pretty hot here, between 6,000 and 20,000 degrees Celsius, but if we brought a sample of it to Earth, we're not really getting our money's worth.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":149,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":32,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["It","'s","pretty","hot","here",",","between","6,000","and","20,000","degrees","Celsius",",","but","if","we","brought","a","sample","of","it","to","Earth",",","we","'re","not","really","getting","our","money","'s","worth","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In the area where we take our sample, the chromosphere is over a million times less dense than air,","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","the","area","where","we","take","our","sample",",","the","chromosphere","is","over","a","million","times","less","dense","than","air",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"so compared to our atmosphere at sea level, it's basically the same as bringing the vacuum of space down to Earth.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":113,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["so","compared","to","our","atmosphere","at","sea","level",",","it","'s","basically","the","same","as","bringing","the","vacuum","of","space","down","to","Earth","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The moment our sample arrives, it would immediately be crushed by Earth's atmospheric pressure and implode.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":99,"token_end":17,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["The","moment","our","sample","arrives",",","it","would","immediately","be","crushed","by","Earth","'s","atmospheric","pressure","and","implode","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0,41,0]}
{"text":"Air would rush to fill the vacuum and use as much energy as 12 kg of TNT in the process.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Air","would","rush","to","fill","the","vacuum","and","use","as","much","energy","as","12","kg","of","TNT","in","the","process","."],"tags":[1,15,19,33,34,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This creates a high-pressure shockwave which shatters glass, ruptures eardrums and maybe some internal organs.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","creates","a","high","-","pressure","shockwave","which","shatters","glass",",","ruptures","eardrums","and","maybe","some","internal","organs","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you're standing too close, it could kill you, so you'd better keep your distance.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","standing","too","close",",","it","could","kill","you",",","so","you","'d","better","keep","your","distance","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's go deeper.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","go","deeper","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Beneath the chromosphere is the glowing surface of the Sun, the photosphere, which produces the light we see.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":108,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Beneath","the","chromosphere","is","the","glowing","surface","of","the","Sun",",","the","photosphere",",","which","produces","the","light","we","see","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It's covered in a grid of a million hotspots called granules, each of them about as big as the United States and over 5,000 degrees Celsius.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":138,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":27,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","covered","in","a","grid","of","a","million","hotspots","called","granules",",","each","of","them","about","as","big","as","the","United","States","and","over","5,000","degrees","Celsius","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These granules are the tops of convective columns, churning gas that brings the heat up from the center of the Sun to its surface.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["These","granules","are","the","tops","of","convective","columns",",","churning","gas","that","brings","the","heat","up","from","the","center","of","the","Sun","to","its","surface","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In these columns, a few hundred kilometers down, we take our second plasma sample.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","these","columns",",","a","few","hundred","kilometers","down",",","we","take","our","second","plasma","sample","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It has about the same pressure as our atmosphere on Earth.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","has","about","the","same","pressure","as","our","atmosphere","on","Earth","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Though still much less dense than air, its heat supports it, so it won't implode.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Though","still","much","less","dense","than","air",",","its","heat","supports","it",",","so","it","wo","n't","implode","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our sphere now carries twice as much energy, as much as 25 kg of TNT, but this time as heat.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":15,"token_start":4},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":21,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Our","sphere","now","carries","twice","as","much","energy",",","as","much","as","25","kg","of","TNT",",","but","this","time","as","heat","."],"tags":[1,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"For a dazzling instant, this plasma would glow with a million times the brightness of the Sun seen from Earth, instantly lighting fires throughout our lab.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":20,"token_start":9},{"end":153,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":111,"token_end":27,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["For","a","dazzling","instant",",","this","plasma","would","glow","with","a","million","times","the","brightness","of","the","Sun","seen","from","Earth",",","instantly","lighting","fires","throughout","our","lab","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But a few milliseconds later, those fires are all that's left.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","a","few","milliseconds","later",",","those","fires","are","all","that","'s","left","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The plasma has cooled to harmless gas, floating up from the flaming ruins.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","plasma","has","cooled","to","harmless","gas",",","floating","up","from","the","flaming","ruins","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Here, the plasma is about 2 million degrees Celsius, and so dense and tightly packed that it creates a sort of maze for itself.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":125,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":25,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Here",",","the","plasma","is","about","2","million","degrees","Celsius",",","and","so","dense","and","tightly","packed","that","it","creates","a","sort","of","maze","for","itself","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Energy in the form of photons tries to escape, but has to wander for hundreds of thousands of years, bouncing endlessly from particle to particle until it eventually finds an exit.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":179,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":32,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Energy","in","the","form","of","photons","tries","to","escape",",","but","has","to","wander","for","hundreds","of","thousands","of","years",",","bouncing","endlessly","from","particle","to","particle","until","it","eventually","finds","an","exit","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Bringing matter from here to our lab is what experts call a very bad idea.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Bringing","matter","from","here","to","our","lab","is","what","experts","call","a","very","bad","idea","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"As soon as it arrives in our lab, the extreme pressure that holds the plasma tightly together is gone, and the material explodes with the power of a thermonuclear weapon.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":93,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":17,"token_start":9},{"end":96,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":94,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":169,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":107,"token_end":31,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["As","soon","as","it","arrives","in","our","lab",",","the","extreme","pressure","that","holds","the","plasma","tightly","together","is","gone",",","and","the","material","explodes","with","the","power","of","a","thermonuclear","weapon","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Our lab, as well as the city around it, will be destroyed in an instant.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Our","lab",",","as","well","as","the","city","around","it",",","will","be","destroyed","in","an","instant","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"On the bright side, there won't be any radioactive fallout.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["On","the","bright","side",",","there","wo","n't","be","any","radioactive","fallout","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,15,37,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"With our lab destroyed, we can abandon the illusion that we're trying to do any science today.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["With","our","lab","destroyed",",","we","can","abandon","the","illusion","that","we","'re","trying","to","do","any","science","today","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Here, in the central 1% of the star, we find a third of the Sun's mass.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Here",",","in","the","central","1","%","of","the","star",",","we","find","a","third","of","the","Sun","'s","mass","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The matter here is compressed by the weight of the entire star above it.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","matter","here","is","compressed","by","the","weight","of","the","entire","star","above","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the center of the core, the temperature is 15 million degrees, hot enough to make helium by smashing together hydrogen, powering the Sun by nuclear fusion.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":156,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":29,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","the","center","of","the","core",",","the","temperature","is","15","million","degrees",",","hot","enough","to","make","helium","by","smashing","together","hydrogen",",","powering","the","Sun","by","nuclear","fusion","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In billions of years after the death of the Sun, this core will remain as a white dwarf.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":70,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["In","billions","of","years","after","the","death","of","the","Sun",",","this","core","will","remain","as","a","white","dwarf","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If we brought a sample of it to Earth, it would cause a lot of inconvenience.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","we","brought","a","sample","of","it","to","Earth",",","it","would","cause","a","lot","of","inconvenience","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The biggest nuclear weapon ever detonated had an energy of 40 megatons of TNT, or a cube the size of the Empire State Building.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":125,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","biggest","nuclear","weapon","ever","detonated","had","an","energy","of","40","megatons","of","TNT",",","or","a","cube","the","size","of","the","Empire","State","Building","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our sample has the equivalent of 4,000 megatons.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Our","sample","has","the","equivalent","of","4,000","megatons","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is 4 billion tons of TNT, or a cube 1.3 kilometers high.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","4","billion","tons","of","TNT",",","or","a","cube","1.3","kilometers","high","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"To give you a sense of scale, this is the cube inside Manhattan.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["To","give","you","a","sense","of","scale",",","this","is","the","cube","inside","Manhattan","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Once the sphere arrives on Earth, this super-dense matter expands instantly and creates an explosion with the force of, well, the Sun.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":133,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":80,"token_end":26,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Once","the","sphere","arrives","on","Earth",",","this","super","-","dense","matter","expands","instantly","and","creates","an","explosion","with","the","force","of",",","well",",","the","Sun","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,25,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If we get the sample in Paris in the morning, the citizens of London would see what looks like a second sunrise.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":75,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","we","get","the","sample","in","Paris","in","the","morning",",","the","citizens","of","London","would","see","what","looks","like","a","second","sunrise","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In a radius of about 300 kilometers around the blast, everything would be burned.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","a","radius","of","about","300","kilometers","around","the","blast",",","everything","would","be","burned","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"The shockwave would travel around the Earth multiple times.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","shockwave","would","travel","around","the","Earth","multiple","times","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,13,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Most buildings in Central Europe would be flattened, eardrums would rupture, and windows break across the continent.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":115,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Most","buildings","in","Central","Europe","would","be","flattened",",","eardrums","would","rupture",",","and","windows","break","across","the","continent","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,0,41,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The explosion would be apocalyptic, possibly human civilization ending.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","explosion","would","be","apocalyptic",",","possibly","human","civilization","ending","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"If humans did survive, we could count on the dust blown into the atmosphere to create a smaller ice age.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","humans","did","survive",",","we","could","count","on","the","dust","blown","into","the","atmosphere","to","create","a","smaller","ice","age","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, if there is one tiny bright side, it would be that the explosion might be an effective way to control human-caused climate change for a few decades.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":151,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":31,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So",",","if","there","is","one","tiny","bright","side",",","it","would","be","that","the","explosion","might","be","an","effective","way","to","control","human","-","caused","climate","change","for","a","few","decades","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While this is definitely a good thing, all in all, we conclude that we should not try to bring the Sun to Earth.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["While","this","is","definitely","a","good","thing",",","all","in","all",",","we","conclude","that","we","should","not","try","to","bring","the","Sun","to","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Neutron stars are one of the most extreme things in the universe.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Neutron","stars","are","one","of","the","most","extreme","things","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They're like giant atom cores, kilometers in diameter, unbelievably dense and violent.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","'re","like","giant","atom","cores",",","kilometers","in","diameter",",","unbelievably","dense","and","violent","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But how can something like this even exist?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","how","can","something","like","this","even","exist","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,2,2,13,19,0]}
{"text":"The life of a star is dominated by two forces being in balance.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","life","of","a","star","is","dominated","by","two","forces","being","in","balance","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the core of stars, hydrogen is fused into helium.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","the","core","of","stars",",","hydrogen","is","fused","into","helium","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Eventually, the hydrogen in the core is exhausted.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Eventually",",","the","hydrogen","in","the","core","is","exhausted","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"If the star is massive enough, helium is now fused into carbon.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","the","star","is","massive","enough",",","helium","is","now","fused","into","carbon","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The cores of these massive stars become layered like onions, as heavier and heavier atomic nuclei build up at the center.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","cores","of","these","massive","stars","become","layered","like","onions",",","as","heavier","and","heavier","atomic","nuclei","build","up","at","the","center","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Carbon is fused into neon, which leads to oxygen, which leads to silicon.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Carbon","is","fused","into","neon",",","which","leads","to","oxygen",",","which","leads","to","silicon","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Eventually, the fusion reaction hits iron, which cannot fuse into another element.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Eventually",",","the","fusion","reaction","hits","iron",",","which","can","not","fuse","into","another","element","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"When the fusion stops, the radiation pressure drops rapidly.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["When","the","fusion","stops",",","the","radiation","pressure","drops","rapidly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,13,0]}
{"text":"The star is no longer in balance.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","star","is","no","longer","in","balance","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,14,11,12,0]}
{"text":"And if its core mass exceeds about 1.4 solar masses, a catastrophic collapse takes place.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["And","if","its","core","mass","exceeds","about","1.4","solar","masses",",","a","catastrophic","collapse","takes","place","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,31,32,0]}
{"text":"The outer part of the core reaches velocities of up to 70,000 km a second as it collapses towards the center of the star.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":14,"token_start":7},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","outer","part","of","the","core","reaches","velocities","of","up","to","70,000","km","a","second","as","it","collapses","towards","the","center","of","the","star","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Now, only the fundamental forces inside an atom are left to fight the gravitational collapse.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Now",",","only","the","fundamental","forces","inside","an","atom","are","left","to","fight","the","gravitational","collapse","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The quantum mechanical repulsion of electrons is overcome, and electrons and protons fuse into neutrons packed as densely as an atomic nucleus.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":142,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","quantum","mechanical","repulsion","of","electrons","is","overcome",",","and","electrons","and","protons","fuse","into","neutrons","packed","as","densely","as","an","atomic","nucleus","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The outer layers of the star are catapulted into space in a violent supernova explosion.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","outer","layers","of","the","star","are","catapulted","into","space","in","a","violent","supernova","explosion","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, now we have a neutron star.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So",",","now","we","have","a","neutron","star","."],"tags":[0,0,13,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Its mass is between 1 and 3 suns, but compressed to an object about 25 km wide,","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Its","mass","is","between","1","and","3","suns",",","but","compressed","to","an","object","about","25","km","wide",","],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's so dense that 1 cubic centimeter of neutron star contains the same mass as an iron cube 700 meters across.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":109,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","so","dense","that","1","cubic","centimeter","of","neutron","star","contains","the","same","mass","as","an","iron","cube","700","meters","across","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"That's roughly 1 billion tons, as massive as Mount Everest, in a space the size of a sugar cube.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","roughly","1","billion","tons",",","as","massive","as","Mount","Everest",",","in","a","space","the","size","of","a","sugar","cube","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Neutron star gravity is pretty impressive too.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Neutron","star","gravity","is","pretty","impressive","too","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,13,0]}
{"text":"If you were to drop an object from 1 meter over the surface, it would hit the star in 1 microsecond and accelerate up to 7.2 million kilometers per hour.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":18,"token_start":17},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":21,"token_start":19},{"end":152,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":104,"token_end":30,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["If","you","were","to","drop","an","object","from","1","meter","over","the","surface",",","it","would","hit","the","star","in","1","microsecond","and","accelerate","up","to","7.2","million","kilometers","per","hour","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The surface is super flat, with irregularities of 5 millimeters maximum, with a super thin atmosphere of hot plasma.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","surface","is","super","flat",",","with","irregularities","of","5","millimeters","maximum",",","with","a","super","thin","atmosphere","of","hot","plasma","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The surface temperature is about 1 million Kelvin, compared to 5,800 Kelvin for our Sun.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","surface","temperature","is","about","1","million","Kelvin",",","compared","to","5,800","Kelvin","for","our","Sun","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's look inside the neutron star.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","look","inside","the","neutron","star","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The crust is extremely hard, and is most likely made of an iron atom nuclei lattice with a sea of electrons flowing through them.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","crust","is","extremely","hard",",","and","is","most","likely","made","of","an","iron","atom","nuclei","lattice","with","a","sea","of","electrons","flowing","through","them","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The closer we get to the core, the more neutrons and fewer protons we see, until there's just an incredibly dense soup of indistinguishable neutrons.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":70,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":148,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":27,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["The","closer","we","get","to","the","core",",","the","more","neutrons","and","fewer","protons","we","see",",","until","there","'s","just","an","incredibly","dense","soup","of","indistinguishable","neutrons","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,5,6,6,6,6,6,1,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The cores of neutron stars are very, very weird.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","cores","of","neutron","stars","are","very",",","very","weird","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We're not sure what their properties are, but our closest guess is superfluid neutron degenerate matter or some kind of ultra-dense quark matter,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":26,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","'re","not","sure","what","their","properties","are",",","but","our","closest","guess","is","superfluid","neutron","degenerate","matter","or","some","kind","of","ultra","-","dense","quark","matter",","],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In many ways, a neutron star is similar to a giant atom core.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","many","ways",",","a","neutron","star","is","similar","to","a","giant","atom","core","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The most important difference is that atom cores are held together by strong interaction, and neutron stars by gravity.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":117,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","most","important","difference","is","that","atom","cores","are","held","together","by","strong","interaction",",","and","neutron","stars","by","gravity","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"As if all this wasn't extreme enough, let's take a look at a few other properties.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":81,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","if","all","this","was","n't","extreme","enough",",","let","'s","take","a","look","at","a","few","other","properties","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"And if there's a poor star nearby to feed the neutron star, it can rotate up to several hundred times per second.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":67,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["And","if","there","'s","a","poor","star","nearby","to","feed","the","neutron","star",",","it","can","rotate","up","to","several","hundred","times","per","second","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It spins at approximately 252 million kilometers per hour.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","spins","at","approximately","252","million","kilometers","per","hour","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is so fast that the star has a rather strange shape.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","so","fast","that","the","star","has","a","rather","strange","shape","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We call these objects pulsars because they emit a strong radio signal.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","call","these","objects","pulsars","because","they","emit","a","strong","radio","signal","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,33,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And the magnetic field of a neutron star is roughly a trillion times stronger than the magnetic field of Earth.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":110,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","the","magnetic","field","of","a","neutron","star","is","roughly","a","trillion","times","stronger","than","the","magnetic","field","of","Earth","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Okay, I think we got the point across.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Okay",",","I","think","we","got","the","point","across","."],"tags":[0,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Neutron stars are some of the most extreme, but also some of the coolest objects in the universe.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Neutron","stars","are","some","of","the","most","extreme",",","but","also","some","of","the","coolest","objects","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Hopefully, we'll one day send spaceships to learn more about them and take some neat pictures.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Hopefully",",","we","'ll","one","day","send","spaceships","to","learn","more","about","them","and","take","some","neat","pictures","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,13,14,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But we shouldn't get too close.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","we","should","n't","get","too","close","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's start this video by throwing a mouse, a dog and an elephant from a skyscraper onto something soft, let's say, a stack of mattresses.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":137,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":29,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","start","this","video","by","throwing","a","mouse",",","a","dog","and","an","elephant","from","a","skyscraper","onto","something","soft",",","let","'s","say",",","a","stack","of","mattresses","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The mouse lands and is stunned for a moment before it shakes itself off and walks away pretty annoyed, because that's a very rude thing to do.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":141,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":20,"token_end":28,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","mouse","lands","and","is","stunned","for","a","moment","before","it","shakes","itself","off","and","walks","away","pretty","annoyed",",","because","that","'s","a","very","rude","thing","to","do","."],"tags":[1,2,25,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The dog breaks all of its bones and dies in an unspectacular way, and the elephant explodes into a red puddle of bones and insides and has no chance to be annoyed.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":162,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":32,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","dog","breaks","all","of","its","bones","and","dies","in","an","unspectacular","way",",","and","the","elephant","explodes","into","a","red","puddle","of","bones","and","insides","and","has","no","chance","to","be","annoyed","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Why does the mouse survive, but the elephant and dog don't?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Why","does","the","mouse","survive",",","but","the","elephant","and","dog","do","n't","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The answer is size.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","answer","is","size","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Size is the most underappreciated regulator of living things.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Size","is","the","most","underappreciated","regulator","of","living","things","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Size determines everything about our biology, how we are built, how we experience the world, how we live and die.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Size","determines","everything","about","our","biology",",","how","we","are","built",",","how","we","experience","the","world",",","how","we","live","and","die","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It does so because the physical laws are different for different sized animals.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","does","so","because","the","physical","laws","are","different","for","different","sized","animals","."],"tags":[1,25,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Life spans seven orders of magnitude, from invisible bacteria to mites, ants, mice, dogs, humans, elephants and blue whales.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Life","spans","seven","orders","of","magnitude",",","from","invisible","bacteria","to","mites",",","ants",",","mice",",","dogs",",","humans",",","elephants","and","blue","whales","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Every size lives in its own unique universe right next to each other, each with its own rules, upsides and downsides.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Every","size","lives","in","its","own","unique","universe","right","next","to","each","other",",","each","with","its","own","rules",",","upsides","and","downsides","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We'll explore these different worlds in a series of videos.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","'ll","explore","these","different","worlds","in","a","series","of","videos","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's get back to the initial question.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","get","back","to","the","initial","question","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Why did our mouse survive the fall?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Why","did","our","mouse","survive","the","fall","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Very small things, for example, are practically immune to falling from great heights, because the smaller you are, the less you care about the effect of gravity.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":14,"token_start":8},{"end":159,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":30,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Very","small","things",",","for","example",",","are","practically","immune","to","falling","from","great","heights",",","because","the","smaller","you","are",",","the","less","you","care","about","the","effect","of","gravity","."],"tags":[1,2,2,0,13,14,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Imagine a theoretical spherical animal the size of a marble.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","a","theoretical","spherical","animal","the","size","of","a","marble","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It has three features, its length, its surface area, which is covered in skin, and its volume, or all the stuff inside it like organs, muscles, hopes and dreams.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":159,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":35,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","has","three","features",",","its","length",",","its","surface","area",",","which","is","covered","in","skin",",","and","its","volume",",","or","all","the","stuff","inside","it","like","organs",",","muscles",",","hopes","and","dreams","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If we make it ten times longer, say the size of a basketball, the rest of its features don't just grow ten times.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":85,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":19,"token_start":15},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":87,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":91,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":101,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":98,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":103,"token_end":25,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["If","we","make","it","ten","times","longer",",","say","the","size","of","a","basketball",",","the","rest","of","its","features","do","n't","just","grow","ten","times","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,37,13,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Its skin will grow 100 times, and its insides, or its volume, grows by 1000 times.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Its","skin","will","grow","100","times",",","and","its","insides",",","or","its","volume",",","grows","by","1000","times","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The volume determines the weight, or more accurately, mass of the animal.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","volume","determines","the","weight",",","or","more","accurately",",","mass","of","the","animal","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"An elephant is so big that it has extremely little surface area in ratio to its volume,","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["An","elephant","is","so","big","that","it","has","extremely","little","surface","area","in","ratio","to","its","volume",","],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"so a lot of kinetic energy gets distributed over a small space, and the air doesn't slow it down much at all.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["so","a","lot","of","kinetic","energy","gets","distributed","over","a","small","space",",","and","the","air","does","n't","slow","it","down","much","at","all","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"That's why it's completely destroyed in an impressive explosion of goo when it hits the ground.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":93,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","why","it","'s","completely","destroyed","in","an","impressive","explosion","of","goo","when","it","hits","the","ground","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The other extreme, insects, have a huge surface area in relation to their tiny mass, so you can literally throw an ant from an aeroplane and it will not be seriously harmed.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":16,"token_start":11},{"end":172,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":34,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["The","other","extreme",",","insects",",","have","a","huge","surface","area","in","relation","to","their","tiny","mass",",","so","you","can","literally","throw","an","ant","from","an","aeroplane","and","it","will","not","be","seriously","harmed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,0,39,0,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But while falling is irrelevant in the small world, there are other forces that are harmless for us, but extremely dangerous for small beings.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":141,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","while","falling","is","irrelevant","in","the","small","world",",","there","are","other","forces","that","are","harmless","for","us",",","but","extremely","dangerous","for","small","beings","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"How does it work?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["How","does","it","work","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"Water has the tendency to stick to itself.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Water","has","the","tendency","to","stick","to","itself","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Its molecules are attracted to each other through a force called cohesion, which creates a tension on its surface that you can imagine as a sort of invisible skin.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":161,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":29,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Its","molecules","are","attracted","to","each","other","through","a","force","called","cohesion",",","which","creates","a","tension","on","its","surface","that","you","can","imagine","as","a","sort","of","invisible","skin","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For us, this skin is so weak that we don't even notice it normally.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["For","us",",","this","skin","is","so","weak","that","we","do","n't","even","notice","it","normally","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you get wet, about 800 grams of water, or about 1% of your body weight, sticks to you.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":5},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":75,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":22,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","you","get","wet",",","about","800","grams","of","water",",","or","about","1","%","of","your","body","weight",",","sticks","to","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,25,13,14,0]}
{"text":"A wet mouse has about 3 grams of water sticking to it, which is more than 10% of its body weight.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","wet","mouse","has","about","3","grams","of","water","sticking","to","it",",","which","is","more","than","10","%","of","its","body","weight","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Imagine having 8 full water bottles sticking to you when you leave the shower.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","having","8","full","water","bottles","sticking","to","you","when","you","leave","the","shower","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But for an insect, the force of water's surface tension is so strong that getting wet is a question of life and death.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":117,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","for","an","insect",",","the","force","of","water","'s","surface","tension","is","so","strong","that","getting","wet","is","a","question","of","life","and","death","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If we were to shrink you to the size of an ant and you touch water, it would be like you were reaching into glue.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":79,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":112,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":25,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","we","were","to","shrink","you","to","the","size","of","an","ant","and","you","touch","water",",","it","would","be","like","you","were","reaching","into","glue","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It would quickly engulf you, its surface tension too hard for you to break, and you'd drown.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":6},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":80,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["It","would","quickly","engulf","you",",","its","surface","tension","too","hard","for","you","to","break",",","and","you","'d","drown","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So insects evolved to be water-repellent.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","insects","evolved","to","be","water","-","repellent","."],"tags":[0,1,23,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For one, their exoskeleton is covered with a thin layer of wax, just like a car.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["For","one",",","their","exoskeleton","is","covered","with","a","thin","layer","of","wax",",","just","like","a","car","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This makes their surface at least partly water-repellent because it can't stick to it very well.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["This","makes","their","surface","at","least","partly","water","-","repellent","because","it","ca","n't","stick","to","it","very","well","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Many insects are also covered with tiny hairs that serve as a barrier.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Many","insects","are","also","covered","with","tiny","hairs","that","serve","as","a","barrier","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They vastly increase their surface area and prevent the droplets from touching their exoskeleton and make it easier to get rid of droplets.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":138,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["They","vastly","increase","their","surface","area","and","prevent","the","droplets","from","touching","their","exoskeleton","and","make","it","easier","to","get","rid","of","droplets","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To make use of surface tension, evolution cracked nanotechnology billions of years before us.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["To","make","use","of","surface","tension",",","evolution","cracked","nanotechnology","billions","of","years","before","us","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"When the insect dives underwater, air stays inside their fur and forms a coat of air.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":84,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["When","the","insect","dives","underwater",",","air","stays","inside","their","fur","and","forms","a","coat","of","air","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Water can't enter because the hairs are too tiny to break its surface tension.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Water","ca","n't","enter","because","the","hairs","are","too","tiny","to","break","its","surface","tension","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But it gets even better.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","it","gets","even","better","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"As the oxygen of the air bubble runs out, new oxygen diffuses into the bubble from the water around it, while the carbon dioxide diffuses outwards into the water.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":20,"token_start":16},{"end":160,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":30,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["As","the","oxygen","of","the","air","bubble","runs","out",",","new","oxygen","diffuses","into","the","bubble","from","the","water","around","it",",","while","the","carbon","dioxide","diffuses","outwards","into","the","water","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And so the insect carries its own outside lung around and can basically breathe underwater thanks to surface tension.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","so","the","insect","carries","its","own","outside","lung","around","and","can","basically","breathe","underwater","thanks","to","surface","tension","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,35,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is the same principle that enables pond skaters to walk on water, by the way.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","the","same","principle","that","enables","pond","skaters","to","walk","on","water",",","by","the","way","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The smaller you get, the weirder the environment becomes.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","smaller","you","get",",","the","weirder","the","environment","becomes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,11,12,1,2,21,0]}
{"text":"At some point, even air becomes more and more solid.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","some","point",",","even","air","becomes","more","and","more","solid","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's now zoom down to the smallest insects known, about half the size of a grain of salt.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":89,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","now","zoom","down","to","the","smallest","insects","known",",","about","half","the","size","of","a","grain","of","salt","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"They live in a world even weirder than other insects.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","live","in","a","world","even","weirder","than","other","insects","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For them, air itself is like thin jello, a syrup-like mass surrounding them at all times.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["For","them",",","air","itself","is","like","thin","jello",",","a","syrup","-","like","mass","surrounding","them","at","all","times","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Movement through it is not easy.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Movement","through","it","is","not","easy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"Flying on this level is not like elegant gliding.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Flying","on","this","level","is","not","like","elegant","gliding","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They have to kind of grab and hold on to air.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["They","have","to","kind","of","grab","and","hold","on","to","air","."],"tags":[1,17,18,13,14,19,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So their wings look like big hairy arms rather than proper insect wings.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","their","wings","look","like","big","hairy","arms","rather","than","proper","insect","wings","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They literally swim through the air like a tiny gross alien through syrup.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","literally","swim","through","the","air","like","a","tiny","gross","alien","through","syrup","."],"tags":[1,13,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Things only become stranger from here on as we explore more universes of different sizes.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Things","only","become","stranger","from","here","on","as","we","explore","more","universes","of","different","sizes","."],"tags":[1,13,21,11,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The physical rules are so different for each size that evolution had to engineer around them over and over as life grew in size in the last billion years.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":152,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":28,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","physical","rules","are","so","different","for","each","size","that","evolution","had","to","engineer","around","them","over","and","over","as","life","grew","in","size","in","the","last","billion","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So, why are there no ants the size of horses?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So",",","why","are","there","no","ants","the","size","of","horses","?"],"tags":[0,0,13,19,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We'll discuss this in the next part.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","'ll","discuss","this","in","the","next","part","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We have a monthly newsletter now.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","have","a","monthly","newsletter","now","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,13,0]}
{"text":"Sign up if you don't want to miss new videos and for bonus videos.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Sign","up","if","you","do","n't","want","to","miss","new","videos","and","for","bonus","videos","."],"tags":[31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Black holes can destroy everything.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Black","holes","can","destroy","everything","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"But can they be destroyed?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","can","they","be","destroyed","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,15,29,0]}
{"text":"What happens if we push physics to the absolute limit, maybe even breaking it and the universe in the process?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","happens","if","we","push","physics","to","the","absolute","limit",",","maybe","even","breaking","it","and","the","universe","in","the","process","?"],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's create a tiny black hole about the mass of our moon in the Kurzgesagt labs and try to rip it apart.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":104,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","create","a","tiny","black","hole","about","the","mass","of","our","moon","in","the","Kurzgesagt","labs","and","try","to","rip","it","apart","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Experiment 1 Nuke it.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Experiment","1","Nuke","it","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Big booms break things, so to set the mood, let's explode the world's entire nuclear arsenal around our black hole.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Big","booms","break","things",",","so","to","set","the","mood",",","let","'s","explode","the","world","'s","entire","nuclear","arsenal","around","our","black","hole","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Black holes swallow whatever crosses their event horizon, matter and energy.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Black","holes","swallow","whatever","crosses","their","event","horizon",",","matter","and","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And since E equals mc squared, all the energy that enters a black hole increases its mass.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":14,"token_start":7},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["And","since","E","equals","mc","squared",",","all","the","energy","that","enters","a","black","hole","increases","its","mass","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The mass of a black hole is proportional to its size, so as we nuke our tiny black hole, it just gets bigger and more massive.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":27,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","mass","of","a","black","hole","is","proportional","to","its","size",",","so","as","we","nuke","our","tiny","black","hole",",","it","just","gets","bigger","and","more","massive","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Matter and antimatter annihilate each other.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Matter","and","antimatter","annihilate","each","other","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"What will happen if we throw a moon's massive antimatter at it?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","will","happen","if","we","throw","a","moon","'s","massive","antimatter","at","it","?"],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, when an object enters a black hole, the black hole will completely delete its past identity, whether it's made of matter or of antimatter.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","when","an","object","enters","a","black","hole",",","the","black","hole","will","completely","delete","its","past","identity",",","whether","it","'s","made","of","matter","or","of","antimatter","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Black holes only care about gravity, which only depends on the total mass-energy of an object.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Black","holes","only","care","about","gravity",",","which","only","depends","on","the","total","mass","-","energy","of","an","object","."],"tags":[1,2,13,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And the mass of a particle is the same as its corresponding antiparticle, so throwing an antimoon has the same effect as throwing a moon.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":136,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["And","the","mass","of","a","particle","is","the","same","as","its","corresponding","antiparticle",",","so","throwing","an","antimoon","has","the","same","effect","as","throwing","a","moon","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The black hole just gets more massive.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","black","hole","just","gets","more","massive","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"This deleting ability of black holes is pretty interesting.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","deleting","ability","of","black","holes","is","pretty","interesting","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"It means that despite their size and power, black holes are, in a way, similar to elementary particles.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","means","that","despite","their","size","and","power",",","black","holes","are",",","in","a","way",",","similar","to","elementary","particles","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"An elementary particle like an electron is an extremely simple object, fully specified by just three numbers, its mass, spin and charge.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":134,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["An","elementary","particle","like","an","electron","is","an","extremely","simple","object",",","fully","specified","by","just","three","numbers",",","its","mass",",","spin","and","charge","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And, amazingly, the same is true for black holes.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And",",","amazingly",",","the","same","is","true","for","black","holes","."],"tags":[0,0,13,0,1,2,21,11,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They have a mass, they can rotate and carry an electric charge.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","have","a","mass",",","they","can","rotate","and","carry","an","electric","charge","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Once a black hole forms, it doesn't matter if it comes from a collapsed star, an anti-star or a banana, it will always be fully described by those three numbers, nothing else.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":102,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Once","a","black","hole","forms",",","it","does","n't","matter","if","it","comes","from","a","collapsed","star",",","an","anti","-","star","or","a","banana",",","it","will","always","be","fully","described","by","those","three","numbers",",","nothing","else","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,37,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But if a black hole is basically a weird particle, could we destroy it with an anti-black hole?","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["But","if","a","black","hole","is","basically","a","weird","particle",",","could","we","destroy","it","with","an","anti","-","black","hole","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,15,1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A particle has the same mass as its corresponding antiparticle, but opposite charge.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["A","particle","has","the","same","mass","as","its","corresponding","antiparticle",",","but","opposite","charge","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Since a black hole has mass and electric charge, its corresponding anti-black hole should have the same mass and opposite electric charge.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":15,"token_start":10},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":83,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":93,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":90,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":136,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Since","a","black","hole","has","mass","and","electric","charge",",","its","corresponding","anti","-","black","hole","should","have","the","same","mass","and","opposite","electric","charge","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Sadly, the charge will just add up and cancel out.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Sadly",",","the","charge","will","just","add","up","and","cancel","out","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,13,31,32,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"So, after the collision, we'll just get a new black hole twice as massive with no charge.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":16,"token_start":10},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["So",",","after","the","collision",",","we","'ll","just","get","a","new","black","hole","twice","as","massive","with","no","charge","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Okay, we need to think bigger and stretch physics harder.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Okay",",","we","need","to","think","bigger","and","stretch","physics","harder","."],"tags":[0,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Experiment 4, Destory the event horizon.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Experiment","4",",","Destory","the","event","horizon","."],"tags":[0,0,0,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's true that a black hole can carry spin and charge, but even for these crazy objects, there are limits.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["It","'s","true","that","a","black","hole","can","carry","spin","and","charge",",","but","even","for","these","crazy","objects",",","there","are","limits","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If the spin or the charge of a black hole becomes too large, something really weird will happen.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":94,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":89,"token_end":18,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","the","spin","or","the","charge","of","a","black","hole","becomes","too","large",",","something","really","weird","will","happen","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"The event horizon will dissolve.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","event","horizon","will","dissolve","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"In a simplified way, we think of black holes as hiding a singularity inside,","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","a","simplified","way",",","we","think","of","black","holes","as","hiding","a","singularity","inside",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is why a black hole looks like a black sphere of nothingness.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","why","a","black","hole","looks","like","a","black","sphere","of","nothingness","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The event horizon is the outer edge of this ultimate prison.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","event","horizon","is","the","outer","edge","of","this","ultimate","prison","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Cross it, and you'll never be able to come back.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":14,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Cross","it",",","and","you","'ll","never","be","able","to","come","back","."],"tags":[19,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But when a black hole rotates, it works a bit like a spinning washing machine.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","when","a","black","hole","rotates",",","it","works","a","bit","like","a","spinning","washing","machine","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's as if the rotation wants to repel nearby objects and push them out of the black hole, which doesn't happen because its gravity is so strong.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":144,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":29,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","as","if","the","rotation","wants","to","repel","nearby","objects","and","push","them","out","of","the","black","hole",",","which","does","n't","happen","because","its","gravity","is","so","strong","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But if the rotation gets too fast, this effect will win and the event horizon will disappear.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","if","the","rotation","gets","too","fast",",","this","effect","will","win","and","the","event","horizon","will","disappear","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Nearby objects won't be imprisoned forever anymore.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Nearby","objects","wo","n't","be","imprisoned","forever","anymore","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,15,29,13,13,0]}
{"text":"The same thing happens with the electric charge.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","same","thing","happens","with","the","electric","charge","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Make it too large, and our ironclad jail will break open.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Make","it","too","large",",","and","our","ironclad","jail","will","break","open","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If we manage to destroy the event horizon, the singularity would still be there, and objects would still naturally fall towards it.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":73,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":85,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","we","manage","to","destroy","the","event","horizon",",","the","singularity","would","still","be","there",",","and","objects","would","still","naturally","fall","towards","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,11,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you hit it, you would still die horribly and quickly.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","you","hit","it",",","you","would","still","die","horribly","and","quickly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But the vicinity of the singularity won't be an inescapable prison anymore.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","the","vicinity","of","the","singularity","wo","n't","be","an","inescapable","prison","anymore","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,15,37,21,11,12,12,13,0]}
{"text":"You could get as close as you want and come back.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["You","could","get","as","close","as","you","want","and","come","back","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"This should count as destroying the black hole.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","should","count","as","destroying","the","black","hole","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Can we do it?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Can","we","do","it","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"All we have to do is to overcharge or overspin the black hole.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["All","we","have","to","do","is","to","overcharge","or","overspin","the","black","hole","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We could do this by throwing objects with a small mass and a lot of charge or angular momentum so that the charge or spin increases faster than the mass.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":151,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":29,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","could","do","this","by","throwing","objects","with","a","small","mass","and","a","lot","of","charge","or","angular","momentum","so","that","the","charge","or","spin","increases","faster","than","the","mass","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We have to overfeed the black hole until it reaches the point where it breaks open.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","have","to","overfeed","the","black","hole","until","it","reaches","the","point","where","it","breaks","open","."],"tags":[1,17,18,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"However, whether you can actually do this is the subject of passionate argument among physicists.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["However",",","whether","you","can","actually","do","this","is","the","subject","of","passionate","argument","among","physicists","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Think of a charged black hole.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Think","of","a","charged","black","hole","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Equal charges repel each other, and the more of the same charges you squish together, the more they push back.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Equal","charges","repel","each","other",",","and","the","more","of","the","same","charges","you","squish","together",",","the","more","they","push","back","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So let's say that we have a negatively charged black hole and we want to overfeed it with electrons, for example, whose charge is far larger than its mass.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":154,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":31,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","let","'s","say","that","we","have","a","negatively","charged","black","hole","and","we","want","to","overfeed","it","with","electrons",",","for","example",",","whose","charge","is","far","larger","than","its","mass","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The electrons will feel an electrostatic repulsion, and the more electrons we throw, the larger the negative charge of the black hole will be and the stronger the repulsion.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":172,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":30,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","electrons","will","feel","an","electrostatic","repulsion",",","and","the","more","electrons","we","throw",",","the","larger","the","negative","charge","of","the","black","hole","will","be","and","the","stronger","the","repulsion","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But once we reach the upper limit, the electrostatic repulsion will be so strong that it won't allow any more electrons to come in.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":130,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":25,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","once","we","reach","the","upper","limit",",","the","electrostatic","repulsion","will","be","so","strong","that","it","wo","n't","allow","any","more","electrons","to","come","in","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"At this point, the black hole will refuse to be overfed.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["At","this","point",",","the","black","hole","will","refuse","to","be","overfed","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"With the spin, it's similar.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["With","the","spin",",","it","'s","similar","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Once the black hole reaches its upper limit, it won't gobble more spin.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Once","the","black","hole","reaches","its","upper","limit",",","it","wo","n't","gobble","more","spin","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"But some scientists have discovered what looks like a loophole.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","some","scientists","have","discovered","what","looks","like","a","loophole","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If an instant before the black hole reaches the limit, we throw the right amount of matter in in just the right way, it looks like we could actually overfeed it.","spans":[{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":23,"token_start":0},{"end":119,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":117,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":125,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":120,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":160,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":126,"token_end":32,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["If","an","instant","before","the","black","hole","reaches","the","limit",",","we","throw","the","right","amount","of","matter","in","in","just","the","right","way",",","it","looks","like","we","could","actually","overfeed","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Most scientists are skeptical, but let's give it a try anyway.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Most","scientists","are","skeptical",",","but","let","'s","give","it","a","try","anyway","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There is a catch, though.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["There","is","a","catch",",","though","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,0,13,0]}
{"text":"The horizon of a black hole hides the singularity.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","horizon","of","a","black","hole","hides","the","singularity","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"So destroying the horizon would leave us with a naked singularity, one that is not hidden by an event horizon.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":109,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","destroying","the","horizon","would","leave","us","with","a","naked","singularity",",","one","that","is","not","hidden","by","an","event","horizon","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"And this poses a problem.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","this","poses","a","problem","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"It could mean the end of physics as we know it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","could","mean","the","end","of","physics","as","we","know","it","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There's a big dirty secret about black holes.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","a","big","dirty","secret","about","black","holes","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Contrary to widespread belief, the singularity of a black hole is not really at its center.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Contrary","to","widespread","belief",",","the","singularity","of","a","black","hole","is","not","really","at","its","center","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's in the future of whatever crosses the horizon.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","in","the","future","of","whatever","crosses","the","horizon","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Black holes warp the universe so drastically that at the event horizon, space and time switch their roles.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Black","holes","warp","the","universe","so","drastically","that","at","the","event","horizon",",","space","and","time","switch","their","roles","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Once you cross it, falling towards the center means going towards the future.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Once","you","cross","it",",","falling","towards","the","center","means","going","towards","the","future","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That's why you can't escape.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","why","you","ca","n't","escape","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Stopping your fall and turning back would be just as impossible as stopping time and traveling to the past.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Stopping","your","fall","and","turning","back","would","be","just","as","impossible","as","stopping","time","and","traveling","to","the","past","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So the singularity is actually in your future, not in front of you.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","the","singularity","is","actually","in","your","future",",","not","in","front","of","you","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And just like you can't see your own future, you won't see the singularity until you hit it.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":54,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":20,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["And","just","like","you","ca","n't","see","your","own","future",",","you","wo","n't","see","the","singularity","until","you","hit","it","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But you also can't hit something that's in your future, you only sort of experience it, like you'll experience your next birthday when it happens.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":29,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["But","you","also","ca","n't","hit","something","that","'s","in","your","future",",","you","only","sort","of","experience","it",",","like","you","'ll","experience","your","next","birthday","when","it","happens","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,13,13,14,19,5,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Singularities that are in the future are not a problem because we can't see them or interact with them.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Singularities","that","are","in","the","future","are","not","a","problem","because","we","ca","n't","see","them","or","interact","with","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But a naked singularity would be in front of us for all of us to see.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","a","naked","singularity","would","be","in","front","of","us","for","all","of","us","to","see","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What would we see?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","would","we","see","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"Well, the whole point is that it's impossible to know.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Well",",","the","whole","point","is","that","it","'s","impossible","to","know","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A singularity is a region of infinite gravity, and gravity is the bending of space-time.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["A","singularity","is","a","region","of","infinite","gravity",",","and","gravity","is","the","bending","of","space","-","time","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"At a singularity, the bending is so radical that the fabric of space-time is literally broken.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","a","singularity",",","the","bending","is","so","radical","that","the","fabric","of","space","-","time","is","literally","broken","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Space and time don't exist anymore.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Space","and","time","do","n't","exist","anymore","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,37,19,13,0]}
{"text":"This means that you can't predict anything, since predicting means making a forecast about where and when something will happen.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":127,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","that","you","ca","n't","predict","anything",",","since","predicting","means","making","a","forecast","about","where","and","when","something","will","happen","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So we have an unpredictable thing with infinite gravity and therefore infinite energy.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","we","have","an","unpredictable","thing","with","infinite","gravity","and","therefore","infinite","energy","."],"tags":[13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This means that anything could come out of it for no reason, from a pile of bananas to lost socks or a solar system.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":115,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":24,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","that","anything","could","come","out","of","it","for","no","reason",",","from","a","pile","of","bananas","to","lost","socks","or","a","solar","system","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Predictability, causality and physics as we know it would break down.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Predictability",",","causality","and","physics","as","we","know","it","would","break","down","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,31,32,0]}
{"text":"We think that singularities should exist in nature because we can prove that under very general conditions, gravitational collapse leads to the formation of singularities.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":170,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":25,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","think","that","singularities","should","exist","in","nature","because","we","can","prove","that","under","very","general","conditions",",","gravitational","collapse","leads","to","the","formation","of","singularities","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"However, scientists think that nature forbids the formation of naked singularities.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["However",",","scientists","think","that","nature","forbids","the","formation","of","naked","singularities","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Something enforces the creation of an event horizon around them to prevent their insanity from infecting the rest of the universe.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Something","enforces","the","creation","of","an","event","horizon","around","them","to","prevent","their","insanity","from","infecting","the","rest","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Without event horizons, physics may not make sense at all.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Without","event","horizons",",","physics","may","not","make","sense","at","all","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,37,31,32,13,14,0]}
{"text":"So although black holes have been portrayed as the ultimate monsters of the universe, they may actually be the heroes that keep us safe from the madness of singularities.","spans":[{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":13,"token_start":1},{"end":90,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":94,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":91,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":106,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":104,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":169,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":29,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["So","although","black","holes","have","been","portrayed","as","the","ultimate","monsters","of","the","universe",",","they","may","actually","be","the","heroes","that","keep","us","safe","from","the","madness","of","singularities","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So if we do destroy the horizon, we might destroy the fundamental rules of the universe.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So","if","we","do","destroy","the","horizon",",","we","might","destroy","the","fundamental","rules","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You know what?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","know","what","?"],"tags":[1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Let's not do that.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","not","do","that","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"As far as we know, there's just one safe method to destroy a black hole.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["As","far","as","we","know",",","there","'s","just","one","safe","method","to","destroy","a","black","hole","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Wait!","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0}],"tokens":["Wait","!"],"tags":[19,0]}
{"text":"All black holes emit tiny particles, a phenomenon called Hawking radiation.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["All","black","holes","emit","tiny","particles",",","a","phenomenon","called","Hawking","radiation","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This process causes them to slowly lose mass until they eventually evaporate, leaving behind no horizon and no naked singularity.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":76,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["This","process","causes","them","to","slowly","lose","mass","until","they","eventually","evaporate",",","leaving","behind","no","horizon","and","no","naked","singularity","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The time it takes for a black hole to completely evaporate depends on its mass.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","time","it","takes","for","a","black","hole","to","completely","evaporate","depends","on","its","mass","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For our mini black hole, the size of a speck of dust, it will be about 10 to the power of 44 years.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":24,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["For","our","mini","black","hole",",","the","size","of","a","speck","of","dust",",","it","will","be","about","10","to","the","power","of","44","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So is it possible to destroy a black hole?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","is","it","possible","to","destroy","a","black","hole","?"],"tags":[0,21,3,11,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Yes, we just have to wait.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Yes",",","we","just","have","to","wait","."],"tags":[0,0,1,13,17,18,19,0]}
{"text":"But you don't have to wait that long.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","you","do","n't","have","to","wait","that","long","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,17,18,19,13,14,0]}
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{"text":"To help you with that, we've created a series of lessons to take your scientific knowledge to the next level.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["To","help","you","with","that",",","we","'ve","created","a","series","of","lessons","to","take","your","scientific","knowledge","to","the","next","level","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"There's even a lesson on black holes, where you can delve into the fundamental principles behind their behavior and life cycle.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":126,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","even","a","lesson","on","black","holes",",","where","you","can","delve","into","the","fundamental","principles","behind","their","behavior","and","life","cycle","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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{"text":"Their latest course, Exploring Data Visually, will teach you everything you need and nothing you don't to start your journey in data science.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":140,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":25,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Their","latest","course",",","Exploring","Data","Visually",",","will","teach","you","everything","you","need","and","nothing","you","do","n't","to","start","your","journey","in","data","science","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
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{"text":"In a world overflowing with information, data skills are becoming essential in virtually every field.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","a","world","overflowing","with","information",",","data","skills","are","becoming","essential","in","virtually","every","field","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,13,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"We love seeing how the gears interlock with our research.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","love","seeing","how","the","gears","interlock","with","our","research","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"The Earth is a gigantic ball of semi-molten rock, with a heart of iron as hot as the surface of the Sun.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":102,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":24,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","Earth","is","a","gigantic","ball","of","semi","-","molten","rock",",","with","a","heart","of","iron","as","hot","as","the","surface","of","the","Sun","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Titanic amounts of heat left over from its birth and the radioactive decay of trillions of tons of radioactive elements find no escape but up.","spans":[{"end":118,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":19,"token_start":0},{"end":123,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":120,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":140,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":125,"token_end":24,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Titanic","amounts","of","heat","left","over","from","its","birth","and","the","radioactive","decay","of","trillions","of","tons","of","radioactive","elements","find","no","escape","but","up","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Currents of rock spanning thousands of kilometers carry this energy to the surface.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Currents","of","rock","spanning","thousands","of","kilometers","carry","this","energy","to","the","surface","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Earth's crust is the only thing in their way.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Earth","'s","crust","is","the","only","thing","in","their","way","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It feels solid to us, but it's only a fragile barrier, an apple skin around a flaming behemoth.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","feels","solid","to","us",",","but","it","'s","only","a","fragile","barrier",",","an","apple","skin","around","a","flaming","behemoth","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"True apocalypses can break through and unleash eruptions tens of times more powerful than all of our nuclear weapons combined,","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":125,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["True","apocalypses","can","break","through","and","unleash","eruptions","tens","of","times","more","powerful","than","all","of","our","nuclear","weapons","combined",","],"tags":[1,2,15,31,32,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"How big can they get?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["How","big","can","they","get","?"],"tags":[11,12,15,1,21,0]}
{"text":"And will they put an end to humanity?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","will","they","put","an","end","to","humanity","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There are many types of volcanoes, from towering mountains to lava domes, but they have two main sources.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["There","are","many","types","of","volcanoes",",","from","towering","mountains","to","lava","domes",",","but","they","have","two","main","sources","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The first is at the boundaries between tectonic plates, the pieces of the crust that cover the Earth like a giant jigsaw puzzle.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":127,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":23,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","first","is","at","the","boundaries","between","tectonic","plates",",","the","pieces","of","the","crust","that","cover","the","Earth","like","a","giant","jigsaw","puzzle","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There are seven major tectonic plates and dozens of smaller ones, drifting against each other at up to 15 centimeters per year.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":126,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","seven","major","tectonic","plates","and","dozens","of","smaller","ones",",","drifting","against","each","other","at","up","to","15","centimeters","per","year","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This sounds slow, but on geological terms, it is a titanic struggle over who gets to stay on the surface.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","sounds","slow",",","but","on","geological","terms",",","it","is","a","titanic","struggle","over","who","gets","to","stay","on","the","surface","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The winning plate crumples into a new mountain range, while the loser is shoved underneath, into an ocean of hot rock at 1,300 degrees Celsius.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":26,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","winning","plate","crumples","into","a","new","mountain","range",",","while","the","loser","is","shoved","underneath",",","into","an","ocean","of","hot","rock","at","1,300","degrees","Celsius","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The temperature here is enough to melt rock into a liquid, but the insane pressures of all that mass keep it a superheated solid.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","temperature","here","is","enough","to","melt","rock","into","a","liquid",",","but","the","insane","pressures","of","all","that","mass","keep","it","a","superheated","solid","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Tectonic plates are usually in contact with water for thousands of years and absorb some of it.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Tectonic","plates","are","usually","in","contact","with","water","for","thousands","of","years","and","absorb","some","of","it","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"When they're submerged into the hot underworld, this water triggers chemical transformations that allow tiny portions to melt into magma.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":135,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["When","they","'re","submerged","into","the","hot","underworld",",","this","water","triggers","chemical","transformations","that","allow","tiny","portions","to","melt","into","magma","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Liquid magma is less dense than solid rock, so it rises to the surface in furious bubbles that accumulate in sponge-like reservoirs right under the crust.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":153,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":28,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Liquid","magma","is","less","dense","than","solid","rock",",","so","it","rises","to","the","surface","in","furious","bubbles","that","accumulate","in","sponge","-","like","reservoirs","right","under","the","crust","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If enough magma accumulates, it becomes powerful enough to pierce through the crust, which we experience as volcanoes.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["If","enough","magma","accumulates",",","it","becomes","powerful","enough","to","pierce","through","the","crust",",","which","we","experience","as","volcanoes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This happens under the winning plate, like a revenge attack by the loser before it's erased forever.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","happens","under","the","winning","plate",",","like","a","revenge","attack","by","the","loser","before","it","'s","erased","forever","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The second main source of volcanoes are thought to be mantle plumes.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","second","main","source","of","volcanoes","are","thought","to","be","mantle","plumes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"These are columns of abnormally hot rock that rise all the way from the planet's core mantle boundary to the surface.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":115,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["These","are","columns","of","abnormally","hot","rock","that","rise","all","the","way","from","the","planet","'s","core","mantle","boundary","to","the","surface","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Much less is known about them, but in a way, it's as if the Earth's mantle has weather patterns and mantle plumes are a little like hot air rising to form storm clouds.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":167,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":36,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Much","less","is","known","about","them",",","but","in","a","way",",","it","'s","as","if","the","Earth","'s","mantle","has","weather","patterns","and","mantle","plumes","are","a","little","like","hot","air","rising","to","form","storm","clouds","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They don't care about the motion of tectonic plates, so they can break the crust to create volcanoes in the middle of nowhere that stubbornly stay active as the crust shifts around them.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":185,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":34,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["They","do","n't","care","about","the","motion","of","tectonic","plates",",","so","they","can","break","the","crust","to","create","volcanoes","in","the","middle","of","nowhere","that","stubbornly","stay","active","as","the","crust","shifts","around","them","."],"tags":[1,15,37,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Scientists love to put big booms on a scale and came up with a logarithmic scale that measures the volume ejected during an eruption.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":132,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":23,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Scientists","love","to","put","big","booms","on","a","scale","and","came","up","with","a","logarithmic","scale","that","measures","the","volume","ejected","during","an","eruption","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Simply put, it starts really small and gets very big very quickly.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Simply","put",",","it","starts","really","small","and","gets","very","big","very","quickly","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,25,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A VEI 2 eruption would fill 400 full Olympic swimming pools with lava.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["A","VEI","2","eruption","would","fill","400","full","Olympic","swimming","pools","with","lava","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"We have around 10 of these per year.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","around","10","of","these","per","year","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"At VEI 3, we already see devastating effects like the eruption of the Semeru volcano in 2021 that destroyed thousands of homes in Indonesia.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":139,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","VEI","3",",","we","already","see","devastating","effects","like","the","eruption","of","the","Semeru","volcano","in","2021","that","destroyed","thousands","of","homes","in","Indonesia","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"At VEI 5, we see catastrophic amounts of materials, cubic kilometers of debris, equivalent to an entire lake of molten rock blasted into the air.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":143,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":27,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["At","VEI","5",",","we","see","catastrophic","amounts","of","materials",",","cubic","kilometers","of","debris",",","equivalent","to","an","entire","lake","of","molten","rock","blasted","into","the","air","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"At a VEI of 6, an eruption can change the world.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["At","a","VEI","of","6",",","an","eruption","can","change","the","world","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"In 1883, the Indonesian island volcano Krakatoa erupted nearly continuously over the course of five months.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","1883",",","the","Indonesian","island","volcano","Krakatoa","erupted","nearly","continuously","over","the","course","of","five","months","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One of those eruptions blew it apart, producing the loudest sound recorded in history.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["One","of","those","eruptions","blew","it","apart",",","producing","the","loudest","sound","recorded","in","history","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,5,35,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"30-meter high tsunamis swept away nearby populations and so much gas and ash were released, the global temperatures cooled by nearly 0.5 degrees Celsius.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":152,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":26,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["30","-","meter","high","tsunamis","swept","away","nearby","populations","and","so","much","gas","and","ash","were","released",",","the","global","temperatures","cooled","by","nearly","0.5","degrees","Celsius","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,35,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Red, dusty sunsets followed for many years.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Red",",","dusty","sunsets","followed","for","many","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At VEI 7, we get supercolossal eruptions, millennium-defining events that human civilization has only encountered a handful of times.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":132,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":22,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["At","VEI","7",",","we","get","supercolossal","eruptions",",","millennium","-","defining","events","that","human","civilization","has","only","encountered","a","handful","of","times","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Mount Tambora was a 4,300-meter high mountain until it exploded in 1815 and released 400 times more energy than the Tsar Bomba.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Mount","Tambora","was","a","4,300","-","meter","high","mountain","until","it","exploded","in","1815","and","released","400","times","more","energy","than","the","Tsar","Bomba","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"140 billion tons of ash and dust were shot halfway to space before smothering the world's skies, turning them a sickly yellow.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["140","billion","tons","of","ash","and","dust","were","shot","halfway","to","space","before","smothering","the","world","'s","skies",",","turning","them","a","sickly","yellow","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There was no summer the following year, crops died, and over 100,000 people perished.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":84,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["There","was","no","summer","the","following","year",",","crops","died",",","and","over","100,000","people","perished","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,13,14,14,0,41,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is the dreadful potential of volcanic eruptions, with famines across the other side of the world and even centuries-long cold periods being attributed to them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":162,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":28,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","is","the","dreadful","potential","of","volcanic","eruptions",",","with","famines","across","the","other","side","of","the","world","and","even","centuries","-","long","cold","periods","being","attributed","to","them","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Okay, but what's a supervolcano?","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Okay",",","but","what","'s","a","supervolcano","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,11,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"The term supervolcano is a media invention and not a scientific term.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","term","supervolcano","is","a","media","invention","and","not","a","scientific","term","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The main issue with them is that not every eruption from a supervolcano is a supereruption.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","main","issue","with","them","is","that","not","every","eruption","from","a","supervolcano","is","a","supereruption","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"What makes supervolcanoes special is that they've been waiting to erupt for hundreds of thousands of years.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["What","makes","supervolcanoes","special","is","that","they","'ve","been","waiting","to","erupt","for","hundreds","of","thousands","of","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Pressure builds up in colossal magma reservoirs several kilometers deep until it becomes strong enough to lift the rock above it by several meters.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":146,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":23,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Pressure","builds","up","in","colossal","magma","reservoirs","several","kilometers","deep","until","it","becomes","strong","enough","to","lift","the","rock","above","it","by","several","meters","."],"tags":[1,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Rocks crack under the pressure until they finally give way and billions of tons of gas and ash blast out at supersonic speed.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":124,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Rocks","crack","under","the","pressure","until","they","finally","give","way","and","billions","of","tons","of","gas","and","ash","blast","out","at","supersonic","speed","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And yet, that is only a small portion of the magma reservoir.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","that","is","only","a","small","portion","of","the","magma","reservoir","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Supereruptions are like a boiling pot of water popping its lid off and spitting a bit off the top.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Supereruptions","are","like","a","boiling","pot","of","water","popping","its","lid","off","and","spitting","a","bit","off","the","top","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Afterwards, the ground collapses into the void left behind, forming a hole called a caldera.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Afterwards",",","the","ground","collapses","into","the","void","left","behind",",","forming","a","hole","called","a","caldera","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Under this caldera, pressure starts building again until the volcano gathers enough energy for another supereruption.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Under","this","caldera",",","pressure","starts","building","again","until","the","volcano","gathers","enough","energy","for","another","supereruption","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But this could take hundreds of thousands of years.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","this","could","take","hundreds","of","thousands","of","years","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's estimated that one of the few volcanoes capable of supereruptions on Earth could cause a catastrophic eruption every 17,000 years on average.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":145,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":23,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","estimated","that","one","of","the","few","volcanoes","capable","of","supereruptions","on","Earth","could","cause","a","catastrophic","eruption","every","17,000","years","on","average","."],"tags":[3,15,29,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"That would make them far more frequent than comparable asteroid impacts.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["That","would","make","them","far","more","frequent","than","comparable","asteroid","impacts","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The most recent supereruption is the Oranui eruption 26,500 years ago in New Zealand.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","most","recent","supereruption","is","the","Oranui","eruption","26,500","years","ago","in","New","Zealand","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"With the force of dozens of billions of tons of TNT, a Mount Everest-sized pile of explosives, a huge portion of the landscape was scooped out and thrown into the atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":19,"token_start":0},{"end":126,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":26,"token_start":21},{"end":130,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":127,"token_end":27,"token_start":27},{"end":138,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":131,"token_end":28,"token_start":28},{"end":142,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":139,"token_end":29,"token_start":29},{"end":173,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":147,"token_end":34,"token_start":31}],"tokens":["With","the","force","of","dozens","of","billions","of","tons","of","TNT",",","a","Mount","Everest","-","sized","pile","of","explosives",",","a","huge","portion","of","the","landscape","was","scooped","out","and","thrown","into","the","atmosphere","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,35,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It left behind a caldera spanning 20 kilometers, and it caused the entire southern hemisphere to undergo a period of abrupt cooling.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","left","behind","a","caldera","spanning","20","kilometers",",","and","it","caused","the","entire","southern","hemisphere","to","undergo","a","period","of","abrupt","cooling","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Though among supereruptions, it's a mere firework.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Though","among","supereruptions",",","it","'s","a","mere","firework","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The Lake Toba eruption of 74,000 years ago was a much more significant turning point in history.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","Lake","Toba","eruption","of","74,000","years","ago","was","a","much","more","significant","turning","point","in","history","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It released a gargantuan 5,300 cubic kilometers of material, enough to blanket parts of South Asia in 15 centimeters of ash and trigger a rapid 4 degrees Celsius drop in global temperatures.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":188,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":32,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","released","a","gargantuan","5,300","cubic","kilometers","of","material",",","enough","to","blanket","parts","of","South","Asia","in","15","centimeters","of","ash","and","trigger","a","rapid","4","degrees","Celsius","drop","in","global","temperatures","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's possible that the volcanic winter lasted 10 years, followed by worldwide droughts for centuries.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":100,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","possible","that","the","volcanic","winter","lasted","10","years",",","followed","by","worldwide","droughts","for","centuries","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Earth's climate might have not recovered for a thousand years.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Earth","'s","climate","might","have","not","recovered","for","a","thousand","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,37,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The largest volcanic events we know of were not really huge explosions, but floods of millions of cubic kilometers of lava.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":121,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":21,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","largest","volcanic","events","we","know","of","were","not","really","huge","explosions",",","but","floods","of","millions","of","cubic","kilometers","of","lava","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The grand finale were the Siberian Traps around 250 million years ago, a continuous release of lava for 2 million years.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","grand","finale","were","the","Siberian","Traps","around","250","million","years","ago",",","a","continuous","release","of","lava","for","2","million","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They raised the ocean temperatures to over 40 degrees Celsius, which caused the Permian-Triassic extinction, killing over 90% of all species.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["They","raised","the","ocean","temperatures","to","over","40","degrees","Celsius",",","which","caused","the","Permian","-","Triassic","extinction",",","killing","over","90","%","of","all","species","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Earth's surface needed 9 million years to recover.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Earth","'s","surface","needed","9","million","years","to","recover","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"These sorts of eruptions don't change the climate.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["These","sorts","of","eruptions","do","n't","change","the","climate","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"They are the climate.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","the","climate","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"But thankfully, we haven't seen anything even remotely close to that scale in many millions of years.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","thankfully",",","we","have","n't","seen","anything","even","remotely","close","to","that","scale","in","many","millions","of","years","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,15,37,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, should you be scared of supervolcanoes?","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So",",","should","you","be","scared","of","supervolcanoes","?"],"tags":[0,0,15,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They've been used to frighten many people and are overhyped as an unavoidable apocalypse.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","'ve","been","used","to","frighten","many","people","and","are","overhyped","as","an","unavoidable","apocalypse","."],"tags":[1,15,17,18,18,5,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The most famous one, Yellowstone, will erupt again, but they will be relatively small eruptions.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","most","famous","one",",","Yellowstone",",","will","erupt","again",",","but","they","will","be","relatively","small","eruptions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,0,39,0,15,19,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The chance of a VEI8 eruption in the next few hundred years is less than 2%, and more importantly, it wouldn't come as a sudden surprise.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":136,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":29,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["The","chance","of","a","VEI8","eruption","in","the","next","few","hundred","years","is","less","than","2","%",",","and","more","importantly",",","it","would","n't","come","as","a","sudden","surprise","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"However, less powerful but more frequent eruptions can also do serious damage to our civilizations and are in many ways a much greater concern.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":142,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":103,"token_end":24,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["However",",","less","powerful","but","more","frequent","eruptions","can","also","do","serious","damage","to","our","civilizations","and","are","in","many","ways","a","much","greater","concern","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, we must watch for slow changes in magma reservoirs, like ground swelling and temperature increases,","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So",",","we","must","watch","for","slow","changes","in","magma","reservoirs",",","like","ground","swelling","and","temperature","increases",","],"tags":[0,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And there's time to develop solutions that can remove sulfur and ash from the stratosphere to eliminate the root cause of the climate disruption we've seen from previous eruptions.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":179,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":30,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","'s","time","to","develop","solutions","that","can","remove","sulfur","and","ash","from","the","stratosphere","to","eliminate","the","root","cause","of","the","climate","disruption","we","'ve","seen","from","previous","eruptions","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Who knows?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Who","knows","?"],"tags":[1,25,0]}
{"text":"Maybe we'll even be able to turn this force of destruction into an agent for good by exploiting the geothermal energy held in their giant magma reservoirs.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":27,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Maybe","we","'ll","even","be","able","to","turn","this","force","of","destruction","into","an","agent","for","good","by","exploiting","the","geothermal","energy","held","in","their","giant","magma","reservoirs","."],"tags":[13,1,15,13,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We've done this work for so many other disasters, and we are already doing things we could only have dreamed about decades ago,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":24,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","'ve","done","this","work","for","so","many","other","disasters",",","and","we","are","already","doing","things","we","could","only","have","dreamed","about","decades","ago",","],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"With determination, humanity really can solve anything.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["With","determination",",","humanity","really","can","solve","anything","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,13,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"So, while deep below us an angry hell is churning and waiting for its moment, you can sleep well tonight.","spans":[{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":15,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":91,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":86,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":21,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["So",",","while","deep","below","us","an","angry","hell","is","churning","and","waiting","for","its","moment",",","you","can","sleep","well","tonight","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,0]}
{"text":"Learning how we can get ahead of catastrophes like climate change and supervolcanoes is interesting but can also be challenging.","spans":[{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":87,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":104,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Learning","how","we","can","get","ahead","of","catastrophes","like","climate","change","and","supervolcanoes","is","interesting","but","can","also","be","challenging","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Maybe you still feel like you don't really understand how most of the science behind it works.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Maybe","you","still","feel","like","you","do","n't","really","understand","how","most","of","the","science","behind","it","works","."],"tags":[13,1,13,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And, on your own, it seems too hard to dig deeper.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And",",","on","your","own",",","it","seems","too","hard","to","dig","deeper","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"To solve this, we've collaborated with our friends from Brilliant to create a series of lessons to build your understanding of fundamental science.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":24,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["To","solve","this",",","we","'ve","collaborated","with","our","friends","from","Brilliant","to","create","a","series","of","lessons","to","build","your","understanding","of","fundamental","science","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"Think of each lesson as a one-on-one deep dive version of a Kurzgesagt video.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Think","of","each","lesson","as","a","one","-","on","-","one","deep","dive","version","of","a","Kurzgesagt","video","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"In our latest lessons, you'll discover the mechanisms that drive climate change and use them to understand the impact of supervolcanoes on our global climate.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":157,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":84,"token_end":26,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["In","our","latest","lessons",",","you","'ll","discover","the","mechanisms","that","drive","climate","change","and","use","them","to","understand","the","impact","of","supervolcanoes","on","our","global","climate","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Beyond new Kurzgesagt lessons regularly released, Brilliant has thousands of lessons for members to explore.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":60,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Beyond","new","Kurzgesagt","lessons","regularly","released",",","Brilliant","has","thousands","of","lessons","for","members","to","explore","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"With new releases each month, you'll always find something fascinating to learn.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["With","new","releases","each","month",",","you","'ll","always","find","something","fascinating","to","learn","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"And with a free trial of Brilliant Premium, you can explore everything Brilliant has to offer.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","with","a","free","trial","of","Brilliant","Premium",",","you","can","explore","everything","Brilliant","has","to","offer","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There's even an extra perk for Kurzgesagt viewers.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","even","an","extra","perk","for","Kurzgesagt","viewers","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The first 200 people to use the link get 20% off their annual membership, which unlocks all of Brilliant's courses in maths, science, and computer science.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":153,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":30,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","first","200","people","to","use","the","link","get","20","%","off","their","annual","membership",",","which","unlocks","all","of","Brilliant","'s","courses","in","maths",",","science",",","and","computer","science","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We love going down a rabbit hole with our research.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","love","going","down","a","rabbit","hole","with","our","research","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Brilliant will take you by the hand to come along on the ride.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Brilliant","will","take","you","by","the","hand","to","come","along","on","the","ride","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Today, we are answering an age-old, very scientific and important question.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Today",",","we","are","answering","an","age","-","old",",","very","scientific","and","important","question","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's more interesting and weird than you probably think.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","more","interesting","and","weird","than","you","probably","think","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's start with the basics.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","start","with","the","basics","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Why isn't the Moon on its way to crash into us already?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Why","is","n't","the","Moon","on","its","way","to","crash","into","us","already","?"],"tags":[13,21,37,1,2,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,0]}
{"text":"We know that Earth's gravity pulls everything towards it, including the Moon, but somehow it stays up, as if suspended by some opposite force.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":2},{"end":141,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":82,"token_end":27,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["We","know","that","Earth","'s","gravity","pulls","everything","towards","it",",","including","the","Moon",",","but","somehow","it","stays","up",",","as","if","suspended","by","some","opposite","force","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But there is no other force countering gravity.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","is","no","other","force","countering","gravity","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Instead, the trick to staying up is a sideways motion that we call an orbit.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Instead",",","the","trick","to","staying","up","is","a","sideways","motion","that","we","call","an","orbit","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You see orbits every day.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","see","orbits","every","day","."],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"When you throw a ball, it makes a tiny little orbit.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["When","you","throw","a","ball",",","it","makes","a","tiny","little","orbit","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The only difference between the ball's orbit and the Moon's is that the ball eventually hits the ground.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":102,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","only","difference","between","the","ball","'s","orbit","and","the","Moon","'s","is","that","the","ball","eventually","hits","the","ground","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Basically, the reason is speed.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Basically",",","the","reason","is","speed","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"If you could throw your ball fast enough, it would bend around the world and come back to you.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","you","could","throw","your","ball","fast","enough",",","it","would","bend","around","the","world","and","come","back","to","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If there were no air slowing it down, it could orbit forever.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","there","were","no","air","slowing","it","down",",","it","could","orbit","forever","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,0]}
{"text":"And this is what the Moon does, falling sideways around Earth very fast with no air slowing it down, orbiting Earth every 27 days at 3,600 km an hour.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":149,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":30,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","this","is","what","the","Moon","does",",","falling","sideways","around","Earth","very","fast","with","no","air","slowing","it","down",",","orbiting","Earth","every","27","days","at","3,600","km","an","hour","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So, how do we crash it into Earth?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So",",","how","do","we","crash","it","into","Earth","?"],"tags":[0,0,13,15,1,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, to change an object's orbit, you need to change its speed, which changes where gravity takes it.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","to","change","an","object","'s","orbit",",","you","need","to","change","its","speed",",","which","changes","where","gravity","takes","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But even small changes require enormous forces, which is why all the large objects in the Solar System are so stable nowadays.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","even","small","changes","require","enormous","forces",",","which","is","why","all","the","large","objects","in","the","Solar","System","are","so","stable","nowadays","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"According to science, the Moon is big and very massive.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["According","to","science",",","the","Moon","is","big","and","very","massive","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Even igniting billions of rocket engines all over its surface would barely move the Moon.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":75,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Even","igniting","billions","of","rocket","engines","all","over","its","surface","would","barely","move","the","Moon","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"It looks like nothing short of magic will make the Moon fall, so we'll use a magic spell that slows down the Moon so much that it changes its orbit and spirals towards Earth.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":173,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":35,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["It","looks","like","nothing","short","of","magic","will","make","the","Moon","fall",",","so","we","'ll","use","a","magic","spell","that","slows","down","the","Moon","so","much","that","it","changes","its","orbit","and","spirals","towards","Earth","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To get the most from the experience, the Moon will take exactly one year before it hits Earth.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["To","get","the","most","from","the","experience",",","the","Moon","will","take","exactly","one","year","before","it","hits","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For the first few days, nothing really changes.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","the","first","few","days",",","nothing","really","changes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,25,0]}
{"text":"The Moon gets a tiny bit brighter, and scientists get confused, but the rest of us don't notice anything different.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","Moon","gets","a","tiny","bit","brighter",",","and","scientists","get","confused",",","but","the","rest","of","us","do","n't","notice","anything","different","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The only noticeable real effect of the Moon on the Earth are the tides.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","only","noticeable","real","effect","of","the","Moon","on","the","Earth","are","the","tides","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Tides exist because while Earth pulls on the Moon, the Moon's gravity pulls back on the Earth.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Tides","exist","because","while","Earth","pulls","on","the","Moon",",","the","Moon","'s","gravity","pulls","back","on","the","Earth","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Since the strength of gravity gets weaker with distance, different parts of the Earth feel a slightly different pull,","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":86,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":115,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Since","the","strength","of","gravity","gets","weaker","with","distance",",","different","parts","of","the","Earth","feel","a","slightly","different","pull",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As Earth rotates every day underneath the Moon, the Moon's influence fluctuates, causing the water level of the oceans to rise and fall by about half a meter twice a day.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":168,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":33,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["As","Earth","rotates","every","day","underneath","the","Moon",",","the","Moon","'s","influence","fluctuates",",","causing","the","water","level","of","the","oceans","to","rise","and","fall","by","about","half","a","meter","twice","a","day","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,25,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But with the Moon drawing ever closer, high tide gets higher every day.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","with","the","Moon","drawing","ever","closer",",","high","tide","gets","higher","every","day","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,13,14,0]}
{"text":"At first barely noticeable, within a month the Moon has covered half the distance to the Earth, and ocean tides have grown to 4 meters.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":17,"token_start":12},{"end":134,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":100,"token_end":26,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["At","first","barely","noticeable",",","within","a","month","the","Moon","has","covered","half","the","distance","to","the","Earth",",","and","ocean","tides","have","grown","to","4","meters","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,1,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Every day high tide comes and waves flood coastal cities.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Every","day","high","tide","comes","and","waves","flood","coastal","cities","."],"tags":[13,14,1,2,25,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And there's no end in sight.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","'s","no","end","in","sight","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"With the Moon drawing ever closer, tides rise ever higher, inundating another city and more inhabited land with salty water every day.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["With","the","Moon","drawing","ever","closer",",","tides","rise","ever","higher",",","inundating","another","city","and","more","inhabited","land","with","salty","water","every","day","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"By the end of month 2, the Moon has covered two-thirds of the distance to Earth,","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["By","the","end","of","month","2",",","the","Moon","has","covered","two","-","thirds","of","the","distance","to","Earth",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"and global infrastructure is crumbling as tides rise above 10 meters, displacing up to a billion people who happen to live near the coastlines.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":142,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":24,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["and","global","infrastructure","is","crumbling","as","tides","rise","above","10","meters",",","displacing","up","to","a","billion","people","who","happen","to","live","near","the","coastlines","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As ports become inoperable, shipping grinds to a halt.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["As","ports","become","inoperable",",","shipping","grinds","to","a","halt","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Not only will it slow down the delivery of kurzgesagt products, but also less exciting things like food.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Not","only","will","it","slow","down","the","delivery","of","kurzgesagt","products",",","but","also","less","exciting","things","like","food","."],"tags":[0,0,15,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Global communications fall into disarray.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Global","communications","fall","into","disarray","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"95% of the Internet is carried by ocean-crossing cables, and while these largely don't mind the water, their terminals on land do.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":129,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":27,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["95","%","of","the","Internet","is","carried","by","ocean","-","crossing","cables",",","and","while","these","largely","do","n't","mind","the","water",",","their","terminals","on","land","do","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Living inland doesn't guarantee safety either.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Living","inland","does","n't","guarantee","safety","either","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,5,13,0]}
{"text":"Tidal bores cause rivers to flow backwards, carrying salt water to contaminate surface and groundwater supplies.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Tidal","bores","cause","rivers","to","flow","backwards",",","carrying","salt","water","to","contaminate","surface","and","groundwater","supplies","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Gas shortages follow as oil refineries near the coast are abandoned.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Gas","shortages","follow","as","oil","refineries","near","the","coast","are","abandoned","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Countries are left with the supplies they had on their shelves, and strict rationing will begin.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Countries","are","left","with","the","supplies","they","had","on","their","shelves",",","and","strict","rationing","will","begin","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In the cities, chaos reigns during the scavenging hours of low tide, while survivors take refuge in high-rises when the water returns.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","the","cities",",","chaos","reigns","during","the","scavenging","hours","of","low","tide",",","while","survivors","take","refuge","in","high","-","rises","when","the","water","returns","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Three months in, and the Moon is close enough to disrupt communication and navigation satellites.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":96,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Three","months","in",",","and","the","Moon","is","close","enough","to","disrupt","communication","and","navigation","satellites","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While it's normally far too distant for its gravity to cause any major problems for our satellites, the closer it gets, the more warped their orbits become.","spans":[{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":22,"token_start":19},{"end":135,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":120,"token_end":26,"token_start":24},{"end":148,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":136,"token_end":28,"token_start":27},{"end":155,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":149,"token_end":29,"token_start":29}],"tokens":["While","it","'s","normally","far","too","distant","for","its","gravity","to","cause","any","major","problems","for","our","satellites",",","the","closer","it","gets",",","the","more","warped","their","orbits","become","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,1,2,21,0]}
{"text":"As their fuel for orbital corrections runs out, satellites careen out of control.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","their","fuel","for","orbital","corrections","runs","out",",","satellites","careen","out","of","control","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"On Earth, the tides are rapidly growing to about 30 meters, and will be reaching 100 meters in height in a few short weeks.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["On","Earth",",","the","tides","are","rapidly","growing","to","about","30","meters",",","and","will","be","reaching","100","meters","in","height","in","a","few","short","weeks","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,13,27,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"At low tide, the ocean recedes hundreds of kilometers, exposing the continental shelf like vast desert,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["At","low","tide",",","the","ocean","recedes","hundreds","of","kilometers",",","exposing","the","continental","shelf","like","vast","desert",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,25,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"while at high tide, walls of water drown agriculture, houses, and skyscrapers.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["while","at","high","tide",",","walls","of","water","drown","agriculture",",","houses",",","and","skyscrapers","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And now, almost five months in, the apocalypse has finished its warm-up act.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","now",",","almost","five","months","in",",","the","apocalypse","has","finished","its","warm","-","up","act","."],"tags":[0,13,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Since the oceans are on average only 3 kilometers deep, the tides have reached their maximum.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Since","the","oceans","are","on","average","only","3","kilometers","deep",",","the","tides","have","reached","their","maximum","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Up until now, the water in the oceans could flow, absorbing most of the Moon's gravitational squeezing,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Up","until","now",",","the","water","in","the","oceans","could","flow",",","absorbing","most","of","the","Moon","'s","gravitational","squeezing",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"but now the Earth itself is really feeling the squeeze of the ever-approaching Moon.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["but","now","the","Earth","itself","is","really","feeling","the","squeeze","of","the","ever","-","approaching","Moon","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,2,15,13,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"These aren't so much tides of water, but tides of rock.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["These","are","n't","so","much","tides","of","water",",","but","tides","of","rock","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's impossible to say how serious these earthquakes might be or where they occur, but like a child jumping on their bed until it breaks, no good can come of it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":14,"token_start":3},{"end":160,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":87,"token_end":33,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["It","'s","impossible","to","say","how","serious","these","earthquakes","might","be","or","where","they","occur",",","but","like","a","child","jumping","on","their","bed","until","it","breaks",",","no","good","can","come","of","it","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Strong tidal forces lead to volcanism on other planets and moons.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Strong","tidal","forces","lead","to","volcanism","on","other","planets","and","moons","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"On Earth, squeezing the planet disrupts the magma reservoirs inside the crust, triggering sizable, climate-altering eruptions in Chile, New Zealand, Yellowstone, and elsewhere.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":174,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":30,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["On","Earth",",","squeezing","the","planet","disrupts","the","magma","reservoirs","inside","the","crust",",","triggering","sizable",",","climate","-","altering","eruptions","in","Chile",",","New","Zealand",",","Yellowstone",",","and","elsewhere","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Within 75,000 km of Earth, it is bright enough to illuminate the night sky like twilight.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Within","75,000","km","of","Earth",",","it","is","bright","enough","to","illuminate","the","night","sky","like","twilight","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"After half a year, the Moon is entering the space once occupied by geosynchronous satellites, where it orbits Earth every 24 hours.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":129,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["After","half","a","year",",","the","Moon","is","entering","the","space","once","occupied","by","geosynchronous","satellites",",","where","it","orbits","Earth","every","24","hours","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It appears to float at one spot in the sky, unmoving, cycling through a full set of phases every day, but only visible to half the planet.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":137,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":29,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","appears","to","float","at","one","spot","in","the","sky",",","unmoving",",","cycling","through","a","full","set","of","phases","every","day",",","but","only","visible","to","half","the","planet","."],"tags":[1,25,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"With the Moon stationary above the Earth, the tides seem to freeze in place.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["With","the","Moon","stationary","above","the","Earth",",","the","tides","seem","to","freeze","in","place","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,17,18,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Half the world flooded, half with its water seemingly returned to the sea, as if Earth is holding its breath to prepare for the worst.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Half","the","world","flooded",",","half","with","its","water","seemingly","returned","to","the","sea",",","as","if","Earth","is","holding","its","breath","to","prepare","for","the","worst","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"As the Moon sinks further, you might wonder if its gravity would overpower Earth's, pulling you up and ending your misery.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":121,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["As","the","Moon","sinks","further",",","you","might","wonder","if","its","gravity","would","overpower","Earth","'s",",","pulling","you","up","and","ending","your","misery","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The Earth's surface gravity is about six times stronger than the Moon's, so even if the Moon were hovering right on top of you, you would still stay on the ground.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":162,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":34,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","Earth","'s","surface","gravity","is","about","six","times","stronger","than","the","Moon","'s",",","so","even","if","the","Moon","were","hovering","right","on","top","of","you",",","you","would","still","stay","on","the","ground","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"On the Moon, things are different though.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","the","Moon",",","things","are","different","though","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,13,0]}
{"text":"it starts to stretch forward towards the Earth into something of an egg, triggering deep moonquakes as the lunar rock flexes and changes shape.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":142,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["it","starts","to","stretch","forward","towards","the","Earth","into","something","of","an","egg",",","triggering","deep","moonquakes","as","the","lunar","rock","flexes","and","changes","shape","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Though barely noticeable now, this squish will grow to hundreds of kilometers in a matter of months.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Though","barely","noticeable","now",",","this","squish","will","grow","to","hundreds","of","kilometers","in","a","matter","of","months","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At this point, the apocalypse has arrived, and we can summarize the months before the crash as everybody left has a really bad time.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":25,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["At","this","point",",","the","apocalypse","has","arrived",",","and","we","can","summarize","the","months","before","the","crash","as","everybody","left","has","a","really","bad","time","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The tides sweeping over the Earth slow down and then reverse their direction because the Moon now orbits Earth faster than it rotates.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":133,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","tides","sweeping","over","the","Earth","slow","down","and","then","reverse","their","direction","because","the","Moon","now","orbits","Earth","faster","than","it","rotates","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,29,30,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The planet will experience an abundance of earthquakes and volcanism.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","planet","will","experience","an","abundance","of","earthquakes","and","volcanism","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Massive amounts of volcanic aerosols rise high into the stratosphere, shiny enough to reflect sunlight back into space.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Massive","amounts","of","volcanic","aerosols","rise","high","into","the","stratosphere",",","shiny","enough","to","reflect","sunlight","back","into","space","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What little light gets through is rust red and is periodically diminished by daily eclipses.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["What","little","light","gets","through","is","rust","red","and","is","periodically","diminished","by","daily","eclipses","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The result is a rapid global cooling with acid rains and summer snows killing even the hardiest plants.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","result","is","a","rapid","global","cooling","with","acid","rains","and","summer","snows","killing","even","the","hardiest","plants","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The clock runs out on civilization.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","clock","runs","out","on","civilization","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,32,5,0]}
{"text":"Billions have perished while an X-shaped Moon is still drawing closer.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Billions","have","perished","while","an","X","-","shaped","Moon","is","still","drawing","closer","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's get ready for the grand finale.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","get","ready","for","the","grand","finale","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Finally, at the end of the year, the Moon has reached the Roche limit.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Finally",",","at","the","end","of","the","year",",","the","Moon","has","reached","the","Roche","limit","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That's the point where Earth's gravitational pull on the Moon is stronger than the Moon's own gravity.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","the","point","where","Earth","'s","gravitational","pull","on","the","Moon","is","stronger","than","the","Moon","'s","own","gravity","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Things on the lunar surface start falling towards Earth, and by the time it crosses 10,000 kilometers,","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Things","on","the","lunar","surface","start","falling","towards","Earth",",","and","by","the","time","it","crosses","10,000","kilometers",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"the entire Moon disintegrates into rubble, smearing itself into a massive ring system around the Earth.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["the","entire","Moon","disintegrates","into","rubble",",","smearing","itself","into","a","massive","ring","system","around","the","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Fortunately, the Moon's disintegration means the misery on Earth has ended.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Fortunately",",","the","Moon","'s","disintegration","means","the","misery","on","Earth","has","ended","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"No Moon means the general apocalyptic nature of things comes to a halt.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["No","Moon","means","the","general","apocalyptic","nature","of","things","comes","to","a","halt","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The oceans recede, flowing off the land one last time.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","oceans","recede",",","flowing","off","the","land","one","last","time","."],"tags":[1,2,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Any survivors are treated to a view of tremendous arches spanning the sky,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Any","survivors","are","treated","to","a","view","of","tremendous","arches","spanning","the","sky",","],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's hard to say what happens next, but the tranquility may be short-lived.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","'s","hard","to","say","what","happens","next",",","but","the","tranquility","may","be","short","-","lived","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If too much Moon dust rains down, friction heats the atmosphere, possibly boiling the oceans.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","too","much","Moon","dust","rains","down",",","friction","heats","the","atmosphere",",","possibly","boiling","the","oceans","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If not, the enormous shadows cast by the rings, combined with all the volcanic and meteoric aerosols, block even more sunlight,","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":100,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":18,"token_start":3},{"end":107,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":102,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":126,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":108,"token_end":23,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","not",",","the","enormous","shadows","cast","by","the","rings",",","combined","with","all","the","volcanic","and","meteoric","aerosols",",","block","even","more","sunlight",","],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"and a period of runaway cooling could begin that freezes much of Earth's surface solid.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["and","a","period","of","runaway","cooling","could","begin","that","freezes","much","of","Earth","'s","surface","solid","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In any case, at some point, people will emerge again, from submarines or bunkers or mountaintops.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","any","case",",","at","some","point",",","people","will","emerge","again",",","from","submarines","or","bunkers","or","mountaintops","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They will not have a great time before rebuilding civilization, and their success is not guaranteed, but at least they'll be trying to do so with beautiful rings in the sky.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":172,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":105,"token_end":33,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["They","will","not","have","a","great","time","before","rebuilding","civilization",",","and","their","success","is","not","guaranteed",",","but","at","least","they","'ll","be","trying","to","do","so","with","beautiful","rings","in","the","sky","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, how do you calculate that sort of thing?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So",",","how","do","you","calculate","that","sort","of","thing","?"],"tags":[0,0,13,15,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"If you need to brush up on the latter, our friends from Brilliant are the perfect coaches to turn your curiosity into practical skills.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":133,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":24,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","you","need","to","brush","up","on","the","latter",",","our","friends","from","Brilliant","are","the","perfect","coaches","to","turn","your","curiosity","into","practical","skills","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"This way, you learn something almost without you noticing it.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","way",",","you","learn","something","almost","without","you","noticing","it","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And tiny step by step, you'll build up your long-term understanding of science and get closer to your STEM goals.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":16,"token_start":10},{"end":112,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":83,"token_end":23,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["And","tiny","step","by","step",",","you","'ll","build","up","your","long","-","term","understanding","of","science","and","get","closer","to","your","STEM","goals","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To start looking at the world of science from a different perspective, go to brilliant.org\/nutshell and sign up for free.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":104,"token_end":20,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["To","start","looking","at","the","world","of","science","from","a","different","perspective",",","go","to","brilliant.org\/nutshell","and","sign","up","for","free","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And there's an extra perk for Kurzgesagt viewers.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","'s","an","extra","perk","for","Kurzgesagt","viewers","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The first 200 people to use the link get 20% off their annual membership, which unlocks all of Brilliant's courses in maths, science, and computer science.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":153,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":30,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","first","200","people","to","use","the","link","get","20","%","off","their","annual","membership",",","which","unlocks","all","of","Brilliant","'s","courses","in","maths",",","science",",","and","computer","science","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"At Kurzgesagt, we love to create things that seem impossible at first.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["At","Kurzgesagt",",","we","love","to","create","things","that","seem","impossible","at","first","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Brilliant can help you acquire the skills to do that.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Brilliant","can","help","you","acquire","the","skills","to","do","that","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This year, we'll release three very special limited edition pins.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","year",",","we","'ll","release","three","very","special","limited","edition","pins","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The first one is this very shiny Mooncrash pin set.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","first","one","is","this","very","shiny","Mooncrash","pin","set","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Pre-order is available for only 72 hours, so you can order it now and then, never again.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Pre","-","order","is","available","for","only","72","hours",",","so","you","can","order","it","now","and","then",",","never","again","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Be sure to watch out for pin number two and three to complete your 12,022 collection.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":15,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Be","sure","to","watch","out","for","pin","number","two","and","three","to","complete","your","12,022","collection","."],"tags":[21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The night sky seems peaceful and orderly.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","night","sky","seems","peaceful","and","orderly","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But in reality, stars are careening through the galaxy at speeds of hundreds of thousands of kilometers per hour.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","in","reality",",","stars","are","careening","through","the","galaxy","at","speeds","of","hundreds","of","thousands","of","kilometers","per","hour","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,15,27,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Fortunately, space is big, and so the stars of the Milky Way are very unlikely to hit us.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Fortunately",",","space","is","big",",","and","so","the","stars","of","the","Milky","Way","are","very","unlikely","to","hit","us","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, they don't have to hit anything to make us have a really bad time on Earth.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","they","do","n't","have","to","hit","anything","to","make","us","have","a","really","bad","time","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,37,17,18,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And there are already stars starting to get very close.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","there","are","already","stars","starting","to","get","very","close","."],"tags":[0,3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"To understand how dangerous stars are to us, we need to talk about gravity.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","understand","how","dangerous","stars","are","to","us",",","we","need","to","talk","about","gravity","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Gravity attracts every piece of matter to every other piece of matter in the universe.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Gravity","attracts","every","piece","of","matter","to","every","other","piece","of","matter","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You are attracted by an atom a million light years away and vice versa.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","are","attracted","by","an","atom","a","million","light","years","away","and","vice","versa","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Luckily, this force gets weaker over distance, and it also depends on how massive something is.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Luckily",",","this","force","gets","weaker","over","distance",",","and","it","also","depends","on","how","massive","something","is","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So things that are close and are very massive are more attractive, winning the cosmic tug of war.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","things","that","are","close","and","are","very","massive","are","more","attractive",",","winning","the","cosmic","tug","of","war","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This way, massive things define how smaller things behave around them.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","way",",","massive","things","define","how","smaller","things","behave","around","them","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The Sun makes up 99.75% of all the mass in the solar system, and so it shapes the behavior and orbits of everything else in it.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":13,"token_start":4},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":27,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["The","Sun","makes","up","99.75","%","of","all","the","mass","in","the","solar","system",",","and","so","it","shapes","the","behavior","and","orbits","of","everything","else","in","it","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Billions of years ago, after the Sun was born, the solar system was a chaotic and dangerous place,","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":96,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Billions","of","years","ago",",","after","the","Sun","was","born",",","the","solar","system","was","a","chaotic","and","dangerous","place",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"as the planets were formed from countless little pieces that collided constantly.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["as","the","planets","were","formed","from","countless","little","pieces","that","collided","constantly","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But over the eons, a stable balance emerged.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","over","the","eons",",","a","stable","balance","emerged","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,0]}
{"text":"Today, most planets and asteroids have settled into safe and predictable orbits.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Today",",","most","planets","and","asteroids","have","settled","into","safe","and","predictable","orbits","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We have the inner and outer planets, the asteroid and Kuiper belt, and at the edge, the Oort cloud, a giant sphere of comets orbiting slowly in cold storage.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":155,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":32,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","the","inner","and","outer","planets",",","the","asteroid","and","Kuiper","belt",",","and","at","the","edge",",","the","Oort","cloud",",","a","giant","sphere","of","comets","orbiting","slowly","in","cold","storage","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We really don't want this balance to be disturbed.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","really","do","n't","want","this","balance","to","be","disturbed","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,19,5,6,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"If another star came too close to us, its gravity would pull on everything in the solar system like a spoiled toddler,","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":18,"token_start":14},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":22,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","another","star","came","too","close","to","us",",","its","gravity","would","pull","on","everything","in","the","solar","system","like","a","spoiled","toddler",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This isn't some imaginary danger.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","n't","some","imaginary","danger","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Some 70,000 years ago, a red dwarf-brown dwarf binary system passed through the Oort cloud and messed things up.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":17,"token_start":14},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":95,"token_end":21,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Some","70,000","years","ago",",","a","red","dwarf","-","brown","dwarf","binary","system","passed","through","the","Oort","cloud","and","messed","things","up","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It might even have sent a deadly onslaught of asteroids our way.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","might","even","have","sent","a","deadly","onslaught","of","asteroids","our","way","."],"tags":[1,15,13,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But it could take 2 million years until those visitors from the Oort cloud arrive in the inner solar system.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","it","could","take","2","million","years","until","those","visitors","from","the","Oort","cloud","arrive","in","the","inner","solar","system","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But there's a much bigger problem on the horizon.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","'s","a","much","bigger","problem","on","the","horizon","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"A close flyby like this would unfold over hundreds of thousands of years, disrupting the orbits of millions of objects in the Oort cloud considerably.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":148,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["A","close","flyby","like","this","would","unfold","over","hundreds","of","thousands","of","years",",","disrupting","the","orbits","of","millions","of","objects","in","the","Oort","cloud","considerably","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If we're unlucky, it will trigger a new period of planetary bombardment similar to the early solar system.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","we","'re","unlucky",",","it","will","trigger","a","new","period","of","planetary","bombardment","similar","to","the","early","solar","system","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The night sky could be filled with comets and asteroids raining down on the inner solar system.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","night","sky","could","be","filled","with","comets","and","asteroids","raining","down","on","the","inner","solar","system","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The larger ones could cause dinosaur-level mass extinctions and would be bad for the stock market.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","larger","ones","could","cause","dinosaur","-","level","mass","extinctions","and","would","be","bad","for","the","stock","market","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But it could get much worse.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","could","get","much","worse","."],"tags":[0,1,15,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The galaxy is an intense place, and stars get close to each other regularly.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","galaxy","is","an","intense","place",",","and","stars","get","close","to","each","other","regularly","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So it is possible that a star could come much closer and not just pass us, but fly directly through the inner solar system.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":122,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":24,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","it","is","possible","that","a","star","could","come","much","closer","and","not","just","pass","us",",","but","fly","directly","through","the","inner","solar","system","."],"tags":[0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This would be very bad in the extreme.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","would","be","very","bad","in","the","extreme","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The chance of another star colliding with the Sun is astronomically unlikely, but that isn't what we're worried about.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":117,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":82,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","chance","of","another","star","colliding","with","the","Sun","is","astronomically","unlikely",",","but","that","is","n't","what","we","'re","worried","about","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If another star were to pass by about as close as the Earth is from the Sun, it could easily eject the Earth from the solar system.","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":97,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":93,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":23,"token_start":22},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":27,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["If","another","star","were","to","pass","by","about","as","close","as","the","Earth","is","from","the","Sun",",","it","could","easily","eject","the","Earth","from","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The odds of such an event are estimated to be around 1 in 100,000 in the next 5 billion years.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":93,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","odds","of","such","an","event","are","estimated","to","be","around","1","in","100,000","in","the","next","5","billion","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"As we discussed in another video, there seem to be billions of rogue planets doing their own thing in the galaxy, and this is one way to make them.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":112,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":21,"token_start":11},{"end":146,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":118,"token_end":30,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["As","we","discussed","in","another","video",",","there","seem","to","be","billions","of","rogue","planets","doing","their","own","thing","in","the","galaxy",",","and","this","is","one","way","to","make","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,17,18,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So if this were to happen with an average red dwarf, what would happen on Earth?","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["So","if","this","were","to","happen","with","an","average","red","dwarf",",","what","would","happen","on","Earth","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"As the star enters the solar system, a small orangish dot appears in the sky that grows bigger and bigger for months, eventually becoming visible during the day.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","the","star","enters","the","solar","system",",","a","small","orangish","dot","appears","in","the","sky","that","grows","bigger","and","bigger","for","months",",","eventually","becoming","visible","during","the","day","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It would get bigger and much brighter than the Moon.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","would","get","bigger","and","much","brighter","than","the","Moon","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The night sky would be filled with an eerie red glow.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","night","sky","would","be","filled","with","an","eerie","red","glow","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After a few months, it would start shrinking again.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["After","a","few","months",",","it","would","start","shrinking","again","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Over a few years, the Sun slowly grows smaller in the sky, and with it warmth and light start to dissipate.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Over","a","few","years",",","the","Sun","slowly","grows","smaller","in","the","sky",",","and","with","it","warmth","and","light","start","to","dissipate","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,13,21,11,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"All around the world, as the days turn dark, the final winter of humanity would begin.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":80,"token_end":17,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["All","around","the","world",",","as","the","days","turn","dark",",","the","final","winter","of","humanity","would","begin","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"The polar ice caps begin to grow and spread, while plants shrivel and die.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","polar","ice","caps","begin","to","grow","and","spread",",","while","plants","shrivel","and","die","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Forests freeze, and animals die in droves.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Forests","freeze",",","and","animals","die","in","droves","."],"tags":[1,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As the Earth passes the orbit of Mars, the average surface temperature has plummeted to near minus 50 degrees Celsius.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["As","the","Earth","passes","the","orbit","of","Mars",",","the","average","surface","temperature","has","plummeted","to","near","minus","50","degrees","Celsius","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"From space, Earth begins to look like an icy moon, the blue-green surface becoming the pale grey-white of death.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["From","space",",","Earth","begins","to","look","like","an","icy","moon",",","the","blue","-","green","surface","becoming","the","pale","grey","-","white","of","death","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"As global infrastructure breaks down, people huddle together indoors, burning what they can for warmth,","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","global","infrastructure","breaks","down",",","people","huddle","together","indoors",",","burning","what","they","can","for","warmth",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"as the temperature continues to drop, counting the days until they'll be out of food which no longer grows.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["as","the","temperature","continues","to","drop",",","counting","the","days","until","they","'ll","be","out","of","food","which","no","longer","grows","."],"tags":[0,1,2,25,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Everybody living at the surface is living on borrowed time.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Everybody","living","at","the","surface","is","living","on","borrowed","time","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,27,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"By the time Earth reaches Jupiter's orbit, surface temperatures sink to minus 150 degrees Celsius, lower than the coldest ever recorded temperatures in Antarctica.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":161,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":26,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["By","the","time","Earth","reaches","Jupiter","'s","orbit",",","surface","temperatures","sink","to","minus","150","degrees","Celsius",",","lower","than","the","coldest","ever","recorded","temperatures","in","Antarctica","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Needless to say, by now, almost everyone is dead.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Needless","to","say",",","by","now",",","almost","everyone","is","dead","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,0,1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Without the energy from sunlight to evaporate water, clouds don't form, and the water cycle stops.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":76,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Without","the","energy","from","sunlight","to","evaporate","water",",","clouds","do","n't","form",",","and","the","water","cycle","stops","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The polar ice caps eventually touch at the equator, and the oceans become covered in a thick layer of ice.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","polar","ice","caps","eventually","touch","at","the","equator",",","and","the","oceans","become","covered","in","a","thick","layer","of","ice","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,13,19,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As more and more of its heat leaks out, more water freezes onto the bottom of the ice sheet,","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","more","and","more","of","its","heat","leaks","out",",","more","water","freezes","onto","the","bottom","of","the","ice","sheet",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"the concentration of salt in the deep ocean grows, poisoning most animals that survived here.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["the","concentration","of","salt","in","the","deep","ocean","grows",",","poisoning","most","animals","that","survived","here","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Although around hydrothermal vents, communities of extremophiles might adapt even to these circumstances.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":71,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Although","around","hydrothermal","vents",",","communities","of","extremophiles","might","adapt","even","to","these","circumstances","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,13,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Deep below the surface, some bacteria would not notice much of any of this, as they're still kept warm by the radioactive decay of elements in the Earth's core.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":158,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":32,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Deep","below","the","surface",",","some","bacteria","would","not","notice","much","of","any","of","this",",","as","they","'re","still","kept","warm","by","the","radioactive","decay","of","elements","in","the","Earth","'s","core","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As the Earth reaches the orbit of Pluto and the Kuiper Belt, the Sun is still the brightest star in the sky, but it's one among many, with stars now visible during the day.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":71,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":107,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":22,"token_start":17},{"end":171,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":113,"token_end":37,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["As","the","Earth","reaches","the","orbit","of","Pluto","and","the","Kuiper","Belt",",","the","Sun","is","still","the","brightest","star","in","the","sky",",","but","it","'s","one","among","many",",","with","stars","now","visible","during","the","day","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The temperature is now barely 40 degrees Celsius above absolute zero, below the freezing temperature of the gases in the atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":131,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","temperature","is","now","barely","40","degrees","Celsius","above","absolute","zero",",","below","the","freezing","temperature","of","the","gases","in","the","atmosphere","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A weird spectacle, enjoyed by no one unfortunately, unfolds as the atmosphere turns into nitrogen and then oxygen snow.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["A","weird","spectacle",",","enjoyed","by","no","one","unfortunately",",","unfolds","as","the","atmosphere","turns","into","nitrogen","and","then","oxygen","snow","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Over a few years, it's deposited into an icy 10 meter thick sheet all over the planet's surface, with only a thin whisper of gas remaining.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":14,"token_start":8},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":20,"token_start":15},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":29,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Over","a","few","years",",","it","'s","deposited","into","an","icy","10","meter","thick","sheet","all","over","the","planet","'s","surface",",","with","only","a","thin","whisper","of","gas","remaining","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The frozen corpuses of flora and fauna are buried beneath them.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","frozen","corpuses","of","flora","and","fauna","are","buried","beneath","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"As Earth leaves the solar system, it becomes a rogue planet, traveling alone through the dark, lifeless and in solitude.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","Earth","leaves","the","solar","system",",","it","becomes","a","rogue","planet",",","traveling","alone","through","the","dark",",","lifeless","and","in","solitude","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But weirdly enough, there is hope.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","weirdly","enough",",","there","is","hope","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,3,21,1,0]}
{"text":"Humanity would not be surprised by this potential extinction event.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Humanity","would","not","be","surprised","by","this","potential","extinction","event","."],"tags":[1,15,37,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"There's not a lot we could do to stop a star, but we could prepare.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["There","'s","not","a","lot","we","could","do","to","stop","a","star",",","but","we","could","prepare","."],"tags":[3,21,37,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Most of us would perish, but a few million could survive in huge artificial complexes, powered by geothermal and nuclear energy,","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Most","of","us","would","perish",",","but","a","few","million","could","survive","in","huge","artificial","complexes",",","powered","by","geothermal","and","nuclear","energy",","],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Here, humanity might survive for hundreds of thousands of years.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Here",",","humanity","might","survive","for","hundreds","of","thousands","of","years","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At some point, we would become used to our circumstances, and new generations would watch documentaries in disbelief about the time we had our own star, and could walk the surface of Earth.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":188,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":35,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["At","some","point",",","we","would","become","used","to","our","circumstances",",","and","new","generations","would","watch","documentaries","in","disbelief","about","the","time","we","had","our","own","star",",","and","could","walk","the","surface","of","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And at some point, we might decide to look for another home.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","at","some","point",",","we","might","decide","to","look","for","another","home","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If the Earth were lucky enough to pass by another star with a habitable planet, we could try to make a fresh start.","spans":[{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":83,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":89,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":114,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":23,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","the","Earth","were","lucky","enough","to","pass","by","another","star","with","a","habitable","planet",",","we","could","try","to","make","a","fresh","start","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Spaceflight, oddly enough, would become very easy without the atmosphere in the way.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Spaceflight",",","oddly","enough",",","would","become","very","easy","without","the","atmosphere","in","the","way","."],"tags":[1,0,13,14,0,15,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So it's not unthinkable that the last survivors would leave Earth behind and try again on a new planet, around a new star.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":121,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":24,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","it","'s","not","unthinkable","that","the","last","survivors","would","leave","Earth","behind","and","try","again","on","a","new","planet",",","around","a","new","star","."],"tags":[0,3,21,37,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Maybe one day, thousands of years later, the descendants of humanity will tell legends about Earth's ancient past.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Maybe","one","day",",","thousands","of","years","later",",","the","descendants","of","humanity","will","tell","legends","about","Earth","'s","ancient","past","."],"tags":[13,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So, basically, the key to humanity's survival is learning about what we'll be dealing with.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":90,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So",",","basically",",","the","key","to","humanity","'s","survival","is","learning","about","what","we","'ll","be","dealing","with","."],"tags":[0,0,13,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Well, we'd better get cracking then.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Well",",","we","'d","better","get","cracking","then","."],"tags":[0,0,1,17,18,19,5,13,0]}
{"text":"Our friends from Brilliant are the perfect coaches on the way to becoming more science-savvy.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Our","friends","from","Brilliant","are","the","perfect","coaches","on","the","way","to","becoming","more","science","-","savvy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"More than 60 interactive courses give you the tools to crack problems in maths, logic and engineering all by yourself.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":116,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["More","than","60","interactive","courses","give","you","the","tools","to","crack","problems","in","maths",",","logic","and","engineering","all","by","yourself","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"Instead of a classic lecture format, Brilliant uses storytelling, code-writing and hands-on problems to keep you entertained and engaged.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":18,"token_start":9},{"end":136,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":24,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Instead","of","a","classic","lecture","format",",","Brilliant","uses","storytelling",",","code","-","writing","and","hands","-","on","problems","to","keep","you","entertained","and","engaged","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This way, a small daily challenge can build up to real long-term understanding of science and achieving your STEM goals.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["This","way",",","a","small","daily","challenge","can","build","up","to","real","long","-","term","understanding","of","science","and","achieving","your","STEM","goals","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, Brilliant surprises you and keeps you on your toes, all while sneaking some knowledge into your head without your really noticing.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":25,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","Brilliant","surprises","you","and","keeps","you","on","your","toes",",","all","while","sneaking","some","knowledge","into","your","head","without","your","really","noticing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To get a fresh perspective on science, go to brilliant.org\/nutshell and sign up for free.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["To","get","a","fresh","perspective","on","science",",","go","to","brilliant.org\/nutshell","and","sign","up","for","free","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And there's an extra perk for Kurzgesagt viewers.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","'s","an","extra","perk","for","Kurzgesagt","viewers","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The first 200 people to use the link get 20% off their annual membership, which lets you view all the daily problems in the archives and unlock every course.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":155,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":30,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","first","200","people","to","use","the","link","get","20","%","off","their","annual","membership",",","which","lets","you","view","all","the","daily","problems","in","the","archives","and","unlock","every","course","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Brilliant helps you end your day a little smarter.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Brilliant","helps","you","end","your","day","a","little","smarter","."],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Many of our viewers have asked us a very serious question.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Many","of","our","viewers","have","asked","us","a","very","serious","question","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,9,7,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"Strangely enough, we couldn't find a good source to answer this question to our satisfaction.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Strangely","enough",",","we","could","n't","find","a","good","source","to","answer","this","question","to","our","satisfaction","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So, we gathered together a few scientists to calculate what would happen and find an answer to this extremely important scientific problem once and for all.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":26,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So",",","we","gathered","together","a","few","scientists","to","calculate","what","would","happen","and","find","an","answer","to","this","extremely","important","scientific","problem","once","and","for","all","."],"tags":[0,0,1,23,13,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Currently, there are 15,000 nuclear weapons on Earth.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Currently",",","there","are","15,000","nuclear","weapons","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,1,2,2,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The US and Russia both have around 7,000, while France, China, the UK, Pakistan, India, Israel and North Korea own around 1,000 between them.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":139,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":29,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","US","and","Russia","both","have","around","7,000",",","while","France",",","China",",","the","UK",",","Pakistan",",","India",",","Israel","and","North","Korea","own","around","1,000","between","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But how much destructive power is this really?","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","how","much","destructive","power","is","this","really","?"],"tags":[0,11,12,12,12,21,1,13,0]}
{"text":"Let's try to put these numbers into perspective.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","try","to","put","these","numbers","into","perspective","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"On Earth, there are about 4,500 cities or urban areas with at least 100,000 inhabitants.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["On","Earth",",","there","are","about","4,500","cities","or","urban","areas","with","at","least","100,000","inhabitants","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Some are bigger than others, so we'll assume that on average we need three nuclear bombs to completely wipe out one city.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Some","are","bigger","than","others",",","so","we","'ll","assume","that","on","average","we","need","three","nuclear","bombs","to","completely","wipe","out","one","city","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This means we could destroy every single city on planet Earth with our nuclear arsenal, killing more than 3 billion people, roughly half of humanity, in an instant.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":163,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":30,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","we","could","destroy","every","single","city","on","planet","Earth","with","our","nuclear","arsenal",",","killing","more","than","3","billion","people",",","roughly","half","of","humanity",",","in","an","instant","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And we'd still have 1,500 nuclear weapons left.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","we","'d","still","have","1,500","nuclear","weapons","left","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Now that's what an expert would call overkill.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Now","that","'s","what","an","expert","would","call","overkill","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So we can say with confidence that we have a lot of nuclear weapons and they can do a lot of damage.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":21,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","we","can","say","with","confidence","that","we","have","a","lot","of","nuclear","weapons","and","they","can","do","a","lot","of","damage","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,13,14,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's drop our nuclear pile in the middle of the Amazon rainforest, just to show nature who's boss.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Let","'s","drop","our","nuclear","pile","in","the","middle","of","the","Amazon","rainforest",",","just","to","show","nature","who","'s","boss","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our warheads, piled haphazardly, fit into a small warehouse.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Our","warheads",",","piled","haphazardly",",","fit","into","a","small","warehouse","."],"tags":[1,2,0,13,14,0,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A typical US warhead has the power of 200,000 tons of TNT.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","typical","US","warhead","has","the","power","of","200,000","tons","of","TNT","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So 15,000 warheads would be the equivalent of 3 billion tons of TNT.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","15,000","warheads","would","be","the","equivalent","of","3","billion","tons","of","TNT","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"For scale, this is enough to rebuild the whole island of Manhattan with every building and skyscraper using stacks of TNT.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":120,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["For","scale",",","this","is","enough","to","rebuild","the","whole","island","of","Manhattan","with","every","building","and","skyscraper","using","stacks","of","TNT","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The closest thing we can compare to the energy gathered here is a volcano.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","closest","thing","we","can","compare","to","the","energy","gathered","here","is","a","volcano","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"One of the deadliest volcanic eruptions in recorded history took place in 1883 on the island of Krakatoa.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["One","of","the","deadliest","volcanic","eruptions","in","recorded","history","took","place","in","1883","on","the","island","of","Krakatoa","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,29,30,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The eruption was so powerful that 70% of the island and the surrounding archipelago was destroyed, killing tens of thousands of people.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":133,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":23,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","eruption","was","so","powerful","that","70","%","of","the","island","and","the","surrounding","archipelago","was","destroyed",",","killing","tens","of","thousands","of","people","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Its effects were felt around the world for days after the event.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Its","effects","were","felt","around","the","world","for","days","after","the","event","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our nuclear pile contains 15 times the energy of the Krakatoa volcanic eruption.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Our","nuclear","pile","contains","15","times","the","energy","of","the","Krakatoa","volcanic","eruption","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So let's finally push the button.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","let","'s","finally","push","the","button","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"In a second, a fireball 50 kilometers across vaporizes everything in its way and creates a blast wave that flattens 3,000 square kilometers of forest.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":149,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":25,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["In","a","second",",","a","fireball","50","kilometers","across","vaporizes","everything","in","its","way","and","creates","a","blast","wave","that","flattens","3,000","square","kilometers","of","forest","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Every living thing within 250 kilometers will start to burn.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Every","living","thing","within","250","kilometers","will","start","to","burn","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The explosion will be heard literally around the world as the pressure wave circles the Earth tens of times over the next few weeks.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","explosion","will","be","heard","literally","around","the","world","as","the","pressure","wave","circles","the","Earth","tens","of","times","over","the","next","few","weeks","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,13,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Millions of tons of incinerated material are catapulted into the atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Millions","of","tons","of","incinerated","material","are","catapulted","into","the","atmosphere","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The mushroom cloud reaches the outer reaches of the stratosphere, pushing up against space itself.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","mushroom","cloud","reaches","the","outer","reaches","of","the","stratosphere",",","pushing","up","against","space","itself","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After things have calmed down, a small crater about 10 kilometers across is left in the center of the worst world fires the planet has seen in millennia,","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":151,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":28,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["After","things","have","calmed","down",",","a","small","crater","about","10","kilometers","across","is","left","in","the","center","of","the","worst","world","fires","the","planet","has","seen","in","millennia",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And now the unpleasant part begins.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","now","the","unpleasant","part","begins","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,2,25,0]}
{"text":"Extremely radioactive material will kill living things very quickly, and a large area several kilometers around the crater is now uninhabitable,","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":143,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Extremely","radioactive","material","will","kill","living","things","very","quickly",",","and","a","large","area","several","kilometers","around","the","crater","is","now","uninhabitable",","],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Much of the fallout is carried high into the atmosphere by the mushroom cloud and carried around the planet.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":82,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Much","of","the","fallout","is","carried","high","into","the","atmosphere","by","the","mushroom","cloud","and","carried","around","the","planet","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A portion of the particles will flow to the edge of space for years and cause a nuclear winter that could lower global temperatures by a few degrees for a few years.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":164,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":31,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["A","portion","of","the","particles","will","flow","to","the","edge","of","space","for","years","and","cause","a","nuclear","winter","that","could","lower","global","temperatures","by","a","few","degrees","for","a","few","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This explosion was pretty bad if you're in South America and especially Brazil.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","explosion","was","pretty","bad","if","you","'re","in","South","America","and","especially","Brazil","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The Amazon rainforest is pretty much history, which is not great, but human life will go on.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","Amazon","rainforest","is","pretty","much","history",",","which","is","not","great",",","but","human","life","will","go","on","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Let's suppose humanity decided to mine every bit of uranium on Earth and build as many nuclear bombs as possible.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":112,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","suppose","humanity","decided","to","mine","every","bit","of","uranium","on","Earth","and","build","as","many","nuclear","bombs","as","possible","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"At current usage, it's estimated that there are around 35 million tons of uranium in Earth's crust,","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","current","usage",",","it","'s","estimated","that","there","are","around","35","million","tons","of","uranium","in","Earth","'s","crust",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,15,29,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"For the sake of argument, let's say we create a pile with a yield of 10 billion Hiroshima bombs,","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":95,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","the","sake","of","argument",",","let","'s","say","we","create","a","pile","with","a","yield","of","10","billion","Hiroshima","bombs",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Our pile explodes in a fireball stretching so high into the sky that it's visible from half of South America,","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Our","pile","explodes","in","a","fireball","stretching","so","high","into","the","sky","that","it","'s","visible","from","half","of","South","America",","],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Bedrock on the scale of whole mountain ranges is vaporized in an instant, while thousands of tons of material is catapulted away with such speed that it's ejected into space.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":172,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":31,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Bedrock","on","the","scale","of","whole","mountain","ranges","is","vaporized","in","an","instant",",","while","thousands","of","tons","of","material","is","catapulted","away","with","such","speed","that","it","'s","ejected","into","space","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Some leaves Earth forever, while most of it comes raining down as hot,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Some","leaves","Earth","forever",",","while","most","of","it","comes","raining","down","as","hot",","],"tags":[1,25,5,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The Earth's crust rings like a bell, struck by global earthquakes stronger than anything in recorded history, decimating cities around the world,","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":143,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","Earth","'s","crust","rings","like","a","bell",",","struck","by","global","earthquakes","stronger","than","anything","in","recorded","history",",","decimating","cities","around","the","world",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"while hurricane-force winds flatten every single tree in South America, and wildfires consume the continent.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["while","hurricane","-","force","winds","flatten","every","single","tree","in","South","America",",","and","wildfires","consume","the","continent","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The abundance of hydrocarbons in the Amazon burned to form ash are cast into the atmosphere,","spans":[{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","abundance","of","hydrocarbons","in","the","Amazon","burned","to","form","ash","are","cast","into","the","atmosphere",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The ensuing global winter may last for decades and results in the extinction of every large animal species, humans included.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","ensuing","global","winter","may","last","for","decades","and","results","in","the","extinction","of","every","large","animal","species",",","humans","included","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We could also mention that every corner of the planet is covered with radioactive fallout, but at this point, it doesn't matter that much anymore.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":14,"token_start":4},{"end":145,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":95,"token_end":27,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["We","could","also","mention","that","every","corner","of","the","planet","is","covered","with","radioactive","fallout",",","but","at","this","point",",","it","does","n't","matter","that","much","anymore","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is humanity's extinction event.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","humanity","'s","extinction","event","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The astronauts aboard the International Space Station get to enjoy a great view for a while,","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":61,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","astronauts","aboard","the","International","Space","Station","get","to","enjoy","a","great","view","for","a","while",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,17,18,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"but it's not unlikely that the spray of rocks blast into orbit will destroy the station.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["but","it","'s","not","unlikely","that","the","spray","of","rocks","blast","into","orbit","will","destroy","the","station","."],"tags":[0,3,21,37,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Those lucky enough to be in bunkers or in submarines deep below the ocean surface may survive the longest,","spans":[{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":86,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Those","lucky","enough","to","be","in","bunkers","or","in","submarines","deep","below","the","ocean","surface","may","survive","the","longest",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"before they exhaust their food supplies and have to venture out for more.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["before","they","exhaust","their","food","supplies","and","have","to","venture","out","for","more","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They'll find the world a charred, freezing, radioactive wasteland.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["They","'ll","find","the","world","a","charred",",","freezing",",","radioactive","wasteland","."],"tags":[1,15,19,9,10,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"The planet itself doesn't care at all.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","planet","itself","does","n't","care","at","all","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,37,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"After just a few million years, the wounds of the explosions have healed and life is thriving, arguably even more so than when humans were around.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":145,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":27,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["After","just","a","few","million","years",",","the","wounds","of","the","explosions","have","healed","and","life","is","thriving",",","arguably","even","more","so","than","when","humans","were","around","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If intelligent life emerges again, it might be able to work out what happened.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","intelligent","life","emerges","again",",","it","might","be","able","to","work","out","what","happened","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,17,18,18,31,32,5,6,0]}
{"text":"When they study geology, they'll find a bizarre and very thin layer of rock covering the entire world,","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["When","they","study","geology",",","they","'ll","find","a","bizarre","and","very","thin","layer","of","rock","covering","the","entire","world",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"Videos like this one take well over 1,200 hours to finish.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Videos","like","this","one","take","well","over","1,200","hours","to","finish","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Over the years, we put more and more effort into research, conversations with experts, illustration and animation, sound design and fact-checking.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":26,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Over","the","years",",","we","put","more","and","more","effort","into","research",",","conversations","with","experts",",","illustration","and","animation",",","sound","design","and","fact","-","checking","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For this video, we put a lot of extra work into our sources document.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["For","this","video",",","we","put","a","lot","of","extra","work","into","our","sources","document","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You can read how we got to the information in the video, what our experts thought about it, where they disagreed with each other.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":128,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","can","read","how","we","got","to","the","information","in","the","video",",","what","our","experts","thought","about","it",",","where","they","disagreed","with","each","other","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We can take the time to do this because of you, our viewers.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","can","take","the","time","to","do","this","because","of","you",",","our","viewers","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,33,34,34,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Because you watch and share our videos, buy our posters and support us on Patreon.com.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Because","you","watch","and","share","our","videos",",","buy","our","posters","and","support","us","on","Patreon.com","."],"tags":[0,1,19,0,41,42,42,41,42,42,42,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you like what we're doing, please consider becoming a patron or get one of the nice things we made with love.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","like","what","we","'re","doing",",","please","consider","becoming","a","patron","or","get","one","of","the","nice","things","we","made","with","love","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Thank you for watching.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","for","watching","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"What would happen if we detonated humanity's most powerful nuclear weapon at the deepest point of the ocean?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","would","happen","if","we","detonated","humanity","'s","most","powerful","nuclear","weapon","at","the","deepest","point","of","the","ocean","?"],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For sure, tsunamis hundreds of meters high would destroy coastal cities, earthquakes would level countries, new volcanoes would bring us nuclear winter.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["For","sure",",","tsunamis","hundreds","of","meters","high","would","destroy","coastal","cities",",","earthquakes","would","level","countries",",","new","volcanoes","would","bring","us","nuclear","winter","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Maybe even Earth could be ripped apart or thrown out of orbit?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Maybe","even","Earth","could","be","ripped","apart","or","thrown","out","of","orbit","?"],"tags":[13,1,2,15,15,29,35,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Currently, Earth's deepest known point is inside the Mariana Trench.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Currently",",","Earth","'s","deepest","known","point","is","inside","the","Mariana","Trench","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The Mariana Trench is a very deep valley right at the edge of two tectonic plates that looks like an upside-down mountain.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":120,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","Mariana","Trench","is","a","very","deep","valley","right","at","the","edge","of","two","tectonic","plates","that","looks","like","an","upside","-","down","mountain","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It reaches a depth of about 11 kilometers, almost three times deeper than the dark grave of the Titanic.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","reaches","a","depth","of","about","11","kilometers",",","almost","three","times","deeper","than","the","dark","grave","of","the","Titanic","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's one of the last places on Earth for humans to explore.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","one","of","the","last","places","on","Earth","for","humans","to","explore","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Pitch black and under a thousand atmospheres of pressure, it's a relatively pristine environment thanks to the absence of humans.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":96,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":21,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Pitch","black","and","under","a","thousand","atmospheres","of","pressure",",","it","'s","a","relatively","pristine","environment","thanks","to","the","absence","of","humans","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We'll use the most powerful nuclear bomb humans have ever exploded, the RDS-220 hydrogen bomb, or Tsar Bomba.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'ll","use","the","most","powerful","nuclear","bomb","humans","have","ever","exploded",",","the","RDS-220","hydrogen","bomb",",","or","Tsar","Bomba","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Its explosion was so massive that its shockwave traveled around the Earth three times and its mushroom cloud stretched 56 kilometers into the sky.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":144,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":23,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Its","explosion","was","so","massive","that","its","shockwave","traveled","around","the","Earth","three","times","and","its","mushroom","cloud","stretched","56","kilometers","into","the","sky","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Explosions like this release such an enormous amount of energy at once that they could boil away an entire lake.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Explosions","like","this","release","such","an","enormous","amount","of","energy","at","once","that","they","could","boil","away","an","entire","lake","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And if we set off a nuclear bomb in the Mariana Trench, that's exactly what happens.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","if","we","set","off","a","nuclear","bomb","in","the","Mariana","Trench",",","that","'s","exactly","what","happens","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's pull the trigger.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","pull","the","trigger","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"In the first few microseconds, the nuclear fuel undergoes its chain reaction and explodes with the power of 50 megatons of TNT.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","the","first","few","microseconds",",","the","nuclear","fuel","undergoes","its","chain","reaction","and","explodes","with","the","power","of","50","megatons","of","TNT","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A blinding flash of light illuminates the darkness of the trench for the first time in history.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["A","blinding","flash","of","light","illuminates","the","darkness","of","the","trench","for","the","first","time","in","history","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The heat of the explosion produces a cavity, a flaming bubble of water vapor, radioactive nuclei and the remains of very unlucky fish.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":132,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":24,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","heat","of","the","explosion","produces","a","cavity",",","a","flaming","bubble","of","water","vapor",",","radioactive","nuclei","and","the","remains","of","very","unlucky","fish","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The bubble grows quickly as it vaporizes the water around it.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","bubble","grows","quickly","as","it","vaporizes","the","water","around","it","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The pressure of the bubble is immense, plowing outwards as if there's nothing in the way,","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","pressure","of","the","bubble","is","immense",",","plowing","outwards","as","if","there","'s","nothing","in","the","way",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And then, almost as fast as it emerges, it stops.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","then",",","almost","as","fast","as","it","emerges",",","it","stops","."],"tags":[0,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,0]}
{"text":"On the surface of the Earth, this fireball bubble would grow to 10 kilometers the second after it's detonated as the atmosphere barely puts up a fight to hold it back.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":20,"token_start":15},{"end":166,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":32,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["On","the","surface","of","the","Earth",",","this","fireball","bubble","would","grow","to","10","kilometers","the","second","after","it","'s","detonated","as","the","atmosphere","barely","puts","up","a","fight","to","hold","it","back","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But the pressure at the bottom of the Mariana Trench is enormous.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","the","pressure","at","the","bottom","of","the","Mariana","Trench","is","enormous","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"With 11 kilometers of water overhead, being in the Mariana Trench is like being crushed by a hydraulic press from every direction.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":129,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["With","11","kilometers","of","water","overhead",",","being","in","the","Mariana","Trench","is","like","being","crushed","by","a","hydraulic","press","from","every","direction","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Here a second after the detonation, our bubble is about a kilometer across, when oddly enough, it starts to shrink.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Here","a","second","after","the","detonation",",","our","bubble","is","about","a","kilometer","across",",","when","oddly","enough",",","it","starts","to","shrink","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The bubble overextends itself, losing pressure as it expands, until the water turns it back, recompressing it.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","bubble","overextends","itself",",","losing","pressure","as","it","expands",",","until","the","water","turns","it","back",",","recompressing","it","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The tug of war between the fiery death bubble and water goes back and forth a few times, the bubble shrinking and growing, until eventually the bubble loses for good.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","tug","of","war","between","the","fiery","death","bubble","and","water","goes","back","and","forth","a","few","times",",","the","bubble","shrinking","and","growing",",","until","eventually","the","bubble","loses","for","good","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The pressure around it is too great, and turbulent water begins to chop it up.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","pressure","around","it","is","too","great",",","and","turbulent","water","begins","to","chop","it","up","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It becomes something like the underwater equivalent of a mushroom cloud, as it disintegrates into many smaller hot and radioactive bubbles drifting upwards.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["It","becomes","something","like","the","underwater","equivalent","of","a","mushroom","cloud",",","as","it","disintegrates","into","many","smaller","hot","and","radioactive","bubbles","drifting","upwards","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And as our mighty destructive blast rises to the surface, it does basically nothing.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["And","as","our","mighty","destructive","blast","rises","to","the","surface",",","it","does","basically","nothing","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,13,5,0]}
{"text":"No tsunami will wash away Japan or California, although boats and whales in the area might have a bad time.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["No","tsunami","will","wash","away","Japan","or","California",",","although","boats","and","whales","in","the","area","might","have","a","bad","time","."],"tags":[1,2,15,31,32,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The radioactive fallout will be diluted into the Pacific after a few days,","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","radioactive","fallout","will","be","diluted","into","the","Pacific","after","a","few","days",","],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"although a fair amount of radioactive water and salt makes it to the atmosphere, where it collects and then rains down again.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["although","a","fair","amount","of","radioactive","water","and","salt","makes","it","to","the","atmosphere",",","where","it","collects","and","then","rains","down","again","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even if the wind blows the fallout directly towards the Philippines, the worst of it probably happens over the oceans.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":100,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":94,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":20,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Even","if","the","wind","blows","the","fallout","directly","towards","the","Philippines",",","the","worst","of","it","probably","happens","over","the","oceans","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,13,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Clearly, the real danger comes from our explosion triggering earthquakes and volcanoes, right?","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Clearly",",","the","real","danger","comes","from","our","explosion","triggering","earthquakes","and","volcanoes",",","right","?"],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,25,26,5,6,13,14,14,14,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The explosion would vaporize a part of the sea floor and turn a lot of sand into glass, but most of the energy goes into the water, not seismic waves.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":17,"token_start":11},{"end":149,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":92,"token_end":31,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["The","explosion","would","vaporize","a","part","of","the","sea","floor","and","turn","a","lot","of","sand","into","glass",",","but","most","of","the","energy","goes","into","the","water",",","not","seismic","waves","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Earthquakes are already quite common at tectonic plate boundaries.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Earthquakes","are","already","quite","common","at","tectonic","plate","boundaries","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And earthquakes with as much seismic energy as our bomb happen a few times a year, without triggering any sort of apocalypse.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["And","earthquakes","with","as","much","seismic","energy","as","our","bomb","happen","a","few","times","a","year",",","without","triggering","any","sort","of","apocalypse","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But maybe it will affect the Earth's orbit?","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","maybe","it","will","affect","the","Earth","'s","orbit","?"],"tags":[0,13,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Since no mass is taken away or added to the Earth, our orbit is completely unaffected.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Since","no","mass","is","taken","away","or","added","to","the","Earth",",","our","orbit","is","completely","unaffected","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Also, there have been well over a thousand nuclear tests in the last 70 years, and that didn't change our orbit, so why would this time be different?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":83,"token_end":23,"token_start":18},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":116,"token_end":31,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["Also",",","there","have","been","well","over","a","thousand","nuclear","tests","in","the","last","70","years",",","and","that","did","n't","change","our","orbit",",","so","why","would","this","time","be","different","?"],"tags":[13,0,3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The strongest forces humanity can unleash are laughable compared to the forces of nature.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","strongest","forces","humanity","can","unleash","are","laughable","compared","to","the","forces","of","nature","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The planet is too big, it doesn't care.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","planet","is","too","big",",","it","does","n't","care","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So what happens to us if we detonate a nuclear weapon really deep in the ocean?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","what","happens","to","us","if","we","detonate","a","nuclear","weapon","really","deep","in","the","ocean","?"],"tags":[0,1,25,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Did you know that every bird in our videos has an owner?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Did","you","know","that","every","bird","in","our","videos","has","an","owner","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"More than 1,000 people have got their own bird.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["More","than","1,000","people","have","got","their","own","bird","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It helps us explain things, clowns around in the background, or dies a horrible and avoidable death.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["It","helps","us","explain","things",",","clowns","around","in","the","background",",","or","dies","a","horrible","and","avoidable","death","."],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you want your own bird too and you want it to appear in one of our videos, you can get it at patreon.com\/kurzgesagt.","spans":[{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":86,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":24,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["If","you","want","your","own","bird","too","and","you","want","it","to","appear","in","one","of","our","videos",",","you","can","get","it","at","patreon.com\/kurzgesagt","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Patreon is one of the main ways we sustain ourselves, so on top of getting a super nice avatar, you also help us make more and better videos.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":140,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":29,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Patreon","is","one","of","the","main","ways","we","sustain","ourselves",",","so","on","top","of","getting","a","super","nice","avatar",",","you","also","help","us","make","more","and","better","videos","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Black holes are the most powerful and extreme things in the universe, and they're wildly weird and complicated.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Black","holes","are","the","most","powerful","and","extreme","things","in","the","universe",",","and","they","'re","wildly","weird","and","complicated","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"What would happen if you fell inside one, and what are they really?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["What","would","happen","if","you","fell","inside","one",",","and","what","are","they","really","?"],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"First, we need to talk about space and time.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["First",",","we","need","to","talk","about","space","and","time","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Space and time are the grand stage where the play of the universe unfolds.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Space","and","time","are","the","grand","stage","where","the","play","of","the","universe","unfolds","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But space isn't a fixed stage, and time doesn't tick the same for everyone everywhere.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","space","is","n't","a","fixed","stage",",","and","time","does","n't","tick","the","same","for","everyone","everywhere","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In short, they're relative.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","short",",","they","'re","relative","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Matter bends space, and bent space tells matter how to move.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Matter","bends","space",",","and","bent","space","tells","matter","how","to","move","."],"tags":[1,25,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Put some stars and planets on the stage, and it sacks underneath them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Put","some","stars","and","planets","on","the","stage",",","and","it","sacks","underneath","them","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"That misshapen stage, with all its little warps and dips, gives us gravity.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["That","misshapen","stage",",","with","all","its","little","warps","and","dips",",","gives","us","gravity","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,25,9,7,0]}
{"text":"Black holes do not just bend the stage, they're like trapdoors.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Black","holes","do","not","just","bend","the","stage",",","they","'re","like","trapdoors","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,13,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Most black holes form when very massive stars die.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Most","black","holes","form","when","very","massive","stars","die","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We explained this process in detail in our neutron star video.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","explained","this","process","in","detail","in","our","neutron","star","video","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All you need to know now is that in the final moments of really massive stars, their insides implode at nearly a quarter of the speed of light.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":141,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":28,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","you","need","to","know","now","is","that","in","the","final","moments","of","really","massive","stars",",","their","insides","implode","at","nearly","a","quarter","of","the","speed","of","light","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This packs so much mass so close together, creating something so dense that it sort of breaks the stage of the universe.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","packs","so","much","mass","so","close","together",",","creating","something","so","dense","that","it","sort","of","breaks","the","stage","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A black hole with ten times the mass of the sun would be barely 60 kilometers across.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["A","black","hole","with","ten","times","the","mass","of","the","sun","would","be","barely","60","kilometers","across","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you look directly at a black hole, it looks like nothing.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","you","look","directly","at","a","black","hole",",","it","looks","like","nothing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The space under their control is blocked by an invisible, one-way border called the event horizon.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","space","under","their","control","is","blocked","by","an","invisible",",","one","-","way","border","called","the","event","horizon","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The event horizon forms a shell around a region of space that once entered is shielded from the rest of the universe forever.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":22,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","event","horizon","forms","a","shell","around","a","region","of","space","that","once","entered","is","shielded","from","the","rest","of","the","universe","forever","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Because the black hole trapdoor deforms space so much, not even light can escape it.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Because","the","black","hole","trapdoor","deforms","space","so","much",",","not","even","light","can","escape","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"And with nothing escaping to transfer information from the inside, it's impossible to tell what it really looks like.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":69,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":116,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["And","with","nothing","escaping","to","transfer","information","from","the","inside",",","it","'s","impossible","to","tell","what","it","really","looks","like","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We can still observe black holes because of their effect on matter.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","can","still","observe","black","holes","because","of","their","effect","on","matter","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Things can orbit black holes just as they can orbit the sun or a planet.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Things","can","orbit","black","holes","just","as","they","can","orbit","the","sun","or","a","planet","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Many black holes have disks of matter orbiting outside the event horizon.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Many","black","holes","have","disks","of","matter","orbiting","outside","the","event","horizon","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This matter can become incredibly hot as close orbits can speed this matter up to half the speed of light,","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","matter","can","become","incredibly","hot","as","close","orbits","can","speed","this","matter","up","to","half","the","speed","of","light",","],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"and tiny amounts of friction and collisions between particles heat them to a billion degrees, making the space around these black holes ironically incredibly bright.","spans":[{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":164,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":25,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["and","tiny","amounts","of","friction","and","collisions","between","particles","heat","them","to","a","billion","degrees",",","making","the","space","around","these","black","holes","ironically","incredibly","bright","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What would happen if you were to try to get close or even inside a black hole?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","would","happen","if","you","were","to","try","to","get","close","or","even","inside","a","black","hole","?"],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"First of all, you'd see the strangest funhouse mirror in the universe.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["First","of","all",",","you","'d","see","the","strangest","funhouse","mirror","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Matter isn't the only thing orbiting a black hole.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Matter","is","n't","the","only","thing","orbiting","a","black","hole","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Gravity is so strong near them that light can orbit too.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Gravity","is","so","strong","near","them","that","light","can","orbit","too","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"If you hover just outside the event horizon, at the photon sphere, in any direction, you just see yourself.","spans":[{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":96,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":94,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":21,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","you","hover","just","outside","the","event","horizon",",","at","the","photon","sphere",",","in","any","direction",",","you","just","see","yourself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Straight ahead would be the back of your own head, as light from your back travels around the black hole to your eyes.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Straight","ahead","would","be","the","back","of","your","own","head",",","as","light","from","your","back","travels","around","the","black","hole","to","your","eyes","."],"tags":[11,12,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Gravity also alters the passage of time itself.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Gravity","also","alters","the","passage","of","time","itself","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The stronger the gravity, the slower time passes.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","stronger","the","gravity",",","the","slower","time","passes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,1,25,0]}
{"text":"While you watch the universe above you speed up, those far away will watch you in slow motion.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["While","you","watch","the","universe","above","you","speed","up",",","those","far","away","will","watch","you","in","slow","motion","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you chose to fly away from the black hole, you might find that eons have passed for the rest of the universe,","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","chose","to","fly","away","from","the","black","hole",",","you","might","find","that","eons","have","passed","for","the","rest","of","the","universe",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But getting close to a black hole can be incredibly dangerous.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","getting","close","to","a","black","hole","can","be","incredibly","dangerous","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"A painful death by spaghettification awaits you.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","painful","death","by","spaghettification","awaits","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,0]}
{"text":"Because your feet are closer to the black hole than your head, they feel a stronger pull of gravity, enough to pull you apart.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":124,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":25,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Because","your","feet","are","closer","to","the","black","hole","than","your","head",",","they","feel","a","stronger","pull","of","gravity",",","enough","to","pull","you","apart","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As you descend, it gets worse.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["As","you","descend",",","it","gets","worse","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The pulling gets stronger, your body squeezed thinner and straighter,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","pulling","gets","stronger",",","your","body","squeezed","thinner","and","straighter",","],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"until you've been reduced to a thin stream of hot plasma, gobbled up in one final slurp, never to be seen again.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":111,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":24,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["until","you","'ve","been","reduced","to","a","thin","stream","of","hot","plasma",",","gobbled","up","in","one","final","slurp",",","never","to","be","seen","again","."],"tags":[0,1,15,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Spaghettification is only a risk with smaller black holes, since they have much smaller radii.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Spaghettification","is","only","a","risk","with","smaller","black","holes",",","since","they","have","much","smaller","radii","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you go to the center of a galaxy and find a supermassive black hole, you might be able to experience crossing the event horizon.","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":92,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":20,"token_start":18},{"end":103,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":93,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":130,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":25,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["If","you","go","to","the","center","of","a","galaxy","and","find","a","supermassive","black","hole",",","you","might","be","able","to","experience","crossing","the","event","horizon","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As you approach the event horizon, a distant observer would think they never saw you enter it, seeing you stop and fade.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":119,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["As","you","approach","the","event","horizon",",","a","distant","observer","would","think","they","never","saw","you","enter","it",",","seeing","you","stop","and","fade","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Meanwhile, from your perspective, the void of the black hole rises up to meet you, as light from fewer directions can reach you.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":25,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Meanwhile",",","from","your","perspective",",","the","void","of","the","black","hole","rises","up","to","meet","you",",","as","light","from","fewer","directions","can","reach","you","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,25,35,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The blackness envelops you until your only view of the universe you left is a tiny spot of light.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","blackness","envelops","you","until","your","only","view","of","the","universe","you","left","is","a","tiny","spot","of","light","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Here, inside the event horizon, space and time are so horribly broken that real time travel is possible, so it's probably a good thing that nothing gets out.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":156,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":31,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Here",",","inside","the","event","horizon",",","space","and","time","are","so","horribly","broken","that","real","time","travel","is","possible",",","so","it","'s","probably","a","good","thing","that","nothing","gets","out","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If anything could escape, it could create all sorts of time travel paradoxes and issues that break the universe.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","anything","could","escape",",","it","could","create","all","sorts","of","time","travel","paradoxes","and","issues","that","break","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As scary as the event horizon is, it keeps us safe from that drama.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","scary","as","the","event","horizon","is",",","it","keeps","us","safe","from","that","drama","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Whether you have survived this long doesn't really matter, as now there's only the certainty of crushing death in your near future.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Whether","you","have","survived","this","long","does","n't","really","matter",",","as","now","there","'s","only","the","certainty","of","crushing","death","in","your","near","future","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,13,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"every forward you go leads only towards the center of the black hole.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["every","forward","you","go","leads","only","towards","the","center","of","the","black","hole","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"To survive the longest, you must do nothing.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["To","survive","the","longest",",","you","must","do","nothing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"In the center of the black hole, we find the singularity, a single point with all the matter that has ever crossed the event horizon,","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":131,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":26,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","the","center","of","the","black","hole",",","we","find","the","singularity",",","a","single","point","with","all","the","matter","that","has","ever","crossed","the","event","horizon",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"all crushed to a point infinitely small.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["all","crushed","to","a","point","infinitely","small","."],"tags":[1,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There is no memory of the things that made it, as stuff disappears down the black hole trapdoor forever.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["There","is","no","memory","of","the","things","that","made","it",",","as","stuff","disappears","down","the","black","hole","trapdoor","forever","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The singularity makes all things equal.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","singularity","makes","all","things","equal","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,33,0]}
{"text":"This actually breaks the universe in really cool ways.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","actually","breaks","the","universe","in","really","cool","ways","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We've made a video about this problem if you want to learn more.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","'ve","made","a","video","about","this","problem","if","you","want","to","learn","more","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But in a nutshell, everything that comes too close becomes black hole matter concentrated at the singularity.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":108,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","in","a","nutshell",",","everything","that","comes","too","close","becomes","black","hole","matter","concentrated","at","the","singularity","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This lack of a memory of its past means that a black hole has only three properties.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","lack","of","a","memory","of","its","past","means","that","a","black","hole","has","only","three","properties","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Everything else is lost.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Everything","else","is","lost","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"They're a lot like fundamental particles in that respect.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["They","'re","a","lot","like","fundamental","particles","in","that","respect","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This actually means that every single black hole in the universe is the same.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","actually","means","that","every","single","black","hole","in","the","universe","is","the","same","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Sure, their mass is different, and some spin faster than others,","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":63,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Sure",",","their","mass","is","different",",","and","some","spin","faster","than","others",","],"tags":[0,0,1,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"but if we were to put all the singularities into a magical physics museum, they'd be identical, like electrons.","spans":[{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":13,"token_start":1},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":84,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":110,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":21,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["but","if","we","were","to","put","all","the","singularities","into","a","magical","physics","museum",",","they","'d","be","identical",",","like","electrons","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But just like fundamental particles, the properties of singularities are the best ways we can describe them on paper,","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":72,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":116,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","just","like","fundamental","particles",",","the","properties","of","singularities","are","the","best","ways","we","can","describe","them","on","paper",","],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Our current theories about the universe, namely general relativity, are just not able to describe or explain them.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":88,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":97,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":89,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":101,"token_end":19,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Our","current","theories","about","the","universe",",","namely","general","relativity",",","are","just","not","able","to","describe","or","explain","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,17,13,37,17,18,19,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"The curvature of space becomes infinite, density becomes infinite, and our rules just don't make sense.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","curvature","of","space","becomes","infinite",",","density","becomes","infinite",",","and","our","rules","just","do","n't","make","sense","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The singularity has no surface or size, something like a divide by zero error in the universe.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","singularity","has","no","surface","or","size",",","something","like","a","divide","by","zero","error","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So singularities might not even exist, or be completely different things.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","singularities","might","not","even","exist",",","or","be","completely","different","things","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,13,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But this is all we know right now, from the best prediction we have, from our best current theory of space-time.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":111,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":24,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","this","is","all","we","know","right","now",",","from","the","best","prediction","we","have",",","from","our","best","current","theory","of","space","-","time","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"as far as we know, all black holes in the universe should be spinning right now.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["as","far","as","we","know",",","all","black","holes","in","the","universe","should","be","spinning","right","now","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,27,13,14,0]}
{"text":"This means that in reality, black holes are even more screwed up than they usually get credit for.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","that","in","reality",",","black","holes","are","even","more","screwed","up","than","they","usually","get","credit","for","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The singularities of rotating black holes are even wilder.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","singularities","of","rotating","black","holes","are","even","wilder","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The rotation causes them to swell outwards into a sort of ringularity.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","rotation","causes","them","to","swell","outwards","into","a","sort","of","ringularity","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This rotation is so powerful that space itself is dragged along.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","rotation","is","so","powerful","that","space","itself","is","dragged","along","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This creates another region around spinning black holes called the ergosphere, where it's impossible to stay still no matter how hard you try.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":140,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":24,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","creates","another","region","around","spinning","black","holes","called","the","ergosphere",",","where","it","'s","impossible","to","stay","still","no","matter","how","hard","you","try","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Like a rushing whirlpool of space-time, the tide is irresistible, and the black hole makes you orbit it whether you want to or not.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":27,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Like","a","rushing","whirlpool","of","space","-","time",",","the","tide","is","irresistible",",","and","the","black","hole","makes","you","orbit","it","whether","you","want","to","or","not","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Okay, so what will happen to black holes as the universe ages and dies around them?","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Okay",",","so","what","will","happen","to","black","holes","as","the","universe","ages","and","dies","around","them","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Again, we don't know, but we have some ideas based on our current understanding of physics.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Again",",","we","do","n't","know",",","but","we","have","some","ideas","based","on","our","current","understanding","of","physics","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,37,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In quantum field theory, the vacuum of space is boiling with quantum fluctuations.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","quantum","field","theory",",","the","vacuum","of","space","is","boiling","with","quantum","fluctuations","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,27,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These fluctuations are creating matter and antimatter pairs of particles from nothing, which only exist for a very short time before annihilating.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["These","fluctuations","are","creating","matter","and","antimatter","pairs","of","particles","from","nothing",",","which","only","exist","for","a","very","short","time","before","annihilating","."],"tags":[1,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"When this happens near the event horizon of a black hole, one of these particles can fall in, stopping them from annihilating.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":18,"token_start":17},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":23,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["When","this","happens","near","the","event","horizon","of","a","black","hole",",","one","of","these","particles","can","fall","in",",","stopping","them","from","annihilating","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,31,32,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The escaping particle is Hawking radiation.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","escaping","particle","is","Hawking","radiation","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Ultimately, the mass of this particle must come from the black hole, so over eons, black holes will shrink and radiate away.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Ultimately",",","the","mass","of","this","particle","must","come","from","the","black","hole",",","so","over","eons",",","black","holes","will","shrink","and","radiate","away","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,31,32,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Hawking radiation is not the stuff that fell into the black hole, it's new stuff stealing mass from it.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Hawking","radiation","is","not","the","stuff","that","fell","into","the","black","hole",",","it","'s","new","stuff","stealing","mass","from","it","."],"tags":[1,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"As the black hole shrinks, the Hawking radiation gets stronger, faster and faster,","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["As","the","black","hole","shrinks",",","the","Hawking","radiation","gets","stronger",",","faster","and","faster",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"until what's left eventually evaporates in a flash of high-energy radiation like a nuclear bomb.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["until","what","'s","left","eventually","evaporates","in","a","flash","of","high","-","energy","radiation","like","a","nuclear","bomb","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,13,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But that won't happen for a long, long time.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","that","wo","n't","happen","for","a","long",",","long","time","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A black hole with the mass of our sun has a lifetime of 10 to the power of 67 years,","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["A","black","hole","with","the","mass","of","our","sun","has","a","lifetime","of","10","to","the","power","of","67","years",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But most black holes are way more massive than our sun.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","most","black","holes","are","way","more","massive","than","our","sun","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The most massive supermassive black holes in the centers of galaxies have lifetimes of 10 to the power of 100 years.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":69,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":114,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","most","massive","supermassive","black","holes","in","the","centers","of","galaxies","have","lifetimes","of","10","to","the","power","of","100","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"How long is that?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["How","long","is","that","?"],"tags":[11,12,21,1,0]}
{"text":"Imagine an hourglass, filled with one grain of sand for every single particle in the universe.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":16,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","an","hourglass",",","filled","with","one","grain","of","sand","for","every","single","particle","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Every 10 billion years, one single grain of sand falls to the bottom.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Every","10","billion","years",",","one","single","grain","of","sand","falls","to","the","bottom","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If we waited for all the sand to fall down, not even 1% of the lifetimes of these black holes would have passed.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":21,"token_start":11},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":94,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":103,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":100,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":110,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":105,"token_end":24,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["If","we","waited","for","all","the","sand","to","fall","down",",","not","even","1","%","of","the","lifetimes","of","these","black","holes","would","have","passed","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"There is no good concept to help our brains grasp these timescales.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","no","good","concept","to","help","our","brains","grasp","these","timescales","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Will we ever truly understand black holes?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Will","we","ever","truly","understand","black","holes","?"],"tags":[15,1,13,13,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"No one knows.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["No","one","knows","."],"tags":[1,2,25,0]}
{"text":"We can only see their outsides, and the theories we have probably get their insides wrong.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","can","only","see","their","outsides",",","and","the","theories","we","have","probably","get","their","insides","wrong","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But it's okay to not know everything.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","okay","to","not","know","everything","."],"tags":[0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It just means there's still work to be done.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","just","means","there","'s","still","work","to","be","done","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It means there are still mysteries to solve, and big ideas to think about, which is why humans do science.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","means","there","are","still","mysteries","to","solve",",","and","big","ideas","to","think","about",",","which","is","why","humans","do","science","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In the end, we can at least be sure that we still have plenty of time left to think about them, before the last one melts away.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":125,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":28,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","we","can","at","least","be","sure","that","we","still","have","plenty","of","time","left","to","think","about","them",",","before","the","last","one","melts","away","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,13,14,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you want to continue thinking about black holes, you can do so by getting one of the many black hole-related things the Kurzgesagt team has made with love.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":156,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":31,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","continue","thinking","about","black","holes",",","you","can","do","so","by","getting","one","of","the","many","black","hole","-","related","things","the","Kurzgesagt","team","has","made","with","love","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In which case, we've made a black hole and white hole plushie.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","which","case",",","we","'ve","made","a","black","hole","and","white","hole","plushie","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And if that's still not enough, we've also just released super comfy space socks, very shiny space pins, a new tote bag and pouch set,","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":29,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["And","if","that","'s","still","not","enough",",","we","'ve","also","just","released","super","comfy","space","socks",",","very","shiny","space","pins",",","a","new","tote","bag","and","pouch","set",","],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"and we have many other great space-related products, that are all designed with love and care by us here at Kurzgesagt.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":23,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["and","we","have","many","other","great","space","-","related","products",",","that","are","all","designed","with","love","and","care","by","us","here","at","Kurzgesagt","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Getting something from our shop is the best way of supporting Kurzgesagt, while getting something beautiful in return.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":116,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Getting","something","from","our","shop","is","the","best","way","of","supporting","Kurzgesagt",",","while","getting","something","beautiful","in","return","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Because of you, we can keep making elaborate videos like the one you just watched, and release them for free for everyone.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":7},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":87,"token_end":23,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Because","of","you",",","we","can","keep","making","elaborate","videos","like","the","one","you","just","watched",",","and","release","them","for","free","for","everyone","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so much for your support.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","for","your","support","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Humans are proud of a lot of things, from particle accelerators, to poetry, to Pokemon.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Humans","are","proud","of","a","lot","of","things",",","from","particle","accelerators",",","to","poetry",",","to","Pokemon","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We think of intelligence as a trait, like height or strength, but when we try to define it, things get fuzzy.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["We","think","of","intelligence","as","a","trait",",","like","height","or","strength",",","but","when","we","try","to","define","it",",","things","get","fuzzy","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, intelligence is a mechanism to solve problems, especially the problem of staying alive,","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","intelligence","is","a","mechanism","to","solve","problems",",","especially","the","problem","of","staying","alive",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Intelligence is not a single thing.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Intelligence","is","not","a","single","thing","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It includes the ability to gather knowledge, to learn, be creative, form strategies, or engage in critical thinking.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":114,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","includes","the","ability","to","gather","knowledge",",","to","learn",",","be","creative",",","form","strategies",",","or","engage","in","critical","thinking","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It manifests itself in a huge variety of behaviors, from hard-wired or instinct-like reactions to different degrees of learning to some sort of awareness.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":152,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":28,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","manifests","itself","in","a","huge","variety","of","behaviors",",","from","hard","-","wired","or","instinct","-","like","reactions","to","different","degrees","of","learning","to","some","sort","of","awareness","."],"tags":[1,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But not all scientists agree where it begins or what even should count as intelligence.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","not","all","scientists","agree","where","it","begins","or","what","even","should","count","as","intelligence","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To make this even more complicated, intelligence is also connected to consciousness, since awareness is helpful for problem-solving.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["To","make","this","even","more","complicated",",","intelligence","is","also","connected","to","consciousness",",","since","awareness","is","helpful","for","problem","-","solving","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,29,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But we're exploring consciousness in other videos, so today we'll leave it aside.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","we","'re","exploring","consciousness","in","other","videos",",","so","today","we","'ll","leave","it","aside","."],"tags":[0,1,15,27,5,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Okay, intelligence isn't exactly clear-cut, so maybe we can think of it as more like a flexible set of skills.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Okay",",","intelligence","is","n't","exactly","clear","-","cut",",","so","maybe","we","can","think","of","it","as","more","like","a","flexible","set","of","skills","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,37,13,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The most basic tools in the intelligence toolbox are the ability to gather information, to save it, and to use it to learn.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":121,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","most","basic","tools","in","the","intelligence","toolbox","are","the","ability","to","gather","information",",","to","save","it",",","and","to","use","it","to","learn","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Information about the world is gathered through senses such as vision, sound, smell, touch, or taste, and helps us navigate and react to the external world appropriately.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":19,"token_start":6},{"end":169,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":106,"token_end":31,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Information","about","the","world","is","gathered","through","senses","such","as","vision",",","sound",",","smell",",","touch",",","or","taste",",","and","helps","us","navigate","and","react","to","the","external","world","appropriately","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But living things also need to keep track of the state of their own bodies, monitoring things like hunger and fatigue.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":14,"token_start":5},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":21,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","living","things","also","need","to","keep","track","of","the","state","of","their","own","bodies",",","monitoring","things","like","hunger","and","fatigue","."],"tags":[0,1,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Information is the basis of action for all living things, and without it, you're at the mercy of your surroundings, unable to react appropriately or flexibly.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":157,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":29,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Information","is","the","basis","of","action","for","all","living","things",",","and","without","it",",","you","'re","at","the","mercy","of","your","surroundings",",","unable","to","react","appropriately","or","flexibly","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Information is much more powerful if we can keep and save it.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Information","is","much","more","powerful","if","we","can","keep","and","save","it","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So the second tool is memory.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","the","second","tool","is","memory","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Memory is the ability to save and recall information so a living being doesn't have to start from scratch every time it perceives something relevant.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":147,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":25,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Memory","is","the","ability","to","save","and","recall","information","so","a","living","being","does","n't","have","to","start","from","scratch","every","time","it","perceives","something","relevant","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Memories can be about events, places, and associations, but also behaviors like hunting or foraging methods.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":107,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Memories","can","be","about","events",",","places",",","and","associations",",","but","also","behaviors","like","hunting","or","foraging","methods","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Some of these, like flying, have to be repeated over and over until they're mastered.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Some","of","these",",","like","flying",",","have","to","be","repeated","over","and","over","until","they","'re","mastered","."],"tags":[1,2,2,0,13,14,0,17,18,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is what we call learning, the process of putting together a sequence of thoughts or actions.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","what","we","call","learning",",","the","process","of","putting","together","a","sequence","of","thoughts","or","actions","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"These three tools enable seemingly stupid creatures to act in surprisingly intelligent ways.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":91,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["These","three","tools","enable","seemingly","stupid","creatures","to","act","in","surprisingly","intelligent","ways","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The acellular slime mold, which is basically just a single huge slimy cell, shows behavior similar to an animal with a simple brain.","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":131,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":24,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["The","acellular","slime","mold",",","which","is","basically","just","a","single","huge","slimy","cell",",","shows","behavior","similar","to","an","animal","with","a","simple","brain","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"When put in a maze with food at one end, the slime mold explores its surroundings and marks its path with slime trails, sort of smearing memories on the ground.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":159,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":86,"token_end":31,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["When","put","in","a","maze","with","food","at","one","end",",","the","slime","mold","explores","its","surroundings","and","marks","its","path","with","slime","trails",",","sort","of","smearing","memories","on","the","ground","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As it continues exploring, it avoids the marked pathways and finds its way to the food.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","it","continues","exploring",",","it","avoids","the","marked","pathways","and","finds","its","way","to","the","food","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Instead of blindly getting stuck in dead ends, the slime mold adapts its behavior to save time and effort.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Instead","of","blindly","getting","stuck","in","dead","ends",",","the","slime","mold","adapts","its","behavior","to","save","time","and","effort","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This behavior is hardwired, and scientists can't agree if that's intelligent, although it does give the slime mold a certain advantage.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":134,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":24,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","behavior","is","hardwired",",","and","scientists","ca","n't","agree","if","that","'s","intelligent",",","although","it","does","give","the","slime","mold","a","certain","advantage","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Bees are an example of more adaptive smart behavior.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Bees","are","an","example","of","more","adaptive","smart","behavior","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Scientists trained bumblebees to move a colored ball into a goalpost for a sugar reward.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Scientists","trained","bumblebees","to","move","a","colored","ball","into","a","goalpost","for","a","sugar","reward","."],"tags":[1,23,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Not only were the bees very skillful at this behavior, which isn't natural to them, they got more efficient over time.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Not","only","were","the","bees","very","skillful","at","this","behavior",",","which","is","n't","natural","to","them",",","they","got","more","efficient","over","time","."],"tags":[0,0,21,1,2,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"When several balls were available, bees chose the ball that lay closest to the goal, even if it was a different color than the ball they were trained with.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":15,"token_start":8},{"end":153,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":30,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["When","several","balls","were","available",",","bees","chose","the","ball","that","lay","closest","to","the","goal",",","even","if","it","was","a","different","color","than","the","ball","they","were","trained","with","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For more challenging problems, we need even more flexibility.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["For","more","challenging","problems",",","we","need","even","more","flexibility","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Building on the basic tools, more complex animals have a wider range of problems they can solve.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Building","on","the","basic","tools",",","more","complex","animals","have","a","wider","range","of","problems","they","can","solve","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They can memorize all kinds of associations, connections, and mechanical tricks.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","can","memorize","all","kinds","of","associations",",","connections",",","and","mechanical","tricks","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We'll call this tool the library of knowledge.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","'ll","call","this","tool","the","library","of","knowledge","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Take raccoons.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Take","raccoons","."],"tags":[19,5,0]}
{"text":"Their favorite kind of food is human food.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Their","favorite","kind","of","food","is","human","food","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Their approach to getting hold of such treats depends upon an assortment of theoretical and practical skills that makes them master burglars, able to open windows or pick locks.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":175,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":29,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Their","approach","to","getting","hold","of","such","treats","depends","upon","an","assortment","of","theoretical","and","practical","skills","that","makes","them","master","burglars",",","able","to","open","windows","or","pick","locks","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In a study, raccoons were given boxes secured with different kinds of locks, like latches, bolts, plugs, or push bars.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":117,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","a","study",",","raccoons","were","given","boxes","secured","with","different","kinds","of","locks",",","like","latches",",","bolts",",","plugs",",","or","push","bars","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"They needed less than 10 attempts to figure out how to open each box,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","needed","less","than","10","attempts","to","figure","out","how","to","open","each","box",","],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A year later, the raccoons still remembered how to open the boxes and were as fast as when they had first solved the puzzle.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["A","year","later",",","the","raccoons","still","remembered","how","to","open","the","boxes","and","were","as","fast","as","when","they","had","first","solved","the","puzzle","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Beyond our library of associations and skills, the most impressive tool in our box is creativity, a sort of mental duct tape.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":14,"token_start":8},{"end":84,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":83,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":123,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Beyond","our","library","of","associations","and","skills",",","the","most","impressive","tool","in","our","box","is","creativity",",","a","sort","of","mental","duct","tape","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Being creative means producing something new and valuable from apparently unrelated things.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Being","creative","means","producing","something","new","and","valuable","from","apparently","unrelated","things","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In the context of intelligence, this means making new and unusual connections, pairing input with memories and skills to come up with a unique solution to a problem.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":164,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":29,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","the","context","of","intelligence",",","this","means","making","new","and","unusual","connections",",","pairing","input","with","memories","and","skills","to","come","up","with","a","unique","solution","to","a","problem","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In another raccoon study, researchers showed the animals that by dropping pebbles into a water tank,","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","another","raccoon","study",",","researchers","showed","the","animals","that","by","dropping","pebbles","into","a","water","tank",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,23,9,10,7,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"they could raise the water level enough to reach a marshmallow floating at the top.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["they","could","raise","the","water","level","enough","to","reach","a","marshmallow","floating","at","the","top","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One raccoon came up with a much better solution.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["One","raccoon","came","up","with","a","much","better","solution","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It tipped the tub over.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","tipped","the","tub","over","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,35,0]}
{"text":"Another facet of creativity is applying a new resource to a task, physical tools.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Another","facet","of","creativity","is","applying","a","new","resource","to","a","task",",","physical","tools","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"or some octopuses which assemble collected coconut shells around themselves as a sort of portable armor to hide from enemies.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["or","some","octopuses","which","assemble","collected","coconut","shells","around","themselves","as","a","sort","of","portable","armor","to","hide","from","enemies","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,23,5,6,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Collecting materials for later use is connected to an even more advanced dimension of problem solving, planning.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Collecting","materials","for","later","use","is","connected","to","an","even","more","advanced","dimension","of","problem","solving",",","planning","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Planning means considering the activities required for a desired goal and putting them together in a plan.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Planning","means","considering","the","activities","required","for","a","desired","goal","and","putting","them","together","in","a","plan","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"When unforeseen circumstances and new possibilities present themselves, they need to be assessed according to whether they match the plan or not.","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":77,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":144,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["When","unforeseen","circumstances","and","new","possibilities","present","themselves",",","they","need","to","be","assessed","according","to","whether","they","match","the","plan","or","not","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"An example of this intelligent behavior is hoarding food to eat it later.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["An","example","of","this","intelligent","behavior","is","hoarding","food","to","eat","it","later","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is an instinctive behavior in squirrels.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","an","instinctive","behavior","in","squirrels","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But even though hiding food comes instinctively to them, they still need to use advanced thinking skills to make the best decisions.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":13},{"end":131,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":22,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["But","even","though","hiding","food","comes","instinctively","to","them",",","they","still","need","to","use","advanced","thinking","skills","to","make","the","best","decisions","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Squirrels examine every nut and weigh the time and effort it would take to hide it against the benefits they would get from each one.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":132,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":24,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Squirrels","examine","every","nut","and","weigh","the","time","and","effort","it","would","take","to","hide","it","against","the","benefits","they","would","get","from","each","one","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Damaged or low-fat nuts are eaten right away, while nuts that still need to ripen go on the stockpile.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Damaged","or","low","-","fat","nuts","are","eaten","right","away",",","while","nuts","that","still","need","to","ripen","go","on","the","stockpile","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Squirrels also pretend to bury nuts when they feel watched.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Squirrels","also","pretend","to","bury","nuts","when","they","feel","watched","."],"tags":[1,13,19,33,34,34,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These empty caches distract rivals from their real treasure.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["These","empty","caches","distract","rivals","from","their","real","treasure","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is pretty advanced strategizing because to make a plan to distract someone else, you first have to be aware that there are others like you that want the same things.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":169,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":31,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","is","pretty","advanced","strategizing","because","to","make","a","plan","to","distract","someone","else",",","you","first","have","to","be","aware","that","there","are","others","like","you","that","want","the","same","things","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The more complex the problem, the more tools are needed in combination to solve it.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","more","complex","the","problem",",","the","more","tools","are","needed","in","combination","to","solve","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,13,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So the more tools there are, the more flexibility a being has to solve the challenges life throws at them.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","the","more","tools","there","are",",","the","more","flexibility","a","being","has","to","solve","the","challenges","life","throws","at","them","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,5,6,6,1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But even for complex problems, each animal's individual situation is what counts.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","even","for","complex","problems",",","each","animal","'s","individual","situation","is","what","counts","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Squirrels are omnivores that defend their territories fiercely.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Squirrels","are","omnivores","that","defend","their","territories","fiercely","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"For them, it makes sense to remember where there's food in different locations and trick their enemies to improve their chances of survival.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":139,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":24,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["For","them",",","it","makes","sense","to","remember","where","there","'s","food","in","different","locations","and","trick","their","enemies","to","improve","their","chances","of","survival","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Sheep don't have any such refined tricks up their sleeve, but they don't need to.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":80,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Sheep","do","n't","have","any","such","refined","tricks","up","their","sleeve",",","but","they","do","n't","need","to","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They are grazers and live in flocks.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","are","grazers","and","live","in","flocks","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The skills relevant to them are social.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","skills","relevant","to","them","are","social","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"They recognize and remember many different sheep and even humans for years.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","recognize","and","remember","many","different","sheep","and","even","humans","for","years","."],"tags":[1,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Evolving and retaining a complex set of mental abilities they might never use would be a waste of resources for them.","spans":[{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":85,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":18,"token_start":15},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":108,"token_end":20,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Evolving","and","retaining","a","complex","set","of","mental","abilities","they","might","never","use","would","be","a","waste","of","resources","for","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Humans went the opposite way and invested in an unusually diverse intelligence toolkit.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Humans","went","the","opposite","way","and","invested","in","an","unusually","diverse","intelligence","toolkit","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"While this was helpful, by accident we added another set of tools on top.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["While","this","was","helpful",",","by","accident","we","added","another","set","of","tools","on","top","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,1,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"No single person could ever build a space rocket or particle accelerator.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["No","single","person","could","ever","build","a","space","rocket","or","particle","accelerator","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But thanks to our ability to work together and to share knowledge across generations, we can overcome challenges beyond any single individual's ability.","spans":[{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":13,"token_start":1},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":101,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":93,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":151,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["But","thanks","to","our","ability","to","work","together","and","to","share","knowledge","across","generations",",","we","can","overcome","challenges","beyond","any","single","individual","'s","ability","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This allowed us to shape the planet to our liking.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","allowed","us","to","shape","the","planet","to","our","liking","."],"tags":[1,23,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"We also created new problems in the process.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","also","created","new","problems","in","the","process","."],"tags":[1,13,23,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To solve these, we'll need to look past short-term survival and think about the distant future.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["To","solve","these",",","we","'ll","need","to","look","past","short","-","term","survival","and","think","about","the","distant","future","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We have the toolbox.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","the","toolbox","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,0]}
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{"text":"Speaking of tools for learning, we've heard from many teachers that are using our infographic posters in class.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Speaking","of","tools","for","learning",",","we","'ve","heard","from","many","teachers","that","are","using","our","infographic","posters","in","class","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So we asked what would help them the most and made an education edition.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","we","asked","what","would","help","them","the","most","and","made","an","education","edition","."],"tags":[0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They're slightly larger posters about various things that will expand over time.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","'re","slightly","larger","posters","about","various","things","that","will","expand","over","time","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You can get them in our shop and support us if you want.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["You","can","get","them","in","our","shop","and","support","us","if","you","want","."],"tags":[1,15,21,5,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And let us know which poster topics you want for your room or classroom.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","let","us","know","which","poster","topics","you","want","for","your","room","or","classroom","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This video was part two of a three-part video series relating to big questions of life and the universe.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":102,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","video","was","part","two","of","a","three","-","part","video","series","relating","to","big","questions","of","life","and","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You'll find our sources and further reading in the video description.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["You","'ll","find","our","sources","and","further","reading","in","the","video","description","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Life is fundamentally different from dead stuff, or is it?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Life","is","fundamentally","different","from","dead","stuff",",","or","is","it","?"],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Physicist Erwin Schrodinger defined life this way.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":28,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Physicist","Erwin","Schrodinger","defined","life","this","way","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Living things avoid decay into disorder and equilibrium.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Living","things","avoid","decay","into","disorder","and","equilibrium","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What does this mean?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","does","this","mean","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"Let's pretend that your download folder is the universe.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","pretend","that","your","download","folder","is","the","universe","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"It started orderly and got more and more chaotic over time.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","started","orderly","and","got","more","and","more","chaotic","over","time","."],"tags":[1,23,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"By investing energy, you can create order and clean it up.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["By","investing","energy",",","you","can","create","order","and","clean","it","up","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is what living things do.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","what","living","things","do","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But what is life?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","what","is","life","?"],"tags":[0,11,21,1,0]}
{"text":"Every living thing on this planet is made of cells.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Every","living","thing","on","this","planet","is","made","of","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,35,36,0]}
{"text":"Basically, a cell is a protein-based robot too small to feel or experience anything.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Basically",",","a","cell","is","a","protein","-","based","robot","too","small","to","feel","or","experience","anything","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It has the properties we just assigned to life.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","has","the","properties","we","just","assigned","to","life","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It has a wall that separates it from the surroundings creating order.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","has","a","wall","that","separates","it","from","the","surroundings","creating","order","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It regulates itself and maintains a constant state.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","regulates","itself","and","maintains","a","constant","state","."],"tags":[1,25,5,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It eats stuff to stay alive.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","eats","stuff","to","stay","alive","."],"tags":[1,25,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It grows and develops.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","grows","and","develops","."],"tags":[1,25,0,41,0]}
{"text":"It reacts to the environment and it's subject to evolution.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","reacts","to","the","environment","and","it","'s","subject","to","evolution","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And it makes more of itself.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","it","makes","more","of","itself","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But of all the stuff that makes up a cell, no part is alive.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","of","all","the","stuff","that","makes","up","a","cell",",","no","part","is","alive","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Stuff reacts chemically with other stuff, forming reactions that start other reactions, which start other reactions.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Stuff","reacts","chemically","with","other","stuff",",","forming","reactions","that","start","other","reactions",",","which","start","other","reactions","."],"tags":[1,25,13,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In a single cell every second, several million chemical reactions take place, forming a complex orchestra.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","a","single","cell","every","second",",","several","million","chemical","reactions","take","place",",","forming","a","complex","orchestra","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,13,14,0,1,2,2,2,31,32,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A cell can build several thousand types of protein.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","cell","can","build","several","thousand","types","of","protein","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Imagine driving a car at 100 kilometers an hour while constantly rebuilding every single part of it with stuff you collect from the street.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":138,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":23,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","driving","a","car","at","100","kilometers","an","hour","while","constantly","rebuilding","every","single","part","of","it","with","stuff","you","collect","from","the","street","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That is what cells do.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","is","what","cells","do","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But no part of the cell is alive.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","no","part","of","the","cell","is","alive","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Everything is dead matter moved by the laws of the universe.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Everything","is","dead","matter","moved","by","the","laws","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So is life the aggregate of all these reaction processes that are taking place?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","is","life","the","aggregate","of","all","these","reaction","processes","that","are","taking","place","?"],"tags":[0,21,1,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Eventually every living thing will die.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Eventually","every","living","thing","will","die","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"The goal of the whole process is to prevent this by producing new entities.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","goal","of","the","whole","process","is","to","prevent","this","by","producing","new","entities","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And by this we mean DNA.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","by","this","we","mean","DNA","."],"tags":[0,13,14,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Life is in a way just a lot of stuff that carries genetic information around.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Life","is","in","a","way","just","a","lot","of","stuff","that","carries","genetic","information","around","."],"tags":[1,21,13,14,14,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Every living thing is subject to evolution and the DNA that develops the best living thing around it will stay in the game.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Every","living","thing","is","subject","to","evolution","and","the","DNA","that","develops","the","best","living","thing","around","it","will","stay","in","the","game","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you take DNA out of its hull, it certainly is a very complex molecule, but it can't do anything by itself.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","you","take","DNA","out","of","its","hull",",","it","certainly","is","a","very","complex","molecule",",","but","it","ca","n't","do","anything","by","itself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is where viruses make everything more complicated.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","where","viruses","make","everything","more","complicated","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They are basically strings of RNA or DNA in a small hull and need cells to do something.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["They","are","basically","strings","of","RNA","or","DNA","in","a","small","hull","and","need","cells","to","do","something","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We're not sure if they count as living or dead.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'re","not","sure","if","they","count","as","living","or","dead","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And still there are 225 million cubic meters of viruses on Earth.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","still","there","are","225","million","cubic","meters","of","viruses","on","Earth","."],"tags":[0,13,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,13,14,0]}
{"text":"They don't seem to care what we think of them.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","do","n't","seem","to","care","what","we","think","of","them","."],"tags":[1,15,37,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There are even viruses that invade dead cells and reanimate them so they can be a host for them, which blurs the line even more.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":127,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":25,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","even","viruses","that","invade","dead","cells","and","reanimate","them","so","they","can","be","a","host","for","them",",","which","blurs","the","line","even","more","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"They are the power plants of most complex cells and were previously free living bacteria that entered a partnership with bigger cells.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":133,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":21,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["They","are","the","power","plants","of","most","complex","cells","and","were","previously","free","living","bacteria","that","entered","a","partnership","with","bigger","cells","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They still have their own DNA and can multiply on their own, but they are not alive anymore.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["They","still","have","their","own","DNA","and","can","multiply","on","their","own",",","but","they","are","not","alive","anymore","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They are dead.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","dead","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"So maybe life is information that manages to ensure its continued existence.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","maybe","life","is","information","that","manages","to","ensure","its","continued","existence","."],"tags":[0,13,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"By our most common definitions, we are very close to creating artificial life in computers.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["By","our","most","common","definitions",",","we","are","very","close","to","creating","artificial","life","in","computers","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's just a question of time before the technology we build gets there.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","'s","just","a","question","of","time","before","the","technology","we","build","gets","there","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And this is not science fiction either.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","this","is","not","science","fiction","either","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,12,13,0]}
{"text":"There are a lot of smart people actively working on this.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","a","lot","of","smart","people","actively","working","on","this","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"You could already argue that computer viruses are alive.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","could","already","argue","that","computer","viruses","are","alive","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So what is life then?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","what","is","life","then","?"],"tags":[0,11,21,1,13,0]}
{"text":"This got confusing very fast.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","got","confusing","very","fast","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,0]}
{"text":"One thing is for sure, the idea that life is fundamentally different from non-living things","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":91,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["One","thing","is","for","sure",",","the","idea","that","life","is","fundamentally","different","from","non","-","living","things"],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40]}
{"text":"Before Charles Darwin, humans drew a line between themselves and the rest of living things.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Before","Charles","Darwin",",","humans","drew","a","line","between","themselves","and","the","rest","of","living","things","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There was something magical about us that made us special.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","was","something","magical","about","us","that","made","us","special","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Once we had to accept we are, like every living being, a product of evolution, we drew a different line.","spans":[{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":82,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":22,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Once","we","had","to","accept","we","are",",","like","every","living","being",",","a","product","of","evolution",",","we","drew","a","different","line","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But the more we learn about what computers can do and how life works, the closer we get to creating the first machine that fits our description of life,","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":13,"token_start":1},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":87,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":151,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":29,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["But","the","more","we","learn","about","what","computers","can","do","and","how","life","works",",","the","closer","we","get","to","creating","the","first","machine","that","fits","our","description","of","life",","],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,1,21,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"the more our image of ourselves is in danger again.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["the","more","our","image","of","ourselves","is","in","danger","again","."],"tags":[11,12,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,13,0]}
{"text":"And this will happen sooner or later.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","this","will","happen","sooner","or","later","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And here's another question for you.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","here","'s","another","question","for","you","."],"tags":[0,11,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Does this mean we can never die because we were never alive in the first place?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":15,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Does","this","mean","we","can","never","die","because","we","were","never","alive","in","the","first","place","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Is life and death an irrelevant question and we haven't noticed it yet?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":70,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Is","life","and","death","an","irrelevant","question","and","we","have","n't","noticed","it","yet","?"],"tags":[21,1,2,2,11,12,12,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,0]}
{"text":"Is it possible we are much more part of the universe around us than we thought?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Is","it","possible","we","are","much","more","part","of","the","universe","around","us","than","we","thought","?"],"tags":[21,3,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Don't look at us.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Do","n't","look","at","us","."],"tags":[15,37,31,32,5,0]}
{"text":"We don't have any answers for you, just questions for you to think about.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","have","any","answers","for","you",",","just","questions","for","you","to","think","about","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The international banking system is an enigma.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","international","banking","system","is","an","enigma","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"There are more than 30,000 different banks worldwide,","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["There","are","more","than","30,000","different","banks","worldwide",","],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,13,0]}
{"text":"and they hold unbelievable amounts of assets.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["and","they","hold","unbelievable","amounts","of","assets","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The top 10 banks alone account for roughly 25 trillion US dollars.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","top","10","banks","alone","account","for","roughly","25","trillion","US","dollars","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Today, banking can seem very complex,","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Today",",","banking","can","seem","very","complex",","],"tags":[13,0,1,15,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"but originally, the idea was to make life simpler.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["but","originally",",","the","idea","was","to","make","life","simpler","."],"tags":[0,11,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"11th century Italy was the center of European trading.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["11th","century","Italy","was","the","center","of","European","trading","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Merchants from all over the continent met to trade their goods,","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Merchants","from","all","over","the","continent","met","to","trade","their","goods",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"but there was one problem.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["but","there","was","one","problem","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"In Pisa, merchants had to deal with seven different types of coins","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","Pisa",",","merchants","had","to","deal","with","seven","different","types","of","coins"],"tags":[13,14,0,1,17,18,31,32,5,6,6,6,6]}
{"text":"and the difficulty of getting a loan got people thinking.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["and","the","difficulty","of","getting","a","loan","got","people","thinking","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,33,0]}
{"text":"It was time for a new business model.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","was","time","for","a","new","business","model","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Hornbrokers started to give credit to businessmen,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Hornbrokers","started","to","give","credit","to","businessmen",","],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Networks of banks spread all over Europe,","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Networks","of","banks","spread","all","over","Europe",","],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is a simplified version of the way it works.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","a","simplified","version","of","the","way","it","works","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"People keep their money in banks and receive a small amount of interest.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["People","keep","their","money","in","banks","and","receive","a","small","amount","of","interest","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,33,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The bank takes this money and lends it out at much higher interest rates.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","bank","takes","this","money","and","lends","it","out","at","much","higher","interest","rates","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's a calculated risk, because some of the lenders will default on their credit.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","calculated","risk",",","because","some","of","the","lenders","will","default","on","their","credit","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This process is essential for our economic system,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","process","is","essential","for","our","economic","system",","],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So banks take funds that are unused by savers","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","banks","take","funds","that","are","unused","by","savers"],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6]}
{"text":"Other sources of income for banks include accepting saving deposits,","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Other","sources","of","income","for","banks","include","accepting","saving","deposits",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The main problem with banks nowadays is that a lot of them have abandoned their traditional role as providers of long-term financial products","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":140,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","main","problem","with","banks","nowadays","is","that","a","lot","of","them","have","abandoned","their","traditional","role","as","providers","of","long","-","term","financial","products"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12]}
{"text":"During the financial boom, most major banks adopted financial constructs that were barely comprehensible","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["During","the","financial","boom",",","most","major","banks","adopted","financial","constructs","that","were","barely","comprehensible"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6]}
{"text":"This was nothing short of gambling and damaged whole economies and societies.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","was","nothing","short","of","gambling","and","damaged","whole","economies","and","societies","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This led to the collapse of the housing market in the US and parts of Europe,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","led","to","the","collapse","of","the","housing","market","in","the","US","and","parts","of","Europe",","],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Hundreds of billions of dollars just evaporated.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Hundreds","of","billions","of","dollars","just","evaporated","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,13,23,0]}
{"text":"Millions of people lost their jobs and lots of money.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Millions","of","people","lost","their","jobs","and","lots","of","money","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Most of the world's major banks had to pay billions in fines and bankers became some of the least trusted professionals.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Most","of","the","world","'s","major","banks","had","to","pay","billions","in","fines","and","bankers","became","some","of","the","least","trusted","professionals","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,17,18,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The US government and the European Union had to put together huge bailout packages to purchase bad assets and stop the banks from going bankrupt.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","US","government","and","the","European","Union","had","to","put","together","huge","bailout","packages","to","purchase","bad","assets","and","stop","the","banks","from","going","bankrupt","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,17,18,19,13,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"New regulations were put into force to govern the banking business.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["New","regulations","were","put","into","force","to","govern","the","banking","business","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,35,36,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Compulsory bank emergency funds were enforced to absorb shocks in the event of another financial crisis.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":103,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Compulsory","bank","emergency","funds","were","enforced","to","absorb","shocks","in","the","event","of","another","financial","crisis","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But other pieces of tough new legislation were successfully blocked by the banking lobby.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","other","pieces","of","tough","new","legislation","were","successfully","blocked","by","the","banking","lobby","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Today, other models of providing financing are gaining ground fast.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Today",",","other","models","of","providing","financing","are","gaining","ground","fast","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,13,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, they provide the same financial services as banks,","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","they","provide","the","same","financial","services","as","banks",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The self-proclaimed goal is to help members create opportunities like starting small businesses,","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","self","-","proclaimed","goal","is","to","help","members","create","opportunities","like","starting","small","businesses",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They are controlled by their members, who also elect the board of directors democratically.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","are","controlled","by","their","members",",","who","also","elect","the","board","of","directors","democratically","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Worldwide, credit union systems vary significantly,","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Worldwide",",","credit","union","systems","vary","significantly",","],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,19,13,0]}
{"text":"Aside from making awesome video games possible, platforms arose that enable people to get loans from large groups of small investors, circumventing the bank as a middleman.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Aside","from","making","awesome","video","games","possible",",","platforms","arose","that","enable","people","to","get","loans","from","large","groups","of","small","investors",",","circumventing","the","bank","as","a","middleman","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But it also works for industry.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","also","works","for","industry","."],"tags":[0,1,13,25,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Lots of new technology companies started out on Kickstarter or Indiegogo.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Lots","of","new","technology","companies","started","out","on","Kickstarter","or","Indiegogo","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The funding individual gets the satisfaction of being part of a bigger thing and can invest in ideas they believe in,","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":4},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","funding","individual","gets","the","satisfaction","of","being","part","of","a","bigger","thing","and","can","invest","in","ideas","they","believe","in",","],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Nowadays, the granting of microcredits has evolved into a multi-billion dollar business.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Nowadays",",","the","granting","of","microcredits","has","evolved","into","a","multi","-","billion","dollar","business","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, banking might not be up your street, but the bank's role of providing funds to people and businesses is crucial for our society and has to be done.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":150,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":31,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So",",","banking","might","not","be","up","your","street",",","but","the","bank","'s","role","of","providing","funds","to","people","and","businesses","is","crucial","for","our","society","and","has","to","be","done","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,37,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Who will do it and how it will be done in the future is up for us to decide though.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":18,"token_start":14},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":19,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Who","will","do","it","and","how","it","will","be","done","in","the","future","is","up","for","us","to","decide","though","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,0]}
{"text":"Light is the connection between us and the universe.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Light","is","the","connection","between","us","and","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Through light, we can experience distant stars and look back at the beginning of existence itself.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Through","light",",","we","can","experience","distant","stars","and","look","back","at","the","beginning","of","existence","itself","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But what is light?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","what","is","light","?"],"tags":[0,11,21,1,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, light is the smallest quantity of energy that can be transported.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","light","is","the","smallest","quantity","of","energy","that","can","be","transported","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A photon, an elementary particle without a real size that can't be split, only created or destroyed.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":14,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":90,"token_end":19,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["A","photon",",","an","elementary","particle","without","a","real","size","that","ca","n't","be","split",",","only","created","or","destroyed","."],"tags":[1,2,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,0,13,29,0,41,0]}
{"text":"Light also has a wave-particle duality, being kind of a particle and a wave at the same time, although this is a lie.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":20,"token_start":9},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":26,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Light","also","has","a","wave","-","particle","duality",",","being","kind","of","a","particle","and","a","wave","at","the","same","time",",","although","this","is","a","lie","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Also, when we say light, we actually mean visible light, which is a tiny part of the electromagnetic spectrum, energy in form of electromagnetic radiation.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":154,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":28,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Also",",","when","we","say","light",",","we","actually","mean","visible","light",",","which","is","a","tiny","part","of","the","electromagnetic","spectrum",",","energy","in","form","of","electromagnetic","radiation","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Electromagnetic radiation consists of an enormous range of wavelengths and frequencies.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Electromagnetic","radiation","consists","of","an","enormous","range","of","wavelengths","and","frequencies","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Gamma rays have the smallest wavelengths because they're the highest energy photons.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Gamma","rays","have","the","smallest","wavelengths","because","they","'re","the","highest","energy","photons","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But most gamma rays are just under 10 picometers, which is still way smaller than a hydrogen atom.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","most","gamma","rays","are","just","under","10","picometers",",","which","is","still","way","smaller","than","a","hydrogen","atom","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"For reference, a hydrogen atom compared to a cent is about as big as a cent compared to the moon.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["For","reference",",","a","hydrogen","atom","compared","to","a","cent","is","about","as","big","as","a","cent","compared","to","the","moon","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Visible light is in the middle of the spectrum, in the range of about 400 nanometers to 700 nanometers, about the size of bacteria.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":25,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Visible","light","is","in","the","middle","of","the","spectrum",",","in","the","range","of","about","400","nanometers","to","700","nanometers",",","about","the","size","of","bacteria","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"On the other end of the spectrum, radio waves can be up to 100 kilometers in diameter,","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["On","the","other","end","of","the","spectrum",",","radio","waves","can","be","up","to","100","kilometers","in","diameter",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"From a physics standpoint, all these different waves are the same.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["From","a","physics","standpoint",",","all","these","different","waves","are","the","same","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"They all have the wave-particle duality and travel at C, the speed of light, just at different frequencies.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","all","have","the","wave","-","particle","duality","and","travel","at","C",",","the","speed","of","light",",","just","at","different","frequencies","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So what makes visible light special then?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","what","makes","visible","light","special","then","?"],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,33,13,0]}
{"text":"We just happen to have evolved eyes that are good at registering exactly this part of the electromagnetic spectrum.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":114,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","just","happen","to","have","evolved","eyes","that","are","good","at","registering","exactly","this","part","of","the","electromagnetic","spectrum","."],"tags":[1,13,19,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This is not a complete coincidence, though.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","is","not","a","complete","coincidence",",","though","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,0,13,0]}
{"text":"Visible light is the only set of electromagnetic radiation that propagates well in water, which happens to be where most eyes first evolved millions of years ago.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":160,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":27,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Visible","light","is","the","only","set","of","electromagnetic","radiation","that","propagates","well","in","water",",","which","happens","to","be","where","most","eyes","first","evolved","millions","of","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"That was a smart move because light not only interacts with matter,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["That","was","a","smart","move","because","light","not","only","interacts","with","matter",","],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"it's also altered by it and can be used to gather information about the world around us with almost no delay, which is arguably really helpful for survival.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":155,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":29,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["it","'s","also","altered","by","it","and","can","be","used","to","gather","information","about","the","world","around","us","with","almost","no","delay",",","which","is","arguably","really","helpful","for","survival","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Okay, where does light come from?","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Okay",",","where","does","light","come","from","?"],"tags":[0,0,5,15,1,31,32,0]}
{"text":"A vast range of electromagnetic waves are created when atoms or molecules drop from a higher state of energy to a lower one.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","vast","range","of","electromagnetic","waves","are","created","when","atoms","or","molecules","drop","from","a","higher","state","of","energy","to","a","lower","one","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They lose energy and emit it in the form of radiation.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":21,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","lose","energy","and","emit","it","in","the","form","of","radiation","."],"tags":[1,19,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"At the microscopic level, visible light is created when an electron within an atom, that is, in an excited state, drops to a lower energy state and loses this excess energy.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":171,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":34,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["At","the","microscopic","level",",","visible","light","is","created","when","an","electron","within","an","atom",",","that","is",",","in","an","excited","state",",","drops","to","a","lower","energy","state","and","loses","this","excess","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The same way incoming light can elevate an electron to a higher state of energy by being absorbed by it.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","same","way","incoming","light","can","elevate","an","electron","to","a","higher","state","of","energy","by","being","absorbed","by","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,1,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Macroscopically, the moving charge of the electron creates an oscillating magnet field, which creates an oscillating electric field perpendicular to it.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":150,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Macroscopically",",","the","moving","charge","of","the","electron","creates","an","oscillating","magnet","field",",","which","creates","an","oscillating","electric","field","perpendicular","to","it","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"These two fields move themselves through space, transferring energy from one place to another, carrying information about its place of creation with it.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":150,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":24,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["These","two","fields","move","themselves","through","space",",","transferring","energy","from","one","place","to","another",",","carrying","information","about","its","place","of","creation","with","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Why, of all the things in the universe, is light the fastest thing there is?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Why",",","of","all","the","things","in","the","universe",",","is","light","the","fastest","thing","there","is","?"],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,21,1,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's change the question.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","change","the","question","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"What is the fastest way to travel through space in the universe?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","is","the","fastest","way","to","travel","through","space","in","the","universe","?"],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's C.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","C."],"tags":[1,21,11]}
{"text":"Electromagnetic radiation just happens to move this fast.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":31,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Electromagnetic","radiation","just","happens","to","move","this","fast","."],"tags":[1,2,13,25,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Any particle that has no mass travels at C, without acceleration or any in between.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Any","particle","that","has","no","mass","travels","at","C",",","without","acceleration","or","any","in","between","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The light that's being released from a candle does not speed up until it reaches light speed.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","light","that","'s","being","released","from","a","candle","does","not","speed","up","until","it","reaches","light","speed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At the very instant of its creation, its speed is C.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["At","the","very","instant","of","its","creation",",","its","speed","is","C."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11]}
{"text":"So why is C, or the speed of light, finite then?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","why","is","C",",","or","the","speed","of","light",",","finite","then","?"],"tags":[0,13,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,11,13,0]}
{"text":"Well, nobody knows.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Well",",","nobody","knows","."],"tags":[0,0,1,25,0]}
{"text":"Our universe is just built this way.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Our","universe","is","just","built","this","way","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"We don't have a smart answer here.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","have","a","smart","answer","here","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,13,0]}
{"text":"So light is a part of a spectrum, an elementary particle that also behaves like a wave, propelled by two perpendicular fields, traveling at the speed limit of the universe.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":171,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":32,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","light","is","a","part","of","a","spectrum",",","an","elementary","particle","that","also","behaves","like","a","wave",",","propelled","by","two","perpendicular","fields",",","traveling","at","the","speed","limit","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Okay, that's nice and all, but what about all the crazy stuff about traveling at the speed of light and time, the twin paradox, quantum stuff, and things like that?","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":163,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":35,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Okay",",","that","'s","nice","and","all",",","but","what","about","all","the","crazy","stuff","about","traveling","at","the","speed","of","light","and","time",",","the","twin","paradox",",","quantum","stuff",",","and","things","like","that","?"],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We have to save them for another video.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","have","to","save","them","for","another","video","."],"tags":[1,17,18,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For now, let's just be happy that we evolved eyes that pick up waves of information permeating the universe, making us see things that help us to put our existence into perspective.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":180,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":34,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["For","now",",","let","'s","just","be","happy","that","we","evolved","eyes","that","pick","up","waves","of","information","permeating","the","universe",",","making","us","see","things","that","help","us","to","put","our","existence","into","perspective","."],"tags":[13,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The simple questions are the hardest ones to answer.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","simple","questions","are","the","hardest","ones","to","answer","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"What is a thing?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","is","a","thing","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Why do things happen?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Why","do","things","happen","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"And why do they happen the way they do?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","why","do","they","happen","the","way","they","do","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's try to approach this step by step.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","try","to","approach","this","step","by","step","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"What are you made of?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","are","you","made","of","?"],"tags":[35,15,1,29,35,0]}
{"text":"You are matter, which is made of molecules, which are made of atoms, and those are made of elementary particles.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":110,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","are","matter",",","which","is","made","of","molecules",",","which","are","made","of","atoms",",","and","those","are","made","of","elementary","particles","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But, if elementary particles are the smallest things that exist, what are they made of?","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":65,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":86,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":84,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But",",","if","elementary","particles","are","the","smallest","things","that","exist",",","what","are","they","made","of","?"],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,35,15,1,29,35,0]}
{"text":"To answer a simple question, let's start simply.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["To","answer","a","simple","question",",","let","'s","start","simply","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Let's wipe the universe clean, away with matter, antimatter, radiation, particles, anything.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":91,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","wipe","the","universe","clean",",","away","with","matter",",","antimatter",",","radiation",",","particles",",","anything","."],"tags":[19,33,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Now let's take a closer look at absolutely nothing.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Now","let","'s","take","a","closer","look","at","absolutely","nothing","."],"tags":[13,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"What is empty space?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","is","empty","space","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Is it what we call a vacuum?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Is","it","what","we","call","a","vacuum","?"],"tags":[21,1,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There are no atoms, no matter, nothing.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","no","atoms",",","no","matter",",","nothing","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Is it really all that empty?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Is","it","really","all","that","empty","?"],"tags":[21,1,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Nothing gives us the building blocks for everything.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Nothing","gives","us","the","building","blocks","for","everything","."],"tags":[1,25,9,7,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"In a sense, empty space is a lot like a vast calm ocean.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","a","sense",",","empty","space","is","a","lot","like","a","vast","calm","ocean","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While the water is very still when nothing is happening, a stiff breeze can create some serious waves.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["While","the","water","is","very","still","when","nothing","is","happening",",","a","stiff","breeze","can","create","some","serious","waves","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our universe works a lot like this.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Our","universe","works","a","lot","like","this","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There are these oceans everywhere.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["There","are","these","oceans","everywhere","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,13,0]}
{"text":"Physicists call them fields.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Physicists","call","them","fields","."],"tags":[1,19,5,33,0]}
{"text":"This might be strange and new, but think about radiation, for example.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","might","be","strange","and","new",",","but","think","about","radiation",",","for","example","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"By exciting what's known as the electromagnetic field, a little kink is created, which is the particle we call the photon, the particle that carries radiation.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["By","exciting","what","'s","known","as","the","electromagnetic","field",",","a","little","kink","is","created",",","which","is","the","particle","we","call","the","photon",",","the","particle","that","carries","radiation","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We perceive it as light.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","perceive","it","as","light","."],"tags":[1,19,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"This isn't unique to light.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","n't","unique","to","light","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Every particle in the universe is made this way.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Every","particle","in","the","universe","is","made","this","way","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"There are fields for every particle of matter, all with their own rules.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":47,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["There","are","fields","for","every","particle","of","matter",",","all","with","their","own","rules","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"For example, along with the electromagnetic field, there is an electron field everywhere in the universe, and little kinks in that field are electrons.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":14},{"end":150,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":110,"token_end":26,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["For","example",",","along","with","the","electromagnetic","field",",","there","is","an","electron","field","everywhere","in","the","universe",",","and","little","kinks","in","that","field","are","electrons","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Altogether, the fields of our universe can produce 17 particles, which can be divided into three categories.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Altogether",",","the","fields","of","our","universe","can","produce","17","particles",",","which","can","be","divided","into","three","categories","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Leptons consist of the electron as well as its cousins, muon and tau particles.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Leptons","consist","of","the","electron","as","well","as","its","cousins",",","muon","and","tau","particles","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Each has an associated neutrino.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Each","has","an","associated","neutrino","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Then there are quarks.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Then","there","are","quarks","."],"tags":[13,3,21,1,0]}
{"text":"The quarks are the nuclear family of particles.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","quarks","are","the","nuclear","family","of","particles","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They're always found bound together in groups and pairs and make up protons and neutrons, which make up the nuclei of atoms.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["They","'re","always","found","bound","together","in","groups","and","pairs","and","make","up","protons","and","neutrons",",","which","make","up","the","nuclei","of","atoms","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Together, the leptons and quarks are the matter particles.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Together",",","the","leptons","and","quarks","are","the","matter","particles","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They make up all the things you see.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","make","up","all","the","things","you","see","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But things don't just exist, they also do stuff.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","things","do","n't","just","exist",",","they","also","do","stuff","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,13,19,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In some philosophical sense, the properties of a thing are just as much a part of it as existence itself.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":103,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","some","philosophical","sense",",","the","properties","of","a","thing","are","just","as","much","a","part","of","it","as","existence","itself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This is where the bosons and the fields that make them come into play.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","where","the","bosons","and","the","fields","that","make","them","come","into","play","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While the quarks and leptons are made by matter fields, the bosons are made by force fields.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["While","the","quarks","and","leptons","are","made","by","matter","fields",",","the","bosons","are","made","by","force","fields","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We call a rule of the universe a force, and so far, four fundamental forces have been discovered.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":96,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","call","a","rule","of","the","universe","a","force",",","and","so","far",",","four","fundamental","forces","have","been","discovered","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,33,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"These forces are the rulebook of a game where the pieces are particles and the game is the universe.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["These","forces","are","the","rulebook","of","a","game","where","the","pieces","are","particles","and","the","game","is","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They tell particles what they can do and how they can do it.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","tell","particles","what","they","can","do","and","how","they","can","do","it","."],"tags":[1,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"Bishops move diagonally, massless particles move at the speed of light, knights can jump, gravity attracts.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Bishops","move","diagonally",",","massless","particles","move","at","the","speed","of","light",",","knights","can","jump",",","gravity","attracts","."],"tags":[1,19,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The forces are the rules for how particles interact, which ultimately make them the rules for how particles assemble into all the big things we see in the universe.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":162,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":29,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","forces","are","the","rules","for","how","particles","interact",",","which","ultimately","make","them","the","rules","for","how","particles","assemble","into","all","the","big","things","we","see","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Gravity isn't just the rule for orbits around the sun or apples falling from trees.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Gravity","is","n't","just","the","rule","for","orbits","around","the","sun","or","apples","falling","from","trees","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"As a rule, it says matter attracts, which builds planets and stars.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["As","a","rule",",","it","says","matter","attracts",",","which","builds","planets","and","stars","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Electromagnetism isn't just a rule for magnets attracting or repelling or electric currents in light bulbs.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Electromagnetism","is","n't","just","a","rule","for","magnets","attracting","or","repelling","or","electric","currents","in","light","bulbs","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It governs all atomic bonds, building every molecule.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","governs","all","atomic","bonds",",","building","every","molecule","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Together, forces and particles are sort of like the Tinker Toys of existence.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Together",",","forces","and","particles","are","sort","of","like","the","Tinker","Toys","of","existence","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The bosons are like messengers, passed between, you could say, connecting, the matter particles, which they use to tell each other how to move.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","bosons","are","like","messengers",",","passed","between",",","you","could","say",",","connecting",",","the","matter","particles",",","which","they","use","to","tell","each","other","how","to","move","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Each particle uses a certain set of the forces to interact with other particles.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Each","particle","uses","a","certain","set","of","the","forces","to","interact","with","other","particles","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Quarks, for example, can interact with each other with electromagnetism and the strong nuclear force, but electrons don't use the strong force, just electromagnetism.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":16,"token_start":10},{"end":165,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":106,"token_end":28,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Quarks",",","for","example",",","can","interact","with","each","other","with","electromagnetism","and","the","strong","nuclear","force",",","but","electrons","do","n't","use","the","strong","force",",","just","electromagnetism","."],"tags":[1,0,13,14,0,15,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The quarks exchange strong force bosons, communicating the strong nuclear attraction to each other,","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","quarks","exchange","strong","force","bosons",",","communicating","the","strong","nuclear","attraction","to","each","other",","],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"while the protons they build exchange particles of electromagnetism, photons, with the electrons.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["while","the","protons","they","build","exchange","particles","of","electromagnetism",",","photons",",","with","the","electrons","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Thus, the quarks end up locked up in nuclei, while the electrons remain attached by their electric attraction, building atoms.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Thus",",","the","quarks","end","up","locked","up","in","nuclei",",","while","the","electrons","remain","attached","by","their","electric","attraction",",","building","atoms","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,31,32,33,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"if you zoom in far enough on anything, you just get 17 particles emerging from underlying fields, playing a game with four rules.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":96,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":17,"token_start":14},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":24,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["if","you","zoom","in","far","enough","on","anything",",","you","just","get","17","particles","emerging","from","underlying","fields",",","playing","a","game","with","four","rules","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To summarize, in the most basic form we know right now, this is what things are.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["To","summarize",",","in","the","most","basic","form","we","know","right","now",",","this","is","what","things","are","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This theory is what physicists call the standard model of particle physics.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","theory","is","what","physicists","call","the","standard","model","of","particle","physics","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You are basically nothing more than disturbances on an ocean that's excited by energy and guided by forces that make up the rules of the universe.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":144,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":26,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","are","basically","nothing","more","than","disturbances","on","an","ocean","that","'s","excited","by","energy","and","guided","by","forces","that","make","up","the","rules","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But why? And what is a force?","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","why","?","And","what","is","a","force","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,0,11,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"We'll have to explore a few more simple questions to get to the bottom of this.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","'ll","have","to","explore","a","few","more","simple","questions","to","get","to","the","bottom","of","this","."],"tags":[1,15,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We made some wallpapers from some of the graphics in this video.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","made","some","wallpapers","from","some","of","the","graphics","in","this","video","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You can get them on patreon.com.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","can","get","them","on","patreon.com","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If you want to help us make more videos, you can do so there.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","help","us","make","more","videos",",","you","can","do","so","there","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,0]}
{"text":"We really appreciate your support.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","really","appreciate","your","support","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"While you decide, here are some more videos we made.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["While","you","decide",",","here","are","some","more","videos","we","made","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Playing around with nuclear weapons in videos is fun.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Playing","around","with","nuclear","weapons","in","videos","is","fun","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"There's a visceral joy in blowing things up and a horrifying fascination with things like fireballs, shockwaves and radiation.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":125,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","a","visceral","joy","in","blowing","things","up","and","a","horrifying","fascination","with","things","like","fireballs",",","shockwaves","and","radiation","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And while it does help put our destructive power in perspective, it's not the best way of understanding the real impact of a nuclear explosion.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":142,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":26,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","while","it","does","help","put","our","destructive","power","in","perspective",",","it","'s","not","the","best","way","of","understanding","the","real","impact","of","a","nuclear","explosion","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This isn't about silly stacks of TNT or about how bright an explosion is.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","n't","about","silly","stacks","of","TNT","or","about","how","bright","an","explosion","is","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Nuclear weapons are about you.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Nuclear","weapons","are","about","you","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"So we've partnered with the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement to explore what would really happen if a nuclear weapon were detonated in a major city today.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":156,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":28,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","we","'ve","partnered","with","the","Red","Cross","and","Red","Crescent","Movement","to","explore","what","would","really","happen","if","a","nuclear","weapon","were","detonated","in","a","major","city","today","."],"tags":[0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We begin our story in the middle of downtown in a major city.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","begin","our","story","in","the","middle","of","downtown","in","a","major","city","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"People are going to work, studying for exams, are lost in their thoughts and daily lives.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["People","are","going","to","work",",","studying","for","exams",",","are","lost","in","their","thoughts","and","daily","lives","."],"tags":[1,17,18,18,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Right here, a nuclear weapon is detonated and time freezes.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Right","here",",","a","nuclear","weapon","is","detonated","and","time","freezes","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"The first phase of the explosion happens within less than a second.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","first","phase","of","the","explosion","happens","within","less","than","a","second","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In a millisecond, a ball of plasma hotter than the sun appears and grows in a fireball to more than 2 kilometers across.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","a","millisecond",",","a","ball","of","plasma","hotter","than","the","sun","appears","and","grows","in","a","fireball","to","more","than","2","kilometers","across","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Within this ball, everyone is just gone.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Within","this","ball",",","everyone","is","just","gone","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"Think of water dripped onto a very hot pan.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Think","of","water","dripped","onto","a","very","hot","pan","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"All evaporated.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["All","evaporated","."],"tags":[1,23,0]}
{"text":"First, the flash, an intense tsunami of light, washes over the city in an instant.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["First",",","the","flash",",","an","intense","tsunami","of","light",",","washes","over","the","city","in","an","instant","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,0,39,40,40,40,40,0,25,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you happen to have your head pointed in the direction of the explosion, it renders you blind for a few hours.","spans":[{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":95,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":22,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","you","happen","to","have","your","head","pointed","in","the","direction","of","the","explosion",",","it","renders","you","blind","for","a","few","hours","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,33,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The heat of this light produces a thermal pulse, so energetic and hot that it just burns everything as far as 13 kilometers from the detonation site.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":147,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":27,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","heat","of","this","light","produces","a","thermal","pulse",",","so","energetic","and","hot","that","it","just","burns","everything","as","far","as","13","kilometers","from","the","detonation","site","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"What this means is that everything in an area of 500 square kilometers that is able to burn starts burning.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","this","means","is","that","everything","in","an","area","of","500","square","kilometers","that","is","able","to","burn","starts","burning","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you happen to be in reach of the thermal pulse, one moment you're on your way to work, the next moment you're on fire.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","you","happen","to","be","in","reach","of","the","thermal","pulse",",","one","moment","you","'re","on","your","way","to","work",",","the","next","moment","you","'re","on","fire","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Now the second phase begins.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Now","the","second","phase","begins","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,25,0]}
{"text":"It happens in a few seconds.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","happens","in","a","few","seconds","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Most people will now first notice that something is wrong, but it's already too late for hundreds of thousands.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Most","people","will","now","first","notice","that","something","is","wrong",",","but","it","'s","already","too","late","for","hundreds","of","thousands","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,13,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The flash is followed by the shockwave.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","flash","is","followed","by","the","shockwave","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The heat and radiation of the fireball create a bubble of superheated and super compressed air around it that's now expanding explosively.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","heat","and","radiation","of","the","fireball","create","a","bubble","of","superheated","and","super","compressed","air","around","it","that","'s","now","expanding","explosively","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Human infrastructure is no match for its power.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Human","infrastructure","is","no","match","for","its","power","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Most major buildings within a kilometer of the fireball are just ground up down to their base.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Most","major","buildings","within","a","kilometer","of","the","fireball","are","just","ground","up","down","to","their","base","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Only steel reinforced concrete is able to partially resist the pressure.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Only","steel","reinforced","concrete","is","able","to","partially","resist","the","pressure","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In the surrounding parks where retirees feed the ducks, trees blackened and smoldering from the heat a second before snap like toothpicks.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":115,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":19,"token_start":10},{"end":120,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":117,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":136,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":122,"token_end":22,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["In","the","surrounding","parks","where","retirees","feed","the","ducks",",","trees","blackened","and","smoldering","from","the","heat","a","second","before","snap","like","toothpicks","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If you're outside, you get tossed away like a grain of dust in a tornado.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","outside",",","you","get","tossed","away","like","a","grain","of","dust","in","a","tornado","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The shockwave weakens as it travels outwards,","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","shockwave","weakens","as","it","travels","outwards",","],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Still, about 175 square kilometers of houses collapse like they're made of cards,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Still",",","about","175","square","kilometers","of","houses","collapse","like","they","'re","made","of","cards",","],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Gas stations explode and fire spread throughout the rubble.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Gas","stations","explode","and","fire","spread","throughout","the","rubble","."],"tags":[1,2,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A mushroom cloud made from the remains of the fireball, dust and ash, rises kilometers into the sky in the next few minutes and casts a dark shadow over the ruined city.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":70,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":19,"token_start":17},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":24,"token_start":20},{"end":168,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":128,"token_end":33,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["A","mushroom","cloud","made","from","the","remains","of","the","fireball",",","dust","and","ash",",","rises","kilometers","into","the","sky","in","the","next","few","minutes","and","casts","a","dark","shadow","over","the","ruined","city","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,25,13,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This violently pulls in fresh air surrounding the city, destroying more buildings and providing an abundance of oxygen.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["This","violently","pulls","in","fresh","air","surrounding","the","city",",","destroying","more","buildings","and","providing","an","abundance","of","oxygen","."],"tags":[1,13,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It depends on the city what happens next.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","depends","on","the","city","what","happens","next","."],"tags":[3,25,13,14,14,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"If there's enough fuel, fires may turn into a firestorm that burns the rubble, everybody trapped in it and people trying to flee the devastation.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["If","there","'s","enough","fuel",",","fires","may","turn","into","a","firestorm","that","burns","the","rubble",",","everybody","trapped","in","it","and","people","trying","to","flee","the","devastation","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Up to 21 kilometers from the explosion, people just like you rush to their windows to take pictures of the mushroom cloud,","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Up","to","21","kilometers","from","the","explosion",",","people","just","like","you","rush","to","their","windows","to","take","pictures","of","the","mushroom","cloud",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The third phase begins in the coming hours and days.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","third","phase","begins","in","the","coming","hours","and","days","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We're used to the idea that help will come no matter the disaster.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","'re","used","to","the","idea","that","help","will","come","no","matter","the","disaster","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This time is different.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","time","is","different","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"A nuclear explosion is like every natural disaster at once.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","nuclear","explosion","is","like","every","natural","disaster","at","once","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There are hundreds of thousands or millions of people with serious injuries, lacerations, broken bones, serious burns.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":117,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","hundreds","of","thousands","or","millions","of","people","with","serious","injuries",",","lacerations",",","broken","bones",",","serious","burns","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In the next few minutes and hours, thousands more will die because of these injuries.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","the","next","few","minutes","and","hours",",","thousands","more","will","die","because","of","these","injuries","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Countless people are trapped in collapsed buildings like in earthquakes or blinded by the flash,","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Countless","people","are","trapped","in","collapsed","buildings","like","in","earthquakes","or","blinded","by","the","flash",","],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They're terrified, confused and don't know what's happened to them or why.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","'re","terrified",",","confused","and","do","n't","know","what","'s","happened","to","them","or","why","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Most likely, many hospitals have been leveled along with all the other buildings and most medical professionals are either dead or injured along with everyone else.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":163,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":85,"token_end":26,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Most","likely",",","many","hospitals","have","been","leveled","along","with","all","the","other","buildings","and","most","medical","professionals","are","either","dead","or","injured","along","with","everyone","else","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The survivors lucky enough to have been in metro tunnels or standing in the right place to be unburned and unhurt won't have truly escaped harm yet.","spans":[{"end":112,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":20,"token_start":0},{"end":115,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":114,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":118,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":116,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":123,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":120,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":125,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":137,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":131,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":142,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":139,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":146,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":144,"token_end":27,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["The","survivors","lucky","enough","to","have","been","in","metro","tunnels","or","standing","in","the","right","place","to","be","unburned","and","unhurt","wo","n't","have","truly","escaped","harm","yet","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,15,13,29,5,13,0]}
{"text":"Depending on the type of weapon, where it explodes and even the weather, an awful black rain can begin,","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":91,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":18,"token_start":15},{"end":95,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":93,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":101,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":97,"token_end":20,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Depending","on","the","type","of","weapon",",","where","it","explodes","and","even","the","weather",",","an","awful","black","rain","can","begin",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"The invisible, malicious, silent horror of radiation takes its turn.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","invisible",",","malicious",",","silent","horror","of","radiation","takes","its","turn","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Every breath carries poison to the lungs of the survivors.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Every","breath","carries","poison","to","the","lungs","of","the","survivors","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Over the coming days, the people who receive the highest doses of radiation exposure will die.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":14,"token_start":5},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":90,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Over","the","coming","days",",","the","people","who","receive","the","highest","doses","of","radiation","exposure","will","die","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"There will be no help, not for hours or maybe even days.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["There","will","be","no","help",",","not","for","hours","or","maybe","even","days","."],"tags":[3,15,21,1,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Civilization doesn't operate when there is a total breakdown of infrastructure.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Civilization","does","n't","operate","when","there","is","a","total","breakdown","of","infrastructure","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Help from surrounding cities will have a hard time entering the disaster zone and even if they can, the radioactive contamination will make it risky to get too close.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":165,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":82,"token_end":29,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Help","from","surrounding","cities","will","have","a","hard","time","entering","the","disaster","zone","and","even","if","they","can",",","the","radioactive","contamination","will","make","it","risky","to","get","too","close","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"After a nuclear attack, you're on your own.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["After","a","nuclear","attack",",","you","'re","on","your","own","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So, bit by bit, people emerge from the rubble, on foot, contaminated with radioactive fallout, carrying what little they may have left.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":18,"token_start":15},{"end":134,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":26,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["So",",","bit","by","bit",",","people","emerge","from","the","rubble",",","on","foot",",","contaminated","with","radioactive","fallout",",","carrying","what","little","they","may","have","left","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,0,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They are slow, in pain, traumatized, and they all need food, water and medical treatment fast.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["They","are","slow",",","in","pain",",","traumatized",",","and","they","all","need","food",",","water","and","medical","treatment","fast","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And the damage done by a nuclear weapon doesn't end when the fires burn out and the smoke clears.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","the","damage","done","by","a","nuclear","weapon","does","n't","end","when","the","fires","burn","out","and","the","smoke","clears","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The hospitals in the neighboring cities are under-equipped for a disaster of this scale and overwhelmed with tens or hundreds of thousands of patients with serious injuries.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":171,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":28,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","hospitals","in","the","neighboring","cities","are","under","-","equipped","for","a","disaster","of","this","scale","and","overwhelmed","with","tens","or","hundreds","of","thousands","of","patients","with","serious","injuries","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In the weeks, months and years to come, many of those who survived will succumb to cancers like leukemia.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":72,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":20,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["In","the","weeks",",","months","and","years","to","come",",","many","of","those","who","survived","will","succumb","to","cancers","like","leukemia","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The reason no government wants you to think about all this is because there is no serious humanitarian response possible to a nuclear explosion.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":143,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","reason","no","government","wants","you","to","think","about","all","this","is","because","there","is","no","serious","humanitarian","response","possible","to","a","nuclear","explosion","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There's no way to really help the immediate victims of a nuclear attack.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","no","way","to","really","help","the","immediate","victims","of","a","nuclear","attack","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This is not a hurricane, wildfire or earthquake or nuclear accident.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","not","a","hurricane",",","wildfire","or","earthquake","or","nuclear","accident","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It is all of these things at once, but worse.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","is","all","of","these","things","at","once",",","but","worse","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"No nation on Earth is prepared to deal with it.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["No","nation","on","Earth","is","prepared","to","deal","with","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The world has changed in the past few years, with world leaders again explicitly and publicly threatening each other with nuclear weapons.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":136,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","world","has","changed","in","the","past","few","years",",","with","world","leaders","again","explicitly","and","publicly","threatening","each","other","with","nuclear","weapons","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Many experts think the danger of a nuclear strike is higher than it has been in decades.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Many","experts","think","the","danger","of","a","nuclear","strike","is","higher","than","it","has","been","in","decades","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Governments tell their citizens that it's good that we have nuclear weapons, but it's bad when anyone else gets them.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":4},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Governments","tell","their","citizens","that","it","'s","good","that","we","have","nuclear","weapons",",","but","it","'s","bad","when","anyone","else","gets","them","."],"tags":[1,19,9,10,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"That it's somehow necessary to threaten others with mass destruction to keep us safe.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["That","it","'s","somehow","necessary","to","threaten","others","with","mass","destruction","to","keep","us","safe","."],"tags":[0,3,21,13,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But does this make you feel safe?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","does","this","make","you","feel","safe","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,19,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"It only takes a small group of people with power to go crazy or rogue, a small misstep or a simple misunderstanding to unleash a catastrophe of unimaginable proportions.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","only","takes","a","small","group","of","people","with","power","to","go","crazy","or","rogue",",","a","small","misstep","or","a","simple","misunderstanding","to","unleash","a","catastrophe","of","unimaginable","proportions","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Exploding stuff in videos is fun.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Exploding","stuff","in","videos","is","fun","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"There is a solution though.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["There","is","a","solution","though","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,13,0]}
{"text":"and the international Red Cross and Red Crescent movement, agreed to prohibit and eliminate nuclear weapons.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":107,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["and","the","international","Red","Cross","and","Red","Crescent","movement",",","agreed","to","prohibit","and","eliminate","nuclear","weapons","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,23,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"It's not about who has nuclear weapons and who doesn't.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","about","who","has","nuclear","weapons","and","who","does","n't","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The weapons themselves are the problem.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","weapons","themselves","are","the","problem","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"They are deeply immoral and an existential threat to all of us.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","deeply","immoral","and","an","existential","threat","to","all","of","us","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"No matter what country you come from, no matter what political side you find yourself on, we need to demand that they disappear forever.","spans":[{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":97,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":93,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":135,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":25,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["No","matter","what","country","you","come","from",",","no","matter","what","political","side","you","find","yourself","on",",","we","need","to","demand","that","they","disappear","forever","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This will not happen without pressure.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","will","not","happen","without","pressure","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If you want to be part of this pressure, there are things you personally can do too.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","be","part","of","this","pressure",",","there","are","things","you","personally","can","do","too","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Visit notanukes.org to learn more about nuclear weapons and what you can do about them.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Visit","notanukes.org","to","learn","more","about","nuclear","weapons","and","what","you","can","do","about","them","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What would happen if we were to detonate a very, very powerful nuclear weapon on the Moon?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","would","happen","if","we","were","to","detonate","a","very",",","very","powerful","nuclear","weapon","on","the","Moon","?"],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Would the explosion knock its orbit towards Earth, causing tidal waves and misery?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Would","the","explosion","knock","its","orbit","towards","Earth",",","causing","tidal","waves","and","misery","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,19,5,6,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Could the Moon be destroyed, showering the Earth in a rain of meteoric death?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Could","the","Moon","be","destroyed",",","showering","the","Earth","in","a","rain","of","meteoric","death","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,15,29,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"During the Cold War, the Moon was a major target for space exploration and, you know, military bases.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["During","the","Cold","War",",","the","Moon","was","a","major","target","for","space","exploration","and",",","you","know",",","military","bases","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So, the US Air Force commissioned a serious study into the effects of a nuclear detonation on the surface of the Moon.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":117,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So",",","the","US","Air","Force","commissioned","a","serious","study","into","the","effects","of","a","nuclear","detonation","on","the","surface","of","the","Moon","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But just quoting stuff is boring, so let's conduct a very important scientific experiment with an imaginary 100 megaton thermonuclear warhead","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":141,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","just","quoting","stuff","is","boring",",","so","let","'s","conduct","a","very","important","scientific","experiment","with","an","imaginary","100","megaton","thermonuclear","warhead"],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42]}
{"text":"We'll also place a number of curious astronauts around the Moon as observers.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","'ll","also","place","a","number","of","curious","astronauts","around","the","Moon","as","observers","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's push the button and slow down time.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","push","the","button","and","slow","down","time","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"For the first few milliseconds, nothing much happens outside our weapon.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["For","the","first","few","milliseconds",",","nothing","much","happens","outside","our","weapon","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Meanwhile, inside, high explosives send a shockwave to a radioactive metal core, compressing it so much that it reaches criticality and starts a nuclear fission chain reaction.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":174,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":29,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Meanwhile",",","inside",",","high","explosives","send","a","shockwave","to","a","radioactive","metal","core",",","compressing","it","so","much","that","it","reaches","criticality","and","starts","a","nuclear","fission","chain","reaction","."],"tags":[13,0,13,0,1,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The 100 million degree plasma created in this first stage sets off the second stage with atomic nuclei fusing like they do in the core of a star.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":27,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","100","million","degree","plasma","created","in","this","first","stage","sets","off","the","second","stage","with","atomic","nuclei","fusing","like","they","do","in","the","core","of","a","star","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Very briefly, our weapon contains one of the hottest places in the Universe.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Very","briefly",",","our","weapon","contains","one","of","the","hottest","places","in","the","Universe","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And only now, barely 10 milliseconds later, does the rest of the Universe find out that anything has happened as suddenly the bomb dissolves and a flaming star of nuclear death is born.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":20,"token_start":17},{"end":184,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":34,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["And","only","now",",","barely","10","milliseconds","later",",","does","the","rest","of","the","Universe","find","out","that","anything","has","happened","as","suddenly","the","bomb","dissolves","and","a","flaming","star","of","nuclear","death","is","born","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,15,1,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But everything that happens now is very different from what we're used to on Earth because of one major difference.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":15,"token_start":6},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","everything","that","happens","now","is","very","different","from","what","we","'re","used","to","on","Earth","because","of","one","major","difference","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There's no atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","no","atmosphere","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"As the fireball shines, it releases a flash of X-rays and thermal photons, a wave of silent heat which rushes outwards in all directions.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":135,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":27,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["As","the","fireball","shines",",","it","releases","a","flash","of","X","-","rays","and","thermal","photons",",","a","wave","of","silent","heat","which","rushes","outwards","in","all","directions","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"On Earth, this heat would char and burn everything within a 50 km radius at least.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["On","Earth",",","this","heat","would","char","and","burn","everything","within","a","50","km","radius","at","least","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But on the Moon, without an atmosphere and oxygen-rich air, there's no burning at all.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":67,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":85,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","on","the","Moon",",","without","an","atmosphere","and","oxygen","-","rich","air",",","there","'s","no","burning","at","all","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Also, there are no things to burn.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Also",",","there","are","no","things","to","burn","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The crunchy topsoil of the Moon is made from silicate rock and metals chewed to dust by eons of meteorite impacts mixed with tiny traces of water.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":69,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","crunchy","topsoil","of","the","Moon","is","made","from","silicate","rock","and","metals","chewed","to","dust","by","eons","of","meteorite","impacts","mixed","with","tiny","traces","of","water","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,35,36,36,36,36,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"When heated by the explosion, X-rays from the fireball vaporize a thin cloud of rock from the lunar surface while the unlucky dust that's inside the fireball melts into glass.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":21,"token_start":13},{"end":174,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":108,"token_end":33,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["When","heated","by","the","explosion",",","X","-","rays","from","the","fireball","vaporize","a","thin","cloud","of","rock","from","the","lunar","surface","while","the","unlucky","dust","that","'s","inside","the","fireball","melts","into","glass","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Any astronauts watching the show within about 50 km can expect to be fried.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Any","astronauts","watching","the","show","within","about","50","km","can","expect","to","be","fried","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And now we begin to see one of the biggest differences between explosions in space and on Earth.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","now","we","begin","to","see","one","of","the","biggest","differences","between","explosions","in","space","and","on","Earth","."],"tags":[0,13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"On Earth, the atmosphere fights back against the plasma bubble.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","Earth",",","the","atmosphere","fights","back","against","the","plasma","bubble","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Its expansion is violently stopped within moments by the pressure of the atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Its","expansion","is","violently","stopped","within","moments","by","the","pressure","of","the","atmosphere","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,29,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But this is not good news.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","this","is","not","good","news","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"When the fireball rams the atmosphere, it produces the most destructive part of a nuclear explosion on Earth, the shockwave.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":122,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["When","the","fireball","rams","the","atmosphere",",","it","produces","the","most","destructive","part","of","a","nuclear","explosion","on","Earth",",","the","shockwave","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Compressed air around the explosion rushes out faster than the speed of sound, shattering buildings and roaring so loud it ruptures organs.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":43,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":138,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Compressed","air","around","the","explosion","rushes","out","faster","than","the","speed","of","sound",",","shattering","buildings","and","roaring","so","loud","it","ruptures","organs","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But on the Moon, there is no shockwave.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","on","the","Moon",",","there","is","no","shockwave","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"No atmosphere means nothing to impede the expanding explosion in space.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["No","atmosphere","means","nothing","to","impede","the","expanding","explosion","in","space","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"On the Moon, the fireball just grows in eerie silence as there's no atmosphere to stop it or to give it a voice.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["On","the","Moon",",","the","fireball","just","grows","in","eerie","silence","as","there","'s","no","atmosphere","to","stop","it","or","to","give","it","a","voice","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,13,25,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This would be an amazing thing to watch from a safe distance.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","would","be","an","amazing","thing","to","watch","from","a","safe","distance","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, there's hardly any safe viewing distance for a nuclear explosion on the Moon.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":91,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","there","'s","hardly","any","safe","viewing","distance","for","a","nuclear","explosion","on","the","Moon","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Without an atmosphere weakening the deadly ionizing radiation that can scramble DNA, anyone close enough to get a good look will be exposed to fatal amounts of radiation.","spans":[{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":122,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":20,"token_start":13},{"end":127,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":124,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":130,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":129,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":138,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":132,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":168,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":140,"token_end":28,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["Without","an","atmosphere","weakening","the","deadly","ionizing","radiation","that","can","scramble","DNA",",","anyone","close","enough","to","get","a","good","look","will","be","exposed","to","fatal","amounts","of","radiation","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But of course, that's not all.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","of","course",",","that","'s","not","all","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"While all of this happens, the explosion hammers against the Moon, transferring about a tenth of the explosion energy into seismic waves, powering an intense Moonquake.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":166,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":28,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["While","all","of","this","happens",",","the","explosion","hammers","against","the","Moon",",","transferring","about","a","tenth","of","the","explosion","energy","into","seismic","waves",",","powering","an","intense","Moonquake","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The Moon is much smaller than the Earth, and our astronauts will feel an inescapable violent shaking no matter where they're standing.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":133,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":23,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","Moon","is","much","smaller","than","the","Earth",",","and","our","astronauts","will","feel","an","inescapable","violent","shaking","no","matter","where","they","'re","standing","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Comparable to an earthquake of 7 on the Richter scale, this shaking could seriously damage or even level infrastructure we might have built anywhere on the Moon.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":84,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":160,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":94,"token_end":27,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Comparable","to","an","earthquake","of","7","on","the","Richter","scale",",","this","shaking","could","seriously","damage","or","even","level","infrastructure","we","might","have","built","anywhere","on","the","Moon","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,13,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Those who hid on the far side of the Moon would have no idea it was an explosion.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Those","who","hid","on","the","far","side","of","the","Moon","would","have","no","idea","it","was","an","explosion","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,31,32,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The quaking would feel like an asteroid the size of the Great Pyramid had struck.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","quaking","would","feel","like","an","asteroid","the","size","of","the","Great","Pyramid","had","struck","."],"tags":[1,2,15,31,32,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And it's not over yet.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","it","'s","not","over","yet","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,13,0]}
{"text":"Where our bomb explodes, the ground splatters like water when a rock strikes a pond.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Where","our","bomb","explodes",",","the","ground","splatters","like","water","when","a","rock","strikes","a","pond","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As the explosion pushes against the surface, it may excavate as much as 100 million cubic meters of dust and rock, forming a crater 8 km across while bedrock is pulverized to rubble.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":21,"token_start":11},{"end":180,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":115,"token_end":34,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["As","the","explosion","pushes","against","the","surface",",","it","may","excavate","as","much","as","100","million","cubic","meters","of","dust","and","rock",",","forming","a","crater","8","km","across","while","bedrock","is","pulverized","to","rubble","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Debris is shot into the sky in every direction.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Debris","is","shot","into","the","sky","in","every","direction","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Again, without an atmosphere, there's no drag to slow any of it down.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Again",",","without","an","atmosphere",",","there","'s","no","drag","to","slow","any","of","it","down","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Much of the debris scattered never returns to the Moon, flying off faster than escape velocity.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Much","of","the","debris","scattered","never","returns","to","the","Moon",",","flying","off","faster","than","escape","velocity","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,37,25,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A flurry of micrometeorites have been cast off to explore the solar system, many of which will rain down on the Earth, though few will be larger than pebbles.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","flurry","of","micrometeorites","have","been","cast","off","to","explore","the","solar","system",",","many","of","which","will","rain","down","on","the","Earth",",","though","few","will","be","larger","than","pebbles","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,15,29,35,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Any satellite, astronaut, or space station in the way, though, will have a really bad time.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Any","satellite",",","astronaut",",","or","space","station","in","the","way",",","though",",","will","have","a","really","bad","time","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,13,0,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Micrometeorites are launched at many speeds and angles, allowing them to spread all over the surface of the Moon.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Micrometeorites","are","launched","at","many","speeds","and","angles",",","allowing","them","to","spread","all","over","the","surface","of","the","Moon","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Like bullets, they'll punch through our curious astronauts, no matter where they stand.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Like","bullets",",","they","'ll","punch","through","our","curious","astronauts",",","no","matter","where","they","stand","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,19,35,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Finally, our explosion comes to an end.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Finally",",","our","explosion","comes","to","an","end","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,31,32,32,32,0]}
{"text":"On Earth, the fireball rises like a hot air balloon, forming a sort of stalk.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["On","Earth",",","the","fireball","rises","like","a","hot","air","balloon",",","forming","a","sort","of","stalk","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As it reaches up, cooler air is drawn in around it, rounding the top into a mushroom cloud.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","it","reaches","up",",","cooler","air","is","drawn","in","around","it",",","rounding","the","top","into","a","mushroom","cloud","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,35,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"Within seconds of pulling the trigger, the bubble reddens and fades from view.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Within","seconds","of","pulling","the","trigger",",","the","bubble","reddens","and","fades","from","view","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It would be visible from the Earth, like a star flickering to life, only to fade out right away.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","would","be","visible","from","the","Earth",",","like","a","star","flickering","to","life",",","only","to","fade","out","right","away","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As the cloud of tiny debris reaches far above the surface of the Moon, it's illuminated by the Sun for a few minutes, giving it an eerie beauty for anyone left to observe the spectacle.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":20,"token_start":18},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":24,"token_start":21},{"end":183,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":118,"token_end":37,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["As","the","cloud","of","tiny","debris","reaches","far","above","the","surface","of","the","Moon",",","it","'s","illuminated","by","the","Sun","for","a","few","minutes",",","giving","it","an","eerie","beauty","for","anyone","left","to","observe","the","spectacle","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's basically unchanged.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","basically","unchanged","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Trying to move the Moon with a nuke is like trying to move a truck by blowing on it.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Trying","to","move","the","Moon","with","a","nuke","is","like","trying","to","move","a","truck","by","blowing","on","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Nuclear explosions may be big, but space is bigger.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Nuclear","explosions","may","be","big",",","but","space","is","bigger","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Our mighty explosion just leaves another crater, one among millions.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Our","mighty","explosion","just","leaves","another","crater",",","one","among","millions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Still, anyone on the Moon will continue to not enjoy themselves.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Still",",","anyone","on","the","Moon","will","continue","to","not","enjoy","themselves","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The material that ends up raining back to the Moon is radioactive, and without any natural processes to wash it away or bury it, the surface of the Moon will remain contaminated.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":177,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":71,"token_end":33,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","material","that","ends","up","raining","back","to","the","Moon","is","radioactive",",","and","without","any","natural","processes","to","wash","it","away","or","bury","it",",","the","surface","of","the","Moon","will","remain","contaminated","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Although, fortunately, the worst of the radiation will have decayed to a level comparable to natural levels from cosmic rays in about a year.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":21,"token_start":12},{"end":139,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":125,"token_end":25,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Although",",","fortunately",",","the","worst","of","the","radiation","will","have","decayed","to","a","level","comparable","to","natural","levels","from","cosmic","rays","in","about","a","year","."],"tags":[0,0,13,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In conclusion, we can say with confidence that while the Moon itself does not care about being nuked, and will barely notice,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":124,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":23,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","conclusion",",","we","can","say","with","confidence","that","while","the","Moon","itself","does","not","care","about","being","nuked",",","and","will","barely","notice",","],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"using the Moon as a nuclear test ground kind of ruins it for everyone trying to spend some time there, or to build something useful.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["using","the","Moon","as","a","nuclear","test","ground","kind","of","ruins","it","for","everyone","trying","to","spend","some","time","there",",","or","to","build","something","useful","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,14,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So maybe we should just not do that.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","maybe","we","should","just","not","do","that","."],"tags":[0,13,1,15,13,37,19,5,0]}
{"text":"This was our last video of the year 12,020, and oh dear what an interesting and weird year it's been, in all the worst ways.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":27,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["This","was","our","last","video","of","the","year","12,020",",","and","oh","dear","what","an","interesting","and","weird","year","it","'s","been",",","in","all","the","worst","ways","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But it's finally over.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","finally","over","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"We want to end it by saying thank you.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","want","to","end","it","by","saying","thank","you","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We get to do this channel and work on many exciting things because of you birbs.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","get","to","do","this","channel","and","work","on","many","exciting","things","because","of","you","birbs","."],"tags":[1,17,18,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This year our German channel reached a million subscribers, we launched our Spanish one, and released our first app.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","year","our","German","channel","reached","a","million","subscribers",",","we","launched","our","Spanish","one",",","and","released","our","first","app","."],"tags":[13,14,1,2,2,23,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"If everything goes well, we can finally start our largest new project to date next year, but we know better than to promise too much.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":132,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":93,"token_end":26,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","everything","goes","well",",","we","can","finally","start","our","largest","new","project","to","date","next","year",",","but","we","know","better","than","to","promise","too","much","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"All of this works because you support us directly.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["All","of","this","works","because","you","support","us","directly","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so much.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"We genuinely appreciate it.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","genuinely","appreciate","it","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,0]}
{"text":"we've made a new minimalistic infographic poster about the Moon and how incredibly far away it is.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["we","'ve","made","a","new","minimalistic","infographic","poster","about","the","Moon","and","how","incredibly","far","away","it","is","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Also there's a baby duck, our cutest plushie yet, a new duck and friends enamel mug, our new ocean explorer notebook, and so much more.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":134,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":29,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Also","there","'s","a","baby","duck",",","our","cutest","plushie","yet",",","a","new","duck","and","friends","enamel","mug",",","our","new","ocean","explorer","notebook",",","and","so","much","more","."],"tags":[13,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"All made with love and care.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["All","made","with","love","and","care","."],"tags":[1,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let us know what you like and we'll make more of it.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Let","us","know","what","you","like","and","we","'ll","make","more","of","it","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Okay, let's wrap up this video and this year.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Okay",",","let","'s","wrap","up","this","video","and","this","year","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Thank you again for watching and caring and sharing.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Thank","you","again","for","watching","and","caring","and","sharing","."],"tags":[19,5,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We hope that you slide peacefully into the year 12,021.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","hope","that","you","slide","peacefully","into","the","year","12,021","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's all hope it will be a really boring year.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","all","hope","it","will","be","a","really","boring","year","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Here in the Kurzgesagt labs, we only work on the most important scientific problems like what if we nuke stuff? Or how about we make this elephant explode?","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":154,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":29,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Here","in","the","Kurzgesagt","labs",",","we","only","work","on","the","most","important","scientific","problems","like","what","if","we","nuke","stuff","?","Or","how","about","we","make","this","elephant","explode","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Or who could forget, look at this thing, it's really big.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Or","who","could","forget",",","look","at","this","thing",",","it","'s","really","big","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Continuing this proud tradition, let's explore the scientific mystery of what would happen to you if Earth suddenly turned into gold.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":132,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Continuing","this","proud","tradition",",","let","'s","explore","the","scientific","mystery","of","what","would","happen","to","you","if","Earth","suddenly","turned","into","gold","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Before we can explore this scenario with science, we'll first define the premise.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Before","we","can","explore","this","scenario","with","science",",","we","'ll","first","define","the","premise","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Midas' curse is a very special phenomenon called magic, which allows us to modify physics.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Midas","'","curse","is","a","very","special","phenomenon","called","magic",",","which","allows","us","to","modify","physics","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So what happens when Midas touches something and it turns to gold?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","what","happens","when","Midas","touches","something","and","it","turns","to","gold","?"],"tags":[0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"An atom of gold has 79 protons and 118 neutrons in its nucleus.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["An","atom","of","gold","has","79","protons","and","118","neutrons","in","its","nucleus","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The electric force of the protons on the electrons around them shapes the atom and gives gold its chemical properties,","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":117,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":83,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","electric","force","of","the","protons","on","the","electrons","around","them","shapes","the","atom","and","gives","gold","its","chemical","properties",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So to make not-gold into gold, we have to change atoms.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":41,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","to","make","not","-","gold","into","gold",",","we","have","to","change","atoms","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Let's say Midas touches a duck.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","say","Midas","touches","a","duck","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"All the light elements, like hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen, gain electrons and protons and neutrons to become gold.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":18,"token_start":14},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":21,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["All","the","light","elements",",","like","hydrogen",",","carbon",",","and","oxygen",",","gain","electrons","and","protons","and","neutrons","to","become","gold","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The gold atoms are far closer together than they like and repel each other violently,","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":84,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","gold","atoms","are","far","closer","together","than","they","like","and","repel","each","other","violently",","],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is clearly not a very good way for Midas' power to work.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","is","clearly","not","a","very","good","way","for","Midas","'","power","to","work","."],"tags":[1,21,13,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So what if instead, Midas' power uses the atoms that are already present and simply rearranges all particles in the matter he touches into gold?","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":143,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":26,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So","what","if","instead",",","Midas","'","power","uses","the","atoms","that","are","already","present","and","simply","rearranges","all","particles","in","the","matter","he","touches","into","gold","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"No matter is created or destroyed.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["No","matter","is","created","or","destroyed","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,0,41,0]}
{"text":"Instead, atoms dissolve and the protons, neutrons, and electrons are reassembled to make gold.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Instead",",","atoms","dissolve","and","the","protons",",","neutrons",",","and","electrons","are","reassembled","to","make","gold","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"However, gold is very dense, about 20 times denser than a duck.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["However",",","gold","is","very","dense",",","about","20","times","denser","than","a","duck","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Without adding any matter, the gold duck would be a very awkward kind of foamy gold with lots of tiny microscopic gaps.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":117,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Without","adding","any","matter",",","the","gold","duck","would","be","a","very","awkward","kind","of","foamy","gold","with","lots","of","tiny","microscopic","gaps","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This is funky and doesn't explode, which is progress.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","is","funky","and","does","n't","explode",",","which","is","progress","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Now that we've established a sort of magic that works, what would happen if Midas stumbles?","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Now","that","we","'ve","established","a","sort","of","magic","that","works",",","what","would","happen","if","Midas","stumbles","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's freeze time for just a moment and rearrange all the matter in the Earth.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":77,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","freeze","time","for","just","a","moment","and","rearrange","all","the","matter","in","the","Earth","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Just like the duck, the Earth is now solid gold, but with many tiny atomic scale gaps.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Just","like","the","duck",",","the","Earth","is","now","solid","gold",",","but","with","many","tiny","atomic","scale","gaps","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While these gaps weren't a huge deal for the duck, they're a big problem for the Earth.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["While","these","gaps","were","n't","a","huge","deal","for","the","duck",",","they","'re","a","big","problem","for","the","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A spongy planet is not a thing that can exist, as gravity compresses Earth, squeezing it together to close up the gaps.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["A","spongy","planet","is","not","a","thing","that","can","exist",",","as","gravity","compresses","Earth",",","squeezing","it","together","to","close","up","the","gaps","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As a result, the Earth contracts, shrinking to two-thirds of its radius.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["As","a","result",",","the","Earth","contracts",",","shrinking","to","two","-","thirds","of","its","radius","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,25,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you're standing on Earth's surface, you'll suddenly find yourself in freefall, like on a roller coaster, as the ground sinks away beneath you.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":80,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":21,"token_start":17},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":108,"token_end":29,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","standing","on","Earth","'s","surface",",","you","'ll","suddenly","find","yourself","in","freefall",",","like","on","a","roller","coaster",",","as","the","ground","sinks","away","beneath","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,33,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But since the ground is falling too, it doesn't move away from you.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","since","the","ground","is","falling","too",",","it","does","n't","move","away","from","you","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It feels like someone turned off gravity, and you and everything else would begin to float.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","feels","like","someone","turned","off","gravity",",","and","you","and","everything","else","would","begin","to","float","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But the ride doesn't last forever.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","the","ride","does","n't","last","forever","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,37,19,13,0]}
{"text":"It takes only ten minutes for everything to crash down, and a weird ten minutes it is indeed.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["It","takes","only","ten","minutes","for","everything","to","crash","down",",","and","a","weird","ten","minutes","it","is","indeed","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And then, as abruptly as it started, it stops.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","then",",","as","abruptly","as","it","started",",","it","stops","."],"tags":[0,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,0]}
{"text":"The collapsing Earth has reached its desired size, and gravity is suddenly turned back on for you.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","collapsing","Earth","has","reached","its","desired","size",",","and","gravity","is","suddenly","turned","back","on","for","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Hopefully you enjoyed your minutes of floating, because the ground and you with it crash into the planet at 30,000 km an hour,","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":23,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Hopefully","you","enjoyed","your","minutes","of","floating",",","because","the","ground","and","you","with","it","crash","into","the","planet","at","30,000","km","an","hour",","],"tags":[13,1,23,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In one instant, basically all of humanity gets smashed into red puddles.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","one","instant",",","basically","all","of","humanity","gets","smashed","into","red","puddles","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,1,2,2,15,29,35,36,36,0]}
{"text":"This is only the start of our problems, though, since Earth imploded supersonically.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["This","is","only","the","start","of","our","problems",",","though",",","since","Earth","imploded","supersonically","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The kinetic energy of the implosion is basically equivalent to detonating a planet made of TNT.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":93,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","kinetic","energy","of","the","implosion","is","basically","equivalent","to","detonating","a","planet","made","of","TNT","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Crushed together under incredible forces, Earth's core reaches a million degrees Celsius,","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Crushed","together","under","incredible","forces",",","Earth","'s","core","reaches","a","million","degrees","Celsius",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As the Earth crashes into itself, it generates an enormously powerful shockwave, which plows upwards, catapulting the atmosphere up and off.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":138,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["As","the","Earth","crashes","into","itself",",","it","generates","an","enormously","powerful","shockwave",",","which","plows","upwards",",","catapulting","the","atmosphere","up","and","off","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The Earth's surface temperature reaches hundreds of thousands of degrees,","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","Earth","'s","surface","temperature","reaches","hundreds","of","thousands","of","degrees",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"and everything on it is instantly vaporized to a fluffy plasma cloud that starts to expand, but not by much.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":15,"token_start":7},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":20,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["and","everything","on","it","is","instantly","vaporized","to","a","fluffy","plasma","cloud","that","starts","to","expand",",","but","not","by","much","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Many of the atoms that may have been new get mixed into this cloud, while others boil off, escaping from the atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Many","of","the","atoms","that","may","have","been","new","get","mixed","into","this","cloud",",","while","others","boil","off",",","escaping","from","the","atmosphere","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,35,36,36,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The golden plasma outshines the Sun, while the enormous radiation lifts tons of material off into space.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","golden","plasma","outshines","the","Sun",",","while","the","enormous","radiation","lifts","tons","of","material","off","into","space","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Over the coming days, the plasma cloud cools and eventually freezes into a shiny little golden ball.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Over","the","coming","days",",","the","plasma","cloud","cools","and","eventually","freezes","into","a","shiny","little","golden","ball","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Okay, maybe this type of magic doesn't work.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Okay",",","maybe","this","type","of","magic","does","n't","work","."],"tags":[0,0,13,1,2,2,2,15,37,19,0]}
{"text":"and disassembling and reassembling atoms made the Earth so underdense that it imploded, there must be a sweet spot where the Earth does neither.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":41,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":86,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["and","disassembling","and","reassembling","atoms","made","the","Earth","so","underdense","that","it","imploded",",","there","must","be","a","sweet","spot","where","the","Earth","does","neither","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,23,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"That magic is a little bit more magic, and cuts a few extra corners, but let's see where this leads us.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["That","magic","is","a","little","bit","more","magic",",","and","cuts","a","few","extra","corners",",","but","let","'s","see","where","this","leads","us","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, Midas stumbles again.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So",",","Midas","stumbles","again","."],"tags":[13,0,1,25,13,0]}
{"text":"Even though our new pure gold Earth is not expanding or contracting, it's suddenly much more massive.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":72,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Even","though","our","new","pure","gold","Earth","is","not","expanding","or","contracting",",","it","'s","suddenly","much","more","massive","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The density of gold is three and a half times greater than the Earth, meaning the Earth is going to get three and a half times more massive.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":13,"token_start":5},{"end":138,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":28,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","density","of","gold","is","three","and","a","half","times","greater","than","the","Earth",",","meaning","the","Earth","is","going","to","get","three","and","a","half","times","more","massive","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For starters, everyone now has to contend with surface gravity that is more than three times stronger.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","starters",",","everyone","now","has","to","contend","with","surface","gravity","that","is","more","than","three","times","stronger","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,13,17,18,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"you're probably going to be slammed to the ground by your own weight.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["you","'re","probably","going","to","be","slammed","to","the","ground","by","your","own","weight","."],"tags":[1,17,13,17,18,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Depending on where you were when Earth turned into gold, this alone could seriously hurt or even kill you.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":84,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":92,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Depending","on","where","you","were","when","Earth","turned","into","gold",",","this","alone","could","seriously","hurt","or","even","kill","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,13,19,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Trees and artificial structures collapse under stress they were never meant to sustain,","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Trees","and","artificial","structures","collapse","under","stress","they","were","never","meant","to","sustain",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"while birds and planes and all things that were able to fly or float splash to the ground all around you.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":13,"token_start":1},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":15},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":20,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["while","birds","and","planes","and","all","things","that","were","able","to","fly","or","float","splash","to","the","ground","all","around","you","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And you're not the only thing weighed down by the greater gravity.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","you","'re","not","the","only","thing","weighed","down","by","the","greater","gravity","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The weight of the atmosphere and also atmospheric pressure nearly quadruples, which is a bad thing if you like living.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":66,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","weight","of","the","atmosphere","and","also","atmospheric","pressure","nearly","quadruples",",","which","is","a","bad","thing","if","you","like","living","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,25,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"On its own, this won't kill you.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["On","its","own",",","this","wo","n't","kill","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Scuba divers can comfortably breathe air at these pressures for a while,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Scuba","divers","can","comfortably","breathe","air","at","these","pressures","for","a","while",","],"tags":[1,2,15,13,19,5,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"but unfortunately, squeezing the atmosphere this much raises its temperature to 150 degrees Celsius, which is like the insides of an oven.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":54,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["but","unfortunately",",","squeezing","the","atmosphere","this","much","raises","its","temperature","to","150","degrees","Celsius",",","which","is","like","the","insides","of","an","oven","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The entire Earth's surface bakes, roasting anything and everything.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","entire","Earth","'s","surface","bakes",",","roasting","anything","and","everything","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There is no escape.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","no","escape","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Gold may be a metal, but it's about three times weaker than steel and also very malleable, which makes it very bad mountain material.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":132,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":26,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Gold","may","be","a","metal",",","but","it","'s","about","three","times","weaker","than","steel","and","also","very","malleable",",","which","makes","it","very","bad","mountain","material","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The tallest mountains that can be supported are now only about two kilometers high, so whole ranges compress as their own weight basically crushes their base.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":157,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":87,"token_end":26,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["The","tallest","mountains","that","can","be","supported","are","now","only","about","two","kilometers","high",",","so","whole","ranges","compress","as","their","own","weight","basically","crushes","their","base","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's hard to say what happens here.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","hard","to","say","what","happens","here","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We're probably in for giant earthquakes and landslides as the planet is squeezed into a new shape.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","'re","probably","in","for","giant","earthquakes","and","landslides","as","the","planet","is","squeezed","into","a","new","shape","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And it's not just mountain ranges.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","it","'s","not","just","mountain","ranges","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The differences between the continents and the ocean floor level out, causing the ocean basins to overflow, sending massive tidal waves over the Earth's surface.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":160,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":27,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","differences","between","the","continents","and","the","ocean","floor","level","out",",","causing","the","ocean","basins","to","overflow",",","sending","massive","tidal","waves","over","the","Earth","'s","surface","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What remains is a planet made of gold, entirely covered by an ocean three kilometers deep, a super hot atmosphere and a lot of dead people.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":137,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":27,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","remains","is","a","planet","made","of","gold",",","entirely","covered","by","an","ocean","three","kilometers","deep",",","a","super","hot","atmosphere","and","a","lot","of","dead","people","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Hmm, okay, there may be a lesson to take away here, but we're not sure what it is.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Hmm",",","okay",",","there","may","be","a","lesson","to","take","away","here",",","but","we","'re","not","sure","what","it","is","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We did all the maths though.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","did","all","the","maths","though","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,13,0]}
{"text":"It's in our sources document if you want to take a look.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","'s","in","our","sources","document","if","you","want","to","take","a","look","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you learned anything in this video, let us know what it was.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["If","you","learned","anything","in","this","video",",","let","us","know","what","it","was","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"So, as you might know, the things we sell in our shop are the reason we're able to publish videos for free.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":24,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["So",",","as","you","might","know",",","the","things","we","sell","in","our","shop","are","the","reason","we","'re","able","to","publish","videos","for","free","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But it's way more than that for us.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","way","more","than","that","for","us","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Here's a short story and a making of.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Here","'s","a","short","story","and","a","making","of","."],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"A while ago, we posted this image on social media just to post something nice looking.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["A","while","ago",",","we","posted","this","image","on","social","media","just","to","post","something","nice","looking","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Immediately, a lot of people were quite upset about it because it was wrong and you guys take what we put out that seriously.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Immediately",",","a","lot","of","people","were","quite","upset","about","it","because","it","was","wrong","and","you","guys","take","what","we","put","out","that","seriously","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So we deleted it and contacted experts to make something new and better.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":21,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","we","deleted","it","and","contacted","experts","to","make","something","new","and","better","."],"tags":[0,1,23,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We spent hundreds of hours on research and illustration and created this new extensive map of evolution.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","spent","hundreds","of","hours","on","research","and","illustration","and","created","this","new","extensive","map","of","evolution","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And while this was obviously a lot of work and stress, it sort of exemplifies why working on this channel is so satisfying.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":122,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["And","while","this","was","obviously","a","lot","of","work","and","stress",",","it","sort","of","exemplifies","why","working","on","this","channel","is","so","satisfying","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,14,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Because you people care and this makes us work harder and learn things we didn't know before.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Because","you","people","care","and","this","makes","us","work","harder","and","learn","things","we","did","n't","know","before","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, thank you for supporting our crazy ideas and our sometimes crazy merch.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So",",","thank","you","for","supporting","our","crazy","ideas","and","our","sometimes","crazy","merch","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Because of you, we can continue to release our videos for free for everyone and drop hundreds of hours into new concepts.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":120,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Because","of","you",",","we","can","continue","to","release","our","videos","for","free","for","everyone","and","drop","hundreds","of","hours","into","new","concepts","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We are super grateful for that.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","are","super","grateful","for","that","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You can check out the new evolution poster, among many other things made with love, in our shop.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":15,"token_start":4},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["You","can","check","out","the","new","evolution","poster",",","among","many","other","things","made","with","love",",","in","our","shop","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What would happen to you if a black hole the size of a coin suddenly appeared near you?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["What","would","happen","to","you","if","a","black","hole","the","size","of","a","coin","suddenly","appeared","near","you","?"],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Short answer, you'd die.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Short","answer",",","you","'d","die","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,15,19,0]}
{"text":"Long answer, it depends.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Long","answer",",","it","depends","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,25,0]}
{"text":"Is it a black hole with the mass of a coin, or is it as wide as a coin?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Is","it","a","black","hole","with","the","mass","of","a","coin",",","or","is","it","as","wide","as","a","coin","?"],"tags":[21,1,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Suppose a US nickel with a mass of about 5 grams magically collapsed into a black hole.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":16,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Suppose","a","US","nickel","with","a","mass","of","about","5","grams","magically","collapsed","into","a","black","hole","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This black hole would have a radius of 10 to the power of minus 30 meters.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","black","hole","would","have","a","radius","of","10","to","the","power","of","minus","30","meters","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"By comparison, a hydrogen atom is about 10 to the power of minus 11 meters.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["By","comparison",",","a","hydrogen","atom","is","about","10","to","the","power","of","minus","11","meters","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So the black hole compared to an atom is as small as an atom compared to the sun.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","the","black","hole","compared","to","an","atom","is","as","small","as","an","atom","compared","to","the","sun","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And a small black hole would also have an unimaginably short lifetime to decay by Hawking radiation.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","a","small","black","hole","would","also","have","an","unimaginably","short","lifetime","to","decay","by","Hawking","radiation","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It would radiate away what little mass it has in 10 to the power of minus 23 seconds.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","would","radiate","away","what","little","mass","it","has","in","10","to","the","power","of","minus","23","seconds","."],"tags":[1,15,19,35,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Its 5 grams of mass will be converted to 450 terajoules of energy,","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Its","5","grams","of","mass","will","be","converted","to","450","terajoules","of","energy",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In this case, you'd die.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","this","case",",","you","'d","die","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,0]}
{"text":"You also lose the coin.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","also","lose","the","coin","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"If the black hole had the diameter of a common coin, then it would be considerably more massive.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","the","black","hole","had","the","diameter","of","a","common","coin",",","then","it","would","be","considerably","more","massive","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In fact, a black hole with the diameter of a nickel would be slightly more massive than the Earth.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":96,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","a","black","hole","with","the","diameter","of","a","nickel","would","be","slightly","more","massive","than","the","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It would have a surface gravity a billion billion times greater than our planet currently does.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","would","have","a","surface","gravity","a","billion","billion","times","greater","than","our","planet","currently","does","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Its tidal forces on you would be so strong that they'd rip your individual cells apart.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Its","tidal","forces","on","you","would","be","so","strong","that","they","'d","rip","your","individual","cells","apart","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The black hole would consume you before you even realized what's happening.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","black","hole","would","consume","you","before","you","even","realized","what","'s","happening","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Although the laws of gravity are still the same, the phenomenon of gravity that you'd experience would be very different around such dense objects.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":95,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":17,"token_start":10},{"end":101,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":97,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":104,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":103,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":119,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":21,"token_start":20},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":121,"token_end":25,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Although","the","laws","of","gravity","are","still","the","same",",","the","phenomenon","of","gravity","that","you","'d","experience","would","be","very","different","around","such","dense","objects","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The range of the gravitational attraction extends over the entire observable universe, with gravity getting weaker the farther away you are from something.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":153,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","range","of","the","gravitational","attraction","extends","over","the","entire","observable","universe",",","with","gravity","getting","weaker","the","farther","away","you","are","from","something","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"On Earth right now, your head and your toes are approximately the same distance from the center of our planet.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":108,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["On","Earth","right","now",",","your","head","and","your","toes","are","approximately","the","same","distance","from","the","center","of","our","planet","."],"tags":[13,14,13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But if you stood on a nickel-sized black hole, your feet would be hundreds of times closer to the center,","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":104,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","if","you","stood","on","a","nickel","-","sized","black","hole",",","your","feet","would","be","hundreds","of","times","closer","to","the","center",","],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"and the gravitational force would be tens of thousands of times as large as the force on your head, and rip you into a billion pieces.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":18,"token_start":6},{"end":133,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":104,"token_end":26,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["and","the","gravitational","force","would","be","tens","of","thousands","of","times","as","large","as","the","force","on","your","head",",","and","rip","you","into","a","billion","pieces","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But the black hole wouldn't stop with just you.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","the","black","hole","would","n't","stop","with","just","you","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,37,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The black hole is now a dominant gravitational piece of the Earth-Moon black hole of death system.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":96,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","black","hole","is","now","a","dominant","gravitational","piece","of","the","Earth","-","Moon","black","hole","of","death","system","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You might think that the black hole would sink towards the center of the planet, and consume it from the inside out.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":115,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":22,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","might","think","that","the","black","hole","would","sink","towards","the","center","of","the","planet",",","and","consume","it","from","the","inside","out","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In fact, the Earth also moves up onto the black hole, and begins to bob around as if it were orbiting the black hole,","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","the","Earth","also","moves","up","onto","the","black","hole",",","and","begins","to","bob","around","as","if","it","were","orbiting","the","black","hole",","],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,13,31,32,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As the Earth is eaten up from the inside, it collapses into a scattered disk of hot rock, surrounding the black hole in a tight orbit.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":27,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["As","the","Earth","is","eaten","up","from","the","inside",",","it","collapses","into","a","scattered","disk","of","hot","rock",",","surrounding","the","black","hole","in","a","tight","orbit","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The black hole slowly doubles its mass by the time it's done feeding.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","black","hole","slowly","doubles","its","mass","by","the","time","it","'s","done","feeding","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The Moon's orbit is now highly elliptical.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","Moon","'s","orbit","is","now","highly","elliptical","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The effects on the solar system are awesome, in the biblical sense of awesome, which means terrifying.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","effects","on","the","solar","system","are","awesome",",","in","the","biblical","sense","of","awesome",",","which","means","terrifying","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Tidal forces from the black hole would probably disrupt the near-Earth asteroids, maybe even parts of the asteroid belt, sending rocks careening through the solar system.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":21,"token_start":9},{"end":168,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":121,"token_end":29,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["Tidal","forces","from","the","black","hole","would","probably","disrupt","the","near","-","Earth","asteroids",",","maybe","even","parts","of","the","asteroid","belt",",","sending","rocks","careening","through","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Bombardment and impacts may become commonplace for the next few million years.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Bombardment","and","impacts","may","become","commonplace","for","the","next","few","million","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The planets are slightly perturbed, but stay approximately in the same orbit.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","planets","are","slightly","perturbed",",","but","stay","approximately","in","the","same","orbit","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The black hole we used to call Earth will now continue on orbiting the Sun in the Earth's place.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","black","hole","we","used","to","call","Earth","will","now","continue","on","orbiting","the","Sun","in","the","Earth","'s","place","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In this case, you also die.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","this","case",",","you","also","die","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,19,0]}
{"text":"This bonus video was made possible by your contributions on Patreon.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","bonus","video","was","made","possible","by","your","contributions","on","Patreon","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,33,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so much for your support.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","for","your","support","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The topic is based on a question on the AskScience subreddit, and the glorious answer by Matt Kaplan, who also worked with us on this video.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":138,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":27,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","topic","is","based","on","a","question","on","the","AskScience","subreddit",",","and","the","glorious","answer","by","Matt","Kaplan",",","who","also","worked","with","us","on","this","video","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Check out his blog, Quarks & Coffee, for more awesome stuff like this.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Check","out","his","blog",",","Quarks","&","Coffee",",","for","more","awesome","stuff","like","this","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you want to discuss the video, we have our own subreddit now.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","discuss","the","video",",","we","have","our","own","subreddit","now","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,13,0]}
{"text":"To learn more about black holes, or equally interesting neutron stars, click here.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["To","learn","more","about","black","holes",",","or","equally","interesting","neutron","stars",",","click","here","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,13,0]}
{"text":"This matter accounts for less than 5% of the known universe.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","matter","accounts","for","less","than","5","%","of","the","known","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"About 25% is dark matter and 70% dark energy, both of which are invisible.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["About","25","%","is","dark","matter","and","70","%","dark","energy",",","both","of","which","are","invisible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This is kind of strange because it suggests that everything we experience is really only a tiny fraction of reality.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","is","kind","of","strange","because","it","suggests","that","everything","we","experience","is","really","only","a","tiny","fraction","of","reality","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But it gets worse.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","it","gets","worse","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"We really have no clue what dark matter and energy are or how they work.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","really","have","no","clue","what","dark","matter","and","energy","are","or","how","they","work","."],"tags":[1,13,31,32,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We are pretty sure they exist though.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","are","pretty","sure","they","exist","though","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,13,0]}
{"text":"So, what do we know?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So",",","what","do","we","know","?"],"tags":[0,0,5,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"Dark matter is the stuff that makes it possible for galaxies to exist.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Dark","matter","is","the","stuff","that","makes","it","possible","for","galaxies","to","exist","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"When we calculated why the universe is structured the way it is, it quickly became clear that there's just not enough normal matter.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":82,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":131,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":24,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["When","we","calculated","why","the","universe","is","structured","the","way","it","is",",","it","quickly","became","clear","that","there","'s","just","not","enough","normal","matter","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,13,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The gravity of the visible matter is not strong enough to form galaxies and complex structures.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":93,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","gravity","of","the","visible","matter","is","not","strong","enough","to","form","galaxies","and","complex","structures","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Stars would more likely be scattered all over the place and not form galaxies.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Stars","would","more","likely","be","scattered","all","over","the","place","and","not","form","galaxies","."],"tags":[1,15,13,14,15,29,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So we know there is something else inside and around them.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","we","know","there","is","something","else","inside","and","around","them","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But besides being able to calculate the existence of dark matter, we can see it, kind of.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":73,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["But","besides","being","able","to","calculate","the","existence","of","dark","matter",",","we","can","see","it",",","kind","of","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,0,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Places with a high concentration of dark matter bend light passing nearby.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Places","with","a","high","concentration","of","dark","matter","bend","light","passing","nearby","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So we know there's something there that interacts with gravity.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","we","know","there","'s","something","there","that","interacts","with","gravity","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Right now, we have more ideas about what dark energy is not than what it is.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Right","now",",","we","have","more","ideas","about","what","dark","energy","is","not","than","what","it","is","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We know dark matter is not just clouds of normal matter without stars because it would emit particles we could detect.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["We","know","dark","matter","is","not","just","clouds","of","normal","matter","without","stars","because","it","would","emit","particles","we","could","detect","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Dark matter is not antimatter because antimatter produces unique gamma rays when it reacts with normal matter.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Dark","matter","is","not","antimatter","because","antimatter","produces","unique","gamma","rays","when","it","reacts","with","normal","matter","."],"tags":[1,2,21,37,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Dark matter is also not made up of black holes, very compact objects that violently affect their surroundings,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Dark","matter","is","also","not","made","up","of","black","holes",",","very","compact","objects","that","violently","affect","their","surroundings",","],"tags":[1,2,15,13,37,29,35,36,36,36,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Basically, we only know three things for sure.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Basically",",","we","only","know","three","things","for","sure","."],"tags":[13,0,1,13,19,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"One, something is out there.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["One",",","something","is","out","there","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Two, it interacts with gravity.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Two",",","it","interacts","with","gravity","."],"tags":[0,0,1,25,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Three, there is a lot of it.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Three",",","there","is","a","lot","of","it","."],"tags":[0,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Dark matter is probably made up of a complicated exotic particle that doesn't interact with light and matter in a way we expect, but right now, we just don't know.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Dark","matter","is","probably","made","up","of","a","complicated","exotic","particle","that","does","n't","interact","with","light","and","matter","in","a","way","we","expect",",","but","right","now",",","we","just","do","n't","know","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,29,35,36,36,36,36,36,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Dark energy is even more strange and mysterious.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Dark","energy","is","even","more","strange","and","mysterious","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We can't detect it, we can't measure it, and we can't taste it, but we do see its effects very clearly.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":20,"token_end":17,"token_start":6},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":26,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["We","ca","n't","detect","it",",","we","ca","n't","measure","it",",","and","we","ca","n't","taste","it",",","but","we","do","see","its","effects","very","clearly","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In 1929, Edwin Hubble examined how the wavelength of light emitted by distant galaxies shifts towards the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum as it travels through space.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":173,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":28,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","1929",",","Edwin","Hubble","examined","how","the","wavelength","of","light","emitted","by","distant","galaxies","shifts","towards","the","red","end","of","the","electromagnetic","spectrum","as","it","travels","through","space","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"He found that fainter, more distant galaxies showed a large degree of redshift.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["He","found","that","fainter",",","more","distant","galaxies","showed","a","large","degree","of","redshift","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Hubble determined that this was because the universe itself is expanding.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Hubble","determined","that","this","was","because","the","universe","itself","is","expanding","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The redshift occurs because the wavelengths of light are stretched as the universe expands.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","redshift","occurs","because","the","wavelengths","of","light","are","stretched","as","the","universe","expands","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"More recent discoveries have shown that the expansion of the universe is accelerating.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["More","recent","discoveries","have","shown","that","the","expansion","of","the","universe","is","accelerating","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Before that, it was thought that the pull of gravity would cause the expansion to either slow down or even retract and collapse in on itself at some point.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":154,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":29,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Before","that",",","it","was","thought","that","the","pull","of","gravity","would","cause","the","expansion","to","either","slow","down","or","even","retract","and","collapse","in","on","itself","at","some","point","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,15,29,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Space doesn't change its properties as it expands.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Space","does","n't","change","its","properties","as","it","expands","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There's just more of it.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","just","more","of","it","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"New space is constantly created everywhere.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["New","space","is","constantly","created","everywhere","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,29,13,0]}
{"text":"Galaxies are tight-bound clusters of stuff held together by gravity, so we don't experience this expansion in our daily lives, but we see it everywhere around us.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":160,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":31,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Galaxies","are","tight","-","bound","clusters","of","stuff","held","together","by","gravity",",","so","we","do","n't","experience","this","expansion","in","our","daily","lives",",","but","we","see","it","everywhere","around","us","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Wherever there is empty space in the universe, more is forming every second.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Wherever","there","is","empty","space","in","the","universe",",","more","is","forming","every","second","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,13,14,0]}
{"text":"So dark energy seems to be some kind of energy intrinsic to empty space.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","dark","energy","seems","to","be","some","kind","of","energy","intrinsic","to","empty","space","."],"tags":[0,1,2,17,18,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Empty space has more energy than everything else in the universe combined.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Empty","space","has","more","energy","than","everything","else","in","the","universe","combined","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We have multiple ideas about what dark energy might be.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","multiple","ideas","about","what","dark","energy","might","be","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"One idea is that dark energy is not a thing, but just a property of space.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["One","idea","is","that","dark","energy","is","not","a","thing",",","but","just","a","property","of","space","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Empty space is not nothing.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Empty","space","is","not","nothing","."],"tags":[1,2,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"It has its own energy.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","has","its","own","energy","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It can generate more space, and it's quite active.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","can","generate","more","space",",","and","it","'s","quite","active","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So as the universe expands, it could be that just more and more space appears to fill the gaps, and this leads to a faster, expanding universe.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":19,"token_start":9},{"end":142,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":100,"token_end":29,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["So","as","the","universe","expands",",","it","could","be","that","just","more","and","more","space","appears","to","fill","the","gaps",",","and","this","leads","to","a","faster",",","expanding","universe","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This idea is close to an idea that Einstein had back in 1917 of a concept of a cosmological constant, a force that counteracted the force of gravity.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":147,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":28,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","idea","is","close","to","an","idea","that","Einstein","had","back","in","1917","of","a","concept","of","a","cosmological","constant",",","a","force","that","counteracted","the","force","of","gravity","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The only problem is that when we tried to calculate the amount of this energy, the result was so wrong and weird that it only added to the confusion.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":147,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":29,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","only","problem","is","that","when","we","tried","to","calculate","the","amount","of","this","energy",",","the","result","was","so","wrong","and","weird","that","it","only","added","to","the","confusion","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Another idea is that empty space is actually full of temporary, virtual particles that spontaneously and continually form from nothing and then disappear into nothing again.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":171,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":26,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Another","idea","is","that","empty","space","is","actually","full","of","temporary",",","virtual","particles","that","spontaneously","and","continually","form","from","nothing","and","then","disappear","into","nothing","again","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The energy from those particles could be dark energy.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","energy","from","those","particles","could","be","dark","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Or maybe dark energy is an unknown kind of dynamic energy fluid or field which permeates the entire universe,","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":108,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Or","maybe","dark","energy","is","an","unknown","kind","of","dynamic","energy","fluid","or","field","which","permeates","the","entire","universe",","],"tags":[0,13,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But if it exists, we don't know how and where or how we could detect it.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","if","it","exists",",","we","do","n't","know","how","and","where","or","how","we","could","detect","it","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So there are still a lot of questions to answer.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","there","are","still","a","lot","of","questions","to","answer","."],"tags":[0,3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Our theories about dark matter and dark energy are still just that, theories.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Our","theories","about","dark","matter","and","dark","energy","are","still","just","that",",","theories","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On the one hand, this is kind of frustrating.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","the","one","hand",",","this","is","kind","of","frustrating","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On the other hand, this is frontier science, making it very exciting.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["On","the","other","hand",",","this","is","frontier","science",",","making","it","very","exciting","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It shows us that no matter how much we feel we're on top of things, we're still very much apes with smartphones on a tiny, fragile island in space,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":146,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":32,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","shows","us","that","no","matter","how","much","we","feel","we","'re","on","top","of","things",",","we","'re","still","very","much","apes","with","smartphones","on","a","tiny",",","fragile","island","in","space",","],"tags":[1,25,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"There is so much left to learn, and that is awesome.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["There","is","so","much","left","to","learn",",","and","that","is","awesome","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This video is supported by the Australian Academy of Science, which promotes and supports excellence in science.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","video","is","supported","by","the","Australian","Academy","of","Science",",","which","promotes","and","supports","excellence","in","science","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Learn more about this topic and others like it at nova.org.au.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Learn","more","about","this","topic","and","others","like","it","at","nova.org.au","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"It was a blast to work with them, so go check out their site.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","was","a","blast","to","work","with","them",",","so","go","check","out","their","site","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Our videos are also made possible by your support on patreon.com.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Our","videos","are","also","made","possible","by","your","support","on","patreon.com","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,29,33,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you want to support us and become part of the Kurzgesagt bird army, check out our Patreon page.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","support","us","and","become","part","of","the","Kurzgesagt","bird","army",",","check","out","our","Patreon","page","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,31,32,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Sometimes the world feels, hmm, boring.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Sometimes","the","world","feels",",","hmm",",","boring","."],"tags":[13,1,2,21,0,0,0,11,0]}
{"text":"We've visited all the remote islands, conquered the Arctic, and penetrated the deepest jungles.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["We","'ve","visited","all","the","remote","islands",",","conquered","the","Arctic",",","and","penetrated","the","deepest","jungles","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But there is still one place to explore.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","there","is","still","one","place","to","explore","."],"tags":[0,3,21,13,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It's a wet and deadly desert inhabited by mysterious creatures living in total darkness.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","wet","and","deadly","desert","inhabited","by","mysterious","creatures","living","in","total","darkness","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's dive down.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","dive","down","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"When we look at the sheer scale of the Earth's oceans, it's hard to believe that less than 2% of all biomass on Earth lives here.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":128,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":29,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["When","we","look","at","the","sheer","scale","of","the","Earth","'s","oceans",",","it","'s","hard","to","believe","that","less","than","2","%","of","all","biomass","on","Earth","lives","here","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And of that small percentage, around 90% is located close to the surface in the first 200 meters.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","of","that","small","percentage",",","around","90","%","is","located","close","to","the","surface","in","the","first","200","meters","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is where we begin our journey.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","where","we","begin","our","journey","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Here, light can still penetrate the water, which allows photosynthesis to occur.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Here",",","light","can","still","penetrate","the","water",",","which","allows","photosynthesis","to","occur","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Phytoplankton, trillions and trillions of single-celled algae and bacteria, make up the foundation of the ocean's ecosystem,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":123,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Phytoplankton",",","trillions","and","trillions","of","single","-","celled","algae","and","bacteria",",","make","up","the","foundation","of","the","ocean","'s","ecosystem",","],"tags":[1,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,0,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"and they're consumed by bigger plankton, who are consumed by other species.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["and","they","'re","consumed","by","bigger","plankton",",","who","are","consumed","by","other","species","."],"tags":[0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The sea floor at this depth is akin to the Amazon rainforest, and is often covered with coral reefs, algae,","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","sea","floor","at","this","depth","is","akin","to","the","Amazon","rainforest",",","and","is","often","covered","with","coral","reefs",",","algae",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So far, we've focused most of our attention on this comparatively pleasant environment, where we fish, swim, pollute, and do science.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":131,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":26,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","far",",","we","'ve","focused","most","of","our","attention","on","this","comparatively","pleasant","environment",",","where","we","fish",",","swim",",","pollute",",","and","do","science","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, let's dive deeper.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So",",","let","'s","dive","deeper","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Moving from familiar coastal waters into deeper, more remote waters, we eventually reach the edge of the continental shelf,","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":83,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":121,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Moving","from","familiar","coastal","waters","into","deeper",",","more","remote","waters",",","we","eventually","reach","the","edge","of","the","continental","shelf",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"With every additional meter of water, light fades drastically, which means there are basically no more plants,","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["With","every","additional","meter","of","water",",","light","fades","drastically",",","which","means","there","are","basically","no","more","plants",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"and the seemingly steep continental slope begins to remind us of the surface of the Moon.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["and","the","seemingly","steep","continental","slope","begins","to","remind","us","of","the","surface","of","the","Moon","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Looking out, we're faced by what seems to be endless open water.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Looking","out",",","we","'re","faced","by","what","seems","to","be","endless","open","water","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's leave the slope behind us, and enter what's known as the twilight zone, the portal to the deep sea.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":104,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","leave","the","slope","behind","us",",","and","enter","what","'s","known","as","the","twilight","zone",",","the","portal","to","the","deep","sea","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"As we sink down further, the water pressure rises to deadly levels.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["As","we","sink","down","further",",","the","water","pressure","rises","to","deadly","levels","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The deepest scuba dive ever came in at 332 meters.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","deepest","scuba","dive","ever","came","in","at","332","meters","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,13,31,32,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At that depth, the pressure is like having 200 cars stacked on top of you.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","that","depth",",","the","pressure","is","like","having","200","cars","stacked","on","top","of","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Yet we've only completed 3% of our journey.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Yet","we","'ve","only","completed","3","%","of","our","journey","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"While this region seems pretty grim, many fish and other animals actually spend at least half their lives down here.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":18,"token_start":14},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":20,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["While","this","region","seems","pretty","grim",",","many","fish","and","other","animals","actually","spend","at","least","half","their","lives","down","here","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"During the day, it's a good place to rest and recover, hidden from predators in the vast, dark waters.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":22,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["During","the","day",",","it","'s","a","good","place","to","rest","and","recover",",","hidden","from","predators","in","the","vast",",","dark","waters","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"At night, they can travel more safely into shallower zones to feed in the food-rich surface waters.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["At","night",",","they","can","travel","more","safely","into","shallower","zones","to","feed","in","the","food","-","rich","surface","waters","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In this transition zone between twilight and darkness, light becomes a powerful tool.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","this","transition","zone","between","twilight","and","darkness",",","light","becomes","a","powerful","tool","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Over 90% of the species indigenous to this deep environment use bioluminescence chemicals to create light.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Over","90","%","of","the","species","indigenous","to","this","deep","environment","use","bioluminescence","chemicals","to","create","light","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They do so as camouflage against the very faint sunlight to send signals to potential mates or to confuse and scare attackers.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":21,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["They","do","so","as","camouflage","against","the","very","faint","sunlight","to","send","signals","to","potential","mates","or","to","confuse","and","scare","attackers","."],"tags":[1,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Or, they use light to hunt.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Or",",","they","use","light","to","hunt","."],"tags":[0,0,1,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Another tool for survival in the dark is teamwork.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Another","tool","for","survival","in","the","dark","is","teamwork","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"At around 700 meters, we encounter a colony of Siphonophores.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","around","700","meters",",","we","encounter","a","colony","of","Siphonophores","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They can be up to 50 meters in length, but are only as wide as a broomstick.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["They","can","be","up","to","50","meters","in","length",",","but","are","only","as","wide","as","a","broomstick","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To attract prey, a colony creates a tragically beautiful bright blue or red light and deploys a curtain of tentacles filled with toxic needles that kill anything that comes too close.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":14,"token_start":7},{"end":182,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":86,"token_end":31,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["To","attract","prey",",","a","colony","creates","a","tragically","beautiful","bright","blue","or","red","light","and","deploys","a","curtain","of","tentacles","filled","with","toxic","needles","that","kill","anything","that","comes","too","close","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But most species living down here have to rely on an unlikely resource, marine snow.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","most","species","living","down","here","have","to","rely","on","an","unlikely","resource",",","marine","snow","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,17,18,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It consists of dead plant or animal parts, fecal matter, shells, sand or dust.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","consists","of","dead","plant","or","animal","parts",",","fecal","matter",",","shells",",","sand","or","dust","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Even though this doesn't sound very tasty, without this crucial resource, life in the deep sea would starve.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":93,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":18,"token_start":14},{"end":99,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":95,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":106,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":101,"token_end":20,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Even","though","this","does","n't","sound","very","tasty",",","without","this","crucial","resource",",","life","in","the","deep","sea","would","starve","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"It's in this area that the most fascinating battles between two unlikely enemies could happen.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":93,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","'s","in","this","area","that","the","most","fascinating","battles","between","two","unlikely","enemies","could","happen","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Sperm whales hunt and attack giant squid the size of a house.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Sperm","whales","hunt","and","attack","giant","squid","the","size","of","a","house","."],"tags":[1,2,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"While the squid fight back ferociously, they probably don't stand a chance, but they do leave permanent marks on their killer's skin.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":132,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":80,"token_end":25,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["While","the","squid","fight","back","ferociously",",","they","probably","do","n't","stand","a","chance",",","but","they","do","leave","permanent","marks","on","their","killer","'s","skin","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,15,37,31,32,32,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As we reach 1000 meters, deeper than the tallest structure built by humans, we need to be careful.","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":79,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["As","we","reach","1000","meters",",","deeper","than","the","tallest","structure","built","by","humans",",","we","need","to","be","careful","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is the Midnight Zone, a place of utter darkness.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","the","Midnight","Zone",",","a","place","of","utter","darkness","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"At these depths, it's harder for a human to take a swim than to take a walk in space.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["At","these","depths",",","it","'s","harder","for","a","human","to","take","a","swim","than","to","take","a","walk","in","space","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,21,11,13,14,14,1,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Finding food down here is really hard, so life had to adapt and become extremely energy efficient.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Finding","food","down","here","is","really","hard",",","so","life","had","to","adapt","and","become","extremely","energy","efficient","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They're covered in tiny stiff hairs which brush food from the water.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","'re","covered","in","tiny","stiff","hairs","which","brush","food","from","the","water","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This saves a lot of energy compared to actively catching food.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","saves","a","lot","of","energy","compared","to","actively","catching","food","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For carnivorous fish, it's much harder to find food since living prey is quite rare down here.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["For","carnivorous","fish",",","it","'s","much","harder","to","find","food","since","living","prey","is","quite","rare","down","here","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,21,11,12,1,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So the hunters have to get a perfect grip on their victim on first strike, otherwise it will escape into the dark.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","the","hunters","have","to","get","a","perfect","grip","on","their","victim","on","first","strike",",","otherwise","it","will","escape","into","the","dark","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,16,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Many deep sea predators have several sets of long and deadly teeth.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Many","deep","sea","predators","have","several","sets","of","long","and","deadly","teeth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We sink further, below the 3800 mark, as deep as the grave of the Titanic.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","sink","further",",","below","the","3800","mark",",","as","deep","as","the","grave","of","the","Titanic","."],"tags":[1,19,13,0,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We are now at abyssal depths.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","are","now","at","abyssal","depths","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Here, life happens in slow motion.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Here",",","life","happens","in","slow","motion","."],"tags":[13,0,1,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Preserving every last bit of energy is crucial for survival.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Preserving","every","last","bit","of","energy","is","crucial","for","survival","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Everything down here hovers motionless or swims in a slow, elegant fashion.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Everything","down","here","hovers","motionless","or","swims","in","a","slow",",","elegant","fashion","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The only time the animals living in this zone move fast is when they have to escape danger.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","only","time","the","animals","living","in","this","zone","move","fast","is","when","they","have","to","escape","danger","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"At 4000 meters, we finally reach ground again.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["At","4000","meters",",","we","finally","reach","ground","again","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,13,0]}
{"text":"It's covered in grey mud and rocks, dusted with the remains of marine snow, which is consumed by animals like sea cucumbers, shrimp, sea urchins and sea worms.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":157,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":32,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","covered","in","grey","mud","and","rocks",",","dusted","with","the","remains","of","marine","snow",",","which","is","consumed","by","animals","like","sea","cucumbers",",","shrimp",",","sea","urchins","and","sea","worms","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In some regions of the seafloor, small, dark mineral deposits can be seen.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","some","regions","of","the","seafloor",",","small",",","dark","mineral","deposits","can","be","seen","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"These are manganese nodules.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["These","are","manganese","nodules","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Deep sea corals and sponges use them to anchor themselves on the bottom of the sea.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Deep","sea","corals","and","sponges","use","them","to","anchor","themselves","on","the","bottom","of","the","sea","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Though life is sparse on the deep seafloor, even down here there are oases.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Though","life","is","sparse","on","the","deep","seafloor",",","even","down","here","there","are","oases","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,3,21,1,0]}
{"text":"magma heats up seawater and creates dark jets of water and minerals as hot as 400 degrees Celsius that form elaborate chimneys and towers.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":137,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":23,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["magma","heats","up","seawater","and","creates","dark","jets","of","water","and","minerals","as","hot","as","400","degrees","Celsius","that","form","elaborate","chimneys","and","towers","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Extremophile bacteria use the minerals to create organic substances that are the basis for unique ecosystems.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Extremophile","bacteria","use","the","minerals","to","create","organic","substances","that","are","the","basis","for","unique","ecosystems","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As we descend further, we reach the deepest point of the abyssal plain at 6000 meters.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["As","we","descend","further",",","we","reach","the","deepest","point","of","the","abyssal","plain","at","6000","meters","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For most of the seafloor, this is as deep as it gets.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","most","of","the","seafloor",",","this","is","as","deep","as","it","gets","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But if we want to get to the deepest point of the oceans, we're actually only halfway there.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["But","if","we","want","to","get","to","the","deepest","point","of","the","oceans",",","we","'re","actually","only","halfway","there","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's enter the Hadal Zone, the underworld of the sea.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","enter","the","Hadal","Zone",",","the","underworld","of","the","sea","."],"tags":[15,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"It consists of long, narrow trenches that only make up around 0.25% of the oceans and are among the most extreme environments on Earth.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","consists","of","long",",","narrow","trenches","that","only","make","up","around","0.25","%","of","the","oceans","and","are","among","the","most","extreme","environments","on","Earth","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Only extremophiles exist down here, like the ethereal snailfish that holds the record for the deepest living fish ever seen at around 8000 meters.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":24,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Only","extremophiles","exist","down","here",",","like","the","ethereal","snailfish","that","holds","the","record","for","the","deepest","living","fish","ever","seen","at","around","8000","meters","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We see spiky and sharp black rocks rush by as we sink down to more than 10,000.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","see","spiky","and","sharp","black","rocks","rush","by","as","we","sink","down","to","more","than","10,000","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Until we reach the final slope, a trench inside the larger Mariana Trench with gently sloping sides that enframe a valley about 1.6 kilometers wide.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":147,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Until","we","reach","the","final","slope",",","a","trench","inside","the","larger","Mariana","Trench","with","gently","sloping","sides","that","enframe","a","valley","about","1.6","kilometers","wide","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is it, the deepest point, the Challenger Deep, 11,000 meters below the surface.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","it",",","the","deepest","point",",","the","Challenger","Deep",",","11,000","meters","below","the","surface","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The water pressure here is 1,086 bar.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","water","pressure","here","is","1,086","bar","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Taking a swim here is like having to balance 1,800 elephants on top of you.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Taking","a","swim","here","is","like","having","to","balance","1,800","elephants","on","top","of","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But even here, life has found a way to thrive.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","even","here",",","life","has","found","a","way","to","thrive","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Next to sea cucumbers, white and light pink amphipods wiggle their way through the water.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Next","to","sea","cucumbers",",","white","and","light","pink","amphipods","wiggle","their","way","through","the","water","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Their size is astounding.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Their","size","is","astounding","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"While their shallow water cousins are merely a few centimeters long, the deep-sea version can reach up to 30 centimeters.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":90,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":94,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":119,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":22,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["While","their","shallow","water","cousins","are","merely","a","few","centimeters","long",",","the","deep","-","sea","version","can","reach","up","to","30","centimeters","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And there are other things floating elegantly through the water.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","are","other","things","floating","elegantly","through","the","water","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Even the remotest place on Earth is not safe from human influence.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Even","the","remotest","place","on","Earth","is","not","safe","from","human","influence","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There's nothing left to do now and our oxygen is running out, so we begin our ascent.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":84,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["There","'s","nothing","left","to","do","now","and","our","oxygen","is","running","out",",","so","we","begin","our","ascent","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"After hours of traveling through dark nothingness, we finally see a glimpse of light.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["After","hours","of","traveling","through","dark","nothingness",",","we","finally","see","a","glimpse","of","light","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We arrive back at a calm surface.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","arrive","back","at","a","calm","surface","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The oceans are so deep.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","oceans","are","so","deep","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"There is so much of them.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","so","much","of","them","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We owe it to ourselves and to our descendants to preserve them as well as we can.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":80,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","owe","it","to","ourselves","and","to","our","descendants","to","preserve","them","as","well","as","we","can","."],"tags":[1,19,7,9,10,10,10,10,10,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"There are still so many wondrous things left to be discovered.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","are","still","so","many","wondrous","things","left","to","be","discovered","."],"tags":[3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"So, you're all tingly now and want to go exploring.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So",",","you","'re","all","tingly","now","and","want","to","go","exploring","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,12,13,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"You can use our friends from Brilliant as your springboard for a knowledge deep dive.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["You","can","use","our","friends","from","Brilliant","as","your","springboard","for","a","knowledge","deep","dive","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Brilliant is a website that helps you approach science in a practical way, through interactive courses and daily problems in maths, science and computer science.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":159,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":26,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Brilliant","is","a","website","that","helps","you","approach","science","in","a","practical","way",",","through","interactive","courses","and","daily","problems","in","maths",",","science","and","computer","science","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Instead of simply flooding you with information, you get the tools you need to untangle complex topics by yourself.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":114,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Instead","of","simply","flooding","you","with","information",",","you","get","the","tools","you","need","to","untangle","complex","topics","by","yourself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's hands-on learning instead of chalk and talk.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","hands","-","on","learning","instead","of","chalk","and","talk","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Plunge in and get to the bottom of courses about things like geometry, waves and light, gravitational physics and many more.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":14,"token_end":22,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Plunge","in","and","get","to","the","bottom","of","courses","about","things","like","geometry",",","waves","and","light",",","gravitational","physics","and","many","more","."],"tags":[31,32,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Click the link in the description or visit brilliant.org\/nutshell to sign up for free and learn more things than there are fish in the sea.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":138,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Click","the","link","in","the","description","or","visit","brilliant.org\/nutshell","to","sign","up","for","free","and","learn","more","things","than","there","are","fish","in","the","sea","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And there's an extra perk for Kurzgesagt viewers.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","'s","an","extra","perk","for","Kurzgesagt","viewers","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The first 688 people to use the link get 20% off their annual membership, which lets you view all the daily problems in the archives and unlock every course.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":155,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":30,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","first","688","people","to","use","the","link","get","20","%","off","their","annual","membership",",","which","lets","you","view","all","the","daily","problems","in","the","archives","and","unlock","every","course","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"Go ahead and take the plunge.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Go","ahead","and","take","the","plunge","."],"tags":[31,32,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Do you need more vitamin C?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Do","you","need","more","vitamin","C","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We've also made an epic poster featuring some of the most fascinating creatures we encountered on our dive.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","'ve","also","made","an","epic","poster","featuring","some","of","the","most","fascinating","creatures","we","encountered","on","our","dive","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's much less work than an aquarium, but just as soothing and pretty.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","much","less","work","than","an","aquarium",",","but","just","as","soothing","and","pretty","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Imagine someone coming into your kitchen and taking a few tools, a pan and your garbage.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":87,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Imagine","someone","coming","into","your","kitchen","and","taking","a","few","tools",",","a","pan","and","your","garbage","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Then they bury everything in the woods.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Then","they","bury","everything","in","the","woods","."],"tags":[13,1,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"12,000 years later, an archaeologist is trying to figure out who you were,","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["12,000","years","later",",","an","archaeologist","is","trying","to","figure","out","who","you","were",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Because you happened to live during a remarkable time in human history.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Because","you","happened","to","live","during","a","remarkable","time","in","human","history","."],"tags":[0,1,23,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"In that time, our numbers would explode by orders of magnitude.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","that","time",",","our","numbers","would","explode","by","orders","of","magnitude","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our technology and standard of living would improve to levels previously thought impossible and our self-conception would change forever.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":136,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":96,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Our","technology","and","standard","of","living","would","improve","to","levels","previously","thought","impossible","and","our","self","-","conception","would","change","forever","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And all the future archaeologist has to learn about is your junk in the woods.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","all","the","future","archaeologist","has","to","learn","about","is","your","junk","in","the","woods","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While we can only hope that this will be someone's problem in 12,000 years, we have the same problem today.","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":79,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":20,"token_start":18},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":21,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["While","we","can","only","hope","that","this","will","be","someone","'s","problem","in","12,000","years",",","we","have","the","same","problem","today","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,13,0]}
{"text":"We're trying to reconstruct a revolution that took place 12,000 years ago.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'re","trying","to","reconstruct","a","revolution","that","took","place","12,000","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Today, only shadows remain of the people who experienced our distant past as their present.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Today",",","only","shadows","remain","of","the","people","who","experienced","our","distant","past","as","their","present","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"What remains from our past?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","remains","from","our","past","?"],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We can look at our present in crispy 4K, in color and sound.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","can","look","at","our","present","in","crispy","4","K",",","in","color","and","sound","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Three generations ago, the world was just black and white.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Three","generations","ago",",","the","world","was","just","black","and","white","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Further back, paintings and texts become our main way of experiencing the past.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Further","back",",","paintings","and","texts","become","our","main","way","of","experiencing","the","past","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A mere 20 generations before us today, every written word had to be copied by hand and reports became more scarce and less reliable.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":87,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["A","mere","20","generations","before","us","today",",","every","written","word","had","to","be","copied","by","hand","and","reports","became","more","scarce","and","less","reliable","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,17,18,15,29,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The first historian lived a mere 100 generations ago.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","first","historian","lived","a","mere","100","generations","ago","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Before him, there are only epics and legends and dead kings bragging on pieces of stone.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Before","him",",","there","are","only","epics","and","legends","and","dead","kings","bragging","on","pieces","of","stone","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"250 generations ago, there are only fragments left in the ground and images stripped of their original meaning.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":110,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["250","generations","ago",",","there","are","only","fragments","left","in","the","ground","and","images","stripped","of","their","original","meaning","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Eventually, humanity becomes basically invisible.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Eventually",",","humanity","becomes","basically","invisible","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Still, we do know some things about our ancestors.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Still",",","we","do","know","some","things","about","our","ancestors","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's try to tell their story and what it means for us today.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","try","to","tell","their","story","and","what","it","means","for","us","today","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"For some 2 million years or roughly 80,000 generations, the life of our ancestors was basically the same.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":84,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":103,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["For","some","2","million","years","or","roughly","80,000","generations",",","the","life","of","our","ancestors","was","basically","the","same","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"It was around 20,000 years or 800 generations ago that the behaviorally modern humans began a process that would change our lifestyle forever.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":141,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","was","around","20,000","years","or","800","generations","ago","that","the","behaviorally","modern","humans","began","a","process","that","would","change","our","lifestyle","forever","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Back then, there were about 1 million modern humans on Earth.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Back","then",",","there","were","about","1","million","modern","humans","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Most other human species had died out, probably with a little help from us.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Most","other","human","species","had","died","out",",","probably","with","a","little","help","from","us","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,31,32,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our ancestors' biology had given them the necessary tools.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Our","ancestors","'","biology","had","given","them","the","necessary","tools","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,9,7,8,8,0]}
{"text":"These were people just like you.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["These","were","people","just","like","you","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"They lived in communities of a few dozen people.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","lived","in","communities","of","a","few","dozen","people","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"Some hunted big game and were very mobile, others relied more on plants they collected, and others mostly stayed in one area with an abundance of seafood.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":153,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":28,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Some","hunted","big","game","and","were","very","mobile",",","others","relied","more","on","plants","they","collected",",","and","others","mostly","stayed","in","one","area","with","an","abundance","of","seafood","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,0,41,42,42,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This was the common state of humanity for most of our history, until a slow transition, step by step, turned into a revolution.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":25,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["This","was","the","common","state","of","humanity","for","most","of","our","history",",","until","a","slow","transition",",","step","by","step",",","turned","into","a","revolution","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The first solid evidence for this stems from the Jordan Valley, where our ancestors collected wild wheat more than 20,000 years ago.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","first","solid","evidence","for","this","stems","from","the","Jordan","Valley",",","where","our","ancestors","collected","wild","wheat","more","than","20,000","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They noticed that seeds in the ground made more plants the next year.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","noticed","that","seeds","in","the","ground","made","more","plants","the","next","year","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"This was a great supplement to hunting and gathering.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","was","a","great","supplement","to","hunting","and","gathering","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You could prepare some crops, return next year, build a temporary settlement, and have a secure food supply.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":82,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["You","could","prepare","some","crops",",","return","next","year",",","build","a","temporary","settlement",",","and","have","a","secure","food","supply","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,0,41,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Our ancestors used these bonus crops to bake the first bread and brew the first beer.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Our","ancestors","used","these","bonus","crops","to","bake","the","first","bread","and","brew","the","first","beer","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"With every generation, they gathered deeper knowledge about the plants and animals around them, and how to manipulate them to their advantage.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":140,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["With","every","generation",",","they","gathered","deeper","knowledge","about","the","plants","and","animals","around","them",",","and","how","to","manipulate","them","to","their","advantage","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"Very slowly, from generation to generation, pockets of knowledge expanded and were passed along to be expanded again.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":65,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Very","slowly",",","from","generation","to","generation",",","pockets","of","knowledge","expanded","and","were","passed","along","to","be","expanded","again","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This early agriculture started to drastically reduce the space our ancestors needed to feed one individual, which made it possible to stay in one place longer.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":158,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":26,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","early","agriculture","started","to","drastically","reduce","the","space","our","ancestors","needed","to","feed","one","individual",",","which","made","it","possible","to","stay","in","one","place","longer","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Around 12,000 years ago, these little pieces of progress had reached a critical mass.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Around","12,000","years","ago",",","these","little","pieces","of","progress","had","reached","a","critical","mass","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Most of the calories we consume today stem from about 15 different founder crops that humans began to domesticate in earnest in the next few thousand years.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":26,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Most","of","the","calories","we","consume","today","stem","from","about","15","different","founder","crops","that","humans","began","to","domesticate","in","earnest","in","the","next","few","thousand","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What we call the agricultural revolution was not a thing that began suddenly one day, it was a slow process driven by small groups over many generations.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["What","we","call","the","agricultural","revolution","was","not","a","thing","that","began","suddenly","one","day",",","it","was","a","slow","process","driven","by","small","groups","over","many","generations","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Eventually, gradual change gave rise to a new era.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Eventually",",","gradual","change","gave","rise","to","a","new","era","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,31,32,32,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"During the next few thousand years, progress would speed up and turn hunter-gatherers into farmers who lived in villages, towns, and then cities.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":27,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["During","the","next","few","thousand","years",",","progress","would","speed","up","and","turn","hunter","-","gatherers","into","farmers","who","lived","in","villages",",","towns",",","and","then","cities","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"When farmers moved into new areas, they replaced the nomadic tribes or turned them into farmers too.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":71,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["When","farmers","moved","into","new","areas",",","they","replaced","the","nomadic","tribes","or","turned","them","into","farmers","too","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This was neither easy nor painless.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","was","neither","easy","nor","painless","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In the early days, people had a diverse diet made up of up to 250 different plants and animals.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","the","early","days",",","people","had","a","diverse","diet","made","up","of","up","to","250","different","plants","and","animals","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For some of the groups transitioning to agriculture, the variation in their diets declined drastically, and some even seemed to have been undernourished.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":82,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":152,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":108,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["For","some","of","the","groups","transitioning","to","agriculture",",","the","variation","in","their","diets","declined","drastically",",","and","some","even","seemed","to","have","been","undernourished","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,23,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And living close together and with animals created a breeding ground for disease.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","living","close","together","and","with","animals","created","a","breeding","ground","for","disease","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Virtually every infectious disease caused by microorganisms that have adapted to humans arose in the last 10,000 years.","spans":[{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":88,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Virtually","every","infectious","disease","caused","by","microorganisms","that","have","adapted","to","humans","arose","in","the","last","10,000","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Mortality, especially among children, rose drastically.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Mortality",",","especially","among","children",",","rose","drastically","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,0,23,13,0]}
{"text":"Still, our numbers grew because living in the same place enabled women to bear far more children than before, and for a farmer, more kids mean more hands to work the fields.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":19,"token_start":5},{"end":172,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":114,"token_end":34,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Still",",","our","numbers","grew","because","living","in","the","same","place","enabled","women","to","bear","far","more","children","than","before",",","and","for","a","farmer",",","more","kids","mean","more","hands","to","work","the","fields","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Even with more people dying younger, villages and towns grew.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Even","with","more","people","dying","younger",",","villages","and","towns","grew","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,0]}
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{"text":"About 100 generations after the beginning of the Human Era, there were already 4 million of us.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["About","100","generations","after","the","beginning","of","the","Human","Era",",","there","were","already","4","million","of","us","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,13,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This increased the need for food and forced people to come up with ever more efficient ways of producing calories, solidifying our new lifestyle.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","increased","the","need","for","food","and","forced","people","to","come","up","with","ever","more","efficient","ways","of","producing","calories",",","solidifying","our","new","lifestyle","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Going back to hunting and gathering would have just meant death by starvation for most.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Going","back","to","hunting","and","gathering","would","have","just","meant","death","by","starvation","for","most","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,13,29,5,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"One question remains unanswered.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["One","question","remains","unanswered","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Why would people exchange the freedom of living off nature with a huge variety in food for the grind of agriculture and often more limited diets?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":143,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":25,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Why","would","people","exchange","the","freedom","of","living","off","nature","with","a","huge","variety","in","food","for","the","grind","of","agriculture","and","often","more","limited","diets","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Nobody knows for sure.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Nobody","knows","for","sure","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Climate change seems to have made the transition possible,","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":57,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Climate","change","seems","to","have","made","the","transition","possible",","],"tags":[1,2,17,18,15,29,5,6,33,0]}
{"text":"and some scientists argue that it was caused by external factors like undernourishment or overpopulation, both highly contested.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":127,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["and","some","scientists","argue","that","it","was","caused","by","external","factors","like","undernourishment","or","overpopulation",",","both","highly","contested","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Today, the most widely accepted idea is that it was a deliberate choice, made by countless communities around the globe.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":119,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Today",",","the","most","widely","accepted","idea","is","that","it","was","a","deliberate","choice",",","made","by","countless","communities","around","the","globe","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Maybe it's also connected with what makes us human, the ability to come together, develop shared identities, and exchange stories and knowledge.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":142,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":25,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Maybe","it","'s","also","connected","with","what","makes","us","human",",","the","ability","to","come","together",",","develop","shared","identities",",","and","exchange","stories","and","knowledge","."],"tags":[13,1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Some archaeologists think that groups of hunter-gatherers travelled long and far to celebrate, to hold feasts and rituals.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":121,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","archaeologists","think","that","groups","of","hunter","-","gatherers","travelled","long","and","far","to","celebrate",",","to","hold","feasts","and","rituals","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They would have used these occasions to talk about their version of innovation, better hunting and tool-making techniques,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","would","have","used","these","occasions","to","talk","about","their","version","of","innovation",",","better","hunting","and","tool","-","making","techniques",","],"tags":[1,15,15,29,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Maybe they even exchanged seeds.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Maybe","they","even","exchanged","seeds","."],"tags":[13,1,13,23,5,0]}
{"text":"It's not unlikely that these gatherings were the catalysts that spread the knowledge of agriculture through the many isolated groups of humanity.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":144,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","unlikely","that","these","gatherings","were","the","catalysts","that","spread","the","knowledge","of","agriculture","through","the","many","isolated","groups","of","humanity","."],"tags":[3,21,37,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"these humans might have taken the steps that led to our modern world, and we have much to be grateful for.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["these","humans","might","have","taken","the","steps","that","led","to","our","modern","world",",","and","we","have","much","to","be","grateful","for","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We are still the same humans today, even if it often doesn't feel that way.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","are","still","the","same","humans","today",",","even","if","it","often","does","n't","feel","that","way","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Maybe it's time to come together to share what we know and celebrate our existence once again, to begin another peaceful transition.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":131,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Maybe","it","'s","time","to","come","together","to","share","what","we","know","and","celebrate","our","existence","once","again",",","to","begin","another","peaceful","transition","."],"tags":[13,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"So, hopefully, in another 12,000 years, our descendants will look back on us today with gratitude for the amazing world they are able to inhabit.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":27,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["So",",","hopefully",",","in","another","12,000","years",",","our","descendants","will","look","back","on","us","today","with","gratitude","for","the","amazing","world","they","are","able","to","inhabit","."],"tags":[0,0,13,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,31,32,13,14,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"we present you with the 5th Human Era Calendar for the year 12,021.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["we","present","you","with","the","5th","Human","Era","Calendar","for","the","year","12,021","."],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This time, it's all about the journey of humanity.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","time",",","it","'s","all","about","the","journey","of","humanity","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You can get the limited edition now until we sell out, and then, never again.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["You","can","get","the","limited","edition","now","until","we","sell","out",",","and","then",",","never","again","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,13,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"As always, the calendar features 12 illustrated pages printed on high-quality paper in Europe and the US.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["As","always",",","the","calendar","features","12","illustrated","pages","printed","on","high","-","quality","paper","in","Europe","and","the","US","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And this year, the cover is especially shiny.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","this","year",",","the","cover","is","especially","shiny","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Not only does the calendar look great on walls and makes it easier to dream about a glorious future and realize how far we've come as a species,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":143,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":28,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Not","only","does","the","calendar","look","great","on","walls","and","makes","it","easier","to","dream","about","a","glorious","future","and","realize","how","far","we","'ve","come","as","a","species",","],"tags":[0,0,15,1,2,21,11,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"it's also the best way to support Kurzgesagt.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["it","'s","also","the","best","way","to","support","Kurzgesagt","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The calendar enables us to put in the time our videos need and release them for free for everyone.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":97,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","calendar","enables","us","to","put","in","the","time","our","videos","need","and","release","them","for","free","for","everyone","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"If you want, you can get the calendar with a hoodie or infographic posters or plushie.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["If","you","want",",","you","can","get","the","calendar","with","a","hoodie","or","infographic","posters","or","plushie","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We've made a few deals for you.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'ve","made","a","few","deals","for","you","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so much to the thousands of people who get the calendar every year and to the birbs who love what we try to do on this channel.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":135,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":28,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","to","the","thousands","of","people","who","get","the","calendar","every","year","and","to","the","birbs","who","love","what","we","try","to","do","on","this","channel","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We wish you a happy year 12,021, and let's all hope that it will be less exciting than 12,020.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","wish","you","a","happy","year","12,021",",","and","let","'s","all","hope","that","it","will","be","less","exciting","than","12,020","."],"tags":[1,19,9,7,8,8,8,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, have you ever wondered who actually invented the Internet?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So",",","have","you","ever","wondered","who","actually","invented","the","Internet","?"],"tags":[0,0,15,1,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Some people have become zillionaires thanks to the Internet, but all they did was invent clever ways of using the Internet.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Some","people","have","become","zillionaires","thanks","to","the","Internet",",","but","all","they","did","was","invent","clever","ways","of","using","the","Internet","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So the person who invented the Internet should be a gazillionaire equivalent to, say, God, shouldn't they?","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","the","person","who","invented","the","Internet","should","be","a","gazillionaire","equivalent","to",",","say",",","God",",","should","n't","they","?"],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Who should get the credit then?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Who","should","get","the","credit","then","?"],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,13,0]}
{"text":"Was it a British geek in a Swiss underground lab?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Was","it","a","British","geek","in","a","Swiss","underground","lab","?"],"tags":[21,1,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Or was it thanks to a myriad of smart scientists working on something they knew was useful but didn't realize would be so big?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":125,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":24,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Or","was","it","thanks","to","a","myriad","of","smart","scientists","working","on","something","they","knew","was","useful","but","did","n't","realize","would","be","so","big","?"],"tags":[0,21,1,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Well, let's try and get some facts straight.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Well",",","let","'s","try","and","get","some","facts","straight","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"There's the Internet, a whole bunch of computer networks connected to each other,","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","the","Internet",",","a","whole","bunch","of","computer","networks","connected","to","each","other",","],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"and then there's the World Wide Web, a way of making it easier to share information using all those interconnected computers.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":124,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["and","then","there","'s","the","World","Wide","Web",",","a","way","of","making","it","easier","to","share","information","using","all","those","interconnected","computers","."],"tags":[0,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The Internet as we know it today was at least 40 years in the making.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","Internet","as","we","know","it","today","was","at","least","40","years","in","the","making","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"One popular but wrong story is that the Internet was developed by the USA so they had a communication network that would survive a nuclear war.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":141,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":25,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["One","popular","but","wrong","story","is","that","the","Internet","was","developed","by","the","USA","so","they","had","a","communication","network","that","would","survive","a","nuclear","war","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"According to one of the founders of the first network, the ARPANET, in the 1960s, this first network experiment wasn't about communication at all,","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":111,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":21,"token_start":18},{"end":115,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":112,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":118,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":115,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":138,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":119,"token_end":25,"token_start":24},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":139,"token_end":27,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["According","to","one","of","the","founders","of","the","first","network",",","the","ARPANET",",","in","the","1960s",",","this","first","network","experiment","was","n't","about","communication","at","all",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"it was about optimizing processor usage or timesharing, which basically meant that scientists could share computer power too.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["it","was","about","optimizing","processor","usage","or","timesharing",",","which","basically","meant","that","scientists","could","share","computer","power","too","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"That was because until the 1960s, there was basically no network, you had big machines called mainframes, which sat in a room and processed computing tasks one at a time.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":169,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":32,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","was","because","until","the","1960s",",","there","was","basically","no","network",",","you","had","big","machines","called","mainframes",",","which","sat","in","a","room","and","processed","computing","tasks","one","at","a","time","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"With timesharing, these behemoths could process several tasks at a time, which meant their power could be used by several scientists at once.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["With","timesharing",",","these","behemoths","could","process","several","tasks","at","a","time",",","which","meant","their","power","could","be","used","by","several","scientists","at","once","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And obviously, once you start connecting computers together, you start to wonder about what you need to do to make communications between them easier.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":65,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":149,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","obviously",",","once","you","start","connecting","computers","together",",","you","start","to","wonder","about","what","you","need","to","do","to","make","communications","between","them","easier","."],"tags":[0,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Scientists around the world were trying to solve this problem.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Scientists","around","the","world","were","trying","to","solve","this","problem","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So let's look at some of the other key concepts that were developed elsewhere.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","let","'s","look","at","some","of","the","other","key","concepts","that","were","developed","elsewhere","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"In Britain there was a commercial network developed by the National Physical Laboratory but which never really got off the ground because it didn't get funding.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":159,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":26,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["In","Britain","there","was","a","commercial","network","developed","by","the","National","Physical","Laboratory","but","which","never","really","got","off","the","ground","because","it","did","n't","get","funding","."],"tags":[13,14,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"They did come up with the idea of packet switching, a way of avoiding congestion in busy networks by cutting up data at one end and putting it back together at the other.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":169,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":33,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","did","come","up","with","the","idea","of","packet","switching",",","a","way","of","avoiding","congestion","in","busy","networks","by","cutting","up","data","at","one","end","and","putting","it","back","together","at","the","other","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The French also played a role.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","French","also","played","a","role","."],"tags":[1,2,13,23,5,6,0]}
{"text":"They were working on a scientific network called Cyclades, but they didn't have a big budget,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["They","were","working","on","a","scientific","network","called","Cyclades",",","but","they","did","n't","have","a","big","budget",","],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"so they decided to work on direct connections between computers as opposed to working with gateway computers.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["so","they","decided","to","work","on","direct","connections","between","computers","as","opposed","to","working","with","gateway","computers","."],"tags":[0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Now as an aside here, this admittedly isn't very scientific, but according to one theory, a spin-off of their research was the word Antar-chnet.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":143,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":31,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Now","as","an","aside","here",",","this","admittedly","is","n't","very","scientific",",","but","according","to","one","theory",",","a","spin","-","off","of","their","research","was","the","word","Antar","-","chnet","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,13,21,37,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But you don't have to believe it if you don't want to.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","you","do","n't","have","to","believe","it","if","you","do","n't","want","to","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,17,18,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So now it's the early 1970s.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","now","it","'s","the","early","1970s","."],"tags":[0,13,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There's quite a lot of computer infrastructure, but communication is awkward and patchy because different networks can't talk to each other.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":139,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":23,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["There","'s","quite","a","lot","of","computer","infrastructure",",","but","communication","is","awkward","and","patchy","because","different","networks","ca","n't","talk","to","each","other","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"TCP-IP solves this problem.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["TCP","-","IP","solves","this","problem","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The TCP-IP protocols form the basic communication language of the internet,","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","TCP","-","IP","protocols","form","the","basic","communication","language","of","the","internet",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"they all arrive at their destination and can be reassembled.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["they","all","arrive","at","their","destination","and","can","be","reassembled","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Networks really began communicating with each other in 1975, so you could argue that was the beginning of the internet.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Networks","really","began","communicating","with","each","other","in","1975",",","so","you","could","argue","that","was","the","beginning","of","the","internet","."],"tags":[1,13,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Email was also very important.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Email","was","also","very","important","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"It was developed for ARPANET in 1972.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","was","developed","for","ARPANET","in","1972","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Most internet traffic in 1976 was email, because academics thought electronic post-it notes were dead cool.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Most","internet","traffic","in","1976","was","email",",","because","academics","thought","electronic","post","-","it","notes","were","dead","cool","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"With networks that could talk to each other, communication was becoming easier.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["With","networks","that","could","talk","to","each","other",",","communication","was","becoming","easier","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"But all this communication was just text-based, and it was pretty ugly to look at.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","all","this","communication","was","just","text","-","based",",","and","it","was","pretty","ugly","to","look","at","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In the 1980s, a Brit called Timothy Berners-Lee spent time with CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","the","1980s",",","a","Brit","called","Timothy","Berners","-","Lee","spent","time","with","CERN",",","the","European","Organization","for","Nuclear","Research",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"He wanted to manage the scientists' information and make it possible for them to share and interconnect their work easily, making progress more likely.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":150,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":25,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["He","wanted","to","manage","the","scientists","'","information","and","make","it","possible","for","them","to","share","and","interconnect","their","work","easily",",","making","progress","more","likely","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"He did so by inventing an interface using HTTP, HTML, and URLs that made internet browsers possible.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["He","did","so","by","inventing","an","interface","using","HTTP",",","HTML",",","and","URLs","that","made","internet","browsers","possible","."],"tags":[1,23,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"He called his browser the World Wide Web.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["He","called","his","browser","the","World","Wide","Web","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"So he didn't invent the internet, but he did invent the web.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","he","did","n't","invent","the","internet",",","but","he","did","invent","the","web","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The first ever website which he created was at CERN in France in August 1991.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","first","ever","website","which","he","created","was","at","CERN","in","France","in","August","1991","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So once the initial infrastructure was in place, the key technologies had been invented, message boards exploded in the 1980s,","spans":[{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":14,"token_start":1},{"end":103,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":112,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":104,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":113,"token_end":21,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["So","once","the","initial","infrastructure","was","in","place",",","the","key","technologies","had","been","invented",",","message","boards","exploded","in","the","1980s",","],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"the phone companies saw the commercial potential of digital communication, web browsers spread like wildfire in the early 1990s, and ordinary people discovered email.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":19,"token_start":11},{"end":165,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":133,"token_end":25,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["the","phone","companies","saw","the","commercial","potential","of","digital","communication",",","web","browsers","spread","like","wildfire","in","the","early","1990s",",","and","ordinary","people","discovered","email","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Then, the internet expanded rapidly and steadily and became workable for the masses from about 1995.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Then",",","the","internet","expanded","rapidly","and","steadily","and","became","workable","for","the","masses","from","about","1995","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,23,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Hold on, didn't US Vice President Al Gore invent the internet?","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Hold","on",",","did","n't","US","Vice","President","Al","Gore","invent","the","internet","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,15,37,1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"And if you read what he said exactly, you'd know he never claimed to have done.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","if","you","read","what","he","said","exactly",",","you","'d","know","he","never","claimed","to","have","done","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But many people credit him with energetically pushing legislation that encouraged the spread of the internet.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","many","people","credit","him","with","energetically","pushing","legislation","that","encouraged","the","spread","of","the","internet","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The internet exists because we need to communicate.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","internet","exists","because","we","need","to","communicate","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And most of us like doing it.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","most","of","us","like","doing","it","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"That's why humans have become the dominant species on Earth.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","why","humans","have","become","the","dominant","species","on","Earth","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You could argue that the internet is a natural evolutionary step and a manifestation of that need.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","could","argue","that","the","internet","is","a","natural","evolutionary","step","and","a","manifestation","of","that","need","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It wasn't invented by anyone in particular, but when the building blocks were put together by all those cool scientists from all over the place,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":143,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":26,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","was","n't","invented","by","anyone","in","particular",",","but","when","the","building","blocks","were","put","together","by","all","those","cool","scientists","from","all","over","the","place",","],"tags":[1,15,37,29,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"the internet became a communication tool, a retail tool, a research tool, a propaganda tool, a spying tool, a shopping tool, a dating tool, an entertainment tool,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":160,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":33,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["the","internet","became","a","communication","tool",",","a","retail","tool",",","a","research","tool",",","a","propaganda","tool",",","a","spying","tool",",","a","shopping","tool",",","a","dating","tool",",","an","entertainment","tool",","],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Ultimately, though, you're communicating, especially if you leave a comment, and that might make you a better human being.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Ultimately",",","though",",","you","'re","communicating",",","especially","if","you","leave","a","comment",",","and","that","might","make","you","a","better","human","being","."],"tags":[13,0,13,0,1,15,27,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Black hole stars may have been the largest stars that ever existed.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Black","hole","stars","may","have","been","the","largest","stars","that","ever","existed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They burned brighter than galaxies and were larger than any star today or that could ever exist in the future.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","burned","brighter","than","galaxies","and","were","larger","than","any","star","today","or","that","could","ever","exist","in","the","future","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But besides their scale, what makes them special and weird is that deep inside, they were occupied by a cosmic parasite, an endlessly hungry black hole.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":151,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":28,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","besides","their","scale",",","what","makes","them","special","and","weird","is","that","deep","inside",",","they","were","occupied","by","a","cosmic","parasite",",","an","endlessly","hungry","black","hole","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"How is that even possible?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["How","is","that","even","possible","?"],"tags":[13,21,1,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Black hole stars take the weirdness of black holes and go beyond to break everything we know about how stars form and grow.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Black","hole","stars","take","the","weirdness","of","black","holes","and","go","beyond","to","break","everything","we","know","about","how","stars","form","and","grow","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They were only possible during a short window of time in the early universe, but if they existed, they would solve one of the largest mysteries of cosmology.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":13,"token_start":4},{"end":156,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":29,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["They","were","only","possible","during","a","short","window","of","time","in","the","early","universe",",","but","if","they","existed",",","they","would","solve","one","of","the","largest","mysteries","of","cosmology","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Black hole stars were excessive any way you look at them.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Black","hole","stars","were","excessive","any","way","you","look","at","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The most massive stars today may have about 300 solar masses.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","most","massive","stars","today","may","have","about","300","solar","masses","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A black hole star had up to 10 million solar masses of nearly pure hydrogen.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","black","hole","star","had","up","to","10","million","solar","masses","of","nearly","pure","hydrogen","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's take a moment to look at what this means visually.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","take","a","moment","to","look","at","what","this","means","visually","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Its scale is beyond words.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Its","scale","is","beyond","words","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"and far below its surface is a black hole, growing rapidly as it devours billions upon billions of tons of matter per second.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":23,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["and","far","below","its","surface","is","a","black","hole",",","growing","rapidly","as","it","devours","billions","upon","billions","of","tons","of","matter","per","second","."],"tags":[0,11,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Normally, stars are born from gigantic clouds, collections of thousands or millions of solar masses of mostly hydrogen.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Normally",",","stars","are","born","from","gigantic","clouds",",","collections","of","thousands","or","millions","of","solar","masses","of","mostly","hydrogen","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In these clouds, matter starts to accumulate around the densest spots inside.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","these","clouds",",","matter","starts","to","accumulate","around","the","densest","spots","inside","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As these spots get denser, their gravitational pull intensifies and they grow faster.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":84,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","these","spots","get","denser",",","their","gravitational","pull","intensifies","and","they","grow","faster","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Eventually, they generate so much heat and pressure that they ignite fusion reactions and a new star is born.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Eventually",",","they","generate","so","much","heat","and","pressure","that","they","ignite","fusion","reactions","and","a","new","star","is","born","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But this puts a limit on their size.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","this","puts","a","limit","on","their","size","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Nuclear fusion releases enough radiation energy that the surrounding gas cloud is blown away.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Nuclear","fusion","releases","enough","radiation","energy","that","the","surrounding","gas","cloud","is","blown","away","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The new baby star can't gather more mass.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","new","baby","star","ca","n't","gather","more","mass","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"From now on, the star is living on the edge between two forces.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["From","now","on",",","the","star","is","living","on","the","edge","between","two","forces","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After millions or billions of years, the core runs out of fuel and the balance breaks, destroying the star.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["After","millions","or","billions","of","years",",","the","core","runs","out","of","fuel","and","the","balance","breaks",",","destroying","the","star","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,31,32,35,36,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But black hole stars were very, very different.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","black","hole","stars","were","very",",","very","different","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A few hundred million years after the Big Bang, when the universe was much smaller, all the matter in existence was much more concentrated.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":15,"token_start":10},{"end":110,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":21,"token_start":17},{"end":114,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":112,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":137,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":116,"token_end":25,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["A","few","hundred","million","years","after","the","Big","Bang",",","when","the","universe","was","much","smaller",",","all","the","matter","in","existence","was","much","more","concentrated","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The universe was much denser and hotter.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","universe","was","much","denser","and","hotter","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Dark matter was a dominant player, forming giant structures called dark matter halos.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Dark","matter","was","a","dominant","player",",","forming","giant","structures","called","dark","matter","halos","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These dark matter halos were so massive that they pulled in and concentrated unimaginably gigantic amounts of hydrogen gas, becoming the birthplaces of the first stars and galaxies.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":179,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":28,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["These","dark","matter","halos","were","so","massive","that","they","pulled","in","and","concentrated","unimaginably","gigantic","amounts","of","hydrogen","gas",",","becoming","the","birthplaces","of","the","first","stars","and","galaxies","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Epic clouds of hydrogen formed, some as massive as 100 million suns, more than the mass of small galaxies.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Epic","clouds","of","hydrogen","formed",",","some","as","massive","as","100","million","suns",",","more","than","the","mass","of","small","galaxies","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In this unique environment, that will never exist again, the enormous gravitational pull of the dark matter halos drew gas into its center and created extremely massive stars.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":113,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":19,"token_start":11},{"end":118,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":114,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":122,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":119,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":138,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":123,"token_end":24,"token_start":22},{"end":174,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":143,"token_end":29,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["In","this","unique","environment",",","that","will","never","exist","again",",","the","enormous","gravitational","pull","of","the","dark","matter","halos","drew","gas","into","its","center","and","created","extremely","massive","stars","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As we said before, when a star is born, it blows away the gas cloud that created it.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["As","we","said","before",",","when","a","star","is","born",",","it","blows","away","the","gas","cloud","that","created","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But these titanic gas clouds in the early universe were so large and massive that even after their birth,","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":104,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","these","titanic","gas","clouds","in","the","early","universe","were","so","large","and","massive","that","even","after","their","birth",","],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"more and more gas piled on the newborn star, making it grow to unbelievable proportions.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["more","and","more","gas","piled","on","the","newborn","star",",","making","it","grow","to","unbelievable","proportions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The young star is forced to grow and grow and grow, getting more and more massive, until in some cases, it reaches up to 10 million times the mass of our sun.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":157,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":34,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["The","young","star","is","forced","to","grow","and","grow","and","grow",",","getting","more","and","more","massive",",","until","in","some","cases",",","it","reaches","up","to","10","million","times","the","mass","of","our","sun","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Crushed by gravity, its core gets hotter and hotter, desperately pushing outwards, trying to blow itself apart, but to no avail.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Crushed","by","gravity",",","its","core","gets","hotter","and","hotter",",","desperately","pushing","outwards",",","trying","to","blow","itself","apart",",","but","to","no","avail","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There's too much mass and too much pressure.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","too","much","mass","and","too","much","pressure","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The balance is impossible to uphold.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","balance","is","impossible","to","uphold","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Like a supernova on fast forward, the core gets crushed into a black hole.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Like","a","supernova","on","fast","forward",",","the","core","gets","crushed","into","a","black","hole","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Normally, that would be the end.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Normally",",","that","would","be","the","end","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Today's stars go supernova, a black hole forms, and things calm down.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":68,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Today","'s","stars","go","supernova",",","a","black","hole","forms",",","and","things","calm","down","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But in this case, the star survives its own death.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","in","this","case",",","the","star","survives","its","own","death","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A tremendous explosion rocks the star from the inside, but it's not enough.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["A","tremendous","explosion","rocks","the","star","from","the","inside",",","but","it","'s","not","enough","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The star is so large and massive that not even a supernova can destroy it.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","star","is","so","large","and","massive","that","not","even","a","supernova","can","destroy","it","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But now it has a black hole for a heart.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","now","it","has","a","black","hole","for","a","heart","."],"tags":[0,13,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's tiny, a few tens of kilometers in the center of a thing the size of the solar system.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","tiny",",","a","few","tens","of","kilometers","in","the","center","of","a","thing","the","size","of","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The monster grows.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["The","monster","grows","."],"tags":[1,2,25,0]}
{"text":"Stars are born from ever-faster spinning and collapsing gas, and so they also spin.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Stars","are","born","from","ever","-","faster","spinning","and","collapsing","gas",",","and","so","they","also","spin","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"When a black hole is born from the core of a star, it keeps its angular momentum.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["When","a","black","hole","is","born","from","the","core","of","a","star",",","it","keeps","its","angular","momentum","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This means that matter that gets drawn in doesn't just fall in a straight line, but instead begins orbiting the black hole, in smaller and smaller circles, going faster and faster.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":179,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":34,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","that","matter","that","gets","drawn","in","does","n't","just","fall","in","a","straight","line",",","but","instead","begins","orbiting","the","black","hole",",","in","smaller","and","smaller","circles",",","going","faster","and","faster","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The result is an accretion disk where gas orbits at nearly the speed of light.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","result","is","an","accretion","disk","where","gas","orbits","at","nearly","the","speed","of","light","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Only a small amount of gas actually falls in at any given moment.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Only","a","small","amount","of","gas","actually","falls","in","at","any","given","moment","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,13,31,32,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Basically, black holes put a lot of food on the table and only nibble at it.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Basically",",","black","holes","put","a","lot","of","food","on","the","table","and","only","nibble","at","it","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But the matter trapped in the accretion disk doesn't have a good time.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","the","matter","trapped","in","the","accretion","disk","does","n't","have","a","good","time","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Friction and collisions between particles heat it up to temperatures of millions of degrees.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":50,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Friction","and","collisions","between","particles","heat","it","up","to","temperatures","of","millions","of","degrees","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,5,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Actively feeding black holes have accretion disks that are incredibly hot and powerful.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Actively","feeding","black","holes","have","accretion","disks","that","are","incredibly","hot","and","powerful","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This heat from the disk further restricts how much a black hole can devour.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","heat","from","the","disk","further","restricts","how","much","a","black","hole","can","devour","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Just like the core of stars, the super-hot material creates radiation that blows away most of the food within its reach.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Just","like","the","core","of","stars",",","the","super","-","hot","material","creates","radiation","that","blows","away","most","of","the","food","within","its","reach","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So even if a black hole had access to as much food as it desired, it can only grow slowly.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":14,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":78,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":20,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["So","even","if","a","black","hole","had","access","to","as","much","food","as","it","desired",",","it","can","only","grow","slowly","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,13,0]}
{"text":"A black hole embedded inside a black hole star is different.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["A","black","hole","embedded","inside","a","black","hole","star","is","different","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The enormous pressure surrounding it pushes down matter directly into the black hole, overcoming all restrictions on how fast it can consume.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","enormous","pressure","surrounding","it","pushes","down","matter","directly","into","the","black","hole",",","overcoming","all","restrictions","on","how","fast","it","can","consume","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This process is so violent and releases so much energy that the accretion disk becomes hotter and releases more radiation pressure than any star core ever could.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":15,"token_start":6},{"end":160,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":98,"token_end":26,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["This","process","is","so","violent","and","releases","so","much","energy","that","the","accretion","disk","becomes","hotter","and","releases","more","radiation","pressure","than","any","star","core","ever","could","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"An impossibly dangerous balance has been created.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["An","impossibly","dangerous","balance","has","been","created","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"For the next few million years, the black hole star is consumed from within.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["For","the","next","few","million","years",",","the","black","hole","star","is","consumed","from","within","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The black hole grows to thousands of solar masses and the bigger it gets, the faster it eats, which heats up the star even more and causes it to expand.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":151,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":31,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","black","hole","grows","to","thousands","of","solar","masses","and","the","bigger","it","gets",",","the","faster","it","eats",",","which","heats","up","the","star","even","more","and","causes","it","to","expand","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In its final phase, the black hole star has become over 30 times wider than our solar system.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","its","final","phase",",","the","black","hole","star","has","become","over","30","times","wider","than","our","solar","system","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The intense magnetic fields at its core spew out jets of plasma from the black hole's poles, which pierce through the star and shoot out into space, turning it into a cosmic beacon.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":180,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":35,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","intense","magnetic","fields","at","its","core","spew","out","jets","of","plasma","from","the","black","hole","'s","poles",",","which","pierce","through","the","star","and","shoot","out","into","space",",","turning","it","into","a","cosmic","beacon","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,35,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It must have been one of the most awe-inducing sights to ever exist in the universe.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","must","have","been","one","of","the","most","awe","-","inducing","sights","to","ever","exist","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,15,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But this also marks the end.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","this","also","marks","the","end","."],"tags":[0,1,13,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"It becomes too stretched and the accretion disk within too powerful.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","becomes","too","stretched","and","the","accretion","disk","within","too","powerful","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The parasite destroys its host, blowing it apart.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","parasite","destroys","its","host",",","blowing","it","apart","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A black hole with a mass of 100,000 suns rips its way out to hunt for new prey while leaving behind nothing but a star carcass.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":17,"token_start":13},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":25,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["A","black","hole","with","a","mass","of","100,000","suns","rips","its","way","out","to","hunt","for","new","prey","while","leaving","behind","nothing","but","a","star","carcass","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,35,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If black hole stars existed, they could explain one of the greatest mysteries of the universe.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","black","hole","stars","existed",",","they","could","explain","one","of","the","greatest","mysteries","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The supermassive black holes we see at the center of galaxies are just too big.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","supermassive","black","holes","we","see","at","the","center","of","galaxies","are","just","too","big","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They shouldn't be possible.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","should","n't","be","possible","."],"tags":[1,15,37,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Black holes born from regular supernovas can be a few tens of solar masses at most.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Black","holes","born","from","regular","supernovas","can","be","a","few","tens","of","solar","masses","at","most","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"And because of the process we explained before, they grow slowly after that.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","because","of","the","process","we","explained","before",",","they","grow","slowly","after","that","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If black holes merge, they can form slightly larger black holes of over 100 solar masses.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","black","holes","merge",",","they","can","form","slightly","larger","black","holes","of","over","100","solar","masses","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It should take billions and billions of years to make black holes with hundreds of thousands or even millions of solar masses.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":125,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","should","take","billions","and","billions","of","years","to","make","black","holes","with","hundreds","of","thousands","or","even","millions","of","solar","masses","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"And yet, we know that some supermassive black holes already had 800 million solar masses only 690 million years after the Big Bang.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":130,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":23,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","we","know","that","some","supermassive","black","holes","already","had","800","million","solar","masses","only","690","million","years","after","the","Big","Bang","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Black hole stars are a sort of black hole cheat code.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Black","hole","stars","are","a","sort","of","black","hole","cheat","code","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If they formed very early in our universe and the black holes that emerged from them were thousands of solar masses, then they could be the seeds for supermassive black holes.","spans":[{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":20,"token_start":0},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":117,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":125,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":122,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":131,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":127,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":134,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":133,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":173,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":136,"token_end":31,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["If","they","formed","very","early","in","our","universe","and","the","black","holes","that","emerged","from","them","were","thousands","of","solar","masses",",","then","they","could","be","the","seeds","for","supermassive","black","holes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"These seeds could take root in the center of the earliest galaxies, merging with others and drawing in enough matter to grow quickly and reliably.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":25,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["These","seeds","could","take","root","in","the","center","of","the","earliest","galaxies",",","merging","with","others","and","drawing","in","enough","matter","to","grow","quickly","and","reliably","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Very soon, we may be able to verify their past existence.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Very","soon",",","we","may","be","able","to","verify","their","past","existence","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The James Webb Space Telescope is turning its sensors to explore the farthest reaches of the universe, looking back in time, back to the early universe that we couldn't see before.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":16,"token_start":9},{"end":178,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":103,"token_end":33,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["The","James","Webb","Space","Telescope","is","turning","its","sensors","to","explore","the","farthest","reaches","of","the","universe",",","looking","back","in","time",",","back","to","the","early","universe","that","we","could","n't","see","before","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, with luck, we might be able to witness glimpses of these tragic titans in the brief moment between their formation and destruction.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":134,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So",",","with","luck",",","we","might","be","able","to","witness","glimpses","of","these","tragic","titans","in","the","brief","moment","between","their","formation","and","destruction","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,0,1,15,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Until then, let's do the visual journey again, just for fun.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Until","then",",","let","'s","do","the","visual","journey","again",",","just","for","fun","."],"tags":[13,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Stars are big.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Stars","are","big","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Planning a long-term project like the James Webb Space Telescope requires some serious budgeting.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":65,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Planning","a","long","-","term","project","like","the","James","Webb","Space","Telescope","requires","some","serious","budgeting","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But even personal finances are a nightmare to manage on your own.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","even","personal","finances","are","a","nightmare","to","manage","on","your","own","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"That's why we want to introduce you to Rocket Money, the sponsor of today's video.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","why","we","want","to","introduce","you","to","Rocket","Money",",","the","sponsor","of","today","'s","video","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Just as space exploration projects are planned by professionals, your finances deserve professional attention, too.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":79,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Just","as","space","exploration","projects","are","planned","by","professionals",",","your","finances","deserve","professional","attention",",","too","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Rocket Money is an all-in-one finance platform that helps with managing expenses and saving money.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":96,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Rocket","Money","is","an","all","-","in","-","one","finance","platform","that","helps","with","managing","expenses","and","saving","money","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You can use it to cancel unwanted subscriptions, lower your bills, create budgets, monitor your credit score, and create smart savings accounts.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":143,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":25,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","can","use","it","to","cancel","unwanted","subscriptions",",","lower","your","bills",",","create","budgets",",","monitor","your","credit","score",",","and","create","smart","savings","accounts","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The feature we like best is cancelling subscriptions.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","feature","we","like","best","is","cancelling","subscriptions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,0]}
{"text":"The platform identifies recurring charges and helps you cancel the ones you no longer want.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","platform","identifies","recurring","charges","and","helps","you","cancel","the","ones","you","no","longer","want","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"No need to go through long hold times with customer service, you just click Cancel within the app.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["No","need","to","go","through","long","hold","times","with","customer","service",",","you","just","click","Cancel","within","the","app","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,13,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You can also upload screenshots of bills that you want to lower, and Rocket Money will get to work negotiating your bill for you.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["You","can","also","upload","screenshots","of","bills","that","you","want","to","lower",",","and","Rocket","Money","will","get","to","work","negotiating","your","bill","for","you","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Join the 3.4 million members using Rocket Money to optimize their finances and download the app today.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Join","the","3.4","million","members","using","Rocket","Money","to","optimize","their","finances","and","download","the","app","today","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"You can get access to features like budgeting for free and unlock all features with a premium subscription.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["You","can","get","access","to","features","like","budgeting","for","free","and","unlock","all","features","with","a","premium","subscription","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Rocket Money makes it easier than ever to spend less and save more.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Rocket","Money","makes","it","easier","than","ever","to","spend","less","and","save","more","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Basically, managing your money doesn't have to be rocket science.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Basically",",","managing","your","money","does","n't","have","to","be","rocket","science","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,15,37,17,18,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"We know you've been waiting for a long time.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","know","you","'ve","been","waiting","for","a","long","time","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's reveal the next limited edition pin.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","reveal","the","next","limited","edition","pin","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"It's our universe to scale.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","our","universe","to","scale","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,0]}
{"text":"About 10 to the power of minus 35 seconds after the Big Bang, the observable universe was only the size of a marble before it expanded.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":88,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":86,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":114,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":23,"token_start":18},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":116,"token_end":26,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["About","10","to","the","power","of","minus","35","seconds","after","the","Big","Bang",",","the","observable","universe","was","only","the","size","of","a","marble","before","it","expanded","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Pre-order is available for only 72 hours, so you can order it now and then never again.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Pre","-","order","is","available","for","only","72","hours",",","so","you","can","order","it","now","and","then","never","again","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Add it to your pin collection or start a new one.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Add","it","to","your","pin","collection","or","start","a","new","one","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Pin number three will be revealed soon.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Pin","number","three","will","be","revealed","soon","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,13,0]}
{"text":"And as the year 12,022 is slowly coming to an end, just kidding, time flies by way too fast, we'll take a short break to recharge our batteries.","spans":[{"end":95,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":95,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":103,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":99,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":117,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":27,"token_start":25},{"end":143,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":118,"token_end":31,"token_start":28}],"tokens":["And","as","the","year","12,022","is","slowly","coming","to","an","end",",","just","kidding",",","time","flies","by","way","too","fast",",","we","'ll","take","a","short","break","to","recharge","our","batteries","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We wish you a peaceful and cozy turn of the year.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","wish","you","a","peaceful","and","cozy","turn","of","the","year","."],"tags":[1,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"See you back at full throttle in January.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["See","you","back","at","full","throttle","in","January","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Since the Industrial Revolution, humans have released over 1.5 trillion tons of carbon dioxide or CO2 into the Earth's atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":16,"token_start":8},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Since","the","Industrial","Revolution",",","humans","have","released","over","1.5","trillion","tons","of","carbon","dioxide","or","CO2","into","the","Earth","'s","atmosphere","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the year 2019, we were still pumping out around 37 billion more.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","the","year","2019",",","we","were","still","pumping","out","around","37","billion","more","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That's 50% more than the year 2000 and almost three times as much as 50 years ago.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","50","%","more","than","the","year","2000","and","almost","three","times","as","much","as","50","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And it's not just CO2.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","it","'s","not","just","CO2","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"We're also pumping out growing volumes of other greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","'re","also","pumping","out","growing","volumes","of","other","greenhouse","gases","such","as","methane","and","nitrous","oxide","."],"tags":[1,15,13,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Combining all of our greenhouse gases, we're emitting 51 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalents each year.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":16,"token_start":10},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Combining","all","of","our","greenhouse","gases",",","we","'re","emitting","51","billion","tons","of","carbon","dioxide","equivalents","each","year","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"And emissions keep rising.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","emissions","keep","rising","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"But they need to get down to zero.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","they","need","to","get","down","to","zero","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In recent years, the consequences have become more serious and visible.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","recent","years",",","the","consequences","have","become","more","serious","and","visible","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Almost every year breaks some horrible record.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Almost","every","year","breaks","some","horrible","record","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We've had more heatwaves, the most glaciers melting and the lowest amount of ice ever recorded at the North Pole.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":21,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'ve","had","more","heatwaves",",","the","most","glaciers","melting","and","the","lowest","amount","of","ice","ever","recorded","at","the","North","Pole","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Of the last 22 years, 20 have been the hottest on record.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Of","the","last","22","years",",","20","have","been","the","hottest","on","record","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The only way to limit this rapid climate change is to decrease our collective emissions quickly.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":95,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","only","way","to","limit","this","rapid","climate","change","is","to","decrease","our","collective","emissions","quickly","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But although all countries agree on this goal in principle, they do not agree who is responsible or who should bear the heaviest load.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":71,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":24,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["But","although","all","countries","agree","on","this","goal","in","principle",",","they","do","not","agree","who","is","responsible","or","who","should","bear","the","heaviest","load","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The developed countries point at their own efforts to reduce emissions and the fact that the large developing countries on the rise,","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","developed","countries","point","at","their","own","efforts","to","reduce","emissions","and","the","fact","that","the","large","developing","countries","on","the","rise",","],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"On the other hand, developing countries argue that emissions by the West are lifestyle emissions, while for developing countries, they are survival emissions.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":157,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":25,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["On","the","other","hand",",","developing","countries","argue","that","emissions","by","the","West","are","lifestyle","emissions",",","while","for","developing","countries",",","they","are","survival","emissions","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Others call rich countries hypocrites that got rich by polluting without restraint and now expect others not to industrialize and stay poor.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":138,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Others","call","rich","countries","hypocrites","that","got","rich","by","polluting","without","restraint","and","now","expect","others","not","to","industrialize","and","stay","poor","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"So, who is responsible for climate change and CO2 emissions?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So",",","who","is","responsible","for","climate","change","and","CO2","emissions","?"],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And regardless of the past, who needs to do the most today?","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","regardless","of","the","past",",","who","needs","to","do","the","most","today","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In this video, we'll talk exclusively about nation states.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","this","video",",","we","'ll","talk","exclusively","about","nation","states","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We'll look at the fossil fuel industry in another video.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","'ll","look","at","the","fossil","fuel","industry","in","another","video","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Question 1 of 3. Which countries emit the most carbon dioxide today?","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Question","1","of","3",".","Which","countries","emit","the","most","carbon","dioxide","today","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,13,0]}
{"text":"In 2017, humans emitted about 36 billion tons of CO2.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","2017",",","humans","emitted","about","36","billion","tons","of","CO2","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"More than 50% came from Asia.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["More","than","50","%","came","from","Asia","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,13,14,0]}
{"text":"North America and Europe followed with 18% and 17%.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["North","America","and","Europe","followed","with","18","%","and","17","%","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"While Africa, South America and Oceania together only contributed 8%.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["While","Africa",",","South","America","and","Oceania","together","only","contributed","8","%","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,23,5,6,0]}
{"text":"China is by far the world's largest emitter with 10 billion tons of CO2 every year or 27% of global emissions.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["China","is","by","far","the","world","'s","largest","emitter","with","10","billion","tons","of","CO2","every","year","or","27","%","of","global","emissions","."],"tags":[1,21,13,14,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's followed by the USA with 15% and the European Union with around 10%.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","followed","by","the","USA","with","15","%","and","the","European","Union","with","around","10","%","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Together, this is more than half of the world's CO2 emissions.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Together",",","this","is","more","than","half","of","the","world","'s","CO2","emissions","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So, it's clear that without the willingness and action of these three industrial blocks,","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So",",","it","'s","clear","that","without","the","willingness","and","action","of","these","three","industrial","blocks",","],"tags":[0,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"humanity will not be able to become carbon neutral and prevent severe climate change.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["humanity","will","not","be","able","to","become","carbon","neutral","and","prevent","severe","climate","change","."],"tags":[1,15,37,17,18,18,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Next on our list is India at 7%, Russia at 5%, Japan at 3% and Iran, Saudi Arabia, South Korea and Canada all just short of 2%.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":105,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":28,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Next","on","our","list","is","India","at","7","%",",","Russia","at","5","%",",","Japan","at","3","%","and","Iran",",","Saudi","Arabia",",","South","Korea","and","Canada","all","just","short","of","2","%","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Together with the first three, the top ten are responsible for 75% of global emissions.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Together","with","the","first","three",",","the","top","ten","are","responsible","for","75","%","of","global","emissions","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But if we only look at the current situation, we're not getting the full picture.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","if","we","only","look","at","the","current","situation",",","we","'re","not","getting","the","full","picture","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,27,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Question 2 of 3. Which countries have emitted the most in total?","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Question","2","of","3",".","Which","countries","have","emitted","the","most","in","total","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,1,2,15,29,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If we look at emissions throughout history until today, the outlook changes drastically.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","we","look","at","emissions","throughout","history","until","today",",","the","outlook","changes","drastically","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,13,0]}
{"text":"The US and the EU both knock China off the top spot.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","US","and","the","EU","both","knock","China","off","the","top","spot","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The US is responsible for 25% of the world's historical emissions, emitting 400 billion tons, mostly in the 20th century.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":12,"token_start":3},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","US","is","responsible","for","25","%","of","the","world","'s","historical","emissions",",","emitting","400","billion","tons",",","mostly","in","the","20th","century","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In second place is the EU at 22%.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["In","second","place","is","the","EU","at","22","%","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"China comes in third at just under 13%, around half of the USA's contribution.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["China","comes","in","third","at","just","under","13","%",",","around","half","of","the","USA","'s","contribution","."],"tags":[1,31,32,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"India's contribution shrinks to 3% along with the whole of Africa and South America.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["India","'s","contribution","shrinks","to","3","%","along","with","the","whole","of","Africa","and","South","America","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The UK is responsible for 1% of annual global emissions but takes 5% of the historical responsibility.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","UK","is","responsible","for","1","%","of","annual","global","emissions","but","takes","5","%","of","the","historical","responsibility","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Germany, producing 2% of emissions per year today, has contributed almost 6% as much as the whole of Africa and South America combined.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":134,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":26,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Germany",",","producing","2","%","of","emissions","per","year","today",",","has","contributed","almost","6","%","as","much","as","the","whole","of","Africa","and","South","America","combined","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So the narrative that rapid climate change is really the responsibility of the developing world is hard to defend if facts matter to you.","spans":[{"end":95,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":14,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":96,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":113,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":18,"token_start":16},{"end":136,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":114,"token_end":23,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["So","the","narrative","that","rapid","climate","change","is","really","the","responsibility","of","the","developing","world","is","hard","to","defend","if","facts","matter","to","you","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But this is still not the whole story, because focusing on countries mixes two things, population numbers and total emissions.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","this","is","still","not","the","whole","story",",","because","focusing","on","countries","mixes","two","things",",","population","numbers","and","total","emissions","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,37,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If a country has more people in general, its emissions are of course higher.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","a","country","has","more","people","in","general",",","its","emissions","are","of","course","higher","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,13,14,11,0]}
{"text":"Things look very different if we look at individuals like you, dear viewer.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Things","look","very","different","if","we","look","at","individuals","like","you",",","dear","viewer","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Question 3 of 3. Which countries emit the most carbon dioxide per person?","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Question","3","of","3",".","Which","countries","emit","the","most","carbon","dioxide","per","person","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The average human is responsible for around 5 tons of CO2 each year.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","average","human","is","responsible","for","around","5","tons","of","CO2","each","year","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But averages can be misleading.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","averages","can","be","misleading","."],"tags":[0,1,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The countries with the largest CO2 emissions per person are some of the world's major oil and gas producers.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","countries","with","the","largest","CO2","emissions","per","person","are","some","of","the","world","'s","major","oil","and","gas","producers","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In 2017, Qatar had the highest emissions at a hefty 49 tons per person, followed by Trinidad and Tobago, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Brunei, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","2017",",","Qatar","had","the","highest","emissions","at","a","hefty","49","tons","per","person",",","followed","by","Trinidad","and","Tobago",",","Kuwait",",","the","United","Arab","Emirates",",","Brunei",",","Bahrain","and","Saudi","Arabia","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But those are outliers.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","those","are","outliers","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Australians have one of the highest carbon footprints per person, 17 tons a year.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Australians","have","one","of","the","highest","carbon","footprints","per","person",",","17","tons","a","year","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That's more than triple the global average and slightly more than the average US American and Canadian at 16 tons.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":112,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","more","than","triple","the","global","average","and","slightly","more","than","the","average","US","American","and","Canadian","at","16","tons","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The Germans do a little better at close to 10 tons, but this is still twice the global average.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","Germans","do","a","little","better","at","close","to","10","tons",",","but","this","is","still","twice","the","global","average","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"China may be the world's largest emitter, but it's also the world's most populous country with over 1.4 billion people, 18.5% of the world population.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":149,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":30,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["China","may","be","the","world","'s","largest","emitter",",","but","it","'s","also","the","world","'s","most","populous","country","with","over","1.4","billion","people",",","18.5","%","of","the","world","population","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Per person, it's above average at 7 tons.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Per","person",",","it","'s","above","average","at","7","tons","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,12,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Historically, CO2 emissions have been closely tied to a high standard of living.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Historically",",","CO2","emissions","have","been","closely","tied","to","a","high","standard","of","living","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Wealth is one of the strongest indicators of our carbon footprint, because as we move from poor to rich,","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Wealth","is","one","of","the","strongest","indicators","of","our","carbon","footprint",",","because","as","we","move","from","poor","to","rich",","],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"we gain access to electricity, heating, air conditioning, lighting, modern cooking, cars or planes, smartphones, computers and interact with people across the world online.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":122,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":22,"token_start":2},{"end":171,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":127,"token_end":30,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["we","gain","access","to","electricity",",","heating",",","air","conditioning",",","lighting",",","modern","cooking",",","cars","or","planes",",","smartphones",",","computers","and","interact","with","people","across","the","world","online","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The enormous rise of China's CO2 emissions is coupled with the greatest reduction of poverty in history.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","enormous","rise","of","China","'s","CO2","emissions","is","coupled","with","the","greatest","reduction","of","poverty","in","history","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If we order CO2 emissions by income, we see that the richest half of countries are responsible for 86% of global emissions and the bottom half for only 14%.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":155,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":31,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["If","we","order","CO2","emissions","by","income",",","we","see","that","the","richest","half","of","countries","are","responsible","for","86","%","of","global","emissions","and","the","bottom","half","for","only","14","%","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The average German emits more than five times as much as the average Indian.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","average","German","emits","more","than","five","times","as","much","as","the","average","Indian","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In just 2.3 days, the average American emits as much as the average Nigerian in a year.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["In","just","2.3","days",",","the","average","American","emits","as","much","as","the","average","Nigerian","in","a","year","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And not only that, the harsh reality is that it's the countries that contribute least to the problem that stand to lose the most from rapid climate change.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":154,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":29,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","not","only","that",",","the","harsh","reality","is","that","it","'s","the","countries","that","contribute","least","to","the","problem","that","stand","to","lose","the","most","from","rapid","climate","change","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The developing world will be hit the hardest.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","developing","world","will","be","hit","the","hardest","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The consequences could be food insecurity, conflicts over resources, harsher and more frequent natural disasters and large climate refugee movements.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":147,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","consequences","could","be","food","insecurity",",","conflicts","over","resources",",","harsher","and","more","frequent","natural","disasters","and","large","climate","refugee","movements","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Question 4\/3. So who should take responsibility ?","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Question","4\/3",".","So","who","should","take","responsibility","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,0,1,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Many of today's richest countries are in a convenient position.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Many","of","today","'s","richest","countries","are","in","a","convenient","position","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They have become rich over centuries of fossil fuel burning and industrial production.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","have","become","rich","over","centuries","of","fossil","fuel","burning","and","industrial","production","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They have a large historical footprint and their wealth means they still emit a lot per person.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["They","have","a","large","historical","footprint","and","their","wealth","means","they","still","emit","a","lot","per","person","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But their country's annual emissions are now dwarfed by other countries because the giant that is China is finally catching up and other giants like India are on their way.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":171,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":30,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","their","country","'s","annual","emissions","are","now","dwarfed","by","other","countries","because","the","giant","that","is","China","is","finally","catching","up","and","other","giants","like","India","are","on","their","way","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Many Germans, for example, wonder how, if Germany only accounts for 2% of yearly emissions, it can have a meaningful impact on reducing emissions.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":145,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":28,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Many","Germans",",","for","example",",","wonder","how",",","if","Germany","only","accounts","for","2","%","of","yearly","emissions",",","it","can","have","a","meaningful","impact","on","reducing","emissions","."],"tags":[1,2,0,13,14,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The answer is simple.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","answer","is","simple","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"For one, the richest countries have the resources, highly educated workforces and technology to develop low-cost, low-carbon solutions and spread them around the world.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":166,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":30,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["For","one",",","the","richest","countries","have","the","resources",",","highly","educated","workforces","and","technology","to","develop","low","-","cost",",","low","-","carbon","solutions","and","spread","them","around","the","world","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If we don't want poorer countries to become as fossil fuel dependent as we are, we need low-carbon technology to be cheap and available.","spans":[{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":83,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":22,"token_start":19},{"end":135,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":27,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["If","we","do","n't","want","poorer","countries","to","become","as","fossil","fuel","dependent","as","we","are",",","we","need","low","-","carbon","technology","to","be","cheap","and","available","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"And we're getting there.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","we","'re","getting","there","."],"tags":[0,1,15,27,13,0]}
{"text":"The cost of renewables is falling quickly and a variety of solutions are on the horizon for many different sectors.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","cost","of","renewables","is","falling","quickly","and","a","variety","of","solutions","are","on","the","horizon","for","many","different","sectors","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,27,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But it needs to happen much faster.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","it","needs","to","happen","much","faster","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If the rich countries of the West decide to seriously tackle rapid climate change, the rest of the world would follow because it has no choice.","spans":[{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":103,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":19,"token_start":15},{"end":109,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":105,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":116,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":111,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":118,"token_end":26,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["If","the","rich","countries","of","the","West","decide","to","seriously","tackle","rapid","climate","change",",","the","rest","of","the","world","would","follow","because","it","has","no","choice","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"the rest of the world adopted them too because they wanted to be able to continue trading with the bloc.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["the","rest","of","the","world","adopted","them","too","because","they","wanted","to","be","able","to","continue","trading","with","the","bloc","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,5,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Still, this doesn't absolve others of their responsibility.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Still",",","this","does","n't","absolve","others","of","their","responsibility","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,37,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"China is the largest CO2 emitter today and it's China's responsibility to grow in a way that will make it possible to transition to a zero-carbon world in time.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":159,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":32,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["China","is","the","largest","CO2","emitter","today","and","it","'s","China","'s","responsibility","to","grow","in","a","way","that","will","make","it","possible","to","transition","to","a","zero","-","carbon","world","in","time","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Others acting irresponsibly yesterday is a horrible excuse for repeating the same mistakes today.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Others","acting","irresponsibly","yesterday","is","a","horrible","excuse","for","repeating","the","same","mistakes","today","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Climate change is a global problem and no country alone can fix it.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Climate","change","is","a","global","problem","and","no","country","alone","can","fix","it","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Working out who's responsible is not as simple as it seems and in a way it's a daft question, but one that has plagued international politics for decades.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":153,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":30,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Working","out","who","'s","responsible","is","not","as","simple","as","it","seems","and","in","a","way","it","'s","a","daft","question",",","but","one","that","has","plagued","international","politics","for","decades","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In the end, it's pretty simple.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","it","'s","pretty","simple","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Everybody needs to do the best they can.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Everybody","needs","to","do","the","best","they","can","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But we can begin today.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","we","can","begin","today","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,13,0]}
{"text":"If you had to choose right now, how long would you want to live?","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","had","to","choose","right","now",",","how","long","would","you","want","to","live","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,15,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"And do you think you'll change your mind once you reach that age?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","do","you","think","you","'ll","change","your","mind","once","you","reach","that","age","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"50,000 years ago, most humans died very young.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["50,000","years","ago",",","most","humans","died","very","young","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,23,13,14,0]}
{"text":"As we learned how to use the resources around us to treat ourselves, this got better and better.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":76,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["As","we","learned","how","to","use","the","resources","around","us","to","treat","ourselves",",","this","got","better","and","better","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Today, humans are living longer and healthier lives than ever before.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Today",",","humans","are","living","longer","and","healthier","lives","than","ever","before","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But this has an unforeseen consequence.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","this","has","an","unforeseen","consequence","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We spend an ever-increasing part of our lives being sick and in need of care.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","spend","an","ever","-","increasing","part","of","our","lives","being","sick","and","in","need","of","care","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Most of us will die in a hospital bed, which is depressing enough by itself, but we also have to witness the same happening to our loved ones.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Most","of","us","will","die","in","a","hospital","bed",",","which","is","depressing","enough","by","itself",",","but","we","also","have","to","witness","the","same","happening","to","our","loved","ones","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Except, maybe, we can stop this forever.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Except",",","maybe",",","we","can","stop","this","forever","."],"tags":[13,0,13,0,1,15,19,5,13,0]}
{"text":"The most effective way to treat a disease is to prevent it.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","most","effective","way","to","treat","a","disease","is","to","prevent","it","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It saves many more lives if you stop a million people from smoking than coming up with better chemotherapies.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["It","saves","many","more","lives","if","you","stop","a","million","people","from","smoking","than","coming","up","with","better","chemotherapies","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, aging is caused by physics and not biology.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","aging","is","caused","by","physics","and","not","biology","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Think of cars.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Think","of","cars","."],"tags":[31,32,5,0]}
{"text":"Parts wear down from rubbing and grinding.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Parts","wear","down","from","rubbing","and","grinding","."],"tags":[1,31,32,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Metal rusts, filters get plugged, rubber cracks.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Metal","rusts",",","filters","get","plugged",",","rubber","cracks","."],"tags":[1,25,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Our bodies are worn down by trillions of tiny physical processes.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Our","bodies","are","worn","down","by","trillions","of","tiny","physical","processes","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our bodies have many mechanisms to repair this damage, but over time they become less effective.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Our","bodies","have","many","mechanisms","to","repair","this","damage",",","but","over","time","they","become","less","effective","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So our bones and muscles weaken, our skin wrinkles, our immune system gets weaker.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","our","bones","and","muscles","weaken",",","our","skin","wrinkles",",","our","immune","system","gets","weaker","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We lose our memory and our senses diminish.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","lose","our","memory","and","our","senses","diminish","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There's no such thing as dying of old age.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","no","such","thing","as","dying","of","old","age","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We still die because one of our important parts breaks.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","still","die","because","one","of","our","important","parts","breaks","."],"tags":[1,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The older we get, the more damaged and fragile we become, until one or multiple diseases take over and kill us.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","older","we","get",",","the","more","damaged","and","fragile","we","become",",","until","one","or","multiple","diseases","take","over","and","kill","us","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,12,12,1,21,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Unnoticed by most of us, longevity research has made some unprecedented advances in the last few years.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Unnoticed","by","most","of","us",",","longevity","research","has","made","some","unprecedented","advances","in","the","last","few","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For the first time, we're starting to understand the mechanisms behind aging and how to manipulate them.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","the","first","time",",","we","'re","starting","to","understand","the","mechanisms","behind","aging","and","how","to","manipulate","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Aging is neither mystical nor inevitable, and we might be able to stop or delay it during your lifetime.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Aging","is","neither","mystical","nor","inevitable",",","and","we","might","be","able","to","stop","or","delay","it","during","your","lifetime","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We'll discuss the science behind it and how scientists are trying to stop it in another video.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":14,"token_start":3},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["We","'ll","discuss","the","science","behind","it","and","how","scientists","are","trying","to","stop","it","in","another","video","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But first, if we could, should we end aging?","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","first",",","if","we","could",",","should","we","end","aging","?"],"tags":[0,13,0,13,14,14,0,15,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Is this a good idea?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Is","this","a","good","idea","?"],"tags":[21,1,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The end of aging or life extension makes many people uncomfortable.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","end","of","aging","or","life","extension","makes","many","people","uncomfortable","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,33,0]}
{"text":"We're born, are young, become older, and then we die.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","'re","born",",","are","young",",","become","older",",","and","then","we","die","."],"tags":[1,15,29,0,41,42,0,41,42,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This has been the natural order for literally all of human history.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","has","been","the","natural","order","for","literally","all","of","human","history","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And getting old is a good thing, right?","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","getting","old","is","a","good","thing",",","right","?"],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We celebrate the idea of living long enough to experience old age.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","celebrate","the","idea","of","living","long","enough","to","experience","old","age","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We even call them the golden years.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","even","call","them","the","golden","years","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But the reality is that everybody wants to become old, but nobody wants to be old.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","the","reality","is","that","everybody","wants","to","become","old",",","but","nobody","wants","to","be","old","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Think of the Greek myth of Tythonus, for example.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Think","of","the","Greek","myth","of","Tythonus",",","for","example","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Tythonus was the lover of the goddess Eos, and probably an amazing dude, because she begged Zeus to grant him immortality so they could spend eternity together.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":158,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":28,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Tythonus","was","the","lover","of","the","goddess","Eos",",","and","probably","an","amazing","dude",",","because","she","begged","Zeus","to","grant","him","immortality","so","they","could","spend","eternity","together","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But she forgot to specifically ask for eternal youth.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","she","forgot","to","specifically","ask","for","eternal","youth","."],"tags":[0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Tythonus was granted eternal life, but he kept aging, unable to die.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Tythonus","was","granted","eternal","life",",","but","he","kept","aging",",","unable","to","die","."],"tags":[1,15,29,33,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"After a few hundred years, he was reduced to the size of a grape, babbling on senselessly forever.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["After","a","few","hundred","years",",","he","was","reduced","to","the","size","of","a","grape",",","babbling","on","senselessly","forever","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Thousands of years ago, humans already feared never-ending old age.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Thousands","of","years","ago",",","humans","already","feared","never","-","ending","old","age","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But ending aging does not mean getting weaker and weaker.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","ending","aging","does","not","mean","getting","weaker","and","weaker","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you become too old, it's too late.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","you","become","too","old",",","it","'s","too","late","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"A 90-year-old who stopped aging would die anyway after a few years.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["A","90","-","year","-","old","who","stopped","aging","would","die","anyway","after","a","few","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Too much damage has been done to his internal machinery.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Too","much","damage","has","been","done","to","his","internal","machinery","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There are already too many surfaces for disease to attack.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","are","already","too","many","surfaces","for","disease","to","attack","."],"tags":[3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Instead, the concept of life extension promises to end diseases, and with them, the end of a fixed maximum age.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Instead",",","the","concept","of","life","extension","promises","to","end","diseases",",","and","with","them",",","the","end","of","a","fixed","maximum","age","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We don't know how much we could prolong our lives.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","how","much","we","could","prolong","our","lives","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We might make every human healthy to the currently accepted maximum age of around 120, or we might stop biological aging and disease indefinitely.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":85,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":14,"token_start":6},{"end":145,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":90,"token_end":24,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["We","might","make","every","human","healthy","to","the","currently","accepted","maximum","age","of","around","120",",","or","we","might","stop","biological","aging","and","disease","indefinitely","."],"tags":[1,15,19,1,2,2,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Nobody knows at this point what's possible.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Nobody","knows","at","this","point","what","'s","possible","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Well, life extension is really just another phrase for medicine.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Well",",","life","extension","is","really","just","another","phrase","for","medicine","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"All the doctors are doing is trying to prolong life and minimize suffering.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","the","doctors","are","doing","is","trying","to","prolong","life","and","minimize","suffering","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The vast majority of healthcare resources are spent on the consequences of aging.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","vast","majority","of","healthcare","resources","are","spent","on","the","consequences","of","aging","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Nearly half of your lifetime healthcare costs will be spent during your senior years, and another third during middle age.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":90,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Nearly","half","of","your","lifetime","healthcare","costs","will","be","spent","during","your","senior","years",",","and","another","third","during","middle","age","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We are actually already trying to prolong life with our current medicine, we're just doing it very inefficiently.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","are","actually","already","trying","to","prolong","life","with","our","current","medicine",",","we","'re","just","doing","it","very","inefficiently","."],"tags":[1,15,13,13,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Trying to stop aging from happening is not less natural than transplanting a heart, treating cancer with chemotherapy, using antibiotics or vaccines.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":147,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":23,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Trying","to","stop","aging","from","happening","is","not","less","natural","than","transplanting","a","heart",",","treating","cancer","with","chemotherapy",",","using","antibiotics","or","vaccines","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Nothing humans do nowadays is purely natural anymore, and we enjoy the highest standard of living ever as a consequence of that.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Nothing","humans","do","nowadays","is","purely","natural","anymore",",","and","we","enjoy","the","highest","standard","of","living","ever","as","a","consequence","of","that","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"What we're doing right now is waiting until it's too late and the machine is failing.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["What","we","'re","doing","right","now","is","waiting","until","it","'s","too","late","and","the","machine","is","failing","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And then we use the vast majority of our resources trying to fix it as well as we can, while it breaks down even further.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":120,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":25,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","then","we","use","the","vast","majority","of","our","resources","trying","to","fix","it","as","well","as","we","can",",","while","it","breaks","down","even","further","."],"tags":[0,13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But life extension still feels hubristic.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","life","extension","still","feels","hubristic","."],"tags":[0,1,2,13,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Most people assume that they will want to die once they reach a certain age, and this might still be true.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":14,"token_start":3},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Most","people","assume","that","they","will","want","to","die","once","they","reach","a","certain","age",",","and","this","might","still","be","true","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The idea of avoiding death entirely is off-putting for many.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","idea","of","avoiding","death","entirely","is","off","-","putting","for","many","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The end of biological aging would not mean the end of death in any way.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","end","of","biological","aging","would","not","mean","the","end","of","death","in","any","way","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's more like a summer evening when you were a kid and your mum called you inside.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","'s","more","like","a","summer","evening","when","you","were","a","kid","and","your","mum","called","you","inside","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,12,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"You just wanted to keep playing, have a little more fun during sunset, before you went to sleep.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","just","wanted","to","keep","playing",",","have","a","little","more","fun","during","sunset",",","before","you","went","to","sleep","."],"tags":[1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's not about playing outside forever, just a little longer until we feel tired.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","about","playing","outside","forever",",","just","a","little","longer","until","we","feel","tired","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you imagine a world without disease where you and your loved ones could live in good health for another 100 or 200 years, how would this change us?","spans":[{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":23,"token_start":0},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":125,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":133,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":129,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":138,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":135,"token_end":27,"token_start":27},{"end":145,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":140,"token_end":28,"token_start":28},{"end":148,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":147,"token_end":29,"token_start":29}],"tokens":["If","you","imagine","a","world","without","disease","where","you","and","your","loved","ones","could","live","in","good","health","for","another","100","or","200","years",",","how","would","this","change","us","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Would we take better care of our planet if we knew we would be around longer?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Would","we","take","better","care","of","our","planet","if","we","knew","we","would","be","around","longer","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If we could work for 150 years, how much time would we spend figuring out what we're good at?","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":91,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","we","could","work","for","150","years",",","how","much","time","would","we","spend","figuring","out","what","we","'re","good","at","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,5,6,6,15,1,19,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"How much more time would we spend learning?","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["How","much","more","time","would","we","spend","learning","?"],"tags":[5,6,6,6,15,1,19,33,0]}
{"text":"Would the intense feeling of pressure and stress many of us are feeling right now go away or get worse?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":14,"token_start":1},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":93,"token_end":19,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Would","the","intense","feeling","of","pressure","and","stress","many","of","us","are","feeling","right","now","go","away","or","get","worse","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"So, asking again, if you could choose how long to live right now, in good health and with your friends and family, what's your personal answer?","spans":[{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":24,"token_start":5},{"end":119,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":115,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":121,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":119,"token_end":27,"token_start":27},{"end":142,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":122,"token_end":30,"token_start":28}],"tokens":["So",",","asking","again",",","if","you","could","choose","how","long","to","live","right","now",",","in","good","health","and","with","your","friends","and","family",",","what","'s","your","personal","answer","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"What would you like your future to look like?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["What","would","you","like","your","future","to","look","like","?"],"tags":[11,15,1,19,5,6,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But maybe you're still unconvinced.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","maybe","you","'re","still","unconvinced","."],"tags":[0,13,1,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"Some nagging feeling remains.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","nagging","feeling","remains","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,0]}
{"text":"That is the reaper whispering into your brain.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","is","the","reaper","whispering","into","your","brain","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Watch my video to hear what he says and why you shouldn't listen.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Watch","my","video","to","hear","what","he","says","and","why","you","should","n't","listen","."],"tags":[19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Your eternal future may depend on it.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Your","eternal","future","may","depend","on","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"And if you're not already subscribed, subscribe.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","if","you","'re","not","already","subscribed",",","subscribe","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,0]}
{"text":"Imagine NASA announced today that they found aliens.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","NASA","announced","today","that","they","found","aliens","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Wouldn't that be great?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Would","n't","that","be","great","?"],"tags":[15,37,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Well, no, it would be horrible news.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Well",",","no",",","it","would","be","horrible","news","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,1,15,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"It could mean that the end of humanity is almost certain, and that it might be coming soon.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","could","mean","that","the","end","of","humanity","is","almost","certain",",","and","that","it","might","be","coming","soon","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Why would the most exciting discovery of our lifetime be bad?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Why","would","the","most","exciting","discovery","of","our","lifetime","be","bad","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Let us imagine the development of life from its inception to us today as a flight of stairs.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":91,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","us","imagine","the","development","of","life","from","its","inception","to","us","today","as","a","flight","of","stairs","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The first step is dead chemistry that needs to assemble itself into self-replicating patterns, stable and resilient, but also able to change and evolve.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":150,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":27,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","first","step","is","dead","chemistry","that","needs","to","assemble","itself","into","self","-","replicating","patterns",",","stable","and","resilient",",","but","also","able","to","change","and","evolve","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The second step is for our early life to become more complex, able to build more complicated structures, and use the available energy much more efficiently.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":155,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":27,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","second","step","is","for","our","early","life","to","become","more","complex",",","able","to","build","more","complicated","structures",",","and","use","the","available","energy","much","more","efficiently","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On the next step, these cells combine to become multicellular beings, enabling unbelievable variety and further complexity.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["On","the","next","step",",","these","cells","combine","to","become","multicellular","beings",",","enabling","unbelievable","variety","and","further","complexity","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The step above sees the species evolve big brains, enabling the use of tools, culture, and shared knowledge, which creates even higher complexity.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":145,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":26,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","step","above","sees","the","species","evolve","big","brains",",","enabling","the","use","of","tools",",","culture",",","and","shared","knowledge",",","which","creates","even","higher","complexity","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The species can now become the dominant life form on its planet, and change it according to its needs.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","species","can","now","become","the","dominant","life","form","on","its","planet",",","and","change","it","according","to","its","needs","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"First, shy attempts to leave its planet are happening.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["First",",","shy","attempts","to","leave","its","planet","are","happening","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,0]}
{"text":"This is where we are now.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","where","we","are","now","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's in the nature of life as we know it to reach out, to cover every niche it can.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["It","'s","in","the","nature","of","life","as","we","know","it","to","reach","out",",","to","cover","every","niche","it","can","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And since planets have a limited carrying capacity and lifespan, if a species wants to survive, it will look for more places to spread to.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":11},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":103,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":99,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":112,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":21,"token_start":20},{"end":137,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":113,"token_end":26,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["And","since","planets","have","a","limited","carrying","capacity","and","lifespan",",","if","a","species","wants","to","survive",",","it","will","look","for","more","places","to","spread","to","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So the steps above the current ones seem logical.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","the","steps","above","the","current","ones","seem","logical","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Colonize your own solar system, then spread further to reach other stars, to the possible final step, becoming a galaxy-wide civilization.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":137,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":25,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Colonize","your","own","solar","system",",","then","spread","further","to","reach","other","stars",",","to","the","possible","final","step",",","becoming","a","galaxy","-","wide","civilization","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's very likely that this is a universal principle for civilizations, no matter where they're from.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":99,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","very","likely","that","this","is","a","universal","principle","for","civilizations",",","no","matter","where","they","'re","from","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"If a species is competitive and driven enough to take control over its planet, they'll probably not stop there.","spans":[{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":83,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":98,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":96,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":103,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":100,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":20,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","a","species","is","competitive","and","driven","enough","to","take","control","over","its","planet",",","they","'ll","probably","not","stop","there","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,37,19,13,0]}
{"text":"We know that there are up to 500 billion planets in the Milky Way, at least 10 billion Earth-like planets.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","know","that","there","are","up","to","500","billion","planets","in","the","Milky","Way",",","at","least","10","billion","Earth","-","like","planets","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Many have been around billions of years longer than Earth.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Many","have","been","around","billions","of","years","longer","than","Earth","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But we're observing zero galactic civilizations.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","we","'re","observing","zero","galactic","civilizations","."],"tags":[0,1,15,27,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We should be able to see something, but there's nothing.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","should","be","able","to","see","something",",","but","there","'s","nothing","."],"tags":[1,15,17,18,18,19,5,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Space seems to be empty and dead.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Space","seems","to","be","empty","and","dead","."],"tags":[1,17,18,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This means something is preventing living things from climbing the staircase beyond the step we're on right now.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","something","is","preventing","living","things","from","climbing","the","staircase","beyond","the","step","we","'re","on","right","now","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is the Great Filter, a challenge or danger so hard to overcome, that it eliminates almost every species that encounters it.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":126,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","the","Great","Filter",",","a","challenge","or","danger","so","hard","to","overcome",",","that","it","eliminates","almost","every","species","that","encounters","it","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There are two scenarios.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","two","scenarios","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"One means we are incredibly special and lucky.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["One","means","we","are","incredibly","special","and","lucky","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The other one means we are doomed and practically already dead.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","other","one","means","we","are","doomed","and","practically","already","dead","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It depends on where the filter is on our staircase.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","depends","on","where","the","filter","is","on","our","staircase","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Scenario 1. The filter is behind us.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Scenario","1",".","The","filter","is","behind","us","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"We are the first.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","are","the","first","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"If the filter is behind us, that means that one of the steps we passed is almost impossible to take.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","the","filter","is","behind","us",",","that","means","that","one","of","the","steps","we","passed","is","almost","impossible","to","take","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Which step could it be?","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Which","step","could","it","be","?"],"tags":[11,12,15,1,21,0]}
{"text":"Is life itself extremely rare?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Is","life","itself","extremely","rare","?"],"tags":[21,1,2,11,12,0]}
{"text":"It's very hard to make predictions about how likely it is for life to emerge from dead things.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":93,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","very","hard","to","make","predictions","about","how","likely","it","is","for","life","to","emerge","from","dead","things","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"There is no consensus.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","no","consensus","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Some scientists think it develops everywhere where the conditions are right.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","scientists","think","it","develops","everywhere","where","the","conditions","are","right","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Others think that Earth might be the only living place in the universe.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Others","think","that","Earth","might","be","the","only","living","place","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Another candidate is the step of complex animal cells.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Another","candidate","is","the","step","of","complex","animal","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A very specific thing happened on this step, and as far as we know, it happened exactly once.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["A","very","specific","thing","happened","on","this","step",",","and","as","far","as","we","know",",","it","happened","exactly","once","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A primitive hunter cell swallowed another cell.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","primitive","hunter","cell","swallowed","another","cell","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,5,6,0]}
{"text":"But instead of devouring it, the two cells formed a union.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","instead","of","devouring","it",",","the","two","cells","formed","a","union","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The bigger cell provided shelter, took care of interacting with the environment and providing resources,","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","bigger","cell","provided","shelter",",","took","care","of","interacting","with","the","environment","and","providing","resources",","],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"while the smaller one used its new home and free stuff to focus on providing a lot of extra energy for its host.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["while","the","smaller","one","used","its","new","home","and","free","stuff","to","focus","on","providing","a","lot","of","extra","energy","for","its","host","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"With the abundant energy, the host cell could grow more than before and build new and expensive things to improve itself,","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["With","the","abundant","energy",",","the","host","cell","could","grow","more","than","before","and","build","new","and","expensive","things","to","improve","itself",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"while the guest became the powerhouse of the cell.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["while","the","guest","became","the","powerhouse","of","the","cell","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"These cells make up every animal on the planet.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["These","cells","make","up","every","animal","on","the","planet","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Maybe there are billions of bacteria-covered planets in the Milky Way, but not a single one apart from us has achieved our level of complexity.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":12,"token_start":3},{"end":142,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":27,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Maybe","there","are","billions","of","bacteria","-","covered","planets","in","the","Milky","Way",",","but","not","a","single","one","apart","from","us","has","achieved","our","level","of","complexity","."],"tags":[13,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We humans feel very smart and sophisticated with our crossword puzzles and romantic novels, but a big brain is, first and foremost, a very expensive evolutionary investment.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":172,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":96,"token_end":29,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["We","humans","feel","very","smart","and","sophisticated","with","our","crossword","puzzles","and","romantic","novels",",","but","a","big","brain","is",",","first","and","foremost",",","a","very","expensive","evolutionary","investment","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They are fragile, they don't help in a fistfight with a bear, they cost enormous amounts of energy.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","fragile",",","they","do","n't","help","in","a","fistfight","with","a","bear",",","they","cost","enormous","amounts","of","energy","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And despite them, it took modern humans 200,000 years to get from sharp sticks to civilization.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":94,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","despite","them",",","it","took","modern","humans","200,000","years","to","get","from","sharp","sticks","to","civilization","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,23,9,10,7,8,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Being smart does not mean you get to win automatically.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Being","smart","does","not","mean","you","get","to","win","automatically","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Maybe intelligence is just not so great, and we're lucky that it worked out for us.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Maybe","intelligence","is","just","not","so","great",",","and","we","'re","lucky","that","it","worked","out","for","us","."],"tags":[13,1,21,13,37,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Scenario 2. The filter is ahead of us.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Scenario","2",".","The","filter","is","ahead","of","us","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Plenty of others died already.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Plenty","of","others","died","already","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,0]}
{"text":"A great filter before us is orders of magnitude more dangerous than anything we encountered so far.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","great","filter","before","us","is","orders","of","magnitude","more","dangerous","than","anything","we","encountered","so","far","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Even if a major disaster killed most of us or threw us back thousands of years, we would survive and recover.","spans":[{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":83,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":96,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":89,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":101,"token_end":21,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Even","if","a","major","disaster","killed","most","of","us","or","threw","us","back","thousands","of","years",",","we","would","survive","and","recover","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,0,41,0]}
{"text":"And if we can recover, even if it takes a million years, then it's not a great filter, but just a roadblock to an eventual galactic civilization.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":66,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":144,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":30,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["And","if","we","can","recover",",","even","if","it","takes","a","million","years",",","then","it","'s","not","a","great","filter",",","but","just","a","roadblock","to","an","eventual","galactic","civilization","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On universal timescales, even millions of years are just the blink of an eye.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["On","universal","timescales",",","even","millions","of","years","are","just","the","blink","of","an","eye","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If a great filter really lies before us, it has to be so dangerous, so purely devastating and powerful,","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","a","great","filter","really","lies","before","us",",","it","has","to","be","so","dangerous",",","so","purely","devastating","and","powerful",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"that it has destroyed most, if not all, advanced civilizations in our galaxy over billions of years.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":14,"token_start":4},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["that","it","has","destroyed","most",",","if","not","all",",","advanced","civilizations","in","our","galaxy","over","billions","of","years","."],"tags":[0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A really daunting and depressing hypothesis is that once a species takes control over its planet, it's already on the path to self-destruction.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":141,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":26,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","really","daunting","and","depressing","hypothesis","is","that","once","a","species","takes","control","over","its","planet",",","it","'s","already","on","the","path","to","self","-","destruction","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Technology is a good way to achieve that.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Technology","is","a","good","way","to","achieve","that","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It needs to be something that's so obvious that virtually everybody discovers it, and so dangerous that its discovery leads almost universally to an existential disaster.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":169,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":27,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","needs","to","be","something","that","'s","so","obvious","that","virtually","everybody","discovers","it",",","and","so","dangerous","that","its","discovery","leads","almost","universally","to","an","existential","disaster","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It might be a super-intelligent AI that accidentally or purposely destroys its creators.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","might","be","a","super","-","intelligent","AI","that","accidentally","or","purposely","destroys","its","creators","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Or it's way simpler.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Or","it","'s","way","simpler","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Species competitive enough to take over their planet necessarily destroy it while competing with each other for resources.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":65,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Species","competitive","enough","to","take","over","their","planet","necessarily","destroy","it","while","competing","with","each","other","for","resources","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Maybe there are runaway chain reactions in every ecosystem that once set in motion are not fixable.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Maybe","there","are","runaway","chain","reactions","in","every","ecosystem","that","once","set","in","motion","are","not","fixable","."],"tags":[13,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And so once a civilization is powerful enough to change the composition of its atmosphere, they make their planet uninhabitable 100% of the time.","spans":[{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":14,"token_start":2},{"end":95,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":100,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":96,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":113,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":19,"token_start":18},{"end":127,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":114,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":128,"token_end":25,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["And","so","once","a","civilization","is","powerful","enough","to","change","the","composition","of","its","atmosphere",",","they","make","their","planet","uninhabitable","100","%","of","the","time","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,33,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's hope that that's not the case.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","hope","that","that","'s","not","the","case","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"If the filter is ahead of us, our odds are really bad.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","the","filter","is","ahead","of","us",",","our","odds","are","really","bad","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"What we can hope for.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","we","can","hope","for","."],"tags":[5,1,15,19,35,0]}
{"text":"This is why finding life beyond Earth would be horrible.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","why","finding","life","beyond","Earth","would","be","horrible","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The more common life is in the universe, and the more advanced and complex it is, the more likely it becomes that a filter is in front of us.","spans":[{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":20,"token_start":18},{"end":100,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":108,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":101,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":140,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":30,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["The","more","common","life","is","in","the","universe",",","and","the","more","advanced","and","complex","it","is",",","the","more","likely","it","becomes","that","a","filter","is","in","front","of","us","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Bacteria would be bad, small animals would be worse, intelligent life would be alarming.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Bacteria","would","be","bad",",","small","animals","would","be","worse",",","intelligent","life","would","be","alarming","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Ruins of ancient alien civilizations would be horrible.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Ruins","of","ancient","alien","civilizations","would","be","horrible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The best case scenario for us right now is that Mars is sterile.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","best","case","scenario","for","us","right","now","is","that","Mars","is","sterile","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"That Europa's oceans are devoid of life, and the vast arms of the Milky Way harbor only empty oceans hugging dead continents.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":124,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":23,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["That","Europa","'s","oceans","are","devoid","of","life",",","and","the","vast","arms","of","the","Milky","Way","harbor","only","empty","oceans","hugging","dead","continents","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"That there are billions of empty planets waiting to be discovered and to be filled up with life.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":95,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["That","there","are","billions","of","empty","planets","waiting","to","be","discovered","and","to","be","filled","up","with","life","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"How likely is it that we'll find life outside of Earth that is similar to us?","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["How","likely","is","it","that","we","'ll","find","life","outside","of","Earth","that","is","similar","to","us","?"],"tags":[11,12,21,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Well, that depends on how many planets there are out there in their star's Goldilocks zone, the area around a star where water can be liquid.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":28,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Well",",","that","depends","on","how","many","planets","there","are","out","there","in","their","star","'s","Goldilocks","zone",",","the","area","around","a","star","where","water","can","be","liquid","."],"tags":[0,0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Because stars come in all sizes and configurations, this zone is different for every star system and requires a little bit of physics to figure out.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":96,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":147,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":101,"token_end":26,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Because","stars","come","in","all","sizes","and","configurations",",","this","zone","is","different","for","every","star","system","and","requires","a","little","bit","of","physics","to","figure","out","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If that sounds like fun to you, this quiz from Brilliant helps to break down the maths for exactly how this is calculated.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":121,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","that","sounds","like","fun","to","you",",","this","quiz","from","Brilliant","helps","to","break","down","the","maths","for","exactly","how","this","is","calculated","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,25,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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{"text":"They take concepts like these, break them up into bite-sized bits, present clear thinking in each part and then build back up to an interesting conclusion.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":20,"token_start":15},{"end":154,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":107,"token_end":29,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["They","take","concepts","like","these",",","break","them","up","into","bite","-","sized","bits",",","present","clear","thinking","in","each","part","and","then","build","back","up","to","an","interesting","conclusion","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you visit brilliant.org\/nutshell or click the link in the description, you can sign up for free and learn all kinds of things.","spans":[{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":103,"token_end":23,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","you","visit","brilliant.org\/nutshell","or","click","the","link","in","the","description",",","you","can","sign","up","for","free","and","learn","all","kinds","of","things","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And as a bonus for Kurzgesagt viewers, the first 688 people will also get 20% off their annual membership.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","as","a","bonus","for","Kurzgesagt","viewers",",","the","first","688","people","will","also","get","20","%","off","their","annual","membership","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And if you do find life on other planets, it may be wise to leave them alone for a while.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["And","if","you","do","find","life","on","other","planets",",","it","may","be","wise","to","leave","them","alone","for","a","while","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The universe is magnificent and vast.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","universe","is","magnificent","and","vast","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If even the tiniest fraction are habitable, then the universe should be teeming with life.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","even","the","tiniest","fraction","are","habitable",",","then","the","universe","should","be","teeming","with","life","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,2,15,15,31,32,5,0]}
{"text":"And yet we see nothing, only vast emptiness.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","yet","we","see","nothing",",","only","vast","emptiness","."],"tags":[0,13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Where is everyone else?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Where","is","everyone","else","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"The answer to this riddle could be as exciting as it is creepy.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","answer","to","this","riddle","could","be","as","exciting","as","it","is","creepy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We are early, born before almost all other life.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","are","early",",","born","before","almost","all","other","life","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But very soon, this may change.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","very","soon",",","this","may","change","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,15,19,0]}
{"text":"Not only might aliens appear, they could quickly surround us.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Not","only","might","aliens","appear",",","they","could","quickly","surround","us","."],"tags":[0,0,15,1,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"An irreversible competition for the universe might be about to begin.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["An","irreversible","competition","for","the","universe","might","be","about","to","begin","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,17,18,18,19,0]}
{"text":"While this video is based on scientific papers, we're presenting interesting ideas based on little data and lots of extrapolation.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":128,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["While","this","video","is","based","on","scientific","papers",",","we","'re","presenting","interesting","ideas","based","on","little","data","and","lots","of","extrapolation","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So take them with a grain of salt.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","take","them","with","a","grain","of","salt","."],"tags":[0,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Okay, we need to look at three essential questions to understand the galactic competition.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Okay",",","we","need","to","look","at","three","essential","questions","to","understand","the","galactic","competition","."],"tags":[0,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One, how fast can bacteria build spaceships?","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["One",",","how","fast","can","bacteria","build","spaceships","?"],"tags":[0,0,13,14,15,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"To become a starfaring civilization, life as we know it needs to master a number of very hard steps.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["To","become","a","starfaring","civilization",",","life","as","we","know","it","needs","to","master","a","number","of","very","hard","steps","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It starts with dead stuff turning into the building blocks of life.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","starts","with","dead","stuff","turning","into","the","building","blocks","of","life","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Then it needs to organize into self-contained cells.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Then","it","needs","to","organize","into","self","-","contained","cells","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Those cells have to learn to work together to form multicellular organisms.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Those","cells","have","to","learn","to","work","together","to","form","multicellular","organisms","."],"tags":[1,2,17,18,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This keeps going until complex creatures with big brains learn to use tools and language.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","keeps","going","until","complex","creatures","with","big","brains","learn","to","use","tools","and","language","."],"tags":[1,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Civilization has to be formed from cultures that value progress and technological development.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Civilization","has","to","be","formed","from","cultures","that","value","progress","and","technological","development","."],"tags":[1,17,18,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And then they need to actually venture out beyond their home planet.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","then","they","need","to","actually","venture","out","beyond","their","home","planet","."],"tags":[0,13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"On Earth, life appeared basically as soon as the oceans formed.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["On","Earth",",","life","appeared","basically","as","soon","as","the","oceans","formed","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,23,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But then it took two billion years to make the step from single cells to multicellular organisms and two billion more for us to appear.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":96,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":16,"token_start":7},{"end":134,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":101,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["But","then","it","took","two","billion","years","to","make","the","step","from","single","cells","to","multicellular","organisms","and","two","billion","more","for","us","to","appear","."],"tags":[0,13,1,23,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Culture, civilization, and space travel developed super quickly though.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Culture",",","civilization",",","and","space","travel","developed","super","quickly","though","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,13,0]}
{"text":"Do things always take that long or was this actually exceptionally fast?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Do","things","always","take","that","long","or","was","this","actually","exceptionally","fast","?"],"tags":[15,1,13,19,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Also, passing one step does not mean the next one is guaranteed.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Also",",","passing","one","step","does","not","mean","the","next","one","is","guaranteed","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Multicellularity evolved over 25 times independently on Earth, but there's only one species that builds spaceships.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":17,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Multicellularity","evolved","over","25","times","independently","on","Earth",",","but","there","'s","only","one","species","that","builds","spaceships","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,13,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We don't know how many steps life needs to pass and how long they take to give rise to a technological civilization, but there are probably many and it's likely that on trillions of planets life has been trying for billions of years.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":115,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":22,"token_start":4},{"end":232,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":121,"token_end":45,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","how","many","steps","life","needs","to","pass","and","how","long","they","take","to","give","rise","to","a","technological","civilization",",","but","there","are","probably","many","and","it","'s","likely","that","on","trillions","of","planets","life","has","been","trying","for","billions","of","years","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Since we don't see any other technological civilizations out there, it might well be that we are a rare exception.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":84,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":113,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":21,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Since","we","do","n't","see","any","other","technological","civilizations","out","there",",","it","might","well","be","that","we","are","a","rare","exception","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We might be among the first or even the first technological civilization in the Milky Way.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","might","be","among","the","first","or","even","the","first","technological","civilization","in","the","Milky","Way","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But this is just one piece of the puzzle.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","this","is","just","one","piece","of","the","puzzle","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On top of that, we may have just hit the perfect time window.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["On","top","of","that",",","we","may","have","just","hit","the","perfect","time","window","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Why does humanity exist now?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Why","does","humanity","exist","now","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,13,0]}
{"text":"The universe is already 13.8 billion years old, but it's unlikely that many other technological civilizations had a chance to appear before us.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":142,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","universe","is","already","13.8","billion","years","old",",","but","it","'s","unlikely","that","many","other","technological","civilizations","had","a","chance","to","appear","before","us","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Because in the earlier universe, life would have had a pretty hard time to emerge, let alone thrive, because it was such a hostile environment.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":142,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":27,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Because","in","the","earlier","universe",",","life","would","have","had","a","pretty","hard","time","to","emerge",",","let","alone","thrive",",","because","it","was","such","a","hostile","environment","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Early stars constantly blew up, galaxies crashed into each other, and supermassive black holes vomited massive amounts of radiation, enough to sterilize galaxies over and over again.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":181,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":29,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Early","stars","constantly","blew","up",",","galaxies","crashed","into","each","other",",","and","supermassive","black","holes","vomited","massive","amounts","of","radiation",",","enough","to","sterilize","galaxies","over","and","over","again","."],"tags":[1,2,13,31,32,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Our sun was born right at the end of this cosmic death show.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Our","sun","was","born","right","at","the","end","of","this","cosmic","death","show","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The universe has never been more welcoming to life than it is now.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","universe","has","never","been","more","welcoming","to","life","than","it","is","now","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So humanity has arrived at a very convenient spot in time, maybe the earliest reasonably possible for life to thrive.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","humanity","has","arrived","at","a","very","convenient","spot","in","time",",","maybe","the","earliest","reasonably","possible","for","life","to","thrive","."],"tags":[0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The sun burns brighter than 90% of the stars in our galaxy, and will keep getting brighter.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":12,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","sun","burns","brighter","than","90","%","of","the","stars","in","our","galaxy",",","and","will","keep","getting","brighter","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In about a billion years, it will boil all of Earth's oceans, and then become a giant that swallows it whole.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["In","about","a","billion","years",",","it","will","boil","all","of","Earth","'s","oceans",",","and","then","become","a","giant","that","swallows","it","whole","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So in the galactic context, the sun is very short-lived.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","in","the","galactic","context",",","the","sun","is","very","short","-","lived","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Most stars are red dwarfs that can sustain habitable planets for tens of trillions of years.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Most","stars","are","red","dwarfs","that","can","sustain","habitable","planets","for","tens","of","trillions","of","years","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Life on these planets has an incredibly long time window to appear, and pass the hard steps.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Life","on","these","planets","has","an","incredibly","long","time","window","to","appear",",","and","pass","the","hard","steps","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Even knowing nothing about how rare or common life is, this makes it way more likely for technological civilizations to appear sometime in the future than in the past.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":166,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":29,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Even","knowing","nothing","about","how","rare","or","common","life","is",",","this","makes","it","way","more","likely","for","technological","civilizations","to","appear","sometime","in","the","future","than","in","the","past","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Because if civilizations appear at random in the Milky Way within a time window of a trillion years, very few, if any, would appear before today.","spans":[{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":17,"token_start":1},{"end":109,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":20,"token_start":19},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":111,"token_end":23,"token_start":22},{"end":124,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":119,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":131,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":125,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":132,"token_end":28,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["Because","if","civilizations","appear","at","random","in","the","Milky","Way","within","a","time","window","of","a","trillion","years",",","very","few",",","if","any",",","would","appear","before","today","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,0,13,14,0,15,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Then a couple more arrive in this period of a billion years that we're in, before all star-faring civilizations that could ever exist emerge altogether.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":15,"token_start":5},{"end":151,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":28,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Then","a","couple","more","arrive","in","this","period","of","a","billion","years","that","we","'re","in",",","before","all","star","-","faring","civilizations","that","could","ever","exist","emerge","altogether","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This weird tsunami-like distribution is the result of both the hard steps model, and something else.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","weird","tsunami","-","like","distribution","is","the","result","of","both","the","hard","steps","model",",","and","something","else","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Any civilization coming after will find it hard to have room to survive, so all potential life has to cram in before it.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":71,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":76,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Any","civilization","coming","after","will","find","it","hard","to","have","room","to","survive",",","so","all","potential","life","has","to","cram","in","before","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Humanity exists now because otherwise, we might have missed this deadline.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Humanity","exists","now","because","otherwise",",","we","might","have","missed","this","deadline","."],"tags":[1,25,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What, or who, creates this deadline?","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["What",",","or","who",",","creates","this","deadline","?"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,0,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Why aren't aliens already on Earth?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Why","are","n't","aliens","already","on","Earth","?"],"tags":[13,21,37,1,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Humans are curious, expansionist, and hungry for energy.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Humans","are","curious",",","expansionist",",","and","hungry","for","energy","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We've spread over the world and made it our own.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","'ve","spread","over","the","world","and","made","it","our","own","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Our technology has been improving over time, first slowly, then breathtakingly fast.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Our","technology","has","been","improving","over","time",",","first","slowly",",","then","breathtakingly","fast","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,27,13,14,0,13,14,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If these things don't change drastically, and our descendants want to prosper, they will expand into space.","spans":[{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":94,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":89,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":19,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","these","things","do","n't","change","drastically",",","and","our","descendants","want","to","prosper",",","they","will","expand","into","space","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"We could construct a Dyson Swarm for endless energy and transform planets into new homes.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","could","construct","a","Dyson","Swarm","for","endless","energy","and","transform","planets","into","new","homes","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We could cross interstellar distances, allowing us to reach for planets around distant stars.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","could","cross","interstellar","distances",",","allowing","us","to","reach","for","planets","around","distant","stars","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If we have the motivation, we can become a galactic civilization.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","we","have","the","motivation",",","we","can","become","a","galactic","civilization","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A civilization that does this sort of stuff can be called loud, because its activity creates noise.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["A","civilization","that","does","this","sort","of","stuff","can","be","called","loud",",","because","its","activity","creates","noise","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,33,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Imagine someone in a forest, cutting down trees, starting fires, and laying down roads.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":86,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Imagine","someone","in","a","forest",",","cutting","down","trees",",","starting","fires",",","and","laying","down","roads","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,0,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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{"text":"An expanding technological civilization would probably be hard to miss.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["An","expanding","technological","civilization","would","probably","be","hard","to","miss","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,13,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Our telescopes would pick up all that energy, and we would clearly identify artificial interference with stars and planets.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Our","telescopes","would","pick","up","all","that","energy",",","and","we","would","clearly","identify","artificial","interference","with","stars","and","planets","."],"tags":[1,2,15,31,32,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Another consequence of this business is that it's very disruptive to the environment.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Another","consequence","of","this","business","is","that","it","'s","very","disruptive","to","the","environment","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Clearing a forest means the end of its wildlife.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Clearing","a","forest","means","the","end","of","its","wildlife","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Human activity has left no chance for a squirrel civilization to appear.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Human","activity","has","left","no","chance","for","a","squirrel","civilization","to","appear","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Not because we hated squirrels, it's simply that the thought that they might want to do that at some point never crossed our minds, and we needed wood.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":130,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":25,"token_start":9},{"end":150,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":136,"token_end":30,"token_start":28}],"tokens":["Not","because","we","hated","squirrels",",","it","'s","simply","that","the","thought","that","they","might","want","to","do","that","at","some","point","never","crossed","our","minds",",","and","we","needed","wood","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Similarly, if loud civilizations were running around the galaxy in the past, terraforming planets, or harvesting the energy of stars, they may have prevented our existence.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":131,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":22,"token_start":2},{"end":137,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":134,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":141,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":139,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":146,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":143,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":156,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":148,"token_end":27,"token_start":27},{"end":170,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":158,"token_end":29,"token_start":28}],"tokens":["Similarly",",","if","loud","civilizations","were","running","around","the","galaxy","in","the","past",",","terraforming","planets",",","or","harvesting","the","energy","of","stars",",","they","may","have","prevented","our","existence","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Had aliens started colonizing Earth while we were still sludge in the oceans, that sludge would never have turned into humans.","spans":[{"end":89,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":95,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":90,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":101,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":96,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":106,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":102,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":118,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":20,"token_start":19},{"end":125,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":119,"token_end":21,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Had","aliens","started","colonizing","Earth","while","we","were","still","sludge","in","the","oceans",",","that","sludge","would","never","have","turned","into","humans","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,2,15,37,15,31,32,5,0]}
{"text":"This is how loud aliens create a deadline for new civilizations appearing.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","how","loud","aliens","create","a","deadline","for","new","civilizations","appearing","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The galaxy may have trillions of years to create life, but there may only be a short window for it to spread and thrive.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":24,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","galaxy","may","have","trillions","of","years","to","create","life",",","but","there","may","only","be","a","short","window","for","it","to","spread","and","thrive","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Even if a loud civilization respects planets with naturally occurring life and expands around them, like humans do with wildlife reserves, any civilization on such a planet would not be able to expand ever.","spans":[{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":21,"token_start":0},{"end":172,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":139,"token_end":28,"token_start":23},{"end":178,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":173,"token_end":29,"token_start":29},{"end":182,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":179,"token_end":30,"token_start":30},{"end":193,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":183,"token_end":33,"token_start":31},{"end":200,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":194,"token_end":34,"token_start":34},{"end":205,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":201,"token_end":35,"token_start":35}],"tokens":["Even","if","a","loud","civilization","respects","planets","with","naturally","occurring","life","and","expands","around","them",",","like","humans","do","with","wildlife","reserves",",","any","civilization","on","such","a","planet","would","not","be","able","to","expand","ever","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,17,18,18,19,13,0]}
{"text":"But here we are, so loud aliens were probably never here.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","here","we","are",",","so","loud","aliens","were","probably","never","here","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,21,11,37,11,0]}
{"text":"They would be quiet aliens.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","would","be","quiet","aliens","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"They're probably limited to one star system, and don't have a noticeable impact on their cosmic surroundings.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["They","'re","probably","limited","to","one","star","system",",","and","do","n't","have","a","noticeable","impact","on","their","cosmic","surroundings","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Humanity is like this right now.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Humanity","is","like","this","right","now","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"We wouldn't be able to detect ourselves from the other side of the Milky Way.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","would","n't","be","able","to","detect","ourselves","from","the","other","side","of","the","Milky","Way","."],"tags":[1,15,37,17,18,18,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If they stay quiet forever, maybe because of their culture or abilities, then they are not really a concern for us.","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":85,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":83,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":89,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":87,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":113,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":22,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","they","stay","quiet","forever",",","maybe","because","of","their","culture","or","abilities",",","then","they","are","not","really","a","concern","for","us","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,21,37,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We only have one sample to draw from, humanity, and right now we are on the path to becoming loud.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","only","have","one","sample","to","draw","from",",","humanity",",","and","right","now","we","are","on","the","path","to","becoming","loud","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If we're not special and succeed anyway, then any other civilization with the motivation and resources to would eventually expand beyond its planet of origin.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":104,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":18,"token_start":10},{"end":110,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":106,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":128,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":123,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":156,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":130,"token_end":26,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["If","we","'re","not","special","and","succeed","anyway",",","then","any","other","civilization","with","the","motivation","and","resources","to","would","eventually","expand","beyond","its","planet","of","origin","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Okay, what are the consequences of all these assumptions and ideas?","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Okay",",","what","are","the","consequences","of","all","these","assumptions","and","ideas","?"],"tags":[0,0,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"If we are really early, then eventually others will catch up with us.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","we","are","really","early",",","then","eventually","others","will","catch","up","with","us","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,13,13,1,15,31,32,32,5,0]}
{"text":"Civilizations will emerge all over the place, and these new aliens will look at space, see no signs of life, and come to the same conclusion.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":140,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":28,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Civilizations","will","emerge","all","over","the","place",",","and","these","new","aliens","will","look","at","space",",","see","no","signs","of","life",",","and","come","to","the","same","conclusion","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They exist because loud civilizations have not yet taken over everything, but it only takes one loud civilization to crowd them out of the entire galaxy.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":152,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":26,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["They","exist","because","loud","civilizations","have","not","yet","taken","over","everything",",","but","it","only","takes","one","loud","civilization","to","crowd","them","out","of","the","entire","galaxy","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They, like us, will face an important decision.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["They",",","like","us",",","will","face","an","important","decision","."],"tags":[1,0,13,14,0,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Do they stay quiet, take it easy, and tend to their planet for as long as possible, or do they start expanding to take a chunk of the galaxy before someone else arrives?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":18,"token_start":10},{"end":168,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":87,"token_end":35,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Do","they","stay","quiet",",","take","it","easy",",","and","tend","to","their","planet","for","as","long","as","possible",",","or","do","they","start","expanding","to","take","a","chunk","of","the","galaxy","before","someone","else","arrives","?"],"tags":[15,1,21,11,0,41,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Meeting others does not necessarily mean war or conflict, but it means that new borders will arise, limits that may persist forever.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Meeting","others","does","not","necessarily","mean","war","or","conflict",",","but","it","means","that","new","borders","will","arise",",","limits","that","may","persist","forever","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,13,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In the worst case, a civilization could be completely enveloped by the empires of others, eternally doomed to be a galactic backwater without control over their fate.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","the","worst","case",",","a","civilization","could","be","completely","enveloped","by","the","empires","of","others",",","eternally","doomed","to","be","a","galactic","backwater","without","control","over","their","fate","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So if we want a seat at the galactic adults' table, we best get to work.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":66,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":67,"token_end":17,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["So","if","we","want","a","seat","at","the","galactic","adults","'","table",",","we","best","get","to","work","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,17,18,19,0]}
{"text":"If we really are early, we have an incredible opportunity.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","we","really","are","early",",","we","have","an","incredible","opportunity","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And one day when we meet others, we can greet them and meet them as equals.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["And","one","day","when","we","meet","others",",","we","can","greet","them","and","meet","them","as","equals","."],"tags":[0,13,14,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Wouldn't that be nice?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Would","n't","that","be","nice","?"],"tags":[15,37,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"If you want to explore the vast universe from the comfort of your own home, we've got a lot of amazing space and science-inspired products for you.","spans":[{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":82,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":145,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":30,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","explore","the","vast","universe","from","the","comfort","of","your","own","home",",","we","'ve","got","a","lot","of","amazing","space","and","science","-","inspired","products","for","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"All of our products are designed and produced with love and care by us here at Kurzgesagt.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","of","our","products","are","designed","and","produced","with","love","and","care","by","us","here","at","Kurzgesagt","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They're an integral part of the science story we try to tell, so start your journey on our channel and continue it with one of our posters, notebooks or plushes.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":160,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":32,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["They","'re","an","integral","part","of","the","science","story","we","try","to","tell",",","so","start","your","journey","on","our","channel","and","continue","it","with","one","of","our","posters",",","notebooks","or","plushes","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Every purchase directly funds what we do on this channel.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Every","purchase","directly","funds","what","we","do","on","this","channel","."],"tags":[1,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so much for your support.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","for","your","support","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And never stop dreaming of space adventures.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","never","stop","dreaming","of","space","adventures","."],"tags":[0,37,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"At this very second, you are on a narrow ledge between life and death.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","this","very","second",",","you","are","on","a","narrow","ledge","between","life","and","death","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You probably don't feel it, but there's an incredible amount of activity going on inside you.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["You","probably","do","n't","feel","it",",","but","there","'s","an","incredible","amount","of","activity","going","on","inside","you","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,19,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And this activity can never stop.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","this","activity","can","never","stop","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,37,19,0]}
{"text":"Picture yourself as a slinky falling down an escalator moving upwards.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Picture","yourself","as","a","slinky","falling","down","an","escalator","moving","upwards","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The falling part represents the self-replicating processes of your cells.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","falling","part","represents","the","self","-","replicating","processes","of","your","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The escalator represents the lords of physics driving you forwards.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","escalator","represents","the","lords","of","physics","driving","you","forwards","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To be alive is to be in motion but never arriving anywhere.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["To","be","alive","is","to","be","in","motion","but","never","arriving","anywhere","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you reach the top of the escalator, there's no more falling possible and you are dead forever.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":96,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":76,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","you","reach","the","top","of","the","escalator",",","there","'s","no","more","falling","possible","and","you","are","dead","forever","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Somewhat unsettlingly, the universe wants you to reach the top.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Somewhat","unsettlingly",",","the","universe","wants","you","to","reach","the","top","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,25,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"How do you avoid that and why are you alive?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["How","do","you","avoid","that","and","why","are","you","alive","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,5,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"All life is based on the cell.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["All","life","is","based","on","the","cell","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A cell is a piece of the dead universe that separated itself from the rest so it could do its own thing for a while.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":114,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":24,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["A","cell","is","a","piece","of","the","dead","universe","that","separated","itself","from","the","rest","so","it","could","do","its","own","thing","for","a","while","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"When this separation breaks down, it dies and joins the rest of the dead universe again.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["When","this","separation","breaks","down",",","it","dies","and","joins","the","rest","of","the","dead","universe","again","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, the universe would like for life to be done with doing its own thing.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","the","universe","would","like","for","life","to","be","done","with","doing","its","own","thing","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,19,13,14,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For some reason, it's not a fan of exciting things but tries to be as boring as possible.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["For","some","reason",",","it","'s","not","a","fan","of","exciting","things","but","tries","to","be","as","boring","as","possible","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We call this principle entropy and it's a fundamental rule of our universe.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","call","this","principle","entropy","and","it","'s","a","fundamental","rule","of","our","universe","."],"tags":[1,19,5,33,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's pretty complicated and counterintuitive so we'll explain it in detail in another video.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","'s","pretty","complicated","and","counterintuitive","so","we","'ll","explain","it","in","detail","in","another","video","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"For now, all you need to know is living things are inherently exciting.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["For","now",",","all","you","need","to","know","is","living","things","are","inherently","exciting","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A cell is filled up with millions of proteins and millions more simpler molecules like water.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","cell","is","filled","up","with","millions","of","proteins","and","millions","more","simpler","molecules","like","water","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Thousands of complex self-replicating processes are happening up to hundreds of thousands of times every second.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Thousands","of","complex","self","-","replicating","processes","are","happening","up","to","hundreds","of","thousands","of","times","every","second","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To stay alive and exciting, it has to constantly work to keep itself from achieving entropy and becoming boring and dead.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","stay","alive","and","exciting",",","it","has","to","constantly","work","to","keep","itself","from","achieving","entropy","and","becoming","boring","and","dead","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The cell has to maintain the separation from the rest of the universe.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","cell","has","to","maintain","the","separation","from","the","rest","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,17,18,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"It's doing this, for example, by keeping the concentration of certain molecules different on the inside and the outside by actively pumping out excess molecules.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":159,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":27,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","'s","doing","this",",","for","example",",","by","keeping","the","concentration","of","certain","molecules","different","on","the","inside","and","the","outside","by","actively","pumping","out","excess","molecules","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,0,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To do stuff like this, a cell needs energy.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["To","do","stuff","like","this",",","a","cell","needs","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,0]}
{"text":"Energy is the ability of things in the universe to do work, to move or manipulate a thing, to create change.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Energy","is","the","ability","of","things","in","the","universe","to","do","work",",","to","move","or","manipulate","a","thing",",","to","create","change","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This ability cannot be created or destroyed, the set amount of energy in the universe will never change.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","ability","can","not","be","created","or","destroyed",",","the","set","amount","of","energy","in","the","universe","will","never","change","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,15,29,0,41,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We don't know why, it just is that way.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","why",",","it","just","is","that","way","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So billions of years ago, one of the most crucial challenges for the first living beings was to get usable energy.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":16,"token_start":6},{"end":92,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":113,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":21,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["So","billions","of","years","ago",",","one","of","the","most","crucial","challenges","for","the","first","living","beings","was","to","get","usable","energy","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We don't know a lot about the first cells, except that they got their energy from simple chemical reactions.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","a","lot","about","the","first","cells",",","except","that","they","got","their","energy","from","simple","chemical","reactions","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And they found the ultimate energy transfer system, the energetic building block of life, the molecule adenosine triphosphate or ATP.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":132,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":21,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","they","found","the","ultimate","energy","transfer","system",",","the","energetic","building","block","of","life",",","the","molecule","adenosine","triphosphate","or","ATP","."],"tags":[0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This structure makes it uniquely good at accepting and releasing energy.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","structure","makes","it","uniquely","good","at","accepting","and","releasing","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"When a cell needs energy, for example to pump out molecules or to repair a broken micromachine, it can break down ATP and use the chemical energy to do work and create change.","spans":[{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":102,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":99,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":113,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":103,"token_end":22,"token_start":21},{"end":117,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":114,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":174,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":122,"token_end":34,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["When","a","cell","needs","energy",",","for","example","to","pump","out","molecules","or","to","repair","a","broken","micromachine",",","it","can","break","down","ATP","and","use","the","chemical","energy","to","do","work","and","create","change","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is why living beings are able to do stuff.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","why","living","beings","are","able","to","do","stuff","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We don't know when or how exactly the first ATP molecule was made on Earth.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","when","or","how","exactly","the","first","ATP","molecule","was","made","on","Earth","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But every living thing we know uses ATP or something very similar to keep its internal machinery running.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","every","living","thing","we","know","uses","ATP","or","something","very","similar","to","keep","its","internal","machinery","running","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's crucial for almost every process plants, fungi, bacteria and animals need to survive.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","crucial","for","almost","every","process","plants",",","fungi",",","bacteria","and","animals","need","to","survive","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While breaking down chemicals for energy is nice and all, early life did miss out on the greatest available source of energy, the sun.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":25,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["While","breaking","down","chemicals","for","energy","is","nice","and","all",",","early","life","did","miss","out","on","the","greatest","available","source","of","energy",",","the","sun","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The sun merges atoms and radiates photons away that carry energy into the solar system.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","sun","merges","atoms","and","radiates","photons","away","that","carry","energy","into","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But this energy is raw and indigestible.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","this","energy","is","raw","and","indigestible","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It needs to be refined.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","needs","to","be","refined","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"After hundreds of millions of years of evolution, finally, a cell figured out how to eat the sun.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["After","hundreds","of","millions","of","years","of","evolution",",","finally",",","a","cell","figured","out","how","to","eat","the","sun","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,0,1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It absorbed radiation and converted much of it into neat little chemical packages that it could use to stay alive.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","absorbed","radiation","and","converted","much","of","it","into","neat","little","chemical","packages","that","it","could","use","to","stay","alive","."],"tags":[1,23,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We call this process photosynthesis.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","call","this","process","photosynthesis","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,33,0]}
{"text":"You take photons that are wobbly with electromagnetic energy and use a part of this energy to merge and combine different molecules together.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":140,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["You","take","photons","that","are","wobbly","with","electromagnetic","energy","and","use","a","part","of","this","energy","to","merge","and","combine","different","molecules","together","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The electromagnetic energy is converted into chemical energy stored in the ATP molecule.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","electromagnetic","energy","is","converted","into","chemical","energy","stored","in","the","ATP","molecule","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This process became even better as some cells learned to create better chemical packages.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","process","became","even","better","as","some","cells","learned","to","create","better","chemical","packages","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is so convenient that some cells decided that instead of doing all that pesky photosynthesis work themselves,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":112,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","so","convenient","that","some","cells","decided","that","instead","of","doing","all","that","pesky","photosynthesis","work","themselves",","],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"they would just swallow other cells that did and take their glucose and ATP.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["they","would","just","swallow","other","cells","that","did","and","take","their","glucose","and","ATP","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is widely considered one of the biggest anime betrayals in evolutionary history.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":83,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","is","widely","considered","one","of","the","biggest","anime","betrayals","in","evolutionary","history","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"And so things went on.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","so","things","went","on","."],"tags":[0,0,1,31,32,0]}
{"text":"Living cells could mostly harness energy at their surfaces, which limited their maximum energy production, which limited their evolutionary avenue somewhat.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Living","cells","could","mostly","harness","energy","at","their","surfaces",",","which","limited","their","maximum","energy","production",",","which","limited","their","evolutionary","avenue","somewhat","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,19,5,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So time passed.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["So","time","passed","."],"tags":[0,1,23,0]}
{"text":"Some cells made sugar, others ate them.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","cells","made","sugar",",","others","ate","them","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Evolution did its thing, but overall things stayed pretty much the same for hundreds of millions of years.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Evolution","did","its","thing",",","but","overall","things","stayed","pretty","much","the","same","for","hundreds","of","millions","of","years","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Until one day, a cell ate another and did not kill it.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Until","one","day",",","a","cell","ate","another","and","did","not","kill","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Instead, they became one cell.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Instead",",","they","became","one","cell","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Nothing had changed that day, but Earth would be different forever.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Nothing","had","changed","that","day",",","but","Earth","would","be","different","forever","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This cell became the ancestor of all animals on this planet.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","cell","became","the","ancestor","of","all","animals","on","this","planet","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"All can trace back their existence to this moment.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["All","can","trace","back","their","existence","to","this","moment","."],"tags":[1,15,19,35,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The merging of two living beings is so important because when those two cells became one, they became way more powerful.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","merging","of","two","living","beings","is","so","important","because","when","those","two","cells","became","one",",","they","became","way","more","powerful","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The formerly independent cell in the inside could stop trying to survive.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","formerly","independent","cell","in","the","inside","could","stop","trying","to","survive","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It could concentrate on one thing, make ATP.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","could","concentrate","on","one","thing",",","make","ATP","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It became the powerhouse of the cell, the first mitochondria.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","became","the","powerhouse","of","the","cell",",","the","first","mitochondria","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The host cell's job became to ensure survival in the dangerous world and provide the mitochondria with food.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","host","cell","'s","job","became","to","ensure","survival","in","the","dangerous","world","and","provide","the","mitochondria","with","food","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Mitochondria basically reverse photosynthesis in a similarly complex process.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Mitochondria","basically","reverse","photosynthesis","in","a","similarly","complex","process","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They take sugar molecules that we got from eating other living things, combust them with oxygen and precursor molecules to make new, energy-rich ATP molecules.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","take","sugar","molecules","that","we","got","from","eating","other","living","things",",","combust","them","with","oxygen","and","precursor","molecules","to","make","new",",","energy","-","rich","ATP","molecules","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This process works like a tiny furnace and spits out waste products like CO2, water, and a little bit of kinetic energy that you experience as body heat.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":152,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":29,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","process","works","like","a","tiny","furnace","and","spits","out","waste","products","like","CO2",",","water",",","and","a","little","bit","of","kinetic","energy","that","you","experience","as","body","heat","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This first division of labor meant the new cell had way more energy available than any cell before, which meant more possibilities for evolution to enable more complex cells.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":173,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":29,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","first","division","of","labor","meant","the","new","cell","had","way","more","energy","available","than","any","cell","before",",","which","meant","more","possibilities","for","evolution","to","enable","more","complex","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"At some point, these cells began to form small groups or communities, which led to multicellular life and finally, to you.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","some","point",",","these","cells","began","to","form","small","groups","or","communities",",","which","led","to","multicellular","life","and","finally",",","to","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Today, you are a pile of trillions of cells, each filled with dozens, if not hundreds of little machines that provide you with usable energy to stay alive.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":154,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":30,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Today",",","you","are","a","pile","of","trillions","of","cells",",","each","filled","with","dozens",",","if","not","hundreds","of","little","machines","that","provide","you","with","usable","energy","to","stay","alive","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If this process is interrupted, even for a few minutes, you die.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","this","process","is","interrupted",",","even","for","a","few","minutes",",","you","die","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,0]}
{"text":"But if life is so fragile, wouldn't it be a good idea to store ATP, like we store sugar in our fat cells so we don't die if we stop breathing for a while?","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":104,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":25,"token_start":14},{"end":153,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":37,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["But","if","life","is","so","fragile",",","would","n't","it","be","a","good","idea","to","store","ATP",",","like","we","store","sugar","in","our","fat","cells","so","we","do","n't","die","if","we","stop","breathing","for","a","while","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,15,37,3,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If life has solved so many problems to make you live today, what's up with the dying quickly thing?","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":66,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","life","has","solved","so","many","problems","to","make","you","live","today",",","what","'s","up","with","the","dying","quickly","thing","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Even simple bacteria like E. coli make about 50 times their body weight in ATP for every cell division.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Even","simple","bacteria","like","E.","coli","make","about","50","times","their","body","weight","in","ATP","for","every","cell","division","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Your trillions of cells need a lot of ATP to keep you around.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Your","trillions","of","cells","need","a","lot","of","ATP","to","keep","you","around","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Every day, your body produces and converts about 90 million, billion, billion molecules of ATP, about your own body weight.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":23,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Every","day",",","your","body","produces","and","converts","about","90","million",",","billion",",","billion","molecules","of","ATP",",","about","your","own","body","weight","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,25,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"You need a whole person's worth of ATP just to make it through a single day.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["You","need","a","whole","person","'s","worth","of","ATP","just","to","make","it","through","a","single","day","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even storing enough ATP to last you a few minutes is basically impossible.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Even","storing","enough","ATP","to","last","you","a","few","minutes","is","basically","impossible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"An ATP molecule is really good for shifting energy around quickly, but it's terrible for storage since it has only 1% of a glucose molecule's energy at 3 times its mass.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":168,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":71,"token_end":34,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["An","ATP","molecule","is","really","good","for","shifting","energy","around","quickly",",","but","it","'s","terrible","for","storage","since","it","has","only","1","%","of","a","glucose","molecule","'s","energy","at","3","times","its","mass","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So ATP is constantly produced and used up fairly quickly.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","ATP","is","constantly","produced","and","used","up","fairly","quickly","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,29,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This was the short and simplified story of the molecule that allows you to be different from the dead universe and to be the slinky on the escalator.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":147,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":27,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","was","the","short","and","simplified","story","of","the","molecule","that","allows","you","to","be","different","from","the","dead","universe","and","to","be","the","slinky","on","the","escalator","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It is a weird story.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","is","a","weird","story","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There is this molecule you need to survive at all times.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","this","molecule","you","need","to","survive","at","all","times","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"You need it to keep moving because even a short break brings your slinky to a stop.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["You","need","it","to","keep","moving","because","even","a","short","break","brings","your","slinky","to","a","stop","."],"tags":[1,19,5,33,34,34,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And you need to make it yourself.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","you","need","to","make","it","yourself","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's like driving a car at full speed while producing fuel in the trunk with junk that you pick up from the side of the road.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":124,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":26,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","like","driving","a","car","at","full","speed","while","producing","fuel","in","the","trunk","with","junk","that","you","pick","up","from","the","side","of","the","road","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"As far as we know, this all began billions of years ago when tiny parts of the dead universe came together and became something else for a moment.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":28,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","far","as","we","know",",","this","all","began","billions","of","years","ago","when","tiny","parts","of","the","dead","universe","came","together","and","became","something","else","for","a","moment","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It could keep itself going.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","could","keep","itself","going","."],"tags":[1,15,21,5,33,0]}
{"text":"It could grow.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","could","grow","."],"tags":[1,15,19,0]}
{"text":"That moment set the slinky in motion and it's been going ever since.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["That","moment","set","the","slinky","in","motion","and","it","'s","been","going","ever","since","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,33,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"At some point you will merge with the rest of the dead universe again.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["At","some","point","you","will","merge","with","the","rest","of","the","dead","universe","again","."],"tags":[13,14,14,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,0]}
{"text":"Maybe you'll tell it stories about your adventures.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Maybe","you","'ll","tell","it","stories","about","your","adventures","."],"tags":[13,1,15,19,9,7,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"But before you find out, you get to do what life does best.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","before","you","find","out",",","you","get","to","do","what","life","does","best","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you are currently bored for whatever reason and you want to make your life more interesting, we've got something for you.","spans":[{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":97,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":100,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":98,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":104,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":102,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":122,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":23,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","you","are","currently","bored","for","whatever","reason","and","you","want","to","make","your","life","more","interesting",",","we","'ve","got","something","for","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,23,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We partnered with Skillshare, an online learning community that offers thousands of classes for all skill levels on tons of creative skills","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":138,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","partnered","with","Skillshare",",","an","online","learning","community","that","offers","thousands","of","classes","for","all","skill","levels","on","tons","of","creative","skills"],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14]}
{"text":"Learning something while creating stuff for yourself is pretty fun and fulfilling.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Learning","something","while","creating","stuff","for","yourself","is","pretty","fun","and","fulfilling","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"You can get unlimited access to all classes for less than $10 a month with an annual premium membership","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":14,"token_start":8},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["You","can","get","unlimited","access","to","all","classes","for","less","than","$","10","a","month","with","an","annual","premium","membership"],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14]}
{"text":"and the first 1000 Kurzgesagt viewers to click the link in the description will get a 2 month free trial.","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":80,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["and","the","first","1000","Kurzgesagt","viewers","to","click","the","link","in","the","description","will","get","a","2","month","free","trial","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"we recommend Vector Illustration, Using Creative Constraints to Find Your Style by Rick Berkelsman.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["we","recommend","Vector","Illustration",",","Using","Creative","Constraints","to","Find","Your","Style","by","Rick","Berkelsman","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Just try something to improve your skills and at the same time fight the boredom of being stuck inside.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Just","try","something","to","improve","your","skills","and","at","the","same","time","fight","the","boredom","of","being","stuck","inside","."],"tags":[13,19,5,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you want to get creative with new skills and support Kurzgesagt, give it a try.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":80,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","get","creative","with","new","skills","and","support","Kurzgesagt",",","give","it","a","try","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,9,7,8,0]}
{"text":"A lot of things can be beautiful.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","lot","of","things","can","be","beautiful","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Beauty is nothing tangible, it only exists in our heads as a pleasant feeling.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Beauty","is","nothing","tangible",",","it","only","exists","in","our","heads","as","a","pleasant","feeling","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"If we have to define it, we perceive something as beautiful if its color, shape, form, or proportion somehow are appealing or delightful to us.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":142,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":28,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","we","have","to","define","it",",","we","perceive","something","as","beautiful","if","its","color",",","shape",",","form",",","or","proportion","somehow","are","appealing","or","delightful","to","us","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,33,34,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Beauty is a very human experience that's been with us for millions of years.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Beauty","is","a","very","human","experience","that","'s","been","with","us","for","millions","of","years","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Even our first tools were trimmed to a symmetrical shape.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Even","our","first","tools","were","trimmed","to","a","symmetrical","shape","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Researchers have tried to find practical reasons why our ancestors invested the time to make their tools look nice, but couldn't really identify any.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":114,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":18,"token_start":3},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":120,"token_end":25,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Researchers","have","tried","to","find","practical","reasons","why","our","ancestors","invested","the","time","to","make","their","tools","look","nice",",","but","could","n't","really","identify","any","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It seems that early humans shaped their tools into teardrops simply because they liked them better that way.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":107,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","seems","that","early","humans","shaped","their","tools","into","teardrops","simply","because","they","liked","them","better","that","way","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Throughout our history, the definition of beauty has changed a lot.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Throughout","our","history",",","the","definition","of","beauty","has","changed","a","lot","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Ideals have shifted or turned into their opposites.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Ideals","have","shifted","or","turned","into","their","opposites","."],"tags":[1,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But beyond individual and contemporary tastes, some things have never really gone out of fashion.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":69,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":81,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":96,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","beyond","individual","and","contemporary","tastes",",","some","things","have","never","really","gone","out","of","fashion","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,37,13,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The golden ratio, symmetry, or fractal patterns can be found in the art and architecture of cultures from our beginnings to today.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","golden","ratio",",","symmetry",",","or","fractal","patterns","can","be","found","in","the","art","and","architecture","of","cultures","from","our","beginnings","to","today","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Humans seem to be in mysterious, inherent agreement about the beauty of certain things.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Humans","seem","to","be","in","mysterious",",","inherent","agreement","about","the","beauty","of","certain","things","."],"tags":[1,17,18,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The patterns that keep coming up are all rooted in nature.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","patterns","that","keep","coming","up","are","all","rooted","in","nature","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,39,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"They became part of our biology because they helped our ancestors survive.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","became","part","of","our","biology","because","they","helped","our","ancestors","survive","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Fractal patterns, for example, occur all over nature, in snail shells, flower heads, waves, or clouds.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Fractal","patterns",",","for","example",",","occur","all","over","nature",",","in","snail","shells",",","flower","heads",",","waves",",","or","clouds","."],"tags":[1,2,0,13,14,0,19,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Identifying and assessing these things and phenomena correctly used to be vital.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":73,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Identifying","and","assessing","these","things","and","phenomena","correctly","used","to","be","vital","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,17,18,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Do those clouds mean rain will come soon?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Do","those","clouds","mean","rain","will","come","soon","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Are these waters safe to swim through?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Are","these","waters","safe","to","swim","through","?"],"tags":[21,1,2,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Can I eat this?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Can","I","eat","this","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Another pervasive thing is symmetry.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Another","pervasive","thing","is","symmetry","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"In nature, it means everything is as it should be.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","nature",",","it","means","everything","is","as","it","should","be","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Stems and trees and leaves and blossoms all grow symmetrically.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Stems","and","trees","and","leaves","and","blossoms","all","grow","symmetrically","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,0]}
{"text":"A deer with impressive antlers is probably a source of nutritious meat.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","deer","with","impressive","antlers","is","probably","a","source","of","nutritious","meat","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A deformed wheat ear may not be safe to eat.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","deformed","wheat","ear","may","not","be","safe","to","eat","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,37,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A symmetrical face is more likely to belong to a healthy and fertile mating partner.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","symmetrical","face","is","more","likely","to","belong","to","a","healthy","and","fertile","mating","partner","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Because symmetry is so common in fauna and flora, it's extremely familiar to our brain.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Because","symmetry","is","so","common","in","fauna","and","flora",",","it","'s","extremely","familiar","to","our","brain","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It helped our ancestors evaluate their environment more easily and react quickly to danger.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":90,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","helped","our","ancestors","evaluate","their","environment","more","easily","and","react","quickly","to","danger","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Things that help us survive activate the reward center in our brain.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Things","that","help","us","survive","activate","the","reward","center","in","our","brain","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Recognizing signals of safety and nutrition trigger nice feelings in us.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Recognizing","signals","of","safety","and","nutrition","trigger","nice","feelings","in","us","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"So our sense of beauty probably evolved from pattern recognition.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","our","sense","of","beauty","probably","evolved","from","pattern","recognition","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,13,23,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But it goes way beyond that now.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","it","goes","way","beyond","that","now","."],"tags":[0,1,25,13,14,14,13,0]}
{"text":"Humans seem to have evolved an instinct for beauty that is deeply hardwired into us.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Humans","seem","to","have","evolved","an","instinct","for","beauty","that","is","deeply","hardwired","into","us","."],"tags":[1,17,18,19,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It remains even after other processes in our brain stop working.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","remains","even","after","other","processes","in","our","brain","stop","working","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Alzheimer's patients were asked to rank the beauty of several paintings.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":71,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Alzheimer","'s","patients","were","asked","to","rank","the","beauty","of","several","paintings","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Then the experiment was repeated two weeks later.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Then","the","experiment","was","repeated","two","weeks","later","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The patients had long since forgotten the paintings, but still ranked the beauty of the paintings in the same order.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":115,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","patients","had","long","since","forgotten","the","paintings",",","but","still","ranked","the","beauty","of","the","paintings","in","the","same","order","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,14,29,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"One could argue that this doesn't say much.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["One","could","argue","that","this","does","n't","say","much","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But other research has shown that we have a sort of lowest common denominator when it comes to beauty.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":101,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","other","research","has","shown","that","we","have","a","sort","of","lowest","common","denominator","when","it","comes","to","beauty","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In different experiments, people were asked to distinguish real from fake abstract paintings.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":92,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","different","experiments",",","people","were","asked","to","distinguish","real","from","fake","abstract","paintings","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Some were originals by Mondrian and Pollock that were painted based on strict rules like fractal patterns, while the imitations were not.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":104,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":16,"token_start":2},{"end":135,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":22,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Some","were","originals","by","Mondrian","and","Pollock","that","were","painted","based","on","strict","rules","like","fractal","patterns",",","while","the","imitations","were","not","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The majority picked out the original artworks.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","majority","picked","out","the","original","artworks","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This worked with paintings from both artists, even though their styles are very different.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","worked","with","paintings","from","both","artists",",","even","though","their","styles","are","very","different","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Another experiment also used abstract artworks, but asked people to pick them out among similar paintings made either by children or animals.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":140,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Another","experiment","also","used","abstract","artworks",",","but","asked","people","to","pick","them","out","among","similar","paintings","made","either","by","children","or","animals","."],"tags":[1,2,13,23,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Again, the test subject pointed out the legit paintings whose patterns were carefully planned and not random.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Again",",","the","test","subject","pointed","out","the","legit","paintings","whose","patterns","were","carefully","planned","and","not","random","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So while we have a hard time pinning down what beauty is or what it's based on, we somehow recognize it when we see it.","spans":[{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":17,"token_start":1},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":100,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":91,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":26,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["So","while","we","have","a","hard","time","pinning","down","what","beauty","is","or","what","it","'s","based","on",",","we","somehow","recognize","it","when","we","see","it","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Humans don't navigate nature trying to survive day by day anymore.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Humans","do","n't","navigate","nature","trying","to","survive","day","by","day","anymore","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,0]}
{"text":"We left the natural world behind and created our own.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","left","the","natural","world","behind","and","created","our","own","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,35,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We made the objects that surround us, the things we wear and use and look at.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","made","the","objects","that","surround","us",",","the","things","we","wear","and","use","and","look","at","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As we spread over the planet and our numbers grew, we shaped a completely man-made environment.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","we","spread","over","the","planet","and","our","numbers","grew",",","we","shaped","a","completely","man","-","made","environment","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In the process of doing so, we often neglected beauty in favor of functionality, cost and efficiency.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","the","process","of","doing","so",",","we","often","neglected","beauty","in","favor","of","functionality",",","cost","and","efficiency","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,23,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We built rows and rows of concrete housing blocks that nobody wants to live in.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","built","rows","and","rows","of","concrete","housing","blocks","that","nobody","wants","to","live","in","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We have ugly underground subway stations, shabby public service buildings and sprawling malls.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","ugly","underground","subway","stations",",","shabby","public","service","buildings","and","sprawling","malls","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Humans don't like monotony.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Humans","do","n't","like","monotony","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Eye-tracking software has shown that people keep focusing on details and ornaments of architecture while brushing quickly over buildings.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":136,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Eye","-","tracking","software","has","shown","that","people","keep","focusing","on","details","and","ornaments","of","architecture","while","brushing","quickly","over","buildings","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Experiments with skin sensors showed that looking at vast dull facades makes us feel bored and uncomfortable.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Experiments","with","skin","sensors","showed","that","looking","at","vast","dull","facades","makes","us","feel","bored","and","uncomfortable","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This kind of boredom has been linked to raised heart rates and stress levels.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","kind","of","boredom","has","been","linked","to","raised","heart","rates","and","stress","levels","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And the opposite seems to be true too.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","the","opposite","seems","to","be","true","too","."],"tags":[0,1,2,17,18,21,11,13,0]}
{"text":"Over the last decades, more and more studies have found that surroundings that are actually aesthetically pleasing to us can improve our well-being, our behavior, cognitive function and mood.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":190,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":33,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Over","the","last","decades",",","more","and","more","studies","have","found","that","surroundings","that","are","actually","aesthetically","pleasing","to","us","can","improve","our","well","-","being",",","our","behavior",",","cognitive","function","and","mood","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our bodies and brains react measurably and visibly to everything that surrounds us.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Our","bodies","and","brains","react","measurably","and","visibly","to","everything","that","surrounds","us","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Beauty in particular has such a strong impact on our well-being that making useful things beautiful can actually make them better.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":128,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Beauty","in","particular","has","such","a","strong","impact","on","our","well","-","being","that","making","useful","things","beautiful","can","actually","make","them","better","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In 2017, a hospital examined recovery factors through observation and interviews with patients.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","2017",",","a","hospital","examined","recovery","factors","through","observation","and","interviews","with","patients","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Another study looked at how well patients recovered in a hospital that had two wards.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Another","study","looked","at","how","well","patients","recovered","in","a","hospital","that","had","two","wards","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To the researchers' surprise, the patients that stayed in the new renovated environment needed less pain medication","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":14,"token_start":6},{"end":93,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":88,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":114,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["To","the","researchers","'","surprise",",","the","patients","that","stayed","in","the","new","renovated","environment","needed","less","pain","medication"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6]}
{"text":"More beautiful surroundings made them feel better physically.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":28,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["More","beautiful","surroundings","made","them","feel","better","physically","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Beauty also has an effect on us on a daily basis.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Beauty","also","has","an","effect","on","us","on","a","daily","basis","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It can improve our general happiness.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","can","improve","our","general","happiness","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A study that looked at the main factors influencing the happiness of adults revealed an unexpected result.","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":76,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["A","study","that","looked","at","the","main","factors","influencing","the","happiness","of","adults","revealed","an","unexpected","result","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Besides things like good health and a harmonious family life, individual happiness is affected by how beautiful you find the city you live in.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":83,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":93,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":86,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":24,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Besides","things","like","good","health","and","a","harmonious","family","life",",","individual","happiness","is","affected","by","how","beautiful","you","find","the","city","you","live","in","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Beauty scored even higher than cleanliness or safety.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Beauty","scored","even","higher","than","cleanliness","or","safety","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, what can we learn from all of this?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So",",","what","can","we","learn","from","all","of","this","?"],"tags":[0,0,5,15,1,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We know that we humans have been fine-tuned for millions of years to process visual input and assess our surroundings.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":117,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","know","that","we","humans","have","been","fine","-","tuned","for","millions","of","years","to","process","visual","input","and","assess","our","surroundings","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's just what we're programmed to do.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","just","what","we","'re","programmed","to","do","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And we're starting to learn more about how much beauty as a property is really influencing us.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","we","'re","starting","to","learn","more","about","how","much","beauty","as","a","property","is","really","influencing","us","."],"tags":[0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Beauty meets an inherent need for meaningful information.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Beauty","meets","an","inherent","need","for","meaningful","information","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Maybe it would be worth giving it more space in this man-made world we have created.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Maybe","it","would","be","worth","giving","it","more","space","in","this","man","-","made","world","we","have","created","."],"tags":[13,3,15,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This video was a collaboration with the creative agencies Sagmeister and Walsh as a contribution to their upcoming beauty exhibition.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":131,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","video","was","a","collaboration","with","the","creative","agencies","Sagmeister","and","Walsh","as","a","contribution","to","their","upcoming","beauty","exhibition","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The exhibition will be shown at the MAK Vienna from October 23rd, 2018 until March 31st, 2019 and the MAK Frankfurt from May 1st until September 30th, 2019.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","exhibition","will","be","shown","at","the","MAK","Vienna","from","October","23rd",",","2018","until","March","31st",",","2019","and","the","MAK","Frankfurt","from","May","1st","until","September","30th",",","2019","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Black holes are the most powerful things in the universe, strong enough to rip whole stars into atom-sized pieces.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":112,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":21,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Black","holes","are","the","most","powerful","things","in","the","universe",",","strong","enough","to","rip","whole","stars","into","atom","-","sized","pieces","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While this is scary enough, they have an even more powerful and dark property.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["While","this","is","scary","enough",",","they","have","an","even","more","powerful","and","dark","property","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They might delete the universe itself.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","might","delete","the","universe","itself","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A black hole appears when an extraordinary amount of matter is concentrated in a tiny space.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","black","hole","appears","when","an","extraordinary","amount","of","matter","is","concentrated","in","a","tiny","space","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At their center, gravity is almost infinitely strong, and whatever gets too close is ripped into its elementary particles.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["At","their","center",",","gravity","is","almost","infinitely","strong",",","and","whatever","gets","too","close","is","ripped","into","its","elementary","particles","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Not even light can escape black holes, and so we perceive them as spheres of blackness.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Not","even","light","can","escape","black","holes",",","and","so","we","perceive","them","as","spheres","of","blackness","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you were to fall into a black hole, nothing bad would happen until well after you crossed its outer border, the event horizon.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","were","to","fall","into","a","black","hole",",","nothing","bad","would","happen","until","well","after","you","crossed","its","outer","border",",","the","event","horizon","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You can imagine this as swimming in a river that ends in an enormous waterfall.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","can","imagine","this","as","swimming","in","a","river","that","ends","in","an","enormous","waterfall","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As you float along, imperceptibly, the stream gets faster and faster, even if you can't see the waterfall yet.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["As","you","float","along",",","imperceptibly",",","the","stream","gets","faster","and","faster",",","even","if","you","ca","n't","see","the","waterfall","yet","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You could swim to safety, until without even noticing it, you cross the point of no return.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["You","could","swim","to","safety",",","until","without","even","noticing","it",",","you","cross","the","point","of","no","return","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"No matter how fast you try to swim now, the stream will pull you towards sudden death.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["No","matter","how","fast","you","try","to","swim","now",",","the","stream","will","pull","you","towards","sudden","death","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Nothing can escape a black hole waterfall once it gets too close.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Nothing","can","escape","a","black","hole","waterfall","once","it","gets","too","close","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This border completely separates black holes from the rest of the universe.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","border","completely","separates","black","holes","from","the","rest","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,13,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We can't access them unless we're willing to never return.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","ca","n't","access","them","unless","we","'re","willing","to","never","return","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So there's no way of telling what's really going on inside black holes, but we have a few ideas about what's going on right at their very edges.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":14,"token_start":3},{"end":143,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":76,"token_end":31,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["So","there","'s","no","way","of","telling","what","'s","really","going","on","inside","black","holes",",","but","we","have","a","few","ideas","about","what","'s","going","on","right","at","their","very","edges","."],"tags":[13,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Black holes radiate their mass away, like a hot pot on a stove losing its water as steam.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Black","holes","radiate","their","mass","away",",","like","a","hot","pot","on","a","stove","losing","its","water","as","steam","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,35,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is called Hawking radiation.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","called","Hawking","radiation","."],"tags":[1,15,29,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Black holes constantly lose an extremely tiny amount of their mass, a process that's unbelievably slow.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Black","holes","constantly","lose","an","extremely","tiny","amount","of","their","mass",",","a","process","that","'s","unbelievably","slow","."],"tags":[1,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It will take a black hole with the mass of our sun 10,000 billion billion billion billion billion billion years to lose 0.00000001% of its mass.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":143,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":26,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["It","will","take","a","black","hole","with","the","mass","of","our","sun","10,000","billion","billion","billion","billion","billion","billion","years","to","lose","0.00000001","%","of","its","mass","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This is happening constantly and unstoppably, and as it goes on, it speeds up more and more.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","is","happening","constantly","and","unstoppably",",","and","as","it","goes","on",",","it","speeds","up","more","and","more","."],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In the far far future, when the last star in the universe has been dead for trillions of years,","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":66,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["In","the","far","far","future",",","when","the","last","star","in","the","universe","has","been","dead","for","trillions","of","years",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"black holes will become tinier and tinier until they evaporate and disappear, leaving behind just a bit of radiation.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["black","holes","will","become","tinier","and","tinier","until","they","evaporate","and","disappear",",","leaving","behind","just","a","bit","of","radiation","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But this is a problem, because in the process of disappearing, black holes might delete something fundamental, information.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","this","is","a","problem",",","because","in","the","process","of","disappearing",",","black","holes","might","delete","something","fundamental",",","information","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"2. What is information?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["2",".","What","is","information","?"],"tags":[0,0,11,21,1,0]}
{"text":"Information is nothing tangible.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Information","is","nothing","tangible","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"It's typically understood as a property of the arrangement of particles.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","typically","understood","as","a","property","of","the","arrangement","of","particles","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"What does this mean?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","does","this","mean","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"Imagine a bunch of carbon atoms.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","a","bunch","of","carbon","atoms","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Arrange them in a certain way and you get coal.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Arrange","them","in","a","certain","way","and","you","get","coal","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Arrange them in a different way and you get a diamond.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Arrange","them","in","a","different","way","and","you","get","a","diamond","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The atoms are the same.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","atoms","are","the","same","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"What changes is the information.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","changes","is","the","information","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"If we make this more complex and add in a few more atoms, we get a banana.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","we","make","this","more","complex","and","add","in","a","few","more","atoms",",","we","get","a","banana","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Change the arrangement of the atoms and we get a squirrel.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Change","the","arrangement","of","the","atoms","and","we","get","a","squirrel","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The basic building blocks of everything in the universe are the same and don't care if they're part of a bird or a rock or a cup of coffee.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":138,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":30,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","basic","building","blocks","of","everything","in","the","universe","are","the","same","and","do","n't","care","if","they","'re","part","of","a","bird","or","a","rock","or","a","cup","of","coffee","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Without information, everything in the universe would be the same.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Without","information",",","everything","in","the","universe","would","be","the","same","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"According to the theory of quantum mechanics, information is indestructible.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["According","to","the","theory","of","quantum","mechanics",",","information","is","indestructible","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It might change shape, but it can never be lost.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","might","change","shape",",","but","it","can","never","be","lost","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"For example, if you burn a piece of paper, you get ash.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["For","example",",","if","you","burn","a","piece","of","paper",",","you","get","ash","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"That ash will never become paper again.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["That","ash","will","never","become","paper","again","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,21,11,13,0]}
{"text":"and measured the exact properties of the smoke and heat radiating from the fire, you could, in theory, reconstruct the paper.","spans":[{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":19,"token_start":18},{"end":114,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":103,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":124,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":115,"token_end":23,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["and","measured","the","exact","properties","of","the","smoke","and","heat","radiating","from","the","fire",",","you","could",",","in","theory",",","reconstruct","the","paper","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,15,0,13,14,0,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The information of the paper is still in the universe.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","information","of","the","paper","is","still","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's not lost.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","lost","."],"tags":[1,15,37,29,0]}
{"text":"It's just hard to read.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","just","hard","to","read","."],"tags":[3,21,13,11,1,2,0]}
{"text":"If you could somehow measure every single atom and particle and wave of radiation in the universe, you could see and track every bit of information there is.","spans":[{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":102,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":108,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":103,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":112,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":109,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":156,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":117,"token_end":28,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["If","you","could","somehow","measure","every","single","atom","and","particle","and","wave","of","radiation","in","the","universe",",","you","could","see","and","track","every","bit","of","information","there","is","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Hypothetically, you could see the entire history of the universe right back to the Big Bang.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Hypothetically",",","you","could","see","the","entire","history","of","the","universe","right","back","to","the","Big","Bang","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And here, black holes trip us up.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","here",",","black","holes","trip","us","up","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,19,5,35,0]}
{"text":"Information tells us how things are different from each other and what used to be what.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":86,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Information","tells","us","how","things","are","different","from","each","other","and","what","used","to","be","what","."],"tags":[1,25,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"Black holes do the opposite.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Black","holes","do","the","opposite","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"They take different things and make them the same.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["They","take","different","things","and","make","them","the","same","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They destroy information.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","destroy","information","."],"tags":[1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"This creates the information paradox and this is a serious problem.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","creates","the","information","paradox","and","this","is","a","serious","problem","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's fundamental for all our laws of physics that information can never be lost.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","'s","fundamental","for","all","our","laws","of","physics","that","information","can","never","be","lost","."],"tags":[3,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Existing, not existing, without information, everything is relative.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Existing",",","not","existing",",","without","information",",","everything","is","relative","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"When it comes to our understanding of reality, we need absolutes.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["When","it","comes","to","our","understanding","of","reality",",","we","need","absolutes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"How could we solve this paradox?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["How","could","we","solve","this","paradox","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"There are a few possibilities.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","a","few","possibilities","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"One, information is lost.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["One",",","information","is","lost","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,29,0]}
{"text":"This means we have to nix all our laws of physics, throwing out a lot of stuff that's worked very well so far and start from scratch.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":132,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":28,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","we","have","to","nix","all","our","laws","of","physics",",","throwing","out","a","lot","of","stuff","that","'s","worked","very","well","so","far","and","start","from","scratch","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"What those new laws of physics would look like or what that means for us, nobody knows.","spans":[{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["What","those","new","laws","of","physics","would","look","like","or","what","that","means","for","us",",","nobody","knows","."],"tags":[5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,1,25,0]}
{"text":"This is a little frightening, but also kind of exciting.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","a","little","frightening",",","but","also","kind","of","exciting","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Two, information is hidden.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Two",",","information","is","hidden","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,29,0]}
{"text":"Maybe a little part of the black hole splits off and forms a baby universe.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Maybe","a","little","part","of","the","black","hole","splits","off","and","forms","a","baby","universe","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,35,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The information would be transferred into this new, weird place where we could never observe or interact with it, but technically it would not be lost.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":19,"token_start":5},{"end":150,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":118,"token_end":27,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["The","information","would","be","transferred","into","this","new",",","weird","place","where","we","could","never","observe","or","interact","with","it",",","but","technically","it","would","not","be","lost","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's like having a broken hard drive with all your family photos that you could never access.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","like","having","a","broken","hard","drive","with","all","your","family","photos","that","you","could","never","access","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Sure, it's nice that they've not been deleted, but also not very helpful.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Sure",",","it","'s","nice","that","they","'ve","not","been","deleted",",","but","also","not","very","helpful","."],"tags":[0,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Or maybe black holes don't disappear completely after the end of their life cycles, but a little piece is left.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":14,"token_start":8},{"end":110,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Or","maybe","black","holes","do","n't","disappear","completely","after","the","end","of","their","life","cycles",",","but","a","little","piece","is","left","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,15,37,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,3,4,4,4,4,0]}
{"text":"But there's a third option.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","'s","a","third","option","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,0]}
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{"text":"Perhaps we've just been looking at this whole thing the wrong way.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Perhaps","we","'ve","just","been","looking","at","this","whole","thing","the","wrong","way","."],"tags":[13,1,15,13,15,31,32,5,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We know that black holes trap information and might delete it later, but we never thought about what they do with it in the meantime.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":132,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["We","know","that","black","holes","trap","information","and","might","delete","it","later",",","but","we","never","thought","about","what","they","do","with","it","in","the","meantime","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Where do black holes store their information?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Where","do","black","holes","store","their","information","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's create a black hole with dirty laundry.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","create","a","black","hole","with","dirty","laundry","."],"tags":[19,1,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"First, we fill up a room with laundry baskets.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["First",",","we","fill","up","a","room","with","laundry","baskets","."],"tags":[13,0,1,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The more laundry you want to store, the more baskets you put in the room.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","more","laundry","you","want","to","store",",","the","more","baskets","you","put","in","the","room","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,5,6,6,1,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But at some point, every single basket is full and the room is completely stacked.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","at","some","point",",","every","single","basket","is","full","and","the","room","is","completely","stacked","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Not a single extra sock fits in.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Not","a","single","extra","sock","fits","in","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,31,32,0]}
{"text":"The room is at maximum capacity.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","room","is","at","maximum","capacity","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But if we still squeeze the sock in with a lot of energy and violence, the room collapses in on itself and forms a black hole.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":14,"token_start":1},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":80,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":92,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":90,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":21,"token_start":20},{"end":125,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":107,"token_end":26,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["But","if","we","still","squeeze","the","sock","in","with","a","lot","of","energy","and","violence",",","the","room","collapses","in","on","itself","and","forms","a","black","hole","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,35,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But the capacity of the room itself has not changed.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","the","capacity","of","the","room","itself","has","not","changed","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,29,0]}
{"text":"Fitting in more stuff for information is still impossible.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Fitting","in","more","stuff","for","information","is","still","impossible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"So what happens if we throw more laundry into it?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","what","happens","if","we","throw","more","laundry","into","it","?"],"tags":[0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The room itself gets a little bit bigger to make space for the new information.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","room","itself","gets","a","little","bit","bigger","to","make","space","for","the","new","information","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It turns out a black hole grows its surface by a tiny pixel for each bit of information we throw into it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":21,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","turns","out","a","black","hole","grows","its","surface","by","a","tiny","pixel","for","each","bit","of","information","we","throw","into","it","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, more information means more surface area.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","more","information","means","more","surface","area","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The information gets painted on the surface similar to what happens when we throw a stone into a pond.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","information","gets","painted","on","the","surface","similar","to","what","happens","when","we","throw","a","stone","into","a","pond","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After the stone sinks to the bottom, we can't see it anymore, but we can tell that something went in from the ripples on the surface of the pond.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":31,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["After","the","stone","sinks","to","the","bottom",",","we","ca","n't","see","it","anymore",",","but","we","can","tell","that","something","went","in","from","the","ripples","on","the","surface","of","the","pond","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Even the smallest black hole can store more information on its surface than all the data ever produced in human history.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Even","the","smallest","black","hole","can","store","more","information","on","its","surface","than","all","the","data","ever","produced","in","human","history","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They do this by storing information in a type of pixel that is unbelievably tiny.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","do","this","by","storing","information","in","a","type","of","pixel","that","is","unbelievably","tiny","."],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Black holes are the ultimate hard drive.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Black","holes","are","the","ultimate","hard","drive","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This is a bit like taking a paperback and turning it into an e-book.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","a","bit","like","taking","a","paperback","and","turning","it","into","an","e","-","book","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's just encoded and memorized in another way.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","'s","just","encoded","and","memorized","in","another","way","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Black holes swallowing stars and planets is a bit like transferring a whole library onto an e-reader.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Black","holes","swallowing","stars","and","planets","is","a","bit","like","transferring","a","whole","library","onto","an","e","-","reader","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This solution is called the holographic principle.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","solution","is","called","the","holographic","principle","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But if it's correct, then everything we thought we knew about the universe is wrong.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":14,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","if","it","'s","correct",",","then","everything","we","thought","we","knew","about","the","universe","is","wrong","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The universe is a hologram.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","universe","is","a","hologram","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"If information is actually stored on the boundary of a black hole, the Hawking radiation has a chance of learning about the information encoded there and can carry it away.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":89,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":149,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":25,"token_start":17},{"end":171,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":154,"token_end":30,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["If","information","is","actually","stored","on","the","boundary","of","a","black","hole",",","the","Hawking","radiation","has","a","chance","of","learning","about","the","information","encoded","there","and","can","carry","it","away","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, information is not lost when black holes fade away and we do not need to redo physics.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So",",","information","is","not","lost","when","black","holes","fade","away","and","we","do","not","need","to","redo","physics","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,37,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The information paradox is resolved.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","information","paradox","is","resolved","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"But we still have to change our understanding of reality in a fundamental way.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","we","still","have","to","change","our","understanding","of","reality","in","a","fundamental","way","."],"tags":[0,1,13,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If everything that falls into the black hole is stored on its event horizon, that basically means that three-dimensional stuff is encoded on a flat surface.","spans":[{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":97,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":92,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":155,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":28,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","everything","that","falls","into","the","black","hole","is","stored","on","its","event","horizon",",","that","basically","means","that","three","-","dimensional","stuff","is","encoded","on","a","flat","surface","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We have a name for this, a hologram.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","a","name","for","this",",","a","hologram","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A hologram is like a 3D photo, a flat piece of plastic that encodes a three-dimensional image.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":93,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["A","hologram","is","like","a","3D","photo",",","a","flat","piece","of","plastic","that","encodes","a","three","-","dimensional","image","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A black hole is like a hologram because everything inside it is encoded on its event horizon.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","black","hole","is","like","a","hologram","because","everything","inside","it","is","encoded","on","its","event","horizon","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A person inside a black hole would experience their usual three-dimensional life.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","person","inside","a","black","hole","would","experience","their","usual","three","-","dimensional","life","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But for us on the outside, they are flattened images on the surface of the black hole.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","for","us","on","the","outside",",","they","are","flattened","images","on","the","surface","of","the","black","hole","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The consequence of this is counterintuitive, but stay with us for a moment.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","consequence","of","this","is","counterintuitive",",","but","stay","with","us","for","a","moment","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Black holes are very extreme objects, but they're still bound to the same rules as everything else.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Black","holes","are","very","extreme","objects",",","but","they","'re","still","bound","to","the","same","rules","as","everything","else","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So if this crazy duality between 2D and 3D works for black holes, then it might work for the whole universe and you in it.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":80,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":25,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["So","if","this","crazy","duality","between","2D","and","3D","works","for","black","holes",",","then","it","might","work","for","the","whole","universe","and","you","in","it","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Since a person inside a black hole would not realize that they're encoded on a flat surface, we might share the same fate.","spans":[{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":100,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":96,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":106,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":102,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":120,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":108,"token_end":24,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Since","a","person","inside","a","black","hole","would","not","realize","that","they","'re","encoded","on","a","flat","surface",",","we","might","share","the","same","fate","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You really might be stretched over a flat screen at the end of the universe.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["You","really","might","be","stretched","over","a","flat","screen","at","the","end","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,13,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The science behind this is complicated and really weird, with toy universes to play with, string theory, and a lot of maths.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","science","behind","this","is","complicated","and","really","weird",",","with","toy","universes","to","play","with",",","string","theory",",","and","a","lot","of","maths","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We'll talk about this more in another video.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","'ll","talk","about","this","more","in","another","video","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,13,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Regardless of what the true nature of the universe really is, we just know that it's strange and complicated, and we have to do a lot more physics to understand it.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":20,"token_start":15},{"end":163,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":114,"token_end":33,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["Regardless","of","what","the","true","nature","of","the","universe","really","is",",","we","just","know","that","it","'s","strange","and","complicated",",","and","we","have","to","do","a","lot","more","physics","to","understand","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But black holes might be key to understanding the nature of reality itself.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","black","holes","might","be","key","to","understanding","the","nature","of","reality","itself","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This video was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation and realized with the scientific advice of Alessandro Sfondrini.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":129,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["This","video","was","supported","by","the","Swiss","National","Science","Foundation","and","realized","with","the","scientific","advice","of","Alessandro","Sfondrini","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Cancer is a creepy and mysterious thing.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Cancer","is","a","creepy","and","mysterious","thing","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In the process of trying to understand it, to get better at killing it, we discovered a biological paradox that remains unsolved to this day.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":75,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":139,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":26,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["In","the","process","of","trying","to","understand","it",",","to","get","better","at","killing","it",",","we","discovered","a","biological","paradox","that","remains","unsolved","to","this","day","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Large animals seem to be immune to cancer, which doesn't make any sense.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Large","animals","seem","to","be","immune","to","cancer",",","which","does","n't","make","any","sense","."],"tags":[1,2,17,18,21,11,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The bigger a being, the more cancer it should have.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","bigger","a","being",",","the","more","cancer","it","should","have","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,5,6,6,1,15,19,0]}
{"text":"To understand why, we first need to take a look at the nature of cancer itself.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["To","understand","why",",","we","first","need","to","take","a","look","at","the","nature","of","cancer","itself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our cells are protein robots made out of hundreds of millions of parts.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Our","cells","are","protein","robots","made","out","of","hundreds","of","millions","of","parts","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Guided only by chemical reactions, they create and dismantle structures, sustain a metabolism to gain energy, or make almost perfect copies of themselves.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":12},{"end":153,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":113,"token_end":25,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Guided","only","by","chemical","reactions",",","they","create","and","dismantle","structures",",","sustain","a","metabolism","to","gain","energy",",","or","make","almost","perfect","copies","of","themselves","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,0,41,42,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We call these complex chemical reactions pathways.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","call","these","complex","chemical","reactions","pathways","."],"tags":[1,19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"They are biochemical networks upon networks, intertwined and stacked on top of each other.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","biochemical","networks","upon","networks",",","intertwined","and","stacked","on","top","of","each","other","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Most of them can barely be comprehended by a single human mind, and yet they function perfectly.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Most","of","them","can","barely","be","comprehended","by","a","single","human","mind",",","and","yet","they","function","perfectly","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Until they don't.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Until","they","do","n't","."],"tags":[0,1,19,37,0]}
{"text":"With billions of trillions of reactions happening in thousands of networks over many years, the question is not if something will go wrong, but when.","spans":[{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":104,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":107,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":105,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":148,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":108,"token_end":26,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["With","billions","of","trillions","of","reactions","happening","in","thousands","of","networks","over","many","years",",","the","question","is","not","if","something","will","go","wrong",",","but","when","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Tiny mistakes add up until the grandiose machinery gets corrupted.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Tiny","mistakes","add","up","until","the","grandiose","machinery","gets","corrupted","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To prevent this from getting out of hand, our cells have kill switches that make them commit suicide.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["To","prevent","this","from","getting","out","of","hand",",","our","cells","have","kill","switches","that","make","them","commit","suicide","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But these kill switches are not infallible.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","these","kill","switches","are","not","infallible","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"If they fail, a cell can turn into a cancer cell.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","they","fail",",","a","cell","can","turn","into","a","cancer","cell","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,31,32,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Most of them are slain by the immune system very quickly.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Most","of","them","are","slain","by","the","immune","system","very","quickly","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But this is a numbers game.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","this","is","a","numbers","game","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Given enough time, a cell will accrue enough mistakes, slip by unnoticed, and begin making more of itself.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":72,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Given","enough","time",",","a","cell","will","accrue","enough","mistakes",",","slip","by","unnoticed",",","and","begin","making","more","of","itself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"All animals have to deal with this problem.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["All","animals","have","to","deal","with","this","problem","."],"tags":[1,2,17,18,31,32,5,6,0]}
{"text":"In general, the cells of different animals are the same size.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","general",",","the","cells","of","different","animals","are","the","same","size","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The cells of a mouse aren't smaller than yours.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","cells","of","a","mouse","are","n't","smaller","than","yours","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It just has fewer cells in total, and a shorter lifespan.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","just","has","fewer","cells","in","total",",","and","a","shorter","lifespan","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Fewer cells and a short life means a lower chance of things going wrong or cells mutating.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Fewer","cells","and","a","short","life","means","a","lower","chance","of","things","going","wrong","or","cells","mutating","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Or, at least it should mean that.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Or",",","at","least","it","should","mean","that","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,1,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Humans live about 50 times longer and have 1,000 times more cells than mice.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Humans","live","about","50","times","longer","and","have","1,000","times","more","cells","than","mice","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Yet the rate of cancer is basically the same in humans and in mice.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Yet","the","rate","of","cancer","is","basically","the","same","in","humans","and","in","mice","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even weirder, blue whales with about 3,000 times more cells than humans don't seem to get cancer at all, really.","spans":[{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":77,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":85,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":86,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":20,"token_start":19},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":22,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Even","weirder",",","blue","whales","with","about","3,000","times","more","cells","than","humans","do","n't","seem","to","get","cancer","at","all",",","really","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,17,18,19,5,13,14,0,13,0]}
{"text":"This is Pitot's paradox.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","Pitot","'s","paradox","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Scientists think there are two main ways of explaining the paradox.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Scientists","think","there","are","two","main","ways","of","explaining","the","paradox","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As multicellular beings developed 600 million years ago, animals became bigger and bigger,","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","multicellular","beings","developed","600","million","years","ago",",","animals","became","bigger","and","bigger",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So the collective had to invest in better and better cancer defenses.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","the","collective","had","to","invest","in","better","and","better","cancer","defenses","."],"tags":[0,1,2,17,18,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But cancer doesn't just happen, it's a process that involves many individual mistakes and mutations in several specific genes within the same cell.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":146,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":25,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","cancer","does","n't","just","happen",",","it","'s","a","process","that","involves","many","individual","mistakes","and","mutations","in","several","specific","genes","within","the","same","cell","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"These genes are called proto-oncogenes, and when they mutate, it's bad news.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["These","genes","are","called","proto","-","oncogenes",",","and","when","they","mutate",",","it","'s","bad","news","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,33,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"For example, with the right mutation, a cell will lose its ability to kill itself.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["For","example",",","with","the","right","mutation",",","a","cell","will","lose","its","ability","to","kill","itself","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Another mutation, and it will develop the ability to hide.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Another","mutation",",","and","it","will","develop","the","ability","to","hide","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Another, and it will send out calls for resources.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Another",",","and","it","will","send","out","calls","for","resources","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Another one, and it will multiply quickly.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Another","one",",","and","it","will","multiply","quickly","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,1,15,19,13,0]}
{"text":"These oncogenes have an antagonist though.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["These","oncogenes","have","an","antagonist","though","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,13,0]}
{"text":"They prevent these critical mutations from happening, or order the cell to kill itself if they decide it's beyond repair.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","prevent","these","critical","mutations","from","happening",",","or","order","the","cell","to","kill","itself","if","they","decide","it","'s","beyond","repair","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It turns out that large animals have an increased number of them.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","turns","out","that","large","animals","have","an","increased","number","of","them","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Because of this, elephant cells require more mutations than mice cells to develop a tumor.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Because","of","this",",","elephant","cells","require","more","mutations","than","mice","cells","to","develop","a","tumor","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They are not immune, but more resilient.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","not","immune",",","but","more","resilient","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This adaption probably comes with a cost in some form, but researchers still aren't sure what it is.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["This","adaption","probably","comes","with","a","cost","in","some","form",",","but","researchers","still","are","n't","sure","what","it","is","."],"tags":[1,2,13,25,13,14,14,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Maybe tumor suppressors make elephants age quicker later in life, or slow down how quickly injuries heal.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Maybe","tumor","suppressors","make","elephants","age","quicker","later","in","life",",","or","slow","down","how","quickly","injuries","heal","."],"tags":[13,1,2,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We don't know yet.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","yet","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,0]}
{"text":"But the solution to the paradox may actually be something different.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","the","solution","to","the","paradox","may","actually","be","something","different","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,15,13,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Hypertumors are named after hyperparasites, the parasites of parasites.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Hypertumors","are","named","after","hyperparasites",",","the","parasites","of","parasites","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Hypertumors are the tumors of tumors.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Hypertumors","are","the","tumors","of","tumors","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Cancer can be thought of as a breakdown in cooperation.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Cancer","can","be","thought","of","as","a","breakdown","in","cooperation","."],"tags":[1,15,15,31,32,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Normally, cells work together to form structures like organs, tissue, or elements of the immune system.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Normally",",","cells","work","together","to","form","structures","like","organs",",","tissue",",","or","elements","of","the","immune","system","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But cancer cells are selfish and only work for their own short-term benefit.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","cancer","cells","are","selfish","and","only","work","for","their","own","short","-","term","benefit","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If they're successful, they form tumors, huge cancer collectives that can be very hard to kill.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["If","they","'re","successful",",","they","form","tumors",",","huge","cancer","collectives","that","can","be","very","hard","to","kill","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Making a tumor is hard work, though.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Making","a","tumor","is","hard","work",",","though","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0,13,0]}
{"text":"Millions or billions of cancer cells multiply rapidly, which requires a lot of resources and energy.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Millions","or","billions","of","cancer","cells","multiply","rapidly",",","which","requires","a","lot","of","resources","and","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The amount of nutrients they can steal from the body becomes the limiting factor for growth.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","amount","of","nutrients","they","can","steal","from","the","body","becomes","the","limiting","factor","for","growth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So the tumor cells trick the body to build new blood vessels directly to the tumor to feed the thing killing it.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":111,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","the","tumor","cells","trick","the","body","to","build","new","blood","vessels","directly","to","the","tumor","to","feed","the","thing","killing","it","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"And here, the nature of cancer cells may become their own undoing.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","here",",","the","nature","of","cancer","cells","may","become","their","own","undoing","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Cancer cells are inherently unstable, and so they can continue to mutate, some of them faster than their buddies.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":112,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Cancer","cells","are","inherently","unstable",",","and","so","they","can","continue","to","mutate",",","some","of","them","faster","than","their","buddies","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If they do this for a while, at some point, one of the copies of the copies of the original cancer cell might suddenly think of itself as an individual again and stop cooperating.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":103,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":23,"token_start":12},{"end":109,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":104,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":127,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":119,"token_end":27,"token_start":26},{"end":134,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":128,"token_end":28,"token_start":28},{"end":151,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":135,"token_end":31,"token_start":29},{"end":157,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":152,"token_end":32,"token_start":32},{"end":178,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":162,"token_end":35,"token_start":34}],"tokens":["If","they","do","this","for","a","while",",","at","some","point",",","one","of","the","copies","of","the","copies","of","the","original","cancer","cell","might","suddenly","think","of","itself","as","an","individual","again","and","stop","cooperating","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,31,32,5,33,34,34,13,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"So the newly mutated cells can create a hypertumor.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","the","newly","mutated","cells","can","create","a","hypertumor","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Instead of helping, they cut off the blood supply to their former buddies, which will starve and kill the original cancer cells.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Instead","of","helping",",","they","cut","off","the","blood","supply","to","their","former","buddies",",","which","will","starve","and","kill","the","original","cancer","cells","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Cancer is killing cancer.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Cancer","is","killing","cancer","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,0]}
{"text":"This process can repeat over and over.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","process","can","repeat","over","and","over","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And this may prevent cancer from becoming a problem for a large organism.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","this","may","prevent","cancer","from","becoming","a","problem","for","a","large","organism","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It is possible that large animals have more of these hypertumors than we realize.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","is","possible","that","large","animals","have","more","of","these","hypertumors","than","we","realize","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"They might just not become big enough to notice.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["They","might","just","not","become","big","enough","to","notice","."],"tags":[1,15,13,37,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A 2-gram tumor is 10% of a mouse's body weight, while it's less than 0.002% of a human, and 0.000002% of a blue whale.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":32,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["A","2","-","gram","tumor","is","10","%","of","a","mouse","'s","body","weight",",","while","it","'s","less","than","0.002","%","of","a","human",",","and","0.000002","%","of","a","blue","whale","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All three tumors require the same number of cell divisions and have the same number of cells.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["All","three","tumors","require","the","same","number","of","cell","divisions","and","have","the","same","number","of","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So an old blue whale might be filled with tiny cancers and just not care.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":72,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","an","old","blue","whale","might","be","filled","with","tiny","cancers","and","just","not","care","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There are other proposed solutions to Pitot's paradox, such as different metabolic rates or different cellular architecture.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":123,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","other","proposed","solutions","to","Pitot","'s","paradox",",","such","as","different","metabolic","rates","or","different","cellular","architecture","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But right now, we just don't know.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","right","now",",","we","just","do","n't","know","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,13,15,37,19,0]}
{"text":"Scientists are working on the problem.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Scientists","are","working","on","the","problem","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Figuring out how large animals are so resilient to one of the most deadly diseases we know could open the path to new therapies and treatments.","spans":[{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":96,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":91,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":101,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":97,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":142,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":25,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Figuring","out","how","large","animals","are","so","resilient","to","one","of","the","most","deadly","diseases","we","know","could","open","the","path","to","new","therapies","and","treatments","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Cancer has always been a challenge.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Cancer","has","always","been","a","challenge","."],"tags":[1,15,13,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Today, we are finally beginning to understand it, and by doing so, one day, we might finally overcome it.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Today",",","we","are","finally","beginning","to","understand","it",",","and","by","doing","so",",","one","day",",","we","might","finally","overcome","it","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,13,27,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This video was sponsored by you.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","video","was","sponsored","by","you","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If you want to help us make more, you can do so by supporting us on Patreon or getting one of the beautiful things we've made, like our Space Explorer notebook,","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":158,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":33,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","help","us","make","more",",","you","can","do","so","by","supporting","us","on","Patreon","or","getting","one","of","the","beautiful","things","we","'ve","made",",","like","our","Space","Explorer","notebook",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We put a lot of time and love into our merch, because just like with our videos, we only want to put things into the world that we feel good about.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":32,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","put","a","lot","of","time","and","love","into","our","merch",",","because","just","like","with","our","videos",",","we","only","want","to","put","things","into","the","world","that","we","feel","good","about","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Kurzgesagt is a project that, by rights, shouldn't really work.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Kurzgesagt","is","a","project","that",",","by","rights",",","should","n't","really","work","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Videos like the one you just watched take months to finish, and we're only able to put in so much time","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Videos","like","the","one","you","just","watched","take","months","to","finish",",","and","we","'re","only","able","to","put","in","so","much","time"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,33,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42]}
{"text":"Thank you for watching.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","for","watching","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Here in the Kurzgesagt labs, we test very important ideas to see what happens when you blow things up or play with black holes.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Here","in","the","Kurzgesagt","labs",",","we","test","very","important","ideas","to","see","what","happens","when","you","blow","things","up","or","play","with","black","holes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Many of you suggested that we look into an idea that sounds reasonable.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Many","of","you","suggested","that","we","look","into","an","idea","that","sounds","reasonable","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's one of those concepts that seems like an easy fix for one of the main problems with a nuclear energy.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","one","of","those","concepts","that","seems","like","an","easy","fix","for","one","of","the","main","problems","with","a","nuclear","energy","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But it turns out this idea is not just bad, but horribly bad, and it gets worse the longer you think about it.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":13,"token_start":4},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":24,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","it","turns","out","this","idea","is","not","just","bad",",","but","horribly","bad",",","and","it","gets","worse","the","longer","you","think","about","it","."],"tags":[0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"What is nuclear waste?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","is","nuclear","waste","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Nuclear waste is a fuzzy term and comes in categories which vary from country to country, but in general there are three broad levels.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":15,"token_start":7},{"end":133,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":94,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Nuclear","waste","is","a","fuzzy","term","and","comes","in","categories","which","vary","from","country","to","country",",","but","in","general","there","are","three","broad","levels","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"90% is low-level nuclear waste, tools, gloves or trash used at a nuclear facility that could be weakly contaminated with some short-lived radioactivity.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":150,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":29,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["90","%","is","low","-","level","nuclear","waste",",","tools",",","gloves","or","trash","used","at","a","nuclear","facility","that","could","be","weakly","contaminated","with","some","short","-","lived","radioactivity","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This stuff is generally safe for normal disposal.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","stuff","is","generally","safe","for","normal","disposal","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"7% is intermediate level nuclear waste, mostly materials that have been in close proximity to a reactor core long enough to become dangerously radioactive.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":153,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["7","%","is","intermediate","level","nuclear","waste",",","mostly","materials","that","have","been","in","close","proximity","to","a","reactor","core","long","enough","to","become","dangerously","radioactive","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"With proper handling, it's either safely buried or melted down and mixed into glass or concrete and stored deep underground.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["With","proper","handling",",","it","'s","either","safely","buried","or","melted","down","and","mixed","into","glass","or","concrete","and","stored","deep","underground","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,0,13,29,0,41,42,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So 97% of nuclear waste is similar to toxic byproducts from other industries.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","97","%","of","nuclear","waste","is","similar","to","toxic","byproducts","from","other","industries","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We can handle it.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","can","handle","it","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"The remaining 3% is where our problems begin.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","remaining","3","%","is","where","our","problems","begin","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"High-level nuclear waste is very concentrated spent fuel taken out of a reactor core.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["High","-","level","nuclear","waste","is","very","concentrated","spent","fuel","taken","out","of","a","reactor","core","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Formerly uranium, it's now made of various dangerous and often highly radioactive elements.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":90,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":32,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Formerly","uranium",",","it","'s","now","made","of","various","dangerous","and","often","highly","radioactive","elements","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,15,13,29,35,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,0]}
{"text":"As a bonus, it's also incredibly hot and not easy to handle at all.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["As","a","bonus",",","it","'s","also","incredibly","hot","and","not","easy","to","handle","at","all","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This is what we want to shoot into space.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","what","we","want","to","shoot","into","space","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"All in all, around 140 active nuclear reactors create about 11,000 tons of high-level nuclear waste each year.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":18,"token_start":10},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":20,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["All","in","all",",","around","140","active","nuclear","reactors","create","about","11,000","tons","of","high","-","level","nuclear","waste","each","year","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Since 1954, we've accumulated 400,000 tons of dangerous radioactive waste.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Since","1954",",","we","'ve","accumulated","400,000","tons","of","dangerous","radioactive","waste","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Most countries are dealing with it by not dealing with it and kicking the can towards the future.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Most","countries","are","dealing","with","it","by","not","dealing","with","it","and","kicking","the","can","towards","the","future","."],"tags":[1,2,15,31,32,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Great, so let's launch it into space.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Great",",","so","let","'s","launch","it","into","space","."],"tags":[0,0,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"According to scientists, space is big and nobody lives there, so it seems perfect for yeeting away this mess.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["According","to","scientists",",","space","is","big","and","nobody","lives","there",",","so","it","seems","perfect","for","yeeting","away","this","mess","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,0,41,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There are a few tiny problems though.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["There","are","a","few","tiny","problems","though","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,13,0]}
{"text":"Problem one, stuff ain't cheap.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Problem","one",",","stuff","ai","n't","cheap","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"Even though spaceflight is getting more affordable, it's still extremely expensive.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Even","though","spaceflight","is","getting","more","affordable",",","it","'s","still","extremely","expensive","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Just to get something into low Earth orbit costs on average about $4,000 per kilogram.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Just","to","get","something","into","low","Earth","orbit","costs","on","average","about","$","4,000","per","kilogram","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Putting that into perspective, it costs about $1,600 to mine, separate, and fabricate one kilogram of nuclear fuel.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":114,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":21,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Putting","that","into","perspective",",","it","costs","about","$","1,600","to","mine",",","separate",",","and","fabricate","one","kilogram","of","nuclear","fuel","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"So launching waste into space has suddenly made nuclear fuel for reactors way more expensive and greatly increased the cost of the electricity they produce.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":92,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":155,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":97,"token_end":24,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So","launching","waste","into","space","has","suddenly","made","nuclear","fuel","for","reactors","way","more","expensive","and","greatly","increased","the","cost","of","the","electricity","they","produce","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,33,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To launch one reactor's worth of nuclear waste would cost at least $100 million per year.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["To","launch","one","reactor","'s","worth","of","nuclear","waste","would","cost","at","least","$","100","million","per","year","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"To deal with all the 440 operational nuclear power plants high-level nuclear waste would cost some $44 billion per year for space launch","spans":[{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":83,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":93,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":89,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":20,"token_start":17},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":111,"token_end":22,"token_start":21},{"end":136,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":120,"token_end":25,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["To","deal","with","all","the","440","operational","nuclear","power","plants","high","-","level","nuclear","waste","would","cost","some","$","44","billion","per","year","for","space","launch"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,13,14,14]}
{"text":"Okay, let's pretend we don't care.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Okay",",","let","'s","pretend","we","do","n't","care","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Currently, we couldn't shoot all the nuclear waste into space even if we wanted to.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Currently",",","we","could","n't","shoot","all","the","nuclear","waste","into","space","even","if","we","wanted","to","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There just aren't enough rockets.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["There","just","are","n't","enough","rockets","."],"tags":[3,13,21,37,1,2,0]}
{"text":"In 2021, we saw a record 135 launches into space.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","2021",",","we","saw","a","record","135","launches","into","space","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If we repurposed each of those rockets and filled them all with nuclear waste, the total amount that could be lifted into a low Earth orbit,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":139,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":26,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","we","repurposed","each","of","those","rockets","and","filled","them","all","with","nuclear","waste",",","the","total","amount","that","could","be","lifted","into","a","low","Earth","orbit",","],"tags":[0,1,23,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We'd need at least 14 times more rockets to handle just today's nuclear waste, let alone get rid of the hundreds of thousands of tons in temporary storage.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":30,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","'d","need","at","least","14","times","more","rockets","to","handle","just","today","'s","nuclear","waste",",","let","alone","get","rid","of","the","hundreds","of","thousands","of","tons","in","temporary","storage","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We would need to create entire new space industries to keep up with the demand for giant toxic space trash trucks, and it gets worse.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":20,"token_start":9},{"end":132,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":119,"token_end":25,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["We","would","need","to","create","entire","new","space","industries","to","keep","up","with","the","demand","for","giant","toxic","space","trash","trucks",",","and","it","gets","worse","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Problem 2, space is hard.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Problem","2",",","space","is","hard","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"We only made the calculation for low Earth orbit where we send most of our rockets and satellites.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","only","made","the","calculation","for","low","Earth","orbit","where","we","send","most","of","our","rockets","and","satellites","."],"tags":[1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Littering the space around Earth with thousands of casks of spent nuclear fuel would be a nightmare for space junk management and satellite collision avoidance.","spans":[{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":86,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":158,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":24,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Littering","the","space","around","Earth","with","thousands","of","casks","of","spent","nuclear","fuel","would","be","a","nightmare","for","space","junk","management","and","satellite","collision","avoidance","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Worse still, at this altitude, there's still a little bit of atmosphere causing a tiny bit of drag,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Worse","still",",","at","this","altitude",",","there","'s","still","a","little","bit","of","atmosphere","causing","a","tiny","bit","of","drag",","],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,0,3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"so we might have nuclear waste raining down from space within just a few years.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["so","we","might","have","nuclear","waste","raining","down","from","space","within","just","a","few","years","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Experts would call this a huge problem.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Experts","would","call","this","a","huge","problem","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Clearly, we have to launch our waste further.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Clearly",",","we","have","to","launch","our","waste","further","."],"tags":[13,0,1,17,18,19,5,6,13,0]}
{"text":"If we wanted to send it to perhaps the moon, we either need way more rockets, or we need to build much bigger ones, making it even more expensive.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":145,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":31,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","we","wanted","to","send","it","to","perhaps","the","moon",",","we","either","need","way","more","rockets",",","or","we","need","to","build","much","bigger","ones",",","making","it","even","more","expensive","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,0,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A single Saturn V, the rocket used by the Apollo program, which cost around 1.5 billion adjusted for inflation per launch, could get about 43.5 tons from the Earth to the moon.","spans":[{"end":121,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":22,"token_start":0},{"end":128,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":123,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":132,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":129,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":148,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":133,"token_end":28,"token_start":26},{"end":163,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":149,"token_end":31,"token_start":29},{"end":175,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":164,"token_end":34,"token_start":32}],"tokens":["A","single","Saturn","V",",","the","rocket","used","by","the","Apollo","program",",","which","cost","around","1.5","billion","adjusted","for","inflation","per","launch",",","could","get","about","43.5","tons","from","the","Earth","to","the","moon","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So we'd need about 260 Saturn V rocket launches every year, and of course, using the moon as target practice for nuclear waste tipped rockets kind of makes a huge mess.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":167,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":33,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["So","we","'d","need","about","260","Saturn","V","rocket","launches","every","year",",","and","of","course",",","using","the","moon","as","target","practice","for","nuclear","waste","tipped","rockets","kind","of","makes","a","huge","mess","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Space is empty.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Space","is","empty","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Do we really need a target?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Do","we","really","need","a","target","?"],"tags":[15,1,13,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Shooting waste in any random direction is, you guessed it, also a bad idea.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Shooting","waste","in","any","random","direction","is",",","you","guessed","it",",","also","a","bad","idea","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,0,0,0,0,0,0,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Orbits are loops, which means they have a tendency to come back to where they started.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Orbits","are","loops",",","which","means","they","have","a","tendency","to","come","back","to","where","they","started","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Put enough in the sky in random directions, and you'll get one back eventually.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Put","enough","in","the","sky","in","random","directions",",","and","you","'ll","get","one","back","eventually","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So we'd want to launch our nuclear waste deep into space, which means we need even bigger rockets that would be even more expensive.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","we","'d","want","to","launch","our","nuclear","waste","deep","into","space",",","which","means","we","need","even","bigger","rockets","that","would","be","even","more","expensive","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Not that we would be completely safe then.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Not","that","we","would","be","completely","safe","then","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,21,11,12,13,0]}
{"text":"Earth might run into these interplanetary caskets at some time in the far future, and experience a pretty meteor shower made from radioactive dust.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":146,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":86,"token_end":24,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Earth","might","run","into","these","interplanetary","caskets","at","some","time","in","the","far","future",",","and","experience","a","pretty","meteor","shower","made","from","radioactive","dust","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Ironically, the Sun is pretty hard to hit.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Ironically",",","the","Sun","is","pretty","hard","to","hit","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While the Sun has very strong gravity, everything on Earth is moving with respect to the Sun,","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["While","the","Sun","has","very","strong","gravity",",","everything","on","Earth","is","moving","with","respect","to","the","Sun",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Because of this, it's actually easier to launch a rocket entirely out of the solar system than it is to launch it into the Sun.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":89,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":17,"token_start":8},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":26,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Because","of","this",",","it","'s","actually","easier","to","launch","a","rocket","entirely","out","of","the","solar","system","than","it","is","to","launch","it","into","the","Sun","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,21,13,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But to do either of these things, we need even bigger rockets, probably the biggest we've ever built.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","to","do","either","of","these","things",",","we","need","even","bigger","rockets",",","probably","the","biggest","we","'ve","ever","built","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Hmm, nothing works.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Hmm",",","nothing","works","."],"tags":[0,0,1,25,0]}
{"text":"The thing is, it gets even worse.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","thing","is",",","it","gets","even","worse","."],"tags":[1,2,21,0,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Problem 3, rockets go brrrr.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Problem","3",",","rockets","go","brrrr","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Rocket engineering has taken huge steps since the Apollo era.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Rocket","engineering","has","taken","huge","steps","since","the","Apollo","era","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We've made them relatively safe.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","'ve","made","them","relatively","safe","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"We've mostly replaced the toxic explosive cancer fuels of the past decade with much saner mixes of liquid oxygen and hydrogen or kerosene.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":4},{"end":136,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["We","'ve","mostly","replaced","the","toxic","explosive","cancer","fuels","of","the","past","decade","with","much","saner","mixes","of","liquid","oxygen","and","hydrogen","or","kerosene","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The newest designs even land themselves so that they can be reused.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","newest","designs","even","land","themselves","so","that","they","can","be","reused","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And yet, out of the 146 launches in 2021, there were 11 failures,","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","out","of","the","146","launches","in","2021",",","there","were","11","failures",","],"tags":[0,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Each failure would be at least equivalent to a miniature nobble, but instead of being contained under a slab of concrete, spread throughout the atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":154,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":26,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Each","failure","would","be","at","least","equivalent","to","a","miniature","nobble",",","but","instead","of","being","contained","under","a","slab","of","concrete",",","spread","throughout","the","atmosphere","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Radioactive particles could make their way to faraway places by riding on the winds.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Radioactive","particles","could","make","their","way","to","faraway","places","by","riding","on","the","winds","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Most would fall into the ocean, but some would land on the inhabited parts of the world.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Most","would","fall","into","the","ocean",",","but","some","would","land","on","the","inhabited","parts","of","the","world","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They could cover farmlands and get concentrated into our food or enter our water supply, which is, well, bad.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["They","could","cover","farmlands","and","get","concentrated","into","our","food","or","enter","our","water","supply",",","which","is",",","well",",","bad","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Imagine regular large-scale nuclear disasters happening.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Imagine","regular","large","-","scale","nuclear","disasters","happening","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,33,0]}
{"text":"People wouldn't be happy.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["People","would","n't","be","happy","."],"tags":[1,15,37,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Nuclear waste is scary, but the fear of it and horrible ideas like shooting it into space reveals how bad we are at understanding risk,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":134,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":25,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Nuclear","waste","is","scary",",","but","the","fear","of","it","and","horrible","ideas","like","shooting","it","into","space","reveals","how","bad","we","are","at","understanding","risk",","],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"because the largest amounts of radioactive elements like uranium and radon are actually released by coal.","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":96,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":88,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["because","the","largest","amounts","of","radioactive","elements","like","uranium","and","radon","are","actually","released","by","coal","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Burning millions of tons of coal each year leaves ash as a waste product that includes about 36,000 tons of radioactive materials.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":72,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Burning","millions","of","tons","of","coal","each","year","leaves","ash","as","a","waste","product","that","includes","about","36,000","tons","of","radioactive","materials","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,33,34,34,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Some of this ash is caught by filters, but most is simply pushed back into leaky mines, shoved into piles exposed to the wind,","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":125,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":25,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Some","of","this","ash","is","caught","by","filters",",","but","most","is","simply","pushed","back","into","leaky","mines",",","shoved","into","piles","exposed","to","the","wind",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Living within 1.6 kilometers of an ash pile increases your cancer risk up to 2,000 times over the acceptable limit.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Living","within","1.6","kilometers","of","an","ash","pile","increases","your","cancer","risk","up","to","2,000","times","over","the","acceptable","limit","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And this is on top of other toxic chemicals like heavy metals and, of course, their massive CO2 emissions.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","this","is","on","top","of","other","toxic","chemicals","like","heavy","metals","and",",","of","course",",","their","massive","CO2","emissions","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And yet, while nuclear energy is flawed and its current form may only be a transitory technology, nuclear power plants are a harder sell than coal.","spans":[{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":117,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":21,"token_start":19},{"end":121,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":119,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":145,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":123,"token_end":27,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","while","nuclear","energy","is","flawed","and","its","current","form","may","only","be","a","transitory","technology",",","nuclear","power","plants","are","a","harder","sell","than","coal","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Nuclear waste and the lack of willingness to deal with it are a real issue.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Nuclear","waste","and","the","lack","of","willingness","to","deal","with","it","are","a","real","issue","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's not insurmountable, though.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","insurmountable",",","though","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,0,13,0]}
{"text":"There are good methods to handle it, like burying it deep underground or reprocessing some of it into new fuel.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":110,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","good","methods","to","handle","it",",","like","burying","it","deep","underground","or","reprocessing","some","of","it","into","new","fuel","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But however we ultimately deal with this issue, we hope one thing is clear.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","however","we","ultimately","deal","with","this","issue",",","we","hope","one","thing","is","clear","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Shooting nuclear waste into space is one of the worst ideas ever.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Shooting","nuclear","waste","into","space","is","one","of","the","worst","ideas","ever","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Researching this crazy thing, conducting all of these important tests, and of course, creating this video, took us around 2,000 hours, which is insane for a YouTube video.","spans":[{"end":105,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":18,"token_start":0},{"end":111,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":107,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":114,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":170,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":115,"token_end":32,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Researching","this","crazy","thing",",","conducting","all","of","these","important","tests",",","and","of","course",",","creating","this","video",",","took","us","around","2,000","hours",",","which","is","insane","for","a","YouTube","video","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,23,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"And we couldn't do it without you.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","we","could","n't","do","it","without","you","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If you like what you just saw, you can continue your science journey with one of our products.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","like","what","you","just","saw",",","you","can","continue","your","science","journey","with","one","of","our","products","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They're true pieces of Kurzgesagt you can take home and touch.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","'re","true","pieces","of","Kurzgesagt","you","can","take","home","and","touch","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And they're the best way to support this channel, like our limited edition human earache calendar that will bring you a whole year of joy.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":137,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":26,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","they","'re","the","best","way","to","support","this","channel",",","like","our","limited","edition","human","earache","calendar","that","will","bring","you","a","whole","year","of","joy","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Learn more about the world with our carefully researched infographic posters,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Learn","more","about","the","world","with","our","carefully","researched","infographic","posters",","],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"get our habit and gratitude journals to improve your life with science, or update your wardrobe with our new hoodie additions.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":125,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["get","our","habit","and","gratitude","journals","to","improve","your","life","with","science",",","or","update","your","wardrobe","with","our","new","hoodie","additions","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If your room is in need of a literal glow-up, get one of these posters.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","your","room","is","in","need","of","a","literal","glow","-","up",",","get","one","of","these","posters","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We've also got notebooks, plushies, mugs, and more.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","'ve","also","got","notebooks",",","plushies",",","mugs",",","and","more","."],"tags":[1,15,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And if you sign up to our newsletter, we'll keep you up to date on everything happening in the Kurzgesagt universe.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":114,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["And","if","you","sign","up","to","our","newsletter",",","we","'ll","keep","you","up","to","date","on","everything","happening","in","the","Kurzgesagt","universe","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so, so much for your support.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so",",","so","much","for","your","support","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We are prisoners on Earth.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","are","prisoners","on","Earth","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The universe taunts us by showing us all the places we can't ever visit.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","universe","taunts","us","by","showing","us","all","the","places","we","ca","n't","ever","visit","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"However, if our species wants to have a long-term future, we have to escape our prison.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":67,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":69,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":19,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["However",",","if","our","species","wants","to","have","a","long","-","term","future",",","we","have","to","escape","our","prison","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"But what's keeping us here in the first place?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","what","'s","keeping","us","here","in","the","first","place","?"],"tags":[0,1,15,27,5,33,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Everything with mass in the universe attracts every other thing with mass.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Everything","with","mass","in","the","universe","attracts","every","other","thing","with","mass","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We call this phenomenon gravity.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","call","this","phenomenon","gravity","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,33,0]}
{"text":"The closer you are to a big chunk of mass, the stronger the attraction or the more you're pulled in.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":86,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":96,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":90,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":99,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":97,"token_end":21,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["The","closer","you","are","to","a","big","chunk","of","mass",",","the","stronger","the","attraction","or","the","more","you","'re","pulled","in","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,13,14,1,15,29,35,0]}
{"text":"This effect traps us on Earth.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","effect","traps","us","on","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"We can imagine this as being prisoners in a gravity prison or a gravity well.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":76,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","can","imagine","this","as","being","prisoners","in","a","gravity","prison","or","a","gravity","well","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"It's not a literal well, but a handy concept to understand how this works.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","a","literal","well",",","but","a","handy","concept","to","understand","how","this","works","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Being in a gravity prison means that you owe gravity energy.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Being","in","a","gravity","prison","means","that","you","owe","gravity","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But how can you owe energy?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","how","can","you","owe","energy","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Because in our universe, things don't want to change their speed or direction.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Because","in","our","universe",",","things","do","n't","want","to","change","their","speed","or","direction","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To convince them to move, you have to expend energy.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["To","convince","them","to","move",",","you","have","to","expend","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Billions of years ago, the gravitational attraction of trillions of trillions of dust particles orbiting our sun pulled them together until they formed a planet.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":111,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":17,"token_start":5},{"end":118,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":113,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":123,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":120,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":125,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":159,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":134,"token_end":25,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Billions","of","years","ago",",","the","gravitational","attraction","of","trillions","of","trillions","of","dust","particles","orbiting","our","sun","pulled","them","together","until","they","formed","a","planet","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,13,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This process used energy and created the gravity well we're now a part of.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","process","used","energy","and","created","the","gravity","well","we","'re","now","a","part","of","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The deeper you are inside a gravity well, the more energy you owe gravity.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","deeper","you","are","inside","a","gravity","well",",","the","more","energy","you","owe","gravity","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,7,8,8,1,19,9,0]}
{"text":"If you don't find a way to get enough energy, you're not able to leave, no matter what you do.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":52,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":56,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":64,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":65,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":23,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","you","do","n't","find","a","way","to","get","enough","energy",",","you","'re","not","able","to","leave",",","no","matter","what","you","do","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,37,17,18,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Because your atoms were once part of the dust that the universe expended energy on to get to this place.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":103,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Because","your","atoms","were","once","part","of","the","dust","that","the","universe","expended","energy","on","to","get","to","this","place","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Okay, hmm, let's summarize all of that again.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Okay",",","hmm",",","let","'s","summarize","all","of","that","again","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Objects in the universe don't like to move.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Objects","in","the","universe","do","n't","like","to","move","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"You have to convince them to do so with energy.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["You","have","to","convince","them","to","do","so","with","energy","."],"tags":[1,17,18,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Gravity used energy to convince the parts that make up our planet to move together.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Gravity","used","energy","to","convince","the","parts","that","make","up","our","planet","to","move","together","."],"tags":[1,23,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This created a gravity prison in the process, trapping us.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","created","a","gravity","prison","in","the","process",",","trapping","us","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,0,13,14,0]}
{"text":"To escape it, we need to repay it with energy.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["To","escape","it",",","we","need","to","repay","it","with","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Okay, how do we do that?","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Okay",",","how","do","we","do","that","?"],"tags":[0,0,13,15,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"To get into space, we need to go through a complicated process of exchanging energy.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["To","get","into","space",",","we","need","to","go","through","a","complicated","process","of","exchanging","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For this purpose, we build negative potential energy repaying machines, known by their more boring name, rockets.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["For","this","purpose",",","we","build","negative","potential","energy","repaying","machines",",","known","by","their","more","boring","name",",","rockets","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Rockets work by using some of the most energetic chemical reactions humans know about to basically explode fuel in a controlled way.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Rockets","work","by","using","some","of","the","most","energetic","chemical","reactions","humans","know","about","to","basically","explode","fuel","in","a","controlled","way","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This converts chemical energy into kinetic energy.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","converts","chemical","energy","into","kinetic","energy","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The exhaust of the reaction is directed outwards and pushes the rocket away from Earth.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","exhaust","of","the","reaction","is","directed","outwards","and","pushes","the","rocket","away","from","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"By expending a lot of energy, we are increasing our gravitational potential energy, which is a complicated way to say that we're paying back our energy debt to gravity.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["By","expending","a","lot","of","energy",",","we","are","increasing","our","gravitational","potential","energy",",","which","is","a","complicated","way","to","say","that","we","'re","paying","back","our","energy","debt","to","gravity","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But it's actually a lot trickier than that.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","actually","a","lot","trickier","than","that","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"When you burn fuel to get into orbit, you lose lots of energy to heat, the exhaust, and atmospheric drag, so you actually need much more.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["When","you","burn","fuel","to","get","into","orbit",",","you","lose","lots","of","energy","to","heat",",","the","exhaust",",","and","atmospheric","drag",",","so","you","actually","need","much","more","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And you can't just pile a huge amount of really explosive, dangerous fuel close to your payload and detonate it.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":14,"token_start":6},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":18,"token_start":15},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":100,"token_end":21,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["And","you","ca","n't","just","pile","a","huge","amount","of","really","explosive",",","dangerous","fuel","close","to","your","payload","and","detonate","it","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"You need a controlled burn, which is complicated and makes your rocket very heavy, which means it has more mass.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","need","a","controlled","burn",",","which","is","complicated","and","makes","your","rocket","very","heavy",",","which","means","it","has","more","mass","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The more mass something has, the more energy you need to convince it to move.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","more","mass","something","has",",","the","more","energy","you","need","to","convince","it","to","move","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,5,6,6,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So you need more fuel to lift up your rocket.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","you","need","more","fuel","to","lift","up","your","rocket","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But if you need more fuel, that means you need more rocket to carry that fuel.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","if","you","need","more","fuel",",","that","means","you","need","more","rocket","to","carry","that","fuel","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But this makes your rocket heavier, thus requiring more fuel, which requires more rocket to carry that new fuel, and so on.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","this","makes","your","rocket","heavier",",","thus","requiring","more","fuel",",","which","requires","more","rocket","to","carry","that","new","fuel",",","and","so","on","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,33,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At the end of this madness, you need closer to a hundred times the weight of your payload to launch.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":18,"token_start":9},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":20,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["At","the","end","of","this","madness",",","you","need","closer","to","a","hundred","times","the","weight","of","your","payload","to","launch","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Ariane 6, for example, the European rocket, will weigh 800 tons and should be able to transport 10 tons into geostationary transfer orbit or 20 tons into medium Earth orbit.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":172,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":32,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Ariane","6",",","for","example",",","the","European","rocket",",","will","weigh","800","tons","and","should","be","able","to","transport","10","tons","into","geostationary","transfer","orbit","or","20","tons","into","medium","Earth","orbit","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But a rocket can only produce so much thrust, so there's a maximum weight after which it just won't take off.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","a","rocket","can","only","produce","so","much","thrust",",","so","there","'s","a","maximum","weight","after","which","it","just","wo","n't","take","off","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you add too much weight, it won't lift off, so you can't just build bigger and bigger fuel tanks.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":36,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":45,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","add","too","much","weight",",","it","wo","n't","lift","off",",","so","you","ca","n't","just","build","bigger","and","bigger","fuel","tanks","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,35,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is the tyranny of the rocket equation, and it means spaceflight will never become easy.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["This","is","the","tyranny","of","the","rocket","equation",",","and","it","means","spaceflight","will","never","become","easy","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But wait, it gets worse.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","wait",",","it","gets","worse","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Getting to space is still not good enough.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Getting","to","space","is","still","not","good","enough","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,13,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"You're still inside the gravity prison at the edge of space and will crash back to Earth.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["You","'re","still","inside","the","gravity","prison","at","the","edge","of","space","and","will","crash","back","to","Earth","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Staying in space is much harder than getting there.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Staying","in","space","is","much","harder","than","getting","there","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"To get to a stable position where it can stay for a while, a rocket has to reach low Earth orbit.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":73,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":75,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":21,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["To","get","to","a","stable","position","where","it","can","stay","for","a","while",",","a","rocket","has","to","reach","low","Earth","orbit","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,17,18,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To do this, you need a lot of kinetic energy, which means going extremely fast.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["To","do","this",",","you","need","a","lot","of","kinetic","energy",",","which","means","going","extremely","fast","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"At an altitude of about 100 kilometers, this is 8 kilometers per second, 28,000 kilometers per hour.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["At","an","altitude","of","about","100","kilometers",",","this","is","8","kilometers","per","second",",","28,000","kilometers","per","hour","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Here, we can use a trick.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Here",",","we","can","use","a","trick","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Instead of flying straight up, we can go sideways.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Instead","of","flying","straight","up",",","we","can","go","sideways","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,0]}
{"text":"Earth is a sphere, so if you're going sideways fast enough, even though you're falling towards Earth, the ground will curve away beneath you.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":140,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":28,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Earth","is","a","sphere",",","so","if","you","'re","going","sideways","fast","enough",",","even","though","you","'re","falling","towards","Earth",",","the","ground","will","curve","away","beneath","you","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So as long as you're above the atmosphere, about 100 kilometers up, you'll be able to stay up there in orbit.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":13,"token_start":1},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":85,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":19,"token_start":17},{"end":93,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":21,"token_start":20},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":24,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["So","as","long","as","you","'re","above","the","atmosphere",",","about","100","kilometers","up",",","you","'ll","be","able","to","stay","up","there","in","orbit","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,17,18,18,31,32,13,13,14,0]}
{"text":"This is what the ISS does, falling around Earth, expending energy from time to time to stay fast enough.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":102,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","what","the","ISS","does",",","falling","around","Earth",",","expending","energy","from","time","to","time","to","stay","fast","enough","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If we look at orbits in scale, we see that near-Earth orbit is laughably close to Earth.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["If","we","look","at","orbits","in","scale",",","we","see","that","near","-","Earth","orbit","is","laughably","close","to","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To deploy, for example, satellites or leave for other planets requires another round of energy debt repayment.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["To","deploy",",","for","example",",","satellites","or","leave","for","other","planets","requires","another","round","of","energy","debt","repayment","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Getting to orbit is the most difficult part of spaceflight for us right now.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Getting","to","orbit","is","the","most","difficult","part","of","spaceflight","for","us","right","now","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"For example, if we want to send a rocket to Mars, half the energy is necessary just to get into orbit, and the other half for the 55 million kilometers to Mars.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":22,"token_start":17},{"end":159,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":107,"token_end":34,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["For","example",",","if","we","want","to","send","a","rocket","to","Mars",",","half","the","energy","is","necessary","just","to","get","into","orbit",",","and","the","other","half","for","the","55","million","kilometers","to","Mars","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Therefore, to be as effective as possible, rockets aren't built in one giant piece.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Therefore",",","to","be","as","effective","as","possible",",","rockets","are","n't","built","in","one","giant","piece","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Instead, we use multistage rockets.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Instead",",","we","use","multistage","rockets","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"You don't need to carry an empty fuel tank, so rockets drop it.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["You","do","n't","need","to","carry","an","empty","fuel","tank",",","so","rockets","drop","it","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Rockets today shed their boosters and main stage as they ascend, with each successive stage being its own fully contained rocket, complete with its own engine and fuel.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":167,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":29,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Rockets","today","shed","their","boosters","and","main","stage","as","they","ascend",",","with","each","successive","stage","being","its","own","fully","contained","rocket",",","complete","with","its","own","engine","and","fuel","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Okay, so this is why getting to space is hard.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Okay",",","so","this","is","why","getting","to","space","is","hard","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you feel all of this seems really complicated, don't worry.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":54,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","you","feel","all","of","this","seems","really","complicated",",","do","n't","worry","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,15,37,19,0]}
{"text":"It's literally rocket science.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","literally","rocket","science","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"This video was made possible in part by a sponsorship by Airbus Safran Launches and Arianespace, who are getting their new Ariane 6 rocket ready to launch into space in 2020.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":172,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":31,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","video","was","made","possible","in","part","by","a","sponsorship","by","Airbus","Safran","Launches","and","Arianespace",",","who","are","getting","their","new","Ariane","6","rocket","ready","to","launch","into","space","in","2020","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,33,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You can learn more about the rocket here.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["You","can","learn","more","about","the","rocket","here","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,13,0]}
{"text":"And as always, if you like what we do, please consider supporting us on Patreon.com.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["And","as","always",",","if","you","like","what","we","do",",","please","consider","supporting","us","on","Patreon.com","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It really helps us out a lot.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","really","helps","us","out","a","lot","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,35,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If you're craving more space stuff now, here's a playlist for you.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","craving","more","space","stuff","now",",","here","'s","a","playlist","for","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Black holes are one of the strangest things in existence.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Black","holes","are","one","of","the","strangest","things","in","existence","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They don't seem to make any sense at all.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["They","do","n't","seem","to","make","any","sense","at","all","."],"tags":[1,15,37,17,18,19,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Where do they come from?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Where","do","they","come","from","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,31,32,0]}
{"text":"And what happens if you fall into one?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","what","happens","if","you","fall","into","one","?"],"tags":[0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Stars are incredibly massive collections of mostly hydrogen atoms that collapse from enormous gas clouds under their own gravity.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":127,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Stars","are","incredibly","massive","collections","of","mostly","hydrogen","atoms","that","collapse","from","enormous","gas","clouds","under","their","own","gravity","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In their core, nuclear fusion crushes hydrogen atoms into helium, releasing a tremendous amount of energy.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","their","core",",","nuclear","fusion","crushes","hydrogen","atoms","into","helium",",","releasing","a","tremendous","amount","of","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This energy, in the form of radiation, pushes against gravity, maintaining a delicate balance between the two forces.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["This","energy",",","in","the","form","of","radiation",",","pushes","against","gravity",",","maintaining","a","delicate","balance","between","the","two","forces","."],"tags":[1,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,25,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As long as there is fusion in the core, a star remains stable enough.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","long","as","there","is","fusion","in","the","core",",","a","star","remains","stable","enough","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"But for stars with way more mass than our own sun, the heat and pressure at the core allow them to fuse heavier elements until they reach iron.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":18,"token_start":12},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":85,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":142,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":28,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["But","for","stars","with","way","more","mass","than","our","own","sun",",","the","heat","and","pressure","at","the","core","allow","them","to","fuse","heavier","elements","until","they","reach","iron","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Unlike all the elements that went before, the fusion process that creates iron doesn't generate any energy.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":85,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":83,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":94,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":87,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Unlike","all","the","elements","that","went","before",",","the","fusion","process","that","creates","iron","does","n't","generate","any","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Iron builds up at the center of the star until it reaches a critical amount, and the balance between radiation and gravity is suddenly broken.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":141,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Iron","builds","up","at","the","center","of","the","star","until","it","reaches","a","critical","amount",",","and","the","balance","between","radiation","and","gravity","is","suddenly","broken","."],"tags":[1,31,32,31,32,32,32,32,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The core collapses.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["The","core","collapses","."],"tags":[1,2,25,0]}
{"text":"Within a fraction of a second, the star implodes, moving at about a quarter of the speed of light, feeding even more mass into the core.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":134,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":28,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Within","a","fraction","of","a","second",",","the","star","implodes",",","moving","at","about","a","quarter","of","the","speed","of","light",",","feeding","even","more","mass","into","the","core","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's at this very moment that all the heavier elements in the universe are created as the star dies in a supernova explosion.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":124,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","'s","at","this","very","moment","that","all","the","heavier","elements","in","the","universe","are","created","as","the","star","dies","in","a","supernova","explosion","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This produces either a neutron star, or if the star is massive enough, the entire mass of the core collapses into a black hole.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":25,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","produces","either","a","neutron","star",",","or","if","the","star","is","massive","enough",",","the","entire","mass","of","the","core","collapses","into","a","black","hole","."],"tags":[1,25,0,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you looked at a black hole, what you'd really be seeing is the event horizon.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","you","looked","at","a","black","hole",",","what","you","'d","really","be","seeing","is","the","event","horizon","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Anything that crosses the event horizon needs to be traveling faster than the speed of light to escape.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":15,"token_start":7},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Anything","that","crosses","the","event","horizon","needs","to","be","traveling","faster","than","the","speed","of","light","to","escape","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"In other words, it's impossible.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","other","words",",","it","'s","impossible","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"So we just see a black sphere reflecting nothing.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","we","just","see","a","black","sphere","reflecting","nothing","."],"tags":[0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But if the event horizon is the black part, what is the whole part of the black hole?","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","if","the","event","horizon","is","the","black","part",",","what","is","the","whole","part","of","the","black","hole","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We're not sure what it is exactly.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'re","not","sure","what","it","is","exactly","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A singularity may be infinitely dense, meaning all its mass is concentrated into a single point in space with no surface or volume, or something completely different.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":164,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":28,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","singularity","may","be","infinitely","dense",",","meaning","all","its","mass","is","concentrated","into","a","single","point","in","space","with","no","surface","or","volume",",","or","something","completely","different","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Right now, we just don't know.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Right","now",",","we","just","do","n't","know","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,13,15,37,19,0]}
{"text":"It's like a dividing by zero error.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","like","a","dividing","by","zero","error","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"By the way, black holes do not suck things up like a vacuum cleaner.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["By","the","way",",","black","holes","do","not","suck","things","up","like","a","vacuum","cleaner","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,37,19,5,35,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If we were to swap the sun for an equally massive black hole, nothing much would change for Earth, except that we would freeze to death, of course.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":19,"token_start":18},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":30,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","we","were","to","swap","the","sun","for","an","equally","massive","black","hole",",","nothing","much","would","change","for","Earth",",","except","that","we","would","freeze","to","death",",","of","course","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What would happen to you if you fell into a black hole?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["What","would","happen","to","you","if","you","fell","into","a","black","hole","?"],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The experience of time is different around black holes.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","experience","of","time","is","different","around","black","holes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"From the outside, you seem to slow down as you approach the event horizon, so time passes slower for you.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["From","the","outside",",","you","seem","to","slow","down","as","you","approach","the","event","horizon",",","so","time","passes","slower","for","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,17,18,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"At some point, you would appear to freeze in time, slowly turn red, and disappear.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":17,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["At","some","point",",","you","would","appear","to","freeze","in","time",",","slowly","turn","red",",","and","disappear","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,17,18,19,13,14,0,41,42,42,0,0,41,0]}
{"text":"While from your perspective, you can watch the rest of the universe in fast-forward, kind of like seeing into the future.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["While","from","your","perspective",",","you","can","watch","the","rest","of","the","universe","in","fast","-","forward",",","kind","of","like","seeing","into","the","future","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Right now, we don't know what happens next, but we think it could be one of two things.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Right","now",",","we","do","n't","know","what","happens","next",",","but","we","think","it","could","be","one","of","two","things","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A black hole curves space so much, that once you cross the event horizon, there is only one possible direction.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","black","hole","curves","space","so","much",",","that","once","you","cross","the","event","horizon",",","there","is","only","one","possible","direction","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You can take this literally.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","can","take","this","literally","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,0]}
{"text":"Inside the event horizon, you can only go in one direction.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Inside","the","event","horizon",",","you","can","only","go","in","one","direction","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's like being in a really tight alley that closes behind you after each step.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","like","being","in","a","really","tight","alley","that","closes","behind","you","after","each","step","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The mass of a black hole is so concentrated, at some point, even tiny distances of a few centimeters would mean that gravity acts with millions of times more force on different parts of your body.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":194,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":37,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","mass","of","a","black","hole","is","so","concentrated",",","at","some","point",",","even","tiny","distances","of","a","few","centimeters","would","mean","that","gravity","acts","with","millions","of","times","more","force","on","different","parts","of","your","body","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Your cells get torn apart as your body stretches more and more until you're a hot stream of plasma, one atom wide.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":23,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Your","cells","get","torn","apart","as","your","body","stretches","more","and","more","until","you","'re","a","hot","stream","of","plasma",",","one","atom","wide","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Very soon after you cross the event horizon, you would hit a firewall and be terminated in an instant.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Very","soon","after","you","cross","the","event","horizon",",","you","would","hit","a","firewall","and","be","terminated","in","an","instant","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Neither of these options are particularly pleasant.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Neither","of","these","options","are","particularly","pleasant","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"How soon you would die depends on the mass of the black hole.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["How","soon","you","would","die","depends","on","the","mass","of","the","black","hole","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A smaller black hole would kill you before you even entered its event horizon, while you probably could travel inside a supermassive black hole for quite a while.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":160,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":28,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["A","smaller","black","hole","would","kill","you","before","you","even","entered","its","event","horizon",",","while","you","probably","could","travel","inside","a","supermassive","black","hole","for","quite","a","while","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As a rule of thumb, the further away from the singularity you are, the longer you live.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":82,"token_end":18,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["As","a","rule","of","thumb",",","the","further","away","from","the","singularity","you","are",",","the","longer","you","live","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,1,19,0]}
{"text":"Black holes come in different sizes.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Black","holes","come","in","different","sizes","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There are stellar mass black holes, with a few times the mass of the sun and the diameter of an asteroid.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["There","are","stellar","mass","black","holes",",","with","a","few","times","the","mass","of","the","sun","and","the","diameter","of","an","asteroid","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And then there are these supermassive black holes, which are found at the heart of every galaxy and have been feeding for billions of years.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":139,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":25,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","then","there","are","these","supermassive","black","holes",",","which","are","found","at","the","heart","of","every","galaxy","and","have","been","feeding","for","billions","of","years","."],"tags":[0,13,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Currently, the largest supermassive black hole known is S50014+81, 40 billion times the mass of our sun.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Currently",",","the","largest","supermassive","black","hole","known","is","S50014","+","81",",","40","billion","times","the","mass","of","our","sun","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It is 236.7 billion kilometers in diameter, which is 47 times the distance from the sun to Pluto.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","is","236.7","billion","kilometers","in","diameter",",","which","is","47","times","the","distance","from","the","sun","to","Pluto","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"As powerful as black holes are, they will eventually evaporate through a process called Hawking radiation.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","powerful","as","black","holes","are",",","they","will","eventually","evaporate","through","a","process","called","Hawking","radiation","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To understand how this works, we have to look at empty space.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","understand","how","this","works",",","we","have","to","look","at","empty","space","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,31,32,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Empty space is not really empty, but filled with virtual particles popping into existence and annihilating each other again.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":122,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Empty","space","is","not","really","empty",",","but","filled","with","virtual","particles","popping","into","existence","and","annihilating","each","other","again","."],"tags":[1,2,21,37,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"When this happens right on the edge of a black hole, one of the virtual particles will be drawn into the black hole and the other will escape and become a real particle.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":87,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":95,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":90,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":23,"token_start":20},{"end":168,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":120,"token_end":33,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["When","this","happens","right","on","the","edge","of","a","black","hole",",","one","of","the","virtual","particles","will","be","drawn","into","the","black","hole","and","the","other","will","escape","and","become","a","real","particle","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So the black hole is losing energy.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","the","black","hole","is","losing","energy","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,27,5,0]}
{"text":"This happens incredibly slowly at first and gets faster as the black hole becomes smaller.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","happens","incredibly","slowly","at","first","and","gets","faster","as","the","black","hole","becomes","smaller","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"When it arrives at the mass of a large asteroid, it's radiating at room temperature.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["When","it","arrives","at","the","mass","of","a","large","asteroid",",","it","'s","radiating","at","room","temperature","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When it has the mass of a mountain, it radiates with about the heat of our sun,","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["When","it","has","the","mass","of","a","mountain",",","it","radiates","with","about","the","heat","of","our","sun",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"and in the last second of its life, the black hole radiates away with the energy of billions of nuclear bombs in a huge explosion.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":64,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":21,"token_start":14},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":25,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["and","in","the","last","second","of","its","life",",","the","black","hole","radiates","away","with","the","energy","of","billions","of","nuclear","bombs","in","a","huge","explosion","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But this process is incredibly slow.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","this","process","is","incredibly","slow","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The biggest black holes we know might take up to a googol years to evaporate.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","biggest","black","holes","we","know","might","take","up","to","a","googol","years","to","evaporate","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,31,32,13,14,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"This is so long that when the last black hole radiates away, nobody will be around to witness it.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","so","long","that","when","the","last","black","hole","radiates","away",",","nobody","will","be","around","to","witness","it","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The universe will have become uninhabitable long before then.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","universe","will","have","become","uninhabitable","long","before","then","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,21,11,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is not the end of our story.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","not","the","end","of","our","story","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There are loads more interesting ideas about black holes.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","loads","more","interesting","ideas","about","black","holes","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We'll explore them in part 2.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","'ll","explore","them","in","part","2","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"By the way, we've made some Kurzgesagt wallpapers in 4K for different screen sizes.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["By","the","way",",","we","'ve","made","some","Kurzgesagt","wallpapers","in","4","K","for","different","screen","sizes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You can get them on our Patreon page, which also helps us to make more videos.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","can","get","them","on","our","Patreon","page",",","which","also","helps","us","to","make","more","videos","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Every two years, one million Japanese disappear.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Every","two","years",",","one","million","Japanese","disappear","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,19,0]}
{"text":"China's population will halve by the end of the century.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["China","'s","population","will","halve","by","the","end","of","the","century","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The median age in Italy has reached 48.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","median","age","in","Italy","has","reached","48","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,0]}
{"text":"All around the world, birth rates are crashing.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["All","around","the","world",",","birth","rates","are","crashing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,27,0]}
{"text":"Is humanity dying out?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Is","humanity","dying","out","?"],"tags":[15,1,31,32,0]}
{"text":"What's going on?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","'s","going","on","?"],"tags":[1,15,31,32,0]}
{"text":"And how bad is it?","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","how","bad","is","it","?"],"tags":[0,11,12,21,1,0]}
{"text":"For hundreds of thousands of years, the human population barely grew at all, haunted by disease, famine and war, until the Industrial Revolution.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":21,"token_start":15},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":113,"token_end":26,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["For","hundreds","of","thousands","of","years",",","the","human","population","barely","grew","at","all",",","haunted","by","disease",",","famine","and","war",",","until","the","Industrial","Revolution","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,13,23,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Exponential progress led to exponential growth, pushing our numbers to 6 billion in the year 1999, and 8 billion just 24 years later.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":131,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Exponential","progress","led","to","exponential","growth",",","pushing","our","numbers","to","6","billion","in","the","year","1999",",","and","8","billion","just","24","years","later","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And our numbers will continue to rise for at least another 60 years.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","our","numbers","will","continue","to","rise","for","at","least","another","60","years","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But this growth obscures something.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","this","growth","obscures","something","."],"tags":[0,1,2,25,5,0]}
{"text":"People kind of stopped having babies.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["People","kind","of","stopped","having","babies","."],"tags":[1,13,14,23,5,6,0]}
{"text":"For a stable population, every couple needs to have two children on average.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","a","stable","population",",","every","couple","needs","to","have","two","children","on","average","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If the number is higher, it grows.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["If","the","number","is","higher",",","it","grows","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,0]}
{"text":"If lower, it shrinks.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["If","lower",",","it","shrinks","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,25,0]}
{"text":"If it's well below, it shrinks a lot and quickly.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","it","'s","well","below",",","it","shrinks","a","lot","and","quickly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Its fertility rate lay at 0.8 children per woman in 2022, the lowest in the world.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Its","fertility","rate","lay","at","0.8","children","per","woman","in","2022",",","the","lowest","in","the","world","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This means 100 South Koreans of childbearing age today will have 40 kids, who then will have 16 kids, who then will have 6.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":122,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":25,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","100","South","Koreans","of","childbearing","age","today","will","have","40","kids",",","who","then","will","have","16","kids",",","who","then","will","have","6","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If nothing changes, then within 100 years, there will be 94% fewer young people and South Korea will see a population implosion.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":84,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","nothing","changes",",","then","within","100","years",",","there","will","be","94","%","fewer","young","people","and","South","Korea","will","see","a","population","implosion","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,13,14,14,0,3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We have yet to see if there's a bottom to fertility rates.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","have","yet","to","see","if","there","'s","a","bottom","to","fertility","rates","."],"tags":[1,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Although looking at the bigger picture and absolute numbers, this population will not shrink that much.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":84,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":91,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":86,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Although","looking","at","the","bigger","picture","and","absolute","numbers",",","this","population","will","not","shrink","that","much","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,37,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"It simply returns to the level it once was.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","simply","returns","to","the","level","it","once","was","."],"tags":[1,13,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In 1950, there were 20 million South Koreans.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","1950",",","there","were","20","million","South","Koreans","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In 2023, there are 52 million.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","2023",",","there","are","52","million","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"And by 2100, there will be 24 million again.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","by","2100",",","there","will","be","24","million","again","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,3,15,21,1,2,13,0]}
{"text":"But the issue is not that there will be fewer South Koreans.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","the","issue","is","not","that","there","will","be","fewer","South","Koreans","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The issue is the composition of the population.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","issue","is","the","composition","of","the","population","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In 1950, the median age was 18.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","1950",",","the","median","age","was","18","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"In 2023, it's 45.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","2023",",","it","'s","45","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"In 2100, it will be 59.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","2100",",","it","will","be","59","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"And South Korea is far from alone.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","South","Korea","is","far","from","alone","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"China may be seeing the steepest population reversal in history, unstoppable at this point.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["China","may","be","seeing","the","steepest","population","reversal","in","history",",","unstoppable","at","this","point","."],"tags":[1,15,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Rapid industrialization, urbanization and rising incomes meant that the Chinese started to prefer smaller families.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":57,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":114,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Rapid","industrialization",",","urbanization","and","rising","incomes","meant","that","the","Chinese","started","to","prefer","smaller","families","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That, plus the introduction of the one-child policy, which aimed to slow population growth, means that China has had a low fertility rate for decades.","spans":[{"end":90,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":97,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":92,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":149,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":29,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["That",",","plus","the","introduction","of","the","one","-","child","policy",",","which","aimed","to","slow","population","growth",",","means","that","China","has","had","a","low","fertility","rate","for","decades","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"With a fertility rate of 1.16 births per woman, within four generations, 100 young Chinese will turn into 20.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":90,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":95,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":91,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":105,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":19,"token_start":18},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":20,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["With","a","fertility","rate","of","1.16","births","per","woman",",","within","four","generations",",","100","young","Chinese","will","turn","into","20","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,31,32,5,0]}
{"text":"China's fertility rates are now one of the lowest in East Asia, lower than even Japan's.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["China","'s","fertility","rates","are","now","one","of","the","lowest","in","East","Asia",",","lower","than","even","Japan","'s","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In comparison, Europe's depopulation is much slower, despite low fertility, since unlike Asia, most states have had a steady flow of immigrants.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":142,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":26,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","comparison",",","Europe","'s","depopulation","is","much","slower",",","despite","low","fertility",",","since","unlike","Asia",",","most","states","have","had","a","steady","flow","of","immigrants","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The impact is complex, as a good chunk of immigrants come from other low fertility rate areas.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","impact","is","complex",",","as","a","good","chunk","of","immigrants","come","from","other","low","fertility","rate","areas","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The number of immigrant women who do have a lot of children is not yet high enough to make a big dent,","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","number","of","immigrant","women","who","do","have","a","lot","of","children","is","not","yet","high","enough","to","make","a","big","dent",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"and fertility rates of immigrants tend to adjust to the native population within two to three generations.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":105,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["and","fertility","rates","of","immigrants","tend","to","adjust","to","the","native","population","within","two","to","three","generations","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,19,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"In Eastern Europe, the decline has sped up even more because many young people have emigrated to stronger economies,","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","Eastern","Europe",",","the","decline","has","sped","up","even","more","because","many","young","people","have","emigrated","to","stronger","economies",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,31,32,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Latin America fell below replacement in 2015.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Latin","America","fell","below","replacement","in","2015","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"In the US, immigration is the only thing keeping the population growing substantially.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","the","US",",","immigration","is","the","only","thing","keeping","the","population","growing","substantially","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There are still places where fertility rates have not fallen below replacement yet.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","are","still","places","where","fertility","rates","have","not","fallen","below","replacement","yet","."],"tags":[3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In much of the Middle East, North and Sub-Saharan Africa, fertility is still high,","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":69,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":17,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["In","much","of","the","Middle","East",",","North","and","Sub","-","Saharan","Africa",",","fertility","is","still","high",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"But recently, the UN has reduced its forecast for Africa's population drastically.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","recently",",","the","UN","has","reduced","its","forecast","for","Africa","'s","population","drastically","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,0]}
{"text":"For Nigeria, estimates were lowered from 733 million to 546 million by 2100.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["For","Nigeria",",","estimates","were","lowered","from","733","million","to","546","million","by","2100","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Similar trends are being noted across the continent.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Similar","trends","are","being","noted","across","the","continent","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As Africa develops, fertility rates are shrinking much faster than anticipated.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["As","Africa","develops",",","fertility","rates","are","shrinking","much","faster","than","anticipated","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,27,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's becoming more likely that East Asia's story will repeat itself.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","'s","becoming","more","likely","that","East","Asia","'s","story","will","repeat","itself","."],"tags":[3,15,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"By the end of the century, most places in Africa may be below replacement too.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["By","the","end","of","the","century",",","most","places","in","Africa","may","be","below","replacement","too","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,13,0]}
{"text":"So declining birth rates and aging populations have become a general trend all over the world.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","declining","birth","rates","and","aging","populations","have","become","a","general","trend","all","over","the","world","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Why is all of this a big deal?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Why","is","all","of","this","a","big","deal","?"],"tags":[13,21,1,2,2,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"For a functioning society, you need enough people to sustain the prime of their lives.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["For","a","functioning","society",",","you","need","enough","people","to","sustain","the","prime","of","their","lives","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Young and middle-aged people do most of the work.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Young","and","middle","-","aged","people","do","most","of","the","work","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In any economic system, working-age people create a society's wealth.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","any","economic","system",",","working","-","age","people","create","a","society","'s","wealth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In retirement, you stop contributing as much to the economy.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","retirement",",","you","stop","contributing","as","much","to","the","economy","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But the majority of health care costs are generated by seniors.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","the","majority","of","health","care","costs","are","generated","by","seniors","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The way the world worked in the past was that a lot of younger people took care of a few older people.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","way","the","world","worked","in","the","past","was","that","a","lot","of","younger","people","took","care","of","a","few","older","people","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Imagine a society where most people are older than 60.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","a","society","where","most","people","are","older","than","60","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The financial burden for the young will be immense, and it will be unsustainable even for the richest countries.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","financial","burden","for","the","young","will","be","immense",",","and","it","will","be","unsustainable","even","for","the","richest","countries","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Even in the best case, this will mean people having to work way longer, exploding health care costs and poverty,","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":111,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":21,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Even","in","the","best","case",",","this","will","mean","people","having","to","work","way","longer",",","exploding","health","care","costs","and","poverty",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Technology might soften the blow, but can't compensate entirely.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Technology","might","soften","the","blow",",","but","ca","n't","compensate","entirely","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We can see this happening already.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","can","see","this","happening","already","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"11 out of 31 provinces in China are running deficits for their pension funds.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["11","out","of","31","provinces","in","China","are","running","deficits","for","their","pension","funds","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They got old before they got rich, and now they can't really catch up anymore.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","got","old","before","they","got","rich",",","and","now","they","ca","n't","really","catch","up","anymore","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"China's working-age population is predicted to fall by 20%, or 200 million people by 2050, as much as today's entire working-age population of the US.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":149,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":33,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["China","'s","working","-","age","population","is","predicted","to","fall","by","20","%",",","or","200","million","people","by","2050",",","as","much","as","today","'s","entire","working","-","age","population","of","the","US","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Infrastructure collapse is an almost universal constant of population decline,","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Infrastructure","collapse","is","an","almost","universal","constant","of","population","decline",","],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"because infrastructure works at scale and doesn't get cheaper to operate if it's used by fewer people.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["because","infrastructure","works","at","scale","and","does","n't","get","cheaper","to","operate","if","it","'s","used","by","fewer","people","."],"tags":[0,1,25,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If a population declines, be it because of urbanization or the loss of industry and employment,","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["If","a","population","declines",",","be","it","because","of","urbanization","or","the","loss","of","industry","and","employment",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,21,1,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"once people and their income disappear, the resources necessary to sustain infrastructure disappear too.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":90,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["once","people","and","their","income","disappear",",","the","resources","necessary","to","sustain","infrastructure","disappear","too","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,0]}
{"text":"You can see it in many depopulated towns and cities in East Germany that suffered sharp population decline after German reunification.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","can","see","it","in","many","depopulated","towns","and","cities","in","East","Germany","that","suffered","sharp","population","decline","after","German","reunification","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Or look at Japan.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Or","look","at","Japan","."],"tags":[0,31,32,5,0]}
{"text":"You can tour the countryside to see dying towns.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["You","can","tour","the","countryside","to","see","dying","towns","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Wait, if there are fewer people, won't life get cheaper and better, and there'll be more resources to go around?","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":24,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Wait",",","if","there","are","fewer","people",",","wo","n't","life","get","cheaper","and","better",",","and","there","'ll","be","more","resources","to","go","around","?"],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,15,37,1,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Population decline doesn't lead to prosperity.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Population","decline","does","n't","lead","to","prosperity","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"It's people's ideas and work that create our prosperity, not the mere availability of resources.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":95,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","'s","people","'s","ideas","and","work","that","create","our","prosperity",",","not","the","mere","availability","of","resources","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,12,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Another danger for aging societies is that elected governments could decide to mostly represent the interests and fears of their elderly populations,","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":147,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":21,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Another","danger","for","aging","societies","is","that","elected","governments","could","decide","to","mostly","represent","the","interests","and","fears","of","their","elderly","populations",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"That's not a society that can handle issues like climate change, which need massive investment and fresh ideas, something the world is already having a hard time with.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":165,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":30,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["That","'s","not","a","society","that","can","handle","issues","like","climate","change",",","which","need","massive","investment","and","fresh","ideas",",","something","the","world","is","already","having","a","hard","time","with","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Many people think that having fewer humans on Earth is actually a good thing because our societies are too unsustainable,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":120,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Many","people","think","that","having","fewer","humans","on","Earth","is","actually","a","good","thing","because","our","societies","are","too","unsustainable",","],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"we're using up too many resources, and because of climate change.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["we","'re","using","up","too","many","resources",",","and","because","of","climate","change","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The problem is that even if you want fewer humans, this process is very likely too slow to have a positive impact on the environment.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":131,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","problem","is","that","even","if","you","want","fewer","humans",",","this","process","is","very","likely","too","slow","to","have","a","positive","impact","on","the","environment","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The world population is going to grow for at least 60 more years before it may shrink again.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","world","population","is","going","to","grow","for","at","least","60","more","years","before","it","may","shrink","again","."],"tags":[1,2,2,17,18,18,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"By then, we have to solve climate change.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["By","then",",","we","have","to","solve","climate","change","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,17,18,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Likewise, any other upsides a lower population might have will most likely not materialize themselves this century.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Likewise",",","any","other","upsides","a","lower","population","might","have","will","most","likely","not","materialize","themselves","this","century","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,14,37,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"So, just like in poor people, the easiest solution seems to be immigration, but the fertility of immigrants adjusts to local levels within three generations.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":156,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":80,"token_end":27,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["So",",","just","like","in","poor","people",",","the","easiest","solution","seems","to","be","immigration",",","but","the","fertility","of","immigrants","adjusts","to","local","levels","within","three","generations","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,17,18,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So you need a constant influx of new migrants, which is not sustainable long-term as birth rates are dropping everywhere.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":120,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":22,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","you","need","a","constant","influx","of","new","migrants",",","which","is","not","sustainable","long","-","term","as","birth","rates","are","dropping","everywhere","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The only way would be to keep poor countries poor so that the young and motivated migrate to developed countries looking for opportunity and a better life.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":154,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":26,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","only","way","would","be","to","keep","poor","countries","poor","so","that","the","young","and","motivated","migrate","to","developed","countries","looking","for","opportunity","and","a","better","life","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"By the end of the century, Africa will have the highest number of young people in the world,","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["By","the","end","of","the","century",",","Africa","will","have","the","highest","number","of","young","people","in","the","world",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"and so African migrants might become the world's most sought-after immigrants, with elderly nations fighting hard for every person willing to make the move.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":27,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["and","so","African","migrants","might","become","the","world","'s","most","sought","-","after","immigrants",",","with","elderly","nations","fighting","hard","for","every","person","willing","to","make","the","move","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Immigration can also create societal or cultural tensions, which is a universal phenomenon in all cultures,","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Immigration","can","also","create","societal","or","cultural","tensions",",","which","is","a","universal","phenomenon","in","all","cultures",","],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"especially when cultures with very different sets of values meet, often leading to a backlash that slows immigration down again.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["especially","when","cultures","with","very","different","sets","of","values","meet",",","often","leading","to","a","backlash","that","slows","immigration","down","again","."],"tags":[13,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's easy to be frustrated at this, but ignoring this will only divide societies, empower demagogues, and increase xenophobia.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":125,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","'s","easy","to","be","frustrated","at","this",",","but","ignoring","this","will","only","divide","societies",",","empower","demagogues",",","and","increase","xenophobia","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Economically, immigration is largely beneficial for societies, even if this seems counterintuitive to many people.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Economically",",","immigration","is","largely","beneficial","for","societies",",","even","if","this","seems","counterintuitive","to","many","people","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Especially countries like the US, an immigrant nation built on the idea of personal freedom and opportunity through hard work, will benefit the most.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":125,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":20,"token_start":6},{"end":131,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":127,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":139,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":132,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":148,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":140,"token_end":25,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["Especially","countries","like","the","US",",","an","immigrant","nation","built","on","the","idea","of","personal","freedom","and","opportunity","through","hard","work",",","will","benefit","the","most","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,0,15,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Countries like this will have a clear advantage this century, especially if they can attract the world's brightest and most ambitious.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Countries","like","this","will","have","a","clear","advantage","this","century",",","especially","if","they","can","attract","the","world","'s","brightest","and","most","ambitious","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This topic is way too big, affects societies as diverse as literally all of humanity.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","topic","is","way","too","big",",","affects","societies","as","diverse","as","literally","all","of","humanity","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So, please take this part with a gigantic grain of salt.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So",",","please","take","this","part","with","a","gigantic","grain","of","salt","."],"tags":[0,0,0,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Obviously, we're looking at this from our Central European perspective.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Obviously",",","we","'re","looking","at","this","from","our","Central","European","perspective","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,31,32,5,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One way to look at falling birth rates is as a side effect of the world being less bad than it was.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["One","way","to","look","at","falling","birth","rates","is","as","a","side","effect","of","the","world","being","less","bad","than","it","was","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Especially women are freer, more educated, and wealthier than in the past.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Especially","women","are","freer",",","more","educated",",","and","wealthier","than","in","the","past","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But it turns out that if societies are better off, individuals often decide to have fewer kids.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","turns","out","that","if","societies","are","better","off",",","individuals","often","decide","to","have","fewer","kids","."],"tags":[0,3,31,32,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Interestingly, there's a gap between how many kids people want and how many they're having.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Interestingly",",","there","'s","a","gap","between","how","many","kids","people","want","and","how","many","they","'re","having","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The mean number of kids women in Europe want is around 2.3, much more than they're actually having.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","mean","number","of","kids","women","in","Europe","want","is","around","2.3",",","much","more","than","they","'re","actually","having","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While we gained a lot of freedoms in the last century, across continents and economic systems, that came at a cost.","spans":[{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":103,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":100,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":22,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["While","we","gained","a","lot","of","freedoms","in","the","last","century",",","across","continents","and","economic","systems",",","that","came","at","a","cost","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Today, young parents have to deal with different challenges and societal expectations.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Today",",","young","parents","have","to","deal","with","different","challenges","and","societal","expectations","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,17,18,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Women are kind of ground down between the wish and expectation to have a family and a career, being pressured to do both, but not compromise either.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":17,"token_start":6},{"end":147,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":28,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Women","are","kind","of","ground","down","between","the","wish","and","expectation","to","have","a","family","and","a","career",",","being","pressured","to","do","both",",","but","not","compromise","either","."],"tags":[1,15,13,14,29,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Men are sharing parental duties more equally than they used to, but are often still expected to be the provider.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Men","are","sharing","parental","duties","more","equally","than","they","used","to",",","but","are","often","still","expected","to","be","the","provider","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And it's sadly true that usually at least one parent's career is held back.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","it","'s","sadly","true","that","usually","at","least","one","parent","'s","career","is","held","back","."],"tags":[0,3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In many developed countries, the gender pay gap is chiefly a pay gap between mothers and everyone else.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","many","developed","countries",",","the","gender","pay","gap","is","chiefly","a","pay","gap","between","mothers","and","everyone","else","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But it's not just outside pressure.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","not","just","outside","pressure","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Our culture of individualism probably plays a role too.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Our","culture","of","individualism","probably","plays","a","role","too","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,13,25,5,6,13,0]}
{"text":"We have only one life to explore, be free, travel, have fun, accomplish something and try to be happy.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","only","one","life","to","explore",",","be","free",",","travel",",","have","fun",",","accomplish","something","and","try","to","be","happy","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So people commit to partners later in life and often decide against big families or any at all.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","people","commit","to","partners","later","in","life","and","often","decide","against","big","families","or","any","at","all","."],"tags":[0,1,19,13,14,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And that's fair.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","that","'s","fair","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Nobody owes their country babies.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Nobody","owes","their","country","babies","."],"tags":[1,25,9,10,7,0]}
{"text":"So far, no country has successfully managed to increase birth rates significantly, so as of now, we don't really know what works.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":86,"token_end":25,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["So","far",",","no","country","has","successfully","managed","to","increase","birth","rates","significantly",",","so","as","of","now",",","we","do","n't","really","know","what","works","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But here are a few options to at least make the lives of parents much easier.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","here","are","a","few","options","to","at","least","make","the","lives","of","parents","much","easier","."],"tags":[0,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Parenthood has to stop being a career obstacle, and our culture needs to become more positive towards families.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Parenthood","has","to","stop","being","a","career","obstacle",",","and","our","culture","needs","to","become","more","positive","towards","families","."],"tags":[1,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And that's something we can all work on.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","that","'s","something","we","can","all","work","on","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The next time you sit next to a crying baby, don't be a jerk about it.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":49,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["The","next","time","you","sit","next","to","a","crying","baby",",","do","n't","be","a","jerk","about","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,15,37,21,11,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Kids are hard.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Kids","are","hard","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"In the end, humanity will not die out because we're having fewer babies.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","humanity","will","not","die","out","because","we","'re","having","fewer","babies","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,37,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The age and composition of our societies changes quickly, and we need to deal with that sooner rather than later.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":112,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","age","and","composition","of","our","societies","changes","quickly",",","and","we","need","to","deal","with","that","sooner","rather","than","later","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But in the end, of all the incredibly hard challenges we've faced before, why would this be the one we can't solve?","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":14,"token_start":5},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":91,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":114,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":25,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["But","in","the","end",",","of","all","the","incredibly","hard","challenges","we","'ve","faced","before",",","why","would","this","be","the","one","we","ca","n't","solve","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Getting to the bottom of the population crash starts with analyzing and interpreting massive amounts of data.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Getting","to","the","bottom","of","the","population","crash","starts","with","analyzing","and","interpreting","massive","amounts","of","data","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And if you're looking for a free way to start building your data skills, which are more essential than ever these days, we recommend Brilliant.org.","spans":[{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":23,"token_start":1},{"end":122,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":120,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":132,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":123,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":146,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":133,"token_end":27,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["And","if","you","'re","looking","for","a","free","way","to","start","building","your","data","skills",",","which","are","more","essential","than","ever","these","days",",","we","recommend","Brilliant.org","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,0]}
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{"text":"Steak, fried chicken, bacon, pork belly and sausages are just the best things.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Steak",",","fried","chicken",",","bacon",",","pork","belly","and","sausages","are","just","the","best","things","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Eating meat has become so trivial that many people don't consider something a proper meal if there's no animal involved.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":118,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Eating","meat","has","become","so","trivial","that","many","people","do","n't","consider","something","a","proper","meal","if","there","'s","no","animal","involved","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Today, you can get a cheeseburger for a dollar.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Today",",","you","can","get","a","cheeseburger","for","a","dollar","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Paradoxically, meat is pretty much the most inefficient way of feeding humans.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Paradoxically",",","meat","is","pretty","much","the","most","inefficient","way","of","feeding","humans","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,13,14,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If we look at it on a global scale, our meaty diet is literally eating up the planet.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","we","look","at","it","on","a","global","scale",",","our","meaty","diet","is","literally","eating","up","the","planet","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,13,31,32,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Why is that and what can we do about it without giving up steak?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":16,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Why","is","that","and","what","can","we","do","about","it","without","giving","up","steak","?"],"tags":[13,21,1,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Humans keep a lot of animals for food.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Humans","keep","a","lot","of","animals","for","food","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"That's a lot of mouths to feed, so we've transformed Earth into a giant feeding ground.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["That","'s","a","lot","of","mouths","to","feed",",","so","we","'ve","transformed","Earth","into","a","giant","feeding","ground","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"83% of its farmland is used for livestock, for example as pasture and to farm fodder crops like corn and soy.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["83","%","of","its","farmland","is","used","for","livestock",",","for","example","as","pasture","and","to","farm","fodder","crops","like","corn","and","soy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"That's 26% of Earth's total land area.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","26","%","of","Earth","'s","total","land","area","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If we include the water we need for these plants, meat and dairy production accounts for 27% of global freshwater consumption.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","we","include","the","water","we","need","for","these","plants",",","meat","and","dairy","production","accounts","for","27","%","of","global","freshwater","consumption","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, meat production is like a black hole for resources.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","meat","production","is","like","a","black","hole","for","resources","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Since animals are living things, most of their food is used to keep them alive while they grow their tasty parts.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":21,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Since","animals","are","living","things",",","most","of","their","food","is","used","to","keep","them","alive","while","they","grow","their","tasty","parts","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Only a fraction of the nutrients from fodder crops end up in the meat we buy in the end.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Only","a","fraction","of","the","nutrients","from","fodder","crops","end","up","in","the","meat","we","buy","in","the","end","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Cows, for example, convert only about 4% of the proteins and 3% of the calories of the plants we feed to them into beef.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":25,"token_start":6},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":27,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["Cows",",","for","example",",","convert","only","about","4","%","of","the","proteins","and","3","%","of","the","calories","of","the","plants","we","feed","to","them","into","beef","."],"tags":[1,0,13,14,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"More than 97% of the calories are lost to us.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["More","than","97","%","of","the","calories","are","lost","to","us","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"To create 1 kg of steak, a cow needs to eat up to 25 kg of grain and uses up to 15,000 liters of water.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":17,"token_start":10},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":25,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["To","create","1","kg","of","steak",",","a","cow","needs","to","eat","up","to","25","kg","of","grain","and","uses","up","to","15,000","liters","of","water","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Animal products are guzzling up tons of food, but they only make up 18% of the calories humans eat.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Animal","products","are","guzzling","up","tons","of","food",",","but","they","only","make","up","18","%","of","the","calories","humans","eat","."],"tags":[1,2,15,27,35,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"According to projections, we could nourish an additional 3.5 billion people if we just ate the stuff we feed to animals.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["According","to","projections",",","we","could","nourish","an","additional","3.5","billion","people","if","we","just","ate","the","stuff","we","feed","to","animals","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To make our favorite food group even more unsustainable, about 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions caused by humans are created by the meat industry.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":114,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":20,"token_start":10},{"end":118,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":116,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":126,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":120,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":147,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":128,"token_end":26,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["To","make","our","favorite","food","group","even","more","unsustainable",",","about","15","%","of","all","greenhouse","gas","emissions","caused","by","humans","are","created","by","the","meat","industry","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And there's another aspect to meat.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","'s","another","aspect","to","meat","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It comes from actual living beings.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","comes","from","actual","living","beings","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Pigs, cattle and chicken are not the ones writing the history books, but if they were, humans would appear as rampant genocidal maniacs that thrive on suffering.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":160,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":29,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Pigs",",","cattle","and","chicken","are","not","the","ones","writing","the","history","books",",","but","if","they","were",",","humans","would","appear","as","rampant","genocidal","maniacs","that","thrive","on","suffering","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Globally, we kill about 200 million animals every day.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Globally",",","we","kill","about","200","million","animals","every","day","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"This means that every one and a half years, we kill more animals than people have lived in the entire 200,000 year history of humanity.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":134,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":25,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","that","every","one","and","a","half","years",",","we","kill","more","animals","than","people","have","lived","in","the","entire","200,000","year","history","of","humanity","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"One could argue that we're doing them a favor.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["One","could","argue","that","we","'re","doing","them","a","favor","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"After all, they wouldn't exist without us.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["After","all",",","they","would","n't","exist","without","us","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,37,19,13,14,0]}
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{"text":"Unfortunately, we're not very nice gods.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","we","'re","not","very","nice","gods","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A lot of our meat comes from factory farms, huge industrial systems that house thousands of animals.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","lot","of","our","meat","comes","from","factory","farms",",","huge","industrial","systems","that","house","thousands","of","animals","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Engineered to be as efficient as possible, they have little regard for things like quality of life.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Engineered","to","be","as","efficient","as","possible",",","they","have","little","regard","for","things","like","quality","of","life","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Most pigs are raised in gigantic windowless sheds and never get to see the sun.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Most","pigs","are","raised","in","gigantic","windowless","sheds","and","never","get","to","see","the","sun","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Sows are kept in pens too small to turn around, where they give birth to one litter of piglets after another until it's their turn to be turned into bacon.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":31,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Sows","are","kept","in","pens","too","small","to","turn","around",",","where","they","give","birth","to","one","litter","of","piglets","after","another","until","it","'s","their","turn","to","be","turned","into","bacon","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Dairy cows are forced to breed continually to ensure their milk supply, but are separated from their calves hours after birth.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":125,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":76,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Dairy","cows","are","forced","to","breed","continually","to","ensure","their","milk","supply",",","but","are","separated","from","their","calves","hours","after","birth","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To fatten up beef cattle for slaughter, they're put in feedlots, confined pens where they can't roam, and put on weight more quickly.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":20,"token_start":11},{"end":132,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":106,"token_end":27,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["To","fatten","up","beef","cattle","for","slaughter",",","they","'re","put","in","feedlots",",","confined","pens","where","they","ca","n't","roam",",","and","put","on","weight","more","quickly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To make it possible to keep them so tightly together without dying of diseases, the majority of antibiotics we use are for livestock, up to 80% in the US.","spans":[{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":114,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":20,"token_start":15},{"end":118,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":115,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":132,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":119,"token_end":23,"token_start":22},{"end":153,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":134,"token_end":31,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["To","make","it","possible","to","keep","them","so","tightly","together","without","dying","of","diseases",",","the","majority","of","antibiotics","we","use","are","for","livestock",",","up","to","80","%","in","the","US","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But the ones that may have got the worst deal are chickens.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","the","ones","that","may","have","got","the","worst","deal","are","chickens","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"In factory farms, they're kept in such vast numbers and so close to each other that they can't form the social structures they have in nature, so they start attacking each other.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":28,"token_start":7},{"end":177,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":146,"token_end":35,"token_start":31}],"tokens":["In","factory","farms",",","they","'re","kept","in","such","vast","numbers","and","so","close","to","each","other","that","they","ca","n't","form","the","social","structures","they","have","in","nature",",","so","they","start","attacking","each","other","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To stop that, we cut their beaks and claws.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["To","stop","that",",","we","cut","their","beaks","and","claws","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Male chickens are deemed worthless since they can't lay eggs and are not suitable for meat production,","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Male","chickens","are","deemed","worthless","since","they","ca","n't","lay","eggs","and","are","not","suitable","for","meat","production",","],"tags":[1,2,15,29,33,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"so within minutes after birth, they're usually gassed and shredded in grinders.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["so","within","minutes","after","birth",",","they","'re","usually","gassed","and","shredded","in","grinders","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,29,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Several hundred million baby chickens are killed this way each year.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Several","hundred","million","baby","chickens","are","killed","this","way","each","year","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Even if you had a personal score to settle with chickens, how we treat them is beyond broken.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":77,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Even","if","you","had","a","personal","score","to","settle","with","chickens",",","how","we","treat","them","is","beyond","broken","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Organic farming regulations are designed to grant animals a minimum of comfort.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Organic","farming","regulations","are","designed","to","grant","animals","a","minimum","of","comfort","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The problem is that organic is an elastic term.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","problem","is","that","organic","is","an","elastic","term","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"According to EU regulations, an organic hen still might share one square meter of space with five others.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["According","to","EU","regulations",",","an","organic","hen","still","might","share","one","square","meter","of","space","with","five","others","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,13,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"That's a long way off from happy farmyard chickens.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","a","long","way","off","from","happy","farmyard","chickens","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Farms that sincerely do their best do exist, of course.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Farms","that","sincerely","do","their","best","do","exist",",","of","course","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,0,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But meat is still a business.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","meat","is","still","a","business","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"An organic label is a way to charge more money, and countless scandals have revealed producers looking for ways to cheat the system.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["An","organic","label","is","a","way","to","charge","more","money",",","and","countless","scandals","have","revealed","producers","looking","for","ways","to","cheat","the","system","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And while organic meat might be less cruel, it needs even more resources than conventional meat production.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","while","organic","meat","might","be","less","cruel",",","it","needs","even","more","resources","than","conventional","meat","production","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So, buying organic is still preferable, but does not grant you moral absolution.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So",",","buying","organic","is","still","preferable",",","but","does","not","grant","you","moral","absolution","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,21,13,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The truth is, if suffering were a resource, we would create billions of tons of it per year.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","truth","is",",","if","suffering","were","a","resource",",","we","would","create","billions","of","tons","of","it","per","year","."],"tags":[1,2,21,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The way we treat animals will probably be one of the things future generations will look down on in disgust.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","way","we","treat","animals","will","probably","be","one","of","the","things","future","generations","will","look","down","on","in","disgust","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While all these things are true, something else is true too.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["While","all","these","things","are","true",",","something","else","is","true","too","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,13,0]}
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{"text":"Burgers are the best food.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Burgers","are","the","best","food","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Chicken wings taste great.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Chicken","wings","taste","great","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Meat satisfies something buried deep in our lizard brain.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Meat","satisfies","something","buried","deep","in","our","lizard","brain","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We hardly ever see how our meat is made, we just eat it and love it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","hardly","ever","see","how","our","meat","is","made",",","we","just","eat","it","and","love","it","."],"tags":[1,13,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It creates joy, it brings us together for family meals and barbecue parties.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","creates","joy",",","it","brings","us","together","for","family","meals","and","barbecue","parties","."],"tags":[1,25,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Eating meat doesn't make you a bad person, not eating meat doesn't make you a good one.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Eating","meat","does","n't","make","you","a","bad","person",",","not","eating","meat","does","n't","make","you","a","good","one","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,5,33,34,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Life is complicated, and so is the world we've created.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Life","is","complicated",",","and","so","is","the","world","we","'ve","created","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, how should we deal with the fact that meat is extremely unsustainable and a sort of horrible torture?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So",",","how","should","we","deal","with","the","fact","that","meat","is","extremely","unsustainable","and","a","sort","of","horrible","torture","?"],"tags":[0,0,13,15,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For now, the easiest option is opting out more often.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["For","now",",","the","easiest","option","is","opting","out","more","often","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,15,27,35,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Taking a meat-free day per week already makes a difference.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Taking","a","meat","-","free","day","per","week","already","makes","a","difference","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"If you want to eat meat produced with less suffering, try to buy from trusted producers with a good track record, even if it costs more.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":21,"token_start":12},{"end":135,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":114,"token_end":27,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","eat","meat","produced","with","less","suffering",",","try","to","buy","from","trusted","producers","with","a","good","track","record",",","even","if","it","costs","more","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To make an impact on the environment, go for chicken and pig rather than lamb and beef, as they convert their feed more efficiently into meat.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":17,"token_start":9},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":27,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["To","make","an","impact","on","the","environment",",","go","for","chicken","and","pig","rather","than","lamb","and","beef",",","as","they","convert","their","feed","more","efficiently","into","meat","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And if you're going to have your steak, you should eat it too.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["And","if","you","'re","going","to","have","your","steak",",","you","should","eat","it","too","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,13,0]}
{"text":"An average American throws out nearly a pound of food per day, a lot of which is meat.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["An","average","American","throws","out","nearly","a","pound","of","food","per","day",",","a","lot","of","which","is","meat","."],"tags":[1,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In the future, science could get us clean meat.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","the","future",",","science","could","get","us","clean","meat","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,9,7,8,0]}
{"text":"Various startups have successfully grown meat in labs and are working on doing so on a commercial scale.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Various","startups","have","successfully","grown","meat","in","labs","and","are","working","on","doing","so","on","a","commercial","scale","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,21,5,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But solutions like this are still a few years away.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","solutions","like","this","are","still","a","few","years","away","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"For now, enjoy your steak, but also respect it.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["For","now",",","enjoy","your","steak",",","but","also","respect","it","."],"tags":[13,14,0,19,5,6,0,0,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"And if you can, make it something special again.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","if","you","can",",","make","it","something","special","again","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,13,0]}
{"text":"We have something else for you that's also special and tastes even better than steak.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","something","else","for","you","that","'s","also","special","and","tastes","even","better","than","steak","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We get asked a lot how we make our videos.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","get","asked","a","lot","how","we","make","our","videos","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"We thought we'd just show you.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","thought","we","'d","just","show","you","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Kurzgesagt teamed up with Skillshare, our favorite online tutorial service, to teach you our unique animation style.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Kurzgesagt","teamed","up","with","Skillshare",",","our","favorite","online","tutorial","service",",","to","teach","you","our","unique","animation","style","."],"tags":[1,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We've just released part 3 of our animation tutorial series where you can learn to animate a scene from our videos.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":113,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","'ve","just","released","part","3","of","our","animation","tutorial","series","where","you","can","learn","to","animate","a","scene","from","our","videos","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"One of them is us.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["One","of","them","is","us","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"And we also snagged a special offer for you.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","we","also","snagged","a","special","offer","for","you","."],"tags":[0,1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"If you want to learn how we animate our videos, you can start there today.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","learn","how","we","animate","our","videos",",","you","can","start","there","today","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,0]}
{"text":"Over 40 years ago, US President Richard Nixon declared drug abuse public enemy number one, starting an unprecedented global campaign, the War on Drugs.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":89,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":150,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":26,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Over","40","years","ago",",","US","President","Richard","Nixon","declared","drug","abuse","public","enemy","number","one",",","starting","an","unprecedented","global","campaign",",","the","War","on","Drugs","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,23,5,6,33,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Today, the numbers are in.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Today",",","the","numbers","are","in","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The War on Drugs is a huge failure with devastating unintended consequences.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","War","on","Drugs","is","a","huge","failure","with","devastating","unintended","consequences","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It led to mass incarceration in the US, to corruption, political destabilization and violence in Latin America, Asia and Africa, to systemic human rights abuses across the world.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":22,"token_start":2},{"end":176,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":129,"token_end":31,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["It","led","to","mass","incarceration","in","the","US",",","to","corruption",",","political","destabilization","and","violence","in","Latin","America",",","Asia","and","Africa",",","to","systemic","human","rights","abuses","across","the","world","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It negatively affected the lives of millions of people.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","negatively","affected","the","lives","of","millions","of","people","."],"tags":[1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"How could this happen?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["How","could","this","happen","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"The core strategy of the War on Drugs is no drugs, no problems.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","core","strategy","of","the","War","on","Drugs","is","no","drugs",",","no","problems","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So almost all of the efforts in the last few decades have been focused on eradicating the supply of drugs and incarcerating drug traffickers.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["So","almost","all","of","the","efforts","in","the","last","few","decades","have","been","focused","on","eradicating","the","supply","of","drugs","and","incarcerating","drug","traffickers","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But this ignores the most fundamental of market forces, supply and demand.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","this","ignores","the","most","fundamental","of","market","forces",",","supply","and","demand","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you reduce the supply of anything without reducing the demand first, its price goes up.","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","you","reduce","the","supply","of","anything","without","reducing","the","demand","first",",","its","price","goes","up","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,31,32,0]}
{"text":"This might lower sales for many products, but not for drugs.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","might","lower","sales","for","many","products",",","but","not","for","drugs","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The drugs market is not price sensitive.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","drugs","market","is","not","price","sensitive","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Drugs will be consumed no matter what they cost.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Drugs","will","be","consumed","no","matter","what","they","cost","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So the effect is to encourage production of more drugs and recruitment of more traffickers, which increases availability.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":120,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","the","effect","is","to","encourage","production","of","more","drugs","and","recruitment","of","more","traffickers",",","which","increases","availability","."],"tags":[0,11,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This is also known as the balloon effect.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","is","also","known","as","the","balloon","effect","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even if drug production or a major supply route is destroyed, the supply for the end user is not reduced.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":17,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":90,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":95,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":93,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":103,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":97,"token_end":20,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Even","if","drug","production","or","a","major","supply","route","is","destroyed",",","the","supply","for","the","end","user","is","not","reduced","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,29,0]}
{"text":"A perfect example of this is crystal meth.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","perfect","example","of","this","is","crystal","meth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The US government tried to stop its production by strictly regulating the sale of chemicals used to manufacture the drug.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":120,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","US","government","tried","to","stop","its","production","by","strictly","regulating","the","sale","of","chemicals","used","to","manufacture","the","drug","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This forced big meth producers out of business, but the unintended consequences were that thousands of small-scale operations started all over the country,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":154,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":25,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["This","forced","big","meth","producers","out","of","business",",","but","the","unintended","consequences","were","that","thousands","of","small","-","scale","operations","started","all","over","the","country",","],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,33,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In response to this, some US states wanted to reduce the supply of homegrown meth by regulating even more chemicals, which reduced small-scale meth production drastically.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":170,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":29,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","response","to","this",",","some","US","states","wanted","to","reduce","the","supply","of","homegrown","meth","by","regulating","even","more","chemicals",",","which","reduced","small","-","scale","meth","production","drastically","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But the supply of meth still stayed the same.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","the","supply","of","meth","still","stayed","the","same","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,13,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Mexican drug cartels immediately took over and opened big production operations.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Mexican","drug","cartels","immediately","took","over","and","opened","big","production","operations","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,31,32,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Their meth was even better than it was before, and they had loads of experience in smuggling.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Their","meth","was","even","better","than","it","was","before",",","and","they","had","loads","of","experience","in","smuggling","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So all these efforts made meth production more professional, the drug more potent, while supply wasn't reduced at all.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","all","these","efforts","made","meth","production","more","professional",",","the","drug","more","potent",",","while","supply","was","n't","reduced","at","all","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,23,5,6,33,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"You can't win this war on the supply side.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["You","ca","n't","win","this","war","on","the","supply","side","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Not only are drugs widely available, demand unbroken, and some drugs purer than in the past, with a budget of around $30 billion,","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":26,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Not","only","are","drugs","widely","available",",","demand","unbroken",",","and","some","drugs","purer","than","in","the","past",",","with","a","budget","of","around","$","30","billion",","],"tags":[0,0,21,1,11,12,0,41,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"the US Drug Enforcement Agency has an efficiency rate of less than 1% when it comes to stopping the flow of drugs into the US and inside the US.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":142,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":29,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["the","US","Drug","Enforcement","Agency","has","an","efficiency","rate","of","less","than","1","%","when","it","comes","to","stopping","the","flow","of","drugs","into","the","US","and","inside","the","US","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For many miners around the world, it's as easy to get illegal drugs as alcohol.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["For","many","miners","around","the","world",",","it","'s","as","easy","to","get","illegal","drugs","as","alcohol","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But it doesn't stop here.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","it","does","n't","stop","here","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,13,0]}
{"text":"Prohibition may prevent a certain amount of people from taking drugs, but in the process, it causes huge damage to society as a whole.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":133,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":25,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Prohibition","may","prevent","a","certain","amount","of","people","from","taking","drugs",",","but","in","the","process",",","it","causes","huge","damage","to","society","as","a","whole","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Many of the problems we associate with drug use are actually caused by the war against them.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Many","of","the","problems","we","associate","with","drug","use","are","actually","caused","by","the","war","against","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For example, prohibition makes drugs stronger.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["For","example",",","prohibition","makes","drugs","stronger","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,25,5,33,0]}
{"text":"The more potent drugs you can store in as little space as possible, the more profit you'll make.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":87,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":94,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":91,"token_end":19,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["The","more","potent","drugs","you","can","store","in","as","little","space","as","possible",",","the","more","profit","you","'ll","make","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,5,6,6,1,15,19,0]}
{"text":"It was the same during alcohol prohibition, which led to an increased consumption of strong liquor over beer.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","was","the","same","during","alcohol","prohibition",",","which","led","to","an","increased","consumption","of","strong","liquor","over","beer","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The prohibition of drugs also led to more violence and murders around the world.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","prohibition","of","drugs","also","led","to","more","violence","and","murders","around","the","world","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,13,23,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Gangs and cartels have no access to the legal system to settle disputes, so they use violence.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Gangs","and","cartels","have","no","access","to","the","legal","system","to","settle","disputes",",","so","they","use","violence","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This led to an ever-increasing spiral of brutality.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","led","to","an","ever","-","increasing","spiral","of","brutality","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"According to some estimates, the homicide rate in the US is 25-75% higher because of the war on drugs.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["According","to","some","estimates",",","the","homicide","rate","in","the","US","is","25","-","75","%","higher","because","of","the","war","on","drugs","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And in Mexico, a country on the front line, an estimated 164,000 have been murdered between 2007 and 2014.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":20,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["And","in","Mexico",",","a","country","on","the","front","line",",","an","estimated","164,000","have","been","murdered","between","2007","and","2014","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But where the war on drugs might do the most damage to society is the incarceration of non-violent drug offenders.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":113,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","where","the","war","on","drugs","might","do","the","most","damage","to","society","is","the","incarceration","of","non","-","violent","drug","offenders","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"For example, the United States, one of the driving forces of the war on drugs, has 5% of the world's total population,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":77,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":16,"token_start":7},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":79,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":117,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":26,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["For","example",",","the","United","States",",","one","of","the","driving","forces","of","the","war","on","drugs",",","has","5","%","of","the","world","'s","total","population",","],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,0,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Minorities suffer because of this especially.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Minorities","suffer","because","of","this","especially","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,13,0]}
{"text":"African Americans make up 40% of all US prison inmates.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["African","Americans","make","up","40","%","of","all","US","prison","inmates","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"While white kids are more likely to abuse drugs, black kids are 10 times more likely to get arrested for drug offenses.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":117,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["While","white","kids","are","more","likely","to","abuse","drugs",",","black","kids","are","10","times","more","likely","to","get","arrested","for","drug","offenses","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Okay, but is there actually something different we can do?","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Okay",",","but","is","there","actually","something","different","we","can","do","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,21,3,13,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Is there a way out of this mess?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Is","there","a","way","out","of","this","mess","?"],"tags":[21,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In the 1980s, Switzerland experienced a public health crisis related to heroin use.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","the","1980s",",","Switzerland","experienced","a","public","health","crisis","related","to","heroin","use","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"HIV rates skyrocketed and street crime became a problem.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["HIV","rates","skyrocketed","and","street","crime","became","a","problem","."],"tags":[1,2,23,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Swiss authorities tried a new strategy, harm reduction.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Swiss","authorities","tried","a","new","strategy",",","harm","reduction","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They opened free heroin maintenance centers where addicts would be treated and stabilized.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","opened","free","heroin","maintenance","centers","where","addicts","would","be","treated","and","stabilized","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Here, people would be given free heroin of high quality, they would get clean needles and have access to safe injection rooms, showers, beds and medical supervision.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":164,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":90,"token_end":30,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Here",",","people","would","be","given","free","heroin","of","high","quality",",","they","would","get","clean","needles","and","have","access","to","safe","injection","rooms",",","showers",",","beds","and","medical","supervision","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Social workers helped them find housing and deal with other problems in their lives.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":83,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Social","workers","helped","them","find","housing","and","deal","with","other","problems","in","their","lives","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The results were a sharp drop in drug-related crime, and two-thirds of the people in the centers got regular jobs","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","results","were","a","sharp","drop","in","drug","-","related","crime",",","and","two","-","thirds","of","the","people","in","the","centers","got","regular","jobs"],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42]}
{"text":"because now they could focus on getting better instead of financing their addiction.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["because","now","they","could","focus","on","getting","better","instead","of","financing","their","addiction","."],"tags":[0,13,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Today, over 70% of all heroin addicts in Switzerland receive treatment.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Today",",","over","70","%","of","all","heroin","addicts","in","Switzerland","receive","treatment","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,0]}
{"text":"HIV infections have dropped drastically.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["HIV","infections","have","dropped","drastically","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,0]}
{"text":"Deaths from heroin overdoses have dropped by 50%.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Deaths","from","heroin","overdoses","have","dropped","by","50","%","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And drug-related street sex work and crime has been reduced enormously.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","drug","-","related","street","sex","work","and","crime","has","been","reduced","enormously","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,0]}
{"text":"So there are methods that are not only way cheaper, but also actually work instead of creating more problems.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":108,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","there","are","methods","that","are","not","only","way","cheaper",",","but","also","actually","work","instead","of","creating","more","problems","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Drug prohibition led to a system that bulldozes human rights, costs vast sums of money and creates a lot of human misery.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":22,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Drug","prohibition","led","to","a","system","that","bulldozes","human","rights",",","costs","vast","sums","of","money","and","creates","a","lot","of","human","misery","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After 40 years of fighting, it's time to finally end the war on drugs and move on to something better.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":101,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["After","40","years","of","fighting",",","it","'s","time","to","finally","end","the","war","on","drugs","and","move","on","to","something","better","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This video was supported by the Open Society Foundations and by viewer donations on Patreon.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","video","was","supported","by","the","Open","Society","Foundations","and","by","viewer","donations","on","Patreon","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you want to learn more about how you can influence drug policy, check out the Stop the Harm campaign.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","learn","more","about","how","you","can","influence","drug","policy",",","check","out","the","Stop","the","Harm","campaign","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We finally have some merchandise.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","finally","have","some","merchandise","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"If you want your own Kurzgesagt poster, T-shirt, mug or stickers of little monsters, you can get them now at the DFTBA store.","spans":[{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":96,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":93,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":101,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":27,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["If","you","want","your","own","Kurzgesagt","poster",",","T","-","shirt",",","mug","or","stickers","of","little","monsters",",","you","can","get","them","now","at","the","DFTBA","store","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The universe is incredibly big and seems full of potential for life, with billions of habitable planets.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","universe","is","incredibly","big","and","seems","full","of","potential","for","life",",","with","billions","of","habitable","planets","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If an advanced civilization had the technology to travel between the stars at just 0.1% of the speed of light, it could colonize our galaxy in roughly 100 million years.","spans":[{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":20,"token_start":0},{"end":112,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":111,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":118,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":114,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":127,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":120,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":138,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":129,"token_end":26,"token_start":25},{"end":167,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":140,"token_end":31,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["If","an","advanced","civilization","had","the","technology","to","travel","between","the","stars","at","just","0.1","%","of","the","speed","of","light",",","it","could","colonize","our","galaxy","in","roughly","100","million","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So in principle, any spacefaring civilization should be able to spread rapidly over huge sectors of the galaxy.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","in","principle",",","any","spacefaring","civilization","should","be","able","to","spread","rapidly","over","huge","sectors","of","the","galaxy","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,2,15,17,18,18,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And yet we see nothing, hear nothing.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","yet","we","see","nothing",",","hear","nothing","."],"tags":[0,13,1,19,5,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The universe seems empty, devoid of others.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","universe","seems","empty",",","devoid","of","others","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This is the Fermi Paradox, which we've discussed in more detail in other videos.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","the","Fermi","Paradox",",","which","we","'ve","discussed","in","more","detail","in","other","videos","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Confronted with the seemingly empty universe, humanity faces a dilemma.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":55,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Confronted","with","the","seemingly","empty","universe",",","humanity","faces","a","dilemma","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"We desperately want to know if we are alone in the Milky Way.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","desperately","want","to","know","if","we","are","alone","in","the","Milky","Way","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We want to call out and reveal ourselves to anyone watching, but that could be the last thing we ever do.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["We","want","to","call","out","and","reveal","ourselves","to","anyone","watching",",","but","that","could","be","the","last","thing","we","ever","do","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Because maybe the universe is not empty.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Because","maybe","the","universe","is","not","empty","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"Maybe it's full of civilizations, but they are hiding from each other.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Maybe","it","'s","full","of","civilizations",",","but","they","are","hiding","from","each","other","."],"tags":[13,1,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Maybe the civilizations that attracted attention in the past were wiped away by invisible arrows.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":76,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":72,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Maybe","the","civilizations","that","attracted","attention","in","the","past","were","wiped","away","by","invisible","arrows","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,35,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is the Dark Forest solution to the Fermi Paradox.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","the","Dark","Forest","solution","to","the","Fermi","Paradox","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The hunter awakes in his hiding place and carefully listens for suspicious noises from the thick undergrowth before he gets up.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","hunter","awakes","in","his","hiding","place","and","carefully","listens","for","suspicious","noises","from","the","thick","undergrowth","before","he","gets","up","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Another night has passed without incident.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Another","night","has","passed","without","incident","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The forest is dark and full of fog.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","forest","is","dark","and","full","of","fog","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"He considers calling out to others to end his loneliness, but stops himself at the last moment.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["He","considers","calling","out","to","others","to","end","his","loneliness",",","but","stops","himself","at","the","last","moment","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"All living things seek to survive, secure resources, and multiply.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["All","living","things","seek","to","survive",",","secure","resources",",","and","multiply","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Their greatest obstacle are other living things that share the same objective.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Their","greatest","obstacle","are","other","living","things","that","share","the","same","objective","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Competition between species favored the survival of beings with advantageous traits.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":28,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Competition","between","species","favored","the","survival","of","beings","with","advantageous","traits","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Their ancestors were inventive, competitive, expansionist, and greedy for resources, which led them to winning the competition for our planet.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Their","ancestors","were","inventive",",","competitive",",","expansionist",",","and","greedy","for","resources",",","which","led","them","to","winning","the","competition","for","our","planet","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Today, most other animals are so utterly at our mercy that we wipe out about a dozen species a day just as an unintentional byproduct of how we like to run things.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":162,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":32,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Today",",","most","other","animals","are","so","utterly","at","our","mercy","that","we","wipe","out","about","a","dozen","species","a","day","just","as","an","unintentional","byproduct","of","how","we","like","to","run","things","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But humans are more than individuals.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","humans","are","more","than","individuals","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"From us, cultures emerge that also compete with each other.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["From","us",",","cultures","emerge","that","also","compete","with","each","other","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Competitive and expansionary cultures spread faster and further and merge with, subdue, or destroy others.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Competitive","and","expansionary","cultures","spread","faster","and","further","and","merge","with",",","subdue",",","or","destroy","others","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If we look at our history, it becomes clear we are dangerous.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["If","we","look","at","our","history",",","it","becomes","clear","we","are","dangerous","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Our human nature has driven us to take over every corner of our planet, and soon we will look to the stars both to expand our domain and ensure access to ever more resources.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":173,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":76,"token_end":34,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Our","human","nature","has","driven","us","to","take","over","every","corner","of","our","planet",",","and","soon","we","will","look","to","the","stars","both","to","expand","our","domain","and","ensure","access","to","ever","more","resources","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Then we might stumble upon others trying to do the same thing.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Then","we","might","stumble","upon","others","trying","to","do","the","same","thing","."],"tags":[13,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's likely that the competition of life also takes place on faraway planets,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","likely","that","the","competition","of","life","also","takes","place","on","faraway","planets",","],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"so it's logical to assume that an alien civilization that came to dominate their planet would be in some regards similar to us.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":126,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["so","it","'s","logical","to","assume","that","an","alien","civilization","that","came","to","dominate","their","planet","would","be","in","some","regards","similar","to","us","."],"tags":[0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But if they're similar to us, they too may be dangerous.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","if","they","'re","similar","to","us",",","they","too","may","be","dangerous","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"As the hunter sneaks through the dark forest all alone, he knows that there might be others like him.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","the","hunter","sneaks","through","the","dark","forest","all","alone",",","he","knows","that","there","might","be","others","like","him","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"He can't know their intentions, if they are aggressive or not.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["He","ca","n't","know","their","intentions",",","if","they","are","aggressive","or","not","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The hunter knows he would kill to ensure his own survival, so he has to assume that they would too.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","hunter","knows","he","would","kill","to","ensure","his","own","survival",",","so","he","has","to","assume","that","they","would","too","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And it might be that if he stumbles upon another hunter, the one that shoots first survives.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","it","might","be","that","if","he","stumbles","upon","another","hunter",",","the","one","that","shoots","first","survives","."],"tags":[0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"None of this means that conflict is unavoidable.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["None","of","this","means","that","conflict","is","unavoidable","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So far the progress of the modern world seems to have made us more peaceful, not more violent.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":93,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","far","the","progress","of","the","modern","world","seems","to","have","made","us","more","peaceful",",","not","more","violent","."],"tags":[13,14,1,2,2,2,2,2,17,18,15,29,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Different alien civilizations also should vary from the mild and peaceful to the malevolent and militaristic.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Different","alien","civilizations","also","should","vary","from","the","mild","and","peaceful","to","the","malevolent","and","militaristic","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The existential problem we're facing is that when we meet others between the stars, we have no way of telling who is peaceful or aggressive and what their true intentions are.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":173,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":32,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","existential","problem","we","'re","facing","is","that","when","we","meet","others","between","the","stars",",","we","have","no","way","of","telling","who","is","peaceful","or","aggressive","and","what","their","true","intentions","are","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Similarly, they might not understand or trust our intentions, even if we tell them that we are peaceful.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Similarly",",","they","might","not","understand","or","trust","our","intentions",",","even","if","we","tell","them","that","we","are","peaceful","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,37,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"On top of that, if we did discover another civilization and they discovered us, the light years between us would mean years of communication delay.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":14,"token_start":5},{"end":106,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":20,"token_start":16},{"end":112,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":107,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":117,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":113,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":146,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":118,"token_end":26,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["On","top","of","that",",","if","we","did","discover","another","civilization","and","they","discovered","us",",","the","light","years","between","us","would","mean","years","of","communication","delay","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Both sides would be in a state of uncertainty, wondering if the wisest move is to just attack,","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Both","sides","would","be","in","a","state","of","uncertainty",",","wondering","if","the","wisest","move","is","to","just","attack",","],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"because there's another serious issue, technological explosions and the first strike advantage.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["because","there","'s","another","serious","issue",",","technological","explosions","and","the","first","strike","advantage","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We don't know where the limits of technology are, but we do know how much technological progress matters in war.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","where","the","limits","of","technology","are",",","but","we","do","know","how","much","technological","progress","matters","in","war","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A few hundred or thousand years can turn conflict with uncertain results into a one-sided massacre.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["A","few","hundred","or","thousand","years","can","turn","conflict","with","uncertain","results","into","a","one","-","sided","massacre","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Caesar's legions would stand no chance against Napoleon's army with their cannons and muskets,","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Caesar","'s","legions","would","stand","no","chance","against","Napoleon","'s","army","with","their","cannons","and","muskets",","],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So the power level of different civilizations may vary massively,","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","the","power","level","of","different","civilizations","may","vary","massively",","],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,0]}
{"text":"If your opponent is light years away, sending an invasion fleet takes so long that by the time it arrives, it might be hopelessly obsolete.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":26,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","your","opponent","is","light","years","away",",","sending","an","invasion","fleet","takes","so","long","that","by","the","time","it","arrives",",","it","might","be","hopelessly","obsolete","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So war between civilizations might be just about eliminating the other to remove an existential threat to yourself.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":114,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","war","between","civilizations","might","be","just","about","eliminating","the","other","to","remove","an","existential","threat","to","yourself","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In this environment, the only way to guarantee a win is to strike with such force and speed that the target has no chance of survival or time to counterattack or escape to seek revenge later.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":190,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":36,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","this","environment",",","the","only","way","to","guarantee","a","win","is","to","strike","with","such","force","and","speed","that","the","target","has","no","chance","of","survival","or","time","to","counterattack","or","escape","to","seek","revenge","later","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The stakes are the highest possible, with no room for error.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","stakes","are","the","highest","possible",",","with","no","room","for","error","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If we assume that the majority of civilizations live on planets, that leaves them pretty vulnerable.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":98,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","we","assume","that","the","majority","of","civilizations","live","on","planets",",","that","leaves","them","pretty","vulnerable","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"All you need to do is throw something massive at a planet to make it uninhabitable.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["All","you","need","to","do","is","throw","something","massive","at","a","planet","to","make","it","uninhabitable","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So the ultimate interplanetary annihilation weapon is probably something like a relativistic kill vehicle.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","the","ultimate","interplanetary","annihilation","weapon","is","probably","something","like","a","relativistic","kill","vehicle","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A missile shot at a planet at a significant fraction of the speed of light.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","missile","shot","at","a","planet","at","a","significant","fraction","of","the","speed","of","light","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For example, a missile the size of a person going 95% the speed of light has as much energy as all nuclear bombs on Earth.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":16,"token_start":3},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":120,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":26,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["For","example",",","a","missile","the","size","of","a","person","going","95","%","the","speed","of","light","has","as","much","energy","as","all","nuclear","bombs","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you shot a few dozen at the civilization you wanted to wipe out, success would be fairly certain, even a single hit would suffice.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":84,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":19,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","you","shot","a","few","dozen","at","the","civilization","you","wanted","to","wipe","out",",","success","would","be","fairly","certain",",","even","a","single","hit","would","suffice","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This is not that absurd of an idea.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","not","that","absurd","of","an","idea","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A civilization only slightly above us on the Kardashev scale would have enough energy to send multiple strikes against every planet it suspects of harboring life.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":67,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":160,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["A","civilization","only","slightly","above","us","on","the","Kardashev","scale","would","have","enough","energy","to","send","multiple","strikes","against","every","planet","it","suspects","of","harboring","life","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"What makes these weapons so sinister is how much they favor a first strike,","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["What","makes","these","weapons","so","sinister","is","how","much","they","favor","a","first","strike",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"since they would be so fast that it might be impossible to protect yourself effectively against them once they're launched.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":122,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["since","they","would","be","so","fast","that","it","might","be","impossible","to","protect","yourself","effectively","against","them","once","they","'re","launched","."],"tags":[0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Conflict between civilizations may not be lengthy affairs, but rapid winner-takes-all situations, where the first one to shoot wins.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":130,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":24,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Conflict","between","civilizations","may","not","be","lengthy","affairs",",","but","rapid","winner","-","takes","-","all","situations",",","where","the","first","one","to","shoot","wins","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,37,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This makes any civilization an existential threat to any other.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","makes","any","civilization","an","existential","threat","to","any","other","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"And if every civilization is an existential threat to every other, there may be only two kinds of civilizations out there.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":72,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":121,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","if","every","civilization","is","an","existential","threat","to","every","other",",","there","may","be","only","two","kinds","of","civilizations","out","there","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"So what should we do?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","what","should","we","do","?"],"tags":[0,5,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"Should we worry?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Should","we","worry","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"It's unlikely that anybody has noticed humanity yet.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","unlikely","that","anybody","has","noticed","humanity","yet","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The radio signals we've transmitted in the last 100 years traveled a relatively tiny distance and have long decayed into unreadable noise.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":137,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":98,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["The","radio","signals","we","'ve","transmitted","in","the","last","100","years","traveled","a","relatively","tiny","distance","and","have","long","decayed","into","unreadable","noise","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"At our technological stage, if we don't actively try to get noticed, and if nobody specifically looks at our pretty unremarkable solar system, we'll stay hidden.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":25,"token_start":5},{"end":144,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":143,"token_end":27,"token_start":27},{"end":147,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":145,"token_end":28,"token_start":28},{"end":152,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":149,"token_end":29,"token_start":29},{"end":159,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":154,"token_end":30,"token_start":30}],"tokens":["At","our","technological","stage",",","if","we","do","n't","actively","try","to","get","noticed",",","and","if","nobody","specifically","looks","at","our","pretty","unremarkable","solar","system",",","we","'ll","stay","hidden","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"But one day we will venture into space in a serious way, and need to consider these kinds of questions again.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","one","day","we","will","venture","into","space","in","a","serious","way",",","and","need","to","consider","these","kinds","of","questions","again","."],"tags":[0,13,14,1,15,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We don't know if there are others or if we are going through the forest alone.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","if","there","are","others","or","if","we","are","going","through","the","forest","alone","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But we have no way of knowing for sure.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","we","have","no","way","of","knowing","for","sure","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For the time being, it seems the best we can do is to carefully listen.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["For","the","time","being",",","it","seems","the","best","we","can","do","is","to","carefully","listen","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And even if we see others step into a clearing and make themselves known, we should not reply right away, but carefully watch them from the undergrowth.","spans":[{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":13,"token_start":1},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":87,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":93,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":88,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":20,"token_start":19},{"end":151,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":110,"token_end":28,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["And","even","if","we","see","others","step","into","a","clearing","and","make","themselves","known",",","we","should","not","reply","right","away",",","but","carefully","watch","them","from","the","undergrowth","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Perhaps we are also thinking about this all wrong by allowing our primitive brain","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Perhaps","we","are","also","thinking","about","this","all","wrong","by","allowing","our","primitive","brain"],"tags":[13,1,15,13,31,32,5,13,14,13,14,14,14,14]}
{"text":"that evolved in the context of the gruesome competition of life to conjure fears of predatory aliens all around us.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["that","evolved","in","the","context","of","the","gruesome","competition","of","life","to","conjure","fears","of","predatory","aliens","all","around","us","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Maybe the fact that we are looking at the universe like this is a sign that we are not grown up yet as a species.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":111,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Maybe","the","fact","that","we","are","looking","at","the","universe","like","this","is","a","sign","that","we","are","not","grown","up","yet","as","a","species","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There could be a friendly, welcoming community of alien civilizations waiting to hear from us when we are ready.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":111,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","could","be","a","friendly",",","welcoming","community","of","alien","civilizations","waiting","to","hear","from","us","when","we","are","ready","."],"tags":[3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"As for now, the good news is there is actually little we need to do.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["As","for","now",",","the","good","news","is","there","is","actually","little","we","need","to","do","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We just need to be thoughtful about the signals we send out into the galaxy, we need to watch the sky and learn more about our galaxy, our forest.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","just","need","to","be","thoughtful","about","the","signals","we","send","out","into","the","galaxy",",","we","need","to","watch","the","sky","and","learn","more","about","our","galaxy",",","our","forest","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Because whatever the nature of our forest is, full of dangers or friends or nobody at all, only careful observation can tell.","spans":[{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":17,"token_start":1},{"end":115,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":21,"token_start":19},{"end":119,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":116,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":124,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":120,"token_end":23,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["Because","whatever","the","nature","of","our","forest","is",",","full","of","dangers","or","friends","or","nobody","at","all",",","only","careful","observation","can","tell","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"So let's do that.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","let","'s","do","that","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"At last, the hunter reaches a clearing and finds a comfortable position.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["At","last",",","the","hunter","reaches","a","clearing","and","finds","a","comfortable","position","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Slowly, the sun melts the fog away.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Slowly",",","the","sun","melts","the","fog","away","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,25,5,6,35,0]}
{"text":"Lost in thought, he admires the vegetation, until suddenly he is eye to eye with another hunter, frozen in terror just like himself.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":25,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Lost","in","thought",",","he","admires","the","vegetation",",","until","suddenly","he","is","eye","to","eye","with","another","hunter",",","frozen","in","terror","just","like","himself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"His mind is racing, considering all the different options.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["His","mind","is","racing",",","considering","all","the","different","options","."],"tags":[1,2,15,27,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The hunter takes a deep breath and makes a decision.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","hunter","takes","a","deep","breath","and","makes","a","decision","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Maybe the only way out of the dark forest is to step into the clearing together.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Maybe","the","only","way","out","of","the","dark","forest","is","to","step","into","the","clearing","together","."],"tags":[13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And with this hopeful picture, we say goodbye to the year 12,021 of the human era.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","with","this","hopeful","picture",",","we","say","goodbye","to","the","year","12,021","of","the","human","era","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It was a wild year to say the least, still much more fun than 12,020.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","was","a","wild","year","to","say","the","least",",","still","much","more","fun","than","12,020","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Kurzgesagt had its most successful month ever and published a book.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Kurzgesagt","had","its","most","successful","month","ever","and","published","a","book","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We tried a lot of new techniques and really got into Blender and Cinema 4D, hiding more 3D in our videos.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","tried","a","lot","of","new","techniques","and","really","got","into","Blender","and","Cinema","4D",",","hiding","more","3D","in","our","videos","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We have so many ideas for next year and big and ambitious plans that we can't wait to share with you.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","so","many","ideas","for","next","year","and","big","and","ambitious","plans","that","we","ca","n't","wait","to","share","with","you","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And all of this was and is possible because of your direct support.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","all","of","this","was","and","is","possible","because","of","your","direct","support","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so much.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Kurzgesagt only works because of you.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Kurzgesagt","only","works","because","of","you","."],"tags":[1,13,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So in tune with the end of the year, we've designed a few products that will help you to visualize your place in the universe.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":125,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":26,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","in","tune","with","the","end","of","the","year",",","we","'ve","designed","a","few","products","that","will","help","you","to","visualize","your","place","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our very shiny The Night Sky poster shows you the little piece of space we can see from Earth","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":92,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Our","very","shiny","The","Night","Sky","poster","shows","you","the","little","piece","of","space","we","can","see","from","Earth"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8]}
{"text":"We design and produce every single product with great care.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","design","and","produce","every","single","product","with","great","care","."],"tags":[1,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Getting something from our shop is the best way to support Quantic Azart.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Getting","something","from","our","shop","is","the","best","way","to","support","Quantic","Azart","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We hope you have a wonderful end of the year and that 2022 is more fun and less exciting than the last two years.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","hope","you","have","a","wonderful","end","of","the","year","and","that","2022","is","more","fun","and","less","exciting","than","the","last","two","years","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Thank you for watching.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","for","watching","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Friends make life good.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Friends","make","life","good","."],"tags":[1,19,5,33,0]}
{"text":"They provide the scaffolding that makes it not just bearable, but fun.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","provide","the","scaffolding","that","makes","it","not","just","bearable",",","but","fun","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They give us a sense of meaning and purpose, and are a source of security, self-esteem, and happiness.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["They","give","us","a","sense","of","meaning","and","purpose",",","and","are","a","source","of","security",",","self","-","esteem",",","and","happiness","."],"tags":[1,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Almost nothing predicts how happy you will be as how connected you feel, and a lack of social connection is associated with a number of diseases and a shorter life.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":163,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":30,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Almost","nothing","predicts","how","happy","you","will","be","as","how","connected","you","feel",",","and","a","lack","of","social","connection","is","associated","with","a","number","of","diseases","and","a","shorter","life","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But maybe you have scrolled through your phone, unsure who to call to go to a movie with, to celebrate with, or ask for comfort.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","maybe","you","have","scrolled","through","your","phone",",","unsure","who","to","call","to","go","to","a","movie","with",",","to","celebrate","with",",","or","ask","for","comfort","."],"tags":[0,13,1,15,29,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"You may realize that you don't have enough friends and feel lonely.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["You","may","realize","that","you","do","n't","have","enough","friends","and","feel","lonely","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"And it's not just you.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","it","'s","not","just","you","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Disconnectedness and loneliness are widespread.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Disconnectedness","and","loneliness","are","widespread","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Many people want more close friends, but don't know how to get them.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Many","people","want","more","close","friends",",","but","do","n't","know","how","to","get","them","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Surprisingly, nowadays, loneliness is highest among young people, whose relationships were also hit especially hard by the global pandemic.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Surprisingly",",","nowadays",",","loneliness","is","highest","among","young","people",",","whose","relationships","were","also","hit","especially","hard","by","the","global","pandemic","."],"tags":[13,0,13,0,1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Social distancing stopped teens and young adults from mingling in classrooms, clubs, or dorms.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Social","distancing","stopped","teens","and","young","adults","from","mingling","in","classrooms",",","clubs",",","or","dorms","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Millions of friendships, maybe lifelong friendships, that might have blossomed, will never exist, with profound long-term consequences for our collective happiness.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":78,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":90,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":96,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":91,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":163,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":26,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Millions","of","friendships",",","maybe","lifelong","friendships",",","that","might","have","blossomed",",","will","never","exist",",","with","profound","long","-","term","consequences","for","our","collective","happiness","."],"tags":[1,2,2,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,0,15,37,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The good news is that it's not too late, and there are lots of friends to be found.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","good","news","is","that","it","'s","not","too","late",",","and","there","are","lots","of","friends","to","be","found","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We'll mix scientific information with actionable advice in this video, but we can't address every individual situation.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["We","'ll","mix","scientific","information","with","actionable","advice","in","this","video",",","but","we","ca","n't","address","every","individual","situation","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"People, cultures, and schedules are different.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["People",",","cultures",",","and","schedules","are","different","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"If you suffer from chronic loneliness, you can also watch the video we made about it.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","you","suffer","from","chronic","loneliness",",","you","can","also","watch","the","video","we","made","about","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Okay, as with all important things in life, making friends is infuriatingly simple, but not necessarily easy.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":108,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Okay",",","as","with","all","important","things","in","life",",","making","friends","is","infuriatingly","simple",",","but","not","necessarily","easy","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But it works through a few pretty straightforward mechanisms.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","it","works","through","a","few","pretty","straightforward","mechanisms","."],"tags":[0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"People make friends with other people when they spend casual time together.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["People","make","friends","with","other","people","when","they","spend","casual","time","together","."],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is how our ancestors formed their relationships, because humans lived in small, close-knit communities in which options for making friends were limited,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":26,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","is","how","our","ancestors","formed","their","relationships",",","because","humans","lived","in","small",",","close","-","knit","communities","in","which","options","for","making","friends","were","limited",","],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"so we just formed good relationships with the people who were around us.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["so","we","just","formed","good","relationships","with","the","people","who","were","around","us","."],"tags":[0,1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is why it's so easy to form new friendships in school and university.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","why","it","'s","so","easy","to","form","new","friendships","in","school","and","university","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Society locks you and your peers in a building for several years.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Society","locks","you","and","your","peers","in","a","building","for","several","years","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You share similar activities, but more importantly, similar schedules.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","share","similar","activities",",","but","more","importantly",",","similar","schedules","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Overlapping and fluctuating social circles form, naturally giving you regular face time and shared experiences with many different people.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":136,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Overlapping","and","fluctuating","social","circles","form",",","naturally","giving","you","regular","face","time","and","shared","experiences","with","many","different","people","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Proximity can be more important than similar interests.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Proximity","can","be","more","important","than","similar","interests","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"One study found that in student dormitories, the distance between rooms was the strongest friendship predictor.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["One","study","found","that","in","student","dormitories",",","the","distance","between","rooms","was","the","strongest","friendship","predictor","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Living closer together meant a higher chance of becoming friends.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Living","closer","together","meant","a","higher","chance","of","becoming","friends","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Another study showed that being physically present in a class a lot, without saying a word, makes others more sympathetic to you.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":128,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":23,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Another","study","showed","that","being","physically","present","in","a","class","a","lot",",","without","saying","a","word",",","makes","others","more","sympathetic","to","you","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So the most important principle of making friends is to regularly spend time with people in the real world.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":106,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","the","most","important","principle","of","making","friends","is","to","regularly","spend","time","with","people","in","the","real","world","."],"tags":[0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This alone can make it happen automatically and trumps all other advice.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","alone","can","make","it","happen","automatically","and","trumps","all","other","advice","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,33,34,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But don't forget that making friends is not a numbers game or a competition, don't compare yourself to others.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","do","n't","forget","that","making","friends","is","not","a","numbers","game","or","a","competition",",","do","n't","compare","yourself","to","others","."],"tags":[0,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Everyone has a social calibrator that can change as you go through life.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Everyone","has","a","social","calibrator","that","can","change","as","you","go","through","life","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Maybe you were more introverted as a teen, but yearn for connection in your twenties.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":84,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Maybe","you","were","more","introverted","as","a","teen",",","but","yearn","for","connection","in","your","twenties","."],"tags":[13,1,21,11,12,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Maybe you were part of sprawling social circles, but prefer fewer friends in your thirties.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Maybe","you","were","part","of","sprawling","social","circles",",","but","prefer","fewer","friends","in","your","thirties","."],"tags":[13,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There is no right or wrong, only right for you.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","no","right","or","wrong",",","only","right","for","you","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Why we don't have enough friends.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Why","we","do","n't","have","enough","friends","."],"tags":[13,1,15,37,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The main reason for lack of friendships is the simple fact that most people don't prioritize friendships nearly enough.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":117,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","main","reason","for","lack","of","friendships","is","the","simple","fact","that","most","people","do","n't","prioritize","friendships","nearly","enough","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They don't realize until it's too late that retaining friendships demands regular energy and attention.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","do","n't","realize","until","it","'s","too","late","that","retaining","friendships","demands","regular","energy","and","attention","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Although they are so important for happiness, friends often take a back seat to other life decisions.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Although","they","are","so","important","for","happiness",",","friends","often","take","a","back","seat","to","other","life","decisions","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Work, commuting, romance, or kids take up so much time and energy that it's so much easier to crash on your couch and lose yourself in mindless activities.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Work",",","commuting",",","romance",",","or","kids","take","up","so","much","time","and","energy","that","it","'s","so","much","easier","to","crash","on","your","couch","and","lose","yourself","in","mindless","activities","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Especially as an adult, going for a bike ride, getting dinner, or visiting a hobby store takes much more mental effort and commitment than it did after school","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":18,"token_start":5},{"end":94,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":89,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":25,"token_start":20},{"end":158,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":134,"token_end":30,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["Especially","as","an","adult",",","going","for","a","bike","ride",",","getting","dinner",",","or","visiting","a","hobby","store","takes","much","more","mental","effort","and","commitment","than","it","did","after","school"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14]}
{"text":"But it's not just adults who are too busy for friends.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","not","just","adults","who","are","too","busy","for","friends","."],"tags":[0,3,21,37,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The average American teenager spends more time on TikTok every day than socializing at parties, events, or on the phone with friends combined.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","average","American","teenager","spends","more","time","on","TikTok","every","day","than","socializing","at","parties",",","events",",","or","on","the","phone","with","friends","combined","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Established friendships don't require the same time investment as early friendships to keep up, but they do require some commitment.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":100,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Established","friendships","do","n't","require","the","same","time","investment","as","early","friendships","to","keep","up",",","but","they","do","require","some","commitment","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As life distracts you, it's easy to skip out on checking in when a friend goes through exciting or depressing times.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":115,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["As","life","distracts","you",",","it","'s","easy","to","skip","out","on","checking","in","when","a","friend","goes","through","exciting","or","depressing","times","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And so many friendships fade for lack of attention, often by accident.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","so","many","friendships","fade","for","lack","of","attention",",","often","by","accident","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Another thing that makes many people vulnerable is the way friendship networks are structured.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Another","thing","that","makes","many","people","vulnerable","is","the","way","friendship","networks","are","structured","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The friendship paradox is the phenomenon that on average, most people have fewer friends than their friends.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","friendship","paradox","is","the","phenomenon","that","on","average",",","most","people","have","fewer","friends","than","their","friends","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Rather than being densely interconnected, friendship networks are often built around central hubs.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Rather","than","being","densely","interconnected",",","friendship","networks","are","often","built","around","central","hubs","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So if central people disappear from your life, this can deprive you of many connections at once.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":87,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So","if","central","people","disappear","from","your","life",",","this","can","deprive","you","of","many","connections","at","once","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,35,36,36,13,14,0]}
{"text":"And it can lead to a distorted self-perception that you are less popular than others, although you are perfectly average.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","it","can","lead","to","a","distorted","self","-","perception","that","you","are","less","popular","than","others",",","although","you","are","perfectly","average","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It can get worse quickly with big life events.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","can","get","worse","quickly","with","big","life","events","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Maybe you move for school, work, or love, and are left without social networks.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Maybe","you","move","for","school",",","work",",","or","love",",","and","are","left","without","social","networks","."],"tags":[13,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Or you had a breakup that left you with the smaller part of the formerly shared social pie.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Or","you","had","a","breakup","that","left","you","with","the","smaller","part","of","the","formerly","shared","social","pie","."],"tags":[0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The reasons why you find yourself with less connection than you want are as diverse as people but the underlying cause is almost always time.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":93,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":140,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":98,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["The","reasons","why","you","find","yourself","with","less","connection","than","you","want","are","as","diverse","as","people","but","the","underlying","cause","is","almost","always","time","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There is no shortcut.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","no","shortcut","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,0]}
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{"text":"So take a look at yourself and rebalance what you spend your life doing.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","take","a","look","at","yourself","and","rebalance","what","you","spend","your","life","doing","."],"tags":[0,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Studies have shown that new friendships can develop quite quickly, weeks after you meet someone.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Studies","have","shown","that","new","friendships","can","develop","quite","quickly",",","weeks","after","you","meet","someone","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But it takes a few months for a casual friendship to become a close relationship, with the biggest impediment being time invested and the quality of your interactions.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","it","takes","a","few","months","for","a","casual","friendship","to","become","a","close","relationship",",","with","the","biggest","impediment","being","time","invested","and","the","quality","of","your","interactions","."],"tags":[0,3,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,1,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"To make friends, it helps if you intentionally look for people you have things in common with and who are open to new relationships.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":24,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["To","make","friends",",","it","helps","if","you","intentionally","look","for","people","you","have","things","in","common","with","and","who","are","open","to","new","relationships","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You want to make it easy for yourself, so examine what kind of person you are.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["You","want","to","make","it","easy","for","yourself",",","so","examine","what","kind","of","person","you","are","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Generally speaking, extroverts tend to crave sensory stimulation, spicier foods, loud music, or the excitement of engaging a crowd.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":130,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":22,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Generally","speaking",",","extroverts","tend","to","crave","sensory","stimulation",",","spicier","foods",",","loud","music",",","or","the","excitement","of","engaging","a","crowd","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Introverts, often confused with shy people, tend to be more sensitive to sensory stimulants and prefer quieter surroundings, fewer people, and even less spicy food.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":91,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":15,"token_start":9},{"end":163,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":96,"token_end":28,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Introverts",",","often","confused","with","shy","people",",","tend","to","be","more","sensitive","to","sensory","stimulants","and","prefer","quieter","surroundings",",","fewer","people",",","and","even","less","spicy","food","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,19,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Different places attract different people.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Different","places","attract","different","people","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Not everybody can easily make friends at a bar or a football game, not everybody finds a stroll through a park or a bookstore stimulating.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Not","everybody","can","easily","make","friends","at","a","bar","or","a","football","game",",","not","everybody","finds","a","stroll","through","a","park","or","a","bookstore","stimulating","."],"tags":[37,1,15,13,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Men especially form friendships around shared activities,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Men","especially","form","friendships","around","shared","activities",","],"tags":[1,13,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"but in general it's a good idea to go to places that feel comfortable, where there are people you might like, who do things you find interesting.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":144,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":29,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["but","in","general","it","'s","a","good","idea","to","go","to","places","that","feel","comfortable",",","where","there","are","people","you","might","like",",","who","do","things","you","find","interesting","."],"tags":[0,13,14,3,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Look for local clubs or opportunities to volunteer.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Look","for","local","clubs","or","opportunities","to","volunteer","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Check out what hobby stores are around and dust off your space marines, or see if there are new D&D groups in your city and ask if you could join one.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":149,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":31,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Check","out","what","hobby","stores","are","around","and","dust","off","your","space","marines",",","or","see","if","there","are","new","D&D","groups","in","your","city","and","ask","if","you","could","join","one","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,6,41,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Check meetup apps for gaming nights or wine tasting, join a sports club, or look for people who go hiking or want to cook together.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":76,"token_end":26,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Check","meetup","apps","for","gaming","nights","or","wine","tasting",",","join","a","sports","club",",","or","look","for","people","who","go","hiking","or","want","to","cook","together","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Another obvious avenue is your professional life.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Another","obvious","avenue","is","your","professional","life","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It helps if you work in a job that attracts people like you, so you might consider this when you choose a career.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":112,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["It","helps","if","you","work","in","a","job","that","attracts","people","like","you",",","so","you","might","consider","this","when","you","choose","a","career","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Deepening your relationship with colleagues can lead to great friendships, especially if you look for peers and there is no power imbalance.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":138,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Deepening","your","relationship","with","colleagues","can","lead","to","great","friendships",",","especially","if","you","look","for","peers","and","there","is","no","power","imbalance","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And of course, there are friends you've lost touch with.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","of","course",",","there","are","friends","you","'ve","lost","touch","with","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"You may be able to revive some of these relationships.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["You","may","be","able","to","revive","some","of","these","relationships","."],"tags":[1,15,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In some cases, all it needs is a call or an invitation.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","some","cases",",","all","it","needs","is","a","call","or","an","invitation","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Research shows that more often than not, the other person will appreciate that you've reached out.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Research","shows","that","more","often","than","not",",","the","other","person","will","appreciate","that","you","'ve","reached","out","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There are likely way more opportunities to spend time with others than you are aware of, and if there aren't, you can take the initiative and create them.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":15,"token_start":3},{"end":153,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":93,"token_end":30,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["There","are","likely","way","more","opportunities","to","spend","time","with","others","than","you","are","aware","of",",","and","if","there","are","n't",",","you","can","take","the","initiative","and","create","them","."],"tags":[3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Invitations are signals to start friendships, so bring people together by having a dinner party, organizing a football game after work, or starting a board game group.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":166,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":29,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Invitations","are","signals","to","start","friendships",",","so","bring","people","together","by","having","a","dinner","party",",","organizing","a","football","game","after","work",",","or","starting","a","board","game","group","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Everybody appreciates people who organize fun things, and the simple act of reaching out can kickstart a self-propelling upward spiral of well-being, fun, and connectedness","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":172,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":31,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Everybody","appreciates","people","who","organize","fun","things",",","and","the","simple","act","of","reaching","out","can","kickstart","a","self","-","propelling","upward","spiral","of","well","-","being",",","fun",",","and","connectedness"],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42]}
{"text":"that can seriously improve the life of everyone around you in meaningful ways.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["that","can","seriously","improve","the","life","of","everyone","around","you","in","meaningful","ways","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you meet someone you vibe with, it's pretty scary to make the first move, but they may feel the same way.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":24,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","you","meet","someone","you","vibe","with",",","it","'s","pretty","scary","to","make","the","first","move",",","but","they","may","feel","the","same","way","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So it's worth going for it.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","it","'s","worth","going","for","it","."],"tags":[0,3,21,11,1,2,2,0]}
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{"text":"Once you've formed early connections, check in whether they have important things happening in their life.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Once","you","'ve","formed","early","connections",",","check","in","whether","they","have","important","things","happening","in","their","life","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Of course, it's important not to be overbearing, but the more time you invest, the more opportunity you have to engage in meaningful banter or silly jokes.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":154,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":30,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Of","course",",","it","'s","important","not","to","be","overbearing",",","but","the","more","time","you","invest",",","the","more","opportunity","you","have","to","engage","in","meaningful","banter","or","silly","jokes","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The fact that friendships take time also means that you need to be patient and kind with yourself, especially if you're out of practice.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":135,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":25,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","fact","that","friendships","take","time","also","means","that","you","need","to","be","patient","and","kind","with","yourself",",","especially","if","you","'re","out","of","practice","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Things will not improve overnight, but slowly, step by step, if you keep up.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Things","will","not","improve","overnight",",","but","slowly",",","step","by","step",",","if","you","keep","up","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Open up, care, and share.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Open","up",",","care",",","and","share","."],"tags":[31,32,0,41,0,0,41,0]}
{"text":"Many people don't have an issue being around others, but struggle to turn acquaintances into friends.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Many","people","do","n't","have","an","issue","being","around","others",",","but","struggle","to","turn","acquaintances","into","friends","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So let's talk about two important principles that make it more likely that you'll connect.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":89,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","let","'s","talk","about","two","important","principles","that","make","it","more","likely","that","you","'ll","connect","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"In general, our favorite topic is ourselves and the things we care about, because we are literally at the center of our own universe.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":131,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":25,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["In","general",",","our","favorite","topic","is","ourselves","and","the","things","we","care","about",",","because","we","are","literally","at","the","center","of","our","own","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So people tend to like people who are genuinely interested in them.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","people","tend","to","like","people","who","are","genuinely","interested","in","them","."],"tags":[0,1,19,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"So if you want to make friends, your goal should be trying to learn what makes them tick.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","if","you","want","to","make","friends",",","your","goal","should","be","trying","to","learn","what","makes","them","tick","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Just as important as caring about others is reciprocity and openness.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Just","as","important","as","caring","about","others","is","reciprocity","and","openness","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"To connect, you need to share the experiences that made you, you.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["To","connect",",","you","need","to","share","the","experiences","that","made","you",",","you","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Now, you don't want to overwhelm the other person and immediately spill out your deepest secrets,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Now",",","you","do","n't","want","to","overwhelm","the","other","person","and","immediately","spill","out","your","deepest","secrets",","],"tags":[13,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"but open up a little and reveal personal things, because this also signals to others that it's okay to do the same.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["but","open","up","a","little","and","reveal","personal","things",",","because","this","also","signals","to","others","that","it","'s","okay","to","do","the","same","."],"tags":[0,31,32,13,14,0,41,42,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The best case is that you find shared experiences.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","best","case","is","that","you","find","shared","experiences","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Maybe you both had a hard time in school, maybe you share a passion for weird movies.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Maybe","you","both","had","a","hard","time","in","school",",","maybe","you","share","a","passion","for","weird","movies","."],"tags":[13,1,39,23,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Learning about others and sharing personal stories in a balanced way and not overdoing it is not an exact science.","spans":[{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":91,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":90,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":95,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":93,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":112,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Learning","about","others","and","sharing","personal","stories","in","a","balanced","way","and","not","overdoing","it","is","not","an","exact","science","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Noticing the line between opening up and oversharing requires practice and depends on the vibe of the conversation.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":53,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Noticing","the","line","between","opening","up","and","oversharing","requires","practice","and","depends","on","the","vibe","of","the","conversation","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"One of the perplexities of life is that to get something, it can be helpful to convince yourself that you want it less than you do.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":129,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":26,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["One","of","the","perplexities","of","life","is","that","to","get","something",",","it","can","be","helpful","to","convince","yourself","that","you","want","it","less","than","you","do","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In general, it's good to be laid back, have fun and enjoy yourself.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","general",",","it","'s","good","to","be","laid","back",",","have","fun","and","enjoy","yourself","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Do things for yourself without expectations, but also be open to social opportunities and accept invitations if they show up.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":124,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Do","things","for","yourself","without","expectations",",","but","also","be","open","to","social","opportunities","and","accept","invitations","if","they","show","up","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And that's basically it.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","that","'s","basically","it","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"Give friendships more priority in your life.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Give","friendships","more","priority","in","your","life","."],"tags":[19,9,7,8,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Check in with friends and regularly go to things to have fun.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Check","in","with","friends","and","regularly","go","to","things","to","have","fun","."],"tags":[31,32,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Show genuine interest in others and give them the opportunity to know you without selling yourself too hard.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Show","genuine","interest","in","others","and","give","them","the","opportunity","to","know","you","without","selling","yourself","too","hard","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you do this, you're on track.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["If","you","do","this",",","you","'re","on","track","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"If this sounds a bit scary, the good news is that human brains are hardwired to seek connection.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","this","sounds","a","bit","scary",",","the","good","news","is","that","human","brains","are","hardwired","to","seek","connection","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's perfectly normal to seek out new friends and there are many people who would welcome more close relationships.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","'s","perfectly","normal","to","seek","out","new","friends","and","there","are","many","people","who","would","welcome","more","close","relationships","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There are friendships up for grabs everywhere and there are plenty of people who will be so happy to have you in their life as a good friend.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":140,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":27,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["There","are","friendships","up","for","grabs","everywhere","and","there","are","plenty","of","people","who","will","be","so","happy","to","have","you","in","their","life","as","a","good","friend","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We want to be part of your friendship journey, so we've created a few things you can share with new and old friends.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":115,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","want","to","be","part","of","your","friendship","journey",",","so","we","'ve","created","a","few","things","you","can","share","with","new","and","old","friends","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you want to share something with your entire friend group, get a little bird pin for each of them.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","share","something","with","your","entire","friend","group",",","get","a","little","bird","pin","for","each","of","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They're all unique but fit together like pieces of a puzzle.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["They","'re","all","unique","but","fit","together","like","pieces","of","a","puzzle","."],"tags":[1,21,39,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Or get matching posters to let your friends know you're thinking of them.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Or","get","matching","posters","to","let","your","friends","know","you","'re","thinking","of","them","."],"tags":[0,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Or just browse all the science-y things we made for you.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Or","just","browse","all","the","science","-","y","things","we","made","for","you","."],"tags":[0,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you like videos like this, getting something from our shop is the best way to support us.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","like","videos","like","this",",","getting","something","from","our","shop","is","the","best","way","to","support","us","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Thank you for watching!","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","for","watching","!"],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If you saw a wormhole in reality, it would appear round, spherical, a bit like a black hole.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","you","saw","a","wormhole","in","reality",",","it","would","appear","round",",","spherical",",","a","bit","like","a","black","hole","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Light from the other side passes through and gives you a window to a faraway place.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Light","from","the","other","side","passes","through","and","gives","you","a","window","to","a","faraway","place","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,35,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Once crossed, the other side comes fully into view, with your old home now receding into that shimmering spherical window.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Once","crossed",",","the","other","side","comes","fully","into","view",",","with","your","old","home","now","receding","into","that","shimmering","spherical","window","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,25,13,35,36,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But are wormholes real, or are they just magic disguised as physics and maths?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":27,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","are","wormholes","real",",","or","are","they","just","magic","disguised","as","physics","and","maths","?"],"tags":[0,21,1,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If they are real, how do they work, and where can we find them?","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","they","are","real",",","how","do","they","work",",","and","where","can","we","find","them","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"For most of human history, we thought space was pretty simple.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","most","of","human","history",",","we","thought","space","was","pretty","simple","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Even if you take down the set of planets and stars, there's still something left.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Even","if","you","take","down","the","set","of","planets","and","stars",",","there","'s","still","something","left","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,13,1,2,0]}
{"text":"That empty stage is space, and it exists, unchanging and eternal.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["That","empty","stage","is","space",",","and","it","exists",",","unchanging","and","eternal","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Einstein's theory of relativity changed that.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Einstein","'s","theory","of","relativity","changed","that","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,5,0]}
{"text":"It says that space and time make up that stage together, and they aren't the same everywhere.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","says","that","space","and","time","make","up","that","stage","together",",","and","they","are","n't","the","same","everywhere","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The things on the stage can affect the stage itself, stretching and warping it.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","things","on","the","stage","can","affect","the","stage","itself",",","stretching","and","warping","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If the old stage was like unmoving hardwood, Einstein's stage is more like a waterbed.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","the","old","stage","was","like","unmoving","hardwood",",","Einstein","'s","stage","is","more","like","a","waterbed","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This kind of elastic space can be bent and maybe even torn and patched together, which could make wormholes possible.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","kind","of","elastic","space","can","be","bent","and","maybe","even","torn","and","patched","together",",","which","could","make","wormholes","possible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Let's see what that would look like in 2D.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","see","what","that","would","look","like","in","2D."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34]}
{"text":"Our universe is like a big, flat sheet.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Our","universe","is","like","a","big",",","flat","sheet","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Bent in just the right way, wormholes could connect two very, very distant spots with a short bridge that you could cross almost instantaneously, enabling you to travel the universe even faster than the speed of light.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":15,"token_start":10},{"end":216,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":39,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Bent","in","just","the","right","way",",","wormholes","could","connect","two","very",",","very","distant","spots","with","a","short","bridge","that","you","could","cross","almost","instantaneously",",","enabling","you","to","travel","the","universe","even","faster","than","the","speed","of","light","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, where can we find a wormhole?","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So",",","where","can","we","find","a","wormhole","?"],"tags":[0,0,13,15,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"General relativity says they might be possible, but that doesn't mean they have to exist.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["General","relativity","says","they","might","be","possible",",","but","that","does","n't","mean","they","have","to","exist","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"General relativity is a mathematical theory.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["General","relativity","is","a","mathematical","theory","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's a set of equations that have many possible answers, but not all maths describes reality.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","set","of","equations","that","have","many","possible","answers",",","but","not","all","maths","describes","reality","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But they are theoretically possible, and there are different kinds.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","they","are","theoretically","possible",",","and","there","are","different","kinds","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The first kind of wormholes to be theorized were Einstein-Rosen bridges.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","first","kind","of","wormholes","to","be","theorized","were","Einstein","-","Rosen","bridges","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They describe every black hole as a sort of portal to an infinite parallel universe.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":83,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["They","describe","every","black","hole","as","a","sort","of","portal","to","an","infinite","parallel","universe","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Let's try to picture them in 2D again.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","try","to","picture","them","in","2D","again","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Empty space-time is flat, but curved by objects on it.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Empty","space","-","time","is","flat",",","but","curved","by","objects","on","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If we compress that object, space-time gets more curved around it.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["If","we","compress","that","object",",","space","-","time","gets","more","curved","around","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Eventually, space-time becomes so warped that it has no choice but to collapse into a black hole.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Eventually",",","space","-","time","becomes","so","warped","that","it","has","no","choice","but","to","collapse","into","a","black","hole","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A one-way barrier forms, the event horizon, which anything can enter, but nothing can escape.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","one","-","way","barrier","forms",",","the","event","horizon",",","which","anything","can","enter",",","but","nothing","can","escape","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But maybe there is no singularity here.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","maybe","there","is","no","singularity","here","."],"tags":[0,13,3,21,1,2,13,0]}
{"text":"One possibility is that the other side of the event horizon looks a bit like our universe again, but mirrored upside down, where time runs backwards.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":147,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":27,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["One","possibility","is","that","the","other","side","of","the","event","horizon","looks","a","bit","like","our","universe","again",",","but","mirrored","upside","down",",","where","time","runs","backwards","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In our universe, things fall into the black hole.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","our","universe",",","things","fall","into","the","black","hole","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the parallel universe, with backwards time, the mirror black hole is spewing things out, a bit like a big bang.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":90,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":87,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":23,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["In","the","parallel","universe",",","with","backwards","time",",","the","mirror","black","hole","is","spewing","things","out",",","a","bit","like","a","big","bang","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,27,5,35,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is called a white hole.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","called","a","white","hole","."],"tags":[1,15,29,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, Einstein-Rosen bridges can't actually be crossed.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","Einstein","-","Rosen","bridges","ca","n't","actually","be","crossed","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,15,37,13,15,29,0]}
{"text":"It takes an infinite amount of time to cross over to the opposite universe, and they crimp shut in the middle.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":80,"token_end":21,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["It","takes","an","infinite","amount","of","time","to","cross","over","to","the","opposite","universe",",","and","they","crimp","shut","in","the","middle","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you go into a black hole, you won't become the stuff coming out of the white hole.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":37,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","you","go","into","a","black","hole",",","you","wo","n't","become","the","stuff","coming","out","of","the","white","hole","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You'll only become dead.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","'ll","only","become","dead","."],"tags":[1,15,13,21,11,0]}
{"text":"So, to travel the cosmos in the blink of an eye, humans need a different kind of wormhole, a traversable wormhole.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["So",",","to","travel","the","cosmos","in","the","blink","of","an","eye",",","humans","need","a","different","kind","of","wormhole",",","a","traversable","wormhole","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If string theory or one of its variations is the correct description of our universe, then we could be lucky, and our universe might even have a tangled web of countless wormholes already.","spans":[{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":93,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":99,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":94,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":102,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":100,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":108,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":103,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":187,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":114,"token_end":34,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["If","string","theory","or","one","of","its","variations","is","the","correct","description","of","our","universe",",","then","we","could","be","lucky",",","and","our","universe","might","even","have","a","tangled","web","of","countless","wormholes","already","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Shortly after the big bang, quantum fluctuations in the universe at the smallest scales, far, far smaller than an atom, may have created many, many traversable wormholes.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":118,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":22,"token_start":6},{"end":123,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":120,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":128,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":124,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":136,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":129,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":169,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":137,"token_end":31,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["Shortly","after","the","big","bang",",","quantum","fluctuations","in","the","universe","at","the","smallest","scales",",","far",",","far","smaller","than","an","atom",",","may","have","created","many",",","many","traversable","wormholes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Threaded through them are strings, called cosmic strings.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Threaded","through","them","are","strings",",","called","cosmic","strings","."],"tags":[29,13,14,15,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In the first billionth of a trillionth of a second after the big bang, the ends of these tiny, tiny wormholes were pulled light-years apart, scattering them through the universe.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":109,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":22,"token_start":15},{"end":114,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":110,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":121,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":115,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":122,"token_end":27,"token_start":25},{"end":139,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":134,"token_end":28,"token_start":28},{"end":177,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":141,"token_end":34,"token_start":30}],"tokens":["In","the","first","billionth","of","a","trillionth","of","a","second","after","the","big","bang",",","the","ends","of","these","tiny",",","tiny","wormholes","were","pulled","light","-","years","apart",",","scattering","them","through","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,35,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If wormholes were made in the early universe, whether with cosmic strings or some other way, they could be all over, just waiting to be discovered.","spans":[{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":96,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":102,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":98,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":105,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":104,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":114,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":22,"token_start":21},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":117,"token_end":28,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["If","wormholes","were","made","in","the","early","universe",",","whether","with","cosmic","strings","or","some","other","way",",","they","could","be","all","over",",","just","waiting","to","be","discovered","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One might even be closer than we realize.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["One","might","even","be","closer","than","we","realize","."],"tags":[1,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"From the outside, black holes and wormholes can look very similar, leading some physicists to suggest the supermassive black holes in the center of galaxies are actually wormholes.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":178,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":29,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["From","the","outside",",","black","holes","and","wormholes","can","look","very","similar",",","leading","some","physicists","to","suggest","the","supermassive","black","holes","in","the","center","of","galaxies","are","actually","wormholes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It will be very hard to go all the way to the center of the Milky Way to find out, though, but that's okay.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":19,"token_start":5},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":95,"token_end":26,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["It","will","be","very","hard","to","go","all","the","way","to","the","center","of","the","Milky","Way","to","find","out",",","though",",","but","that","'s","okay","."],"tags":[3,15,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,13,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There might be an equally extremely hard way to get our hands on a wormhole.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","might","be","an","equally","extremely","hard","way","to","get","our","hands","on","a","wormhole","."],"tags":[3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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{"text":"To be traversable and useful, there are a few properties we want a wormhole to have.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["To","be","traversable","and","useful",",","there","are","a","few","properties","we","want","a","wormhole","to","have","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"First, it must obviously connect two distant parts of space-time, like your bedroom and the bathroom, or Earth and Jupiter.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":121,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":24,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["First",",","it","must","obviously","connect","two","distant","parts","of","space","-","time",",","like","your","bedroom","and","the","bathroom",",","or","Earth","and","Jupiter","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Second, it should not contain any event horizons, which would block two-way travel.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Second",",","it","should","not","contain","any","event","horizons",",","which","would","block","two","-","way","travel","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Third, it should be sufficiently sized so that the gravitational forces don't kill human travelers.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Third",",","it","should","be","sufficiently","sized","so","that","the","gravitational","forces","do","n't","kill","human","travelers","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The biggest problem we have to solve is keeping our wormholes open.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","biggest","problem","we","have","to","solve","is","keeping","our","wormholes","open","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,6,33,0]}
{"text":"No matter how we make wormholes, gravity tries to close them.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["No","matter","how","we","make","wormholes",",","gravity","tries","to","close","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Gravity wants to pinch it closed and cut the bridge, leaving only black holes at the ends.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Gravity","wants","to","pinch","it","closed","and","cut","the","bridge",",","leaving","only","black","holes","at","the","ends","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Whether it's a traversable wormhole with both ends in ours, or a wormhole to another universe, it will try to close unless we have something propping it open.","spans":[{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":97,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":102,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":98,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":106,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":103,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":115,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":23,"token_start":22},{"end":157,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":116,"token_end":30,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["Whether","it","'s","a","traversable","wormhole","with","both","ends","in","ours",",","or","a","wormhole","to","another","universe",",","it","will","try","to","close","unless","we","have","something","propping","it","open","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For very old string theory wormholes, that's the cosmic strings job.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["For","very","old","string","theory","wormholes",",","that","'s","the","cosmic","strings","job","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"For man-made wormholes, we need a new ingredient.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","man","-","made","wormholes",",","we","need","a","new","ingredient","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This isn't anything like we find on Earth, or even antimatter.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","n't","anything","like","we","find","on","Earth",",","or","even","antimatter","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's something totally new and different and exciting, with crazy properties like nothing that's ever been seen before.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":117,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","something","totally","new","and","different","and","exciting",",","with","crazy","properties","like","nothing","that","'s","ever","been","seen","before","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Exotic matter is stuff that has negative mass.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Exotic","matter","is","stuff","that","has","negative","mass","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Positive mass, like people and planets and everything else in the universe, is attractive because of gravity.","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":78,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Positive","mass",",","like","people","and","planets","and","everything","else","in","the","universe",",","is","attractive","because","of","gravity","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,21,11,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But negative mass would be repulsive.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","negative","mass","would","be","repulsive","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It would push you away.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","would","push","you","away","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,35,0]}
{"text":"This makes a kind of anti-gravity that props open our wormholes.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","makes","a","kind","of","anti","-","gravity","that","props","open","our","wormholes","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And exotic matter must exert enormous pressure to push spacetime open, greater even than the pressure at the centers of neutron stars.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":22,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","exotic","matter","must","exert","enormous","pressure","to","push","spacetime","open",",","greater","even","than","the","pressure","at","the","centers","of","neutron","stars","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"With exotic matter, we could weave spacetime however we see fit.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["With","exotic","matter",",","we","could","weave","spacetime","however","we","see","fit","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We may even have a candidate for this exotic matter, the vacuum of space itself.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","may","even","have","a","candidate","for","this","exotic","matter",",","the","vacuum","of","space","itself","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Quantum fluctuations in empty space are constantly creating pairs of particles and antiparticles, only for them to be annihilated an instant later.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Quantum","fluctuations","in","empty","space","are","constantly","creating","pairs","of","particles","and","antiparticles",",","only","for","them","to","be","annihilated","an","instant","later","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,13,27,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The vacuum of space is boiling with them, and we can already manipulate them to produce an effect similar to the negative mass we're looking for.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":27,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","vacuum","of","space","is","boiling","with","them",",","and","we","can","already","manipulate","them","to","produce","an","effect","similar","to","the","negative","mass","we","'re","looking","for","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,27,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We could use this to stabilize our wormholes.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","could","use","this","to","stabilize","our","wormholes","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Once we're keeping it open, the ends would start together, so we'd have to move them around to interesting places.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Once","we","'re","keeping","it","open",",","the","ends","would","start","together",",","so","we","'d","have","to","move","them","around","to","interesting","places","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We could start by wiring the solar system, leaving one end of each wormhole in orbit around the Earth.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","could","start","by","wiring","the","solar","system",",","leaving","one","end","of","each","wormhole","in","orbit","around","the","Earth","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We could fling others into deep space.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","could","fling","others","into","deep","space","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The Earth could be a wormhole hub for a vast interstellar human civilization, spread over light-years, but only a wormhole away.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":126,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":24,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","Earth","could","be","a","wormhole","hub","for","a","vast","interstellar","human","civilization",",","spread","over","light","-","years",",","but","only","a","wormhole","away","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"However, wormholes have a dark side.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["However",",","wormholes","have","a","dark","side","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Even opening a single wormhole kind of breaks the universe in fundamental ways, potentially creating time travel paradoxes and violating the causal structure of the universe.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":172,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":26,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Even","opening","a","single","wormhole","kind","of","breaks","the","universe","in","fundamental","ways",",","potentially","creating","time","travel","paradoxes","and","violating","the","causal","structure","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,13,14,25,5,6,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Many scientists think that this not only means they should be impossible to make, but that it's impossible for them to exist at all.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":131,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Many","scientists","think","that","this","not","only","means","they","should","be","impossible","to","make",",","but","that","it","'s","impossible","for","them","to","exist","at","all","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So, for now, we only know that wormholes exist in our hearts, and on paper in the form of equations.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So",",","for","now",",","we","only","know","that","wormholes","exist","in","our","hearts",",","and","on","paper","in","the","form","of","equations","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We know you want to know more about universe stuff, so we're trying something new.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","know","you","want","to","know","more","about","universe","stuff",",","so","we","'re","trying","something","new","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Kurzgesagt and Brilliant are collaborating on a six-part video series about our favorite science and space things.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Kurzgesagt","and","Brilliant","are","collaborating","on","a","six","-","part","video","series","about","our","favorite","science","and","space","things","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Thanks to their help, there will be more videos on this channel in the next six months.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Thanks","to","their","help",",","there","will","be","more","videos","on","this","channel","in","the","next","six","months","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,15,21,1,2,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Kurzgesagt has worked with Brilliant for a while now, and we love what they're doing.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":84,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Kurzgesagt","has","worked","with","Brilliant","for","a","while","now",",","and","we","love","what","they","'re","doing","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, Brilliant helps you to get ahead by mastering maths and science skills through actively solving challenging and fascinating problems.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":147,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","Brilliant","helps","you","to","get","ahead","by","mastering","maths","and","science","skills","through","actively","solving","challenging","and","fascinating","problems","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"To support our collaboration with them, visit brilliant.org\/nutshell and sign up for free today.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["To","support","our","collaboration","with","them",",","visit","brilliant.org\/nutshell","and","sign","up","for","free","today","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The first 688 people that use the link will get 20% off their annual premium subscription.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","first","688","people","that","use","the","link","will","get","20","%","off","their","annual","premium","subscription","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Nuclear energy creates an uneasy feeling of danger for many people.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Nuclear","energy","creates","an","uneasy","feeling","of","danger","for","many","people","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Ancient and dangerous minerals are concentrated to awaken seemingly unnatural powers, creating horribly toxic elements that if they escape, can and have killed people in horrible ways.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":182,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":28,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Ancient","and","dangerous","minerals","are","concentrated","to","awaken","seemingly","unnatural","powers",",","creating","horribly","toxic","elements","that","if","they","escape",",","can","and","have","killed","people","in","horrible","ways","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"How many people has nuclear energy killed, and how?","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["How","many","people","has","nuclear","energy","killed",",","and","how","?"],"tags":[5,6,6,15,1,2,29,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Nuclear energy has been a thing since 1951, and since then, there have been around 30 reported accidents globally.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Nuclear","energy","has","been","a","thing","since","1951",",","and","since","then",",","there","have","been","around","30","reported","accidents","globally","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Most of them were pretty minor compared to the two disasters everybody is familiar with, Fukushima and Chernobyl.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Most","of","them","were","pretty","minor","compared","to","the","two","disasters","everybody","is","familiar","with",",","Fukushima","and","Chernobyl","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Chernobyl is undoubtedly the worst nuclear accident in history for a number of reasons.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Chernobyl","is","undoubtedly","the","worst","nuclear","accident","in","history","for","a","number","of","reasons","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The reactor technology was old and ill-prepared for emergencies, and the government response was slow and more concerned about image than damage control.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":152,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":25,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","reactor","technology","was","old","and","ill","-","prepared","for","emergencies",",","and","the","government","response","was","slow","and","more","concerned","about","image","than","damage","control","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Still, only 31 people died directly in the accident.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Still",",","only","31","people","died","directly","in","the","accident","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,23,13,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But what makes nuclear energy scary is not reactors blowing up, but the radiation they release.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","what","makes","nuclear","energy","scary","is","not","reactors","blowing","up",",","but","the","radiation","they","release","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So the real question is how many deaths through cancer and other diseases will Chernobyl cause?","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","the","real","question","is","how","many","deaths","through","cancer","and","other","diseases","will","Chernobyl","cause","?"],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Here things get really complicated because you dip right into controversy, and just discussing the different estimates and how they were calculated deserves a video of its own.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":175,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":28,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Here","things","get","really","complicated","because","you","dip","right","into","controversy",",","and","just","discussing","the","different","estimates","and","how","they","were","calculated","deserves","a","video","of","its","own","."],"tags":[13,1,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The most pessimistic estimate comes from a study commissioned by the European Green Party and projects up to 60,000 premature deaths by the year 2065.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":5},{"end":149,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":94,"token_end":24,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","most","pessimistic","estimate","comes","from","a","study","commissioned","by","the","European","Green","Party","and","projects","up","to","60,000","premature","deaths","by","the","year","2065","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Most scientific studies come up with numbers much lower than this.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Most","scientific","studies","come","up","with","numbers","much","lower","than","this","."],"tags":[1,2,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The WHO has estimated that in total, the long-term death toll will be around 4,000.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","WHO","has","estimated","that","in","total",",","the","long","-","term","death","toll","will","be","around","4,000","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"While the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation concluded that even this figure could be too high.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":69,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["While","the","UN","Scientific","Committee","on","the","Effects","of","Atomic","Radiation","concluded","that","even","this","figure","could","be","too","high","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For more details on this, check our research document.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["For","more","details","on","this",",","check","our","research","document","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The second big nuclear accident was Fukushima Daiichi in 2011.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","second","big","nuclear","accident","was","Fukushima","Daiichi","in","2011","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Fukushima did not only operate with much better technology that was less dangerous in the first place, much better security measures were in place, and the official response was fast and decisive.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":16,"token_start":5},{"end":146,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":103,"token_end":24,"token_start":18},{"end":195,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":152,"token_end":33,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["Fukushima","did","not","only","operate","with","much","better","technology","that","was","less","dangerous","in","the","first","place",",","much","better","security","measures","were","in","place",",","and","the","official","response","was","fast","and","decisive","."],"tags":[1,15,37,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And so the current death toll is only 573.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","so","the","current","death","toll","is","only","573","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The major difference here is that these deaths were not a consequence of radiation.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","major","difference","here","is","that","these","deaths","were","not","a","consequence","of","radiation","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They were indirect deaths from the stress of the evacuation of the areas around the reactors and occurred almost entirely in older populations.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":15,"token_start":2},{"end":142,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":97,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["They","were","indirect","deaths","from","the","stress","of","the","evacuation","of","the","areas","around","the","reactors","and","occurred","almost","entirely","in","older","populations","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Estimates of the possible long-term deaths from radiation vary widely, from none at all to about 1,000.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Estimates","of","the","possible","long","-","term","deaths","from","radiation","vary","widely",",","from","none","at","all","to","about","1,000","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In terms of the other long-term consequences, an increase in thyroid cancer in children has been observed, but according to the WHO, this is related to the increased screening rate.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":16,"token_start":10},{"end":91,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":88,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":96,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":92,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":105,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":97,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":180,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":111,"token_end":34,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["In","terms","of","the","other","long","-","term","consequences",",","an","increase","in","thyroid","cancer","in","children","has","been","observed",",","but","according","to","the","WHO",",","this","is","related","to","the","increased","screening","rate","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"By 2018, there had been only one confirmed death among workers as a result of radiation-induced lung cancer.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":107,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["By","2018",",","there","had","been","only","one","confirmed","death","among","workers","as","a","result","of","radiation","-","induced","lung","cancer","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Now, let's compare this to renewable energy.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Now",",","let","'s","compare","this","to","renewable","energy","."],"tags":[13,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Solar, wind, and geothermal energy basically only cause deaths as a result of construction and maintenance accidents.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Solar",",","wind",",","and","geothermal","energy","basically","only","cause","deaths","as","a","result","of","construction","and","maintenance","accidents","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,13,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, their current share of global energy is pretty low.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","their","current","share","of","global","energy","is","pretty","low","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The major player in renewable energy is hydropower, which mostly means building dams and letting water flow through turbines from a higher elevation to a lower elevation.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":168,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":27,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","major","player","in","renewable","energy","is","hydropower",",","which","mostly","means","building","dams","and","letting","water","flow","through","turbines","from","a","higher","elevation","to","a","lower","elevation","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In total, hydro has been the most fatal in terms of accidents, with hundreds of thousands of deaths in the last half-century.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","total",",","hydro","has","been","the","most","fatal","in","terms","of","accidents",",","with","hundreds","of","thousands","of","deaths","in","the","last","half","-","century","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One accident clearly stands out, the 1975 Banqiao hydroelectric dam failure in China, which has striking similarities to Chernobyl.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":130,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["One","accident","clearly","stands","out",",","the","1975","Banqiao","hydroelectric","dam","failure","in","China",",","which","has","striking","similarities","to","Chernobyl","."],"tags":[1,2,13,31,32,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, a massive typhoon triggered intense flooding that destroyed the dam and, subsequently, a number of smaller dams in a chain reaction, unleashing a flood of over 15 billion cubic meters of water in total.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":215,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":40,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","a","massive","typhoon","triggered","intense","flooding","that","destroyed","the","dam","and",",","subsequently",",","a","number","of","smaller","dams","in","a","chain","reaction",",","unleashing","a","flood","of","over","15","billion","cubic","meters","of","water","in","total","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Kilometer-wide waves as high as buildings devastated thousands of square kilometers of countryside and countless communities.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":123,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Kilometer","-","wide","waves","as","high","as","buildings","devastated","thousands","of","square","kilometers","of","countryside","and","countless","communities","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"All in all, the death toll from just this one accident and its direct consequences is estimated to lie between 85,000 to 240,000.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":15,"token_start":4},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":83,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":95,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":86,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":128,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":23,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["All","in","all",",","the","death","toll","from","just","this","one","accident","and","its","direct","consequences","is","estimated","to","lie","between","85,000","to","240,000","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But all of these deaths caused by nuclear and renewable energy are actually negligible in comparison to the real killer energy source, fossil fuel, the most widely used source of energy and electricity.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":66,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":201,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":34,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","all","of","these","deaths","caused","by","nuclear","and","renewable","energy","are","actually","negligible","in","comparison","to","the","real","killer","energy","source",",","fossil","fuel",",","the","most","widely","used","source","of","energy","and","electricity","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When we burn fossil fuels to heat up water and make turbines spin, or to cause mini-explosions to move cars with internal combustion engines,","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":26,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["When","we","burn","fossil","fuels","to","heat","up","water","and","make","turbines","spin",",","or","to","cause","mini","-","explosions","to","move","cars","with","internal","combustion","engines",","],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"gases like ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide are released into the atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["gases","like","ozone",",","sulfur","dioxide",",","carbon","monoxide",",","and","nitrogen","dioxide","are","released","into","the","atmosphere","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Breathing in these gases disrupts lung function, which aggravates chronic conditions like asthma and bronchitis, and causes a wide range of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":15,"token_start":5},{"end":179,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":117,"token_end":26,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Breathing","in","these","gases","disrupts","lung","function",",","which","aggravates","chronic","conditions","like","asthma","and","bronchitis",",","and","causes","a","wide","range","of","respiratory","and","cardiovascular","diseases","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But even more dangerous is the fine particle pollution burning fossil fuels causes.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","even","more","dangerous","is","the","fine","particle","pollution","burning","fossil","fuels","causes","."],"tags":[0,11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"They easily find their way deep into your lungs and increase the risk of deadly diseases like lung cancer, stroke, and heart disease.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":132,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["They","easily","find","their","way","deep","into","your","lungs","and","increase","the","risk","of","deadly","diseases","like","lung","cancer",",","stroke",",","and","heart","disease","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Fossil fuel-related air pollution is the number one cause of environmental-related deaths in the world.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Fossil","fuel","-","related","air","pollution","is","the","number","one","cause","of","environmental","-","related","deaths","in","the","world","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"According to the WHO, it accounts for 29% of all cases of lung cancer, 17% of deaths from acute lower respiratory infection, 24% from stroke, 25% from ischemic heart disease, and 43% from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":225,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":46,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["According","to","the","WHO",",","it","accounts","for","29","%","of","all","cases","of","lung","cancer",",","17","%","of","deaths","from","acute","lower","respiratory","infection",",","24","%","from","stroke",",","25","%","from","ischemic","heart","disease",",","and","43","%","from","chronic","obstructive","pulmonary","disease","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"All in all, outside air pollution adds up to the deaths of 4 million people each year.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["All","in","all",",","outside","air","pollution","adds","up","to","the","deaths","of","4","million","people","each","year","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What makes air pollution especially problematic and sinister is the fact that the damage it causes happens very gradually,","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":120,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["What","makes","air","pollution","especially","problematic","and","sinister","is","the","fact","that","the","damage","it","causes","happens","very","gradually",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Collectively, air pollution from fossil fuels is estimated to have killed around 100 million people in the past 50 years.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":120,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Collectively",",","air","pollution","from","fossil","fuels","is","estimated","to","have","killed","around","100","million","people","in","the","past","50","years","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But wait, is that really fair?","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","wait",",","is","that","really","fair","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,21,1,13,11,0]}
{"text":"Fossil fuels also provide over 80% of global energy, so it makes sense that they cause the most deaths.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Fossil","fuels","also","provide","over","80","%","of","global","energy",",","so","it","makes","sense","that","they","cause","the","most","deaths","."],"tags":[1,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So let's compare deaths per energy unit.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","let","'s","compare","deaths","per","energy","unit","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"A few studies have compared the death rates from different energy sources per 1 terawatt hour.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","few","studies","have","compared","the","death","rates","from","different","energy","sources","per","1","terawatt","hour","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That's about the annual energy consumption of 27,000 EU citizens, or 12,600 US citizens.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","about","the","annual","energy","consumption","of","27,000","EU","citizens",",","or","12,600","US","citizens","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"To produce that much energy for one year, coal causes 25 deaths, oil causes 18, and natural gas, 3.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","produce","that","much","energy","for","one","year",",","coal","causes","25","deaths",",","oil","causes","18",",","and","natural","gas",",","3","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Renewable energy causes 1 death every few decades.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Renewable","energy","causes","1","death","every","few","decades","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And nuclear, in the worst case, nuclear energy would cause 1 death every 14 years.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["And","nuclear",",","in","the","worst","case",",","nuclear","energy","would","cause","1","death","every","14","years","."],"tags":[0,0,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One study even found that nuclear energy actually saved 2 million lives between 1971 and 2009 by displacing fossil fuels from the global energy mix.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":147,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":24,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["One","study","even","found","that","nuclear","energy","actually","saved","2","million","lives","between","1971","and","2009","by","displacing","fossil","fuels","from","the","global","energy","mix","."],"tags":[1,2,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The numbers are clear.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","numbers","are","clear","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Even when using wildly pessimistic numbers, nuclear energy is among the safest forms of energy generation,","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Even","when","using","wildly","pessimistic","numbers",",","nuclear","energy","is","among","the","safest","forms","of","energy","generation",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"and at a time when we're struggling to slow down rapid climate change, it's a really valuable low-carbon option.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":13,"token_start":1},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":75,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":111,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["and","at","a","time","when","we","'re","struggling","to","slow","down","rapid","climate","change",",","it","'s","a","really","valuable","low","-","carbon","option","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"However, all these facts still leave one major argument that is fielded against nuclear power.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["However",",","all","these","facts","still","leave","one","major","argument","that","is","fielded","against","nuclear","power","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Opponents of nuclear energy argue that nuclear waste and its lack of long-term storage solutions is an unacceptable problem and risk,","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":132,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":22,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Opponents","of","nuclear","energy","argue","that","nuclear","waste","and","its","lack","of","long","-","term","storage","solutions","is","an","unacceptable","problem","and","risk",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"while proponents of nuclear energy say that until renewable energies are able to cover the complete energy demands of mankind,","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":125,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["while","proponents","of","nuclear","energy","say","that","until","renewable","energies","are","able","to","cover","the","complete","energy","demands","of","mankind",","],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"it's arguably safer to store nuclear waste for the time being than to inhale poisonous gases and promote rapid climate change.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["it","'s","arguably","safer","to","store","nuclear","waste","for","the","time","being","than","to","inhale","poisonous","gases","and","promote","rapid","climate","change","."],"tags":[3,21,13,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But a detailed discussion about nuclear waste would go too far here.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","a","detailed","discussion","about","nuclear","waste","would","go","too","far","here","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,13,0]}
{"text":"Let us know if you'd like a whole video about it.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","us","know","if","you","'d","like","a","whole","video","about","it","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"So looking at the comparative death rates, it's a bit concerning that some countries are replacing nuclear energy with fossil fuels, mostly coal.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":144,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":25,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","looking","at","the","comparative","death","rates",",","it","'s","a","bit","concerning","that","some","countries","are","replacing","nuclear","energy","with","fossil","fuels",",","mostly","coal","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Especially Germany and Japan have been the most active in dismantling their nuclear fleet.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Especially","Germany","and","Japan","have","been","the","most","active","in","dismantling","their","nuclear","fleet","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In a ploy to appease the public, the German government shut down 11 of its 17 nuclear facilities and plans to close the remaining reactors in 2022.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":18,"token_start":13},{"end":146,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":101,"token_end":27,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["In","a","ploy","to","appease","the","public",",","the","German","government","shut","down","11","of","its","17","nuclear","facilities","and","plans","to","close","the","remaining","reactors","in","2022","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The immediate gap in energy production was filled by temporarily increasing coal production, the energy source with the largest health impacts and the worst consequences for climate change.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":187,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":28,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","immediate","gap","in","energy","production","was","filled","by","temporarily","increasing","coal","production",",","the","energy","source","with","the","largest","health","impacts","and","the","worst","consequences","for","climate","change","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A 2019 analysis concluded that as a consequence, the nuclear phase-out has led to 1,100 avoidable deaths per year in Germany due to the increased air pollution in the years after 2010.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":183,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":34,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","2019","analysis","concluded","that","as","a","consequence",",","the","nuclear","phase","-","out","has","led","to","1,100","avoidable","deaths","per","year","in","Germany","due","to","the","increased","air","pollution","in","the","years","after","2010","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So in conclusion, nuclear energy feels way more dangerous than it actually is.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","in","conclusion",",","nuclear","energy","feels","way","more","dangerous","than","it","actually","is","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"No matter how you look at it, the one thing we should strive to get rid of as quickly as possible are fossil fuels to prevent the deaths they cause each year and to slow down climate change.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":96,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":21,"token_start":8},{"end":100,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":98,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":113,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":24,"token_start":23},{"end":188,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":115,"token_end":38,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["No","matter","how","you","look","at","it",",","the","one","thing","we","should","strive","to","get","rid","of","as","quickly","as","possible","are","fossil","fuels","to","prevent","the","deaths","they","cause","each","year","and","to","slow","down","climate","change","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Regardless of how much you personally care about climate change issues or which energy source you favor, saving millions of lives should be something we can all agree on.","spans":[{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":128,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":21,"token_start":18},{"end":135,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":130,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":138,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":137,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":168,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":140,"token_end":29,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["Regardless","of","how","much","you","personally","care","about","climate","change","issues","or","which","energy","source","you","favor",",","saving","millions","of","lives","should","be","something","we","can","all","agree","on","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Maybe you've actually made some kind of resolution to try and be more sustainable this year.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Maybe","you","'ve","actually","made","some","kind","of","resolution","to","try","and","be","more","sustainable","this","year","."],"tags":[13,1,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Or maybe your goals are more about you as a person and you'd like to pick up some new skills.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Or","maybe","your","goals","are","more","about","you","as","a","person","and","you","'d","like","to","pick","up","some","new","skills","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Still being stuck mostly inside is the perfect time to work on that plan.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Still","being","stuck","mostly","inside","is","the","perfect","time","to","work","on","that","plan","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We've partnered with Skillshare, an online learning community that offers thousands of classes for all skill levels in tons of creative skills like illustration, animation or film and video.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":188,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":31,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'ve","partnered","with","Skillshare",",","an","online","learning","community","that","offers","thousands","of","classes","for","all","skill","levels","in","tons","of","creative","skills","like","illustration",",","animation","or","film","and","video","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But you could also dive into classes about productivity, growing houseplants or interior design, all perfect for making your time at home more enjoyable and learning something new.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","you","could","also","dive","into","classes","about","productivity",",","growing","houseplants","or","interior","design",",","all","perfect","for","making","your","time","at","home","more","enjoyable","and","learning","something","new","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"You get unlimited access to all classes for less than $10 a month with an annual premium membership.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["You","get","unlimited","access","to","all","classes","for","less","than","$","10","a","month","with","an","annual","premium","membership","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And the first 1,000 Kurzgesagt viewers to click the link in the description will get a free trial.","spans":[{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":81,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","the","first","1,000","Kurzgesagt","viewers","to","click","the","link","in","the","description","will","get","a","free","trial","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And if you can't decide which class to take, maybe get started with something super practical like learning how to best approach your creative process.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":150,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":26,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["And","if","you","ca","n't","decide","which","class","to","take",",","maybe","get","started","with","something","super","practical","like","learning","how","to","best","approach","your","creative","process","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We liked Productivity for Creatives \u2013 Build a system that brings out your best by Thomas Frank.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","liked","Productivity","for","Creatives","\u2013","Build","a","system","that","brings","out","your","best","by","Thomas","Frank","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But whatever makes you feel good and gives you new ideas is worth a try.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","whatever","makes","you","feel","good","and","gives","you","new","ideas","is","worth","a","try","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you want to get creative with new skills and support Kurzgesagt, give it a go.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":79,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","get","creative","with","new","skills","and","support","Kurzgesagt",",","give","it","a","go","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,9,7,8,0]}
{"text":"You're not a person.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","'re","not","a","person","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"You're a planet, made of roughly 40 trillion cells.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","'re","a","planet",",","made","of","roughly","40","trillion","cells","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There is so much of you, that if your cells were human-sized, you'd be as big as 20 Mount Everests.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":24,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","so","much","of","you",",","that","if","your","cells","were","human","-","sized",",","you","'d","be","as","big","as","20","Mount","Everests","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"For your creepy-crawly inhabitants, this makes your body an ecosystem, rich in resources and warmth and space.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":109,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["For","your","creepy","-","crawly","inhabitants",",","this","makes","your","body","an","ecosystem",",","rich","in","resources","and","warmth","and","space","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Your immune system is the guardian of this planet, the force tasked with protecting yourself against the constant danger of invasion.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":131,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","immune","system","is","the","guardian","of","this","planet",",","the","force","tasked","with","protecting","yourself","against","the","constant","danger","of","invasion","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, your enemies in the tiny world have a huge advantage.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","your","enemies","in","the","tiny","world","have","a","huge","advantage","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Consider the effort it takes to make a single copy of yourself and your trillions of cells.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Consider","the","effort","it","takes","to","make","a","single","copy","of","yourself","and","your","trillions","of","cells","."],"tags":[19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"First, you need to find someone who thinks you're cute.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["First",",","you","need","to","find","someone","who","thinks","you","'re","cute","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Date and be awkward, and if things work out in a complicated dance, two of your cells merge together.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Date","and","be","awkward",",","and","if","things","work","out","in","a","complicated","dance",",","two","of","your","cells","merge","together","."],"tags":[19,0,41,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Then you need to wait for months, while the cell multiplies over and over until it's released into the world as a human being.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":25,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Then","you","need","to","wait","for","months",",","while","the","cell","multiplies","over","and","over","until","it","'s","released","into","the","world","as","a","human","being","."],"tags":[13,1,19,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And even then, you only have a mini-copy that needs years to become remotely useful.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","even","then",",","you","only","have","a","mini","-","copy","that","needs","years","to","become","remotely","useful","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A bacterium consists of one cell.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","bacterium","consists","of","one","cell","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,6,0]}
{"text":"It can make a fully-grown copy in about half an hour.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","can","make","a","fully","-","grown","copy","in","about","half","an","hour","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A virus can turn into hundreds within hours, and billions within days.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","virus","can","turn","into","hundreds","within","hours",",","and","billions","within","days","."],"tags":[1,2,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Your enemies multiply orders of magnitude faster than you.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Your","enemies","multiply","orders","of","magnitude","faster","than","you","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even worse, for a bacterium or virus, your body is a hostile ecosystem applying selective pressure.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Even","worse",",","for","a","bacterium","or","virus",",","your","body","is","a","hostile","ecosystem","applying","selective","pressure","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Because they go through so many generations so quickly, eventually, by pure chance,","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Because","they","go","through","so","many","generations","so","quickly",",","eventually",",","by","pure","chance",","],"tags":[0,1,31,32,5,6,6,13,14,0,13,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"there will be an individual that mutates and adapts in just the right way to resist your defenses and then multiply quickly again.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":129,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":22,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["there","will","be","an","individual","that","mutates","and","adapts","in","just","the","right","way","to","resist","your","defenses","and","then","multiply","quickly","again","."],"tags":[3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In other words, you're facing a sheer endless variety of different enemies, and you're too slow to keep up with their evolution.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":80,"token_end":25,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["In","other","words",",","you","'re","facing","a","sheer","endless","variety","of","different","enemies",",","and","you","'re","too","slow","to","keep","up","with","their","evolution","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is bad.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","bad","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Luckily, your immune system is just about the most amazing thing ever.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Luckily",",","your","immune","system","is","just","about","the","most","amazing","thing","ever","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Since it's so complicated, we have to simplify and focus on one thing at a time.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Since","it","'s","so","complicated",",","we","have","to","simplify","and","focus","on","one","thing","at","a","time","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you want the full story, wait for the announcement at the end of the video.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","you","want","the","full","story",",","wait","for","the","announcement","at","the","end","of","the","video","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Okay, so why are we not all killed by some new bacteria or virus?","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":27,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Okay",",","so","why","are","we","not","all","killed","by","some","new","bacteria","or","virus","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,13,15,1,37,39,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, you actually have two immune systems, the innate and the adaptive immune system.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","you","actually","have","two","immune","systems",",","the","innate","and","the","adaptive","immune","system","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The innate immune system was ready when you were born.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","innate","immune","system","was","ready","when","you","were","born","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It mostly consists of general-purpose soldiers.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","mostly","consists","of","general","-","purpose","soldiers","."],"tags":[1,13,31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We introduced them in the last immune video.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","introduced","them","in","the","last","immune","video","."],"tags":[1,23,5,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The adaptive immune system carries two types of cells, T-cells and B-cells, that are your super weapons and are incredibly effective and deadly for your enemies.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":159,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":31,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","adaptive","immune","system","carries","two","types","of","cells",",","T","-","cells","and","B","-","cells",",","that","are","your","super","weapons","and","are","incredibly","effective","and","deadly","for","your","enemies","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"These cells are complicated to produce and take a lot of time to deploy, but once they're ready, they pack a real punch.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":13,"token_start":3},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":25,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["These","cells","are","complicated","to","produce","and","take","a","lot","of","time","to","deploy",",","but","once","they","'re","ready",",","they","pack","a","real","punch","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"What makes your adaptive immune system so powerful is that it has the largest library in the universe.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["What","makes","your","adaptive","immune","system","so","powerful","is","that","it","has","the","largest","library","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It has an answer to everything.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","has","an","answer","to","everything","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You have at least one of these super weapon cells inside you to fight the Black Death, the coronavirus,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":101,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","have","at","least","one","of","these","super","weapon","cells","inside","you","to","fight","the","Black","Death",",","the","coronavirus",","],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This makes it possible for you to counter the ability of bacteria and viruses to change so rapidly.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":98,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","makes","it","possible","for","you","to","counter","the","ability","of","bacteria","and","viruses","to","change","so","rapidly","."],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"How is this possible?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["How","is","this","possible","?"],"tags":[13,21,1,11,0]}
{"text":"To understand what's going on here, we need to take one step back.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["To","understand","what","'s","going","on","here",",","we","need","to","take","one","step","back","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"All organisms on Earth are made from the same basic parts, mostly proteins.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["All","organisms","on","Earth","are","made","from","the","same","basic","parts",",","mostly","proteins","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Proteins are the building blocks of life and can have billions of different shapes.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Proteins","are","the","building","blocks","of","life","and","can","have","billions","of","different","shapes","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"You can imagine them as 3D puzzle pieces.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","can","imagine","them","as","3D","puzzle","pieces","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"There are billions of different puzzle pieces your enemies can use to construct their bodies.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","billions","of","different","puzzle","pieces","your","enemies","can","use","to","construct","their","bodies","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Why is this important?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Why","is","this","important","?"],"tags":[13,21,1,11,0]}
{"text":"Because proteins are, in a way, the language of the micro-world.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Because","proteins","are",",","in","a","way",",","the","language","of","the","micro","-","world","."],"tags":[0,1,21,0,13,14,14,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Cells don't have eyes or ears, so to tell friend from foe, they have to touch them and recognize if their protein is part of a friend or part of an enemy.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":19,"token_start":9},{"end":153,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":87,"token_end":34,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Cells","do","n't","have","eyes","or","ears",",","so","to","tell","friend","from","foe",",","they","have","to","touch","them","and","recognize","if","their","protein","is","part","of","a","friend","or","part","of","an","enemy","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Recognizing means that cells have countless tiny devices called receptors that are able to connect with a specific protein puzzle piece.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":135,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Recognizing","means","that","cells","have","countless","tiny","devices","called","receptors","that","are","able","to","connect","with","a","specific","protein","puzzle","piece","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So your cells have tiny puzzle pieces on their outsides that are able to click together or recognize other protein puzzle pieces.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":128,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","your","cells","have","tiny","puzzle","pieces","on","their","outsides","that","are","able","to","click","together","or","recognize","other","protein","puzzle","pieces","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"When a cell connects together with a protein and recognizes it as enemy, it knows that it has to attack.","spans":[{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["When","a","cell","connects","together","with","a","protein","and","recognizes","it","as","enemy",",","it","knows","that","it","has","to","attack","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Only if your cells can make this distinction between friend or foe is your immune system able to fight an invader.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":96,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":102,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":97,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":113,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":103,"token_end":20,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Only","if","your","cells","can","make","this","distinction","between","friend","or","foe","is","your","immune","system","able","to","fight","an","invader","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,17,1,2,2,17,18,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"But since there are billions of possible protein puzzle pieces, this means there are billions of possible enemy puzzle pieces.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":69,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":125,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","since","there","are","billions","of","possible","protein","puzzle","pieces",",","this","means","there","are","billions","of","possible","enemy","puzzle","pieces","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is also one of the reasons we still have to deal with diseases like the flu each year.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","also","one","of","the","reasons","we","still","have","to","deal","with","diseases","like","the","flu","each","year","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The influenza virus mutates very rapidly, and so the proteins that make up its hull constantly change a tiny bit.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":112,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","influenza","virus","mutates","very","rapidly",",","and","so","the","proteins","that","make","up","its","hull","constantly","change","a","tiny","bit","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The soldiers of your innate immune system have a large number of the puzzle pieces for common bacteria and viruses memorized.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":124,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","soldiers","of","your","innate","immune","system","have","a","large","number","of","the","puzzle","pieces","for","common","bacteria","and","viruses","memorized","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That's why they are your all-purpose weapons.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","why","they","are","your","all","-","purpose","weapons","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They are ineffective against many billions of mutations and adaptations that your enemies can develop.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","ineffective","against","many","billions","of","mutations","and","adaptations","that","your","enemies","can","develop","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So the reason you are still alive is that your adaptive immune system is able to recognize between 1 billion and 10 billion different enemy protein puzzle pieces,","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":161,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":27,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","the","reason","you","are","still","alive","is","that","your","adaptive","immune","system","is","able","to","recognize","between","1","billion","and","10","billion","different","enemy","protein","puzzle","pieces",","],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But how is this possible?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","how","is","this","possible","?"],"tags":[0,13,21,1,11,0]}
{"text":"How could your immune system possibly have this much of a variety to be prepared for every possible protein puzzle piece?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":119,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["How","could","your","immune","system","possibly","have","this","much","of","a","variety","to","be","prepared","for","every","possible","protein","puzzle","piece","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Well, the cells of your adaptive immune system found a cheat code, mixing and matching their own genetic code to create this stunning variety of receptors.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":27,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Well",",","the","cells","of","your","adaptive","immune","system","found","a","cheat","code",",","mixing","and","matching","their","own","genetic","code","to","create","this","stunning","variety","of","receptors","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The details are way too complicated for this video, but in a nutshell,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","details","are","way","too","complicated","for","this","video",",","but","in","a","nutshell",","],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"your adaptive immune cells have official permission to take a tiny part of their own genetic code and mix it in random ways to create billions of different receptors.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":164,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":28,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["your","adaptive","immune","cells","have","official","permission","to","take","a","tiny","part","of","their","own","genetic","code","and","mix","it","in","random","ways","to","create","billions","of","different","receptors","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A good way to explain this is by asking you to imagine an army of cooks, with each of them wanting their own special recipe.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":123,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":25,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","good","way","to","explain","this","is","by","asking","you","to","imagine","an","army","of","cooks",",","with","each","of","them","wanting","their","own","special","recipe","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They have 100 different ingredients to choose from.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","have","100","different","ingredients","to","choose","from","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Each ingredient stands for one tiny piece of genetic code in this metaphor.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Each","ingredient","stands","for","one","tiny","piece","of","genetic","code","in","this","metaphor","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So each cook takes a few random ingredients and randomly mixes them together.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","each","cook","takes","a","few","random","ingredients","and","randomly","mixes","them","together","."],"tags":[0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Even with slight variation and with only 100 ingredients, there are billions of possible recipes.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":96,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Even","with","slight","variation","and","with","only","100","ingredients",",","there","are","billions","of","possible","recipes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And likewise, with just a small selection of gene fragments, your cells create billions of receptors.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","likewise",",","with","just","a","small","selection","of","gene","fragments",",","your","cells","create","billions","of","receptors","."],"tags":[0,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The details of this are so cool that they should get their own video, or their own chapter in a book.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","details","of","this","are","so","cool","that","they","should","get","their","own","video",",","or","their","own","chapter","in","a","book","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In any case, by mixing up gene fragments, you get up to 10 billion different combinations.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","any","case",",","by","mixing","up","gene","fragments",",","you","get","up","to","10","billion","different","combinations","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So in the end, you get billions of immune cells, and each of them has one specific and unique receptor,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","in","the","end",",","you","get","billions","of","immune","cells",",","and","each","of","them","has","one","specific","and","unique","receptor",","],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,21,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In total, you end up with at least one cell for every enemy that could possibly exist.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","total",",","you","end","up","with","at","least","one","cell","for","every","enemy","that","could","possibly","exist","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But here we run into a pretty dangerous problem.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","here","we","run","into","a","pretty","dangerous","problem","."],"tags":[0,13,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"wouldn't it also make some that can attack your own cells?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["would","n't","it","also","make","some","that","can","attack","your","own","cells","?"],"tags":[15,37,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Yes, it happens all the time.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Yes",",","it","happens","all","the","time","."],"tags":[0,0,1,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is so fundamentally dangerous to your survival, that you have a whole organ that does nothing but work on preventing this.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":125,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","so","fundamentally","dangerous","to","your","survival",",","that","you","have","a","whole","organ","that","does","nothing","but","work","on","preventing","this","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Your thymus is a chicken wing sized organ above your heart, and you've probably never heard of it.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Your","thymus","is","a","chicken","wing","sized","organ","above","your","heart",",","and","you","'ve","probably","never","heard","of","it","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Interestingly, your thymus is one of the reasons why your immune system weakens as you age,","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Interestingly",",","your","thymus","is","one","of","the","reasons","why","your","immune","system","weakens","as","you","age",","],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"because it's in a constant state of decline once you reach puberty.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["because","it","'s","in","a","constant","state","of","decline","once","you","reach","puberty","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But what does the thymus do?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","what","does","the","thymus","do","?"],"tags":[0,5,15,1,2,19,0]}
{"text":"In your murder university, your immune system is putting your adaptive immune cells through an intense and deadly curriculum.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":124,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":84,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","your","murder","university",",","your","immune","system","is","putting","your","adaptive","immune","cells","through","an","intense","and","deadly","curriculum","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,35,36,36,36,36,36,0]}
{"text":"Basically, it's showing them all sorts of protein puzzle pieces that are used by your own cells to see how they react.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":116,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Basically",",","it","'s","showing","them","all","sorts","of","protein","puzzle","pieces","that","are","used","by","your","own","cells","to","see","how","they","react","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,27,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"When a young cell recognizes a body puzzle piece and wants to attack it, the teacher's cells order them to kill themselves, and they are eaten up and recycled.","spans":[{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":18,"token_start":15},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":93,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":122,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":23,"token_start":21},{"end":158,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":128,"token_end":31,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["When","a","young","cell","recognizes","a","body","puzzle","piece","and","wants","to","attack","it",",","the","teacher","'s","cells","order","them","to","kill","themselves",",","and","they","are","eaten","up","and","recycled","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,5,33,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The immune system is so particular about this process, that around 98% of your adaptive immune cells that enter murder university die there.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":138,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":24,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","immune","system","is","so","particular","about","this","process",",","that","around","98","%","of","your","adaptive","immune","cells","that","enter","murder","university","die","there","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"2% graduate and get to do their job of protecting you for real.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":16,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["2","%","graduate","and","get","to","do","their","job","of","protecting","you","for","real","."],"tags":[1,2,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If this process goes wrong and the cells escape that can recognize your own protein puzzle pieces,","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","this","process","goes","wrong","and","the","cells","escape","that","can","recognize","your","own","protein","puzzle","pieces",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"this can lead to autoimmune disease, where your immune system attacks your own body from the inside.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["this","can","lead","to","autoimmune","disease",",","where","your","immune","system","attacks","your","own","body","from","the","inside","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And this, again, is another story for another time.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","this",",","again",",","is","another","story","for","another","time","."],"tags":[0,1,0,13,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Okay, let's summarize.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Okay",",","let","'s","summarize","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,33,0]}
{"text":"Your immune system has two parts, one that defends you right after birth, and one that carries the largest library of superweapons in the universe, but needs to boot up first.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":173,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":33,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","immune","system","has","two","parts",",","one","that","defends","you","right","after","birth",",","and","one","that","carries","the","largest","library","of","superweapons","in","the","universe",",","but","needs","to","boot","up","first","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To create billions of different superweapons, your adaptive immune cells recombine a part of their genetic code to create a breathtaking variety of attack weapons.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":73,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":17,"token_start":12},{"end":161,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":25,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["To","create","billions","of","different","superweapons",",","your","adaptive","immune","cells","recombine","a","part","of","their","genetic","code","to","create","a","breathtaking","variety","of","attack","weapons","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Then they enter a murder university that only 2% survive to make sure they don't attack you.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Then","they","enter","a","murder","university","that","only","2","%","survive","to","make","sure","they","do","n't","attack","you","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And then you end up with billions of different cells that in total are able to protect you against every possible enemy in the universe.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":135,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":24,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","then","you","end","up","with","billions","of","different","cells","that","in","total","are","able","to","protect","you","against","every","possible","enemy","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[0,13,1,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Now, wait a second.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Now",",","wait","a","second","."],"tags":[0,0,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If this is all true, why do we get sick at all?","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","this","is","all","true",",","why","do","we","get","sick","at","all","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,21,11,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Why was a new disease like COVID-19 able to kill millions of people?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Why","was","a","new","disease","like","COVID-19","able","to","kill","millions","of","people","?"],"tags":[13,17,1,2,2,2,2,17,18,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And how do vaccines boost the mechanisms we explained in this video to supercharge your immune system and defend you from the worst diseases humanity has ever encountered from smallpox to COVID-19?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":196,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":31,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","how","do","vaccines","boost","the","mechanisms","we","explained","in","this","video","to","supercharge","your","immune","system","and","defend","you","from","the","worst","diseases","humanity","has","ever","encountered","from","smallpox","to","COVID-19","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Well, everything we've just learned about is a tiny, tiny window into the amazing struggle for life and death that plays out every day inside your body,","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":151,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":29,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Well",",","everything","we","'ve","just","learned","about","is","a","tiny",",","tiny","window","into","the","amazing","struggle","for","life","and","death","that","plays","out","every","day","inside","your","body",","],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"and there are so many amazing details and questions here.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["and","there","are","so","many","amazing","details","and","questions","here","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,13,0]}
{"text":"How does your body actually find the right cell in time to protect you?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["How","does","your","body","actually","find","the","right","cell","in","time","to","protect","you","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,13,19,5,6,6,13,14,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"How do your enemies fight back and overcome your immune system anyway?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["How","do","your","enemies","fight","back","and","overcome","your","immune","system","anyway","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,31,32,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Well, today finally marks the release of Immune! A Journey Into The Mysterious System That Keeps You Alive,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Well",",","today","finally","marks","the","release","of","Immune","!","A","Journey","Into","The","Mysterious","System","That","Keeps","You","Alive",","],"tags":[0,0,1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"First, we had to push the release back because of cargo trouble, and then because so many of you pre-ordered that we didn't have enough copies for the original launch day.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":170,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":35,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["First",",","we","had","to","push","the","release","back","because","of","cargo","trouble",",","and","then","because","so","many","of","you","pre","-","ordered","that","we","did","n't","have","enough","copies","for","the","original","launch","day","."],"tags":[13,0,1,17,18,19,5,6,35,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so, so much for that!","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so",",","so","much","for","that","!"],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Immune tells the epic story of your immune system and will forever change how you think about your own body, how you experience being sick and healthy.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":150,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":27,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Immune","tells","the","epic","story","of","your","immune","system","and","will","forever","change","how","you","think","about","your","own","body",",","how","you","experience","being","sick","and","healthy","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The book is written to be as fun and easy to grasp as Kurzgesagt videos, but is able to dive way deeper into its subject.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":14,"token_start":4},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["The","book","is","written","to","be","as","fun","and","easy","to","grasp","as","Kurzgesagt","videos",",","but","is","able","to","dive","way","deeper","into","its","subject","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So go on a journey through the hidden microverse within yourself.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","go","on","a","journey","through","the","hidden","microverse","within","yourself","."],"tags":[0,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Witness deadly wars between billions of invaders and cells, learn how your immune system actually works and protects you from cuts, cancer and COVID.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Witness","deadly","wars","between","billions","of","invaders","and","cells",",","learn","how","your","immune","system","actually","works","and","protects","you","from","cuts",",","cancer","and","COVID","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Never before have we so urgently needed to learn about how immunity works.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Never","before","have","we","so","urgently","needed","to","learn","about","how","immunity","works","."],"tags":[13,14,15,1,13,14,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Immune is fun and great to look at, and it even smells good.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Immune","is","fun","and","great","to","look","at",",","and","it","even","smells","good","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Follow the link in the description to order it today.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Follow","the","link","in","the","description","to","order","it","today","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is the end of a decade-long personal journey working on this, so thank you all so, so much for your support.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":2},{"end":112,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":25,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["This","is","the","end","of","a","decade","-","long","personal","journey","working","on","this",",","so","thank","you","all","so",",","so","much","for","your","support","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And thank you for watching. And reading.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","thank","you","for","watching",".","And","reading","."],"tags":[0,19,5,13,14,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Look around you.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Look","around","you","."],"tags":[31,32,5,0]}
{"text":"But where is all of that?","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","where","is","all","of","that","?"],"tags":[0,11,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"While this may feel like a daft question, it turns out that the concept of an absolute position is something humans made up.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":123,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["While","this","may","feel","like","a","daft","question",",","it","turns","out","that","the","concept","of","an","absolute","position","is","something","humans","made","up","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, the universe is a big bag of space that has things in it.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","the","universe","is","a","big","bag","of","space","that","has","things","in","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If someone removed all these things, the stars and planets and black holes and dust, there would just be empty space left.","spans":[{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":90,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":96,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":91,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":104,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":102,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":121,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":23,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","someone","removed","all","these","things",",","the","stars","and","planets","and","black","holes","and","dust",",","there","would","just","be","empty","space","left","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,13,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In empty space, the concept of having a position loses all meaning.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","empty","space",",","the","concept","of","having","a","position","loses","all","meaning","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Empty space is uniform, the same everywhere.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Empty","space","is","uniform",",","the","same","everywhere","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The space we occupy is not like a stage under our feet.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","space","we","occupy","is","not","like","a","stage","under","our","feet","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We can't mark specific points or staple something to space-time as an anchor.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","ca","n't","mark","specific","points","or","staple","something","to","space","-","time","as","an","anchor","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Without things, there is no position.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Without","things",",","there","is","no","position","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"We are really ever only at a position in relation to something else.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","are","really","ever","only","at","a","position","in","relation","to","something","else","."],"tags":[1,21,13,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Okay, let's fill the universe up with things again and try to find out where you are right now, relative to everything else.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":123,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":25,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Okay",",","let","'s","fill","the","universe","up","with","things","again","and","try","to","find","out","where","you","are","right","now",",","relative","to","everything","else","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Let's start this video at a familiar place and then get increasingly weird.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":74,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","start","this","video","at","a","familiar","place","and","then","get","increasingly","weird","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"From your perspective, the world is seemingly flat and you can move in three dimensions.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["From","your","perspective",",","the","world","is","seemingly","flat","and","you","can","move","in","three","dimensions","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's what physicists call a frame of reference.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","what","physicists","call","a","frame","of","reference","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Your frame of reference is correct, for you.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Your","frame","of","reference","is","correct",",","for","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,0,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Around 5 kilometers from you, where the horizon begins, the ground noticeably curves away from you.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":78,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Around","5","kilometers","from","you",",","where","the","horizon","begins",",","the","ground","noticeably","curves","away","from","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,13,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you could see through the ground, you'd see people from below or sideways.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","you","could","see","through","the","ground",",","you","'d","see","people","from","below","or","sideways","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But they don't fall down off the planet because gravity doesn't actually pull them down.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","they","do","n't","fall","down","off","the","planet","because","gravity","does","n't","actually","pull","them","down","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,31,32,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Down is an illusion of your reference frame.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Down","is","an","illusion","of","your","reference","frame","."],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"To Earth's reference frame, gravity just pulls in.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["To","Earth","'s","reference","frame",",","gravity","just","pulls","in","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,31,32,0]}
{"text":"But for humans, there is an up and down, because within our frame of reference, that just makes sense.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","for","humans",",","there","is","an","up","and","down",",","because","within","our","frame","of","reference",",","that","just","makes","sense","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And we made our maps accordingly.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","we","made","our","maps","accordingly","."],"tags":[0,1,23,5,6,13,0]}
{"text":"But an observer looking at the solar system might disagree.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","an","observer","looking","at","the","solar","system","might","disagree","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"Our maps make sense to us because we're used to them, not because they are correct.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Our","maps","make","sense","to","us","because","we","'re","used","to","them",",","not","because","they","are","correct","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Okay, so this is step one.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Okay",",","so","this","is","step","one","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"But this sphere is always moving, never staying in one position.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","this","sphere","is","always","moving",",","never","staying","in","one","position","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,13,27,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Earth is orbiting a star, the Sun at the center of the solar system.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Earth","is","orbiting","a","star",",","the","Sun","at","the","center","of","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"While we usually imagine this as pretty orderly, someone looking at us from the outside would see something pretty messy.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":15,"token_start":9},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":88,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":96,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":94,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":119,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":20,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["While","we","usually","imagine","this","as","pretty","orderly",",","someone","looking","at","us","from","the","outside","would","see","something","pretty","messy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To see this more clearly, we'll exaggerate all these movements.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["To","see","this","more","clearly",",","we","'ll","exaggerate","all","these","movements","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is not to scale.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","not","to","scale","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"First of all, our orbit really is an ellipse.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["First","of","all",",","our","orbit","really","is","an","ellipse","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,13,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"So we spend half the year sinking a little bit closer to the Sun, speeding up.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":77,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","we","spend","half","the","year","sinking","a","little","bit","closer","to","the","Sun",",","speeding","up","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"And the ellipse itself changes its shape every 100,000 years too.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","the","ellipse","itself","changes","its","shape","every","100,000","years","too","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,25,5,6,13,14,14,13,0]}
{"text":"And in another cycle of 112,000 years, the ellipse itself is drifting.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","in","another","cycle","of","112,000","years",",","the","ellipse","itself","is","drifting","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,27,0]}
{"text":"In the end, we get an orbital path that looks like a wobbly circle with wavy edges.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","we","get","an","orbital","path","that","looks","like","a","wobbly","circle","with","wavy","edges","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And it gets worse as the Moon now starts to mess things up too.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","it","gets","worse","as","the","Moon","now","starts","to","mess","things","up","too","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As the Moon is a pretty massive thing, it pulls on Earth.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","the","Moon","is","a","pretty","massive","thing",",","it","pulls","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Both objects orbit their common center of gravity that lies around 4,700 kilometers off to the side of Earth's core.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":114,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Both","objects","orbit","their","common","center","of","gravity","that","lies","around","4,700","kilometers","off","to","the","side","of","Earth","'s","core","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In practice, this means that as the Moon orbits Earth, it's jerking Earth around a bit, enough to make it jiggle.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":24,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","practice",",","this","means","that","as","the","Moon","orbits","Earth",",","it","'s","jerking","Earth","around","a","bit",",","enough","to","make","it","jiggle","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Okay, so you're standing on the surface of a rotating planet that is jiggling around the Sun in an elliptical orbit that changes a bit every year.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":28,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Okay",",","so","you","'re","standing","on","the","surface","of","a","rotating","planet","that","is","jiggling","around","the","Sun","in","an","elliptical","orbit","that","changes","a","bit","every","year","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But who's to say the Earth is right?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","who","'s","to","say","the","Earth","is","right","?"],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"From the perspective of the Sun, the plane of the Solar System is arbitrary.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["From","the","perspective","of","the","Sun",",","the","plane","of","the","Solar","System","is","arbitrary","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It's defined as the plane the Earth orbits in because that is convenient for us.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","'s","defined","as","the","plane","the","Earth","orbits","in","because","that","is","convenient","for","us","."],"tags":[1,15,29,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In reality, the other planets are just a little bit inclined with respect to our plane.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","reality",",","the","other","planets","are","just","a","little","bit","inclined","with","respect","to","our","plane","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"From their point of view, we're the ones with a slightly bent orbit.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["From","their","point","of","view",",","we","'re","the","ones","with","a","slightly","bent","orbit","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But this isn't it.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","this","is","n't","it","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"The Solar System as a whole is orbiting the center of the Milky Way galaxy.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","Solar","System","as","a","whole","is","orbiting","the","center","of","the","Milky","Way","galaxy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If we look at the Milky Way, we can clearly make out a galactic plane in which the Solar System orbits the center every 230 million years.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":137,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":27,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","we","look","at","the","Milky","Way",",","we","can","clearly","make","out","a","galactic","plane","in","which","the","Solar","System","orbits","the","center","every","230","million","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But of course, it's not that simple.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","of","course",",","it","'s","not","that","simple","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,21,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"First of all, the plane of the Solar System is not aligned with the plane of the galaxy.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":49,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["First","of","all",",","the","plane","of","the","Solar","System","is","not","aligned","with","the","plane","of","the","galaxy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Just like the planets in the Solar System orbit the Sun on their own planes, so do all the stars orbiting the galactic center.","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":80,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":124,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Just","like","the","planets","in","the","Solar","System","orbit","the","Sun","on","their","own","planes",",","so","do","all","the","stars","orbiting","the","galactic","center","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The Solar System as a whole is tilted about 60 degrees towards the galactic plane, speeding through space at almost a million kilometers per hour.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":25,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["The","Solar","System","as","a","whole","is","tilted","about","60","degrees","towards","the","galactic","plane",",","speeding","through","space","at","almost","a","million","kilometers","per","hour","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Someone in the center of the galaxy would see the orbits of the planets moving through space in a helix shape,","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":109,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Someone","in","the","center","of","the","galaxy","would","see","the","orbits","of","the","planets","moving","through","space","in","a","helix","shape",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This orientation in space means that sometimes the planets are sort of in front of the Sun as it orbits around the galactic core.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":128,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":23,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","orientation","in","space","means","that","sometimes","the","planets","are","sort","of","in","front","of","the","Sun","as","it","orbits","around","the","galactic","core","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's just look at this for a moment.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","just","look","at","this","for","a","moment","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"There is a strange and eerie beauty about how our planets and the Sun move through space.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","a","strange","and","eerie","beauty","about","how","our","planets","and","the","Sun","move","through","space","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Do you feel a bit dizzy?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Do","you","feel","a","bit","dizzy","?"],"tags":[15,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It gets worse.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","gets","worse","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"This is still not the whole story because the mass of the galactic disk is constantly pulling on the Solar System too.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","is","still","not","the","whole","story","because","the","mass","of","the","galactic","disk","is","constantly","pulling","on","the","Solar","System","too","."],"tags":[1,21,13,37,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Like a drunk dolphin, we're diving down and shooting up hundreds of light-years through the galactic plane ten times every orbit along arcs thousands of light-years long.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":169,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":32,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Like","a","drunk","dolphin",",","we","'re","diving","down","and","shooting","up","hundreds","of","light","-","years","through","the","galactic","plane","ten","times","every","orbit","along","arcs","thousands","of","light","-","years","long","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,35,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We haven't mapped this motion out completely as it takes the Solar System tens of millions of years to go up and back once, and well, humanity is not that old.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":24,"token_start":8},{"end":158,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":128,"token_end":33,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["We","have","n't","mapped","this","motion","out","completely","as","it","takes","the","Solar","System","tens","of","millions","of","years","to","go","up","and","back","once",",","and","well",",","humanity","is","not","that","old","."],"tags":[1,15,37,29,5,6,35,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Let's look at your relative position again.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","look","at","your","relative","position","again","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"At this point, the frame of reference becomes a bit arbitrary and pointless because of the nature of the universe at this scale.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["At","this","point",",","the","frame","of","reference","becomes","a","bit","arbitrary","and","pointless","because","of","the","nature","of","the","universe","at","this","scale","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The Milky Way is part of a galaxy group that appears to be part of greater structures like the Laniakea Supercluster,","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":115,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","Milky","Way","is","part","of","a","galaxy","group","that","appears","to","be","part","of","greater","structures","like","the","Laniakea","Supercluster",","],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Someone looking right at us from that far away will only see the end of greatness.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Someone","looking","right","at","us","from","that","far","away","will","only","see","the","end","of","greatness","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"All stuff appears homogeneous, the same everywhere.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["All","stuff","appears","homogeneous",",","the","same","everywhere","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Just like with empty space, when everything looks the same, who's to say anyone's view is better than anyone else's?","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":115,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Just","like","with","empty","space",",","when","everything","looks","the","same",",","who","'s","to","say","anyone","'s","view","is","better","than","anyone","else","'s","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We've reached the end of our little exercise in cosmic humidity.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'ve","reached","the","end","of","our","little","exercise","in","cosmic","humidity","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's make the journey backwards again, from the indescribably large to the really large to our galactic home to our galaxy,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":123,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","make","the","journey","backwards","again",",","from","the","indescribably","large","to","the","really","large","to","our","galactic","home","to","our","galaxy",","],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"If this is all a bit much, don't feel bad.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":31,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","this","is","all","a","bit","much",",","do","n't","feel","bad","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,15,37,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The scale of the universe is brain-crushing, and trying to keep track of how everything is oriented or decide where the best up and down is, is hard.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":31,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","scale","of","the","universe","is","brain","-","crushing",",","and","trying","to","keep","track","of","how","everything","is","oriented","or","decide","where","the","best","up","and","down","is",",","is","hard","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But it doesn't really matter, because it doesn't change where you are.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","it","does","n't","really","matter",",","because","it","does","n't","change","where","you","are","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,13,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You're already in the best spot you possibly could be, right here, right now.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","'re","already","in","the","best","spot","you","possibly","could","be",",","right","here",",","right","now","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"For all you care, nothing can stop you from being right at the center of your own little universe.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":97,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["For","all","you","care",",","nothing","can","stop","you","from","being","right","at","the","center","of","your","own","little","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Perspective really is everything.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Perspective","really","is","everything","."],"tags":[1,13,21,11,0]}
{"text":"That's true for the universe we all inhabit, but even more so within your personal universe.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["That","'s","true","for","the","universe","we","all","inhabit",",","but","even","more","so","within","your","personal","universe","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The way your life will unfold also depends on what you consider possible.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","way","your","life","will","unfold","also","depends","on","what","you","consider","possible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,13,25,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Take us at Kurzgesagt.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Take","us","at","Kurzgesagt","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Our passion is to spark curiosity for science and make videos for free.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Our","passion","is","to","spark","curiosity","for","science","and","make","videos","for","free","."],"tags":[11,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But this is not a great business model, so we began to create our own lines of science posters, calendars,","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":21,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","this","is","not","a","great","business","model",",","so","we","began","to","create","our","own","lines","of","science","posters",",","calendars",","],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And we're doing this with Shopify, who were also so kind as to sponsor this video, which delighted us because we've been using their platform for years now.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":31,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","we","'re","doing","this","with","Shopify",",","who","were","also","so","kind","as","to","sponsor","this","video",",","which","delighted","us","because","we","'ve","been","using","their","platform","for","years","now","."],"tags":[0,1,15,27,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"If you think that this idea doesn't apply to you and your ideas are too small, we want to encourage you to think again.","spans":[{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":82,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":25,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","you","think","that","this","idea","does","n't","apply","to","you","and","your","ideas","are","too","small",",","we","want","to","encourage","you","to","think","again","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The first video on this channel was a university project, and Kurzgesagt itself was a creative outlet.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","first","video","on","this","channel","was","a","university","project",",","and","Kurzgesagt","itself","was","a","creative","outlet","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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{"text":"This is exactly the sort of thing that Shopify is determined to support, and you can build your own thing with it.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["This","is","exactly","the","sort","of","thing","that","Shopify","is","determined","to","support",",","and","you","can","build","your","own","thing","with","it","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"After all, whether your idea is still just a dream or might turn into a plan today is also just a matter of perspective.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":17,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":83,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":118,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":24,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["After","all",",","whether","your","idea","is","still","just","a","dream","or","might","turn","into","a","plan","today","is","also","just","a","matter","of","perspective","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Millions of businesses in over 175 countries are currently using Shopify to sell their products, and we are one of them.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":101,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Millions","of","businesses","in","over","175","countries","are","currently","using","Shopify","to","sell","their","products",",","and","we","are","one","of","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,27,5,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Somewhere in your body, your immune system just quietly killed one of your own cells, stopping it from becoming cancer and saving your life.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":138,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Somewhere","in","your","body",",","your","immune","system","just","quietly","killed","one","of","your","own","cells",",","stopping","it","from","becoming","cancer","and","saving","your","life","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,13,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It does that all the time.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","does","that","all","the","time","."],"tags":[1,25,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The vast majority of cancer cells you develop will be killed without you ever noticing, which is an incredibly hard job because of what cancer cells are.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","vast","majority","of","cancer","cells","you","develop","will","be","killed","without","you","ever","noticing",",","which","is","an","incredibly","hard","job","because","of","what","cancer","cells","are","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"What is cancer and how does your body kill it all the time?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":19,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","is","cancer","and","how","does","your","body","kill","it","all","the","time","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Cancer is when corrupted cells multiply uncontrollably.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Cancer","is","when","corrupted","cells","multiply","uncontrollably","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It can emerge from basically every type of cell in your body, so there's not just a single type of cancer, but hundreds.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["It","can","emerge","from","basically","every","type","of","cell","in","your","body",",","so","there","'s","not","just","a","single","type","of","cancer",",","but","hundreds","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Some grow slowly, others are aggressive, some can be treated effectively, others are deadly.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Some","grow","slowly",",","others","are","aggressive",",","some","can","be","treated","effectively",",","others","are","deadly","."],"tags":[1,19,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In a sense, a cell that becomes cancer turns into something ancient and something new.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","a","sense",",","a","cell","that","becomes","cancer","turns","into","something","ancient","and","something","new","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Over billions of years, evolution has molded cells to survive and thrive in a hostile environment, fighting for space and resources.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":131,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Over","billions","of","years",",","evolution","has","molded","cells","to","survive","and","thrive","in","a","hostile","environment",",","fighting","for","space","and","resources","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"Cells are protein robots that just follow their programming, which unfortunately has been corrupted.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Cells","are","protein","robots","that","just","follow","their","programming",",","which","unfortunately","has","been","corrupted","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, your cells have a nucleus filled with DNA.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","your","cells","have","a","nucleus","filled","with","DNA","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It consists of genes, instructions for how to build proteins, and when to make each one.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","consists","of","genes",",","instructions","for","how","to","build","proteins",",","and","when","to","make","each","one","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"These building instructions are copied and transferred to ribosomes, where they're used to make proteins.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["These","building","instructions","are","copied","and","transferred","to","ribosomes",",","where","they","'re","used","to","make","proteins","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"What kind of proteins your cells make determine what they can do.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["What","kind","of","proteins","your","cells","make","determine","what","they","can","do","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The important thing here is that a corrupt gene means you get a corrupt protein, which will get important later.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":110,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","important","thing","here","is","that","a","corrupt","gene","means","you","get","a","corrupt","protein",",","which","will","get","important","later","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Your DNA gets a tiny bit corrupted.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Your","DNA","gets","a","tiny","bit","corrupted","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,14,14,29,0]}
{"text":"It mutates tens of thousands of times each day.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","mutates","tens","of","thousands","of","times","each","day","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Almost all of these mutations are fixed very quickly, or are not problematic.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Almost","all","of","these","mutations","are","fixed","very","quickly",",","or","are","not","problematic","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Still, over time, as your cells make copies of themselves, damage is accumulating.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Still",",","over","time",",","as","your","cells","make","copies","of","themselves",",","damage","is","accumulating","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,0]}
{"text":"Imagine having to make copies from copies from copies for decades.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":10,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","having","to","make","copies","from","copies","from","copies","for","decades","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Maybe one day a hair got on the scanner, or a corner got frayed.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Maybe","one","day","a","hair","got","on","the","scanner",",","or","a","corner","got","frayed","."],"tags":[13,13,14,1,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Each new mistake becomes part of the new copies, and all the copies that follow.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Each","new","mistake","becomes","part","of","the","new","copies",",","and","all","the","copies","that","follow","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You can increase DNA damage by doing things like smoking, drinking alcohol, by being obese, breathing in asbestos, by not using sunscreen, or contracting a virus like HPV.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":169,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":32,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["You","can","increase","DNA","damage","by","doing","things","like","smoking",",","drinking","alcohol",",","by","being","obese",",","breathing","in","asbestos",",","by","not","using","sunscreen",",","or","contracting","a","virus","like","HPV","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But the simplest way to damage DNA and get cancer is to be alive long enough.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","the","simplest","way","to","damage","DNA","and","get","cancer","is","to","be","alive","long","enough","."],"tags":[0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"For many cancer cases, there is no cause other than bad luck.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["For","many","cancer","cases",",","there","is","no","cause","other","than","bad","luck","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We are simplifying, but roughly there are three categories of genes that need to be corrupted so cancer can arise.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","are","simplifying",",","but","roughly","there","are","three","categories","of","genes","that","need","to","be","corrupted","so","cancer","can","arise","."],"tags":[1,15,27,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The first key mutation is in the appropriately named tumor suppressor genes, or TSGs.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","first","key","mutation","is","in","the","appropriately","named","tumor","suppressor","genes",",","or","TSGs","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"These genes are a bunch of things.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["These","genes","are","a","bunch","of","things","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"For one, they produce control mechanisms that continuously scan your DNA for mistakes and copying errors, and fix them right away.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":128,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":22,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["For","one",",","they","produce","control","mechanisms","that","continuously","scan","your","DNA","for","mistakes","and","copying","errors",",","and","fix","them","right","away","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And then they keep normal cells from multiplying recklessly.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","then","they","keep","normal","cells","from","multiplying","recklessly","."],"tags":[0,13,1,19,5,6,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"If TSGs become damaged, your cells basically forget how to repair themselves, and can reproduce unchecked.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":82,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","TSGs","become","damaged",",","your","cells","basically","forget","how","to","repair","themselves",",","and","can","reproduce","unchecked","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The second crucial mutation can happen in your oncogenes.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","second","crucial","mutation","can","happen","in","your","oncogenes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When oncogenes are turned on, the cell is told to multiply rapidly.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["When","oncogenes","are","turned","on",",","the","cell","is","told","to","multiply","rapidly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"They were super active when you were inside your mother's womb.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","were","super","active","when","you","were","inside","your","mother","'s","womb","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To turn a single original cell into trillions in months, it needs to divide and grow rapidly.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["To","turn","a","single","original","cell","into","trillions","in","months",",","it","needs","to","divide","and","grow","rapidly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"These rapid growth genes are turned off when there's enough of you.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["These","rapid","growth","genes","are","turned","off","when","there","'s","enough","of","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When your oncogenes get corrupted, they basically turn on again.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["When","your","oncogenes","get","corrupted",",","they","basically","turn","on","again","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,31,32,13,0]}
{"text":"The third crucial mutation is in your cell's suicide switch.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","third","crucial","mutation","is","in","your","cell","'s","suicide","switch","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Most cells are constantly recycled and refreshed.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Most","cells","are","constantly","recycled","and","refreshed","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,29,0,41,0]}
{"text":"When cells amass too much damage, they usually notice, and special genes trigger a controlled suicide called apoptosis.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["When","cells","amass","too","much","damage",",","they","usually","notice",",","and","special","genes","trigger","a","controlled","suicide","called","apoptosis","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If the genes that control this process get damaged, cells are free to live on, despite being dangerously corrupted.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":113,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","the","genes","that","control","this","process","get","damaged",",","cells","are","free","to","live","on",",","despite","being","dangerously","corrupted","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"and begins to grow rapidly without restraint, it turns into a young cancer cell.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["and","begins","to","grow","rapidly","without","restraint",",","it","turns","into","a","young","cancer","cell","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"These cells have to be killed as quickly as possible.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["These","cells","have","to","be","killed","as","quickly","as","possible","."],"tags":[1,2,17,18,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"While they are bad at this stage, they are still pretty weak and easy to kill.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["While","they","are","bad","at","this","stage",",","they","are","still","pretty","weak","and","easy","to","kill","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But if they continue to mutate and increase in number, they can learn to avoid your defenses and become a real threat.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":117,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","if","they","continue","to","mutate","and","increase","in","number",",","they","can","learn","to","avoid","your","defenses","and","become","a","real","threat","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"At any moment of your life, your immune system is hunting these cells.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["At","any","moment","of","your","life",",","your","immune","system","is","hunting","these","cells","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,27,5,6,0]}
{"text":"But how do you identify and kill corrupted cells that seem indistinguishable from healthy ones?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","how","do","you","identify","and","kill","corrupted","cells","that","seem","indistinguishable","from","healthy","ones","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Well, here we come back to the proteins your cells produce and the story they tell.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Well",",","here","we","come","back","to","the","proteins","your","cells","produce","and","the","story","they","tell","."],"tags":[0,0,13,1,31,32,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So, if for example your oncogenes switch back on, they make oncogene proteins.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So",",","if","for","example","your","oncogenes","switch","back","on",",","they","make","oncogene","proteins","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Your immune system knows that they should not be present if you're an adult.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","immune","system","knows","that","they","should","not","be","present","if","you","'re","an","adult","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So to know which cells are corrupt and which are healthy, your immune system needs to know what proteins they're making inside.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":77,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":126,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So","to","know","which","cells","are","corrupt","and","which","are","healthy",",","your","immune","system","needs","to","know","what","proteins","they","'re","making","inside","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To solve this, evolution came up with MHC class 1 molecules, a sort of display window that makes cells transparent.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["To","solve","this",",","evolution","came","up","with","MHC","class","1","molecules",",","a","sort","of","display","window","that","makes","cells","transparent","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Cells constantly take little samples of the proteins they make and put them into thousands of these MHC molecules to showcase what they're doing.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Cells","constantly","take","little","samples","of","the","proteins","they","make","and","put","them","into","thousands","of","these","MHC","molecules","to","showcase","what","they","'re","doing","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The selection is constantly refreshed, always giving an up-to-date picture.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","selection","is","constantly","refreshed",",","always","giving","an","up","-","to","-","date","picture","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,29,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There's a whole library of proteins that are highly dangerous and should not be made by healthy cells, and your immune system has them all on file.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":101,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":18,"token_start":2},{"end":146,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":107,"token_end":28,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["There","'s","a","whole","library","of","proteins","that","are","highly","dangerous","and","should","not","be","made","by","healthy","cells",",","and","your","immune","system","has","them","all","on","file","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It has billions of specialized cells called T-cells made to recognize specific proteins.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","has","billions","of","specialized","cells","called","T","-","cells","made","to","recognize","specific","proteins","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If a T-cell sees a forbidden protein in an MHC display window, it knows that the cell is corrupted and kills it immediately.","spans":[{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":21,"token_start":17},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":103,"token_end":25,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["If","a","T","-","cell","sees","a","forbidden","protein","in","an","MHC","display","window",",","it","knows","that","the","cell","is","corrupted","and","kills","it","immediately","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But there's a flaw in this system.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","'s","a","flaw","in","this","system","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"All it needs to do is to stop making MHC class 1 molecules and boom, it's invisible.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["All","it","needs","to","do","is","to","stop","making","MHC","class","1","molecules","and","boom",",","it","'s","invisible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Without display windows, the immune system is blind and can't identify cancer anymore.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Without","display","windows",",","the","immune","system","is","blind","and","ca","n't","identify","cancer","anymore","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Fortunately, evolution found an ingenious solution.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Fortunately",",","evolution","found","an","ingenious","solution","."],"tags":[13,0,1,23,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"At this very second, hundreds of millions of natural killer cells are patrolling your body looking for cells that have already turned into cancer or are corrupted by a virus.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":172,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":30,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["At","this","very","second",",","hundreds","of","millions","of","natural","killer","cells","are","patrolling","your","body","looking","for","cells","that","have","already","turned","into","cancer","or","are","corrupted","by","a","virus","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Natural killer cells go from cell to cell to check for one thing.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Natural","killer","cells","go","from","cell","to","cell","to","check","for","one","thing","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Does a cell have MHC class 1 molecules?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Does","a","cell","have","MHC","class","1","molecules","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Does it have a display window and is it doing its duty of showing off what's going on inside itself?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Does","it","have","a","display","window","and","is","it","doing","its","duty","of","showing","off","what","'s","going","on","inside","itself","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is so amazing because it covers all of your bases.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","is","so","amazing","because","it","covers","all","of","your","bases","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"While T-cells look for the presence of the unexpected, something that should not be here, natural killer cells look for the absence of the expected, the absence of something that should be here.","spans":[{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":109,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":21,"token_start":19},{"end":118,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":111,"token_end":23,"token_start":22},{"end":192,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":120,"token_end":37,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["While","T","-","cells","look","for","the","presence","of","the","unexpected",",","something","that","should","not","be","here",",","natural","killer","cells","look","for","the","absence","of","the","expected",",","the","absence","of","something","that","should","be","here","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The logic is, if a cell does not have display windows, it wants to hide something.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","logic","is",",","if","a","cell","does","not","have","display","windows",",","it","wants","to","hide","something","."],"tags":[1,2,21,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And a cell that hides something must be killed.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","a","cell","that","hides","something","must","be","killed","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"What makes the natural killer cell even more metal is that it's always in murder mode.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["What","makes","the","natural","killer","cell","even","more","metal","is","that","it","'s","always","in","murder","mode","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It patrols your body checking cell after cell with the intention of killing it.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","patrols","your","body","checking","cell","after","cell","with","the","intention","of","killing","it","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Your healthy cells have to convince it that they should not die today.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":69,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Your","healthy","cells","have","to","convince","it","that","they","should","not","die","today","."],"tags":[1,2,2,17,18,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"And a way to do that is to have MHC class 1 molecules.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","a","way","to","do","that","is","to","have","MHC","class","1","molecules","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So, in summary, almost all young cancer cells you will ever develop in your life will be killed by your immune system.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":16,"token_start":5},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":86,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":95,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":23,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["So",",","in","summary",",","almost","all","young","cancer","cells","you","will","ever","develop","in","your","life","will","be","killed","by","your","immune","system","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Okay, but if your body is this prepared, why do we still get cancer?","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Okay",",","but","if","your","body","is","this","prepared",",","why","do","we","still","get","cancer","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,13,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Well, sometimes cancer cells mutate more and get much better at fighting back.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Well",",","sometimes","cancer","cells","mutate","more","and","get","much","better","at","fighting","back","."],"tags":[0,0,13,1,2,19,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Cancer is a story of an arms race.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Cancer","is","a","story","of","an","arms","race","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Right now, a number of therapies are beginning to show amazing promise, from cancer-fighting vaccines to engineered T-cells and even natural killer cells.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":153,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":28,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Right","now",",","a","number","of","therapies","are","beginning","to","show","amazing","promise",",","from","cancer","-","fighting","vaccines","to","engineered","T","-","cells","and","even","natural","killer","cells","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We'll look at these therapies in future videos.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","'ll","look","at","these","therapies","in","future","videos","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, the war is not won yet, but we are on to cancer and eventually it will be eliminated once and for all.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So",",","the","war","is","not","won","yet",",","but","we","are","on","to","cancer","and","eventually","it","will","be","eliminated","once","and","for","all","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,15,37,29,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This video was made possible in part by direct viewer support and in part through a grant by Gates Ventures.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","video","was","made","possible","in","part","by","direct","viewer","support","and","in","part","through","a","grant","by","Gates","Ventures","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,33,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Please check out our source document for more background and in-depth information.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Please","check","out","our","source","document","for","more","background","and","in","-","depth","information","."],"tags":[0,31,32,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"From hostile deserts to lonely islands and the highest mountains, wherever there is space to expand into, humans do so.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":17,"token_start":11},{"end":111,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":114,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":113,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":116,"token_end":21,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["From","hostile","deserts","to","lonely","islands","and","the","highest","mountains",",","wherever","there","is","space","to","expand","into",",","humans","do","so","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,0]}
{"text":"So it's hardly surprising that we're already making preparations to set foot on Mars and to create the first permanent colony outside of Earth,","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":142,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":25,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","it","'s","hardly","surprising","that","we","'re","already","making","preparations","to","set","foot","on","Mars","and","to","create","the","first","permanent","colony","outside","of","Earth",","],"tags":[0,3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"maybe even terraform another planet and turn it into a second blue home.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["maybe","even","terraform","another","planet","and","turn","it","into","a","second","blue","home","."],"tags":[13,13,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Before we can get to the nice future stuff, we first have to complete the second phase of colonization, creating a semi-permanent outpost to prepare the ground for a larger human presence.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":60,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":19,"token_start":15},{"end":187,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":35,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Before","we","can","get","to","the","nice","future","stuff",",","we","first","have","to","complete","the","second","phase","of","colonization",",","creating","a","semi","-","permanent","outpost","to","prepare","the","ground","for","a","larger","human","presence","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But doing so will be gruesome.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","doing","so","will","be","gruesome","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Even for an expansionist species like us, Mars is extreme.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Even","for","an","expansionist","species","like","us",",","Mars","is","extreme","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"At first glance, Mars seems familiar.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["At","first","glance",",","Mars","seems","familiar","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, Mars is actually a cold, radioactive desert where the ground is poisonous and breathing is impossible.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":115,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","Mars","is","actually","a","cold",",","radioactive","desert","where","the","ground","is","poisonous","and","breathing","is","impossible","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Mars is awful.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Mars","is","awful","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"You almost certainly don't want to go there.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["You","almost","certainly","do","n't","want","to","go","there","."],"tags":[1,13,14,15,37,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The pioneers doing the hard work on Mars will have an intensely stressful life filled with incredibly challenging problems, never encountered before.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":147,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","pioneers","doing","the","hard","work","on","Mars","will","have","an","intensely","stressful","life","filled","with","incredibly","challenging","problems",",","never","encountered","before","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But there are plenty of people willing to do that work and we have the technology to enable them to do it.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","there","are","plenty","of","people","willing","to","do","that","work","and","we","have","the","technology","to","enable","them","to","do","it","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"For this video, we will assume there have been prior missions to Mars to scout out a good place for an outpost, store resources and equipment and that there's already a moon base that serves as a hub for Mars missions.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":217,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":43,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["For","this","video",",","we","will","assume","there","have","been","prior","missions","to","Mars","to","scout","out","a","good","place","for","an","outpost",",","store","resources","and","equipment","and","that","there","'s","already","a","moon","base","that","serves","as","a","hub","for","Mars","missions","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The first major challenge for our outpost is the fact that Mars is very energy poor.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","first","major","challenge","for","our","outpost","is","the","fact","that","Mars","is","very","energy","poor","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Because of its distance from the Sun, solar power is only 40% as effective as on Earth.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Because","of","its","distance","from","the","Sun",",","solar","power","is","only","40","%","as","effective","as","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But even this weakened sunlight is often obscured for days by enormous dust storms.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","even","this","weakened","sunlight","is","often","obscured","for","days","by","enormous","dust","storms","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Solar power alone will probably not be enough.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Solar","power","alone","will","probably","not","be","enough","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,37,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Alternatives such as wind power and geothermal energy are also unfeasible as there's hardly any atmosphere and Mars's interior is much too cold.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":142,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Alternatives","such","as","wind","power","and","geothermal","energy","are","also","unfeasible","as","there","'s","hardly","any","atmosphere","and","Mars","'s","interior","is","much","too","cold","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Initially, nuclear technology might be the only option.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Initially",",","nuclear","technology","might","be","the","only","option","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Since Mars doesn't have easily accessible radioactive elements, the nuclear fuel needs to come from Earth along with the reactor.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":81,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":128,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Since","Mars","does","n't","have","easily","accessible","radioactive","elements",",","the","nuclear","fuel","needs","to","come","from","Earth","along","with","the","reactor","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If we do set it up, it could power our small outpost for the first few years.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","we","do","set","it","up",",","it","could","power","our","small","outpost","for","the","first","few","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, all that energy won't be very useful if we can't breathe.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","all","that","energy","wo","n't","be","very","useful","if","we","ca","n't","breathe","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,15,37,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Mars's atmosphere is only 1% as dense as Earth's and mostly made up of CO2.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Mars","'s","atmosphere","is","only","1","%","as","dense","as","Earth","'s","and","mostly","made","up","of","CO2","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So our habitats need to be pressurized and filled with an artificial atmosphere made of nitrogen and oxygen, which comes with more problems.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":139,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","our","habitats","need","to","be","pressurized","and","filled","with","an","artificial","atmosphere","made","of","nitrogen","and","oxygen",",","which","comes","with","more","problems","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Corners and flat walls are weak points, so the habitats will have rounded and smooth shapes to handle the stress of great pressure differences between the interior and exterior.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":176,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":29,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Corners","and","flat","walls","are","weak","points",",","so","the","habitats","will","have","rounded","and","smooth","shapes","to","handle","the","stress","of","great","pressure","differences","between","the","interior","and","exterior","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The airlocks need to be very airtight and work perfectly every time.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","airlocks","need","to","be","very","airtight","and","work","perfectly","every","time","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Without an extensive magnetosphere or a dense atmosphere, half of all radiation coming from space reaches the ground.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":96,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":15,"token_start":9},{"end":104,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":98,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":115,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Without","an","extensive","magnetosphere","or","a","dense","atmosphere",",","half","of","all","radiation","coming","from","space","reaches","the","ground","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"A person on the surface would be subjected to 50 times the radiation that they would be on Earth.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","person","on","the","surface","would","be","subjected","to","50","times","the","radiation","that","they","would","be","on","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Three years on the surface of Mars exceeds the radiation dose limits imposed on NASA astronauts for their entire career.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Three","years","on","the","surface","of","Mars","exceeds","the","radiation","dose","limits","imposed","on","NASA","astronauts","for","their","entire","career","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This increases cancer risks significantly.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","increases","cancer","risks","significantly","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,13,0]}
{"text":"To prevent that, we could shield our habitats with a thick layer of frozen CO2 that can be harvested directly from the atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["To","prevent","that",",","we","could","shield","our","habitats","with","a","thick","layer","of","frozen","CO2","that","can","be","harvested","directly","from","the","atmosphere","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Covering the dry ice with a meter of dirt would further increase the level of protection.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Covering","the","dry","ice","with","a","meter","of","dirt","would","further","increase","the","level","of","protection","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Sadly, this means almost no windows.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Sadly",",","this","means","almost","no","windows","."],"tags":[13,0,1,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"From the inside, most living spaces will be windowless tunnels.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["From","the","inside",",","most","living","spaces","will","be","windowless","tunnels","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"From the outside, they'll look like burial mounds.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["From","the","outside",",","they","'ll","look","like","burial","mounds","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"All of this would still not hold back all the radiation, but reduce it just enough to be survivable for long periods of time.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":124,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["All","of","this","would","still","not","hold","back","all","the","radiation",",","but","reduce","it","just","enough","to","be","survivable","for","long","periods","of","time","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,37,31,32,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It won't, however, protect anyone who ventures outside.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","wo","n't",",","however",",","protect","anyone","who","ventures","outside","."],"tags":[1,15,37,0,13,0,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So, remote-controlled robots will be used for routine work on the surface while our crew stays inside.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["So",",","remote","-","controlled","robots","will","be","used","for","routine","work","on","the","surface","while","our","crew","stays","inside","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Staying inside is a good idea for another reason.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Staying","inside","is","a","good","idea","for","another","reason","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's much finer than dust on Earth, so it could find its way into the gears or electronics of our machines.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","'s","much","finer","than","dust","on","Earth",",","so","it","could","find","its","way","into","the","gears","or","electronics","of","our","machines","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Because it's also very dry, it's electrostatically charged, sticking to everything, like spacesuits.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Because","it","'s","also","very","dry",",","it","'s","electrostatically","charged",",","sticking","to","everything",",","like","spacesuits","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,29,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It would be impossible to avoid carrying lots of Mars dust into our habitat and into the lungs of our crew.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":106,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","would","be","impossible","to","avoid","carrying","lots","of","Mars","dust","into","our","habitat","and","into","the","lungs","of","our","crew","."],"tags":[3,15,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"To make this even worse, Mars' soil is filled with very toxic perchlorate salts.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","make","this","even","worse",",","Mars","'","soil","is","filled","with","very","toxic","perchlorate","salts","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Constant exposure could be deadly.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Constant","exposure","could","be","deadly","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"This problem can still be overcome, though.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","problem","can","still","be","overcome",",","though","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,15,29,0,13,0]}
{"text":"Spacesuits, for example, could be made in a way that they never truly enter the base, but stay attached to the outside of the habitats.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":27,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Spacesuits",",","for","example",",","could","be","made","in","a","way","that","they","never","truly","enter","the","base",",","but","stay","attached","to","the","outside","of","the","habitats","."],"tags":[1,0,13,14,0,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Now we've safely isolated humans in terms of energy and air, and protected them from cancer, we just need to feed them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Now","we","'ve","safely","isolated","humans","in","terms","of","energy","and","air",",","and","protected","them","from","cancer",",","we","just","need","to","feed","them","."],"tags":[13,1,15,13,23,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Water is easy to come by if a settlement is positioned near the Martian poles with their thick layers of ice.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Water","is","easy","to","come","by","if","a","settlement","is","positioned","near","the","Martian","poles","with","their","thick","layers","of","ice","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Growing food is a different kind of challenge, though.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Growing","food","is","a","different","kind","of","challenge",",","though","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,13,0]}
{"text":"Mars' soils are alkaline and lack the vital nitrogen compounds that plants need to grow.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Mars","'","soils","are","alkaline","and","lack","the","vital","nitrogen","compounds","that","plants","need","to","grow","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Before we can grow anything, we will have to decontaminate the soil, which is difficult and expensive.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Before","we","can","grow","anything",",","we","will","have","to","decontaminate","the","soil",",","which","is","difficult","and","expensive","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,17,18,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Then the soil can be fertilized using recycled biological waste.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Then","the","soil","can","be","fertilized","using","recycled","biological","waste","."],"tags":[13,1,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All of this will take a lot of time and is very energy intensive.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["All","of","this","will","take","a","lot","of","time","and","is","very","energy","intensive","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So we might use aquaponics to raise fish and plants together, making the astronauts' diets more varied and tasty at the same time.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":24,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","we","might","use","aquaponics","to","raise","fish","and","plants","together",",","making","the","astronauts","'","diets","more","varied","and","tasty","at","the","same","time","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,41,42,42,42,42,42,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This will be an important psychological boost for our overworked crew.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","will","be","an","important","psychological","boost","for","our","overworked","crew","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"All of these things don't solve one fundamental problem, though.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["All","of","these","things","do","n't","solve","one","fundamental","problem",",","though","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,0,13,0]}
{"text":"Mars has only 38% of Earth's surface gravity, which could cause muscle wasting, bone loss, and cardiovascular problems.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":117,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Mars","has","only","38","%","of","Earth","'s","surface","gravity",",","which","could","cause","muscle","wasting",",","bone","loss",",","and","cardiovascular","problems","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"While this might be solved in the future by setting up rotating living spaces, for now, our crew has to live with low gravity and exercise a lot to slow the degradation down.","spans":[{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":96,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":19,"token_start":18},{"end":103,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":97,"token_end":21,"token_start":20},{"end":108,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":104,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":25,"token_start":23},{"end":173,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":130,"token_end":34,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["While","this","might","be","solved","in","the","future","by","setting","up","rotating","living","spaces",",","for","now",",","our","crew","has","to","live","with","low","gravity","and","exercise","a","lot","to","slow","the","degradation","down","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,0,1,2,17,18,19,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The crews will probably have to rotate every few years after being stuck indoors in tight spaces without windows,","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","crews","will","probably","have","to","rotate","every","few","years","after","being","stuck","indoors","in","tight","spaces","without","windows",","],"tags":[1,2,15,13,17,18,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Like Antarctic scientists or submarine staff, they will undergo intense psychological screening to make sure they're mentally resilient enough to handle this lifestyle for several years.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":184,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":27,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Like","Antarctic","scientists","or","submarine","staff",",","they","will","undergo","intense","psychological","screening","to","make","sure","they","'re","mentally","resilient","enough","to","handle","this","lifestyle","for","several","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Establishing the first real infrastructure on Mars will be extremely taxing work that only a group of very determined and competent people can do.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":144,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Establishing","the","first","real","infrastructure","on","Mars","will","be","extremely","taxing","work","that","only","a","group","of","very","determined","and","competent","people","can","do","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Luckily, we have enough of these on Earth.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Luckily",",","we","have","enough","of","these","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"And there you have it, a small Mars base that will survive for at least a few decades, as long as it's getting a constant supply of resources, parts, nuclear fuel, and crews from Earth.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":184,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":40,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","there","you","have","it",",","a","small","Mars","base","that","will","survive","for","at","least","a","few","decades",",","as","long","as","it","'s","getting","a","constant","supply","of","resources",",","parts",",","nuclear","fuel",",","and","crews","from","Earth","."],"tags":[0,13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, Mars and Earth are separated by millions of kilometers and orbital periods that leave only a narrow travel window every two years.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":143,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":23,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","Mars","and","Earth","are","separated","by","millions","of","kilometers","and","orbital","periods","that","leave","only","a","narrow","travel","window","every","two","years","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If there's an emergency in the colony, Earth wouldn't be able to help until the next travel window opens.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":21,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","there","'s","an","emergency","in","the","colony",",","Earth","would","n't","be","able","to","help","until","the","next","travel","window","opens","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,17,18,18,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Helpers may arrive on a planet filled with corpses.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Helpers","may","arrive","on","a","planet","filled","with","corpses","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Settling Mars will be the toughest challenge we have ever faced.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Settling","Mars","will","be","the","toughest","challenge","we","have","ever","faced","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It will be gruesome work to establish the infrastructure we need.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","will","be","gruesome","work","to","establish","the","infrastructure","we","need","."],"tags":[3,15,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But we're stubborn and we like extreme challenges.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","we","'re","stubborn","and","we","like","extreme","challenges","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If we push through phase two of colonization, anything is possible.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","we","push","through","phase","two","of","colonization",",","anything","is","possible","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Going to Mars is hard, but worth it.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Going","to","Mars","is","hard",",","but","worth","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And if we're lucky, we might be around long enough to see it happening and cheer on the people who take on these challenges for the benefit of us all.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":149,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":31,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","if","we","'re","lucky",",","we","might","be","around","long","enough","to","see","it","happening","and","cheer","on","the","people","who","take","on","these","challenges","for","the","benefit","of","us","all","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,33,34,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Figuring out complex stuff is one of the best feelings ever, especially if you don't have to do it all by yourself.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Figuring","out","complex","stuff","is","one","of","the","best","feelings","ever",",","especially","if","you","do","n't","have","to","do","it","all","by","yourself","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our friends from Brilliant can help you out with that part.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Our","friends","from","Brilliant","can","help","you","out","with","that","part","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,5,35,13,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"Instead of just dropping tricky concepts in front of you, they help you unravel them bit by bit and build up to an interesting conclusion.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":137,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Instead","of","just","dropping","tricky","concepts","in","front","of","you",",","they","help","you","unravel","them","bit","by","bit","and","build","up","to","an","interesting","conclusion","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This way, science becomes something you actually do actively and not only hear about.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","way",",","science","becomes","something","you","actually","do","actively","and","not","only","hear","about","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"With Brilliant, you can bear down on dozens of interesting courses and puzzles about topics like solar energy, gravity, and astronomy.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":23,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["With","Brilliant",",","you","can","bear","down","on","dozens","of","interesting","courses","and","puzzles","about","topics","like","solar","energy",",","gravity",",","and","astronomy","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,31,32,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you visit brilliant.org\/nutshell or click the link in the description, you can sign up for free and learn all kinds of things.","spans":[{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":103,"token_end":23,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","you","visit","brilliant.org\/nutshell","or","click","the","link","in","the","description",",","you","can","sign","up","for","free","and","learn","all","kinds","of","things","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And as a bonus for Kurzgesagt viewers, the first 688 people will also get 20% off their annual membership.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","as","a","bonus","for","Kurzgesagt","viewers",",","the","first","688","people","will","also","get","20","%","off","their","annual","membership","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"With Brilliant, you finish your day a little bit smarter.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["With","Brilliant",",","you","finish","your","day","a","little","bit","smarter","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And no Mars dust to deal with, we promise.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","no","Mars","dust","to","deal","with",",","we","promise","."],"tags":[0,5,6,6,33,34,34,0,1,19,0]}
{"text":"Can't get enough of Mars?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Ca","n't","get","enough","of","Mars","?"],"tags":[15,37,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We've also made a poster about it.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","'ve","also","made","a","poster","about","it","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You can learn some more about the hardships of Mars colonization or just look at the pretty colors.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["You","can","learn","some","more","about","the","hardships","of","Mars","colonization","or","just","look","at","the","pretty","colors","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Your tattoos are inside your immune system, literally.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Your","tattoos","are","inside","your","immune","system",",","literally","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0,13,0]}
{"text":"With each very tasteful piece of art, you kickstart a drama with millions of deaths, grand sacrifices and your immune system stepping in to protect you from yourself.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":164,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":29,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["With","each","very","tasteful","piece","of","art",",","you","kickstart","a","drama","with","millions","of","deaths",",","grand","sacrifices","and","your","immune","system","stepping","in","to","protect","you","from","yourself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's give you a tattoo and zoom in to see what happens inside your skin.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":72,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","give","you","a","tattoo","and","zoom","in","to","see","what","happens","inside","your","skin","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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{"text":"It's your largest organ and has the most direct contact with the world around you.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","'s","your","largest","organ","and","has","the","most","direct","contact","with","the","world","around","you","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Trillions of microbes, dirt, insects and vermin can't be allowed to get inside you.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":82,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Trillions","of","microbes",",","dirt",",","insects","and","vermin","ca","n't","be","allowed","to","get","inside","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,15,29,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But your skin is also constantly damaged by you moving through the world.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","your","skin","is","also","constantly","damaged","by","you","moving","through","the","world","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,13,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Your body solved this by making your skin a conveyor belt of death.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","body","solved","this","by","making","your","skin","a","conveyor","belt","of","death","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All the skin you see is actually dead stuff.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","the","skin","you","see","is","actually","dead","stuff","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The alive part of your skin cells begins around one millimeter deep in the skin industrial complex.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","alive","part","of","your","skin","cells","begins","around","one","millimeter","deep","in","the","skin","industrial","complex","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Stem cells constantly clone themselves, producing new skin cells that begin a journey from the inside to the outside.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Stem","cells","constantly","clone","themselves",",","producing","new","skin","cells","that","begin","a","journey","from","the","inside","to","the","outside","."],"tags":[1,2,13,19,5,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Each new generation pushes the older ones further up.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Each","new","generation","pushes","the","older","ones","further","up","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"As your skin cells mature, they interlock with each other and produce laminar bodies.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":84,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["As","your","skin","cells","mature",",","they","interlock","with","each","other","and","produce","laminar","bodies","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And then they dry out and kill themselves, merging together into inseparable lumps.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","then","they","dry","out","and","kill","themselves",",","merging","together","into","inseparable","lumps","."],"tags":[0,13,1,31,32,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This wall of dead corpses is consistently pushed upwards.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","wall","of","dead","corpses","is","consistently","pushed","upwards","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,13,29,13,0]}
{"text":"Up to 50 layers of dead cells cover your whole body and are constantly replaced by new cells moving up.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Up","to","50","layers","of","dead","cells","cover","your","whole","body","and","are","constantly","replaced","by","new","cells","moving","up","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Every hour, you shed around 200 million dead skin cells and all the dirt or bacteria that are stuck to them.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Every","hour",",","you","shed","around","200","million","dead","skin","cells","and","all","the","dirt","or","bacteria","that","are","stuck","to","them","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Tattooing this part of your skin would be useless as nothing would stick around.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Tattooing","this","part","of","your","skin","would","be","useless","as","nothing","would","stick","around","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We need to go deeper.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","to","go","deeper","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Below the conveyor belt of death lies the dermis.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Below","the","conveyor","belt","of","death","lies","the","dermis","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,25,1,2,0]}
{"text":"It's full of structural tissue and cells.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","full","of","structural","tissue","and","cells","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This region and below is where your new tattoo will go.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","region","and","below","is","where","your","new","tattoo","will","go","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The world explodes.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["The","world","explodes","."],"tags":[1,2,25,0]}
{"text":"Half a dozen monoliths the size of skyscrapers slam through the 50 layers of dead cells deep into the dermis, ripping huge holes into the skin.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":15,"token_start":9},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":19,"token_start":16},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":26,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Half","a","dozen","monoliths","the","size","of","skyscrapers","slam","through","the","50","layers","of","dead","cells","deep","into","the","dermis",",","ripping","huge","holes","into","the","skin","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Tens of thousands of cells are violently killed right away, ripped into pieces or damaged beyond repair.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Tens","of","thousands","of","cells","are","violently","killed","right","away",",","ripped","into","pieces","or","damaged","beyond","repair","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Luckily, you did your research and chose a responsible tattoo artist who properly disinfected their tools and your skin.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Luckily",",","you","did","your","research","and","chose","a","responsible","tattoo","artist","who","properly","disinfected","their","tools","and","your","skin","."],"tags":[13,0,1,23,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But you only ever get 99.9% of all bacteria and some of the survivors made it into your flesh.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","you","only","ever","get","99.9","%","of","all","bacteria","and","some","of","the","survivors","made","it","into","your","flesh","."],"tags":[0,1,13,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To put it mildly, your immune system is not amused at all.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","put","it","mildly",",","your","immune","system","is","not","amused","at","all","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,37,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"All the death and destruction wakes up hundreds of thousands of macrophages in your dermis that rush into the open wounds to defend you.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":135,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":23,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","the","death","and","destruction","wakes","up","hundreds","of","thousands","of","macrophages","in","your","dermis","that","rush","into","the","open","wounds","to","defend","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Immediately, they start killing bacteria, release chemicals that call for reinforcements, and order your blood vessels to open up and make your dermis swell up with fluid.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":129,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":94,"token_end":21,"token_start":15},{"end":170,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":134,"token_end":29,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["Immediately",",","they","start","killing","bacteria",",","release","chemicals","that","call","for","reinforcements",",","and","order","your","blood","vessels","to","open","up","and","make","your","dermis","swell","up","with","fluid","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But worse than the hundreds of wounds and a few invaders is the tidal wave of chemicals that floods your tissue.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":111,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","worse","than","the","hundreds","of","wounds","and","a","few","invaders","is","the","tidal","wave","of","chemicals","that","floods","your","tissue","."],"tags":[0,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Tattoo ink can be made from hundreds of substances.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Tattoo","ink","can","be","made","from","hundreds","of","substances","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"Most are from heavy metals like lead, nickel, or chromium dissolved in distilled water.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Most","are","from","heavy","metals","like","lead",",","nickel",",","or","chromium","dissolved","in","distilled","water","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The battlefield is now a wild mix of dead cell parts, a few panicked bacteria, blood and bodily fluids, platelet cells trying to close wounds, more and more fresh immune cells, and the flood of tattoo ink.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":203,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":41,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","battlefield","is","now","a","wild","mix","of","dead","cell","parts",",","a","few","panicked","bacteria",",","blood","and","bodily","fluids",",","platelet","cells","trying","to","close","wounds",",","more","and","more","fresh","immune","cells",",","and","the","flood","of","tattoo","ink","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On the scale of your cells, clumps of ink particles are huge.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["On","the","scale","of","your","cells",",","clumps","of","ink","particles","are","huge","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"If you were the size of a cell, they'd range from big dogs to small office buildings.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","you","were","the","size","of","a","cell",",","they","'d","range","from","big","dogs","to","small","office","buildings","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Your immune system has one main job.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","immune","system","has","one","main","job","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Identify what is not you and smash it until it's dead.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Identify","what","is","not","you","and","smash","it","until","it","'s","dead","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The macrophages are desperately trying to do that.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","macrophages","are","desperately","trying","to","do","that","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,27,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Like tiny octopuses, they extend arm-like structures and begin pulling the ink particles inside.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Like","tiny","octopuses",",","they","extend","arm","-","like","structures","and","begin","pulling","the","ink","particles","inside","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Usually, when a macrophage has eaten an enemy, it showers it in acid to dissolve it.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Usually",",","when","a","macrophage","has","eaten","an","enemy",",","it","showers","it","in","acid","to","dissolve","it","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,13,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But this doesn't work with the ink.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","this","does","n't","work","with","the","ink","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They try and try, but nothing works.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","try","and","try",",","but","nothing","works","."],"tags":[1,19,0,41,0,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"The particles don't react in any way.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","particles","do","n't","react","in","any","way","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And this is just the particles small enough to be devoured.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","this","is","just","the","particles","small","enough","to","be","devoured","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"By now, the larger chunks are surrounded by thousands of your structural skin cells and macrophages that are nomming on them, bathing them in acid and attack chemicals, trying to destroy and kill them.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":199,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":36,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["By","now",",","the","larger","chunks","are","surrounded","by","thousands","of","your","structural","skin","cells","and","macrophages","that","are","nomming","on","them",",","bathing","them","in","acid","and","attack","chemicals",",","trying","to","destroy","and","kill","them","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But they're not moving even a tiny bit.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","they","'re","not","moving","even","a","tiny","bit","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,27,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Nothing works.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Nothing","works","."],"tags":[1,25,0]}
{"text":"Finally, your immune system has to concede.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Finally",",","your","immune","system","has","to","concede","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,17,18,19,0]}
{"text":"It will not win this fight, so it does the next best thing, not lose.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":68,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","will","not","win","this","fight",",","so","it","does","the","next","best","thing",",","not","lose","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Your cells don't know how dangerous these metals and chemicals are, but they can at least not let them spread around.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Your","cells","do","n't","know","how","dangerous","these","metals","and","chemicals","are",",","but","they","can","at","least","not","let","them","spread","around","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So they just stay in place.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","they","just","stay","in","place","."],"tags":[0,1,13,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"They vacuum all the particles they can fit into their bodies, and surround the larger ones, trapping them in the only prison they can build, themselves.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":151,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":28,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["They","vacuum","all","the","particles","they","can","fit","into","their","bodies",",","and","surround","the","larger","ones",",","trapping","them","in","the","only","prison","they","can","build",",","themselves","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Bit by bit, the ink inside thousands of tiny wounds moves inside millions of immune cells that freeze in place forever.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Bit","by","bit",",","the","ink","inside","thousands","of","tiny","wounds","moves","inside","millions","of","immune","cells","that","freeze","in","place","forever","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"On the outside, you don't notice any of this.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["On","the","outside",",","you","do","n't","notice","any","of","this","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Your new tattoo is fresh and the colors are vibrant.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Your","new","tattoo","is","fresh","and","the","colors","are","vibrant","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Your skin hurts and is irritated and swollen.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","skin","hurts","and","is","irritated","and","swollen","."],"tags":[1,2,25,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But wounds heal, tiny holes close, dead cells are replaced.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["But","wounds","heal",",","tiny","holes","close",",","dead","cells","are","replaced","."],"tags":[0,1,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Bit by bit, the conveyor belt of death does its job, shedding dead cells ripe in color, replacing them with fresh and clean ones.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":26,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Bit","by","bit",",","the","conveyor","belt","of","death","does","its","job",",","shedding","dead","cells","ripe","in","color",",","replacing","them","with","fresh","and","clean","ones","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Your tattoo becomes a little less vibrant, now the ink is no longer on your skin, but inside it.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Your","tattoo","becomes","a","little","less","vibrant",",","now","the","ink","is","no","longer","on","your","skin",",","but","inside","it","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But what you're really seeing is millions of your macrophages sitting in your dermis, patiently holding the ink in place, protecting your body from poison.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":154,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":27,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","what","you","'re","really","seeing","is","millions","of","your","macrophages","sitting","in","your","dermis",",","patiently","holding","the","ink","in","place",",","protecting","your","body","from","poison","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Your immune system is why your tattoo is forever.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","immune","system","is","why","your","tattoo","is","forever","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Actually, nothing is forever.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Actually",",","nothing","is","forever","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Over time, your macrophages get old and die, and new ones come in to gobble up the ink and keep it in place.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Over","time",",","your","macrophages","get","old","and","die",",","and","new","ones","come","in","to","gobble","up","the","ink","and","keep","it","in","place","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,21,11,0,41,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But sometimes, a tiny bit of ink escapes.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","sometimes",",","a","tiny","bit","of","ink","escapes","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,2,2,2,25,0]}
{"text":"Most of it is recaptured and locked in place, but not always the exact same place.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Most","of","it","is","recaptured","and","locked","in","place",",","but","not","always","the","exact","same","place","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"You notice that as your tattoo fades out a bit and turns less sharp and crisp at its edges.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","notice","that","as","your","tattoo","fades","out","a","bit","and","turns","less","sharp","and","crisp","at","its","edges","."],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Some of the ink escapes the tattoo entirely.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Some","of","the","ink","escapes","the","tattoo","entirely","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,13,0]}
{"text":"It rides fluids flowing from your tissue and spreads around your body, another reason why tattoo ink should ideally not be poison.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":129,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","rides","fluids","flowing","from","your","tissue","and","spreads","around","your","body",",","another","reason","why","tattoo","ink","should","ideally","not","be","poison","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Your immune system also kind of doesn't want you to remove tattoos.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Your","immune","system","also","kind","of","does","n't","want","you","to","remove","tattoos","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,13,14,15,37,19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"To do that, usually the ink is shot at with lasers, which heats up the particles until they break into smaller chunks, cooking your brave macrophages in the process.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":164,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":31,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["To","do","that",",","usually","the","ink","is","shot","at","with","lasers",",","which","heats","up","the","particles","until","they","break","into","smaller","chunks",",","cooking","your","brave","macrophages","in","the","process","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,1,2,15,29,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"With every round of lasering, more of your tattoo is broken down and carried away by fluids.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["With","every","round","of","lasering",",","more","of","your","tattoo","is","broken","down","and","carried","away","by","fluids","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,35,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But also, every time, new macrophages rush into the tattoo to lock the ink in place.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","also",",","every","time",",","new","macrophages","rush","into","the","tattoo","to","lock","the","ink","in","place","."],"tags":[0,13,0,13,14,0,1,2,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So like, hmm, maybe think about it carefully before you get the name of your new bae tattooed.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","like",",","hmm",",","maybe","think","about","it","carefully","before","you","get","the","name","of","your","new","bae","tattooed","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,13,31,32,5,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But you do you.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","you","do","you","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"But if you got one, you can directly see your immune system protecting you.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","if","you","got","one",",","you","can","directly","see","your","immune","system","protecting","you","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,33,34,0]}
{"text":"This is how much your body loves you, which is kind of sweet.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","how","much","your","body","loves","you",",","which","is","kind","of","sweet","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"you now know about the struggle going on inside your skin and the sacrifice of your macrophage buddies, only for you to have that art forever.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":26,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["you","now","know","about","the","struggle","going","on","inside","your","skin","and","the","sacrifice","of","your","macrophage","buddies",",","only","for","you","to","have","that","art","forever","."],"tags":[1,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To appreciate your amazing immune system, you have to know about it first.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["To","appreciate","your","amazing","immune","system",",","you","have","to","know","about","it","first","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,19,13,14,13,0]}
{"text":"And the same goes for anything going on in our universe.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","the","same","goes","for","anything","going","on","in","our","universe","."],"tags":[0,1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To help you with that, we've created a series of lessons to take your scientific knowledge to the next level.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["To","help","you","with","that",",","we","'ve","created","a","series","of","lessons","to","take","your","scientific","knowledge","to","the","next","level","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Made in collaboration with our friends at Brilliant.org, these lessons let you further explore the topics in our most popular videos, from rabies and mammalian metabolism to climate science and supernovae.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":71,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":204,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":32,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Made","in","collaboration","with","our","friends","at","Brilliant.org",",","these","lessons","let","you","further","explore","the","topics","in","our","most","popular","videos",",","from","rabies","and","mammalian","metabolism","to","climate","science","and","supernovae","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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{"text":"Brilliant's latest course, How LLMs Work, takes you under the hood of real language models.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":90,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Brilliant","'s","latest","course",",","How","LLMs","Work",",","takes","you","under","the","hood","of","real","language","models","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,0,39,40,40,0,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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{"text":"We love seeing how the gears interlock with our research.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","love","seeing","how","the","gears","interlock","with","our","research","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Brilliant gives you the tools to understand how everything fits together.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Brilliant","gives","you","the","tools","to","understand","how","everything","fits","together","."],"tags":[1,25,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"Never before in human history have we been richer, more advanced, more powerful.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Never","before","in","human","history","have","we","been","richer",",","more","advanced",",","more","powerful","."],"tags":[37,13,13,14,14,15,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And yet, we feel overwhelmed in the face of rapid climate change.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","we","feel","overwhelmed","in","the","face","of","rapid","climate","change","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It seems simple on the surface.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","seems","simple","on","the","surface","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Greenhouse gases trap energy from the sun and transfer it to our atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Greenhouse","gases","trap","energy","from","the","sun","and","transfer","it","to","our","atmosphere","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This leads to warmer winters, harsher summers.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","leads","to","warmer","winters",",","harsher","summers","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Dry places become drier and wet places wetter.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Dry","places","become","drier","and","wet","places","wetter","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Countless ecosystems will die while the rising oceans swallow coasts and the cities we build on them.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Countless","ecosystems","will","die","while","the","rising","oceans","swallow","coasts","and","the","cities","we","build","on","them","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Well, it's complicated.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Well",",","it","'s","complicated","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The public debate about stopping rapid climate change often focuses on a few key features, like coal plants, cars or burping cows.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":129,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","public","debate","about","stopping","rapid","climate","change","often","focuses","on","a","few","key","features",",","like","coal","plants",",","cars","or","burping","cows","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And so the solutions are often simplistic.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","so","the","solutions","are","often","simplistic","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"And a huge talking point is personal responsibility.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","a","huge","talking","point","is","personal","responsibility","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"How you should change your lifestyle to prevent rapid climate change, which we'll find out together in the next few minutes.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["How","you","should","change","your","lifestyle","to","prevent","rapid","climate","change",",","which","we","'ll","find","out","together","in","the","next","few","minutes","."],"tags":[13,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This is one of those videos where we want to encourage you to watch to the end,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","one","of","those","videos","where","we","want","to","encourage","you","to","watch","to","the","end",","],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"because to discuss real doable solutions, we first need to understand the problem.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["because","to","discuss","real","doable","solutions",",","we","first","need","to","understand","the","problem","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Modern industrial society as we constructed it in the last 150 years is inherently destructive to the planet.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":107,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Modern","industrial","society","as","we","constructed","it","in","the","last","150","years","is","inherently","destructive","to","the","planet","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Basically, everything we do to make our lives easier, safer and more comfortable is making things worse for the biosphere.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":14,"token_start":2},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":121,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":21,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Basically",",","everything","we","do","to","make","our","lives","easier",",","safer","and","more","comfortable","is","making","things","worse","for","the","biosphere","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"While most people know about the serious impact of energy, beef, cars and planes, many major polluters are barely ever talked about.","spans":[{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":102,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":19,"token_start":17},{"end":106,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":103,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":114,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":125,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":119,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":131,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":126,"token_end":24,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["While","most","people","know","about","the","serious","impact","of","energy",",","beef",",","cars","and","planes",",","many","major","polluters","are","barely","ever","talked","about","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,13,13,29,35,0]}
{"text":"The emissions leaking out of landfills are as significant as the emissions of all the jets in the air.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","emissions","leaking","out","of","landfills","are","as","significant","as","the","emissions","of","all","the","jets","in","the","air","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"More CO2 is released to run our homes than from all cars combined.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["More","CO2","is","released","to","run","our","homes","than","from","all","cars","combined","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And the emissions produced when making a new car is equivalent to building just two meters of road.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","the","emissions","produced","when","making","a","new","car","is","equivalent","to","building","just","two","meters","of","road","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So it is nice to switch to electric cars, but they won't solve anything if we keep building roads the same way.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So","it","is","nice","to","switch","to","electric","cars",",","but","they","wo","n't","solve","anything","if","we","keep","building","roads","the","same","way","."],"tags":[0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Fixing one small part of the industrial system is not enough.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Fixing","one","small","part","of","the","industrial","system","is","not","enough","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"Each of the many different parts needs its own solution and many of them aren't straightforward.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Each","of","the","many","different","parts","needs","its","own","solution","and","many","of","them","are","n't","straightforward","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But even where we know what to do, just because a solution exists, doesn't mean we're able or willing to implement it.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":74,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":75,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":117,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":25,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["But","even","where","we","know","what","to","do",",","just","because","a","solution","exists",",","does","n't","mean","we","'re","able","or","willing","to","implement","it","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There are many grey areas in the fight against rapid climate change.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","many","grey","areas","in","the","fight","against","rapid","climate","change","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The most prominent one is the divide between rich and poor.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","most","prominent","one","is","the","divide","between","rich","and","poor","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There is a clear connection between the prosperity of a nation and its carbon emissions.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","a","clear","connection","between","the","prosperity","of","a","nation","and","its","carbon","emissions","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In other words, richer people tend to cause more emissions.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","other","words",",","richer","people","tend","to","cause","more","emissions","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,19,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"While this would help, it wouldn't make the problem go away.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["While","this","would","help",",","it","would","n't","make","the","problem","go","away","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,33,34,0]}
{"text":"This is because 63% of global emissions come from low to middle-income countries.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","because","63","%","of","global","emissions","come","from","low","to","middle","-","income","countries","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The unfortunate reality is that currently, escaping poverty and becoming middle class creates unavoidable emissions.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":114,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","unfortunate","reality","is","that","currently",",","escaping","poverty","and","becoming","middle","class","creates","unavoidable","emissions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So asking developing countries to cut emissions just looks like an attempt to keep them down.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","asking","developing","countries","to","cut","emissions","just","looks","like","an","attempt","to","keep","them","down","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's very hard to argue that a region should protect their primeval forests and spend money on soda panels instead of burning wood","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":130,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","very","hard","to","argue","that","a","region","should","protect","their","primeval","forests","and","spend","money","on","soda","panels","instead","of","burning","wood"],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2]}
{"text":"But cutting back is not a popular demand, especially if the countries making these demands got rich by causing environmental damage in the past.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":143,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","cutting","back","is","not","a","popular","demand",",","especially","if","the","countries","making","these","demands","got","rich","by","causing","environmental","damage","in","the","past","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,37,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So for billions of people, more emissions are a good thing, personally.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","for","billions","of","people",",","more","emissions","are","a","good","thing",",","personally","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,0,13,0]}
{"text":"When we forget about this, we tend to propose unworkable solutions.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["When","we","forget","about","this",",","we","tend","to","propose","unworkable","solutions","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Take concrete.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Take","concrete","."],"tags":[19,5,0]}
{"text":"8% of CO2 emissions are released by the concrete manufacturing industry.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["8","%","of","CO2","emissions","are","released","by","the","concrete","manufacturing","industry","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But right now, concrete is also a cheap and easy way for growing populations in developing countries to build affordable housing.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":128,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","right","now",",","concrete","is","also","a","cheap","and","easy","way","for","growing","populations","in","developing","countries","to","build","affordable","housing","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And there are many examples like that.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","are","many","examples","like","that","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Even rich countries aren't immune from disagreeing about rapid climate change solutions,","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Even","rich","countries","are","n't","immune","from","disagreeing","about","rapid","climate","change","solutions",","],"tags":[1,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Citizens can be strictly against nuclear power, but also oppose wind or solar infrastructure in their backyards.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Citizens","can","be","strictly","against","nuclear","power",",","but","also","oppose","wind","or","solar","infrastructure","in","their","backyards","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In principle, all of these issues can be overcome, but there are things we don't currently know how to overcome.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","principle",",","all","of","these","issues","can","be","overcome",",","but","there","are","things","we","do","n't","currently","know","how","to","overcome","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,15,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The most problematic one is food.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","most","problematic","one","is","food","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Emit or die.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Emit","or","die","."],"tags":[19,0,41,0]}
{"text":"We will soon need to feed 10 billion people, and we don't know how to do that without emitting greenhouse gases.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","will","soon","need","to","feed","10","billion","people",",","and","we","do","n't","know","how","to","do","that","without","emitting","greenhouse","gases","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Because of the nature of modern food production that requires fertilizers or manure, it's impossible to have zero emissions food.","spans":[{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":87,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":89,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":87,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":128,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Because","of","the","nature","of","modern","food","production","that","requires","fertilizers","or","manure",",","it","'s","impossible","to","have","zero","emissions","food","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Rice alone emits so much methane each year that it practically equals the emissions of all the air traffic in the world.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Rice","alone","emits","so","much","methane","each","year","that","it","practically","equals","the","emissions","of","all","the","air","traffic","in","the","world","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"What's worse is that the foods we like the most emit the most.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","'s","worse","is","that","the","foods","we","like","the","most","emit","the","most","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"57% of food emissions come from animal-based foods, although they make up only 18% of the world's calories and 37% of its protein.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":29,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["57","%","of","food","emissions","come","from","animal","-","based","foods",",","although","they","make","up","only","18","%","of","the","world","'s","calories","and","37","%","of","its","protein","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And as people across the world grow richer, they want more meat.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","as","people","across","the","world","grow","richer",",","they","want","more","meat","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Traditional diets in most cultures were primarily plant-based with a little meat on top.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Traditional","diets","in","most","cultures","were","primarily","plant","-","based","with","a","little","meat","on","top","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But with the rise of industrial-style meat production and factory farming, meat has become a staple food.","spans":[{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":90,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":104,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["But","with","the","rise","of","industrial","-","style","meat","production","and","factory","farming",",","meat","has","become","a","staple","food","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Today, about 40% of the world's habitable land is used for meat production in some form or another, the size of North and South America combined.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Today",",","about","40","%","of","the","world","'s","habitable","land","is","used","for","meat","production","in","some","form","or","another",",","the","size","of","North","and","South","America","combined","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This is land we could otherwise allow native ecosystems to regrow, like forests in the Amazon, and suck carbon out of the atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":131,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":24,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","land","we","could","otherwise","allow","native","ecosystems","to","regrow",",","like","forests","in","the","Amazon",",","and","suck","carbon","out","of","the","atmosphere","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But instead, most of it is used to feed animals.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","instead",",","most","of","it","is","used","to","feed","animals","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The available solutions are uniquely able to make everybody on the political spectrum, rich or poor, unhappy.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":107,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","available","solutions","are","uniquely","able","to","make","everybody","on","the","political","spectrum",",","rich","or","poor",",","unhappy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Meat is highly emotional and there are a lot of what-aboutism arguments floating around, like comparing it to the worst sources of emissions.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":140,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":25,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Meat","is","highly","emotional","and","there","are","a","lot","of","what","-","aboutism","arguments","floating","around",",","like","comparing","it","to","the","worst","sources","of","emissions","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In the end, it's pretty simple.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","it","'s","pretty","simple","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Eating less meat alone won't stop climate change, but we also can't stop climate change without eating less meat.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":112,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Eating","less","meat","alone","wo","n't","stop","climate","change",",","but","we","also","ca","n't","stop","climate","change","without","eating","less","meat","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The same holds true for other things that are less crucial to our survival, but frankly not realistic to make go away.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","same","holds","true","for","other","things","that","are","less","crucial","to","our","survival",",","but","frankly","not","realistic","to","make","go","away","."],"tags":[1,2,25,33,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So what does this mean?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","what","does","this","mean","?"],"tags":[0,5,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"Do we need to give up our way of life and can the poor never achieve it?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Do","we","need","to","give","up","our","way","of","life","and","can","the","poor","never","achieve","it","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Can't some technology save us so we can continue to drive our big cars and eat meat every day?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Ca","n't","some","technology","save","us","so","we","can","continue","to","drive","our","big","cars","and","eat","meat","every","day","?"],"tags":[15,37,1,2,19,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In principle, this technology already exists.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","principle",",","this","technology","already","exists","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,13,25,0]}
{"text":"Direct air capture of CO2 draws carbon dioxide from the air so that it can be stored underground or transformed into products.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Direct","air","capture","of","CO2","draws","carbon","dioxide","from","the","air","so","that","it","can","be","stored","underground","or","transformed","into","products","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So why aren't we implementing it in every industry everywhere?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","why","are","n't","we","implementing","it","in","every","industry","everywhere","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,37,1,27,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Because with the technology we have right now, this would cost some 10 trillion dollars per year or half the United States GDP.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":126,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Because","with","the","technology","we","have","right","now",",","this","would","cost","some","10","trillion","dollars","per","year","or","half","the","United","States","GDP","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This money has to come from somewhere and currently no one is offering it.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","money","has","to","come","from","somewhere","and","currently","no","one","is","offering","it","."],"tags":[1,2,17,18,31,32,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Just dumping these costs on massive polluters like steel mills and coal power stations would double the cost of their products","spans":[{"end":85,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":91,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":87,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":93,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":125,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Just","dumping","these","costs","on","massive","polluters","like","steel","mills","and","coal","power","stations","would","double","the","cost","of","their","products"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6]}
{"text":"and so these industries that operate on very tight profit margins would go bankrupt.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":74,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["and","so","these","industries","that","operate","on","very","tight","profit","margins","would","go","bankrupt","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Getting the government to pay for it seems logical, but a lot of state resources are actually tied up doing the opposite like subsidizing oil and gas,","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":149,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":27,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Getting","the","government","to","pay","for","it","seems","logical",",","but","a","lot","of","state","resources","are","actually","tied","up","doing","the","opposite","like","subsidizing","oil","and","gas",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"By artificially keeping fuel prices low, shipping and everyday goods are kept artificially cheap too,","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":96,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["By","artificially","keeping","fuel","prices","low",",","shipping","and","everyday","goods","are","kept","artificially","cheap","too",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,13,0]}
{"text":"That creates political lobbies and incentives that perpetuate a cycle that makes it so hard to stop fossil fuel production.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":121,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","creates","political","lobbies","and","incentives","that","perpetuate","a","cycle","that","makes","it","so","hard","to","stop","fossil","fuel","production","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Meanwhile, very costly solutions for a far-off problem like carbon capture seem like they can wait as technically nobody benefits from it right now.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":13,"token_start":2},{"end":79,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":147,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":26,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Meanwhile",",","very","costly","solutions","for","a","far","-","off","problem","like","carbon","capture","seem","like","they","can","wait","as","technically","nobody","benefits","from","it","right","now","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Some argue that a move away from capitalism is the only solution to this mess,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Some","argue","that","a","move","away","from","capitalism","is","the","only","solution","to","this","mess",","],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"others insist that markets should be even freer without any interventions like subsidies,","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["others","insist","that","markets","should","be","even","freer","without","any","interventions","like","subsidies",","],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"and some suggest that we need what's referred to as degrowth and to cut back as a species overall.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["and","some","suggest","that","we","need","what","'s","referred","to","as","degrowth","and","to","cut","back","as","a","species","overall","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But the truth is, at least as of now, no political system is doing an impressive job at becoming truly sustainable and none have really done so in the past.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":155,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":31,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","the","truth","is",",","at","least","as","of","now",",","no","political","system","is","doing","an","impressive","job","at","becoming","truly","sustainable","and","none","have","really","done","so","in","the","past","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We also don't have the time to figure this out and do a lot of experiments.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","also","do","n't","have","the","time","to","figure","this","out","and","do","a","lot","of","experiments","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We must implement solutions now, not just to halt the release of all possible greenhouse gases, but also to start reducing the amount of CO2 in the air.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":150,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":29,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","must","implement","solutions","now",",","not","just","to","halt","the","release","of","all","possible","greenhouse","gases",",","but","also","to","start","reducing","the","amount","of","CO2","in","the","air","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's too late to just mend our ways, we have to actively correct our past mistakes.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","too","late","to","just","mend","our","ways",",","we","have","to","actively","correct","our","past","mistakes","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"With every year we waste, more extreme changes will be unavoidable.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["With","every","year","we","waste",",","more","extreme","changes","will","be","unavoidable","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Okay, let's take a deep breath.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Okay",",","let","'s","take","a","deep","breath","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Rapid climate change and the world we live in are complicated, so here is where you, dear viewer, come in again.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Rapid","climate","change","and","the","world","we","live","in","are","complicated",",","so","here","is","where","you",",","dear","viewer",",","come","in","again","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A narrative of our time is that we are all responsible for rapid climate change, that everyone needs to play their part.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":119,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":22,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","narrative","of","our","time","is","that","we","are","all","responsible","for","rapid","climate","change",",","that","everyone","needs","to","play","their","part","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Why don't you buy a new electric car?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Why","do","n't","you","buy","a","new","electric","car","?"],"tags":[13,15,37,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Why don't you replace your gas stove with an electric one?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Why","do","n't","you","replace","your","gas","stove","with","an","electric","one","?"],"tags":[13,15,37,1,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"How about you double-glaze your windows, stop eating meat and switch off your lights?","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["How","about","you","double","-","glaze","your","windows",",","stop","eating","meat","and","switch","off","your","lights","?"],"tags":[13,14,1,19,20,20,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Shifting responsibility from the largest carbon emitters to the average person, you, is much easier to do than solving problems.","spans":[{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":87,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":127,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Shifting","responsibility","from","the","largest","carbon","emitters","to","the","average","person",",","you",",","is","much","easier","to","do","than","solving","problems","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There's an extra bonus if solving rapid climate change sells a new product.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["There","'s","an","extra","bonus","if","solving","rapid","climate","change","sells","a","new","product","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you don't have the money or time for these things, you should feel bad.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","you","do","n't","have","the","money","or","time","for","these","things",",","you","should","feel","bad","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It's an effective message because it's true.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","'s","an","effective","message","because","it","'s","true","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The quickest way to cut CO2 emissions would be if all rich populations on Earth drastically changed their lifestyles","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":116,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","quickest","way","to","cut","CO2","emissions","would","be","if","all","rich","populations","on","Earth","drastically","changed","their","lifestyles"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12]}
{"text":"If you're able to watch this video, that includes you.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","able","to","watch","this","video",",","that","includes","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,0]}
{"text":"But we've just witnessed a global experiment in staying at home, not using transport and consuming less during the coronavirus pandemic.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":135,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":22,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","we","'ve","just","witnessed","a","global","experiment","in","staying","at","home",",","not","using","transport","and","consuming","less","during","the","coronavirus","pandemic","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And all it did was reduce CO2 emissions by 7% for 2020.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","all","it","did","was","reduce","CO2","emissions","by","7","%","for","2020","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Asking average people to solve rapid climate change breaks down when we look at the scale of the problem.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Asking","average","people","to","solve","rapid","climate","change","breaks","down","when","we","look","at","the","scale","of","the","problem","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Personal contributions towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions are nice, but they are dwarfed by the systemic reality of global emissions.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":139,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Personal","contributions","towards","reducing","greenhouse","gas","emissions","are","nice",",","but","they","are","dwarfed","by","the","systemic","reality","of","global","emissions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The concept of your personal carbon footprint was popularised by the oil producer BP in a 2005 ad campaign.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","concept","of","your","personal","carbon","footprint","was","popularised","by","the","oil","producer","BP","in","a","2005","ad","campaign","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you eliminated 100% of your emissions for the rest of your life, you would save one second's worth of emissions from the global energy sector.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":143,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":28,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","you","eliminated","100","%","of","your","emissions","for","the","rest","of","your","life",",","you","would","save","one","second","'s","worth","of","emissions","from","the","global","energy","sector","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Even the most motivated person can't even make a tiny dent.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Even","the","most","motivated","person","ca","n't","even","make","a","tiny","dent","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,37,13,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"When we put together the dangers of rapid climate change, the scale of emissions and the lack of consensus over how to solve it, the challenge seems insurmountable.","spans":[{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":24,"token_start":0},{"end":141,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":129,"token_end":27,"token_start":26},{"end":147,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":143,"token_end":28,"token_start":28},{"end":162,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":149,"token_end":29,"token_start":29}],"tokens":["When","we","put","together","the","dangers","of","rapid","climate","change",",","the","scale","of","emissions","and","the","lack","of","consensus","over","how","to","solve","it",",","the","challenge","seems","insurmountable","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It can cause decision fatigue and moral licensing where you no longer feel bad about behaving in a counterproductive way.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":119,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","can","cause","decision","fatigue","and","moral","licensing","where","you","no","longer","feel","bad","about","behaving","in","a","counterproductive","way","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We have struggled a long time with this, which is why this video took us so long to make.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","have","struggled","a","long","time","with","this",",","which","is","why","this","video","took","us","so","long","to","make","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So what can you actually do?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","what","can","you","actually","do","?"],"tags":[0,5,15,1,13,19,0]}
{"text":"There are many different takes, and they are passionately discussed.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["There","are","many","different","takes",",","and","they","are","passionately","discussed","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We don't know who's right, so we can only offer you the Kurzgesagt perspective and opinion.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","who","'s","right",",","so","we","can","only","offer","you","the","Kurzgesagt","perspective","and","opinion","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"What can you actually do?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","can","you","actually","do","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,13,19,0]}
{"text":"We need a different way to think and talk about rapid climate change.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","a","different","way","to","think","and","talk","about","rapid","climate","change","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As discussed in frustrating length, the personal responsibility angle is overplayed.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","discussed","in","frustrating","length",",","the","personal","responsibility","angle","is","overplayed","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"For systemic changes in technology, politics and the economy of this magnitude, we need to influence the people at the levers.","spans":[{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":83,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":125,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["For","systemic","changes","in","technology",",","politics","and","the","economy","of","this","magnitude",",","we","need","to","influence","the","people","at","the","levers","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Politicians need to know and feel strongly that the people care, that their own success depends on tackling rapid climate change.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":128,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Politicians","need","to","know","and","feel","strongly","that","the","people","care",",","that","their","own","success","depends","on","tackling","rapid","climate","change","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"When governments and local politicians are reluctant to change laws that affect their biggest tax contributors or campaign donors,","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":129,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["When","governments","and","local","politicians","are","reluctant","to","change","laws","that","affect","their","biggest","tax","contributors","or","campaign","donors",","],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"we need to vote them out and vote in people who respect science.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["we","need","to","vote","them","out","and","vote","in","people","who","respect","science","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We need to hold them accountable for implementing the most effective climate change strategies.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","to","hold","them","accountable","for","implementing","the","most","effective","climate","change","strategies","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Not waste our time with things like banning plastic straws, but by moving the big levers.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Not","waste","our","time","with","things","like","banning","plastic","straws",",","but","by","moving","the","big","levers","."],"tags":[37,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"we need politicians to change the laws and incentivize the deployment of existing technologies","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["we","need","politicians","to","change","the","laws","and","incentivize","the","deployment","of","existing","technologies"],"tags":[1,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34]}
{"text":"There's no reason that the profit interests of industries could not match the need to reduce carbon emissions as much as possible.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":129,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","no","reason","that","the","profit","interests","of","industries","could","not","match","the","need","to","reduce","carbon","emissions","as","much","as","possible","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And if they still don't cooperate, harsh punishments and regulation need to force or bankrupt them.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["And","if","they","still","do","n't","cooperate",",","harsh","punishments","and","regulation","need","to","force","or","bankrupt","them","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's still unrealistic that change of that scope can be forced onto a worldwide economy quickly enough,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":102,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","still","unrealistic","that","change","of","that","scope","can","be","forced","onto","a","worldwide","economy","quickly","enough",","],"tags":[3,21,13,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"because many low-carbon technologies still need a lot of time and research, which means they're expensive.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["because","many","low","-","carbon","technologies","still","need","a","lot","of","time","and","research",",","which","means","they","'re","expensive","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But more companies will make more efficient carbon capture systems, tasty meat alternatives, better batteries, cement alternatives and so on,","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":140,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":22,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","more","companies","will","make","more","efficient","carbon","capture","systems",",","tasty","meat","alternatives",",","better","batteries",",","cement","alternatives","and","so","on",","],"tags":[0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And, if you're affluent enough, you can do your part by investing in these things right now while they're still expensive.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["And",",","if","you","'re","affluent","enough",",","you","can","do","your","part","by","investing","in","these","things","right","now","while","they","'re","still","expensive","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These are the mechanisms that will drive the prices down later on.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["These","are","the","mechanisms","that","will","drive","the","prices","down","later","on","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So this is basically what you can do.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","this","is","basically","what","you","can","do","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Vote at the ballot, vote with your wallet.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Vote","at","the","ballot",",","vote","with","your","wallet","."],"tags":[19,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"There are too many opposing interests and complicated grey zones.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","too","many","opposing","interests","and","complicated","grey","zones","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In the end, if we truly get the systemic change we need, everybody will be unhappy about some aspect of it.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":12,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":73,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","if","we","truly","get","the","systemic","change","we","need",",","everybody","will","be","unhappy","about","some","aspect","of","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Only if we all accept that some solutions will have negative impacts for us can we have an honest conversation and make progress.","spans":[{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":83,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":19,"token_start":17},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":115,"token_end":22,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Only","if","we","all","accept","that","some","solutions","will","have","negative","impacts","for","us","can","we","have","an","honest","conversation","and","make","progress","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,15,1,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"Everybody will be a little unhappy, and that's okay.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Everybody","will","be","a","little","unhappy",",","and","that","'s","okay","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is the best you can do.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","the","best","you","can","do","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You can deal with the reality of the situation and promote your priorities through your behaviour and your actions.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["You","can","deal","with","the","reality","of","the","situation","and","promote","your","priorities","through","your","behaviour","and","your","actions","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And while you do so, you can eat less meat, fly less or get an electric car.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","while","you","do","so",",","you","can","eat","less","meat",",","fly","less","or","get","an","electric","car","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,0,41,42,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"but to do your tiny, tiny part for the systemic change we need.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["but","to","do","your","tiny",",","tiny","part","for","the","systemic","change","we","need","."],"tags":[0,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,1,19,0]}
{"text":"This video was supported by Gates Notes, the personal blog of Bill Gates, where he writes about global health, climate change and more.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":25,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","video","was","supported","by","Gates","Notes",",","the","personal","blog","of","Bill","Gates",",","where","he","writes","about","global","health",",","climate","change","and","more","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Check out GatesNotes.com to learn more about ways the world can work together to reach zero greenhouse gas emissions or use the link below.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":138,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":23,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Check","out","GatesNotes.com","to","learn","more","about","ways","the","world","can","work","together","to","reach","zero","greenhouse","gas","emissions","or","use","the","link","below","."],"tags":[31,32,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And in the spirit of transparency, if you want to learn more about how we handle sponsorships like this one, we also have a Medium article describing how we do it.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":20,"token_start":7},{"end":111,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":121,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":117,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":162,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":122,"token_end":32,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["And","in","the","spirit","of","transparency",",","if","you","want","to","learn","more","about","how","we","handle","sponsorships","like","this","one",",","we","also","have","a","Medium","article","describing","how","we","do","it","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Thank you for watching.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","for","watching","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"One, nuclear energy saves lives.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["One",",","nuclear","energy","saves","lives","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,25,5,0]}
{"text":"In 2013, a study conducted by NASA found that nuclear energy has prevented around 1.8 million deaths.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","2013",",","a","study","conducted","by","NASA","found","that","nuclear","energy","has","prevented","around","1.8","million","deaths","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Even if you include the death tolls from Chernobyl and Fukushima, nuclear energy ranks last in death per energy unit produced.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":81,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":21,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Even","if","you","include","the","death","tolls","from","Chernobyl","and","Fukushima",",","nuclear","energy","ranks","last","in","death","per","energy","unit","produced","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,13,13,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"While nuclear waste is really toxic, it's usually stored somewhere.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["While","nuclear","waste","is","really","toxic",",","it","'s","usually","stored","somewhere","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,29,13,0]}
{"text":"While the toxic byproducts of fossil fuels are pumped into the air we breathe every day.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["While","the","toxic","byproducts","of","fossil","fuels","are","pumped","into","the","air","we","breathe","every","day","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,1,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"So, just by reducing the amount of fossil fuels burned, countless cases of cancer or lung disease and accidents in coal mines have been avoided.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":125,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":23,"token_start":12},{"end":130,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":126,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":135,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":131,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":143,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":136,"token_end":26,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["So",",","just","by","reducing","the","amount","of","fossil","fuels","burned",",","countless","cases","of","cancer","or","lung","disease","and","accidents","in","coal","mines","have","been","avoided","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"If we can choose between lots of dangerous stuff being put into a deep hole, and lots and lots and lots of dangerous stuff being pumped into the atmosphere, the former seems more logical.","spans":[{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":29,"token_start":0},{"end":166,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":157,"token_end":32,"token_start":31},{"end":172,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":168,"token_end":33,"token_start":33},{"end":185,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":174,"token_end":35,"token_start":34}],"tokens":["If","we","can","choose","between","lots","of","dangerous","stuff","being","put","into","a","deep","hole",",","and","lots","and","lots","and","lots","of","dangerous","stuff","being","pumped","into","the","atmosphere",",","the","former","seems","more","logical","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Nuclear energy feels way more dangerous though.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Nuclear","energy","feels","way","more","dangerous","though","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,13,0]}
{"text":"Single catastrophic events burn into our memory, while coal and oil kill silently.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Single","catastrophic","events","burn","into","our","memory",",","while","coal","and","oil","kill","silently","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's like the death rate of flying versus driving.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","like","the","death","rate","of","flying","versus","driving","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Even in the best case scenario, it would take at least 40 years to switch to 100% renewable energy.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Even","in","the","best","case","scenario",",","it","would","take","at","least","40","years","to","switch","to","100","%","renewable","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, for as long as we continue using fossil fuels, nuclear energy will save way more lives than it destroys.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":18,"token_start":16},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":21,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["So",",","for","as","long","as","we","continue","using","fossil","fuels",",","nuclear","energy","will","save","way","more","lives","than","it","destroys","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Two, nuclear energy reduces CO2 emissions.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Two",",","nuclear","energy","reduces","CO2","emissions","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Nuclear energy is arguably way less harmful to the environment in terms of climate change than fossil fuels, our main source of energy.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":133,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Nuclear","energy","is","arguably","way","less","harmful","to","the","environment","in","terms","of","climate","change","than","fossil","fuels",",","our","main","source","of","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Since 1976, about 64 gigatons of greenhouse gas emissions have not been pumped out, thanks to nuclear energy.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Since","1976",",","about","64","gigatons","of","greenhouse","gas","emissions","have","not","been","pumped","out",",","thanks","to","nuclear","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,15,29,35,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And by the mid-21st century, that could amount to an additional 80 to 240 gigatons.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","by","the","mid-21st","century",",","that","could","amount","to","an","additional","80","to","240","gigatons","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Humanity's energy consumption is rising steadily.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Humanity","'s","energy","consumption","is","rising","steadily","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,27,13,0]}
{"text":"According to US government projections, China alone will add the equivalent of a new 600 megawatt coal plant every 10 days for the next 10 years.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":18,"token_start":10},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":21,"token_start":19},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":123,"token_end":26,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["According","to","US","government","projections",",","China","alone","will","add","the","equivalent","of","a","new","600","megawatt","coal","plant","every","10","days","for","the","next","10","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"China already burns 4 billion tons of coal each year.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["China","already","burns","4","billion","tons","of","coal","each","year","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Coal is cheap, relatively abundant, and easy to get to.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Coal","is","cheap",",","relatively","abundant",",","and","easy","to","get","to","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So, it's not likely that humanity will stop using it soon.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So",",","it","'s","not","likely","that","humanity","will","stop","using","it","soon","."],"tags":[0,0,3,21,37,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Nuclear energy might be the only way of dampening the effects of climate change and preventing a catastrophic man-made global warming.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":132,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Nuclear","energy","might","be","the","only","way","of","dampening","the","effects","of","climate","change","and","preventing","a","catastrophic","man","-","made","global","warming","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Compared to the other things we do, nuclear energy is relatively clean.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Compared","to","the","other","things","we","do",",","nuclear","energy","is","relatively","clean","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"So, even if it is a good idea to quit nuclear energy long-term, it might be a good solution for the next 100 years or so, compared to the alternatives.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":15,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":75,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":22,"token_start":20},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":29,"token_start":23},{"end":150,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":122,"token_end":34,"token_start":31}],"tokens":["So",",","even","if","it","is","a","good","idea","to","quit","nuclear","energy","long","-","term",",","it","might","be","a","good","solution","for","the","next","100","years","or","so",",","compared","to","the","alternatives","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Maybe technology will solve the problem of nuclear waste and dangerous power plants.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Maybe","technology","will","solve","the","problem","of","nuclear","waste","and","dangerous","power","plants","."],"tags":[13,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The nuclear reactors we've used so far are mostly outdated technology, because nuclear innovation stopped in the 1970s.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","nuclear","reactors","we","'ve","used","so","far","are","mostly","outdated","technology",",","because","nuclear","innovation","stopped","in","the","1970s","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There are models like the thorium reactor that could solve the problem altogether.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","models","like","the","thorium","reactor","that","could","solve","the","problem","altogether","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Thorium is abundant, really hard to turn into nuclear weapons, and up to two orders of magnitude less wasteful than current nuclear reactors.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":139,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":24,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thorium","is","abundant",",","really","hard","to","turn","into","nuclear","weapons",",","and","up","to","two","orders","of","magnitude","less","wasteful","than","current","nuclear","reactors","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The waste material might also be only dangerous for a few hundred years, in contrast to a couple of thousand years.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","waste","material","might","also","be","only","dangerous","for","a","few","hundred","years",",","in","contrast","to","a","couple","of","thousand","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One ton of thorium is estimated to provide the same amount of energy as 200 tons of uranium or 3.5 million tons of coal.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":119,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["One","ton","of","thorium","is","estimated","to","provide","the","same","amount","of","energy","as","200","tons","of","uranium","or","3.5","million","tons","of","coal","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"So, while we cannot know for sure if alternative nuclear technology will keep its promises, shouldn't we at least do more research before we forgo an opportunity to solve lots of humanity's current problems?","spans":[{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":16,"token_start":2},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":92,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":101,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":98,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":104,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":22,"token_start":21},{"end":116,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":114,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":130,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":117,"token_end":25,"token_start":24},{"end":206,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":131,"token_end":38,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["So",",","while","we","can","not","know","for","sure","if","alternative","nuclear","technology","will","keep","its","promises",",","should","n't","we","at","least","do","more","research","before","we","forgo","an","opportunity","to","solve","lots","of","humanity","'s","current","problems","?"],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,15,37,1,13,14,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It might not be an easy challenge, but that hasn't stopped us before.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":68,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","might","not","be","an","easy","challenge",",","but","that","has","n't","stopped","us","before","."],"tags":[1,15,37,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, should we use nuclear energy?","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So",",","should","we","use","nuclear","energy","?"],"tags":[0,0,15,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"There are risks involved in any great human endeavor, and we have to make an informed decision rather than rely on gut feeling.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["There","are","risks","involved","in","any","great","human","endeavor",",","and","we","have","to","make","an","informed","decision","rather","than","rely","on","gut","feeling","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you want to hear the other side of the argument, or a short introduction to nuclear energy, click here.","spans":[{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":18,"token_start":0},{"end":99,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":95,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":21,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","hear","the","other","side","of","the","argument",",","or","a","short","introduction","to","nuclear","energy",",","click","here","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,13,0]}
{"text":"Can you trust Kurzgesagt videos?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Can","you","trust","Kurzgesagt","videos","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"To answer this question, we'll first explain how we research them, and then talk a bit about past videos and what we want to achieve with the channel.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":149,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":71,"token_end":30,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["To","answer","this","question",",","we","'ll","first","explain","how","we","research","them",",","and","then","talk","a","bit","about","past","videos","and","what","we","want","to","achieve","with","the","channel","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Making a Kurzgesagt video always begins with a question or an issue.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Making","a","Kurzgesagt","video","always","begins","with","a","question","or","an","issue","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,13,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For example, after our meat video, many viewers asked about the health effects of meat on humans.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["For","example",",","after","our","meat","video",",","many","viewers","asked","about","the","health","effects","of","meat","on","humans","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We had no idea, and were pretty curious too, so we just decided to work on it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","had","no","idea",",","and","were","pretty","curious","too",",","so","we","just","decided","to","work","on","it","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The first step is research.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","first","step","is","research","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"We start by looking for books and scientific papers to get an overview and just read a lot.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","start","by","looking","for","books","and","scientific","papers","to","get","an","overview","and","just","read","a","lot","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The plan is to find a story worth telling.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","plan","is","to","find","a","story","worth","telling","."],"tags":[11,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Is there something surprising to learn?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Is","there","something","surprising","to","learn","?"],"tags":[21,3,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Is there a larger context or a new perspective?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Is","there","a","larger","context","or","a","new","perspective","?"],"tags":[21,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Or will it be an overview or introduction?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Or","will","it","be","an","overview","or","introduction","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Once we have the first readable version, we reach out to experts or scientists and ask them to fact check and correct us.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":83,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Once","we","have","the","first","readable","version",",","we","reach","out","to","experts","or","scientists","and","ask","them","to","fact","check","and","correct","us","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Soon enough they find a flaw or point us in the direction of contradictory research.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Soon","enough","they","find","a","flaw","or","point","us","in","the","direction","of","contradictory","research","."],"tags":[13,14,1,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"At this point, many scripts die.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["At","this","point",",","many","scripts","die","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,19,0]}
{"text":"If our idea does hold up, we continue working on it.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","our","idea","does","hold","up",",","we","continue","working","on","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This process can take weeks or months.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","process","can","take","weeks","or","months","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our loneliness script, for example, took over a year and a half to finish.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Our","loneliness","script",",","for","example",",","took","over","a","year","and","a","half","to","finish","."],"tags":[1,2,2,0,13,14,0,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The hardest part is being brief while not simplifying too much.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","hardest","part","is","being","brief","while","not","simplifying","too","much","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It's much easier to write a long script than a short one.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","'s","much","easier","to","write","a","long","script","than","a","short","one","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When we're finally done, we do another round of research and show the script to experts again,","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["When","we","'re","finally","done",",","we","do","another","round","of","research","and","show","the","script","to","experts","again",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"When we express an opinion, we mark it as such.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["When","we","express","an","opinion",",","we","mark","it","as","such","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"That's not saying that we don't draw conclusions from the research.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["That","'s","not","saying","that","we","do","n't","draw","conclusions","from","the","research","."],"tags":[1,15,37,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Homeopathy does not work and meat is really bad for the planet.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Homeopathy","does","not","work","and","meat","is","really","bad","for","the","planet","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Climate change is real, but organic food is not a good way of solving it.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Climate","change","is","real",",","but","organic","food","is","not","a","good","way","of","solving","it","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If the facts clearly support a conclusion, it's okay to present it as such.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","the","facts","clearly","support","a","conclusion",",","it","'s","okay","to","present","it","as","such","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Of course, we can't always make everybody happy.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Of","course",",","we","ca","n't","always","make","everybody","happy","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,37,13,19,5,33,0]}
{"text":"People who know a lot about a topic sometimes get annoyed if we don't mention an aspect they think is crucial or when we omit technical terms.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":27,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["People","who","know","a","lot","about","a","topic","sometimes","get","annoyed","if","we","do","n't","mention","an","aspect","they","think","is","crucial","or","when","we","omit","technical","terms","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is more or less unsolvable because of the nature of our videos.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","is","more","or","less","unsolvable","because","of","the","nature","of","our","videos","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Scripts have around 1,300 words, so there's always some degree of simplification.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":80,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Scripts","have","around","1,300","words",",","so","there","'s","always","some","degree","of","simplification","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"You will always find a list of our research and sources and further reading material in the video description.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":14,"token_start":4},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["You","will","always","find","a","list","of","our","research","and","sources","and","further","reading","material","in","the","video","description","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Just citing sources doesn't make your work accurate or your research good though,","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Just","citing","sources","does","n't","make","your","work","accurate","or","your","research","good","though",","],"tags":[1,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,33,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"so we encourage you to use our sources document as a starting point to look at the topic yourself and learn more.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":112,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["so","we","encourage","you","to","use","our","sources","document","as","a","starting","point","to","look","at","the","topic","yourself","and","learn","more","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But it would be dishonest to say that we've always worked this way.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","it","would","be","dishonest","to","say","that","we","'ve","always","worked","this","way","."],"tags":[0,3,15,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Some older videos don't live up to the standards we set ourselves today.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Some","older","videos","do","n't","live","up","to","the","standards","we","set","ourselves","today","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,37,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The two that annoy us the most are the refugee and addiction videos.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","two","that","annoy","us","the","most","are","the","refugee","and","addiction","videos","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In both of them, we didn't try to present a balanced perspective, but instead chose a take and ran with it.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["In","both","of","them",",","we","did","n't","try","to","present","a","balanced","perspective",",","but","instead","chose","a","take","and","ran","with","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The refugee video was made with a deep feeling of angry frustration about the world at the high point of the 2015 refugee crisis.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":23,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","refugee","video","was","made","with","a","deep","feeling","of","angry","frustration","about","the","world","at","the","high","point","of","the","2015","refugee","crisis","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The script was written on one Sunday afternoon and illustrated and animated within a week.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","script","was","written","on","one","Sunday","afternoon","and","illustrated","and","animated","within","a","week","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It was exhausting, stressful and frustrating.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","was","exhausting",",","stressful","and","frustrating","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We still believe it was the right thing for European countries to help, but it was absolutely unnecessary to be toxic about it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":12,"token_start":3},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":76,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["We","still","believe","it","was","the","right","thing","for","European","countries","to","help",",","but","it","was","absolutely","unnecessary","to","be","toxic","about","it","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We insulted people and brushed away their concerns about real and profound challenges.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","insulted","people","and","brushed","away","their","concerns","about","real","and","profound","challenges","."],"tags":[1,23,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The video was divisive and emotional at a time when the debate needed a calm and clear overview.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","video","was","divisive","and","emotional","at","a","time","when","the","debate","needed","a","calm","and","clear","overview","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The addiction video was based on only one source that has amassed a lot of criticism over the years,","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","addiction","video","was","based","on","only","one","source","that","has","amassed","a","lot","of","criticism","over","the","years",","],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"and unfortunately we did not reach out to scientists or do extra research on the papers that were the basis for the video's thesis,","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["and","unfortunately","we","did","not","reach","out","to","scientists","or","do","extra","research","on","the","papers","that","were","the","basis","for","the","video","'s","thesis",","],"tags":[0,13,1,15,37,31,32,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"that addiction is purely psychological and based on the life circumstances of the individual.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["that","addiction","is","purely","psychological","and","based","on","the","life","circumstances","of","the","individual","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This stance is still held by a number of addiction professionals and we're not saying it's wrong,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":96,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["This","stance","is","still","held","by","a","number","of","addiction","professionals","and","we","'re","not","saying","it","'s","wrong",","],"tags":[1,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"but a lot of others disagree and it's not correct to present it as the truth.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["but","a","lot","of","others","disagree","and","it","'s","not","correct","to","present","it","as","the","truth","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Addiction is far from solved and our video should have reflected that instead of taking one side.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":96,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Addiction","is","far","from","solved","and","our","video","should","have","reflected","that","instead","of","taking","one","side","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We simplified an idea so much that it made a great story, but became distorting.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","simplified","an","idea","so","much","that","it","made","a","great","story",",","but","became","distorting","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Both videos were made over the span of two months and they're two of our most successful videos to date.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Both","videos","were","made","over","the","span","of","two","months","and","they","'re","two","of","our","most","successful","videos","to","date","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We had found a formula that really worked, but we never made anything like them again and have been discussing how to deal with them for a long time.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":29,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","had","found","a","formula","that","really","worked",",","but","we","never","made","anything","like","them","again","and","have","been","discussing","how","to","deal","with","them","for","a","long","time","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It doesn't help that both videos are loved by many people.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","does","n't","help","that","both","videos","are","loved","by","many","people","."],"tags":[3,15,37,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We want to be proud of our work and these two videos don't make us proud.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":72,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","want","to","be","proud","of","our","work","and","these","two","videos","do","n't","make","us","proud","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So today we deleted them.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","today","we","deleted","them","."],"tags":[0,13,1,23,5,0]}
{"text":"It won't purge them from the internet, but that's not the goal anyway, feel free to upload them elsewhere.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","wo","n't","purge","them","from","the","internet",",","but","that","'s","not","the","goal","anyway",",","feel","free","to","upload","them","elsewhere","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We're working on a new addiction video that will take a look at the chemical and psychological causes.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'re","working","on","a","new","addiction","video","that","will","take","a","look","at","the","chemical","and","psychological","causes","."],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We'll take our sweet time with it, so please have patience.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","'ll","take","our","sweet","time","with","it",",","so","please","have","patience","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The refugee video is not up to date anymore, so we will not renew it.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":68,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","refugee","video","is","not","up","to","date","anymore",",","so","we","will","not","renew","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We're also going through our older videos to add sources, further reading and comments in the next few months.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","'re","also","going","through","our","older","videos","to","add","sources",",","further","reading","and","comments","in","the","next","few","months","."],"tags":[1,15,13,31,32,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Nowadays, rather than trusting in mainstream institutions, we often look at creators on the internet for reliable information.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Nowadays",",","rather","than","trusting","in","mainstream","institutions",",","we","often","look","at","creators","on","the","internet","for","reliable","information","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,31,32,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We rely on the fact that they are careful and rigorous and not led by monetary incentives.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","rely","on","the","fact","that","they","are","careful","and","rigorous","and","not","led","by","monetary","incentives","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And we expect them to acknowledge mistakes in public and work to minimize them.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","we","expect","them","to","acknowledge","mistakes","in","public","and","work","to","minimize","them","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"So this is what we're going to do.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","this","is","what","we","'re","going","to","do","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Trust is not a thing you earn once and then keep forever, you have to constantly work for it.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Trust","is","not","a","thing","you","earn","once","and","then","keep","forever",",","you","have","to","constantly","work","for","it","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So can you trust Kurzgesagt?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","can","you","trust","Kurzgesagt","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"You can trust that every video we make is thoroughly researched and approved by different experts.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","can","trust","that","every","video","we","make","is","thoroughly","researched","and","approved","by","different","experts","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You can trust that we know that we have biases and we try to overcome them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","can","trust","that","we","know","that","we","have","biases","and","we","try","to","overcome","them","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We want to move Kurzgesagt further towards the trustworthy end of the spectrum.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","want","to","move","Kurzgesagt","further","towards","the","trustworthy","end","of","the","spectrum","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The world is too complex for simple answers and we don't want to be the ones giving them.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","world","is","too","complex","for","simple","answers","and","we","do","n't","want","to","be","the","ones","giving","them","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Making these videos over the last six years has been quite a ride and we're very grateful for it.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":96,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Making","these","videos","over","the","last","six","years","has","been","quite","a","ride","and","we","'re","very","grateful","for","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We hope you'll be with us for the next few years too and join us on our journey to figure out what this universe and life stuff is all about.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":140,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":30,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","hope","you","'ll","be","with","us","for","the","next","few","years","too","and","join","us","on","our","journey","to","figure","out","what","this","universe","and","life","stuff","is","all","about","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Thank you for watching.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","for","watching","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The desire to be free from the limits of the human experience is as old as our first stories.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","desire","to","be","free","from","the","limits","of","the","human","experience","is","as","old","as","our","first","stories","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We exist in an endless universe, only bound by the laws of physics, and yet our consciousness is trapped in mortal machines made of meat.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":136,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":26,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["We","exist","in","an","endless","universe",",","only","bound","by","the","laws","of","physics",",","and","yet","our","consciousness","is","trapped","in","mortal","machines","made","of","meat","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"for the first time the concept of leaving our flesh piles behind and uploading our minds into a digital utopia seems possible,","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":109,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":19,"token_start":4},{"end":115,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":111,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":124,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":117,"token_end":21,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["for","the","first","time","the","concept","of","leaving","our","flesh","piles","behind","and","uploading","our","minds","into","a","digital","utopia","seems","possible",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Mind uploading and digital immortality are some of the core themes of the game Cyberpunk 2077.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Mind","uploading","and","digital","immortality","are","some","of","the","core","themes","of","the","game","Cyberpunk","2077","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It plays in a grim dystopian future where humanity has progressed far beyond today's technology and explores what this could mean for humanity.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":15,"token_start":2},{"end":142,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":100,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["It","plays","in","a","grim","dystopian","future","where","humanity","has","progressed","far","beyond","today","'s","technology","and","explores","what","this","could","mean","for","humanity","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"About a year ago CD Projekt Red asked us if we would like to make a video about some of these ideas and we were immediately on board.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":99,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":21,"token_start":9},{"end":132,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":104,"token_end":27,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["About","a","year","ago","CD","Projekt","Red","asked","us","if","we","would","like","to","make","a","video","about","some","of","these","ideas","and","we","were","immediately","on","board","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,1,2,2,23,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So let's explore this topic together.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","let","'s","explore","this","topic","together","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Is it possible to upload your mind into a computer?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Is","it","possible","to","upload","your","mind","into","a","computer","?"],"tags":[3,1,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Well, it's complicated.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Well",",","it","'s","complicated","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Upload what exactly?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Upload","what","exactly","?"],"tags":[19,5,13,0]}
{"text":"Mind is one of those words that are really hard to define.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Mind","is","one","of","those","words","that","are","really","hard","to","define","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's thought to be the collective abilities of your consciousness and intelligence, the thing that lets you imagine, recognize, and dream.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":137,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":24,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","thought","to","be","the","collective","abilities","of","your","consciousness","and","intelligence",",","the","thing","that","lets","you","imagine",",","recognize",",","and","dream","."],"tags":[1,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Mind uploading is the hypothetical concept of making a copy of this inner world and transferring it into a computer to run a simulation of your consciousness.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":156,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":26,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Mind","uploading","is","the","hypothetical","concept","of","making","a","copy","of","this","inner","world","and","transferring","it","into","a","computer","to","run","a","simulation","of","your","consciousness","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But even defining the premise gets really hard, really fast.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","even","defining","the","premise","gets","really","hard",",","really","fast","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The possibility of mind uploading is based on three assumptions.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","possibility","of","mind","uploading","is","based","on","three","assumptions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Assumption one, your mind is in your brain's structure, arrangement, and biochemistry.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Assumption","one",",","your","mind","is","in","your","brain","'s","structure",",","arrangement",",","and","biochemistry","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The idea that everything about the mind can be found in the brain is called physicalism and it keeps our discussion within the domain of natural law.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":87,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":92,"token_end":26,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["The","idea","that","everything","about","the","mind","can","be","found","in","the","brain","is","called","physicalism","and","it","keeps","our","discussion","within","the","domain","of","natural","law","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,33,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Assumption three, computer software can host your mind, which means the mind is computable.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Assumption","three",",","computer","software","can","host","your","mind",",","which","means","the","mind","is","computable","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"There is no physical property in the brain, including consciousness, that cannot be simulated accurately even if it requires a lot of code.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":138,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":25,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","no","physical","property","in","the","brain",",","including","consciousness",",","that","can","not","be","simulated","accurately","even","if","it","requires","a","lot","of","code","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"All of these assumptions have been proposed and challenged by scientists and philosophers and they remain the subject of passionate debate.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":138,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":94,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["All","of","these","assumptions","have","been","proposed","and","challenged","by","scientists","and","philosophers","and","they","remain","the","subject","of","passionate","debate","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"With so many fundamental questions still unanswered, it's hard to discuss the topic without annoying someone.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":108,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["With","so","many","fundamental","questions","still","unanswered",",","it","'s","hard","to","discuss","the","topic","without","annoying","someone","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Whatever your position, every discussion of mind upload has to begin with the brain.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Whatever","your","position",",","every","discussion","of","mind","upload","has","to","begin","with","the","brain","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,17,18,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The brain is the most complex biological structure known and deserves its own entire video, so let's just take a brief look at it.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":14,"token_start":3},{"end":129,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":95,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["The","brain","is","the","most","complex","biological","structure","known","and","deserves","its","own","entire","video",",","so","let","'s","just","take","a","brief","look","at","it","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Around 100 billion neurons are communicating via 1 million billion connections that are sending signals up to 1,000 times each second,","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Around","100","billion","neurons","are","communicating","via","1","million","billion","connections","that","are","sending","signals","up","to","1,000","times","each","second",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And it's not just neurons, there are billions of supporting and immune cells of various types performing different jobs.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","it","'s","not","just","neurons",",","there","are","billions","of","supporting","and","immune","cells","of","various","types","performing","different","jobs","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,13,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"On a macro level, the brain can be divided into sections with different roles, from breathing and heart rate to coordinating movement and involuntary reflexes.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":157,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":26,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["On","a","macro","level",",","the","brain","can","be","divided","into","sections","with","different","roles",",","from","breathing","and","heart","rate","to","coordinating","movement","and","involuntary","reflexes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The most developed parts, the neocortex or the outermost layer of the brain, hold memories, our ability to plan, think and imagine, hope and dream.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":13,"token_start":5},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":77,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":146,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":29,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["The","most","developed","parts",",","the","neocortex","or","the","outermost","layer","of","the","brain",",","hold","memories",",","our","ability","to","plan",",","think","and","imagine",",","hope","and","dream","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Where exactly the you part of the brain is situated is not entirely clear.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Where","exactly","the","you","part","of","the","brain","is","situated","is","not","entirely","clear","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"We know that areas like the precuneus cortex have the greatest influence on our consciousness,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","know","that","areas","like","the","precuneus","cortex","have","the","greatest","influence","on","our","consciousness",","],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"but also that several areas can network together to share tasks none of them can do alone.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["but","also","that","several","areas","can","network","together","to","share","tasks","none","of","them","can","do","alone","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,2,15,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The brain's building blocks are not exactly simple either.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","brain","'s","building","blocks","are","not","exactly","simple","either","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,37,13,11,13,0]}
{"text":"Neurons are not just wires, they alter and process information.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Neurons","are","not","just","wires",",","they","alter","and","process","information","."],"tags":[1,21,37,13,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Synapses, where signals are handed over from one neuron to the next, contain receptors for hundreds of chemical signals, opening them up to outside influence.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":119,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":20,"token_start":15},{"end":157,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":121,"token_end":27,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Synapses",",","where","signals","are","handed","over","from","one","neuron","to","the","next",",","contain","receptors","for","hundreds","of","chemical","signals",",","opening","them","up","to","outside","influence","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We have a basic understanding of how these work and we can accurately predict their behavior at small scales, but there's a lot more to the brain than just nerve signals.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":18,"token_start":10},{"end":169,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":114,"token_end":32,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["We","have","a","basic","understanding","of","how","these","work","and","we","can","accurately","predict","their","behavior","at","small","scales",",","but","there","'s","a","lot","more","to","the","brain","than","just","nerve","signals","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Hormones play a huge role, like serotonin, which affects our mood, or histamine, which helps us learn.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Hormones","play","a","huge","role",",","like","serotonin",",","which","affects","our","mood",",","or","histamine",",","which","helps","us","learn","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The brain is influenced by our other parts too, from heart nerves to gut bacteria.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","brain","is","influenced","by","our","other","parts","too",",","from","heart","nerves","to","gut","bacteria","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What seemed like a very complicated system to begin with gets even more complicated the more we learn about it.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["What","seemed","like","a","very","complicated","system","to","begin","with","gets","even","more","complicated","the","more","we","learn","about","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To get this wildly interconnected mess of cells and meat and chemicals into a computer, we need a model that we can simulate in our digital world, some sort of scan.","spans":[{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":89,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":94,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":91,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":163,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":32,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["To","get","this","wildly","interconnected","mess","of","cells","and","meat","and","chemicals","into","a","computer",",","we","need","a","model","that","we","can","simulate","in","our","digital","world",",","some","sort","of","scan","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, our scanning technology, like fMRI machines, is not nearly good enough to attempt such a thing.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":108,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","our","scanning","technology",",","like","fMRI","machines",",","is","not","nearly","good","enough","to","attempt","such","a","thing","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But there is a different method that seems very promising.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","is","a","different","method","that","seems","very","promising","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In 2019, scientists successfully mapped a cubic millimeter of mouse brain, roughly the size of a big grain of sand.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","2019",",","scientists","successfully","mapped","a","cubic","millimeter","of","mouse","brain",",","roughly","the","size","of","a","big","grain","of","sand","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It contained 100,000 neurons with a billion synapses and four kilometers of nerve fibers.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","contained","100,000","neurons","with","a","billion","synapses","and","four","kilometers","of","nerve","fibers","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This grain of brain was cut into 25,000 slices.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","grain","of","brain","was","cut","into","25,000","slices","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Five electron microscopes ran continuously for five months, collecting more than 100 million images.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Five","electron","microscopes","ran","continuously","for","five","months",",","collecting","more","than","100","million","images","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It took three months to assemble the images into a 3D model.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","took","three","months","to","assemble","the","images","into","a","3D","model","."],"tags":[3,23,5,6,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The completed data set fills up two million gigabytes of cloud storage.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","completed","data","set","fills","up","two","million","gigabytes","of","cloud","storage","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To scan a whole human brain, we would have to repeat this effort a million times, which is much easier said than done.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["To","scan","a","whole","human","brain",",","we","would","have","to","repeat","this","effort","a","million","times",",","which","is","much","easier","said","than","done","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,17,18,19,5,6,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Even worse, to correctly simulate a brain, we might even have to map out much smaller building blocks to include the billions of underlying proteins","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":101,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":19,"token_start":16},{"end":148,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":26,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Even","worse",",","to","correctly","simulate","a","brain",",","we","might","even","have","to","map","out","much","smaller","building","blocks","to","include","the","billions","of","underlying","proteins"],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,17,18,31,32,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14]}
{"text":"While all of these issues are annoying, the real question is how we turn the static blueprint of the brain into an active thing.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":126,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":24,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["While","all","of","these","issues","are","annoying",",","the","real","question","is","how","we","turn","the","static","blueprint","of","the","brain","into","an","active","thing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Even if we have a scan, down to the level of synapses, we need laws and rules that animate the wiring diagram.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Even","if","we","have","a","scan",",","down","to","the","level","of","synapses",",","we","need","laws","and","rules","that","animate","the","wiring","diagram","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To endow this static structure with life, update it with the various laws of chemical binding, of electrodynamics, to animate the simulation.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":19,"token_start":10},{"end":139,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":115,"token_end":24,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["To","endow","this","static","structure","with","life",",","update","it","with","the","various","laws","of","chemical","binding",",","of","electrodynamics",",","to","animate","the","simulation","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So it becomes a dynamic active thing like a brain that exists from one microsecond to the next that could evolve in time, think, see, and act.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":141,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":29,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","it","becomes","a","dynamic","active","thing","like","a","brain","that","exists","from","one","microsecond","to","the","next","that","could","evolve","in","time",",","think",",","see",",","and","act","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The reality is that we just don't know if this is possible to achieve.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","reality","is","that","we","just","do","n't","know","if","this","is","possible","to","achieve","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It all hinges on the nature of the problem.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","all","hinges","on","the","nature","of","the","problem","."],"tags":[1,39,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Are the brain and mind just complicated and a lot of work to figure out?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Are","the","brain","and","mind","just","complicated","and","a","lot","of","work","to","figure","out","?"],"tags":[21,1,2,2,2,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Or are they complex in a way that we can't solve?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Or","are","they","complex","in","a","way","that","we","ca","n't","solve","?"],"tags":[0,21,1,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the worst case, consciousness is more than the sum of the parts of the brain in a way that we don't realize yet.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":16,"token_start":7},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["In","the","worst","case",",","consciousness","is","more","than","the","sum","of","the","parts","of","the","brain","in","a","way","that","we","do","n't","realize","yet","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Just having a list of the ingredients might not be enough to get a good consciousness cake.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Just","having","a","list","of","the","ingredients","might","not","be","enough","to","get","a","good","consciousness","cake","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Right now we have a great starting point with tangible scientific results and an end goal,","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Right","now","we","have","a","great","starting","point","with","tangible","scientific","results","and","an","end","goal",","],"tags":[13,14,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"but the road to true simulation is unclear and requires a lot of innovation and research.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["but","the","road","to","true","simulation","is","unclear","and","requires","a","lot","of","innovation","and","research","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Humans have historically been horrible at predicting the pace of progress.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Humans","have","historically","been","horrible","at","predicting","the","pace","of","progress","."],"tags":[1,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In the best case, it's just a matter of doing the work and finding the right solutions.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","the","best","case",",","it","'s","just","a","matter","of","doing","the","work","and","finding","the","right","solutions","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It might not be necessary to simulate every last cell down to the last atom.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","might","not","be","necessary","to","simulate","every","last","cell","down","to","the","last","atom","."],"tags":[3,15,37,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Instead, it may be possible to simplify elements into probabilistic models that could match the behavior of the brain using a more manageable number of simpler systems.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":167,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":27,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Instead",",","it","may","be","possible","to","simplify","elements","into","probabilistic","models","that","could","match","the","behavior","of","the","brain","using","a","more","manageable","number","of","simpler","systems","."],"tags":[13,0,3,15,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"So we really don't know if we will ever understand our brain and consciousness well enough to upload human minds.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","we","really","do","n't","know","if","we","will","ever","understand","our","brain","and","consciousness","well","enough","to","upload","human","minds","."],"tags":[0,1,13,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But the science is real and worth pursuing.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","the","science","is","real","and","worth","pursuing","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"At the very least, we will just learn a lot about ourselves and develop a bunch of new technologies.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["At","the","very","least",",","we","will","just","learn","a","lot","about","ourselves","and","develop","a","bunch","of","new","technologies","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If we succeed, this might put mind uploading well within the capabilities of our rapidly progressing computer technology.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","we","succeed",",","this","might","put","mind","uploading","well","within","the","capabilities","of","our","rapidly","progressing","computer","technology","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The consequences for humanity and our future in this universe are vast, creepy, and amazing.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","consequences","for","humanity","and","our","future","in","this","universe","are","vast",",","creepy",",","and","amazing","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Successful mind uploading is functional immortality.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Successful","mind","uploading","is","functional","immortality","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Unless damaged or deleted, you will continue to exist as long as a copy is stored somewhere.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Unless","damaged","or","deleted",",","you","will","continue","to","exist","as","long","as","a","copy","is","stored","somewhere","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Of course, if the scan is corrupted in any of a myriad of ways, your mind might get corrupted too.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":14,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":21,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Of","course",",","if","the","scan","is","corrupted","in","any","of","a","myriad","of","ways",",","your","mind","might","get","corrupted","too","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,15,29,13,0]}
{"text":"You might be in an eternity of pain or paranoia or having an endless psychotic breakdown.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","might","be","in","an","eternity","of","pain","or","paranoia","or","having","an","endless","psychotic","breakdown","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The question if this digital mind is you opens another whole can of worms.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","question","if","this","digital","mind","is","you","opens","another","whole","can","of","worms","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For now, we'll just assume that your digital mind at least feels like it's you.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["For","now",",","we","'ll","just","assume","that","your","digital","mind","at","least","feels","like","it","'s","you","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"How would mind uploading change your outlook on life?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["How","would","mind","uploading","change","your","outlook","on","life","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Will you feel safer knowing that death is not necessarily the end?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Will","you","feel","safer","knowing","that","death","is","not","necessarily","the","end","?"],"tags":[15,1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Or would you try to be super safe to avoid dying before your mind is uploaded?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Or","would","you","try","to","be","super","safe","to","avoid","dying","before","your","mind","is","uploaded","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If scanning technology does become advanced enough, your biological and digital versions could coexist.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":93,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":101,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":95,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","scanning","technology","does","become","advanced","enough",",","your","biological","and","digital","versions","could","coexist","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"You could help each other out by making your biological lifespan more enjoyable and the future of the copy more secure.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["You","could","help","each","other","out","by","making","your","biological","lifespan","more","enjoyable","and","the","future","of","the","copy","more","secure","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Whatever happens, your mind copy will begin a completely new life once it opens their digital eyes for the first time.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Whatever","happens",",","your","mind","copy","will","begin","a","completely","new","life","once","it","opens","their","digital","eyes","for","the","first","time","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Having a functional body is actually quite nice and you're pretty used to it.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Having","a","functional","body","is","actually","quite","nice","and","you","'re","pretty","used","to","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Food, love, pain, and exhaustion, all of these things are parts of us that we must live with.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Food",",","love",",","pain",",","and","exhaustion",",","all","of","these","things","are","parts","of","us","that","we","must","live","with","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"So while you could decide to live in a simulated body, it might be optional for a digital mind.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":66,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So","while","you","could","decide","to","live","in","a","simulated","body",",","it","might","be","optional","for","a","digital","mind","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Falling in love might lose meaning if you can have it at the press of a button.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Falling","in","love","might","lose","meaning","if","you","can","have","it","at","the","press","of","a","button","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Instead, you might end up searching for new extraordinary experiences.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Instead",",","you","might","end","up","searching","for","new","extraordinary","experiences","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Walk on the surface of the Sun.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":6,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Walk","on","the","surface","of","the","Sun","."],"tags":[19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Speed up time to skip past a few boring months.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Speed","up","time","to","skip","past","a","few","boring","months","."],"tags":[31,32,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Experience a simulation of the past.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Experience","a","simulation","of","the","past","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Your perspectives and priorities will change as you continue to exist in this liberated form.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Your","perspectives","and","priorities","will","change","as","you","continue","to","exist","in","this","liberated","form","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The longer digital minds exist, eventually they will likely gain greater knowledge of themselves and an ability to change their own contents.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":139,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","longer","digital","minds","exist",",","eventually","they","will","likely","gain","greater","knowledge","of","themselves","and","an","ability","to","change","their","own","contents","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This can be as simple as deleting a memory that bugs you.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","can","be","as","simple","as","deleting","a","memory","that","bugs","you","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You might change aspects of your personality, like grudges, addictions, or laziness.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","might","change","aspects","of","your","personality",",","like","grudges",",","addictions",",","or","laziness","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Without the constraints of biology, your abilities might move up as technology progresses","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Without","the","constraints","of","biology",",","your","abilities","might","move","up","as","technology","progresses"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,31,32,13,14,14]}
{"text":"while your priorities or goals might become more and more foreign to your original brain if it's still alive.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":14,"token_start":7},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["while","your","priorities","or","goals","might","become","more","and","more","foreign","to","your","original","brain","if","it","'s","still","alive","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Waking up to the true potential of digital immortality will be gradual.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Waking","up","to","the","true","potential","of","digital","immortality","will","be","gradual","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"You can start projects that would take more than a lifetime to complete.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","can","start","projects","that","would","take","more","than","a","lifetime","to","complete","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Scientists could accumulate an incredible amount of knowledge, leading to discoveries that could revolutionize the world.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Scientists","could","accumulate","an","incredible","amount","of","knowledge",",","leading","to","discoveries","that","could","revolutionize","the","world","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Adventurers could upload themselves onto small spaceships and embark on journeys to the stars, just putting themselves on pause for thousands of years at a time.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":160,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":26,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Adventurers","could","upload","themselves","onto","small","spaceships","and","embark","on","journeys","to","the","stars",",","just","putting","themselves","on","pause","for","thousands","of","years","at","a","time","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Although, it's unlikely that every digital mind will work for the benefit of humanity, since our current meat versions don't do that either.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":85,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":15,"token_start":5},{"end":139,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":26,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Although",",","it","'s","unlikely","that","every","digital","mind","will","work","for","the","benefit","of","humanity",",","since","our","current","meat","versions","do","n't","do","that","either","."],"tags":[0,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Some will seek power and influence and will have a literal eternity of trying to create empires.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Some","will","seek","power","and","influence","and","will","have","a","literal","eternity","of","trying","to","create","empires","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Others will begin hoarding as many resources for themselves as possible as they compete with other minds trying to do the same.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Others","will","begin","hoarding","as","many","resources","for","themselves","as","possible","as","they","compete","with","other","minds","trying","to","do","the","same","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The longer they live, the less sympathy they may feel for simple meat beings.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","longer","they","live",",","the","less","sympathy","they","may","feel","for","simple","meat","beings","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,1,15,21,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Or imagine immortal cult leaders who propagate lies and invent religions, fine-tuning and perfecting their dogma over hundreds of years.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":135,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Or","imagine","immortal","cult","leaders","who","propagate","lies","and","invent","religions",",","fine","-","tuning","and","perfecting","their","dogma","over","hundreds","of","years","."],"tags":[0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Maybe our minds are not made for immortality and digital minds will just become rigid and unproductive and retire after a very long life,","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":136,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Maybe","our","minds","are","not","made","for","immortality","and","digital","minds","will","just","become","rigid","and","unproductive","and","retire","after","a","very","long","life",","],"tags":[13,1,2,15,37,23,35,36,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's hard to predict how much good or bad a self-improving mind could do with hundreds or thousands of years of free time.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":121,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","hard","to","predict","how","much","good","or","bad","a","self","-","improving","mind","could","do","with","hundreds","or","thousands","of","years","of","free","time","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"While Mind Upload with all its wonders and horrors is beyond our current technological capabilities,","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["While","Mind","Upload","with","all","its","wonders","and","horrors","is","beyond","our","current","technological","capabilities",","],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"you can use some of your free time in the present and experience one interpretation of this future right away by hitting the streets of Night City in Cyberpunk 2077.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":164,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":29,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["you","can","use","some","of","your","free","time","in","the","present","and","experience","one","interpretation","of","this","future","right","away","by","hitting","the","streets","of","Night","City","in","Cyberpunk","2077","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Cyberpunk 2077 is made by CD Projekt Red, the studio that brought us the Wisher series and is one of the most eagerly awaited games of the last few years.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":152,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":30,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Cyberpunk","2077","is","made","by","CD","Projekt","Red",",","the","studio","that","brought","us","the","Wisher","series","and","is","one","of","the","most","eagerly","awaited","games","of","the","last","few","years","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You dive into a dark, dystopian future where incredible technology is redefining who and what we are.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","dive","into","a","dark",",","dystopian","future","where","incredible","technology","is","redefining","who","and","what","we","are","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You can become part of this stunningly large world with immersive storytelling.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","can","become","part","of","this","stunningly","large","world","with","immersive","storytelling","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Here's the thing, we haven't played the game yet but when you see this video we're probably already doing so.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Here","'s","the","thing",",","we","have","n't","played","the","game","yet","but","when","you","see","this","video","we","'re","probably","already","doing","so","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,1,15,37,29,5,6,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If the past work of CD Projekt Red is any indication then this will be an amazing game, which is why we did this collaboration and sat on this video for far too long.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":70,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","the","past","work","of","CD","Projekt","Red","is","any","indication","then","this","will","be","an","amazing","game",",","which","is","why","we","did","this","collaboration","and","sat","on","this","video","for","far","too","long","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,1,15,21,11,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So if it's made you curious, check it out.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":41,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","if","it","'s","made","you","curious",",","check","it","out","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,35,0]}
{"text":"If you are like most people, there is a gap between the person you are and the person you wish to be.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":100,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","you","are","like","most","people",",","there","is","a","gap","between","the","person","you","are","and","the","person","you","wish","to","be","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"There are little things you think you should do and big things you ought to achieve.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","little","things","you","think","you","should","do","and","big","things","you","ought","to","achieve","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But it sometimes feels that to achieve your goals, you have to become a different person.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","sometimes","feels","that","to","achieve","your","goals",",","you","have","to","become","a","different","person","."],"tags":[0,3,13,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Maybe you've tried your hardest to be like that and it worked for a while.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Maybe","you","'ve","tried","your","hardest","to","be","like","that","and","it","worked","for","a","while","."],"tags":[13,1,15,29,13,14,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Until you find yourself slipping back into your old ways.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Until","you","find","yourself","slipping","back","into","your","old","ways","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"In the end, you always seem to fail and with every failed attempt, you become more and more frustrated and annoyed with yourself.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","you","always","seem","to","fail","and","with","every","failed","attempt",",","you","become","more","and","more","frustrated","and","annoyed","with","yourself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,17,18,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you believe success and hustle internet, it's all your own fault.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["If","you","believe","success","and","hustle","internet",",","it","'s","all","your","own","fault","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you don't succeed, you just didn't want it enough and the failure is all you.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":37,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","do","n't","succeed",",","you","just","did","n't","want","it","enough","and","the","failure","is","all","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,15,37,19,5,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But change is actually hard and as with most things in life, understanding why makes things easier.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","change","is","actually","hard","and","as","with","most","things","in","life",",","understanding","why","makes","things","easier","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Imagine your brain as a lush and dense jungle.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Imagine","your","brain","as","a","lush","and","dense","jungle","."],"tags":[19,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Moving through it, say to make a decision to do something, is like moving through an actual jungle.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Moving","through","it",",","say","to","make","a","decision","to","do","something",",","is","like","moving","through","an","actual","jungle","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's hard and it costs energy.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","hard","and","it","costs","energy","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Your brain hates expending energy, so it came up with a trick.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Your","brain","hates","expending","energy",",","so","it","came","up","with","a","trick","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"All your actions and behaviors leave paths in the jungle of your brain.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","your","actions","and","behaviors","leave","paths","in","the","jungle","of","your","brain","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"As you start doing something, you trample down some plants and make rough improvised trails through the undergrowth.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":115,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["As","you","start","doing","something",",","you","trample","down","some","plants","and","make","rough","improvised","trails","through","the","undergrowth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The more often you do the thing, the more pronounced the trail becomes.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","more","often","you","do","the","thing",",","the","more","pronounced","the","trail","becomes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,1,2,21,0]}
{"text":"Over time, it turns into a path that is easier to tread, so you take it more often and it turns into a street.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":25,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Over","time",",","it","turns","into","a","path","that","is","easier","to","tread",",","so","you","take","it","more","often","and","it","turns","into","a","street","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As you repeat doing the thing over and over for years, the street turns into a highway.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["As","you","repeat","doing","the","thing","over","and","over","for","years",",","the","street","turns","into","a","highway","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,31,32,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Traversing it becomes effortless, familiar and comfortable.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Traversing","it","becomes","effortless",",","familiar","and","comfortable","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The more pronounced your brain highways, the more you get used to their comfort.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","more","pronounced","your","brain","highways",",","the","more","you","get","used","to","their","comfort","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So we continue to use them, which means we tend to do what we've always done.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","we","continue","to","use","them",",","which","means","we","tend","to","do","what","we","'ve","always","done","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This is why change is hard, especially as an adult, when your jungle is crisscrossed by lots of established streets and highways.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":127,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","why","change","is","hard",",","especially","as","an","adult",",","when","your","jungle","is","crisscrossed","by","lots","of","established","streets","and","highways","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"To understand how those highways are built, we need to distinguish between two things.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["To","understand","how","those","highways","are","built",",","we","need","to","distinguish","between","two","things","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"For example, you get the same ingredients for your favorite dish and cook them in a certain order because you like the taste of the result.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":138,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":26,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["For","example",",","you","get","the","same","ingredients","for","your","favorite","dish","and","cook","them","in","a","certain","order","because","you","like","the","taste","of","the","result","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Or before going to bed, you set an alarm at 6.30 because this is when you want to get up.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Or","before","going","to","bed",",","you","set","an","alarm","at","6.30","because","this","is","when","you","want","to","get","up","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Imagine routines as being executed by a wise planner.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Imagine","routines","as","being","executed","by","a","wise","planner","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"It's slow and analytical, responsible for strategizing and mental calculations.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","slow","and","analytical",",","responsible","for","strategizing","and","mental","calculations","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The planner is aware of the future and carefully considers what kinds of result you want.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","planner","is","aware","of","the","future","and","carefully","considers","what","kinds","of","result","you","want","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Based on that, it chooses actions to achieve specific outcomes, even if they are uncomfortable, like taking a shower after getting up.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":24,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Based","on","that",",","it","chooses","actions","to","achieve","specific","outcomes",",","even","if","they","are","uncomfortable",",","like","taking","a","shower","after","getting","up","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Routines can eventually turn into habits, which feel much easier because they're basically a sequence of actions carried out without thinking about them.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Routines","can","eventually","turn","into","habits",",","which","feel","much","easier","because","they","'re","basically","a","sequence","of","actions","carried","out","without","thinking","about","them","."],"tags":[1,15,13,31,32,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"You've done them so often before that your brain considers them rewarding and a great response to a situation.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["You","'ve","done","them","so","often","before","that","your","brain","considers","them","rewarding","and","a","great","response","to","a","situation","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,13,14,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So a habit can feel like you're on autopilot.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","a","habit","can","feel","like","you","'re","on","autopilot","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You don't have to convince yourself to do something that's a habit, you just do it.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["You","do","n't","have","to","convince","yourself","to","do","something","that","'s","a","habit",",","you","just","do","it","."],"tags":[1,15,37,17,18,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The important thing about habits is that they are set in motion by triggers, context cues that can be single things or entire situations","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":135,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":24,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","important","thing","about","habits","is","that","they","are","set","in","motion","by","triggers",",","context","cues","that","can","be","single","things","or","entire","situations"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12]}
{"text":"You already have a lot of triggers in your life, like when you see your phone.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["You","already","have","a","lot","of","triggers","in","your","life",",","like","when","you","see","your","phone","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You almost always unlock the screen or you reach for the seatbelt when you sit in a car.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["You","almost","always","unlock","the","screen","or","you","reach","for","the","seatbelt","when","you","sit","in","a","car","."],"tags":[1,13,14,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Or when you buy your coffee before work, you also get a cookie, even though you aren't actually hungry.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Or","when","you","buy","your","coffee","before","work",",","you","also","get","a","cookie",",","even","though","you","are","n't","actually","hungry","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Habits are executed by an impulsive toddler.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Habits","are","executed","by","an","impulsive","toddler","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It responds to your immediate desires based on what's around you, without considering any longer-term goals.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["It","responds","to","your","immediate","desires","based","on","what","'s","around","you",",","without","considering","any","longer","-","term","goals","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For the toddler, the future doesn't exist and it hates hard work.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["For","the","toddler",",","the","future","does","n't","exist","and","it","hates","hard","work","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,37,19,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So when it notices a trigger, it steers you to take this easy road inside your brain that leads to a familiar, rewarding result.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":127,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":25,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","when","it","notices","a","trigger",",","it","steers","you","to","take","this","easy","road","inside","your","brain","that","leads","to","a","familiar",",","rewarding","result","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"If you get coffee, the toddler also wants the cookie just because that's what you do every morning.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","you","get","coffee",",","the","toddler","also","wants","the","cookie","just","because","that","'s","what","you","do","every","morning","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,13,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This rewarding feeling is also how most of your bad habits started.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","rewarding","feeling","is","also","how","most","of","your","bad","habits","started","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Chocolate is tasty, browsing Reddit is occasionally mildly entertaining.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Chocolate","is","tasty",",","browsing","Reddit","is","occasionally","mildly","entertaining","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This is why you repeat these actions, even if they're bad for you.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","why","you","repeat","these","actions",",","even","if","they","'re","bad","for","you","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Rewarding feelings associated with an action demand to be repeated and so a bad habit is born.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Rewarding","feelings","associated","with","an","action","demand","to","be","repeated","and","so","a","bad","habit","is","born","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"While the toddler sounds like a built-in sabotage mechanism, it is as important as the wise planner and actually they work together most of the time.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":66,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":19,"token_start":14},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":104,"token_end":28,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["While","the","toddler","sounds","like","a","built","-","in","sabotage","mechanism",",","it","is","as","important","as","the","wise","planner","and","actually","they","work","together","most","of","the","time","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"You need your wise planner for thinking big thoughts and parallel parking and doing your taxes.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","need","your","wise","planner","for","thinking","big","thoughts","and","parallel","parking","and","doing","your","taxes","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But letting your wise planner do everything would cost too much energy.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","letting","your","wise","planner","do","everything","would","cost","too","much","energy","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Outsourcing mundane and repetitive tasks to habits managed by the toddler allows your brain to easily manage your daily life","spans":[{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":74,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":124,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Outsourcing","mundane","and","repetitive","tasks","to","habits","managed","by","the","toddler","allows","your","brain","to","easily","manage","your","daily","life"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34]}
{"text":"So if we want to change and introduce a new behavior into our lives, we can actually use these energy saving mechanisms to make it easier.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":13,"token_start":1},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":85,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":119,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":22,"token_start":19},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":120,"token_end":26,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["So","if","we","want","to","change","and","introduce","a","new","behavior","into","our","lives",",","we","can","actually","use","these","energy","saving","mechanisms","to","make","it","easier","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We'll focus on small things, not big ones.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","'ll","focus","on","small","things",",","not","big","ones","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Improving your life a little is so much better than aiming high and changing nothing.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Improving","your","life","a","little","is","so","much","better","than","aiming","high","and","changing","nothing","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Especially because small changes can do a lot over months and years.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Especially","because","small","changes","can","do","a","lot","over","months","and","years","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you want to make change easier, the best way may not be to force it with willpower, but to convince your brain that it's not that big of a deal.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":146,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":33,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","make","change","easier",",","the","best","way","may","not","be","to","force","it","with","willpower",",","but","to","convince","your","brain","that","it","'s","not","that","big","of","a","deal","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,15,37,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"You want your wise planner to construct that first trail and then use your toddler to help initiate the action effortlessly.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":123,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["You","want","your","wise","planner","to","construct","that","first","trail","and","then","use","your","toddler","to","help","initiate","the","action","effortlessly","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Let's say you want to work out to be fitter, a very common goal.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","say","you","want","to","work","out","to","be","fitter",",","a","very","common","goal","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The first thing to do is to break down this pretty vague goal into clear separate actions, because the idea is to make the action itself as easy a threshold as possible.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":168,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":32,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","first","thing","to","do","is","to","break","down","this","pretty","vague","goal","into","clear","separate","actions",",","because","the","idea","is","to","make","the","action","itself","as","easy","a","threshold","as","possible","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"For example, a tangible controllable action might be doing 10 squats every morning.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["For","example",",","a","tangible","controllable","action","might","be","doing","10","squats","every","morning","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,15,27,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"So you can start by trying to create a routine, but already include clear triggers that the toddler can pick up later on.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","you","can","start","by","trying","to","create","a","routine",",","but","already","include","clear","triggers","that","the","toddler","can","pick","up","later","on","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Remember, a trigger is nothing more than a signal that you always associate with the action.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Remember",",","a","trigger","is","nothing","more","than","a","signal","that","you","always","associate","with","the","action","."],"tags":[19,0,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They can be visual pointers like seeing a particular object, like your training outfit.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","can","be","visual","pointers","like","seeing","a","particular","object",",","like","your","training","outfit","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Or even better, all of these things combined.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Or","even","better",",","all","of","these","things","combined","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,2,2,29,0]}
{"text":"The important thing is that you always start doing your action in a specific context.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","important","thing","is","that","you","always","start","doing","your","action","in","a","specific","context","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This trigger is the start button that will eventually set off the action automatically.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","trigger","is","the","start","button","that","will","eventually","set","off","the","action","automatically","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So to establish a home workout habit with 10 squats to begin with,","spans":[],"tokens":["So","to","establish","a","home","workout","habit","with","10","squats","to","begin","with",","],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"you could make sure to always do them with your exercise gear on at the same place and time, like in your living room at 8am.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":18,"token_start":4},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":27,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["you","could","make","sure","to","always","do","them","with","your","exercise","gear","on","at","the","same","place","and","time",",","like","in","your","living","room","at","8","am","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Once you have your trigger and action, all you need to do is repeat them regularly, ideally every day.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Once","you","have","your","trigger","and","action",",","all","you","need","to","do","is","repeat","them","regularly",",","ideally","every","day","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you keep going, they will change from a routine to a habit, from a trail to a highway.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","you","keep","going",",","they","will","change","from","a","routine","to","a","habit",",","from","a","trail","to","a","highway","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Don't get this wrong, the squats will still take you energy to do.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Do","n't","get","this","wrong",",","the","squats","will","still","take","you","energy","to","do","."],"tags":[15,37,19,5,33,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But the decision to do them will feel much less like a chore and more like a regular part of your day.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","the","decision","to","do","them","will","feel","much","less","like","a","chore","and","more","like","a","regular","part","of","your","day","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While this is simple, it's not easy.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["While","this","is","simple",",","it","'s","not","easy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"Many things you want to turn into habit don't offer as much instant gratification as wasting time on Reddit.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Many","things","you","want","to","turn","into","habit","do","n't","offer","as","much","instant","gratification","as","wasting","time","on","Reddit","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To make your new action easier to repeat and more likely to be picked up by the toddler, try to make it pleasurable.","spans":[{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":89,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":115,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":23,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["To","make","your","new","action","easier","to","repeat","and","more","likely","to","be","picked","up","by","the","toddler",",","try","to","make","it","pleasurable","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You need to figure out what works for you.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","need","to","figure","out","what","works","for","you","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In principle, that's it.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","principle",",","that","'s","it","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"How long it takes for your toddler to take over and establish a habit varies widely.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["How","long","it","takes","for","your","toddler","to","take","over","and","establish","a","habit","varies","widely","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,0]}
{"text":"It depends on the behavior you're trying to get used to, what kind of person you are, your stress levels, and many more things.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":27,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","depends","on","the","behavior","you","'re","trying","to","get","used","to",",","what","kind","of","person","you","are",",","your","stress","levels",",","and","many","more","things","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It takes anything between 15 and 250 days until a new habit is kicked off automatically by its trigger.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","takes","anything","between","15","and","250","days","until","a","new","habit","is","kicked","off","automatically","by","its","trigger","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You won't know how long it will take for you, but you will know how long it will take for your toddler.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["You","wo","n't","know","how","long","it","will","take","for","you",",","but","you","will","know","how","long","it","will","take","for","your","toddler","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Starting is the easy part, especially in the first week or two.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Starting","is","the","easy","part",",","especially","in","the","first","week","or","two","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Continuing to do it every day is the hard part, but it does get easier as you keep going.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Continuing","to","do","it","every","day","is","the","hard","part",",","but","it","does","get","easier","as","you","keep","going","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There are no silver bullets for change.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","no","silver","bullets","for","change","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But the science of habits is a reminder that it is possible no matter how old or young you are.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","the","science","of","habits","is","a","reminder","that","it","is","possible","no","matter","how","old","or","young","you","are","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Even if you only end up doing a little more good stuff or a few new things, that's still a success.","spans":[{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":81,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":22,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Even","if","you","only","end","up","doing","a","little","more","good","stuff","or","a","few","new","things",",","that","'s","still","a","success","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Being a little bit more healthy or knowledgeable is a million times better than being unhappy about a thing and changing nothing.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":127,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Being","a","little","bit","more","healthy","or","knowledgeable","is","a","million","times","better","than","being","unhappy","about","a","thing","and","changing","nothing","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In the end, change is a direction, not a destination.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","change","is","a","direction",",","not","a","destination","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So now, hoping we've given you a bit of insight and motivation, here is a thing we made to make this progress easier with design and science.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":71,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":140,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":29,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["So","now",",","hoping","we","'ve","given","you","a","bit","of","insight","and","motivation",",","here","is","a","thing","we","made","to","make","this","progress","easier","with","design","and","science","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Please bear in mind, you don't need to buy anything to work on yourself.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Please","bear","in","mind",",","you","do","n't","need","to","buy","anything","to","work","on","yourself","."],"tags":[0,19,13,14,0,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is optional.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","optional","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Having said that, we struggle with change as much as anyone else, so we've created our own habit journal, as much for ourselves as for you.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":138,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":29,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Having","said","that",",","we","struggle","with","change","as","much","as","anyone","else",",","so","we","'ve","created","our","own","habit","journal",",","as","much","for","ourselves","as","for","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Before we printed anything, we tested it on ourselves and got feedback from the Kurzgesagt team and experts.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Before","we","printed","anything",",","we","tested","it","on","ourselves","and","got","feedback","from","the","Kurzgesagt","team","and","experts","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The idea is for you to track your habit progress for your desired behavior.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","idea","is","for","you","to","track","your","habit","progress","for","your","desired","behavior","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There's a tutorial part which guides you through the hardest part of the process step by step.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":93,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","a","tutorial","part","which","guides","you","through","the","hardest","part","of","the","process","step","by","step","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"You'll get helpful pointers, reflect on your progress and how you could make things easier for yourself.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","'ll","get","helpful","pointers",",","reflect","on","your","progress","and","how","you","could","make","things","easier","for","yourself","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Once you get through the tutorial part, the habit journaling starts, regularly interwoven with examples, science breaks and reflections","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Once","you","get","through","the","tutorial","part",",","the","habit","journaling","starts",",","regularly","interwoven","with","examples",",","science","breaks","and","reflections"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Like our gratitude journal, it's cloth-bound with an embossed hardcover and printed on high quality paper.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":104,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Like","our","gratitude","journal",",","it","'s","cloth","-","bound","with","an","embossed","hardcover","and","printed","on","high","quality","paper","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Nice to the touch and with lots of beautiful illustrations, this book is a companion on your personal change journey, however small or big it may be.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":147,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":28,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Nice","to","the","touch","and","with","lots","of","beautiful","illustrations",",","this","book","is","a","companion","on","your","personal","change","journey",",","however","small","or","big","it","may","be","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Getting things from our shop is the best way to support Kurzgesagt and what we try to do here on the channel.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":107,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":21,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Getting","things","from","our","shop","is","the","best","way","to","support","Kurzgesagt","and","what","we","try","to","do","here","on","the","channel","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Thank you for watching.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","for","watching","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"These solar flares and coronal mass ejections or CMEs can hit Earth and have serious consequences for humanity.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["These","solar","flares","and","coronal","mass","ejections","or","CMEs","can","hit","Earth","and","have","serious","consequences","for","humanity","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"How exactly do they work, how bad could they be, and can we prepare for them?","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["How","exactly","do","they","work",",","how","bad","could","they","be",",","and","can","we","prepare","for","them","?"],"tags":[13,14,15,1,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"While the Sun seems pretty solid, it's actually like a very hot ocean.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["While","the","Sun","seems","pretty","solid",",","it","'s","actually","like","a","very","hot","ocean","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This plasma is pushed around and shaped by the Sun's magnetic field, similar to how the Sun's gravitational field reaches out to the planets and shapes their orbits.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":164,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":30,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","plasma","is","pushed","around","and","shaped","by","the","Sun","'s","magnetic","field",",","similar","to","how","the","Sun","'s","gravitational","field","reaches","out","to","the","planets","and","shapes","their","orbits","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,35,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But magnetism is very different from gravity.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","magnetism","is","very","different","from","gravity","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Magnetism is one part of a dual force electromagnetism.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Magnetism","is","one","part","of","a","dual","force","electromagnetism","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Electricity creates magnetic fields and magnetic fields create electricity.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Electricity","creates","magnetic","fields","and","magnetic","fields","create","electricity","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"On the Sun, the plasma made of electrically charged protons and electrons creates a magnetic field as they move, and this magnetic field then shapes the flow of particles.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":12,"token_start":4},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":19,"token_start":17},{"end":170,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":117,"token_end":30,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["On","the","Sun",",","the","plasma","made","of","electrically","charged","protons","and","electrons","creates","a","magnetic","field","as","they","move",",","and","this","magnetic","field","then","shapes","the","flow","of","particles","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They're stuck in a dynamic feedback loop called a dynamo, which keeps the Sun's magnetic field alive.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","'re","stuck","in","a","dynamic","feedback","loop","called","a","dynamo",",","which","keeps","the","Sun","'s","magnetic","field","alive","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This magnetic field stores enormous amounts of energy and leaks out over the solar system.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","magnetic","field","stores","enormous","amounts","of","energy","and","leaks","out","over","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It carries with it a constant trickle of solar plasma like a light rain, known as the solar wind, creating a sort of space weather.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":19,"token_start":4},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":26,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["It","carries","with","it","a","constant","trickle","of","solar","plasma","like","a","light","rain",",","known","as","the","solar","wind",",","creating","a","sort","of","space","weather","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But it isn't always calm and smooth.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","it","is","n't","always","calm","and","smooth","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"As the Sun's plasma churns and flows around itself, its magnetic field gets all kinked and twisted.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":91,"token_end":18,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["As","the","Sun","'s","plasma","churns","and","flows","around","itself",",","its","magnetic","field","gets","all","kinked","and","twisted","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,0,41,0]}
{"text":"This creates magnetic knots that build up enormous amounts of energy.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","creates","magnetic","knots","that","build","up","enormous","amounts","of","energy","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"When the magnetic knots break, like a tangle of springs exploding outwards, the Sun can vomit plasma and other awful things into the solar system.","spans":[{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":88,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":122,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":22,"token_start":18},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":124,"token_end":26,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["When","the","magnetic","knots","break",",","like","a","tangle","of","springs","exploding","outwards",",","the","Sun","can","vomit","plasma","and","other","awful","things","into","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These solar storms come in many types, like solar flares, a tidal wave of high-energy radiation.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["These","solar","storms","come","in","many","types",",","like","solar","flares",",","a","tidal","wave","of","high","-","energy","radiation","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They race through the solar system at the speed of light, sweeping up protons in the solar wind, accelerating them into a high-speed solar proton storm.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":150,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":29,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["They","race","through","the","solar","system","at","the","speed","of","light",",","sweeping","up","protons","in","the","solar","wind",",","accelerating","them","into","a","high","-","speed","solar","proton","storm","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Then there are coronal mass ejections, which rip millions or billions of tons of plasma from the Sun's atmosphere,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":113,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Then","there","are","coronal","mass","ejections",",","which","rip","millions","or","billions","of","tons","of","plasma","from","the","Sun","'s","atmosphere",","],"tags":[13,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"When these monsters hit us, nothing happens on Earth.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["When","these","monsters","hit","us",",","nothing","happens","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,13,14,0]}
{"text":"While even smaller storms can damage satellites, affect radio communication, or be dangerous to astronauts, for people on the surface, space weather is harmless.","spans":[{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":108,"token_end":22,"token_start":18},{"end":147,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":135,"token_end":25,"token_start":24},{"end":150,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":149,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":159,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":152,"token_end":27,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["While","even","smaller","storms","can","damage","satellites",",","affect","radio","communication",",","or","be","dangerous","to","astronauts",",","for","people","on","the","surface",",","space","weather","is","harmless","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Earth's atmosphere protects us from the worst effects of a solar flare by absorbing the blast of X-rays high up in the atmosphere, well before it reaches the surface.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":164,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":32,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Earth","'s","atmosphere","protects","us","from","the","worst","effects","of","a","solar","flare","by","absorbing","the","blast","of","X","-","rays","high","up","in","the","atmosphere",",","well","before","it","reaches","the","surface","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The electrified plasma from a CME is deflected by the Earth's magnetic field,","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","electrified","plasma","from","a","CME","is","deflected","by","the","Earth","'s","magnetic","field",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As with any sort of weather, most of the time, things are fine.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["As","with","any","sort","of","weather",",","most","of","the","time",",","things","are","fine","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Sometimes there are hurricanes, though, or in the case of the Sun, solar superstorms.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":84,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Sometimes","there","are","hurricanes",",","though",",","or","in","the","case","of","the","Sun",",","solar","superstorms","."],"tags":[13,3,21,1,0,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And we know that they happen once or twice every century.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","we","know","that","they","happen","once","or","twice","every","century","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If one were to happen today, we would first detect strong solar flares, a sort of flash before the much more dangerous thunder.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":125,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","one","were","to","happen","today",",","we","would","first","detect","strong","solar","flares",",","a","sort","of","flash","before","the","much","more","dangerous","thunder","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The thunder is a CME, consisting of billions of tons of hot magnetic plasma that crosses the 150 million kilometers between the Sun and Earth in less than a day.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":159,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":30,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","thunder","is","a","CME",",","consisting","of","billions","of","tons","of","hot","magnetic","plasma","that","crosses","the","150","million","kilometers","between","the","Sun","and","Earth","in","less","than","a","day","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"When it arrives, it causes a shock wave that violently compresses the Earth's magnetic field and transfers energy into the magnetosphere.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":135,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":22,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["When","it","arrives",",","it","causes","a","shock","wave","that","violently","compresses","the","Earth","'s","magnetic","field","and","transfers","energy","into","the","magnetosphere","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But it can get worse.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","can","get","worse","."],"tags":[0,1,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"If the magnetic field of the CME is aligned to Earth's in just the right way, the two magnetic fields merge.","spans":[{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":100,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":21,"token_start":18},{"end":106,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":102,"token_end":22,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["If","the","magnetic","field","of","the","CME","is","aligned","to","Earth","'s","in","just","the","right","way",",","the","two","magnetic","fields","merge","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,0]}
{"text":"As the magnetic cloud passes over Earth, it stretches the Earth's field into a long tail.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["As","the","magnetic","cloud","passes","over","Earth",",","it","stretches","the","Earth","'s","field","into","a","long","tail","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Eventually, the energy stored in the tail becomes too much to contain.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Eventually",",","the","energy","stored","in","the","tail","becomes","too","much","to","contain","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It snaps and explosively releases its energy towards Earth.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","snaps","and","explosively","releases","its","energy","towards","Earth","."],"tags":[1,25,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A geomagnetic storm has begun.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","geomagnetic","storm","has","begun","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"A few hundred years ago, nobody would have cared.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["A","few","hundred","years","ago",",","nobody","would","have","cared","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"This storm gushing over the Earth is not relevant for machines made out of meat and bones.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","storm","gushing","over","the","Earth","is","not","relevant","for","machines","made","out","of","meat","and","bones","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But it's very relevant for machines made out of metal and wire.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","very","relevant","for","machines","made","out","of","metal","and","wire","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Remember the dynamo?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Remember","the","dynamo","?"],"tags":[19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Magnetism creates electric currents.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Magnetism","creates","electric","currents","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The Earth in the 21st century is covered in millions of kilometers of wires transporting electricity and a complex grid of machines like transformers that make this transfer possible.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":181,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":28,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","Earth","in","the","21st","century","is","covered","in","millions","of","kilometers","of","wires","transporting","electricity","and","a","complex","grid","of","machines","like","transformers","that","make","this","transfer","possible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A CME's energy can induce currents in our power grid that can either completely shut it down, or worse, destroy the transformer stations that keep our grid running.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":162,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":30,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","CME","'s","energy","can","induce","currents","in","our","power","grid","that","can","either","completely","shut","it","down",",","or","worse",",","destroy","the","transformer","stations","that","keep","our","grid","running","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This has happened already, like when the Quebec power grid failed after a strong solar storm in 1989.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","has","happened","already",",","like","when","the","Quebec","power","grid","failed","after","a","strong","solar","storm","in","1989","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But in general, our engineers know how to deal with these storms, and so we usually don't even notice.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["But","in","general",",","our","engineers","know","how","to","deal","with","these","storms",",","and","so","we","usually","do","n't","even","notice","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The last time a solar hurricane washed over Earth was in 1859.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","last","time","a","solar","hurricane","washed","over","Earth","was","in","1859","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Massive auroras occurred as far south as the Caribbean.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Massive","auroras","occurred","as","far","south","as","the","Caribbean","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In some places, they were so bright that people got up thinking the sun was rising.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","some","places",",","they","were","so","bright","that","people","got","up","thinking","the","sun","was","rising","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Luckily, we only had one sort of modern technology, telegraph systems.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Luckily",",","we","only","had","one","sort","of","modern","technology",",","telegraph","systems","."],"tags":[13,0,1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They failed all over the world, shocking their operators and chucking out sparks.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["They","failed","all","over","the","world",",","shocking","their","operators","and","chucking","out","sparks","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Today, we have a tad more technology, and our luck may run out soon.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Today",",","we","have","a","tad","more","technology",",","and","our","luck","may","run","out","soon","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Another bad solar storm is bound to happen eventually.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Another","bad","solar","storm","is","bound","to","happen","eventually","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A storm as strong as the Carrington event missed Earth only by a small margin in 2012.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["A","storm","as","strong","as","the","Carrington","event","missed","Earth","only","by","a","small","margin","in","2012","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Studies projected that it would have inflicted serious damage to electronic systems globally, costing up to 2.6 trillion dollars to the US alone.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":144,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Studies","projected","that","it","would","have","inflicted","serious","damage","to","electronic","systems","globally",",","costing","up","to","2.6","trillion","dollars","to","the","US","alone","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The time to replace all the damaged systems was estimated at between 4 and 10 years.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":83,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","time","to","replace","all","the","damaged","systems","was","estimated","at","between","4","and","10","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"It's hard to say how bad it could have been.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","hard","to","say","how","bad","it","could","have","been","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Experts disagreed.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Experts","disagreed","."],"tags":[1,23,0]}
{"text":"Some assumed there would just be temporary blackouts, but others worried it could be much worse.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Some","assumed","there","would","just","be","temporary","blackouts",",","but","others","worried","it","could","be","much","worse","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We won't know for sure until a big solar hurricane hits us.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","wo","n't","know","for","sure","until","a","big","solar","hurricane","hits","us","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The probability of such an event is estimated to be 12% per decade.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","probability","of","such","an","event","is","estimated","to","be","12","%","per","decade","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"That's about a 50-50 chance of at least one in the next 50 years.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","about","a","50","-","50","chance","of","at","least","one","in","the","next","50","years","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And there is more unsettling news.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","is","more","unsettling","news","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"A 2019 paper found that even calm stars like our Sun can create superflares every few thousand years.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","2019","paper","found","that","even","calm","stars","like","our","Sun","can","create","superflares","every","few","thousand","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If such a storm hits us unprepared, the consequences could be catastrophic.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","such","a","storm","hits","us","unprepared",",","the","consequences","could","be","catastrophic","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It's hard to overstate how much we depend on electricity.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","hard","to","overstate","how","much","we","depend","on","electricity","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It's not just the lights at home.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","just","the","lights","at","home","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It means no computers, no communication, no navigation.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","means","no","computers",",","no","communication",",","no","navigation","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A sustained power outage might lead to a breakdown of the supply chain.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","sustained","power","outage","might","lead","to","a","breakdown","of","the","supply","chain","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Supermarkets not being refilled while food rots in the fields.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Supermarkets","not","being","refilled","while","food","rots","in","the","fields","."],"tags":[1,37,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The lack of power might make it extremely hard to reboot our broken power grid,","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":78,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","lack","of","power","might","make","it","extremely","hard","to","reboot","our","broken","power","grid",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Scientists observing the Sun have a few hours up to a few days to see a CME coming.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Scientists","observing","the","Sun","have","a","few","hours","up","to","a","few","days","to","see","a","CME","coming","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And the engineers working the systems that keep the world running are well aware of the risks posed by solar storms.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":69,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":115,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","the","engineers","working","the","systems","that","keep","the","world","running","are","well","aware","of","the","risks","posed","by","solar","storms","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Transformers and substations can be taken offline.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Transformers","and","substations","can","be","taken","offline","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,13,0]}
{"text":"Engineers can open up extra lines to dissipate the extra power.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Engineers","can","open","up","extra","lines","to","dissipate","the","extra","power","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And with investment and upgrades cheap compared to those other natural disasters require, we could protect the world's electric grid against even the nastiest of storms.","spans":[{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":93,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":106,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":99,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":132,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":21,"token_start":17},{"end":168,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":133,"token_end":27,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["And","with","investment","and","upgrades","cheap","compared","to","those","other","natural","disasters","require",",","we","could","protect","the","world","'s","electric","grid","against","even","the","nastiest","of","storms","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But we do need to prepare.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","we","do","need","to","prepare","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"While the risk is manageable, it is real.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["While","the","risk","is","manageable",",","it","is","real","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"For while our Sun bathes us in warm and pleasant light, one day it might send a monster our way that we better be ready for.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":73,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":87,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":18,"token_start":17},{"end":95,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":20,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["For","while","our","Sun","bathes","us","in","warm","and","pleasant","light",",","one","day","it","might","send","a","monster","our","way","that","we","better","be","ready","for","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,1,15,19,9,10,7,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This video was sponsored by you.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","video","was","sponsored","by","you","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Kurzgesagt videos are only possible thanks to your direct support.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Kurzgesagt","videos","are","only","possible","thanks","to","your","direct","support","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For example, if you want to stare at our smooth and round Sun for a little longer, we've made two minimal infographic posters.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":17,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":124,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":25,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["For","example",",","if","you","want","to","stare","at","our","smooth","and","round","Sun","for","a","little","longer",",","we","'ve","made","two","minimal","infographic","posters","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Both should make you feel sufficiently tiny and help you appreciate your existence a bit more.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Both","should","make","you","feel","sufficiently","tiny","and","help","you","appreciate","your","existence","a","bit","more","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,33,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But wait, there's more.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","wait",",","there","'s","more","."],"tags":[0,0,0,3,21,1,0]}
{"text":"We have a bunch of new stuff, from the long requested bacteriophage infographic poster to a new optimistic nihilism poster that lets you enjoy some existential dread in style.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":173,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":29,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","a","bunch","of","new","stuff",",","from","the","long","requested","bacteriophage","infographic","poster","to","a","new","optimistic","nihilism","poster","that","lets","you","enjoy","some","existential","dread","in","style","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Or join us in our ant obsession and get the new Ant Explorer notebook with beautiful infographics and facts about ants and gold lettering on the cover.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":150,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":26,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Or","join","us","in","our","ant","obsession","and","get","the","new","Ant","Explorer","notebook","with","beautiful","infographics","and","facts","about","ants","and","gold","lettering","on","the","cover","."],"tags":[0,19,5,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you'd rather update your wardrobe, have a look at our beanies or t-shirts.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","you","'d","rather","update","your","wardrobe",",","have","a","look","at","our","beanies","or","t","-","shirts","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We put a lot of love and care into developing our products and only make stuff we want to have ourselves.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["We","put","a","lot","of","love","and","care","into","developing","our","products","and","only","make","stuff","we","want","to","have","ourselves","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you want to support Kurzgesagt, getting some merch is the best way to do it while receiving something beautiful in return.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":123,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","support","Kurzgesagt",",","getting","some","merch","is","the","best","way","to","do","it","while","receiving","something","beautiful","in","return","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Thank you for your support and thank you for watching.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Thank","you","for","your","support","and","thank","you","for","watching","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Electricity is all around us all the time.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Electricity","is","all","around","us","all","the","time","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It makes our lives easier, safer, more fun, and most of us never think about it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["It","makes","our","lives","easier",",","safer",",","more","fun",",","and","most","of","us","never","think","about","it","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But is there such a thing as too much electricity?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","is","there","such","a","thing","as","too","much","electricity","?"],"tags":[0,21,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Could the thing that is the foundation of the modern world slowly be killing us?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Could","the","thing","that","is","the","foundation","of","the","modern","world","slowly","be","killing","us","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,15,27,5,0]}
{"text":"Before we dive deeper, let's try to understand what electricity is and how it affects us.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":88,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Before","we","dive","deeper",",","let","'s","try","to","understand","what","electricity","is","and","how","it","affects","us","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Electricity is the movement of an electric charge.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Electricity","is","the","movement","of","an","electric","charge","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This movement generates electric and magnetic fields that spread out through space and carry energy.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","movement","generates","electric","and","magnetic","fields","that","spread","out","through","space","and","carry","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We call this phenomenon electromagnetic radiation.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","call","this","phenomenon","electromagnetic","radiation","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Radiation is a word that makes people very nervous, but to radiate just means giving off.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Radiation","is","a","word","that","makes","people","very","nervous",",","but","to","radiate","just","means","giving","off","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum correspond to different types of radiation, and many of them are perfectly harmless.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":96,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Different","parts","of","the","electromagnetic","spectrum","correspond","to","different","types","of","radiation",",","and","many","of","them","are","perfectly","harmless","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Some of them can be dangerous, though.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Some","of","them","can","be","dangerous",",","though","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,21,11,0,13,0]}
{"text":"This is what many people have in mind when they hear the term radiation.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","what","many","people","have","in","mind","when","they","hear","the","term","radiation","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The rest of the spectrum covers a large range of longer waves, from visible light, infrared, microwaves, to radio waves.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","rest","of","the","spectrum","covers","a","large","range","of","longer","waves",",","from","visible","light",",","infrared",",","microwaves",",","to","radio","waves","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is the kind of radiation that's emitted by all sorts of human technology.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","the","kind","of","radiation","that","'s","emitted","by","all","sorts","of","human","technology","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This radiation doesn't disrupt molecules in our body.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","radiation","does","n't","disrupt","molecules","in","our","body","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"However, some kinds of radiation can stimulate muscles and nerves, and can also make the hair on your body vibrate,","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":71,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["However",",","some","kinds","of","radiation","can","stimulate","muscles","and","nerves",",","and","can","also","make","the","hair","on","your","body","vibrate",","],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Other kinds are useful for making dinner.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Other","kinds","are","useful","for","making","dinner","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Microwaves push the water molecules in your food around, which warms it up.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Microwaves","push","the","water","molecules","in","your","food","around",",","which","warms","it","up","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,35,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This happens to us all the time.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","happens","to","us","all","the","time","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For example, the pleasant warmth you feel at the beach is your skin heating up from exposure to electromagnetic infrared radiation from the sun.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":142,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":24,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["For","example",",","the","pleasant","warmth","you","feel","at","the","beach","is","your","skin","heating","up","from","exposure","to","electromagnetic","infrared","radiation","from","the","sun","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We are surrounded by natural and generally harmless sources of electromagnetic radiation all the time, and always have been.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":107,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["We","are","surrounded","by","natural","and","generally","harmless","sources","of","electromagnetic","radiation","all","the","time",",","and","always","have","been","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But since the Industrial Revolution, we have added a lot of it to our immediate environment.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","since","the","Industrial","Revolution",",","we","have","added","a","lot","of","it","to","our","immediate","environment","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The question of whether this is actually dangerous first got public attention when a 1979 study linked leukemia to living near power lines.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","question","of","whether","this","is","actually","dangerous","first","got","public","attention","when","a","1979","study","linked","leukemia","to","living","near","power","lines","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This particular study was quickly discredited, though.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","particular","study","was","quickly","discredited",",","though","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,29,0,13,0]}
{"text":"The connection could not be explained, and no direct causal link was confirmed.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","connection","could","not","be","explained",",","and","no","direct","causal","link","was","confirmed","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,15,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But once this had been proposed, the idea persisted, and the thousands of studies about possible dangers illustrate that it's still seen as a very real threat.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":158,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":29,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","once","this","had","been","proposed",",","the","idea","persisted",",","and","the","thousands","of","studies","about","possible","dangers","illustrate","that","it","'s","still","seen","as","a","very","real","threat","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A lot of people claim to be sensitive to the radiation coming from our appliances and cell phones.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","lot","of","people","claim","to","be","sensitive","to","the","radiation","coming","from","our","appliances","and","cell","phones","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They report symptoms like headaches, nausea, skin reactions, burning eyes, or exhaustion.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","report","symptoms","like","headaches",",","nausea",",","skin","reactions",",","burning","eyes",",","or","exhaustion","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But those are just effects reported on a day-to-day basis.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","those","are","just","effects","reported","on","a","day","-","to","-","day","basis","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A few studies have found much more unsettling results,","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","few","studies","have","found","much","more","unsettling","results",","],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The question that science is trying to answer is not so much about the acute effects of irradiation.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","question","that","science","is","trying","to","answer","is","not","so","much","about","the","acute","effects","of","irradiation","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,13,14,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We know, for example, that x-rays cause immediate damage to the DNA in your cells, but that the same doesn't happen with radio waves.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":132,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":29,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","know",",","for","example",",","that","x","-","rays","cause","immediate","damage","to","the","DNA","in","your","cells",",","but","that","the","same","does","n't","happen","with","radio","waves","."],"tags":[1,19,0,13,14,0,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Answering this question was much harder than we first thought.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Answering","this","question","was","much","harder","than","we","first","thought","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There are thousands of primary sources, reports and statements by an onslaught of different organizations.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":105,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","thousands","of","primary","sources",",","reports","and","statements","by","an","onslaught","of","different","organizations","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"So we read a lot for this video.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","we","read","a","lot","for","this","video","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You can take a look at our research in the video description.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["You","can","take","a","look","at","our","research","in","the","video","description","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What we found is that this debate is a good example of how science should be communicated and how it shouldn't.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":109,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","we","found","is","that","this","debate","is","a","good","example","of","how","science","should","be","communicated","and","how","it","should","n't","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Many of the much-cited studies that spread panic about electromagnetic radiation are highly controversial.","spans":[{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":83,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":104,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Many","of","the","much","-","cited","studies","that","spread","panic","about","electromagnetic","radiation","are","highly","controversial","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"What this means is, for example, asking brain tumor patients how much they think they used their phone in the last few years.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":124,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":24,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["What","this","means","is",",","for","example",",","asking","brain","tumor","patients","how","much","they","think","they","used","their","phone","in","the","last","few","years","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,0,13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The problem is that people are unreliable.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","problem","is","that","people","are","unreliable","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We tend to misremember things or can be influenced easily.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","tend","to","misremember","things","or","can","be","influenced","easily","."],"tags":[1,19,33,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"On top of this, studies or media reports may be cherry-picking the findings that best suit their opinion or make for the most exciting headline.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":143,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":27,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["On","top","of","this",",","studies","or","media","reports","may","be","cherry","-","picking","the","findings","that","best","suit","their","opinion","or","make","for","the","most","exciting","headline","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,15,27,28,28,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The results seemed to show a connection, but for some reason only in male rats and none at all in mice.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","results","seemed","to","show","a","connection",",","but","for","some","reason","only","in","male","rats","and","none","at","all","in","mice","."],"tags":[1,2,17,18,19,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But it was reported as if this study did prove that mobile phone radiation causes cancer.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","was","reported","as","if","this","study","did","prove","that","mobile","phone","radiation","causes","cancer","."],"tags":[0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, this is the case for studies with both positive and negative findings on the issue.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","this","is","the","case","for","studies","with","both","positive","and","negative","findings","on","the","issue","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Another aspect is that the WHO did officially classify radiofrequency fields as possibly carcinogenic.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Another","aspect","is","that","the","WHO","did","officially","classify","radiofrequency","fields","as","possibly","carcinogenic","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But what this actually means is that there are some hints that they might cause cancer, but we can't prove it and that we will keep an eye out.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":142,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":30,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","what","this","actually","means","is","that","there","are","some","hints","that","they","might","cause","cancer",",","but","we","ca","n't","prove","it","and","that","we","will","keep","an","eye","out","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So, if we zoom out a bit, what's the big picture?","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So",",","if","we","zoom","out","a","bit",",","what","'s","the","big","picture","?"],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"On the whole, there was no consistent evidence in human studies that electromagnetic radiation below exposure value limits causes health problems.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":145,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":21,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["On","the","whole",",","there","was","no","consistent","evidence","in","human","studies","that","electromagnetic","radiation","below","exposure","value","limits","causes","health","problems","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"There are some statistical associations, but they're mostly weak and inconsistent.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["There","are","some","statistical","associations",",","but","they","'re","mostly","weak","and","inconsistent","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If there were any definite cause-effect relations, we would know by now because of all the data we have.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","there","were","any","definite","cause","-","effect","relations",",","we","would","know","by","now","because","of","all","the","data","we","have","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, based on the current state of science, should you worry about the radiation from your laptop or cell phone or TV?","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So",",","based","on","the","current","state","of","science",",","should","you","worry","about","the","radiation","from","your","laptop","or","cell","phone","or","TV","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,15,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The answer is no, you shouldn't.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","answer","is","no",",","you","should","n't","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Research showed they could be experiencing what's known as the Nocebo effect.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Research","showed","they","could","be","experiencing","what","'s","known","as","the","Nocebo","effect","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you have a headache and happen to start feeling better right when you switch off your laptop, you might see a connection between those two things.","spans":[{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":99,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":105,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":101,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":109,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":107,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":147,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":111,"token_end":27,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["If","you","have","a","headache","and","happen","to","start","feeling","better","right","when","you","switch","off","your","laptop",",","you","might","see","a","connection","between","those","two","things","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Once you get this suspicion, the idea alone that weak radiation might harm you could be the very thing harming you.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":6},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":86,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":113,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Once","you","get","this","suspicion",",","the","idea","alone","that","weak","radiation","might","harm","you","could","be","the","very","thing","harming","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's easy to belittle these people.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","easy","to","belittle","these","people","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Most of them feel they're not being taken seriously, which makes the situation even worse for them.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Most","of","them","feel","they","'re","not","being","taken","seriously",",","which","makes","the","situation","even","worse","for","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They should get support, but it's important to be aware that so far we have no robust evidence that electricity below safety limits has any negative effect on humans.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":165,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":30,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","should","get","support",",","but","it","'s","important","to","be","aware","that","so","far","we","have","no","robust","evidence","that","electricity","below","safety","limits","has","any","negative","effect","on","humans","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In the attention economy we live in, talking about unproven dangers can make us neglect things that we know for sure are bad for us.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":131,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":25,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["In","the","attention","economy","we","live","in",",","talking","about","unproven","dangers","can","make","us","neglect","things","that","we","know","for","sure","are","bad","for","us","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Outdoor air pollution is linked to 4.2 million premature deaths each year and is definitely something we could have a real impact on today.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":138,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Outdoor","air","pollution","is","linked","to","4.2","million","premature","deaths","each","year","and","is","definitely","something","we","could","have","a","real","impact","on","today","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Still, to make people feel safe and just to make sure, there are several long-term studies ongoing already.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":20,"token_start":15},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":21,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Still",",","to","make","people","feel","safe","and","just","to","make","sure",",","there","are","several","long","-","term","studies","ongoing","already","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,13,0]}
{"text":"But while we wait for the conclusion of these long-term studies, there are a lot more pressing problems to focus on.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":70,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":74,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":115,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","while","we","wait","for","the","conclusion","of","these","long","-","term","studies",",","there","are","a","lot","more","pressing","problems","to","focus","on","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Imagine if you could gather the energy from every star within a hundred million light years, from thousands of galaxies, each with billions of stars.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":148,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":26,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","if","you","could","gather","the","energy","from","every","star","within","a","hundred","million","light","years",",","from","thousands","of","galaxies",",","each","with","billions","of","stars","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Imagine you could take this kind of power and use it to fire the biggest superweapon in the universe.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":18,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","you","could","take","this","kind","of","power","and","use","it","to","fire","the","biggest","superweapon","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Imagine the damage you could do.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","the","damage","you","could","do","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It turns out, you don't need to imagine it, these exist, and they're called gamma-ray bursts.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","turns","out",",","you","do","n't","need","to","imagine","it",",","these","exist",",","and","they","'re","called","gamma","-","ray","bursts","."],"tags":[1,31,32,0,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But what are these cosmic snipers?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","what","are","these","cosmic","snipers","?"],"tags":[0,11,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And what happens if one takes a shot at Earth?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","what","happens","if","one","takes","a","shot","at","Earth","?"],"tags":[0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To understand gamma-ray bursts, we first have to understand gamma rays.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["To","understand","gamma","-","ray","bursts",",","we","first","have","to","understand","gamma","rays","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,17,18,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation, waves which carry energy just like visible light.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Gamma","rays","are","electromagnetic","radiation",",","waves","which","carry","energy","just","like","visible","light","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Visible light is a tiny part of the electromagnetic spectrum.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Visible","light","is","a","tiny","part","of","the","electromagnetic","spectrum","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's the part your eyes can see.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","the","part","your","eyes","can","see","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"At lower energies, there are radio waves, microwaves, and infrared.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["At","lower","energies",",","there","are","radio","waves",",","microwaves",",","and","infrared","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Gamma rays are incredibly powerful.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Gamma","rays","are","incredibly","powerful","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"A single gamma-ray photon is more energetic than a million visible photons combined.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","single","gamma","-","ray","photon","is","more","energetic","than","a","million","visible","photons","combined","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Their high energy makes gamma rays a form of ionizing radiation.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":63,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Their","high","energy","makes","gamma","rays","a","form","of","ionizing","radiation","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This makes them dangerous to you and me.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","makes","them","dangerous","to","you","and","me","."],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Ionizing radiation disrupts the delicate biochemical machinery that keeps us alive, like a 9mm bullet through a clock.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Ionizing","radiation","disrupts","the","delicate","biochemical","machinery","that","keeps","us","alive",",","like","a","9","mm","bullet","through","a","clock","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Fortunately, on Earth, the ozone layer blocks gamma rays, filtering them out before they can harm us.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Fortunately",",","on","Earth",",","the","ozone","layer","blocks","gamma","rays",",","filtering","them","out","before","they","can","harm","us","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But if the atmosphere blocks gamma rays from space, how were gamma-ray bursts, or GRBs, from space ever discovered?","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":21,"token_start":12},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":114,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":104,"token_end":23,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["But","if","the","atmosphere","blocks","gamma","rays","from","space",",","how","were","gamma","-","ray","bursts",",","or","GRBs",",","from","space","ever","discovered","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,29,0]}
{"text":"During the Cold War, the USA sent up spy satellites which could detect gamma rays from Soviet nuclear tests in space.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":116,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["During","the","Cold","War",",","the","USA","sent","up","spy","satellites","which","could","detect","gamma","rays","from","Soviet","nuclear","tests","in","space","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They didn't see any bombs, but they did observe faint bursts coming from space, lasting only a few seconds.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["They","did","n't","see","any","bombs",",","but","they","did","observe","faint","bursts","coming","from","space",",","lasting","only","a","few","seconds","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To date, this may be the only major scientific discovery made by spy satellites, that we know about anyway.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["To","date",",","this","may","be","the","only","major","scientific","discovery","made","by","spy","satellites",",","that","we","know","about","anyway","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Astronomers use telescopes that see different kinds of light to make their discoveries.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Astronomers","use","telescopes","that","see","different","kinds","of","light","to","make","their","discoveries","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And these spy satellites gave them a new pair of eyes.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","these","spy","satellites","gave","them","a","new","pair","of","eyes","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,23,9,7,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"They were a mystery for 30 years, but eventually we discovered the source of a GRB, a galaxy 6 billion light-years away.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":25,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","were","a","mystery","for","30","years",",","but","eventually","we","discovered","the","source","of","a","GRB",",","a","galaxy","6","billion","light","-","years","away","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If a GRB can be seen from such a distance, then it must be incredibly energetic, releasing more energy in a second than the Sun will in its entire 10 billion year lifetime.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":170,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":34,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","a","GRB","can","be","seen","from","such","a","distance",",","then","it","must","be","incredibly","energetic",",","releasing","more","energy","in","a","second","than","the","Sun","will","in","its","entire","10","billion","year","lifetime","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, where do they come from?","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So",",","where","do","they","come","from","?"],"tags":[0,0,5,15,1,31,32,0]}
{"text":"GRBs accompany some of the most violent, cataclysmic deaths in the universe, and the birth of black holes.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["GRBs","accompany","some","of","the","most","violent",",","cataclysmic","deaths","in","the","universe",",","and","the","birth","of","black","holes","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There are two types of gamma-ray bursts, short and long, and each has their own source.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["There","are","two","types","of","gamma","-","ray","bursts",",","short","and","long",",","and","each","has","their","own","source","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Long GRBs last about a minute, and scientists think they are produced by supernova, when the core of a massive star collapses to become a black hole.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":28,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Long","GRBs","last","about","a","minute",",","and","scientists","think","they","are","produced","by","supernova",",","when","the","core","of","a","massive","star","collapses","to","become","a","black","hole","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Short GRBs last a second, and are produced when two neutron stars in a binary merge.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Short","GRBs","last","a","second",",","and","are","produced","when","two","neutron","stars","in","a","binary","merge","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Over millions of years, their orbits decay by emitting gravitational waves.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Over","millions","of","years",",","their","orbits","decay","by","emitting","gravitational","waves","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Once they are close enough to touch, they crash and splash into each other, forming a black hole.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":96,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Once","they","are","close","enough","to","touch",",","they","crash","and","splash","into","each","other",",","forming","a","black","hole","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Both supernova and neutron star mergers make the same thing.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Both","supernova","and","neutron","star","mergers","make","the","same","thing","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In these environments, the rotation winds up the magnetic field, which funnels hot jets of particles, traveling at nearly the speed of light.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":140,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":25,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","these","environments",",","the","rotation","winds","up","the","magnetic","field",",","which","funnels","hot","jets","of","particles",",","traveling","at","nearly","the","speed","of","light","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The gas in this funnel creates two tight jets of high-energy gamma rays, like a celestial laser gun.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":14,"token_start":6},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["The","gas","in","this","funnel","creates","two","tight","jets","of","high","-","energy","gamma","rays",",","like","a","celestial","laser","gun","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, unlike other cosmic explosions, which spread out and fade, GRBs stay focused and can be seen from much further.","spans":[{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":72,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":85,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["So",",","unlike","other","cosmic","explosions",",","which","spread","out","and","fade",",","GRBs","stay","focused","and","can","be","seen","from","much","further","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Any more detail would require too much mathematics for a YouTube video.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Any","more","detail","would","require","too","much","mathematics","for","a","YouTube","video","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The universe is full of these cosmic snipers, firing blindly and randomly into the dark, and they're hitting us all the time.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":15,"token_start":3},{"end":124,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":93,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["The","universe","is","full","of","these","cosmic","snipers",",","firing","blindly","and","randomly","into","the","dark",",","and","they","'re","hitting","us","all","the","time","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"On average, we detect one per day.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["On","average",",","we","detect","one","per","day","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Fortunately, most are harmless.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Fortunately",",","most","are","harmless","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"All the bursts we have detected so far originated outside the Milky Way, too far away to hurt us.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["All","the","bursts","we","have","detected","so","far","originated","outside","the","Milky","Way",",","too","far","away","to","hurt","us","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But a nearby GRB could be disastrous.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","a","nearby","GRB","could","be","disastrous","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"If one goes off within a few light-years of us, it would totally cook the surface of the Earth, or at least, the half that's facing it.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":32,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","one","goes","off","within","a","few","light","-","years","of","us",",","it","would","totally","cook","the","surface","of","the","Earth",",","or","at","least",",","the","half","that","'s","facing","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But even a more distant GRB could still end life on Earth.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","even","a","more","distant","GRB","could","still","end","life","on","Earth","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And it wouldn't need to score a headshot to kill us.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","it","would","n't","need","to","score","a","headshot","to","kill","us","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If originating from a few thousand light-years away, it would be a hundred light-years wide by the time it reaches us, washing over the solar system like a tidal wave.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":19,"token_start":14},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":25,"token_start":20},{"end":165,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":119,"token_end":35,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["If","originating","from","a","few","thousand","light","-","years","away",",","it","would","be","a","hundred","light","-","years","wide","by","the","time","it","reaches","us",",","washing","over","the","solar","system","like","a","tidal","wave","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Again, the ozone layer protects us, but it's better equipped to handle the trickle of ultraviolet from the Sun.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Again",",","the","ozone","layer","protects","us",",","but","it","'s","better","equipped","to","handle","the","trickle","of","ultraviolet","from","the","Sun","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,25,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A gamma-ray burst would overwhelm it, leaving us exposed to deadly solar radiation.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["A","gamma","-","ray","burst","would","overwhelm","it",",","leaving","us","exposed","to","deadly","solar","radiation","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Ozone takes years to replenish itself by natural processes, which is more than enough time for the Sun to burn the Earth sterile.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Ozone","takes","years","to","replenish","itself","by","natural","processes",",","which","is","more","than","enough","time","for","the","Sun","to","burn","the","Earth","sterile","."],"tags":[1,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In fact, this may have already happened.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","this","may","have","already","happened","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,15,13,29,0]}
{"text":"A GRB has been suggested as one possible cause of the Ordovician extinction 450 million years ago, that eradicated almost 85% of all marine species.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":146,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":26,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","GRB","has","been","suggested","as","one","possible","cause","of","the","Ordovician","extinction","450","million","years","ago",",","that","eradicated","almost","85","%","of","all","marine","species","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Although it's pretty much impossible to prove.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Although","it","'s","pretty","much","impossible","to","prove","."],"tags":[0,3,21,11,12,12,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Gamma-ray bursts could even be one reason we don't see life anywhere else in the universe.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Gamma","-","ray","bursts","could","even","be","one","reason","we","do","n't","see","life","anywhere","else","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They might be wiping clean huge chunks of it on a regular basis.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","might","be","wiping","clean","huge","chunks","of","it","on","a","regular","basis","."],"tags":[1,15,15,27,33,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's been suggested that because of GRBs, only 10% of all galaxies might be hospitable to life similar to us.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":108,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","been","suggested","that","because","of","GRBs",",","only","10","%","of","all","galaxies","might","be","hospitable","to","life","similar","to","us","."],"tags":[3,15,15,29,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"So, are they going to kill us?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So",",","are","they","going","to","kill","us","?"],"tags":[0,0,17,1,17,18,19,5,0]}
{"text":"In a galaxy like ours, there may only be one GRB per millennia.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","a","galaxy","like","ours",",","there","may","only","be","one","GRB","per","millennia","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,13,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And to harm us, they must be close and directed at us.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","to","harm","us",",","they","must","be","close","and","directed","at","us","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But since gamma-rays travel at the speed of light, we won't know when it's headed our way until it arrives.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":59,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":21,"token_start":16},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":24,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["But","since","gamma","-","rays","travel","at","the","speed","of","light",",","we","wo","n't","know","when","it","'s","headed","our","way","until","it","arrives","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, there could already be a GRB on its way to kill us all, and we won't know it until it hits us, and we're dead.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":14,"token_start":6},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":30,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["So",",","there","could","already","be","a","GRB","on","its","way","to","kill","us","all",",","and","we","wo","n't","know","it","until","it","hits","us",",","and","we","'re","dead","."],"tags":[0,0,3,15,13,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Imagine a future where your toaster anticipates what kind of toast you want.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","a","future","where","your","toaster","anticipates","what","kind","of","toast","you","want","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"During the day, it scans the internet for new and exciting types of toast.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["During","the","day",",","it","scans","the","internet","for","new","and","exciting","types","of","toast","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Maybe it asks you about your day and wants to chat about new achievements in toast technology.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Maybe","it","asks","you","about","your","day","and","wants","to","chat","about","new","achievements","in","toast","technology","."],"tags":[13,1,25,5,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"At what level would it become a person?","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["At","what","level","would","it","become","a","person","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,15,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"At which point will you ask yourself if your toaster has feelings?","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","which","point","will","you","ask","yourself","if","your","toaster","has","feelings","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,15,1,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"If it did, would unplugging it be murder?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","it","did",",","would","unplugging","it","be","murder","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"And would you still own it?","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","would","you","still","own","it","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,13,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Will we someday be forced to give our machines rights?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Will","we","someday","be","forced","to","give","our","machines","rights","?"],"tags":[15,1,13,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"AI is already all around you.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["AI","is","already","all","around","you","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It makes sure discounters are stocked with enough snacks,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","makes","sure","discounters","are","stocked","with","enough","snacks",","],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"it serves you up just the right internet ad, and you may have even read a news story written entirely by a machine.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["it","serves","you","up","just","the","right","internet","ad",",","and","you","may","have","even","read","a","news","story","written","entirely","by","a","machine","."],"tags":[1,25,9,35,7,8,8,8,8,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Right now, we look at chatbots like Siri and laugh at their primitive simulated emotions,","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Right","now",",","we","look","at","chatbots","like","Siri","and","laugh","at","their","primitive","simulated","emotions",","],"tags":[13,14,0,1,31,32,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"but it's likely that we will have to deal with beings that make it hard to draw the line between real and simulated humanity.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":124,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":24,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["but","it","'s","likely","that","we","will","have","to","deal","with","beings","that","make","it","hard","to","draw","the","line","between","real","and","simulated","humanity","."],"tags":[0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Are there any machines in existence that deserve rights?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Are","there","any","machines","in","existence","that","deserve","rights","?"],"tags":[21,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But if they come, we are not prepared for it.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","if","they","come",",","we","are","not","prepared","for","it","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Much of the philosophy of rights is ill-equipped to deal with the case of artificial intelligence.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":96,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Much","of","the","philosophy","of","rights","is","ill","-","equipped","to","deal","with","the","case","of","artificial","intelligence","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Most claims for rights, whether human or animal, are centered around the question of consciousness.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Most","claims","for","rights",",","whether","human","or","animal",",","are","centered","around","the","question","of","consciousness","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, nobody knows what consciousness is.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","nobody","knows","what","consciousness","is","."],"tags":[13,0,1,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Some think that it's immaterial, others say it's a state of matter, like gas or liquid.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Some","think","that","it","'s","immaterial",",","others","say","it","'s","a","state","of","matter",",","like","gas","or","liquid","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Regardless of the precise definition, we have an intuitive knowledge of consciousness because we experience it.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Regardless","of","the","precise","definition",",","we","have","an","intuitive","knowledge","of","consciousness","because","we","experience","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We are aware of ourselves and our surroundings and know what unconsciousness feels like.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","are","aware","of","ourselves","and","our","surroundings","and","know","what","unconsciousness","feels","like","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Some neuroscientists believe that any sufficiently advanced system can generate consciousness.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","neuroscientists","believe","that","any","sufficiently","advanced","system","can","generate","consciousness","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So, if your toaster's hardware was powerful enough, it may become self-aware.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["So",",","if","your","toaster","'s","hardware","was","powerful","enough",",","it","may","become","self","-","aware","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If it does, would it deserve rights?","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["If","it","does",",","would","it","deserve","rights","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,0,15,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Would what we define as rights make sense to it?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Would","what","we","define","as","rights","make","sense","to","it","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,2,2,2,31,32,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Consciousness entitles beings to have rights because it gives a being the ability to suffer.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Consciousness","entitles","beings","to","have","rights","because","it","gives","a","being","the","ability","to","suffer","."],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,34,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It means the ability to not only feel pain, but to be aware of it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","means","the","ability","to","not","only","feel","pain",",","but","to","be","aware","of","it","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Robots don't suffer, and they probably won't unless we program them to.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Robots","do","n't","suffer",",","and","they","probably","wo","n't","unless","we","program","them","to","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Without pain or pleasure, there's no preference and rights are meaningless.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Without","pain","or","pleasure",",","there","'s","no","preference","and","rights","are","meaningless","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Our human rights are deeply tied to our own programming.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Our","human","rights","are","deeply","tied","to","our","own","programming","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For example, we dislike pain because our brains evolved to keep us alive, to stop us from touching a hot fire or to make us run away from predators.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":146,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":30,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["For","example",",","we","dislike","pain","because","our","brains","evolved","to","keep","us","alive",",","to","stop","us","from","touching","a","hot","fire","or","to","make","us","run","away","from","predators","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So we came up with rights that protect us from infringements that cause us pain.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","we","came","up","with","rights","that","protect","us","from","infringements","that","cause","us","pain","."],"tags":[0,1,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even more abstract rights like freedom are rooted in the way our brains are wired to detect what is fair and unfair.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Even","more","abstract","rights","like","freedom","are","rooted","in","the","way","our","brains","are","wired","to","detect","what","is","fair","and","unfair","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Would a toaster that is unable to move mind being locked in a cage?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Would","a","toaster","that","is","unable","to","move","mind","being","locked","in","a","cage","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Would it mind being dismantled if it had no fear of death?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Would","it","mind","being","dismantled","if","it","had","no","fear","of","death","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Would it mind being insulted if it had no need for self-esteem?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Would","it","mind","being","insulted","if","it","had","no","need","for","self","-","esteem","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Would that make them sufficiently human?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Would","that","make","them","sufficiently","human","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Many technologists believe that an explosion in technology will occur when artificial intelligence can learn and create their own artificial intelligences even smarter than themselves.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":183,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":24,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Many","technologists","believe","that","an","explosion","in","technology","will","occur","when","artificial","intelligence","can","learn","and","create","their","own","artificial","intelligences","even","smarter","than","themselves","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"At this point, the question of how robots are programmed will be largely out of our control.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["At","this","point",",","the","question","of","how","robots","are","programmed","will","be","largely","out","of","our","control","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Do robots deserve those rights?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Do","robots","deserve","those","rights","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"But maybe we should be less worried about the risk that super-intelligent robots pose to us and more worried about the danger we pose to them.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":141,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":27,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","maybe","we","should","be","less","worried","about","the","risk","that","super","-","intelligent","robots","pose","to","us","and","more","worried","about","the","danger","we","pose","to","them","."],"tags":[0,13,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Our whole human identity is based on the idea of human exceptionalism, that we are special, unique snowflakes entitled to dominate the natural world.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":147,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":25,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Our","whole","human","identity","is","based","on","the","idea","of","human","exceptionalism",",","that","we","are","special",",","unique","snowflakes","entitled","to","dominate","the","natural","world","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Humans have a history of denying that other beings are capable of suffering as they do.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Humans","have","a","history","of","denying","that","other","beings","are","capable","of","suffering","as","they","do","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In the midst of the scientific revolution, many Descartes argued that animals were mere automata, robots if you will.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":116,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","the","midst","of","the","scientific","revolution",",","many","Descartes","argued","that","animals","were","mere","automata",",","robots","if","you","will","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As such, injuring a rabbit was about as morally repugnant as punching a stuffed animal.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["As","such",",","injuring","a","rabbit","was","about","as","morally","repugnant","as","punching","a","stuffed","animal","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And many of the greatest crimes against humanity were justified by their perpetrators on the grounds that the victims were more animal than civilized human.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["And","many","of","the","greatest","crimes","against","humanity","were","justified","by","their","perpetrators","on","the","grounds","that","the","victims","were","more","animal","than","civilized","human","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even more problematic is that we have an economic interest in denying robot rights.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Even","more","problematic","is","that","we","have","an","economic","interest","in","denying","robot","rights","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"If we can coerce a sentient AI, possibly through programmed torture, into doing as we please, the economic potential is unlimited.","spans":[{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":115,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":21,"token_start":19},{"end":118,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":117,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":128,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":120,"token_end":23,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["If","we","can","coerce","a","sentient","AI",",","possibly","through","programmed","torture",",","into","doing","as","we","please",",","the","economic","potential","is","unlimited","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"We've done it before, after all.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","'ve","done","it","before",",","after","all","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,13,0,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Violence has been used to force our fellow humans into working.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Violence","has","been","used","to","force","our","fellow","humans","into","working","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And we've never had trouble coming up with ideological justifications.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","we","'ve","never","had","trouble","coming","up","with","ideological","justifications","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,23,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Slave owners argued that slavery benefited the slaves.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Slave","owners","argued","that","slavery","benefited","the","slaves","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It put a roof over their head and taught them Christianity.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","put","a","roof","over","their","head","and","taught","them","Christianity","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Men who were against women voting argued that it was in women's own interest to leave the hard decisions to men.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Men","who","were","against","women","voting","argued","that","it","was","in","women","'s","own","interest","to","leave","the","hard","decisions","to","men","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Farmers argued that looking after animals and feeding them justifies their early death for our dietary preferences.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":114,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Farmers","argued","that","looking","after","animals","and","feeding","them","justifies","their","early","death","for","our","dietary","preferences","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If robots become sentient, there will be no shortage of arguments for those who say that they should remain without rights, especially from those who stand to profit from it.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":173,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":31,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","robots","become","sentient",",","there","will","be","no","shortage","of","arguments","for","those","who","say","that","they","should","remain","without","rights",",","especially","from","those","who","stand","to","profit","from","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Artificial intelligence raises serious questions about philosophical boundaries.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Artificial","intelligence","raises","serious","questions","about","philosophical","boundaries","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"While we may ask if sentient robots are conscious or deserving of rights, it forces us to pose basic questions like what makes us human?","spans":[{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":77,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":135,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["While","we","may","ask","if","sentient","robots","are","conscious","or","deserving","of","rights",",","it","forces","us","to","pose","basic","questions","like","what","makes","us","human","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"What makes us deserving of rights?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","makes","us","deserving","of","rights","?"],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Regardless of what we think, the question might need to be resolved in the near future.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Regardless","of","what","we","think",",","the","question","might","need","to","be","resolved","in","the","near","future","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"What are we going to do if robots start demanding their own rights?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["What","are","we","going","to","do","if","robots","start","demanding","their","own","rights","?"],"tags":[5,17,1,17,18,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What can robots demanding rights teach us about ourselves?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["What","can","robots","demanding","rights","teach","us","about","ourselves","?"],"tags":[7,15,1,2,2,19,9,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Our friends at Wisecrack made a video exploring this very question using the philosophy of Westworld.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Our","friends","at","Wisecrack","made","a","video","exploring","this","very","question","using","the","philosophy","of","Westworld","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,5,6,33,34,34,34,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Wisecrack dissects pop culture in a unique and philosophical way.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Wisecrack","dissects","pop","culture","in","a","unique","and","philosophical","way","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Click here to check out their video and subscribe to their channel.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Click","here","to","check","out","their","video","and","subscribe","to","their","channel","."],"tags":[19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Do we need nuclear energy to stop climate change?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Do","we","need","nuclear","energy","to","stop","climate","change","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"More and more voices from science, environmental activists and the press have been saying so in recent years.","spans":[{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":83,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["More","and","more","voices","from","science",",","environmental","activists","and","the","press","have","been","saying","so","in","recent","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,27,13,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But this comes as a shock to those who are fighting against nuclear energy and the problems that come with it.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","this","comes","as","a","shock","to","those","who","are","fighting","against","nuclear","energy","and","the","problems","that","come","with","it","."],"tags":[0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, who's right?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So",",","who","'s","right","?"],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Well, it's complicated.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Well",",","it","'s","complicated","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"To slow rapid climate change, the world needs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to net zero.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["To","slow","rapid","climate","change",",","the","world","needs","to","reduce","greenhouse","gas","emissions","to","net","zero","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In 2018, three quarters of global emissions were released through energy production, namely by burning fossil fuels.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","2018",",","three","quarters","of","global","emissions","were","released","through","energy","production",",","namely","by","burning","fossil","fuels","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Energy is a broad term that describes all sorts of stuff, from moving things and people around, to putting things big and small together, or heating our homes.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":157,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":30,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Energy","is","a","broad","term","that","describes","all","sorts","of","stuff",",","from","moving","things","and","people","around",",","to","putting","things","big","and","small","together",",","or","heating","our","homes","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Currently, 84% of the world's primary energy comes from fossil fuels, 33% from oil, 27% from coal and 24% from gas.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Currently",",","84","%","of","the","world","'s","primary","energy","comes","from","fossil","fuels",",","33","%","from","oil",",","27","%","from","coal","and","24","%","from","gas","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Around 10% of the global oil supply is just used to burn in boilers to make our homes cozy and warm.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Around","10","%","of","the","global","oil","supply","is","just","used","to","burn","in","boilers","to","make","our","homes","cozy","and","warm","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Only about 16% of global energy is from low emission sources,","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Only","about","16","%","of","global","energy","is","from","low","emission","sources",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So we pretty much rely on coal, oil and gas to keep our civilization going, which means it's actually very hard to transition away from them.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So","we","pretty","much","rely","on","coal",",","oil","and","gas","to","keep","our","civilization","going",",","which","means","it","'s","actually","very","hard","to","transition","away","from","them","."],"tags":[0,1,13,14,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"To have a chance of escaping fossil fuels without throwing humanity back into the stone age, one of the most impactful things we can do is to electrify as many sectors as possible.","spans":[{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":135,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":25,"token_start":17},{"end":138,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":136,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":179,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":139,"token_end":33,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["To","have","a","chance","of","escaping","fossil","fuels","without","throwing","humanity","back","into","the","stone","age",",","one","of","the","most","impactful","things","we","can","do","is","to","electrify","as","many","sectors","as","possible","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Electricity is the stuff that appears like magic when you plug something into a socket so you can watch YouTube.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":110,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Electricity","is","the","stuff","that","appears","like","magic","when","you","plug","something","into","a","socket","so","you","can","watch","YouTube","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Every industry that can switch from burning fossil fuels to electricity needs to do so, from electric cars to electric heaters.","spans":[{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":72,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":21,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Every","industry","that","can","switch","from","burning","fossil","fuels","to","electricity","needs","to","do","so",",","from","electric","cars","to","electric","heaters","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Why do we need to bet so hard on electricity?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Why","do","we","need","to","bet","so","hard","on","electricity","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Because we can produce electricity with low emission technologies like solar, wind or nuclear.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Because","we","can","produce","electricity","with","low","emission","technologies","like","solar",",","wind","or","nuclear","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So electricity is a real lever for a radical transition.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","electricity","is","a","real","lever","for","a","radical","transition","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But there are a few problems making this transition really hard.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","are","a","few","problems","making","this","transition","really","hard","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"First of all, in most places in the world, electricity is still generated mostly by burning fossil fuels.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["First","of","all",",","in","most","places","in","the","world",",","electricity","is","still","generated","mostly","by","burning","fossil","fuels","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,29,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And not only that, in the last 20 years, the world's electricity usage increased 73% in absolute terms.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":18,"token_start":17},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":21,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["And","not","only","that",",","in","the","last","20","years",",","the","world","'s","electricity","usage","increased","73","%","in","absolute","terms","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"While we are installing renewables at record speeds, at the same time, the amount of fossil fuel we're burning for electricity still keeps rising year by year.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":126,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":23,"token_start":14},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":127,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":138,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":133,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":145,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":139,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":158,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":146,"token_end":29,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["While","we","are","installing","renewables","at","record","speeds",",","at","the","same","time",",","the","amount","of","fossil","fuel","we","'re","burning","for","electricity","still","keeps","rising","year","by","year","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,25,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Renewables have so far not been able to catch up with the demand for new electricity and so despite our progress, emissions from electricity are still rising worldwide.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":15,"token_start":10},{"end":167,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":89,"token_end":28,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Renewables","have","so","far","not","been","able","to","catch","up","with","the","demand","for","new","electricity","and","so","despite","our","progress",",","emissions","from","electricity","are","still","rising","worldwide","."],"tags":[1,15,13,14,37,17,18,18,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The other alternative to fossil fuels is nuclear and even though it's not renewable, its greenhouse gas emissions are tiny compared to burning stuff.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":25,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","other","alternative","to","fossil","fuels","is","nuclear","and","even","though","it","'s","not","renewable",",","its","greenhouse","gas","emissions","are","tiny","compared","to","burning","stuff","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But in the last 20 years, nuclear has basically stagnated.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","in","the","last","20","years",",","nuclear","has","basically","stagnated","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,29,0]}
{"text":"Countries like China, India and South Korea built new reactors while Germany and Japan have been actively taking their nuclear plants offline.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Countries","like","China",",","India","and","South","Korea","built","new","reactors","while","Germany","and","Japan","have","been","actively","taking","their","nuclear","plants","offline","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Take France and Sweden.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Take","France","and","Sweden","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In France, only around 10% comes from fossil fuels while 67% comes from nuclear and 23% from renewables, primarily hydro.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","France",",","only","around","10","%","comes","from","fossil","fuels","while","67","%","comes","from","nuclear","and","23","%","from","renewables",",","primarily","hydro","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In Sweden, almost 30% comes from nuclear power and about 45% from hydro.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","Sweden",",","almost","30","%","comes","from","nuclear","power","and","about","45","%","from","hydro","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,31,32,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So we know that nuclear energy can work at scale.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","we","know","that","nuclear","energy","can","work","at","scale","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"the majority of the world's nuclear reactors are pretty old technology that's very costly to replace.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["the","majority","of","the","world","'s","nuclear","reactors","are","pretty","old","technology","that","'s","very","costly","to","replace","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In most western countries, building nuclear reactors has become very expensive for a variety of reasons like a loss of know-how in constructing them,","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":147,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":26,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","most","western","countries",",","building","nuclear","reactors","has","become","very","expensive","for","a","variety","of","reasons","like","a","loss","of","know","-","how","in","constructing","them",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In contrast, countries like South Korea, China, India and Russia are able to build new nuclear reactors comparatively quickly and at a competitive cost.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":12,"token_start":3},{"end":76,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":19,"token_start":17},{"end":151,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":26,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["In","contrast",",","countries","like","South","Korea",",","China",",","India","and","Russia","are","able","to","build","new","nuclear","reactors","comparatively","quickly","and","at","a","competitive","cost","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Still, generally in the west, the current generation of nuclear power plants are more expensive to build and maintain than most fossil fuel alternatives.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":151,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":25,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Still",",","generally","in","the","west",",","the","current","generation","of","nuclear","power","plants","are","more","expensive","to","build","and","maintain","than","most","fossil","fuel","alternatives","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There are also the concerns about nuclear waste and the fear of accidents, but we cover those in other videos in more detail.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":3},{"end":124,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["There","are","also","the","concerns","about","nuclear","waste","and","the","fear","of","accidents",",","but","we","cover","those","in","other","videos","in","more","detail","."],"tags":[3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We have designs for nuclear reactors that solve many of their problems, namely small reactors that take less time and money to get started.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":137,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":24,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","designs","for","nuclear","reactors","that","solve","many","of","their","problems",",","namely","small","reactors","that","take","less","time","and","money","to","get","started","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There are also next generation technologies that can already turn radioactive waste into new fuel,","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":97,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","are","also","next","generation","technologies","that","can","already","turn","radioactive","waste","into","new","fuel",","],"tags":[3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"but so far these have not been deployed at a scale where they can have a significant impact on the nuclear sector.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["but","so","far","these","have","not","been","deployed","at","a","scale","where","they","can","have","a","significant","impact","on","the","nuclear","sector","."],"tags":[0,13,14,1,15,37,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Considering these uncertainties, some argue that nuclear power is a dangerous relic of the past and that we should just let it go and focus on renewables.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":153,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":27,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Considering","these","uncertainties",",","some","argue","that","nuclear","power","is","a","dangerous","relic","of","the","past","and","that","we","should","just","let","it","go","and","focus","on","renewables","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But while renewables undoubtedly are the future of electricity, they still have their own huge challenges to overcome before they can take over the vast majority of the electricity grid.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":75,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":117,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":18,"token_start":13},{"end":185,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":118,"token_end":30,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["But","while","renewables","undoubtedly","are","the","future","of","electricity",",","they","still","have","their","own","huge","challenges","to","overcome","before","they","can","take","over","the","vast","majority","of","the","electricity","grid","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The main problem is reliability and consistency.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","main","problem","is","reliability","and","consistency","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's not always windy and the sun doesn't always shine, especially in the mornings and evenings when humans need the most electricity.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":133,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":24,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","always","windy","and","the","sun","does","n't","always","shine",",","especially","in","the","mornings","and","evenings","when","humans","need","the","most","electricity","."],"tags":[1,21,37,13,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The variations between seasons don't make this issue easier.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","variations","between","seasons","do","n't","make","this","issue","easier","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,33,0]}
{"text":"we need massive storage capacities where we can save energy collected when the sun or wind are at their peak and release it later when we actually need it.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":153,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":28,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["we","need","massive","storage","capacities","where","we","can","save","energy","collected","when","the","sun","or","wind","are","at","their","peak","and","release","it","later","when","we","actually","need","it","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Until this is possible, other sources of electricity need to provide a controllable load that creates the reliability of supply that our civilization needs to run properly.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":171,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":27,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Until","this","is","possible",",","other","sources","of","electricity","need","to","provide","a","controllable","load","that","creates","the","reliability","of","supply","that","our","civilization","needs","to","run","properly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Eventually, we will be able to do this with renewables, but we need a lot of batteries or storage power plants.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Eventually",",","we","will","be","able","to","do","this","with","renewables",",","but","we","need","a","lot","of","batteries","or","storage","power","plants","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,17,18,18,19,5,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Right now, we simply don't have the tech and the capacities to make this transition fast enough to replace fossil fuels.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":18,"token_start":8},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":22,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Right","now",",","we","simply","do","n't","have","the","tech","and","the","capacities","to","make","this","transition","fast","enough","to","replace","fossil","fuels","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,13,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But even if we could, there's another aspect we have to take into account.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","even","if","we","could",",","there","'s","another","aspect","we","have","to","take","into","account","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We're not just trying to kick fossil fuels out of electricity, we're trying to replace energy with electricity.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","'re","not","just","trying","to","kick","fossil","fuels","out","of","electricity",",","we","'re","trying","to","replace","energy","with","electricity","."],"tags":[1,15,37,13,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"like cars or heating, we will need significantly more electricity than we're currently using everywhere around the world.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["like","cars","or","heating",",","we","will","need","significantly","more","electricity","than","we","'re","currently","using","everywhere","around","the","world","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And if the electricity needs of the world population continue to grow as they have over the last 20 years, we'll need even more.","spans":[{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":19,"token_start":1},{"end":109,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":112,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":109,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":117,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":113,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":127,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":118,"token_end":25,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["And","if","the","electricity","needs","of","the","world","population","continue","to","grow","as","they","have","over","the","last","20","years",",","we","'ll","need","even","more","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"It all comes down to one thing.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","all","comes","down","to","one","thing","."],"tags":[1,39,31,32,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"No energy source is perfect.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["No","energy","source","is","perfect","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"All have their own unique problems.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["All","have","their","own","unique","problems","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Both renewables and nuclear energy require time, investment and technological innovation.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Both","renewables","and","nuclear","energy","require","time",",","investment","and","technological","innovation","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"On their own, neither is ready to remove fossil fuels from our electricity grid, although activists on both sides claim that they are.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":14,"token_start":6},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":24,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["On","their","own",",","neither","is","ready","to","remove","fossil","fuels","from","our","electricity","grid",",","although","activists","on","both","sides","claim","that","they","are","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the end, the question is how we want to deal with all these challenges.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","the","question","is","how","we","want","to","deal","with","all","these","challenges","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Should we give up nuclear immediately and at least temporarily accept higher emissions?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Should","we","give","up","nuclear","immediately","and","at","least","temporarily","accept","higher","emissions","?"],"tags":[15,1,31,32,5,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Will we try to extend the life of current nuclear reactors and shut them down afterwards while solving the shortcomings of renewables?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":21,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Will","we","try","to","extend","the","life","of","current","nuclear","reactors","and","shut","them","down","afterwards","while","solving","the","shortcomings","of","renewables","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Or will we invest in new nuclear technology to get new nuclear reactor types that are cheaper and safer?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Or","will","we","invest","in","new","nuclear","technology","to","get","new","nuclear","reactor","types","that","are","cheaper","and","safer","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,19,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Or will we maybe do both?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Or","will","we","maybe","do","both","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,13,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Opinion part starts here.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Opinion","part","starts","here","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,0]}
{"text":"Considering the risks that climate change poses for the biosphere and humanity, any technology that has a chance of contributing to a solution should be pursued.","spans":[{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":141,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":23,"token_start":13},{"end":148,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":143,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":151,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":150,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":159,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":153,"token_end":26,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["Considering","the","risks","that","climate","change","poses","for","the","biosphere","and","humanity",",","any","technology","that","has","a","chance","of","contributing","to","a","solution","should","be","pursued","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"That's just good risk management and strategy.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["That","'s","just","good","risk","management","and","strategy","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If preventing rapid climate change as quickly as possible is our goal, it might be a good idea to see nuclear and renewables not as opponents but as partners.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":82,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":18,"token_start":16},{"end":157,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":29,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","preventing","rapid","climate","change","as","quickly","as","possible","is","our","goal",",","it","might","be","a","good","idea","to","see","nuclear","and","renewables","not","as","opponents","but","as","partners","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We know there's no time to waste, so we should keep all of our low-emission players on the field.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":96,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","know","there","'s","no","time","to","waste",",","so","we","should","keep","all","of","our","low","-","emission","players","on","the","field","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As things are, both nuclear and renewables need innovation and investment.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["As","things","are",",","both","nuclear","and","renewables","need","innovation","and","investment","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And on the topic of current capacities, if we take nuclear energy offline right now, then that missing capacity will be replaced, at least partially, by fossil fuels.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":15,"token_start":8},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":111,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":20,"token_start":18},{"end":116,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":112,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":119,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":117,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":128,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":120,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":148,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":130,"token_end":27,"token_start":25},{"end":165,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":150,"token_end":31,"token_start":29}],"tokens":["And","on","the","topic","of","current","capacities",",","if","we","take","nuclear","energy","offline","right","now",",","then","that","missing","capacity","will","be","replaced",",","at","least","partially",",","by","fossil","fuels","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,2,2,15,15,29,0,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"in the long run it may be cheaper to build them as long as they prevent more fossil fuel capacity being added and paying for the consequences of rapid climate change.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":165,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":30,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["in","the","long","run","it","may","be","cheaper","to","build","them","as","long","as","they","prevent","more","fossil","fuel","capacity","being","added","and","paying","for","the","consequences","of","rapid","climate","change","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,3,15,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"So, do we need nuclear energy?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So",",","do","we","need","nuclear","energy","?"],"tags":[0,0,15,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Well, it really depends how hard we choose to make things for ourselves.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Well",",","it","really","depends","how","hard","we","choose","to","make","things","for","ourselves","."],"tags":[0,0,3,13,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And in a world that's already having a really hard time quitting fossil fuels, why should we make things harder than necessary?","spans":[{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":14,"token_start":1},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":83,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":97,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":93,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":126,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":23,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["And","in","a","world","that","'s","already","having","a","really","hard","time","quitting","fossil","fuels",",","why","should","we","make","things","harder","than","necessary","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Starting the change process and trying something new is always difficult.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Starting","the","change","process","and","trying","something","new","is","always","difficult","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"Luckily, you don't have to do it all on your own.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Luckily",",","you","do","n't","have","to","do","it","all","on","your","own","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,37,17,18,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you want to get out of a rut, we've got something for you.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","get","out","of","a","rut",",","we","'ve","got","something","for","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,23,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We are big fans of Skillshare, an online learning community that offers thousands of classes for all skill levels in tons of creative disciplines like illustration, animation or film and video.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":191,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":32,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","are","big","fans","of","Skillshare",",","an","online","learning","community","that","offers","thousands","of","classes","for","all","skill","levels","in","tons","of","creative","disciplines","like","illustration",",","animation","or","film","and","video","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Or you could try a class on home decoration, growing houseplants or playing the guitar.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Or","you","could","try","a","class","on","home","decoration",",","growing","houseplants","or","playing","the","guitar","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There's something for everyone, really.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["There","'s","something","for","everyone",",","really","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,0,13,0]}
{"text":"Unlimited access to all the classes is less than $10 a month with an annual premium membership.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Unlimited","access","to","all","the","classes","is","less","than","$","10","a","month","with","an","annual","premium","membership","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And the first 1000 Kurzgesagt viewers to click the link in the description will get a free trial.","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":80,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","the","first","1000","Kurzgesagt","viewers","to","click","the","link","in","the","description","will","get","a","free","trial","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Since we started working with Skillshare, you, our viewers, have taken over 100,000 hours of classes, including our own three Skillshare classes on how we make our animations.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":174,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":31,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Since","we","started","working","with","Skillshare",",","you",",","our","viewers",",","have","taken","over","100,000","hours","of","classes",",","including","our","own","three","Skillshare","classes","on","how","we","make","our","animations","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,0,39,40,0,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you want to learn more about motion graphics, give them a try.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","learn","more","about","motion","graphics",",","give","them","a","try","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,9,7,8,0]}
{"text":"We liked the scientific method for artists, find inspiration, get motivated and grow your creative skills by Kendall Hillegas.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","liked","the","scientific","method","for","artists",",","find","inspiration",",","get","motivated","and","grow","your","creative","skills","by","Kendall","Hillegas","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In this class, Kendall explains her four-phase process for exploring and figuring out your direction as an artist.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","this","class",",","Kendall","explains","her","four","-","phase","process","for","exploring","and","figuring","out","your","direction","as","an","artist","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For us, it was a great way to get into the flow of creating something.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","us",",","it","was","a","great","way","to","get","into","the","flow","of","creating","something","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But anything that makes you feel excited and sparks new ideas is a great first step.","spans":[{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","anything","that","makes","you","feel","excited","and","sparks","new","ideas","is","a","great","first","step","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you want to get creative with new skills and support Kurzgesagt, give it a go.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":79,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","get","creative","with","new","skills","and","support","Kurzgesagt",",","give","it","a","go","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,9,7,8,0]}
{"text":"An ant is pretty stupid.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["An","ant","is","pretty","stupid","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"It doesn't have much of a brain, no will, no plan.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","does","n't","have","much","of","a","brain",",","no","will",",","no","plan","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And yet, many ants together are smart.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","many","ants","together","are","smart","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,13,21,11,0]}
{"text":"An ant colony can construct complex structures.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["An","ant","colony","can","construct","complex","structures","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Some colonies keep farms of fungi, others take care of cattle.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","colonies","keep","farms","of","fungi",",","others","take","care","of","cattle","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They can wage war or defend themselves.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["They","can","wage","war","or","defend","themselves","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"How is this possible?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["How","is","this","possible","?"],"tags":[13,21,1,11,0]}
{"text":"How can a bunch of stupid things do smart things together?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["How","can","a","bunch","of","stupid","things","do","smart","things","together","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,13,0]}
{"text":"This phenomenon is called emergence, and it's one of the most fascinating and mysterious features of our universe.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","phenomenon","is","called","emergence",",","and","it","'s","one","of","the","most","fascinating","and","mysterious","features","of","our","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,33,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, it describes small things forming bigger things that have different properties than the sum of their parts.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":120,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","it","describes","small","things","forming","bigger","things","that","have","different","properties","than","the","sum","of","their","parts","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Emergence is complexity arising from simplicity.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Emergence","is","complexity","arising","from","simplicity","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And emergence is everywhere.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","emergence","is","everywhere","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Water has vastly different properties to the molecules that make it up, like the concept of wetness.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Water","has","vastly","different","properties","to","the","molecules","that","make","it","up",",","like","the","concept","of","wetness","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Take wet fabric.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Take","wet","fabric","."],"tags":[19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"If you zoom in far enough, there is no wetness.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","you","zoom","in","far","enough",",","there","is","no","wetness","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"There are just molecules sitting in the spaces between the atoms of the cloth.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","just","molecules","sitting","in","the","spaces","between","the","atoms","of","the","cloth","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Wetness is an emerging property of water.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Wetness","is","an","emerging","property","of","water","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And this is sort of it.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","this","is","sort","of","it","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Many things interact under a certain set of rules, creating something above and beyond themselves.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Many","things","interact","under","a","certain","set","of","rules",",","creating","something","above","and","beyond","themselves","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It turns out that more is different.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","turns","out","that","more","is","different","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This different property is itself a new thing, and that new thing can couple with other new things to repeat the process.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["This","different","property","is","itself","a","new","thing",",","and","that","new","thing","can","couple","with","other","new","things","to","repeat","the","process","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,39,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"You can imagine this as layers stacked upon each other, every layer made from more complex parts.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":96,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","can","imagine","this","as","layers","stacked","upon","each","other",",","every","layer","made","from","more","complex","parts","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Atoms form molecules.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Atoms","form","molecules","."],"tags":[1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Molecules form proteins.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Molecules","form","proteins","."],"tags":[1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Proteins make up cells.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Proteins","make","up","cells","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,0]}
{"text":"Cells make up organs.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Cells","make","up","organs","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,0]}
{"text":"Organs form individuals.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Organs","form","individuals","."],"tags":[1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Individuals form societies.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Individuals","form","societies","."],"tags":[1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"But how can something be more than the sum of its parts?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","how","can","something","be","more","than","the","sum","of","its","parts","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"How do ants form the sort of cloudy entity that is a colony?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["How","do","ants","form","the","sort","of","cloudy","entity","that","is","a","colony","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For example, let's look at how an ant colony distributes jobs.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["For","example",",","let","'s","look","at","how","an","ant","colony","distributes","jobs","."],"tags":[13,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Let's assume that a colony should have 25% workers, 25% caretakers, 25% soldiers, and 25% gatherers.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":99,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","assume","that","a","colony","should","have","25","%","workers",",","25","%","caretakers",",","25","%","soldiers",",","and","25","%","gatherers","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Ants communicate their current job via chemicals.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Ants","communicate","their","current","job","via","chemicals","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"For example, a worker ant constantly secretes chemicals that say, I'm a worker.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","example",",","a","worker","ant","constantly","secretes","chemicals","that","say",",","I","'m","a","worker","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"When ants meet other ants, they smell each other to gather information, telling each other their job and what they're doing.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["When","ants","meet","other","ants",",","they","smell","each","other","to","gather","information",",","telling","each","other","their","job","and","what","they","'re","doing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Both keep track of who they met in the past.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Both","keep","track","of","who","they","met","in","the","past","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Now, imagine an anteater kills most of the gatherers.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Now",",","imagine","an","anteater","kills","most","of","the","gatherers","."],"tags":[13,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If this isn't fixed quickly, the colony will starve.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["If","this","is","n't","fixed","quickly",",","the","colony","will","starve","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"Many worker ants need to switch jobs, but how do you tell this to thousands of them?","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Many","worker","ants","need","to","switch","jobs",",","but","how","do","you","tell","this","to","thousands","of","them","?"],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Our worker ant will still meet and smell other ants, but it will encounter almost no gatherers at all.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Our","worker","ant","will","still","meet","and","smell","other","ants",",","but","it","will","encounter","almost","no","gatherers","at","all","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,19,0,41,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It counts too few gatherers until it reaches a critical point, and then it changes its job.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["It","counts","too","few","gatherers","until","it","reaches","a","critical","point",",","and","then","it","changes","its","job","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The worker becomes a gatherer.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","worker","becomes","a","gatherer","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Other ants will do the same until after a while there are enough gatherers again.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Other","ants","will","do","the","same","until","after","a","while","there","are","enough","gatherers","again","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The balance is restored all by itself.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","balance","is","restored","all","by","itself","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The actions and interactions of an individual are random.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","actions","and","interactions","of","an","individual","are","random","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"You can't plan which ant will encounter which other ant.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","ca","n't","plan","which","ant","will","encounter","which","other","ant","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But the simple set of rules is so elegant that a colony's many operations emerge as a consequence.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","the","simple","set","of","rules","is","so","elegant","that","a","colony","'s","many","operations","emerge","as","a","consequence","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On an even more fundamental level, hundreds of millions of complicated molecules interact to maintain a robust and amazing structure.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":81,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":131,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["On","an","even","more","fundamental","level",",","hundreds","of","millions","of","complicated","molecules","interact","to","maintain","a","robust","and","amazing","structure","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A being with vastly different properties than the sum of its dead parts emerges.","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["A","being","with","vastly","different","properties","than","the","sum","of","its","dead","parts","emerges","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,0]}
{"text":"We still don't have a clear definition of what living things are, we just know they emerge from things that are not alive.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","still","do","n't","have","a","clear","definition","of","what","living","things","are",",","we","just","know","they","emerge","from","things","that","are","not","alive","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Cells combine and cooperate.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Cells","combine","and","cooperate","."],"tags":[1,19,0,41,0]}
{"text":"They specialize and respond to one another, and over time we develop into complex organisms with remarkable capacities.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","specialize","and","respond","to","one","another",",","and","over","time","we","develop","into","complex","organisms","with","remarkable","capacities","."],"tags":[1,19,0,41,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Your arms and legs and heart are an incredibly complex and complicated system made of trillions of individual stupid things.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":122,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Your","arms","and","legs","and","heart","are","an","incredibly","complex","and","complicated","system","made","of","trillions","of","individual","stupid","things","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And yet we breathe, digest, and watch YouTube videos.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","yet","we","breathe",",","digest",",","and","watch","YouTube","videos","."],"tags":[0,13,1,19,0,41,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"How do your cells know what to do?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["How","do","your","cells","know","what","to","do","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Think of the pacemaker cells in your heart.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Think","of","the","pacemaker","cells","in","your","heart","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Billions of them need to send out an impulse just at the right moment to collectively create a heartbeat.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Billions","of","them","need","to","send","out","an","impulse","just","at","the","right","moment","to","collectively","create","a","heartbeat","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our cells exchange chemical information with their neighbor cells to see what they're up to and then decide what to do.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Our","cells","exchange","chemical","information","with","their","neighbor","cells","to","see","what","they","'re","up","to","and","then","decide","what","to","do","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If it's among a lot of cells that are working on the same task, it will start working on that task as well and sync up with them.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":72,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":24,"token_start":19},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":111,"token_end":29,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["If","it","'s","among","a","lot","of","cells","that","are","working","on","the","same","task",",","it","will","start","working","on","that","task","as","well","and","sync","up","with","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There is no mastermind giving commands.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","no","mastermind","giving","commands","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"What is the thing that asks these kinds of questions?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","is","the","thing","that","asks","these","kinds","of","questions","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Is our consciousness then an emergent property of the cells in our brain?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Is","our","consciousness","then","an","emergent","property","of","the","cells","in","our","brain","?"],"tags":[21,1,2,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This question is too big and important.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","question","is","too","big","and","important","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It deserves a video of its own.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","deserves","a","video","of","its","own","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Some things that emerge are hard to define.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Some","things","that","emerge","are","hard","to","define","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You can't touch an ant colony, only its parts.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","ca","n't","touch","an","ant","colony",",","only","its","parts","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It has neither brain nor face nor body.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","has","neither","brain","nor","face","nor","body","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And yet the colony interacts with the world.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","yet","the","colony","interacts","with","the","world","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Just like colonies emerge from ants, things emerge from humans, like nations.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Just","like","colonies","emerge","from","ants",",","things","emerge","from","humans",",","like","nations","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,14,0,13,14,0]}
{"text":"What actually is a nation?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","actually","is","a","nation","?"],"tags":[11,13,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Is it its population?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Is","it","its","population","?"],"tags":[21,1,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Is it its institutions?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Is","it","its","institutions","?"],"tags":[21,1,11,12,0]}
{"text":"All of these things are fluid.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["All","of","these","things","are","fluid","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Populations change and are replaced.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Populations","change","and","are","replaced","."],"tags":[1,19,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"Institutions come and go.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Institutions","come","and","go","."],"tags":[1,19,0,41,0]}
{"text":"Cities can be constructed and abandoned.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Cities","can","be","constructed","and","abandoned","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,0,41,0]}
{"text":"Borders have changed all the time for most of history.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Borders","have","changed","all","the","time","for","most","of","history","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And symbols get replaced by new symbols.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","symbols","get","replaced","by","new","symbols","."],"tags":[0,1,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A nation has no face, no brain, no body.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["A","nation","has","no","face",",","no","brain",",","no","body","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Are nations not real then?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Are","nations","not","real","then","?"],"tags":[21,1,37,11,13,0]}
{"text":"Just like ant colonies, nations interact with the world.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Just","like","ant","colonies",",","nations","interact","with","the","world","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They can change landscapes, wage wars, grow or decline, and they can stop existing.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["They","can","change","landscapes",",","wage","wars",",","grow","or","decline",",","and","they","can","stop","existing","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But they only exist because of a lot of humans interacting with each other.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","they","only","exist","because","of","a","lot","of","humans","interacting","with","each","other","."],"tags":[0,1,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All the complex structures that surround us emerge from us.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["All","the","complex","structures","that","surround","us","emerge","from","us","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Even if we don't intend to, we are constantly creating.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Even","if","we","do","n't","intend","to",",","we","are","constantly","creating","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,27,0]}
{"text":"All of these things are entities that have fundamentally different properties and abilities than the pretty stupid apes they emerged from.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":136,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["All","of","these","things","are","entities","that","have","fundamentally","different","properties","and","abilities","than","the","pretty","stupid","apes","they","emerged","from","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We don't know why any of this happens.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","why","any","of","this","happens","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We just observe it, and it seems to be a fundamental property of our universe.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","just","observe","it",",","and","it","seems","to","be","a","fundamental","property","of","our","universe","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It may be the most beautiful and wondrous property of our universe.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","may","be","the","most","beautiful","and","wondrous","property","of","our","universe","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Space travel is the most exciting and challenging adventure humanity has ever undertaken.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Space","travel","is","the","most","exciting","and","challenging","adventure","humanity","has","ever","undertaken","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But in an irony of history, we may stop ourselves from going into space the more we do it.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":71,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","in","an","irony","of","history",",","we","may","stop","ourselves","from","going","into","space","the","more","we","do","it","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"With every rocket launched and with every satellite deployed, we're creating a trap for ourselves that gets deadlier and more dangerous every year.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":145,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["With","every","rocket","launched","and","with","every","satellite","deployed",",","we","'re","creating","a","trap","for","ourselves","that","gets","deadlier","and","more","dangerous","every","year","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If it's ever activated, it could end the space age and trap us on our planet for decades or even centuries.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","it","'s","ever","activated",",","it","could","end","the","space","age","and","trap","us","on","our","planet","for","decades","or","even","centuries","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Getting something into space is incredibly hard.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Getting","something","into","space","is","incredibly","hard","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"To do so, you need to move very, very fast, at first straight up to leave the atmosphere,","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["To","do","so",",","you","need","to","move","very",",","very","fast",",","at","first","straight","up","to","leave","the","atmosphere",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you do that successfully, you can enter a low Earth orbit.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","you","do","that","successfully",",","you","can","enter","a","low","Earth","orbit","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And once in orbit, it's very hard to get out of orbit.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","once","in","orbit",",","it","'s","very","hard","to","get","out","of","orbit","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Unless you have energy to spare, you're sort of locked in here, falling around the Earth forever.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":57,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Unless","you","have","energy","to","spare",",","you","'re","sort","of","locked","in","here",",","falling","around","the","Earth","forever","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,14,29,35,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"That's great for things we want to stay up, like space stations and satellites.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["That","'s","great","for","things","we","want","to","stay","up",",","like","space","stations","and","satellites","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And so we move the majority of humanity's space infrastructure to this place, just a few hundred kilometers above the surface.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","so","we","move","the","majority","of","humanity","'s","space","infrastructure","to","this","place",",","just","a","few","hundred","kilometers","above","the","surface","."],"tags":[0,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But this is also the source of our deadly trap.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","this","is","also","the","source","of","our","deadly","trap","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Rockets are really metal cylinders that keep big piles of fuel in place.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Rockets","are","really","metal","cylinders","that","keep","big","piles","of","fuel","in","place","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Whenever a portion of the fuel has been spent, the empty tanks are dropped to make the rocket lighter.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Whenever","a","portion","of","the","fuel","has","been","spent",",","the","empty","tanks","are","dropped","to","make","the","rocket","lighter","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Some parts crash down to Earth or burn up in the atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Some","parts","crash","down","to","Earth","or","burn","up","in","the","atmosphere","."],"tags":[1,2,19,35,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But most of the useless rocket parts stay up and begin to orbit the planet.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","most","of","the","useless","rocket","parts","stay","up","and","begin","to","orbit","the","planet","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"After decades of space travel, low Earth orbit is a junkyard of spent boosters, broken satellites and millions of pieces of shrapnel from missile tests and explosions.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":165,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":28,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["After","decades","of","space","travel",",","low","Earth","orbit","is","a","junkyard","of","spent","boosters",",","broken","satellites","and","millions","of","pieces","of","shrapnel","from","missile","tests","and","explosions","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This debris is moving at speeds of up to 30,000 km per hour, circling Earth on crisscrossing orbits multiple times a day.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":4},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["This","debris","is","moving","at","speeds","of","up","to","30,000","km","per","hour",",","circling","Earth","on","crisscrossing","orbits","multiple","times","a","day","."],"tags":[1,2,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Orbital speeds are so fast that being hit by debris the size of a pea is like being shot by a plasma gun.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":103,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":22,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Orbital","speeds","are","so","fast","that","being","hit","by","debris","the","size","of","a","pea","is","like","being","shot","by","a","plasma","gun","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"On impact, the debris vaporizes, releasing enough energy to punch holes straight through solid metal.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","impact",",","the","debris","vaporizes",",","releasing","enough","energy","to","punch","holes","straight","through","solid","metal","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,25,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, we've covered the space around our planet with millions of deadly pieces of destruction.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So",",","we","'ve","covered","the","space","around","our","planet","with","millions","of","deadly","pieces","of","destruction","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And we also put a trillion-dollar global infrastructure network right in the danger zone.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","we","also","put","a","trillion","-","dollar","global","infrastructure","network","right","in","the","danger","zone","."],"tags":[0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It performs critical duties essential to the modern world.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","performs","critical","duties","essential","to","the","modern","world","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If just one pea-sized bullet hits one of our 1,100 working satellites, it will be destroyed instantly.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":19,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","just","one","pea","-","sized","bullet","hits","one","of","our","1,100","working","satellites",",","it","will","be","destroyed","instantly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,13,0]}
{"text":"Three or four satellites are already being destroyed this way every year.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Three","or","four","satellites","are","already","being","destroyed","this","way","every","year","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,13,15,29,13,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"As the number of satellites and the amount of junk in orbit is expected to grow tenfold in the next decade, we're approaching a tipping point.","spans":[{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":20,"token_start":0},{"end":109,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":108,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":112,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":110,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":124,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":114,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":140,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":126,"token_end":27,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["As","the","number","of","satellites","and","the","amount","of","junk","in","orbit","is","expected","to","grow","tenfold","in","the","next","decade",",","we","'re","approaching","a","tipping","point","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But the worst thing in space is not tiny pieces of junk.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","the","worst","thing","in","space","is","not","tiny","pieces","of","junk","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The worst thing would be an unstoppable chain reaction that turns a lot of non-junk things into junk.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","worst","thing","would","be","an","unstoppable","chain","reaction","that","turns","a","lot","of","non","-","junk","things","into","junk","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If satellites collide, they don't stop and fall out of the sky.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","satellites","collide",",","they","do","n't","stop","and","fall","out","of","the","sky","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's more of a splash than a crash.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","more","of","a","splash","than","a","crash","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Orbital speeds are so fast, solid pieces spray right through each other,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Orbital","speeds","are","so","fast",",","solid","pieces","spray","right","through","each","other",","],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This could trigger the slowest and most destructive sort of domino effect, a collision cascade.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","could","trigger","the","slowest","and","most","destructive","sort","of","domino","effect",",","a","collision","cascade","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Like a shotgun spray, each collision creates more bullets.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Like","a","shotgun","spray",",","each","collision","creates","more","bullets","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"What was once a single tiny target, very unlikely to hit anything, becomes a wall of destruction, hungry to make more.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":116,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["What","was","once","a","single","tiny","target",",","very","unlikely","to","hit","anything",",","becomes","a","wall","of","destruction",",","hungry","to","make","more","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"As more and more satellites are destroyed, the destruction accelerates exponentially, eventually destroying everything parked in orbit.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","more","and","more","satellites","are","destroyed",",","the","destruction","accelerates","exponentially",",","eventually","destroying","everything","parked","in","orbit","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But space is very empty, so the first few collisions may take a long time.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","space","is","very","empty",",","so","the","first","few","collisions","may","take","a","long","time","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"By the time we realize what's happening, it's too late.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["By","the","time","we","realize","what","'s","happening",",","it","'s","too","late","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"One year, one satellite is destroyed, and that's no big deal.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["One","year",",","one","satellite","is","destroyed",",","and","that","'s","no","big","deal","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The situation in orbit is rapidly worsening, and we may already be past the point of no return.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","situation","in","orbit","is","rapidly","worsening",",","and","we","may","already","be","past","the","point","of","no","return","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,13,27,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Within 10 years, space around Earth may no longer be viable for long-term satellites or rockets.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Within","10","years",",","space","around","Earth","may","no","longer","be","viable","for","long","-","term","satellites","or","rockets","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,13,14,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The worst-case scenario is horrifying.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","worst","-","case","scenario","is","horrifying","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It would effectively create a deadly barrier around Earth, possibly too dangerous to cross.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","would","effectively","create","a","deadly","barrier","around","Earth",",","possibly","too","dangerous","to","cross","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Dreams of moon bases, Mars colonies, or space travel at all may be set back centuries.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":75,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Dreams","of","moon","bases",",","Mars","colonies",",","or","space","travel","at","all","may","be","set","back","centuries","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,35,13,0]}
{"text":"And the loss of our space infrastructure would send some of the technology we rely on daily back to the 1970s.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":16,"token_start":9},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":20,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["And","the","loss","of","our","space","infrastructure","would","send","some","of","the","technology","we","rely","on","daily","back","to","the","1970s","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But it might not be too late to clean up our mess.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","it","might","not","be","too","late","to","clean","up","our","mess","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While the space industry has become better at avoiding space junk, it's still growing fast, and occasional weapon tests don't help.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":96,"token_end":24,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["While","the","space","industry","has","become","better","at","avoiding","space","junk",",","it","'s","still","growing","fast",",","and","occasional","weapon","tests","do","n't","help","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,27,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So there have been a couple of wild but also serious suggestions about how to quickly remove as much deadly space junk as possible without creating more in the process.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":167,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":29,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","there","have","been","a","couple","of","wild","but","also","serious","suggestions","about","how","to","quickly","remove","as","much","deadly","space","junk","as","possible","without","creating","more","in","the","process","."],"tags":[0,3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Lots of ideas are being thrown around, and some of the most seriously considered involve capture and return missions, which are being tested now.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":25,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Lots","of","ideas","are","being","thrown","around",",","and","some","of","the","most","seriously","considered","involve","capture","and","return","missions",",","which","are","being","tested","now","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,35,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"One method involves meeting a piece of junk in orbit with a small satellite loaded with a net.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["One","method","involves","meeting","a","piece","of","junk","in","orbit","with","a","small","satellite","loaded","with","a","net","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Once caught, a small rocket could be used to bring it down towards Earth.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Once","caught",",","a","small","rocket","could","be","used","to","bring","it","down","towards","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Targets too large for a net might be instead caught with a harpoon on a tether.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Targets","too","large","for","a","net","might","be","instead","caught","with","a","harpoon","on","a","tether","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Instead of firing a rocket, the cleaner would deploy a large sail to produce atmospheric drag and accelerate orbital decay.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Instead","of","firing","a","rocket",",","the","cleaner","would","deploy","a","large","sail","to","produce","atmospheric","drag","and","accelerate","orbital","decay","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And there are lots of other wild, sci-fi-sounding proposals, too.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":13,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","there","are","lots","of","other","wild",",","sci","-","fi","-","sounding","proposals",",","too","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,13,0]}
{"text":"Some might use giant electromagnets.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","might","use","giant","electromagnets","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"These magnetic tugs work by pushing on the magnetic components inside satellites that they use to stabilize and orientate themselves in Earth's magnetic field.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":157,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":24,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["These","magnetic","tugs","work","by","pushing","on","the","magnetic","components","inside","satellites","that","they","use","to","stabilize","and","orientate","themselves","in","Earth","'s","magnetic","field","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These may be safer and more reliable than nets and harpoons because they never have to make contact with the junk they're handling,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["These","may","be","safer","and","more","reliable","than","nets","and","harpoons","because","they","never","have","to","make","contact","with","the","junk","they","'re","handling",","],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"so there's no risk of accidentally breaking up their target into more junk.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["so","there","'s","no","risk","of","accidentally","breaking","up","their","target","into","more","junk","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"As for the tiniest bits of junk, lasers might be the key to vaporizing them entirely.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","for","the","tiniest","bits","of","junk",",","lasers","might","be","the","key","to","vaporizing","them","entirely","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Satellites with lasers wouldn't need to visit their target.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Satellites","with","lasers","would","n't","need","to","visit","their","target","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They can shoot them from far away.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","can","shoot","them","from","far","away","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Large objects can't exactly be shot down, but lasers can be used to ablate them or burn tiny amounts of material off the site to push the junk to a safer orbit.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":159,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":33,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Large","objects","ca","n't","exactly","be","shot","down",",","but","lasers","can","be","used","to","ablate","them","or","burn","tiny","amounts","of","material","off","the","site","to","push","the","junk","to","a","safer","orbit","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,13,15,29,35,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Whatever technology we used in the end, we better start doing something soon.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Whatever","technology","we","used","in","the","end",",","we","better","start","doing","something","soon","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Before 100 million bullets become a trillion and the trap is set.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Before","100","million","bullets","become","a","trillion","and","the","trap","is","set","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If we don't act, our adventure in space might end before it's even begun.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","we","do","n't","act",",","our","adventure","in","space","might","end","before","it","'s","even","begun","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If our days of dreaming about space exploration might be numbered anyway, we better put them to good use.","spans":[{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":84,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","our","days","of","dreaming","about","space","exploration","might","be","numbered","anyway",",","we","better","put","them","to","good","use","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One of the things we most like to spend our time on is learning more about our universe.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["One","of","the","things","we","most","like","to","spend","our","time","on","is","learning","more","about","our","universe","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And to do that, you can just keep watching.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","to","do","that",",","you","can","just","keep","watching","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,0]}
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{"text":"And maybe one day, use your knowledge on problems like space junk, or at least your science projects to start with.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":19,"token_start":6},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":22,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["And","maybe","one","day",",","use","your","knowledge","on","problems","like","space","junk",",","or","at","least","your","science","projects","to","start","with","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"Nuclear technology made a violent entrance onto the world stage.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Nuclear","technology","made","a","violent","entrance","onto","the","world","stage","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Just one year after the world's first ever nuclear test explosion in 1944, two large cities were destroyed by just two single bombs.","spans":[{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":90,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":17,"token_start":15},{"end":95,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":92,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":105,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":97,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":24,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Just","one","year","after","the","world","'s","first","ever","nuclear","test","explosion","in","1944",",","two","large","cities","were","destroyed","by","just","two","single","bombs","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After that, reactor technology slowly evolved as a means of generating electricity, but it's always been intimately connected with nuclear weapons technology.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":157,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":88,"token_end":24,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["After","that",",","reactor","technology","slowly","evolved","as","a","means","of","generating","electricity",",","but","it","'s","always","been","intimately","connected","with","nuclear","weapons","technology","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,13,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's nearly impossible to develop nuclear weapons without access to reactor technology.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","nearly","impossible","to","develop","nuclear","weapons","without","access","to","reactor","technology","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In fact, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty serves the purpose of spreading nuclear reactor technology without spreading nuclear weapons with limited success.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":137,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":20,"token_start":10},{"end":158,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":139,"token_end":23,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","the","Nuclear","Non","-","Proliferation","Treaty","serves","the","purpose","of","spreading","nuclear","reactor","technology","without","spreading","nuclear","weapons","with","limited","success","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In 40 years, five countries have developed their own weapons with the help of reactor technology.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","40","years",",","five","countries","have","developed","their","own","weapons","with","the","help","of","reactor","technology","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The fact of the matter is that it can be very hard to distinguish a covert nuclear weapons program from the peaceful use of nuclear energy.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":137,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":25,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","fact","of","the","matter","is","that","it","can","be","very","hard","to","distinguish","a","covert","nuclear","weapons","program","from","the","peaceful","use","of","nuclear","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In the 1970s, the big nuclear powers were happily selling peaceful technology to smaller countries, which then developed weapons of their own.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","the","1970s",",","the","big","nuclear","powers","were","happily","selling","peaceful","technology","to","smaller","countries",",","which","then","developed","weapons","of","their","own","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,13,27,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The road to deadly nuclear weapons is always paved with peaceful reactors.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","road","to","deadly","nuclear","weapons","is","always","paved","with","peaceful","reactors","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Spent nuclear fuel is not only radioactive, but also contains extremely poisonous chemical elements like plutonium.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Spent","nuclear","fuel","is","not","only","radioactive",",","but","also","contains","extremely","poisonous","chemical","elements","like","plutonium","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,0,0,11,0,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It loses its harmfulness only slowly over several tens of thousands of years.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","loses","its","harmfulness","only","slowly","over","several","tens","of","thousands","of","years","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And there is also a process called reprocessing, which means the extraction of plutonium from spent nuclear fuel.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":112,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","there","is","also","a","process","called","reprocessing",",","which","means","the","extraction","of","plutonium","from","spent","nuclear","fuel","."],"tags":[0,3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It can be used for two purposes, to build nuclear weapons or to use it as new fuel.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","can","be","used","for","two","purposes",",","to","build","nuclear","weapons","or","to","use","it","as","new","fuel","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But hardly any of it is used as fuel because we don't have the right kind of reactors for that.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","hardly","any","of","it","is","used","as","fuel","because","we","do","n't","have","the","right","kind","of","reactors","for","that","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A milligram will kill you, a few kilograms make an atomic bomb, and even an inconspicuous country like Germany literally has tons of the stuff just lying around because reprocessing sounded like a good idea decades ago.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":27,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":218,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":38,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["A","milligram","will","kill","you",",","a","few","kilograms","make","an","atomic","bomb",",","and","even","an","inconspicuous","country","like","Germany","literally","has","tons","of","the","stuff","just","lying","around","because","reprocessing","sounded","like","a","good","idea","decades","ago","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And where will all the waste go?","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","where","will","all","the","waste","go","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,2,2,19,0]}
{"text":"After dumping it into the ocean was forbidden, we've tried to bury it, but we can't find a place where it will definitely stay secure for tens of thousands of years.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":164,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":34,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["After","dumping","it","into","the","ocean","was","forbidden",",","we","'ve","tried","to","bury","it",",","but","we","ca","n't","find","a","place","where","it","will","definitely","stay","secure","for","tens","of","thousands","of","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Over 60 years of nuclear power usage, there have been seven major accidents in reactors or facilities dealing with nuclear waste.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Over","60","years","of","nuclear","power","usage",",","there","have","been","seven","major","accidents","in","reactors","or","facilities","dealing","with","nuclear","waste","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,21,1,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Three of those were mostly contained, but four of them released significant amounts of radioactivity into the environment.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Three","of","those","were","mostly","contained",",","but","four","of","them","released","significant","amounts","of","radioactivity","into","the","environment","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In 1957, 1987 and 2011, large areas of land in Russia, Ukraine and Japan were rendered unfit for human habitation for decades to come.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":16,"token_start":7},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":112,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":22,"token_start":19},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":114,"token_end":26,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["In","1957",",","1987","and","2011",",","large","areas","of","land","in","Russia",",","Ukraine","and","Japan","were","rendered","unfit","for","human","habitation","for","decades","to","come","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The number of deaths is highly disputed, but probably lies in the thousands.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","number","of","deaths","is","highly","disputed",",","but","probably","lies","in","the","thousands","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"These disasters happened with nuclear reactors of very different types in very different countries and several decades apart.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["These","disasters","happened","with","nuclear","reactors","of","very","different","types","in","very","different","countries","and","several","decades","apart","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Looking at the numbers, we may as well ask ourselves, are 10% of the world's energy supply worth a devastating disaster every 30 years?","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":134,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":27,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Looking","at","the","numbers",",","we","may","as","well","ask","ourselves",",","are","10","%","of","the","world","'s","energy","supply","worth","a","devastating","disaster","every","30","years","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,14,19,9,0,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"Would 30% be worth another Fukushima or Chernobyl somewhere on Earth every 10 years?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Would","30","%","be","worth","another","Fukushima","or","Chernobyl","somewhere","on","Earth","every","10","years","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"What area would have to be contaminated so we say, no more?","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["What","area","would","have","to","be","contaminated","so","we","say",",","no","more","?"],"tags":[1,2,15,17,18,15,29,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Where is the line?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Where","is","the","line","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"So, should we use nuclear energy?","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So",",","should","we","use","nuclear","energy","?"],"tags":[0,0,15,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The risks may outweigh the benefits, and maybe we should stop looking into this direction and drop this technology for good.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","risks","may","outweigh","the","benefits",",","and","maybe","we","should","stop","looking","into","this","direction","and","drop","this","technology","for","good","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you want to hear the other side of the argument, or a short introduction to nuclear energy, click here.","spans":[{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":18,"token_start":0},{"end":99,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":95,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":21,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","hear","the","other","side","of","the","argument",",","or","a","short","introduction","to","nuclear","energy",",","click","here","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,13,0]}
{"text":"Planet Earth is the home of every life form known to us in the universe.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Planet","Earth","is","the","home","of","every","life","form","known","to","us","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Its age is about a third of the age of the universe, and, admit it, it is a thing of beauty.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Its","age","is","about","a","third","of","the","age","of","the","universe",",","and",",","admit","it",",","it","is","a","thing","of","beauty","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But how did our home come into existence, and what's it made of?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","how","did","our","home","come","into","existence",",","and","what","'s","it","made","of","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,2,19,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"4.6 billion years ago, Earth was created from the remnants of dead stars that collected in a giant dirty gas cloud.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["4.6","billion","years","ago",",","Earth","was","created","from","the","remnants","of","dead","stars","that","collected","in","a","giant","dirty","gas","cloud","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The gas cloud became denser in its center and formed an accretion disk.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","gas","cloud","became","denser","in","its","center","and","formed","an","accretion","disk","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Small particles started clumping together and building larger and larger objects until they formed the objects we call planets today.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":132,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Small","particles","started","clumping","together","and","building","larger","and","larger","objects","until","they","formed","the","objects","we","call","planets","today","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This process took 10 to 20 million years and is still not very well understood.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","process","took","10","to","20","million","years","and","is","still","not","very","well","understood","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,0,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"At about this time, when the solar system was young and chaotic, a giant object about as big as Mars collided with our home.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":99,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":21,"token_start":14},{"end":108,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":101,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":25,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["At","about","this","time",",","when","the","solar","system","was","young","and","chaotic",",","a","giant","object","about","as","big","as","Mars","collided","with","our","home","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The impact was violent, and if the object had been more massive, it might have destroyed Earth.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","impact","was","violent",",","and","if","the","object","had","been","more","massive",",","it","might","have","destroyed","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Material from Earth was smashed out into orbit and formed the Moon, which is the biggest satellite in relation to its planet in the solar system.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":26,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Material","from","Earth","was","smashed","out","into","orbit","and","formed","the","Moon",",","which","is","the","biggest","satellite","in","relation","to","its","planet","in","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,35,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"At this time, Earth was a hot hell, constantly being hit by asteroids, with seas of lava and a toxic atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["At","this","time",",","Earth","was","a","hot","hell",",","constantly","being","hit","by","asteroids",",","with","seas","of","lava","and","a","toxic","atmosphere","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But something was about to change drastically.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","something","was","about","to","change","drastically","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Earth cooled down.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Earth","cooled","down","."],"tags":[1,31,32,0]}
{"text":"Water from the inside of the Earth wandered to the surface and rained down on Earth, only to vaporize again and become clouds.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":125,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Water","from","the","inside","of","the","Earth","wandered","to","the","surface","and","rained","down","on","Earth",",","only","to","vaporize","again","and","become","clouds","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Millions of asteroids brought more and more water to our planet.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Millions","of","asteroids","brought","more","and","more","water","to","our","planet","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All the water on Earth has about this volume compared to Earth.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["All","the","water","on","Earth","has","about","this","volume","compared","to","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Today, the surface of Earth is 71% water and 29% land.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Today",",","the","surface","of","Earth","is","71","%","water","and","29","%","land","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"97.5% is saline water, while only 2.5% is freshwater.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["97.5","%","is","saline","water",",","while","only","2.5","%","is","freshwater","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The freshwater is 69% ice and snow, 30% are groundwaters, and only about 1% make up the remaining groundwaters.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","freshwater","is","69","%","ice","and","snow",",","30","%","are","groundwaters",",","and","only","about","1","%","make","up","the","remaining","groundwaters","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But even this small part is mostly frozen.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","even","this","small","part","is","mostly","frozen","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"Only a tiny part of our water is actually lakes and rivers, and an even tinier part is bound in living things.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Only","a","tiny","part","of","our","water","is","actually","lakes","and","rivers",",","and","an","even","tinier","part","is","bound","in","living","things","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, gradually the Earth cooled down and the surface formed a thin crust,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So",",","gradually","the","Earth","cooled","down","and","the","surface","formed","a","thin","crust",","],"tags":[0,0,13,1,2,31,32,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"but inside the Earth, hot rock continued to swirl about, moving the crust from below and breaking it apart.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["but","inside","the","Earth",",","hot","rock","continued","to","swirl","about",",","moving","the","crust","from","below","and","breaking","it","apart","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This process is called plate tectonics and is happening right now.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","process","is","called","plate","tectonics","and","is","happening","right","now","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,33,34,0,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We'll make a whole video about it in the future.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","'ll","make","a","whole","video","about","it","in","the","future","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For now, let's just say that the crust of Earth consists of separate giant plates that move around.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":98,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["For","now",",","let","'s","just","say","that","the","crust","of","Earth","consists","of","separate","giant","plates","that","move","around","."],"tags":[13,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"As they meet, they crumble and create mighty mountains.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["As","they","meet",",","they","crumble","and","create","mighty","mountains","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Or, violently plunge back down deeper into Earth, creating deep trenches.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Or",",","violently","plunge","back","down","deeper","into","Earth",",","creating","deep","trenches","."],"tags":[0,0,13,19,13,14,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"That's the way the highest place on Earth was formed, Mount Everest, and the deepest, the Mariana Trench.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":103,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","the","way","the","highest","place","on","Earth","was","formed",",","Mount","Everest",",","and","the","deepest",",","the","Mariana","Trench","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"From our perspective, Earth's mountains and trenches are mighty indeed, but when you look at the Earth in cross-section, you can see how tiny they actually are.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":159,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":76,"token_end":32,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["From","our","perspective",",","Earth","'s","mountains","and","trenches","are","mighty","indeed",",","but","when","you","look","at","the","Earth","in","cross","-","section",",","you","can","see","how","tiny","they","actually","are","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The part we stand on is the crust, which is about 50 km thick, though it can vary between 5 and 70 km.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":24,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","part","we","stand","on","is","the","crust",",","which","is","about","50","km","thick",",","though","it","can","vary","between","5","and","70","km","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"By the way, the deepest hole ever drilled by man is 12.262 km deep.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["By","the","way",",","the","deepest","hole","ever","drilled","by","man","is","12.262","km","deep","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"The mantle consists of the upper mantle and the lower mantle.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","mantle","consists","of","the","upper","mantle","and","the","lower","mantle","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The upper mantle has different regions too.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","upper","mantle","has","different","regions","too","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,13,0]}
{"text":"Its upper part, which is viscous and carries the crust, is called the lithosphere.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":81,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Its","upper","part",",","which","is","viscous","and","carries","the","crust",",","is","called","the","lithosphere","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,29,33,34,0]}
{"text":"After that, there comes the asthenosphere, which consists of less mobile, mostly solid material.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["After","that",",","there","comes","the","asthenosphere",",","which","consists","of","less","mobile",",","mostly","solid","material","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The lower mantle reaches deep down to the outer core of Earth.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","lower","mantle","reaches","deep","down","to","the","outer","core","of","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Earth's outer core is a liquid layer of iron and nickel about 2,266 km thick.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Earth","'s","outer","core","is","a","liquid","layer","of","iron","and","nickel","about","2,266","km","thick","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Temperatures vary from 4,000 \u00b0C to 5,700 \u00b0C.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Temperatures","vary","from","4,000","\u00b0","C","to","5,700","\u00b0","C","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And in the center is the inner core.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","in","the","center","is","the","inner","core","."],"tags":[0,11,12,12,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It's mostly solid, a ball made of an iron-nickel alloy, with a radius of about 1,200 km, 70% the size of the Moon and about the temperature of the surface of the Sun.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":164,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":39,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","mostly","solid",",","a","ball","made","of","an","iron","-","nickel","alloy",",","with","a","radius","of","about","1,200","km",",","70","%","the","size","of","the","Moon","and","about","the","temperature","of","the","surface","of","the","Sun","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It is slowly growing at an estimated rate of about 1 mm per year.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","is","slowly","growing","at","an","estimated","rate","of","about","1","mm","per","year","."],"tags":[1,15,13,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This small layer of crystallized milk products of former molten mantle is where we live.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["This","small","layer","of","crystallized","milk","products","of","former","molten","mantle","is","where","we","live","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Then there's Earth's magnetic field.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Then","there","'s","Earth","'s","magnetic","field","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It's an invisible phenomenon that diverts high-energy particles coming from the Sun and other sources,","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","an","invisible","phenomenon","that","diverts","high","-","energy","particles","coming","from","the","Sun","and","other","sources",","],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But why is it there?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","why","is","it","there","?"],"tags":[0,13,21,1,11,0]}
{"text":"Actually, we don't really know a terrible lot about that.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Actually",",","we","do","n't","really","know","a","terrible","lot","about","that","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,37,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We know it has something to do with the core of the Earth.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","know","it","has","something","to","do","with","the","core","of","the","Earth","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Inside this metal sphere, large electrical currents flow in complicated patterns.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Inside","this","metal","sphere",",","large","electrical","currents","flow","in","complicated","patterns","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They cause a magnetic field that sort of stabilizes itself according to the laws of electrodynamics.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","cause","a","magnetic","field","that","sort","of","stabilizes","itself","according","to","the","laws","of","electrodynamics","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This entire system is called the dynamo.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","entire","system","is","called","the","dynamo","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,33,34,0]}
{"text":"But don't let us fall you into thinking we have it all figured out.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","do","n't","let","us","fall","you","into","thinking","we","have","it","all","figured","out","."],"tags":[0,15,37,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"By volume, dry air consists mostly of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon, a variable amount of water vapor and small amounts of other gases.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":136,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":27,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["By","volume",",","dry","air","consists","mostly","of","nitrogen",",","oxygen",",","argon",",","carbon",",","a","variable","amount","of","water","vapor","and","small","amounts","of","other","gases","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,25,13,35,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Humans are very dependent on the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the troposphere, where the weather is.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Humans","are","very","dependent","on","the","lowest","layer","of","the","atmosphere",",","the","troposphere",",","where","the","weather","is","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's 12 km thick on average.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","'s","12","km","thick","on","average","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Above that is the stratosphere, which is where the ozone layer protects us from the Sun's most aggressive type of light.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":119,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":22,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Above","that","is","the","stratosphere",",","which","is","where","the","ozone","layer","protects","us","from","the","Sun","'s","most","aggressive","type","of","light","."],"tags":[11,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Above that is the mesosphere, the coldest place on Earth, with an average temperature around minus 85 degrees Celsius.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":117,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Above","that","is","the","mesosphere",",","the","coldest","place","on","Earth",",","with","an","average","temperature","around","minus","85","degrees","Celsius","."],"tags":[11,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"At about 80 km up, the thermosphere starts.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["At","about","80","km","up",",","the","thermosphere","starts","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,0]}
{"text":"The transition to space is a fluent one without clear borders, but humans decided that space starts here.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","transition","to","space","is","a","fluent","one","without","clear","borders",",","but","humans","decided","that","space","starts","here","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"At about 100 km, Earth stops and space begins, though the atmosphere extends a bit further.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["At","about","100","km",",","Earth","stops","and","space","begins",",","though","the","atmosphere","extends","a","bit","further","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,25,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In this region we find the ionosphere, the aurora borealis and the ISS.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","this","region","we","find","the","ionosphere",",","the","aurora","borealis","and","the","ISS","."],"tags":[13,14,14,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And the outermost layer is the exosphere, stretching up to 10,000 km.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","the","outermost","layer","is","the","exosphere",",","stretching","up","to","10,000","km","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It merges fluently with outer space, where there's no atmosphere at all.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","merges","fluently","with","outer","space",",","where","there","'s","no","atmosphere","at","all","."],"tags":[1,25,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The atoms and molecules in this area are so far apart that they can travel hundreds of km without colliding with each other.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":122,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","atoms","and","molecules","in","this","area","are","so","far","apart","that","they","can","travel","hundreds","of","km","without","colliding","with","each","other","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Okay, humans in their present form have only been around for 200,000 years.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Okay",",","humans","in","their","present","form","have","only","been","around","for","200,000","years","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,13,21,11,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"That's 0.004% of Earth's history.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","0.004","%","of","Earth","'s","history","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And here we are now, living in a thin, moist layer on a small, wet rock.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","here","we","are","now",",","living","in","a","thin",",","moist","layer","on","a","small",",","wet","rock","."],"tags":[0,11,1,21,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We call this rock Earth.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","call","this","rock","Earth","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,33,0]}
{"text":"It is the product of the Universe's deepest workings, the result of a constant process of creation and destruction,","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":113,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","is","the","product","of","the","Universe","'s","deepest","workings",",","the","result","of","a","constant","process","of","creation","and","destruction",","],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We are really lucky.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","are","really","lucky","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"What is hydraulic fracturing or fracking?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","is","hydraulic","fracturing","or","fracking","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Since the Industrial Revolution, our energy consumption has risen unceasingly.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Since","the","Industrial","Revolution",",","our","energy","consumption","has","risen","unceasingly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,13,0]}
{"text":"The majority of this energy consumption is supplied by fossil fuels, like coal or natural gas.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","majority","of","this","energy","consumption","is","supplied","by","fossil","fuels",",","like","coal","or","natural","gas","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Recently, there's been a lot of talk about a controversial method of extracting natural gas, hydraulic fracturing or fracking.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":125,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Recently",",","there","'s","been","a","lot","of","talk","about","a","controversial","method","of","extracting","natural","gas",",","hydraulic","fracturing","or","fracking","."],"tags":[13,0,3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Put simply, fracking describes the recovery of natural gas from deep layers inside the earth.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Put","simply",",","fracking","describes","the","recovery","of","natural","gas","from","deep","layers","inside","the","earth","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In this method, porous rock is fractured by the use of water, sand and chemicals in order to release the enclosed natural gas.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":16,"token_start":8},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":24,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["In","this","method",",","porous","rock","is","fractured","by","the","use","of","water",",","sand","and","chemicals","in","order","to","release","the","enclosed","natural","gas","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The technique of fracking has been known since the 1940s.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","technique","of","fracking","has","been","known","since","the","1940s","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Nonetheless, only in the last 10 years has there been quite a fracking boom, especially in the USA.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Nonetheless",",","only","in","the","last","10","years","has","there","been","quite","a","fracking","boom",",","especially","in","the","USA","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,15,3,21,1,2,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is because most conventional natural gas sources in America and on the European continent have been exhausted.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":114,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","because","most","conventional","natural","gas","sources","in","America","and","on","the","European","continent","have","been","exhausted","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Thus, prices for natural gas and other fuels are rising steadily.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Thus",",","prices","for","natural","gas","and","other","fuels","are","rising","steadily","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,13,0]}
{"text":"Significantly more complicated and expensive methods, like fracking, have now become attractive and profitable.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":84,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":110,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Significantly","more","complicated","and","expensive","methods",",","like","fracking",",","have","now","become","attractive","and","profitable","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,13,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In the meantime, fracking has already been used more than a million times in the USA alone.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","the","meantime",",","fracking","has","already","been","used","more","than","a","million","times","in","the","USA","alone","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Over 60% of all new oil and gas wells are drilled by using fracking.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Over","60","%","of","all","new","oil","and","gas","wells","are","drilled","by","using","fracking","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Now, let's take a look at how fracking actually works.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Now",",","let","'s","take","a","look","at","how","fracking","actually","works","."],"tags":[13,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"First, a shaft is drilled several hundred meters into the earth.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["First",",","a","shaft","is","drilled","several","hundred","meters","into","the","earth","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"From there, a horizontal hole is drilled into the gas-bearing layer of rock.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["From","there",",","a","horizontal","hole","is","drilled","into","the","gas","-","bearing","layer","of","rock","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Next, the fracking fluid is pumped into the ground using high-performance pumps.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Next",",","the","fracking","fluid","is","pumped","into","the","ground","using","high","-","performance","pumps","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"On average, the fluid consists of 8 million liters of water, which amounts to about the daily consumption of 65,000 people,","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":121,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","average",",","the","fluid","consists","of","8","million","liters","of","water",",","which","amounts","to","about","the","daily","consumption","of","65,000","people",","],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The mixture penetrates into the rock layer and produces innumerable tiny cracks.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","mixture","penetrates","into","the","rock","layer","and","produces","innumerable","tiny","cracks","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The sand prevents the cracks from closing again.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","sand","prevents","the","cracks","from","closing","again","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The chemicals perform various tasks.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","chemicals","perform","various","tasks","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Among other things, they compress the water, kill off bacteria or dissolve minerals.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Among","other","things",",","they","compress","the","water",",","kill","off","bacteria","or","dissolve","minerals","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Next, the majority of the fracking fluid is pumped out again.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Next",",","the","majority","of","the","fracking","fluid","is","pumped","out","again","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,35,13,0]}
{"text":"And now the natural gas can be recovered.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","now","the","natural","gas","can","be","recovered","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,2,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"As soon as the gas source is exhausted, the drill hole is sealed.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","soon","as","the","gas","source","is","exhausted",",","the","drill","hole","is","sealed","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"As a rule, the fracking fluid is pumped back into deep underground layers and sealed in there.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["As","a","rule",",","the","fracking","fluid","is","pumped","back","into","deep","underground","layers","and","sealed","in","there","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"However, fracking is also associated with several considerable risks.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["However",",","fracking","is","also","associated","with","several","considerable","risks","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The primary risk consists in the contamination of drinking water sources.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","primary","risk","consists","in","the","contamination","of","drinking","water","sources","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The contamination is so severe that the water cannot even be cleaned in a treatment plant.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","contamination","is","so","severe","that","the","water","can","not","even","be","cleaned","in","a","treatment","plant","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Even though the danger is known and, theoretically, could be managed, in the USA already sources have been contaminated due to negligence.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":95,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":100,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":97,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":105,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":102,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":118,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":107,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":136,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":120,"token_end":24,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Even","though","the","danger","is","known","and",",","theoretically",",","could","be","managed",",","in","the","USA","already","sources","have","been","contaminated","due","to","negligence","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,13,1,15,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"No one yet knows how the enclosed water will behave in the future, since there have not yet been any long-term studies on the subject.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":27,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["No","one","yet","knows","how","the","enclosed","water","will","behave","in","the","future",",","since","there","have","not","yet","been","any","long","-","term","studies","on","the","subject","."],"tags":[1,2,13,25,5,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The chemicals used in fracking vary from the hazardous to the extremely toxic and carcinogenic, such as benzoyl or formic acid.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":21,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["The","chemicals","used","in","fracking","vary","from","the","hazardous","to","the","extremely","toxic","and","carcinogenic",",","such","as","benzoyl","or","formic","acid","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The companies using fracking say nothing about the precise composition of the chemical mixture.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","companies","using","fracking","say","nothing","about","the","precise","composition","of","the","chemical","mixture","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But it is known that there are about 700 different chemical agents which can be used in the process.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":99,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","is","known","that","there","are","about","700","different","chemical","agents","which","can","be","used","in","the","process","."],"tags":[0,3,15,29,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Another risk is the release of greenhouse gases.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Another","risk","is","the","release","of","greenhouse","gases","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The natural gas recovered by fracking consists largely of methane, a greenhouse gas which is 25 times more potent than carbon dioxide.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":55,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","natural","gas","recovered","by","fracking","consists","largely","of","methane",",","a","greenhouse","gas","which","is","25","times","more","potent","than","carbon","dioxide","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,35,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Natural gas is less harmful than coal when burned.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Natural","gas","is","less","harmful","than","coal","when","burned","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But nonetheless the negative effects of fracking on the climate balance are overall greater.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","nonetheless","the","negative","effects","of","fracking","on","the","climate","balance","are","overall","greater","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"Firstly, the fracking process requires a very large consumption of energy.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Firstly",",","the","fracking","process","requires","a","very","large","consumption","of","energy","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Secondly, the drill holes are quickly exhausted and it is necessary to drill fracking holes much more frequently than for classical natural gas wells.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":149,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Secondly",",","the","drill","holes","are","quickly","exhausted","and","it","is","necessary","to","drill","fracking","holes","much","more","frequently","than","for","classical","natural","gas","wells","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,15,13,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In addition, about 3% of the recovered gas is lost in the extraction and escapes into the atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["In","addition",",","about","3","%","of","the","recovered","gas","is","lost","in","the","extraction","and","escapes","into","the","atmosphere","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"When properly employed, this technique offers one way in the short to medium term to meet our demand for lower cost energy.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":121,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["When","properly","employed",",","this","technique","offers","one","way","in","the","short","to","medium","term","to","meet","our","demand","for","lower","cost","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But the long term consequences of fracking are unforeseeable and the risk to our drinking water thus should not be underestimated.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":129,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","the","long","term","consequences","of","fracking","are","unforeseeable","and","the","risk","to","our","drinking","water","thus","should","not","be","underestimated","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The fundamental currency of our universe is energy.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","fundamental","currency","of","our","universe","is","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It lights our homes, grows our food, powers our computers.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","lights","our","homes",",","grows","our","food",",","powers","our","computers","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We can get it lots of ways, burning fossil fuels, splitting atoms or sunlight striking photovoltaics.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","can","get","it","lots","of","ways",",","burning","fossil","fuels",",","splitting","atoms","or","sunlight","striking","photovoltaics","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But there's a downside to everything.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","'s","a","downside","to","everything","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Fossil fuels are extremely toxic, nuclear waste is, well, nuclear waste, and there are not enough batteries to store sunlight for cloudy days yet.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":145,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":27,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Fossil","fuels","are","extremely","toxic",",","nuclear","waste","is",",","well",",","nuclear","waste",",","and","there","are","not","enough","batteries","to","store","sunlight","for","cloudy","days","yet","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And yet, the sun seems to have virtually limitless free energy.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","the","sun","seems","to","have","virtually","limitless","free","energy","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Is there a way we could build a sun on Earth?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Is","there","a","way","we","could","build","a","sun","on","Earth","?"],"tags":[21,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Can we bottle a star?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Can","we","bottle","a","star","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The sun shines because of nuclear fusion.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","sun","shines","because","of","nuclear","fusion","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, fusion is a thermonuclear process, meaning that the ingredients have to be incredibly hot,","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","fusion","is","a","thermonuclear","process",",","meaning","that","the","ingredients","have","to","be","incredibly","hot",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Since nuclei are all positively charged, they repel each other.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Since","nuclei","are","all","positively","charged",",","they","repel","each","other","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"In order to overcome this repulsion, the particles have to be going very, very fast.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","order","to","overcome","this","repulsion",",","the","particles","have","to","be","going","very",",","very","fast","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,17,18,15,27,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In this context, very fast means very hot.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","this","context",",","very","fast","means","very","hot","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Stars cheat to reach these temperatures.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Stars","cheat","to","reach","these","temperatures","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They are so massive that the pressure in their cores generates the heat to squeeze the nuclei together until they merge and fuse,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":127,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","so","massive","that","the","pressure","in","their","cores","generates","the","heat","to","squeeze","the","nuclei","together","until","they","merge","and","fuse",","],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It is this energy release that scientists hope to harness in a new generation of power plant, the fusion reactor.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":112,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","is","this","energy","release","that","scientists","hope","to","harness","in","a","new","generation","of","power","plant",",","the","fusion","reactor","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"On Earth, it's not feasible to use this brute force method to create fusion,","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","Earth",",","it","'s","not","feasible","to","use","this","brute","force","method","to","create","fusion",","],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,37,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"so if we wanted to build a reactor that generates energy from fusion, we have to get clever.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":80,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":84,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":18,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["so","if","we","wanted","to","build","a","reactor","that","generates","energy","from","fusion",",","we","have","to","get","clever","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,21,11,0]}
{"text":"To date, scientists have invented two ways of making plasmas hot enough to fuse.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["To","date",",","scientists","have","invented","two","ways","of","making","plasmas","hot","enough","to","fuse","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The first type of reactor uses a magnetic field to squeeze a plasma in a donut-shaped chamber where the reactions take place.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","first","type","of","reactor","uses","a","magnetic","field","to","squeeze","a","plasma","in","a","donut","-","shaped","chamber","where","the","reactions","take","place","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These magnetic confinement reactors, such as the ITER reactor in France, use superconducting electromagnets cooled with liquid helium","spans":[{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["These","magnetic","confinement","reactors",",","such","as","the","ITER","reactor","in","France",",","use","superconducting","electromagnets","cooled","with","liquid","helium"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6]}
{"text":"The second type, called inertial confinement, uses pulses from super-powered lasers to heat the surface of a pellet of fuel,","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","second","type",",","called","inertial","confinement",",","uses","pulses","from","super","-","powered","lasers","to","heat","the","surface","of","a","pellet","of","fuel",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In fact, one of the most powerful lasers in the world is used for fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility in the US.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":24,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","one","of","the","most","powerful","lasers","in","the","world","is","used","for","fusion","experiments","at","the","National","Ignition","Facility","in","the","US","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These experiments, and others like them around the world, are today just experiments.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["These","experiments",",","and","others","like","them","around","the","world",",","are","today","just","experiments","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Scientists are still developing the technology.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Scientists","are","still","developing","the","technology","."],"tags":[1,15,13,27,5,6,0]}
{"text":"And although they can achieve fusion right now, it costs more energy to do the experiment than they produce in fusion.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":89,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["And","although","they","can","achieve","fusion","right","now",",","it","costs","more","energy","to","do","the","experiment","than","they","produce","in","fusion","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,25,5,6,1,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The technology has a long way to go before it's commercially viable.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","technology","has","a","long","way","to","go","before","it","'s","commercially","viable","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It might just be impossible to make a viable fusion reactor on Earth.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","might","just","be","impossible","to","make","a","viable","fusion","reactor","on","Earth","."],"tags":[3,15,13,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But if it gets there, it would be so efficient that a single glass of seawater could be used to produce as much energy as burning a barrel of oil, with no waste to speak of.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":172,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":37,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","if","it","gets","there",",","it","would","be","so","efficient","that","a","single","glass","of","seawater","could","be","used","to","produce","as","much","energy","as","burning","a","barrel","of","oil",",","with","no","waste","to","speak","of","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This is because fusion reactors would use hydrogen or helium as fuel, and seawater is loaded with hydrogen.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","because","fusion","reactors","would","use","hydrogen","or","helium","as","fuel",",","and","seawater","is","loaded","with","hydrogen","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But not just any hydrogen will do.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","not","just","any","hydrogen","will","do","."],"tags":[0,37,13,1,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"Specific isotopes with extra neutrons, called deuterium and tritium, are needed to make the right reactions.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":107,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Specific","isotopes","with","extra","neutrons",",","called","deuterium","and","tritium",",","are","needed","to","make","the","right","reactions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Deuterium is stable and can be found in abundance in seawater, though tritium is a bit trickier.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Deuterium","is","stable","and","can","be","found","in","abundance","in","seawater",",","though","tritium","is","a","bit","trickier","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's radioactive, and there may only be 20 kilograms of it in the world, mostly in nuclear warheads, which makes it incredibly expensive.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":136,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":26,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","'s","radioactive",",","and","there","may","only","be","20","kilograms","of","it","in","the","world",",","mostly","in","nuclear","warheads",",","which","makes","it","incredibly","expensive","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So we may need another fusion buddy for deuterium instead of tritium.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","we","may","need","another","fusion","buddy","for","deuterium","instead","of","tritium","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Helium-3, an isotope of helium, might be a great substitute.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Helium-3",",","an","isotope","of","helium",",","might","be","a","great","substitute","."],"tags":[1,0,39,40,40,40,0,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, it's also incredibly rare on Earth.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","it","'s","also","incredibly","rare","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,13,11,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But here, the Moon might have the answer.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","here",",","the","Moon","might","have","the","answer","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Over billions of years, the solar wind may have built up huge deposits of helium-3 on the Moon.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Over","billions","of","years",",","the","solar","wind","may","have","built","up","huge","deposits","of","helium-3","on","the","Moon","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Instead of making helium-3, we can mine it.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Instead","of","making","helium-3",",","we","can","mine","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"If we could sift the lunar dust for helium, we'd have enough fuel to power the entire world for thousands of years.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":113,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","we","could","sift","the","lunar","dust","for","helium",",","we","'d","have","enough","fuel","to","power","the","entire","world","for","thousands","of","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Okay, maybe you think building a mini-Sun still sounds kind of dangerous.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Okay",",","maybe","you","think","building","a","mini","-","Sun","still","sounds","kind","of","dangerous","."],"tags":[0,0,13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But they'd actually be much safer than most other types of power plant.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","they","'d","actually","be","much","safer","than","most","other","types","of","power","plant","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A fusion reactor is not like a nuclear plant, which can melt down catastrophically.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","fusion","reactor","is","not","like","a","nuclear","plant",",","which","can","melt","down","catastrophically","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If the confinement failed, then the plasma would expand and cool, and the reaction would stop.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","the","confinement","failed",",","then","the","plasma","would","expand","and","cool",",","and","the","reaction","would","stop","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,1,2,15,19,0,41,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Put simply, it's not a bomb.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Put","simply",",","it","'s","not","a","bomb","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,21,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The release of radioactive fuel like tritium could pose a threat to the environment.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","release","of","radioactive","fuel","like","tritium","could","pose","a","threat","to","the","environment","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Tritium could bond with oxygen, making radioactive water, which could be dangerous as it seeps into the environment.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Tritium","could","bond","with","oxygen",",","making","radioactive","water",",","which","could","be","dangerous","as","it","seeps","into","the","environment","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Fortunately, there's no more than a few grams of tritium in use at a given time, so a leak would be quickly diluted.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":17,"token_start":14},{"end":115,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":84,"token_end":25,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Fortunately",",","there","'s","no","more","than","a","few","grams","of","tritium","in","use","at","a","given","time",",","so","a","leak","would","be","quickly","diluted","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,14,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So we've just told you that there's nearly unlimited energy to be had, at no expense to the environment, in something as simple as water.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":136,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":28,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","we","'ve","just","told","you","that","there","'s","nearly","unlimited","energy","to","be","had",",","at","no","expense","to","the","environment",",","in","something","as","simple","as","water","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,23,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"So, what's the catch?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So",",","what","'s","the","catch","?"],"tags":[0,0,11,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"We simply don't know if fusion power will ever be commercially viable.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","simply","do","n't","know","if","fusion","power","will","ever","be","commercially","viable","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Even if they work, they might be too expensive to ever build.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Even","if","they","work",",","they","might","be","too","expensive","to","ever","build","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The main drawback is that it's unproven technology.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","main","drawback","is","that","it","'s","unproven","technology","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's a 10 billion dollar gamble, and that money might be better spent on other clean energy that's already proven itself.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","10","billion","dollar","gamble",",","and","that","money","might","be","better","spent","on","other","clean","energy","that","'s","already","proven","itself","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Maybe we should cut our losses.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Maybe","we","should","cut","our","losses","."],"tags":[13,1,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Or maybe, when the payoff is unlimited clean energy for everyone, it might be worth the risk.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":77,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Or","maybe",",","when","the","payoff","is","unlimited","clean","energy","for","everyone",",","it","might","be","worth","the","risk","."],"tags":[0,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Videos like this one take hundreds of hours to make, and are made possible by your contributions on patreon.com.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Videos","like","this","one","take","hundreds","of","hours","to","make",",","and","are","made","possible","by","your","contributions","on","patreon.com","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you want to learn more about global energy, here's a playlist about nuclear energy, fracking, and solar power.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":111,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","learn","more","about","global","energy",",","here","'s","a","playlist","about","nuclear","energy",",","fracking",",","and","solar","power","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Let us know in the comments if there are other technologies you want us to explain.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":82,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","us","know","in","the","comments","if","there","are","other","technologies","you","want","us","to","explain","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Imagine you were alive back in the 1980s and were told that computers would soon take over everything, from shopping to dating and the stock market.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":147,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":26,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","you","were","alive","back","in","the","1980s","and","were","told","that","computers","would","soon","take","over","everything",",","from","shopping","to","dating","and","the","stock","market","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That billions of people would be connected via a kind of web.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["That","billions","of","people","would","be","connected","via","a","kind","of","web","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"That you would own a handheld device orders of magnitude more powerful than supercomputers.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["That","you","would","own","a","handheld","device","orders","of","magnitude","more","powerful","than","supercomputers","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It would seem absurd, but then all of it happened.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","would","seem","absurd",",","but","then","all","of","it","happened","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Science fiction became our reality and we don't even think about it.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Science","fiction","became","our","reality","and","we","do","n't","even","think","about","it","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We're at a similar point today with genetic engineering.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","'re","at","a","similar","point","today","with","genetic","engineering","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,13,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So let's talk about it.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","let","'s","talk","about","it","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Humans have been engineering life for thousands of years.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Humans","have","been","engineering","life","for","thousands","of","years","."],"tags":[1,15,15,27,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Through selective breeding, we strengthened useful traits in plants and animals.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Through","selective","breeding",",","we","strengthened","useful","traits","in","plants","and","animals","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We became very good at this, but never truly understood how it works.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","became","very","good","at","this",",","but","never","truly","understood","how","it","works","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Until we discovered the Code of Life, Deoxyribonucleic Acid, DNA.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Until","we","discovered","the","Code","of","Life",",","Deoxyribonucleic","Acid",",","DNA","."],"tags":[0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"Four nucleotides are paired and make up a code that carries instructions.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Four","nucleotides","are","paired","and","make","up","a","code","that","carries","instructions","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Change the instructions and you change the being carrying it.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Change","the","instructions","and","you","change","the","being","carrying","it","."],"tags":[19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As soon as DNA was discovered, people tried to tinker with it.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["As","soon","as","DNA","was","discovered",",","people","tried","to","tinker","with","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In the 1960s, scientists bombarded plants with radiation to cause random mutations in the genetic code.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","the","1960s",",","scientists","bombarded","plants","with","radiation","to","cause","random","mutations","in","the","genetic","code","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,23,5,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The idea was to get a useful plant variation by pure chance.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","idea","was","to","get","a","useful","plant","variation","by","pure","chance","."],"tags":[11,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Sometimes it actually worked too.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Sometimes","it","actually","worked","too","."],"tags":[13,1,13,23,13,0]}
{"text":"In the 70s, scientists inserted DNA snippets into bacteria, plants and animals to study and modify them.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","the","70s",",","scientists","inserted","DNA","snippets","into","bacteria",",","plants","and","animals","to","study","and","modify","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The earliest genetically modified animal was born in 1974.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","earliest","genetically","modified","animal","was","born","in","1974","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"In the 80s, we got commercial.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","the","80s",",","we","got","commercial","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The first patent was given for a microbe engineered to absorb oil.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","first","patent","was","given","for","a","microbe","engineered","to","absorb","oil","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Today, we produce many chemicals by means of engineered life.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Today",",","we","produce","many","chemicals","by","means","of","engineered","life","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The first food modified in the lab went on sale in 1994.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","first","food","modified","in","the","lab","went","on","sale","in","1994","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But GM food and the controversy surrounding them deserve a video of their own.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","GM","food","and","the","controversy","surrounding","them","deserve","a","video","of","their","own","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In the 1990s, there was also a brief foray into human engineering.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","the","1990s",",","there","was","also","a","brief","foray","into","human","engineering","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"To treat maternal infertility, babies were made that carried genetic information from three humans.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["To","treat","maternal","infertility",",","babies","were","made","that","carried","genetic","information","from","three","humans","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Today, there are super muscled pigs, fast growing salmon, featherless chickens and see-through frogs.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":100,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Today",",","there","are","super","muscled","pigs",",","fast","growing","salmon",",","featherless","chickens","and","see","-","through","frogs","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"On the fun side, we made things glow in the dark.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["On","the","fun","side",",","we","made","things","glow","in","the","dark","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Fluorescent zebrafish are available for as little as $10.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Fluorescent","zebrafish","are","available","for","as","little","as","$","10","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"All of this is already very impressive.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["All","of","this","is","already","very","impressive","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"But until recently, gene editing was extremely expensive, complicated and took a long time to do.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":96,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","until","recently",",","gene","editing","was","extremely","expensive",",","complicated","and","took","a","long","time","to","do","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This has now changed with a revolutionary new technology now entering the stage.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","has","now","changed","with","a","revolutionary","new","technology","now","entering","the","stage","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Overnight, the costs of engineering have shrunk by 99%.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Overnight",",","the","costs","of","engineering","have","shrunk","by","99","%","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Instead of a year, it takes a few weeks to conduct experiments and basically everybody with a lab can do it.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Instead","of","a","year",",","it","takes","a","few","weeks","to","conduct","experiments","and","basically","everybody","with","a","lab","can","do","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,25,5,6,6,1,2,2,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's hard to get across how big a technical revolution CRISPR is.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","hard","to","get","across","how","big","a","technical","revolution","CRISPR","is","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It literally has the potential to change humanity forever.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","literally","has","the","potential","to","change","humanity","forever","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Why did this sudden revolution happen and how does it work?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Why","did","this","sudden","revolution","happen","and","how","does","it","work","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,2,19,0,3,4,4,4,0]}
{"text":"Bacteria and viruses have been fighting since the dawn of life.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Bacteria","and","viruses","have","been","fighting","since","the","dawn","of","life","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So-called bacteriophages or phages hunt bacteria.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","-","called","bacteriophages","or","phages","hunt","bacteria","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,0]}
{"text":"In the ocean, phages kill 40% of them every single day.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","the","ocean",",","phages","kill","40","%","of","them","every","single","day","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Phages do this by inserting their own genetic code into the bacteria and taking them over to use them as factories.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Phages","do","this","by","inserting","their","own","genetic","code","into","the","bacteria","and","taking","them","over","to","use","them","as","factories","."],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The bacteria try to resist but fail most of the time because their protection tools are too weak.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":96,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","bacteria","try","to","resist","but","fail","most","of","the","time","because","their","protection","tools","are","too","weak","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But sometimes, bacteria survive an attack.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","sometimes",",","bacteria","survive","an","attack","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Only if they do so can they activate their most effective antivirus system.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Only","if","they","do","so","can","they","activate","their","most","effective","antivirus","system","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They save a part of the virus DNA in their own genetic code in a DNA archive called CRISPR.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["They","save","a","part","of","the","virus","DNA","in","their","own","genetic","code","in","a","DNA","archive","called","CRISPR","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"When the virus attacks again, the bacterium quickly makes an RNA copy from the DNA archive and arms a secret weapon, a protein called Cas9.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":90,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":138,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":95,"token_end":26,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["When","the","virus","attacks","again",",","the","bacterium","quickly","makes","an","RNA","copy","from","the","DNA","archive","and","arms","a","secret","weapon",",","a","protein","called","Cas9","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,13,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The protein now scans the bacterium's insides for signs of the virus invader by comparing every bit of DNA it finds to the sample from the archive.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":27,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","protein","now","scans","the","bacterium","'s","insides","for","signs","of","the","virus","invader","by","comparing","every","bit","of","DNA","it","finds","to","the","sample","from","the","archive","."],"tags":[1,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When it finds a 100% perfect match, it's activated and cuts out the virus DNA, making it useless, protecting the bacterium against the attack.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":141,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":28,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["When","it","finds","a","100","%","perfect","match",",","it","'s","activated","and","cuts","out","the","virus","DNA",",","making","it","useless",",","protecting","the","bacterium","against","the","attack","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"What's special is that Cas9 is very precise, almost like a DNA surgeon.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","'s","special","is","that","Cas9","is","very","precise",",","almost","like","a","DNA","surgeon","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The revolution began when scientists figured out that the CRISPR system is programmable.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","revolution","began","when","scientists","figured","out","that","the","CRISPR","system","is","programmable","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You can just give it a copy of DNA you want to modify and put the system into a living cell.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["You","can","just","give","it","a","copy","of","DNA","you","want","to","modify","and","put","the","system","into","a","living","cell","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If the old techniques of genetic manipulation were like a map, CRISPR is like a GPS system.","spans":[{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","the","old","techniques","of","genetic","manipulation","were","like","a","map",",","CRISPR","is","like","a","GPS","system","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Aside from being precise, cheap and easy, CRISPR offers the ability to edit live cells, to switch genes on and off and target and study particular DNA sequences.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":159,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":30,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Aside","from","being","precise",",","cheap","and","easy",",","CRISPR","offers","the","ability","to","edit","live","cells",",","to","switch","genes","on","and","off","and","target","and","study","particular","DNA","sequences","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It also works for every type of cell, microorganisms, plants, animals or humans.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","also","works","for","every","type","of","cell",",","microorganisms",",","plants",",","animals","or","humans","."],"tags":[1,13,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But despite the revolution CRISPR is for science, it's still just a first-generation tool.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","despite","the","revolution","CRISPR","is","for","science",",","it","'s","still","just","a","first","-","generation","tool","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"More precise tools are already being created and used as we speak.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["More","precise","tools","are","already","being","created","and","used","as","we","speak","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In 2015, scientists used CRISPR to cut the HIV virus out of living cells from patients in the lab, proving that it was possible.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":19,"token_start":6},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":25,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["In","2015",",","scientists","used","CRISPR","to","cut","the","HIV","virus","out","of","living","cells","from","patients","in","the","lab",",","proving","that","it","was","possible","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,23,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Only about a year later, they carried out a larger scale project with rats that had the HIV virus in basically all of their body cells.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":134,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":26,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Only","about","a","year","later",",","they","carried","out","a","larger","scale","project","with","rats","that","had","the","HIV","virus","in","basically","all","of","their","body","cells","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"By simply injecting CRISPR into the rats' tails, they were able to remove more than 50% of the virus from cells all over the body.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":23,"token_start":15},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":27,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["By","simply","injecting","CRISPR","into","the","rats","'","tails",",","they","were","able","to","remove","more","than","50","%","of","the","virus","from","cells","all","over","the","body","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In a few decades, a CRISPR therapy might cure HIV.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","a","few","decades",",","a","CRISPR","therapy","might","cure","HIV","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"And other retroviruses, viruses that hide inside human DNA like herpes, could be eradicated this way.","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":91,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["And","other","retroviruses",",","viruses","that","hide","inside","human","DNA","like","herpes",",","could","be","eradicated","this","way","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"CRISPR could also defeat one of our worst enemies, cancer.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["CRISPR","could","also","defeat","one","of","our","worst","enemies",",","cancer","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Cancer occurs when cells refuse to die and keep multiplying while concealing themselves from the immune system.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Cancer","occurs","when","cells","refuse","to","die","and","keep","multiplying","while","concealing","themselves","from","the","immune","system","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"CRISPR gives us the means to edit your immune cells and make them better cancer hunters.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":86,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["CRISPR","gives","us","the","means","to","edit","your","immune","cells","and","make","them","better","cancer","hunters","."],"tags":[1,25,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"Getting rid of cancer might eventually mean getting just a couple of injections of a few thousand of your own cells that have been engineered in the lab to heal you for good.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":173,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":32,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Getting","rid","of","cancer","might","eventually","mean","getting","just","a","couple","of","injections","of","a","few","thousand","of","your","own","cells","that","have","been","engineered","in","the","lab","to","heal","you","for","good","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The first clinical trial for a CRISPR cancer treatment on human patients was approved in early 2016 in the US.","spans":[{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["The","first","clinical","trial","for","a","CRISPR","cancer","treatment","on","human","patients","was","approved","in","early","2016","in","the","US","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Not even a month later, Chinese scientists announced that they would treat lung cancer patients with immune cells modified with CRISPR in August 2016.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":149,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Not","even","a","month","later",",","Chinese","scientists","announced","that","they","would","treat","lung","cancer","patients","with","immune","cells","modified","with","CRISPR","in","August","2016","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Things are picking up pace quickly.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Things","are","picking","up","pace","quickly","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,13,0]}
{"text":"And then there are genetic diseases.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","then","there","are","genetic","diseases","."],"tags":[0,13,3,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"There are thousands of them and they range from mildly annoying to deadly or entail decades of suffering.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["There","are","thousands","of","them","and","they","range","from","mildly","annoying","to","deadly","or","entail","decades","of","suffering","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"With a powerful tool like CRISPR, we may be able to end this.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["With","a","powerful","tool","like","CRISPR",",","we","may","be","able","to","end","this","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,17,18,18,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Over 3,000 genetic diseases are caused by a single incorrect letter in your DNA.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Over","3,000","genetic","diseases","are","caused","by","a","single","incorrect","letter","in","your","DNA","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We are already building a modified version of Cas9 that is made to change just a single letter, fixing the disease in the cell.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":125,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":24,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","are","already","building","a","modified","version","of","Cas9","that","is","made","to","change","just","a","single","letter",",","fixing","the","disease","in","the","cell","."],"tags":[1,15,13,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In a decade or two, we could possibly cure thousands of diseases forever.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","a","decade","or","two",",","we","could","possibly","cure","thousands","of","diseases","forever","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,13,0]}
{"text":"But all of these medical applications have one thing in common.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","all","of","these","medical","applications","have","one","thing","in","common","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"They are limited to the individual and die with them, except if you use them on reproductive cells or very early embryos.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["They","are","limited","to","the","individual","and","die","with","them",",","except","if","you","use","them","on","reproductive","cells","or","very","early","embryos","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The means to edit the genome of a human embryo already exists, though the technology is still in its early stages.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","means","to","edit","the","genome","of","a","human","embryo","already","exists",",","though","the","technology","is","still","in","its","early","stages","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,25,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But it has already been attempted twice.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","it","has","already","been","attempted","twice","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,15,29,13,0]}
{"text":"In 2015 and 2016, Chinese scientists experimented with human embryos and were partially successful on their second attempt.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","2015","and","2016",",","Chinese","scientists","experimented","with","human","embryos","and","were","partially","successful","on","their","second","attempt","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They showed the enormous challenges we still face in gene editing embryos, but also that scientists are working on solving them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":126,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","showed","the","enormous","challenges","we","still","face","in","gene","editing","embryos",",","but","also","that","scientists","are","working","on","solving","them","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is like the computer in the 70s.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","like","the","computer","in","the","70s","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There will be better computers.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","will","be","better","computers","."],"tags":[3,15,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Regardless of your personal take on genetic engineering, it will affect you.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":65,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Regardless","of","your","personal","take","on","genetic","engineering",",","it","will","affect","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Modified humans could alter the genome of our entire species because their engineered traits will be passed on to their children","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Modified","humans","could","alter","the","genome","of","our","entire","species","because","their","engineered","traits","will","be","passed","on","to","their","children"],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14]}
{"text":"It will start slowly.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","will","start","slowly","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,0]}
{"text":"The first designer babies will not be overly designed.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","first","designer","babies","will","not","be","overly","designed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,37,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"It's most likely that they will be created to eliminate a deadly genetic disease running in a family.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":100,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","most","likely","that","they","will","be","created","to","eliminate","a","deadly","genetic","disease","running","in","a","family","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"As the technology progresses and gets more refined, more and more people may argue that not using genetic modification is unethical","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":131,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["As","the","technology","progresses","and","gets","more","refined",",","more","and","more","people","may","argue","that","not","using","genetic","modification","is","unethical"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6]}
{"text":"because it condemns children to preventable suffering and death and denies them the cure.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["because","it","condemns","children","to","preventable","suffering","and","death","and","denies","them","the","cure","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But as soon as the first engineered kid is born, a door is opened that can't be closed anymore.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","as","soon","as","the","first","engineered","kid","is","born",",","a","door","is","opened","that","ca","n't","be","closed","anymore","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Early on, vanity traits will mostly be left alone.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Early","on",",","vanity","traits","will","mostly","be","left","alone","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,13,15,29,13,0]}
{"text":"But as genetic modification becomes more accepted and our knowledge of our genetic code enhances, the temptation will grow.","spans":[{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":14,"token_start":1},{"end":112,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":117,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":113,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":122,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":118,"token_end":19,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["But","as","genetic","modification","becomes","more","accepted","and","our","knowledge","of","our","genetic","code","enhances",",","the","temptation","will","grow","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"Huge changes are made as a result of the personal decisions of millions of individuals that accumulate.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Huge","changes","are","made","as","a","result","of","the","personal","decisions","of","millions","of","individuals","that","accumulate","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is a slippery slope.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","a","slippery","slope","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Modified humans could become the new standard.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Modified","humans","could","become","the","new","standard","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But as engineering becomes more normal and our knowledge improves, we could solve the single biggest mortality risk factor, aging.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":76,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":129,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","as","engineering","becomes","more","normal","and","our","knowledge","improves",",","we","could","solve","the","single","biggest","mortality","risk","factor",",","aging","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Two-thirds of the 150,000 people who die today will die of age-related causes.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Two","-","thirds","of","the","150,000","people","who","die","today","will","die","of","age","-","related","causes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Currently, we think aging is caused by the accumulation of damage to our cells, like DNA breaks and the systems responsible for fixing those wearing off over time.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":162,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":29,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Currently",",","we","think","aging","is","caused","by","the","accumulation","of","damage","to","our","cells",",","like","DNA","breaks","and","the","systems","responsible","for","fixing","those","wearing","off","over","time","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But there are also genes that directly affect aging.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","there","are","also","genes","that","directly","affect","aging","."],"tags":[0,3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"A combination of genetic engineering and other therapy could stop or slow down aging, maybe even reverse it.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":61,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["A","combination","of","genetic","engineering","and","other","therapy","could","stop","or","slow","down","aging",",","maybe","even","reverse","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We know from nature that there are animals immune to aging.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","know","from","nature","that","there","are","animals","immune","to","aging","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Maybe we could even borrow a few genes for ourselves.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Maybe","we","could","even","borrow","a","few","genes","for","ourselves","."],"tags":[13,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Some scientists even think biological aging could be something that eventually just stops being a thing.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Some","scientists","even","think","biological","aging","could","be","something","that","eventually","just","stops","being","a","thing","."],"tags":[1,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We would still die at some point, but instead of doing so in hospitals at age 90, we might be able to spend a few thousand years with our loved ones.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":32,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","would","still","die","at","some","point",",","but","instead","of","doing","so","in","hospitals","at","age","90",",","we","might","be","able","to","spend","a","few","thousand","years","with","our","loved","ones","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Research into this is in its infancy.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Research","into","this","is","in","its","infancy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And many scientists are rightly skeptical about the end of aging.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","many","scientists","are","rightly","skeptical","about","the","end","of","aging","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The challenges are enormous and maybe it is unachievable.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","challenges","are","enormous","and","maybe","it","is","unachievable","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But it is conceivable that people alive today might be the first to profit from effective anti-aging therapy.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":108,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","is","conceivable","that","people","alive","today","might","be","the","first","to","profit","from","effective","anti","-","aging","therapy","."],"tags":[0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"All we might need is for someone to convince a smart billionaire to make it their next problem to solve.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":103,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","we","might","need","is","for","someone","to","convince","a","smart","billionaire","to","make","it","their","next","problem","to","solve","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,21,13,14,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"On a bigger scale, we certainly could solve many problems by having a modified population.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["On","a","bigger","scale",",","we","certainly","could","solve","many","problems","by","having","a","modified","population","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,13,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Engineered humans might be better equipped to cope with high-energy food, eliminating many diseases of civilization like obesity.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":127,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Engineered","humans","might","be","better","equipped","to","cope","with","high","-","energy","food",",","eliminating","many","diseases","of","civilization","like","obesity","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In possession of a modified immune system with a library of potential threats, we might become immune to most diseases that haunt us today.","spans":[{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":93,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":88,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":137,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":24,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["In","possession","of","a","modified","immune","system","with","a","library","of","potential","threats",",","we","might","become","immune","to","most","diseases","that","haunt","us","today","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Even further into the future, we could engineer humans to be equipped for extended space travel and to cope with different conditions on other planets.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":150,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":25,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Even","further","into","the","future",",","we","could","engineer","humans","to","be","equipped","for","extended","space","travel","and","to","cope","with","different","conditions","on","other","planets","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Still, a few major challenges await us.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Still",",","a","few","major","challenges","await","us","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Many of you watching will feel uncomfortable and fear that we will create a world in which we will reject non-perfect humans and pre-select features and qualities based on our idea of what's healthy.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":198,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":38,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Many","of","you","watching","will","feel","uncomfortable","and","fear","that","we","will","create","a","world","in","which","we","will","reject","non","-","perfect","humans","and","pre","-","select","features","and","qualities","based","on","our","idea","of","what","'s","healthy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The thing is, we are already living in this world.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","thing","is",",","we","are","already","living","in","this","world","."],"tags":[1,2,21,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Tests for dozens of genetic diseases or complications have become standard for pregnant women in much of the world.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Tests","for","dozens","of","genetic","diseases","or","complications","have","become","standard","for","pregnant","women","in","much","of","the","world","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Often the mere suspicion of a genetic defect can lead to the end of a pregnancy.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Often","the","mere","suspicion","of","a","genetic","defect","can","lead","to","the","end","of","a","pregnancy","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Take Down syndrome for example, one of the most common genetic defects.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Take","Down","syndrome","for","example",",","one","of","the","most","common","genetic","defects","."],"tags":[19,5,6,35,36,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In Europe, about 92% of all pregnancies where it's detected are terminated.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":12,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","Europe",",","about","92","%","of","all","pregnancies","where","it","'s","detected","are","terminated","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"The decision to terminate a pregnancy is incredibly personal, but it's important to acknowledge the reality that we are pre-selecting humans based on medical conditions.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":168,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":28,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","decision","to","terminate","a","pregnancy","is","incredibly","personal",",","but","it","'s","important","to","acknowledge","the","reality","that","we","are","pre","-","selecting","humans","based","on","medical","conditions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There is also no use in pretending this will change, so we have to act carefully and respectfully as we advance the technology and can make more and more selections.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":164,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":30,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["There","is","also","no","use","in","pretending","this","will","change",",","so","we","have","to","act","carefully","and","respectfully","as","we","advance","the","technology","and","can","make","more","and","more","selections","."],"tags":[3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But none of this will happen soon.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","none","of","this","will","happen","soon","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,19,13,0]}
{"text":"As powerful as CRISPR is, and it is, it's not infallible yet.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":44,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["As","powerful","as","CRISPR","is",",","and","it","is",",","it","'s","not","infallible","yet","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,37,11,13,0]}
{"text":"Wrong edits still happen, as well as unknown errors that can occur anywhere in the DNA and might go unnoticed.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Wrong","edits","still","happen",",","as","well","as","unknown","errors","that","can","occur","anywhere","in","the","DNA","and","might","go","unnoticed","."],"tags":[1,2,13,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The gene edit might achieve the desired result, disabling a disease, but also might accidentally trigger unwanted changes.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","gene","edit","might","achieve","the","desired","result",",","disabling","a","disease",",","but","also","might","accidentally","trigger","unwanted","changes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We just don't know enough yet about the complex interplay of our genes to avoid unpredictable consequences.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","just","do","n't","know","enough","yet","about","the","complex","interplay","of","our","genes","to","avoid","unpredictable","consequences","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,19,5,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Working on accuracy and monitoring methods is a major concern as the first human trials begin.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Working","on","accuracy","and","monitoring","methods","is","a","major","concern","as","the","first","human","trials","begin","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And since we've discussed a possible positive future, there are darker visions too.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["And","since","we","'ve","discussed","a","possible","positive","future",",","there","are","darker","visions","too","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,13,0]}
{"text":"Imagine what a state like North Korea could do if they embraced genetic engineering.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","what","a","state","like","North","Korea","could","do","if","they","embraced","genetic","engineering","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Could a state cement its rule forever by forcing gene editing on their subjects?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Could","a","state","cement","its","rule","forever","by","forcing","gene","editing","on","their","subjects","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,19,5,6,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What would stop a totalitarian regime from engineering an army of modified super soldiers?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":89,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["What","would","stop","a","totalitarian","regime","from","engineering","an","army","of","modified","super","soldiers","?"],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"It is doable in theory.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","is","doable","in","theory","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Scenarios like this one are far, far off into the future, if they ever become possible at all.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Scenarios","like","this","one","are","far",",","far","off","into","the","future",",","if","they","ever","become","possible","at","all","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The basic proof of concept for genetic engineering like this already exists today.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":69,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","basic","proof","of","concept","for","genetic","engineering","like","this","already","exists","today","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,25,13,0]}
{"text":"The technology really is that powerful.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","technology","really","is","that","powerful","."],"tags":[1,2,13,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"While this might be a tempting reason to ban genetic editing and related research, that would certainly be a mistake.","spans":[{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":88,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":105,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":104,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":115,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":20,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["While","this","might","be","a","tempting","reason","to","ban","genetic","editing","and","related","research",",","that","would","certainly","be","a","mistake","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Banning human genetic engineering would only lead to the science wandering off to a place with jurisdiction and rules that we're uncomfortable with.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":146,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":23,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Banning","human","genetic","engineering","would","only","lead","to","the","science","wandering","off","to","a","place","with","jurisdiction","and","rules","that","we","'re","uncomfortable","with","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Only by participating can we make sure that further research is guided by caution, reason, oversight and transparency.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":117,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Only","by","participating","can","we","make","sure","that","further","research","is","guided","by","caution",",","reason",",","oversight","and","transparency","."],"tags":[13,14,14,15,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Do you feel uncomfortable now?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Do","you","feel","uncomfortable","now","?"],"tags":[15,1,21,11,13,0]}
{"text":"Most of us have something wrong with them.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Most","of","us","have","something","wrong","with","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In the future that lies ahead of us, would we have been allowed to exist?","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":72,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","the","future","that","lies","ahead","of","us",",","would","we","have","been","allowed","to","exist","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,15,1,15,15,29,33,34,0]}
{"text":"The technology is certainly a bit scary, but we have a lot to gain and genetic engineering might just be a step in the natural evolution of intelligent species in the universe.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":175,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":32,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","technology","is","certainly","a","bit","scary",",","but","we","have","a","lot","to","gain","and","genetic","engineering","might","just","be","a","step","in","the","natural","evolution","of","intelligent","species","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We might end disease.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","might","end","disease","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"We could extend our life expectancy by centuries and travel to the stars.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":72,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","could","extend","our","life","expectancy","by","centuries","and","travel","to","the","stars","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There's no need to think small when it comes to this topic.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","no","need","to","think","small","when","it","comes","to","this","topic","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Whatever your opinion on genetic engineering, the future is approaching no matter what.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Whatever","your","opinion","on","genetic","engineering",",","the","future","is","approaching","no","matter","what","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,27,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What has been insane science fiction is about to become our new reality.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["What","has","been","insane","science","fiction","is","about","to","become","our","new","reality","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"If you want to support us explaining complicated stuff and maybe get your own bird in return, you can do so here.","spans":[{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":96,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":100,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":98,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":103,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":102,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":108,"token_end":22,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","support","us","explaining","complicated","stuff","and","maybe","get","your","own","bird","in","return",",","you","can","do","so","here","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,0]}
{"text":"If you want to learn more about CRISPR, we put the sources and further reading in the description.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","learn","more","about","CRISPR",",","we","put","the","sources","and","further","reading","in","the","description","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"More videos about the whole topic area will follow.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["More","videos","about","the","whole","topic","area","will","follow","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"If you want to be notified when it happens, you can follow us here.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","be","notified","when","it","happens",",","you","can","follow","us","here","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,13,0]}
{"text":"Along with other diseases, it plays host to malaria, one of the cruelest parasites on Earth.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Along","with","other","diseases",",","it","plays","host","to","malaria",",","one","of","the","cruelest","parasites","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In 2015 alone, hundreds of millions were infected and almost half a million people died.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","2015","alone",",","hundreds","of","millions","were","infected","and","almost","half","a","million","people","died","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A new technology could help us eradicate malaria forever.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","new","technology","could","help","us","eradicate","malaria","forever","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But to do so, we need to engineer a whole animal population.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","to","do","so",",","we","need","to","engineer","a","whole","animal","population","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is not a hypothetical problem, the modified mosquitoes already exist in a lab.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","not","a","hypothetical","problem",",","the","modified","mosquitoes","already","exist","in","a","lab","."],"tags":[3,21,37,11,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Should we use the technology and is malaria bad enough to risk it?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Should","we","use","the","technology","and","is","malaria","bad","enough","to","risk","it","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Malaria is caused by a group of microorganisms, Plasmodia.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Malaria","is","caused","by","a","group","of","microorganisms",",","Plasmodia","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They're parasites that completely rely on mosquitoes.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","'re","parasites","that","completely","rely","on","mosquitoes","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Malaria always starts with an insect bite.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Malaria","always","starts","with","an","insect","bite","."],"tags":[1,13,25,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In its salivary glands, thousands of sporozoites wait until the insect penetrates your skin.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","its","salivary","glands",",","thousands","of","sporozoites","wait","until","the","insect","penetrates","your","skin","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Immediately after invading you, they head for the liver, where they quietly enter big cells and hide from the immune system.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":123,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Immediately","after","invading","you",",","they","head","for","the","liver",",","where","they","quietly","enter","big","cells","and","hide","from","the","immune","system","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For up to a month, they stay here in stealth mode, consuming the cells alive and changing into their next form, small, drop-like mirrozoites.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":29,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["For","up","to","a","month",",","they","stay","here","in","stealth","mode",",","consuming","the","cells","alive","and","changing","into","their","next","form",",","small",",","drop","-","like","mirrozoites","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They multiply, generating thousands of themselves and then burst out of the cells.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["They","multiply",",","generating","thousands","of","themselves","and","then","burst","out","of","the","cells","."],"tags":[1,19,0,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So thousands of parasites head into the bloodstream to look for their next victims, red blood cells.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","thousands","of","parasites","head","into","the","bloodstream","to","look","for","their","next","victims",",","red","blood","cells","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To stay unnoticed, they wrap themselves in the membranes of the cells they killed.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["To","stay","unnoticed",",","they","wrap","themselves","in","the","membranes","of","the","cells","they","killed","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Imagine that, killing someone from the inside and then taking their skin as camouflage.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","that",",","killing","someone","from","the","inside","and","then","taking","their","skin","as","camouflage","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They now violently attack red blood cells, multiplying inside them until they burst, then finding more red blood cells, and this cycle repeats over and over.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":20,"token_start":8},{"end":156,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":124,"token_end":28,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["They","now","violently","attack","red","blood","cells",",","multiplying","inside","them","until","they","burst",",","then","finding","more","red","blood","cells",",","and","this","cycle","repeats","over","and","over","."],"tags":[1,13,13,19,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Pieces of dead cells spread lots of toxic waste material, which activates a powerful immune response, causing flu-like symptoms.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":126,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":22,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Pieces","of","dead","cells","spread","lots","of","toxic","waste","material",",","which","activates","a","powerful","immune","response",",","causing","flu","-","like","symptoms","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Among the symptoms are high fever, sweats and chills, convulsions, headaches and sometimes vomiting and diarrhea.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":112,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Among","the","symptoms","are","high","fever",",","sweats","and","chills",",","convulsions",",","headaches","and","sometimes","vomiting","and","diarrhea","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"If malaria breaches the blood-brain barrier, it can cause coma, neurological damage or death.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","malaria","breaches","the","blood","-","brain","barrier",",","it","can","cause","coma",",","neurological","damage","or","death","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The parasites are ready for evacuation now.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","parasites","are","ready","for","evacuation","now","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,13,0]}
{"text":"When another mosquito bites the infected human, they get a ride.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["When","another","mosquito","bites","the","infected","human",",","they","get","a","ride","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The cycle can start over.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","cycle","can","start","over","."],"tags":[1,2,15,31,32,0]}
{"text":"In 2015, the Zika virus, which causes horrible birth defects if it infects pregnant women, spread rapidly into new areas around the globe.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":89,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":16,"token_start":3},{"end":97,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":91,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":25,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["In","2015",",","the","Zika","virus",",","which","causes","horrible","birth","defects","if","it","infects","pregnant","women",",","spread","rapidly","into","new","areas","around","the","globe","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,23,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It, too, is carried by a mosquito.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It",",","too",",","is","carried","by","a","mosquito","."],"tags":[1,0,13,0,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The mosquito is the perfect carrier for human diseases.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","mosquito","is","the","perfect","carrier","for","human","diseases","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They've been around for at least 200 million years.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","'ve","been","around","for","at","least","200","million","years","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There are trillions of them, and a single one can lay up to 300 eggs at a time.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["There","are","trillions","of","them",",","and","a","single","one","can","lay","up","to","300","eggs","at","a","time","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They are practically impossible to eradicate and the perfect parasite taxi.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","practically","impossible","to","eradicate","and","the","perfect","parasite","taxi","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But today we have new revolutionary technology that could enable us to finally win the war against them.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","today","we","have","new","revolutionary","technology","that","could","enable","us","to","finally","win","the","war","against","them","."],"tags":[0,13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For the first time in human history, we have the tools to make fast, large-scale changes to entire species, changing their genetic information as we please.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":154,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":30,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["For","the","first","time","in","human","history",",","we","have","the","tools","to","make","fast",",","large","-","scale","changes","to","entire","species",",","changing","their","genetic","information","as","we","please","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Using genetic engineering, scientists successfully created a strain of mosquitoes that are immune to the malaria parasite by adding a new antibody gene that specifically targets plasmodium.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":51,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":120,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":17,"token_start":7},{"end":187,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":122,"token_end":27,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Using","genetic","engineering",",","scientists","successfully","created","a","strain","of","mosquitoes","that","are","immune","to","the","malaria","parasite","by","adding","a","new","antibody","gene","that","specifically","targets","plasmodium","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These mosquitoes will never spread malaria.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["These","mosquitoes","will","never","spread","malaria","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,5,0]}
{"text":"But just changing genetic information is not enough.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","just","changing","genetic","information","is","not","enough","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"The edits would only be inherited by half the offspring, because most genes have two versions inside the genome as a fail-safe.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","edits","would","only","be","inherited","by","half","the","offspring",",","because","most","genes","have","two","versions","inside","the","genome","as","a","fail","-","safe","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, after just two generations, at most only half of the offspring would carry the engineered gene.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":73,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So",",","after","just","two","generations",",","at","most","only","half","of","the","offspring","would","carry","the","engineered","gene","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In a population of billions of mosquitoes, they would hardly make a difference.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","a","population","of","billions","of","mosquitoes",",","they","would","hardly","make","a","difference","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"A genetic engineering method called the gene drive solves this problem.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["A","genetic","engineering","method","called","the","gene","drive","solves","this","problem","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"It forces the new gene to become dominant in the following generations, overpowering the old gene almost completely.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["It","forces","the","new","gene","to","become","dominant","in","the","following","generations",",","overpowering","the","old","gene","almost","completely","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Thanks to this twist, 99.5% of all the engineered mosquitoes' offspring will carry the anti-malaria edit.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":13,"token_start":5},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":77,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Thanks","to","this","twist",",","99.5","%","of","all","the","engineered","mosquitoes","'","offspring","will","carry","the","anti","-","malaria","edit","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If we were to release enough engineered mosquitoes into the wild to mate with normal mosquitoes, the malaria-blocking genes would spread extremely quickly.","spans":[{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":122,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":21,"token_start":17},{"end":128,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":124,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":135,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":130,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":153,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":137,"token_end":25,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["If","we","were","to","release","enough","engineered","mosquitoes","into","the","wild","to","mate","with","normal","mosquitoes",",","the","malaria","-","blocking","genes","would","spread","extremely","quickly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"As the new gene becomes a permanent feature of the mosquito population, plasmodium would lose its home base.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":83,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":89,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["As","the","new","gene","becomes","a","permanent","feature","of","the","mosquito","population",",","plasmodium","would","lose","its","home","base","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Scientists hoped that the change would be so fast that they could not adapt to it quickly enough.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Scientists","hoped","that","the","change","would","be","so","fast","that","they","could","not","adapt","to","it","quickly","enough","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Malaria could virtually disappear.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Malaria","could","virtually","disappear","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,0]}
{"text":"If you take into account that nearly half a million children are killed by it every year, about five have died since this video started.","spans":[{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":99,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":19,"token_start":18},{"end":104,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":101,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":109,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":106,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":134,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":111,"token_end":25,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["If","you","take","into","account","that","nearly","half","a","million","children","are","killed","by","it","every","year",",","about","five","have","died","since","this","video","started","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Some scientists argue that we should use the technology sooner rather than later.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","scientists","argue","that","we","should","use","the","technology","sooner","rather","than","later","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The mosquitoes themselves would probably only profit from this.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","mosquitoes","themselves","would","probably","only","profit","from","this","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,13,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"They don't have anything to gain from carrying parasites.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","do","n't","have","anything","to","gain","from","carrying","parasites","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And this might only be the first step.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","this","might","only","be","the","first","step","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Malaria might just be the beginning.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Malaria","might","just","be","the","beginning","."],"tags":[1,15,13,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Different mosquitoes also carry dengue fever and Zika.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Different","mosquitoes","also","carry","dengue","fever","and","Zika","."],"tags":[1,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Ticks transmit Lyme disease.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Ticks","transmit","Lyme","disease","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Flies transmit sleeping sickness.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Flies","transmit","sleeping","sickness","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Fleas transmit the plague.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Fleas","transmit","the","plague","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"We could save millions of lives and prevent suffering on an unbelievable scale.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","could","save","millions","of","lives","and","prevent","suffering","on","an","unbelievable","scale","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, why haven't we done this yet?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So",",","why","have","n't","we","done","this","yet","?"],"tags":[0,0,13,15,37,1,29,5,13,0]}
{"text":"For one, CRISPR editing is barely four years old, so until very recently, we just couldn't do it as fast and easily.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":115,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["For","one",",","CRISPR","editing","is","barely","four","years","old",",","so","until","very","recently",",","we","just","could","n't","do","it","as","fast","and","easily","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And there are valid concerns.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","are","valid","concerns","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Never before have humans consciously changed the genetic code of a free living organism on this scale.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Never","before","have","humans","consciously","changed","the","genetic","code","of","a","free","living","organism","on","this","scale","."],"tags":[37,13,15,1,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Once we do it, there is no going back.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Once","we","do","it",",","there","is","no","going","back","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"So it has to be done right, because there could be unwanted consequences if we set out to edit nature.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","it","has","to","be","done","right",",","because","there","could","be","unwanted","consequences","if","we","set","out","to","edit","nature","."],"tags":[0,1,17,18,15,29,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the specific case of malaria, though, the risk might be acceptable, since the genetic modification doesn't make a big change in the overall genome.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":148,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":28,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["In","the","specific","case","of","malaria",",","though",",","the","risk","might","be","acceptable",",","since","the","genetic","modification","does","n't","make","a","big","change","in","the","overall","genome","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,0,1,2,15,21,11,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It only changes a very specific part.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","only","changes","a","very","specific","part","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The worst case scenario here is probably that it might not work or that the parasite adapts in a negative way.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":109,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","worst","case","scenario","here","is","probably","that","it","might","not","work","or","that","the","parasite","adapts","in","a","negative","way","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There is still much debate.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","is","still","much","debate","."],"tags":[3,21,13,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Technology as powerful as gene drive needs to be handled with a lot of care.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Technology","as","powerful","as","gene","drive","needs","to","be","handled","with","a","lot","of","care","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But at some point, we have to ask ourselves, is it unethical to not use this technology when every day, 1,000 children die?","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":122,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":25,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","at","some","point",",","we","have","to","ask","ourselves",",","is","it","unethical","to","not","use","this","technology","when","every","day",",","1,000","children","die","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,17,18,19,9,0,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"Humanity has to decide how to act on this in the next few years.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Humanity","has","to","decide","how","to","act","on","this","in","the","next","few","years","."],"tags":[1,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The public discussion is way behind the technology in this case.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","public","discussion","is","way","behind","the","technology","in","this","case","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What do you think?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","do","you","think","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"By the end of the 21st century, humanity is becoming desperate.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["By","the","end","of","the","21st","century",",","humanity","is","becoming","desperate","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Decades of heat waves and droughts have led to unusually poor harvests, while the warming oceans yield fewer fish each year.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Decades","of","heat","waves","and","droughts","have","led","to","unusually","poor","harvests",",","while","the","warming","oceans","yield","fewer","fish","each","year","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the tropical zones, millions suffer from famines, and resource wars have made millions more flee to the north.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":112,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","the","tropical","zones",",","millions","suffer","from","famines",",","and","resource","wars","have","made","millions","more","flee","to","the","north","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As things quickly get worse, in an act of desperation, the world's governments decide to enact an emergency plan.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":79,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["As","things","quickly","get","worse",",","in","an","act","of","desperation",",","the","world","'s","governments","decide","to","enact","an","emergency","plan","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's far from certain that a grim scenario like this will play out, but the failure of world leaders to effectively address climate change makes it far from impossible.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":13,"token_start":5},{"end":167,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":30,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["It","'s","far","from","certain","that","a","grim","scenario","like","this","will","play","out",",","but","the","failure","of","world","leaders","to","effectively","address","climate","change","makes","it","far","from","impossible","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, in the near future, it might become necessary to try something radical to slow down rapid climate change.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":108,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So",",","in","the","near","future",",","it","might","become","necessary","to","try","something","radical","to","slow","down","rapid","climate","change","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,0,3,15,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"What is geoengineering? Is it really an option? And what if it goes wrong?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","is","geoengineering","?","Is","it","really","an","option","?","And","what","if","it","goes","wrong","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Geoengineering methods vary from fantastic ones, like constructing giant light sails in space, to seeding clouds with salt,","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":13,"token_start":3},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Geoengineering","methods","vary","from","fantastic","ones",",","like","constructing","giant","light","sails","in","space",",","to","seeding","clouds","with","salt",","],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In this video, we'll focus on an intervention we could see during our lifetimes.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","this","video",",","we","'ll","focus","on","an","intervention","we","could","see","during","our","lifetimes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"CO2 doesn't heat up the planet on its own.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["CO2","does","n't","heat","up","the","planet","on","its","own","."],"tags":[1,15,37,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Almost all of the energy on Earth comes from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Almost","all","of","the","energy","on","Earth","comes","from","the","sun","in","the","form","of","electromagnetic","radiation","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"About 71% of this energy is absorbed by the Earth's surface and atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["About","71","%","of","this","energy","is","absorbed","by","the","Earth","'s","surface","and","atmosphere","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This absorbed energy is emitted again as infrared radiation.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","absorbed","energy","is","emitted","again","as","infrared","radiation","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And CO2 is able to trap this infrared radiation and keep it in the atmosphere for a while.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","CO2","is","able","to","trap","this","infrared","radiation","and","keep","it","in","the","atmosphere","for","a","while","."],"tags":[0,1,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"You can compare this effect with snuggling under a blanket in the morning.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["You","can","compare","this","effect","with","snuggling","under","a","blanket","in","the","morning","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even in a really cold room, your body emits infrared radiation, and the air between your body and the blanket traps it and creates a warm and comfy feeling.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":155,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":30,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Even","in","a","really","cold","room",",","your","body","emits","infrared","radiation",",","and","the","air","between","your","body","and","the","blanket","traps","it","and","creates","a","warm","and","comfy","feeling","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So one way to cool down the planet would be to prevent energy from getting trapped under our planet blanket.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":107,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","one","way","to","cool","down","the","planet","would","be","to","prevent","energy","from","getting","trapped","under","our","planet","blanket","."],"tags":[0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"About 29% of the solar radiation hitting Earth is reflected back to space by bright surfaces like ice, deserts, snow, or clouds.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["About","29","%","of","the","solar","radiation","hitting","Earth","is","reflected","back","to","space","by","bright","surfaces","like","ice",",","deserts",",","snow",",","or","clouds","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We can look at nature for inspiration.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","can","look","at","nature","for","inspiration","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Aside from massive devastation and almost 900 dead, scientists noted its strong impact on the global climate.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Aside","from","massive","devastation","and","almost","900","dead",",","scientists","noted","its","strong","impact","on","the","global","climate","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The explosion ejected millions of tons of particles and gas as high as the stratosphere, which hung around there for a while.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":123,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":22,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","explosion","ejected","millions","of","tons","of","particles","and","gas","as","high","as","the","stratosphere",",","which","hung","around","there","for","a","while","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The stuff that's interesting for geoengineering is sulfur dioxide, a nasty smelling and invisible gas.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","stuff","that","'s","interesting","for","geoengineering","is","sulfur","dioxide",",","a","nasty","smelling","and","invisible","gas","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"High in the atmosphere, it produced a haze of sulfuric acid droplets that mixed with water and created giant veils.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":113,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["High","in","the","atmosphere",",","it","produced","a","haze","of","sulfuric","acid","droplets","that","mixed","with","water","and","created","giant","veils","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"These veils reduced the sunlight reaching Earth's surface by roughly 1%.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["These","veils","reduced","the","sunlight","reaching","Earth","'s","surface","by","roughly","1","%","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Global average temperatures dropped by 0.5\u00b0C.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":28,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Global","average","temperatures","dropped","by","0.5","\u00b0","C","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It took three years until this cooling effect had stopped.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","took","three","years","until","this","cooling","effect","had","stopped","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Humans could imitate this process by injecting sulfur particles directly into the stratosphere.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Humans","could","imitate","this","process","by","injecting","sulfur","particles","directly","into","the","stratosphere","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"According to some scientists, this might be surprisingly easy to do, and we don't even need a lot of new technology for it.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["According","to","some","scientists",",","this","might","be","surprisingly","easy","to","do",",","and","we","do","n't","even","need","a","lot","of","new","technology","for","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"According to one study, it also might be pretty cheap compared with the costs of rapid climate change.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["According","to","one","study",",","it","also","might","be","pretty","cheap","compared","with","the","costs","of","rapid","climate","change","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,13,15,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A small fleet of specialized aircraft could ascend once a year and distribute aerosols along the equator from where they would be spread around the world.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":153,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["A","small","fleet","of","specialized","aircraft","could","ascend","once","a","year","and","distribute","aerosols","along","the","equator","from","where","they","would","be","spread","around","the","world","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Projections assumed that injecting between 5 and 8 megatons of material per year would reflect enough sunlight to slow down or even stop global warming,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":151,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":24,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Projections","assumed","that","injecting","between","5","and","8","megatons","of","material","per","year","would","reflect","enough","sunlight","to","slow","down","or","even","stop","global","warming",","],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, there might be a few unhappy side effects.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","there","might","be","a","few","unhappy","side","effects","."],"tags":[13,0,3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"There are a number of potential issues with aerosol injections.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","a","number","of","potential","issues","with","aerosol","injections","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Rainfall patterns could change, which could negatively affect agriculture and cause famine.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Rainfall","patterns","could","change",",","which","could","negatively","affect","agriculture","and","cause","famine","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Billions of people could be affected in the worst case.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Billions","of","people","could","be","affected","in","the","worst","case","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Also, after the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption, the acid water veils not only cooled down the surface, they also heated up the stratosphere.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Also",",","after","the","1991","Mount","Pinatubo","eruption",",","the","acid","water","veils","not","only","cooled","down","the","surface",",","they","also","heated","up","the","stratosphere","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,0,0,31,32,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"As it turns out, acid is bad for the ozone layer, and the ozone hole over Antarctica was the largest it has ever been.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":117,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["As","it","turns","out",",","acid","is","bad","for","the","ozone","layer",",","and","the","ozone","hole","over","Antarctica","was","the","largest","it","has","ever","been","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Injecting sulfur particles over decades could have a similar effect.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Injecting","sulfur","particles","over","decades","could","have","a","similar","effect","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Scientists have already suggested using a combination of different minerals that might have much less harmful effects on the ozone layer,","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":136,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Scientists","have","already","suggested","using","a","combination","of","different","minerals","that","might","have","much","less","harmful","effects","on","the","ozone","layer",","],"tags":[1,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"but more research and experiments need to be done to make sure this could work.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["but","more","research","and","experiments","need","to","be","done","to","make","sure","this","could","work","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But even if we don't damage the ozone layer, there are other risks.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","even","if","we","do","n't","damage","the","ozone","layer",",","there","are","other","risks","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Politicians and industry might use the cooling effect as an excuse to delay the switch to a carbon neutral economy.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Politicians","and","industry","might","use","the","cooling","effect","as","an","excuse","to","delay","the","switch","to","a","carbon","neutral","economy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even if geoengineering slows down global warming, humanity is still adding extra CO2 to the atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Even","if","geoengineering","slows","down","global","warming",",","humanity","is","still","adding","extra","CO2","to","the","atmosphere","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,27,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"More CO2 in the air means that the oceans absorb more CO2, which makes them more acidic.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["More","CO2","in","the","air","means","that","the","oceans","absorb","more","CO2",",","which","makes","them","more","acidic","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is already beginning to be deadly to huge ecosystems like coral reefs, and the longer this continues, the more severe the effects will be.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":4},{"end":142,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":80,"token_end":26,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["This","is","already","beginning","to","be","deadly","to","huge","ecosystems","like","coral","reefs",",","and","the","longer","this","continues",",","the","more","severe","the","effects","will","be","."],"tags":[1,15,13,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But it gets worse.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","it","gets","worse","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Once we start pumping particles into the atmosphere on a massive scale, we might be forced to do so for a long time, or we could risk a termination shock.","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":99,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":19,"token_start":17},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":23,"token_start":20},{"end":153,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":120,"token_end":31,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["Once","we","start","pumping","particles","into","the","atmosphere","on","a","massive","scale",",","we","might","be","forced","to","do","so","for","a","long","time",",","or","we","could","risk","a","termination","shock","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,33,34,34,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"What that means is that if humanity continues to enrich the atmosphere with CO2,","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","that","means","is","that","if","humanity","continues","to","enrich","the","atmosphere","with","CO2",","],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"but at the same time prevents the planet from heating up by blocking solar radiation, we're sitting on a time bomb.","spans":[{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":91,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":88,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":99,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":92,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":22,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["but","at","the","same","time","prevents","the","planet","from","heating","up","by","blocking","solar","radiation",",","we","'re","sitting","on","a","time","bomb","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,15,27,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Once we stop geoengineering, the natural cycle will take over again, and Earth would heat up.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Once","we","stop","geoengineering",",","the","natural","cycle","will","take","over","again",",","and","Earth","would","heat","up","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,31,32,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But after a few decades of keeping the planet artificially cold, while still releasing massive amounts of CO2, it would heat up much, much quicker.","spans":[{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":18,"token_start":1},{"end":113,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":111,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":119,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":114,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":127,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":120,"token_end":23,"token_start":22},{"end":146,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":128,"token_end":27,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["But","after","a","few","decades","of","keeping","the","planet","artificially","cold",",","while","still","releasing","massive","amounts","of","CO2",",","it","would","heat","up","much",",","much","quicker","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"An increase in temperature that would take 50 years today could happen in just 10 years.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["An","increase","in","temperature","that","would","take","50","years","today","could","happen","in","just","10","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Such a temperature shock in such a short time would disrupt every major system on Earth so much that it would be impossible to adapt in time.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":139,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":26,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Such","a","temperature","shock","in","such","a","short","time","would","disrupt","every","major","system","on","Earth","so","much","that","it","would","be","impossible","to","adapt","in","time","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The worst case scenario could be dramatic famines and the rapid destruction of ecosystems.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","worst","case","scenario","could","be","dramatic","famines","and","the","rapid","destruction","of","ecosystems","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Humanity might survive, but the survivors would inhabit an unfamiliar and hostile world.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Humanity","might","survive",",","but","the","survivors","would","inhabit","an","unfamiliar","and","hostile","world","."],"tags":[1,15,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The best case scenario is that once the world has finally fully understood the existential danger of rapid climate change, geoengineering can buy us a crucial decade or two.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":171,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":29,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","best","case","scenario","is","that","once","the","world","has","finally","fully","understood","the","existential","danger","of","rapid","climate","change",",","geoengineering","can","buy","us","a","crucial","decade","or","two","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Geoengineering is a scary concept.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Geoengineering","is","a","scary","concept","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's not a solution to climate change, and it might even be a welcome excuse for the fossil fuel industry to delay the end of the fossil fuel age.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":145,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":30,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","a","solution","to","climate","change",",","and","it","might","even","be","a","welcome","excuse","for","the","fossil","fuel","industry","to","delay","the","end","of","the","fossil","fuel","age","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Over the last few decades, geoengineering has been so controversial that it's stopped many scientists from doing the experiments necessary to understand it better.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":161,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":25,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Over","the","last","few","decades",",","geoengineering","has","been","so","controversial","that","it","'s","stopped","many","scientists","from","doing","the","experiments","necessary","to","understand","it","better","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But blankly opposing geoengineering is short-sighted.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","blankly","opposing","geoengineering","is","short","-","sighted","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The sad truth is we are already running a geoengineering experiment.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","sad","truth","is","we","are","already","running","a","geoengineering","experiment","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We're testing how fast the world changes if we add about 40 billion tons of CO2 each year.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","'re","testing","how","fast","the","world","changes","if","we","add","about","40","billion","tons","of","CO2","each","year","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This experiment is about to get really exciting.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","experiment","is","about","to","get","really","exciting","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Hopefully, we'll never have to use geoengineering.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Hopefully",",","we","'ll","never","have","to","use","geoengineering","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,37,17,18,19,5,0]}
{"text":"But if we need to in the future, we better have done the science.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","if","we","need","to","in","the","future",",","we","better","have","done","the","science","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,15,29,5,6,0]}
{"text":"We better be prepared.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","better","be","prepared","."],"tags":[1,13,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Or a panicking humanity might accidentally press the self-destruct button.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Or","a","panicking","humanity","might","accidentally","press","the","self","-","destruct","button","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You probably won't have to do any of that yourself, but who knows?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["You","probably","wo","n't","have","to","do","any","of","that","yourself",",","but","who","knows","?"],"tags":[1,13,15,37,17,18,19,5,6,6,13,0,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"Better brush up on your science knowledge just in case.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Better","brush","up","on","your","science","knowledge","just","in","case","."],"tags":[13,31,32,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And our friends at Brilliant can help you with that.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","our","friends","at","Brilliant","can","help","you","with","that","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,19,5,33,34,0]}
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{"text":"More than 60 interactive courses give you the tools to crack problems in maths, logic and engineering all by yourself.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":116,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["More","than","60","interactive","courses","give","you","the","tools","to","crack","problems","in","maths",",","logic","and","engineering","all","by","yourself","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
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{"text":"In a nutshell, Brilliant surprises you and keeps you on your toes, all while sneaking some knowledge into your head without you really noticing.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":143,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":25,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","Brilliant","surprises","you","and","keeps","you","on","your","toes",",","all","while","sneaking","some","knowledge","into","your","head","without","you","really","noticing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To get a fresh perspective on science, go to brilliant.org\/nutshell and sign up for free.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["To","get","a","fresh","perspective","on","science",",","go","to","brilliant.org\/nutshell","and","sign","up","for","free","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And there's an extra perk for Kurzgesagt viewers.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","'s","an","extra","perk","for","Kurzgesagt","viewers","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The first 200 people to use the link get 20% off their annual membership, which lets you view all the daily problems in the archives and unlock every course.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":155,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":30,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","first","200","people","to","use","the","link","get","20","%","off","their","annual","membership",",","which","lets","you","view","all","the","daily","problems","in","the","archives","and","unlock","every","course","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Brilliant helps you end your day a little smarter.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Brilliant","helps","you","end","your","day","a","little","smarter","."],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"And it's still the best preparation for the future we can think of.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","it","'s","still","the","best","preparation","for","the","future","we","can","think","of","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Homeopathy may be the most controversial but also the most popular alternative medicine.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Homeopathy","may","be","the","most","controversial","but","also","the","most","popular","alternative","medicine","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While some argue against it, others swear by its great power and effectiveness.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["While","some","argue","against","it",",","others","swear","by","its","great","power","and","effectiveness","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"How does homeopathy work?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["How","does","homeopathy","work","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"How did it become what it is today and what can modern medicine learn from it?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["How","did","it","become","what","it","is","today","and","what","can","modern","medicine","learn","from","it","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,21,11,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The first principle of homeopathy is like cures like.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","first","principle","of","homeopathy","is","like","cures","like","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Remedies use ingredients that cause the symptoms you want to cure.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Remedies","use","ingredients","that","cause","the","symptoms","you","want","to","cure","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In practice, that means that remedies against fever could for example be made from belladonna, which also causes fever.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","practice",",","that","means","that","remedies","against","fever","could","for","example","be","made","from","belladonna",",","which","also","causes","fever","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A mixture based from bee venom is used to treat itchy swellings, and so on.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","mixture","based","from","bee","venom","is","used","to","treat","itchy","swellings",",","and","so","on","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The second principle is a special method of preparation called potentization.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","second","principle","is","a","special","method","of","preparation","called","potentization","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The idea is that diluting and agitating the ingredients activates their curative powers and enhances their effect.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":112,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","idea","is","that","diluting","and","agitating","the","ingredients","activates","their","curative","powers","and","enhances","their","effect","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"To do this, the ingredient is dissolved in alcohol or distilled water.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["To","do","this",",","the","ingredient","is","dissolved","in","alcohol","or","distilled","water","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Homeopaths take one part of the solution and mix it with nine parts of water, diluting it down to one tenth of its original concentration and shaking it.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":152,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":28,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Homeopaths","take","one","part","of","the","solution","and","mix","it","with","nine","parts","of","water",",","diluting","it","down","to","one","tenth","of","its","original","concentration","and","shaking","it","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"What you have now is a 1X potency, one part ingredient and nine parts solvent, named after the Roman numeral X for ten.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":117,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":24,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["What","you","have","now","is","a","1X","potency",",","one","part","ingredient","and","nine","parts","solvent",",","named","after","the","Roman","numeral","X","for","ten","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Now this process is repeated.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Now","this","process","is","repeated","."],"tags":[13,1,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"Take one part, mix it with nine parts of pure water and shake it vigorously.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Take","one","part",",","mix","it","with","nine","parts","of","pure","water","and","shake","it","vigorously","."],"tags":[19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Now you have 2X.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Now","you","have","2X."],"tags":[13,1,19,5]}
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{"text":"The finished remedy is then taken orally or sometimes it's applied as little sugar pellets that are sold as globuli.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":115,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","finished","remedy","is","then","taken","orally","or","sometimes","it","'s","applied","as","little","sugar","pellets","that","are","sold","as","globuli","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,29,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A 20X potency for example is like dissolving one aspirin pill in the water volume of the whole Atlantic.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":103,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","20X","potency","for","example","is","like","dissolving","one","aspirin","pill","in","the","water","volume","of","the","whole","Atlantic","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,14,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But many are much more extreme, like 30C for example.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","many","are","much","more","extreme",",","like","30C","for","example","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"30C means that the mixture has one part ingredient and 99 parts water.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["30C","means","that","the","mixture","has","one","part","ingredient","and","99","parts","water","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So the commonly sold 30C mixture means one part ingredient and one million billion billion billion billion billion billion parts of water.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":137,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","the","commonly","sold","30C","mixture","means","one","part","ingredient","and","one","million","billion","billion","billion","billion","billion","billion","parts","of","water","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If we wanted a globuli pill with a single atom of the original ingredient, then our pill would be the diameter of the distance between the Earth and the Sun.","spans":[{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":93,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":96,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":95,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":155,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":30,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","we","wanted","a","globuli","pill","with","a","single","atom","of","the","original","ingredient",",","then","our","pill","would","be","the","diameter","of","the","distance","between","the","Earth","and","the","Sun","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Because of this, potentization is one of the biggest criticisms of homeopathy.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Because","of","this",",","potentization","is","one","of","the","biggest","criticisms","of","homeopathy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The extreme dilution is supposed to make the ingredients more potent.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","extreme","dilution","is","supposed","to","make","the","ingredients","more","potent","."],"tags":[1,2,2,17,18,18,19,5,6,33,34,0]}
{"text":"But on a physical level, this doesn't really make sense.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","on","a","physical","level",",","this","does","n't","really","make","sense","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,13,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Most homeopathic remedies are diluted so much that not a single atom of the active ingredient is left in them.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Most","homeopathic","remedies","are","diluted","so","much","that","not","a","single","atom","of","the","active","ingredient","is","left","in","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The explanation of why the mixtures still work is that shaking the mixture after every dilution leaves behind a spirit-like essence of the ingredient.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":148,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":25,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","explanation","of","why","the","mixtures","still","work","is","that","shaking","the","mixture","after","every","dilution","leaves","behind","a","spirit","-","like","essence","of","the","ingredient","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Basically, the idea is that water remembers what was put into it.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Basically",",","the","idea","is","that","water","remembers","what","was","put","into","it","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But if this were true, then every substance that ever met a drop of water would leave an essence behind and lead to unpredictable effects when it was accidentally ingested.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":80,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":19,"token_start":18},{"end":103,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":97,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":171,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":108,"token_end":30,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["But","if","this","were","true",",","then","every","substance","that","ever","met","a","drop","of","water","would","leave","an","essence","behind","and","lead","to","unpredictable","effects","when","it","was","accidentally","ingested","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,35,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Think of all the stuff that lives and floats in the oceans.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Think","of","all","the","stuff","that","lives","and","floats","in","the","oceans","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Every sip of water would be a supercharged homeopathic cocktail.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Every","sip","of","water","would","be","a","supercharged","homeopathic","cocktail","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So how did homeopathy become the most successful alternative medicine?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","how","did","homeopathy","become","the","most","successful","alternative","medicine","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In the 18th century, medicine was very different from today.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","the","18th","century",",","medicine","was","very","different","from","today","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Treatments like bloodletting left the patient worse off than before.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":29,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Treatments","like","bloodletting","left","the","patient","worse","off","than","before","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,6,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"So German physician Samuel Hahnemann wanted a non-invasive, natural way of healing and developed homeopathy.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":14,"token_start":6},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":87,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So","German","physician","Samuel","Hahnemann","wanted","a","non","-","invasive",",","natural","way","of","healing","and","developed","homeopathy","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"And in fact, homeopathic hospitals were soon successful because doing no harm beats doing harm.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","in","fact",",","homeopathic","hospitals","were","soon","successful","because","doing","no","harm","beats","doing","harm","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,21,13,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Hahnemann imposed very strict rules on his patients.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Hahnemann","imposed","very","strict","rules","on","his","patients","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"First you had to avoid coffee, tea, alcohol, spicy food, sweet food.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["First","you","had","to","avoid","coffee",",","tea",",","alcohol",",","spicy","food",",","sweet","food","."],"tags":[13,1,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Then and only then would his remedies work according to the inventor of homeopathy.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Then","and","only","then","would","his","remedies","work","according","to","the","inventor","of","homeopathy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,15,1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Of course, all of these instructions are ignored and not talked about today.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Of","course",",","all","of","these","instructions","are","ignored","and","not","talked","about","today","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Medicine has changed a lot in the last 150 years.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Medicine","has","changed","a","lot","in","the","last","150","years","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Never before in human history have we enjoyed a comparable level of health.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Never","before","in","human","history","have","we","enjoyed","a","comparable","level","of","health","."],"tags":[37,13,13,14,14,15,1,29,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Never have we lived as long.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Never","have","we","lived","as","long","."],"tags":[37,15,1,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"And this is largely due to the new tools we've developed.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","this","is","largely","due","to","the","new","tools","we","'ve","developed","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Thanks to these tools, after countless studies and reviews, we know beyond a shadow of a doubt that homeopathy does not have any effect beyond placebo.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":18,"token_start":13},{"end":150,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":27,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Thanks","to","these","tools",",","after","countless","studies","and","reviews",",","we","know","beyond","a","shadow","of","a","doubt","that","homeopathy","does","not","have","any","effect","beyond","placebo","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But even so, who cares why it works if it helps people?","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","even","so",",","who","cares","why","it","works","if","it","helps","people","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Maybe you tried it and felt better.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Maybe","you","tried","it","and","felt","better","."],"tags":[13,1,23,5,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"Or you know someone that got over a horrible disease while using homeopathic remedies.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Or","you","know","someone","that","got","over","a","horrible","disease","while","using","homeopathic","remedies","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And there are plenty of reports of it working for children and animals.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","are","plenty","of","reports","of","it","working","for","children","and","animals","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"What do we make of these experiences?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","do","we","make","of","these","experiences","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,19,35,36,36,0]}
{"text":"The placebo effect is very real and not imaginary.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","placebo","effect","is","very","real","and","not","imaginary","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"No matter how smart you are, you're not immune to it.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["No","matter","how","smart","you","are",",","you","'re","not","immune","to","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If people believe that something will help them feel better, their trust alone has the desired effect.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","people","believe","that","something","will","help","them","feel","better",",","their","trust","alone","has","the","desired","effect","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And it's been proven that the placebo effect can be transferred.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","it","'s","been","proven","that","the","placebo","effect","can","be","transferred","."],"tags":[0,3,15,15,29,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Children and animals rely on their parents or keepers and are in tune to their emotions.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Children","and","animals","rely","on","their","parents","or","keepers","and","are","in","tune","to","their","emotions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If a parent has a lot of trust in a treatment and eases up, this can help a child relax and help relieve symptoms.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":69,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":19,"token_start":18},{"end":87,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":92,"token_end":24,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["If","a","parent","has","a","lot","of","trust","in","a","treatment","and","eases","up",",","this","can","help","a","child","relax","and","help","relieve","symptoms","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,33,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This can also be observed with animals, who react strongly to the body language cues of the people caring for them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","can","also","be","observed","with","animals",",","who","react","strongly","to","the","body","language","cues","of","the","people","caring","for","them","."],"tags":[1,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But the most powerful tool of homeopathy is time.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","the","most","powerful","tool","of","homeopathy","is","time","."],"tags":[0,11,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,0]}
{"text":"Our bodies are survival machines.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Our","bodies","are","survival","machines","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Infections pass on their own after a few days.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Infections","pass","on","their","own","after","a","few","days","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But if you take some remedy when you already feel sick and then start getting better, it feels like it did indeed cure you, while actually it would have happened anyway.","spans":[{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":15,"token_start":1},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":94,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":122,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":24,"token_start":19},{"end":168,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":124,"token_end":32,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["But","if","you","take","some","remedy","when","you","already","feel","sick","and","then","start","getting","better",",","it","feels","like","it","did","indeed","cure","you",",","while","actually","it","would","have","happened","anyway","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The homeopathy industry likes to play the gentle alternative to Big Pharma.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","homeopathy","industry","likes","to","play","the","gentle","alternative","to","Big","Pharma","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But the homeopathic industry is Big Pharma.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","the","homeopathic","industry","is","Big","Pharma","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Billions of dollars are made with extreme profit margins.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Billions","of","dollars","are","made","with","extreme","profit","margins","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The homeopathy industry has its own lobby organizations and fights its enemies as hard as it can.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":96,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","homeopathy","industry","has","its","own","lobby","organizations","and","fights","its","enemies","as","hard","as","it","can","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A lot of money is on the line.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","lot","of","money","is","on","the","line","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Globally, the market is expected to reach over 17 billion by 2024.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Globally",",","the","market","is","expected","to","reach","over","17","billion","by","2024","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Some critics even argue that the homeopathic industry is bad for public health because it creates distrust in proven medicine.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":125,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Some","critics","even","argue","that","the","homeopathic","industry","is","bad","for","public","health","because","it","creates","distrust","in","proven","medicine","."],"tags":[1,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The belief in homeopathy correlates with skepticism about vaccinations.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","belief","in","homeopathy","correlates","with","skepticism","about","vaccinations","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This can discourage people to seek the help they need when their lives or the lives of their children are on the line.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":117,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","can","discourage","people","to","seek","the","help","they","need","when","their","lives","or","the","lives","of","their","children","are","on","the","line","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But there is actually a key to the success of homeopathy that we could and should copy.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","there","is","actually","a","key","to","the","success","of","homeopathy","that","we","could","and","should","copy","."],"tags":[0,3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The first consultation with a homeopath can take hours and is very personal.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","first","consultation","with","a","homeopath","can","take","hours","and","is","very","personal","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"this level of attention and empathy can make a huge difference to their well-being even if the conversation was not the point of the therapy.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":15,"token_start":8},{"end":139,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":26,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["this","level","of","attention","and","empathy","can","make","a","huge","difference","to","their","well","-","being","even","if","the","conversation","was","not","the","point","of","the","therapy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Modern medicine is efficient.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Modern","medicine","is","efficient","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It saves millions of lives each year.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","saves","millions","of","lives","each","year","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But it's also a strictly organized system.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","also","a","strictly","organized","system","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Tight budgets force doctors and nurses to deal with lots of patients.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Tight","budgets","force","doctors","and","nurses","to","deal","with","lots","of","patients","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Consultations need to be time efficient, diagnoses made quickly, treatments fast, which can leave patients feeling invisible, scared, and left behind.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":149,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":25,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Consultations","need","to","be","time","efficient",",","diagnoses","made","quickly",",","treatments","fast",",","which","can","leave","patients","feeling","invisible",",","scared",",","and","left","behind","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is what modern medicine can learn from homeopathy.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","what","modern","medicine","can","learn","from","homeopathy","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It meets a human need that has been left unfulfilled.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","meets","a","human","need","that","has","been","left","unfulfilled","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We need to make time for the individual again, see people, not numbers.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","to","make","time","for","the","individual","again",",","see","people",",","not","numbers","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But as important as empathy is, it's not a substitute for actual treatment.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","as","important","as","empathy","is",",","it","'s","not","a","substitute","for","actual","treatment","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Faith can move mountains, but sugar water can't cure cancer.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Faith","can","move","mountains",",","but","sugar","water","ca","n't","cure","cancer","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"After a short break of a few years, Kurzgesagt is back in German.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["After","a","short","break","of","a","few","years",",","Kurzgesagt","is","back","in","German","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Thanks to the support of Funk, we have relaunched the German channel and are beginning to upload a video every one to two weeks.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Thanks","to","the","support","of","Funk",",","we","have","relaunched","the","German","channel","and","are","beginning","to","upload","a","video","every","one","to","two","weeks","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Besides redoing our favorite videos, there'll be a number of videos that will not exist in English for a while.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":110,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Besides","redoing","our","favorite","videos",",","there","'ll","be","a","number","of","videos","that","will","not","exist","in","English","for","a","while","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Check out the channel here, tell us what you think, and subscribe and watch a few.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Check","out","the","channel","here",",","tell","us","what","you","think",",","and","subscribe","and","watch","a","few","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If the channel goes well, the German videos might become a regular thing for years, and we might even do more languages.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":88,"token_end":23,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","the","channel","goes","well",",","the","German","videos","might","become","a","regular","thing","for","years",",","and","we","might","even","do","more","languages","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Mr. President, nuclear missiles will strike our country in 14 minutes.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Mr.","President",",","nuclear","missiles","will","strike","our","country","in","14","minutes","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"I know it's your first day in office, so I'm going to walk you through it,","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["I","know","it","'s","your","first","day","in","office",",","so","I","'m","going","to","walk","you","through","it",","],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"but you're the only one who can authorize our nuclear retaliation in response, and you've only got a few minutes to make a decision.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":13,"token_start":3},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":83,"token_end":26,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["but","you","'re","the","only","one","who","can","authorize","our","nuclear","retaliation","in","response",",","and","you","'ve","only","got","a","few","minutes","to","make","a","decision","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As you know, tensions have escalated rapidly in the past few days.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["As","you","know",",","tensions","have","escalated","rapidly","in","the","past","few","days","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Today's joint Allied aerial defense exercise began just minutes before we detected the launch.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Today","'s","joint","Allied","aerial","defense","exercise","began","just","minutes","before","we","detected","the","launch","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We assume the sudden attack is meant to neutralize as many of our nuclear forces as possible.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","assume","the","sudden","attack","is","meant","to","neutralize","as","many","of","our","nuclear","forces","as","possible","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But that doesn't matter now.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","that","does","n't","matter","now","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,13,0]}
{"text":"Missiles are in the air, and we can't shoot all of them down.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Missiles","are","in","the","air",",","and","we","ca","n't","shoot","all","of","them","down","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Because intercontinental ballistic missiles are basically rockets launched into space","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Because","intercontinental","ballistic","missiles","are","basically","rockets","launched","into","space"],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12]}
{"text":"We need to get you to the bunker.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","to","get","you","to","the","bunker","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Here is what we know.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Here","is","what","we","know","."],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Four minutes ago, our new infrared monitoring satellites detected 112 bursts consistent with ICBM launches from the enemy's inner territories.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":140,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":21,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Four","minutes","ago",",","our","new","infrared","monitoring","satellites","detected","112","bursts","consistent","with","ICBM","launches","from","the","enemy","'s","inner","territories","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For some reason, only 20 of their 80 underground nuclear silos seem to have fired, so we suspect most of them were transporter erector launches.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":143,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":86,"token_end":26,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["For","some","reason",",","only","20","of","their","80","underground","nuclear","silos","seem","to","have","fired",",","so","we","suspect","most","of","them","were","transporter","erector","launches","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,17,18,19,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's unclear why they didn't use all their silos.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","unclear","why","they","did","n't","use","all","their","silos","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"They might just not work after more than 30 years, or they might be keeping them in reserve.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["They","might","just","not","work","after","more","than","30","years",",","or","they","might","be","keeping","them","in","reserve","."],"tags":[1,15,13,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The fog of war is keeping many things unclear.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","fog","of","war","is","keeping","many","things","unclear","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,27,5,6,33,0]}
{"text":"Aerospace Command thinks the ICBMs are targeting our nuclear command centers, silos, and major air force and navy bases, ending this war before we have a chance to act.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":167,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":31,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Aerospace","Command","thinks","the","ICBMs","are","targeting","our","nuclear","command","centers",",","silos",",","and","major","air","force","and","navy","bases",",","ending","this","war","before","we","have","a","chance","to","act","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The enemy's strategic doctrine prioritizes military targets and our nuclear weapons systems,","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","enemy","'s","strategic","doctrine","prioritizes","military","targets","and","our","nuclear","weapons","systems",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"but their secondary targets are our industry and infrastructure, all refineries, power stations and deepwater ports, all located near or in major population centers.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":164,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":26,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["but","their","secondary","targets","are","our","industry","and","infrastructure",",","all","refineries",",","power","stations","and","deepwater","ports",",","all","located","near","or","in","major","population","centers","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We won't know the exact casualty count for a few weeks.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","wo","n't","know","the","exact","casualty","count","for","a","few","weeks","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Deaths from the blast and burns may be a few million today.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Deaths","from","the","blast","and","burns","may","be","a","few","million","today","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,13,0]}
{"text":"It's morning rush hour, and there's not much to be done for people stuck in traffic.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","'s","morning","rush","hour",",","and","there","'s","not","much","to","be","done","for","people","stuck","in","traffic","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"People in major metro areas can't really evacuate, but emergency broadcasts are being sent out to shelter in place and away from windows.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":136,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["People","in","major","metro","areas","ca","n't","really","evacuate",",","but","emergency","broadcasts","are","being","sent","out","to","shelter","in","place","and","away","from","windows","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,37,13,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Radiation exposure for intact population centers is highly dependent on the weather over the next week.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Radiation","exposure","for","intact","population","centers","is","highly","dependent","on","the","weather","over","the","next","week","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We might be looking at dozens of millions of deaths by the end of the month.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","might","be","looking","at","dozens","of","millions","of","deaths","by","the","end","of","the","month","."],"tags":[1,15,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For the next few minutes, we can still respond.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["For","the","next","few","minutes",",","we","can","still","respond","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,0]}
{"text":"But you need to decide.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","you","need","to","decide","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"We've got 1,500 warheads across our silos, bombers, and submarines.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","'ve","got","1,500","warheads","across","our","silos",",","bombers",",","and","submarines","."],"tags":[1,15,21,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The 400 in silos need to be launched now before they get taken out.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","400","in","silos","need","to","be","launched","now","before","they","get","taken","out","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"46 nuclear-capable bombers on high alert can be ready to take off in two minutes,","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["46","nuclear","-","capable","bombers","on","high","alert","can","be","ready","to","take","off","in","two","minutes",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"though we need to transmit the order right away to get them out of the blast radius if you want to consider using them.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":16,"token_start":3},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["though","we","need","to","transmit","the","order","right","away","to","get","them","out","of","the","blast","radius","if","you","want","to","consider","using","them","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Of our 40 nuclear submarines, five are presently at sea.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Of","our","40","nuclear","submarines",",","five","are","presently","at","sea","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"While they're submerged, they're undetectable, so that's our backup for a nuclear retaliation if we lose our silos and bombers.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["While","they","'re","submerged",",","they","'re","undetectable",",","so","that","'s","our","backup","for","a","nuclear","retaliation","if","we","lose","our","silos","and","bombers","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We could try to use them to bomb out their remaining siloed fields before they can launch them.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","could","try","to","use","them","to","bomb","out","their","remaining","siloed","fields","before","they","can","launch","them","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Updates We have radar confirmation that the enemy ICBMs have completed their burn and deployed their warheads.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Updates","We","have","radar","confirmation","that","the","enemy","ICBMs","have","completed","their","burn","and","deployed","their","warheads","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our best guess is that each missile will deploy at least six re-entry vehicles, about 600 in total,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Our","best","guess","is","that","each","missile","will","deploy","at","least","six","re","-","entry","vehicles",",","about","600","in","total",","],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"and with many more decoys on top of that, inflatable balloons meant to waste any anti-missiles.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["and","with","many","more","decoys","on","top","of","that",",","inflatable","balloons","meant","to","waste","any","anti","-","missiles","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We're now tracking nearly 4,000 potential targets.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","'re","now","tracking","nearly","4,000","potential","targets","."],"tags":[1,15,13,27,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our anti-ballistic missiles have been launched and will begin their intercept in another minute.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Our","anti","-","ballistic","missiles","have","been","launched","and","will","begin","their","intercept","in","another","minute","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We'll do our best to protect the capital, although there really is no defense.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","'ll","do","our","best","to","protect","the","capital",",","although","there","really","is","no","defense","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our systems seem to be glitchy.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Our","systems","seem","to","be","glitchy","."],"tags":[1,2,17,18,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The enemy must have anticipated we'd launch our interceptors and pre-detonated a few warheads at high altitude.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","enemy","must","have","anticipated","we","'d","launch","our","interceptors","and","pre","-","detonated","a","few","warheads","at","high","altitude","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"That ionizes the atmosphere and creates radar interference.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["That","ionizes","the","atmosphere","and","creates","radar","interference","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Our interceptors should still operate okay, they've had a 55% success rate in tests, but never with this many decoys or with radar interference this intense.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Our","interceptors","should","still","operate","okay",",","they","'ve","had","a","55","%","success","rate","in","tests",",","but","never","with","this","many","decoys","or","with","radar","interference","this","intense","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,19,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We might shoot down 50 objects, but there's no guarantee they're warheads.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","might","shoot","down","50","objects",",","but","there","'s","no","guarantee","they","'re","warheads","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It looks like most bombs are going to get through.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","looks","like","most","bombs","are","going","to","get","through","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This is our last chance to counterattack.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","our","last","chance","to","counterattack","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We're out of time.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","'re","out","of","time","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Our silent launch sequence takes five minutes.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Our","silent","launch","sequence","takes","five","minutes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"We have to transmit and confirm a launch order, and the missile needs time to clear the blast radius of the incoming bomb.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","have","to","transmit","and","confirm","a","launch","order",",","and","the","missile","needs","time","to","clear","the","blast","radius","of","the","incoming","bomb","."],"tags":[1,17,18,19,0,41,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is a lot to take in, but the war plan is made.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","is","a","lot","to","take","in",",","but","the","war","plan","is","made","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"You just need to enter the launch authorization codes and push this button to transmit them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":12,"token_start":3},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["You","just","need","to","enter","the","launch","authorization","codes","and","push","this","button","to","transmit","them","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You can't do anything else to save more of our people.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["You","ca","n't","do","anything","else","to","save","more","of","our","people","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you don't launch now, then this war will be over before it even begins.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","do","n't","launch","now",",","then","this","war","will","be","over","before","it","even","begins","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,2,15,21,11,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You understand, this is our one chance, right?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","understand",",","this","is","our","one","chance",",","right","?"],"tags":[1,19,0,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Enemy civilian casualties are hard to estimate, but should be similar to ours.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Enemy","civilian","casualties","are","hard","to","estimate",",","but","should","be","similar","to","ours","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The total fallout from their attacks and ours might trigger a nuclear winter, potentially killing billions around the world, but that might happen even if we don't retaliate.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":19,"token_start":14},{"end":173,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":129,"token_end":30,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["The","total","fallout","from","their","attacks","and","ours","might","trigger","a","nuclear","winter",",","potentially","killing","billions","around","the","world",",","but","that","might","happen","even","if","we","do","n't","retaliate","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"With an attack of this scale, there's no guarantee communications or assets will be intact in a few minutes.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":107,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["With","an","attack","of","this","scale",",","there","'s","no","guarantee","communications","or","assets","will","be","intact","in","a","few","minutes","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We need a decision, sir.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","a","decision",",","sir","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Can we launch?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Can","we","launch","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"Nuclear wars aren't regular wars.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Nuclear","wars","are","n't","regular","wars","."],"tags":[1,2,21,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"They only last minutes, and in times of crisis, small conflicts can rapidly spiral out of control.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","only","last","minutes",",","and","in","times","of","crisis",",","small","conflicts","can","rapidly","spiral","out","of","control","."],"tags":[1,13,19,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Anything from small communication lags to sensor errors to just uncertainty in the fog of war mean that no leader will ever have a complete idea of what's happening as a crisis unfolds.","spans":[{"end":93,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":94,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":184,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":33,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Anything","from","small","communication","lags","to","sensor","errors","to","just","uncertainty","in","the","fog","of","war","mean","that","no","leader","will","ever","have","a","complete","idea","of","what","'s","happening","as","a","crisis","unfolds","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"When tensions are high, accidents or misunderstandings can steer leaders, even those with good intentions, to launch a nuclear attack.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":16,"token_start":10},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":22,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["When","tensions","are","high",",","accidents","or","misunderstandings","can","steer","leaders",",","even","those","with","good","intentions",",","to","launch","a","nuclear","attack","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"it's really just one single person who decides, can literally make civilization-ending decisions, killing hundreds of millions of people in the time it takes to watch a YouTube video.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":182,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":33,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["it","'s","really","just","one","single","person","who","decides",",","can","literally","make","civilization","-","ending","decisions",",","killing","hundreds","of","millions","of","people","in","the","time","it","takes","to","watch","a","YouTube","video","."],"tags":[3,21,13,11,12,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This story is fiction, but the world came very close to this several times.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","story","is","fiction",",","but","the","world","came","very","close","to","this","several","times","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0,0,31,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,0]}
{"text":"In 1995, Russian radar detected a submarine-launched missile, and their nuclear forces went on full alert, except it was actually a scientific rocket to study auroras.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":166,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":30,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","1995",",","Russian","radar","detected","a","submarine","-","launched","missile",",","and","their","nuclear","forces","went","on","full","alert",",","except","it","was","actually","a","scientific","rocket","to","study","auroras","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In 1979, US computers reported a full-scale Soviet attack with only minutes to respond, except it was a training tape being incorrectly loaded into a computer.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":16,"token_start":6},{"end":157,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":29,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["In","1979",",","US","computers","reported","a","full","-","scale","Soviet","attack","with","only","minutes","to","respond",",","except","it","was","a","training","tape","being","incorrectly","loaded","into","a","computer","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In 1983, the Soviet satellite alert system showed five ICBMs launched from the US, but it was a false alarm, caused by sunlight reflected on clouds.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":147,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":87,"token_end":28,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["In","1983",",","the","Soviet","satellite","alert","system","showed","five","ICBMs","launched","from","the","US",",","but","it","was","a","false","alarm",",","caused","by","sunlight","reflected","on","clouds","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"During the Cuban Missile Crisis, a Soviet submarine with no contact to Moscow for several days concluded that nuclear war had begun and decided to launch a nuclear torpedo.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":16,"token_start":6},{"end":104,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":95,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":131,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":22,"token_start":18},{"end":171,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":136,"token_end":29,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["During","the","Cuban","Missile","Crisis",",","a","Soviet","submarine","with","no","contact","to","Moscow","for","several","days","concluded","that","nuclear","war","had","begun","and","decided","to","launch","a","nuclear","torpedo","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Luckily, the authorization of three officers was required.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Luckily",",","the","authorization","of","three","officers","was","required","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"One of them, Vasily Ashipov, opposed it.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["One","of","them",",","Vasily","Ashipov",",","opposed","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,0,39,40,0,23,5,0]}
{"text":"Any safeguard can fail, no matter how carefully designed it might be.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Any","safeguard","can","fail",",","no","matter","how","carefully","designed","it","might","be","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And decisions are being made right now to build new weapons and missile systems that commit the world to another century of nuclear stalemate,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","decisions","are","being","made","right","now","to","build","new","weapons","and","missile","systems","that","commit","the","world","to","another","century","of","nuclear","stalemate",","],"tags":[0,1,15,15,29,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Simply accepting that the existence of nuclear weapons is inevitable might mean their use is inevitable.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":75,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Simply","accepting","that","the","existence","of","nuclear","weapons","is","inevitable","might","mean","their","use","is","inevitable","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But the world doesn't have to be this way.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","the","world","does","n't","have","to","be","this","way","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,37,17,18,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Even incremental steps, taking apart one bomb at a time, will eventually result in a world with none.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Even","incremental","steps",",","taking","apart","one","bomb","at","a","time",",","will","eventually","result","in","a","world","with","none","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,13,31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"During the Cold War, the world had over 70,000 nuclear weapons.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["During","the","Cold","War",",","the","world","had","over","70,000","nuclear","weapons","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Through arms reduction treaties, that number is now about 12,500.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Through","arms","reduction","treaties",",","that","number","is","now","about","12,500","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Progress is not guaranteed, but it's also not impossible.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Progress","is","not","guaranteed",",","but","it","'s","also","not","impossible","."],"tags":[1,15,37,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Governments and militaries are not separate from their nations, they're part of them, just like you.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Governments","and","militaries","are","not","separate","from","their","nations",",","they","'re","part","of","them",",","just","like","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"You have the power to make demands of your leaders, and often this begins with just being aware of an issue.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["You","have","the","power","to","make","demands","of","your","leaders",",","and","often","this","begins","with","just","being","aware","of","an","issue","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you want to learn more, we've compiled a number of resources for you in the video description and our sources.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","learn","more",",","we","'ve","compiled","a","number","of","resources","for","you","in","the","video","description","and","our","sources","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This video was supported by Open Philanthropy.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","video","was","supported","by","Open","Philanthropy","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Did you know that there are countless more Kurzgesagt videos that we upload on TikTok, YouTube Shorts, and Instagram Reels?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":122,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":21,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Did","you","know","that","there","are","countless","more","Kurzgesagt","videos","that","we","upload","on","TikTok",",","YouTube","Shorts",",","and","Instagram","Reels","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"After all, you also need videos you can watch quickly in a bathroom break.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["After","all",",","you","also","need","videos","you","can","watch","quickly","in","a","bathroom","break","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our longer, more in-depth videos are happening here on YouTube.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Our","longer",",","more","in","-","depth","videos","are","happening","here","on","YouTube","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,13,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Short form is a completely different challenge that we're trying to do as well as possible.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Short","form","is","a","completely","different","challenge","that","we","'re","trying","to","do","as","well","as","possible","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Check them out if you're curious.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Check","them","out","if","you","'re","curious","."],"tags":[19,5,35,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And if you want to discuss and share your thoughts about science with other like-minded people, why don't you check out our Discord community with over 80,000 birbs?","spans":[{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":17,"token_start":1},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":102,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":100,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":105,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":102,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":109,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":119,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":24,"token_start":23},{"end":141,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":120,"token_end":27,"token_start":25},{"end":164,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":142,"token_end":31,"token_start":28}],"tokens":["And","if","you","want","to","discuss","and","share","your","thoughts","about","science","with","other","like","-","minded","people",",","why","do","n't","you","check","out","our","Discord","community","with","over","80,000","birbs","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,37,1,31,32,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We have channels where you can chat about STEM topics, participate in events, and the academic question of the week.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":114,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","channels","where","you","can","chat","about","STEM","topics",",","participate","in","events",",","and","the","academic","question","of","the","week","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And we have the best emotes.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","we","have","the","best","emotes","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"After all, we want to spark your curiosity, but it's always more fun to be curious together.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["After","all",",","we","want","to","spark","your","curiosity",",","but","it","'s","always","more","fun","to","be","curious","together","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"See you over there!","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["See","you","over","there","!"],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Microbes are everywhere.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Microbes","are","everywhere","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Microbes are omnipresent at any moment and there is nothing we can do about it.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Microbes","are","omnipresent","at","any","moment","and","there","is","nothing","we","can","do","about","it","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So millions of years ago, we made a pact.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","millions","of","years","ago",",","we","made","a","pact","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,0]}
{"text":"We give them shelter and food, and in turn, they work for us.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","give","them","shelter","and","food",",","and","in","turn",",","they","work","for","us","."],"tags":[1,19,9,7,8,8,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But the more we learn about this partnership, the more it looks like a cold war.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","the","more","we","learn","about","this","partnership",",","the","more","it","looks","like","a","cold","war","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Inside our mother's womb, humans start out sterile.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Inside","our","mother","'s","womb",",","humans","start","out","sterile","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,13,0]}
{"text":"When we are born and travelling through the birth canal, billions of our mother's bacteria cover every single part of our bodies.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":89,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":11},{"end":95,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":91,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":127,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":23,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["When","we","are","born","and","travelling","through","the","birth","canal",",","billions","of","our","mother","'s","bacteria","cover","every","single","part","of","our","bodies","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is an essential part of human health.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","an","essential","part","of","human","health","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Children born via C-section have a higher rate of asthma, immune diseases and even leukemia.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Children","born","via","C","-","section","have","a","higher","rate","of","asthma",",","immune","diseases","and","even","leukemia","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Over millions of years, we co-evolved to make the best of our relationship.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Over","millions","of","years",",","we","co","-","evolved","to","make","the","best","of","our","relationship","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,23,24,24,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Mother's milk, for example, contains special sugars that are meant to feed and support certain groups of microbes, work as a decoy for others and help to modulate the immune system.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":179,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":34,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Mother","'s","milk",",","for","example",",","contains","special","sugars","that","are","meant","to","feed","and","support","certain","groups","of","microbes",",","work","as","a","decoy","for","others","and","help","to","modulate","the","immune","system","."],"tags":[1,2,2,0,13,14,0,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It takes up to two years until a healthy microbe community has formed.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","takes","up","to","two","years","until","a","healthy","microbe","community","has","formed","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Every human has their own unique microbiome, made up of bacteria, viruses, fungi and other organisms.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Every","human","has","their","own","unique","microbiome",",","made","up","of","bacteria",",","viruses",",","fungi","and","other","organisms","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We have three categories of guests on and in our bodies.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","have","three","categories","of","guests","on","and","in","our","bodies","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"By being there, they take up space and keep more aggressive intruders in check.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["By","being","there",",","they","take","up","space","and","keep","more","aggressive","intruders","in","check","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,31,32,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They want to take up as much space as they can and we don't want them to.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":72,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["They","want","to","take","up","as","much","space","as","they","can","and","we","do","n't","want","them","to","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But we can't get rid of them entirely.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","we","ca","n't","get","rid","of","them","entirely","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,31,32,32,5,13,0]}
{"text":"Most of them are a community of 380,000 billion bacteria from up to 5,000 different species that live in our gut.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":111,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Most","of","them","are","a","community","of","380,000","billion","bacteria","from","up","to","5,000","different","species","that","live","in","our","gut","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"These gut microorganisms help us digest food and pull additional calories from things we can't digest ourselves.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":111,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["These","gut","microorganisms","help","us","digest","food","and","pull","additional","calories","from","things","we","ca","n't","digest","ourselves","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Unfortunately, our gut is also the perfect point of attack for intruders, so it's guarded by an aggressive army, our immune system.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":25,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","our","gut","is","also","the","perfect","point","of","attack","for","intruders",",","so","it","'s","guarded","by","an","aggressive","army",",","our","immune","system","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To survive here, our microbiome co-evolved with us to be able to communicate with our body.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","survive","here",",","our","microbiome","co","-","evolved","with","us","to","be","able","to","communicate","with","our","body","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,23,24,24,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The most important part of that is to ask the immune system to not kill them.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","most","important","part","of","that","is","to","ask","the","immune","system","to","not","kill","them","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But they also have a real motivation to keep our gut healthy,","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","they","also","have","a","real","motivation","to","keep","our","gut","healthy",","],"tags":[0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"so some of them produce messenger substances that help to educate the immune system and others stimulate the gut cells to regenerate faster.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":13,"token_start":5},{"end":139,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":88,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["so","some","of","them","produce","messenger","substances","that","help","to","educate","the","immune","system","and","others","stimulate","the","gut","cells","to","regenerate","faster","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But over the last few years, evidence has emerged that the influence of our gut microbiome goes much, much further.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","over","the","last","few","years",",","evidence","has","emerged","that","the","influence","of","our","gut","microbiome","goes","much",",","much","further","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It might even talk directly to our brain.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","might","even","talk","directly","to","our","brain","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,13,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We've observed a few curious things.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'ve","observed","a","few","curious","things","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"90% of our body's serotonin, an important messenger substance for nerve cells, is produced in the gut.","spans":[{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":20,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["90","%","of","our","body","'s","serotonin",",","an","important","messenger","substance","for","nerve","cells",",","is","produced","in","the","gut","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Some scientists think the microbiome does this to communicate with the vagus nerve, the information highway of our nervous system.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":129,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","scientists","think","the","microbiome","does","this","to","communicate","with","the","vagus","nerve",",","the","information","highway","of","our","nervous","system","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Other examples are bacteria that stimulate immune cells in the gut, so they send a kind of alarm signal to the brain.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":71,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Other","examples","are","bacteria","that","stimulate","immune","cells","in","the","gut",",","so","they","send","a","kind","of","alarm","signal","to","the","brain","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Here it activates immune cells that help the brain recover from injuries.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Here","it","activates","immune","cells","that","help","the","brain","recover","from","injuries","."],"tags":[13,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"A new field of science is opening up here, and we're just on the verge of understanding how these complex systems inside our bodies interact.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":140,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":26,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["A","new","field","of","science","is","opening","up","here",",","and","we","'re","just","on","the","verge","of","understanding","how","these","complex","systems","inside","our","bodies","interact","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,31,32,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But we are starting to see how much our microbiome actually influences us and our behavior.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","we","are","starting","to","see","how","much","our","microbiome","actually","influences","us","and","our","behavior","."],"tags":[0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Take depression, for example.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Take","depression",",","for","example","."],"tags":[19,5,0,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Healthy rats fed microbes from the guts of depressed people began showing anxiety-like behavior and symptoms that look like depression.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":134,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Healthy","rats","fed","microbes","from","the","guts","of","depressed","people","began","showing","anxiety","-","like","behavior","and","symptoms","that","look","like","depression","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And in early 2017, a study linked the microbiome to intelligence by connecting a certain setup of bacteria in newborns with better motor and language skills.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":156,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":26,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","in","early","2017",",","a","study","linked","the","microbiome","to","intelligence","by","connecting","a","certain","setup","of","bacteria","in","newborns","with","better","motor","and","language","skills","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But it might also influence our daily lives.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","it","might","also","influence","our","daily","lives","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Tests with fruit flies showed that their microbiome influenced what kinds of food they craved.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Tests","with","fruit","flies","showed","that","their","microbiome","influenced","what","kinds","of","food","they","craved","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This could mean your microbes are able to tell your brain which food it should get them, although this is not a one-way street.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":16,"token_start":3},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":26,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["This","could","mean","your","microbes","are","able","to","tell","your","brain","which","food","it","should","get","them",",","although","this","is","not","a","one","-","way","street","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The seed for our microbiome comes from our mother, but how it develops and changes is determined by what we eat.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","seed","for","our","microbiome","comes","from","our","mother",",","but","how","it","develops","and","changes","is","determined","by","what","we","eat","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The organisms in our gut feed on different things.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","organisms","in","our","gut","feed","on","different","things","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Some like fibers and leafy greens, others go for sugars and starches, and some love greasy fries and butter.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Some","like","fibers","and","leafy","greens",",","others","go","for","sugars","and","starches",",","and","some","love","greasy","fries","and","butter","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Our gut is like a garden in which we constantly decide what will grow and blottom.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Our","gut","is","like","a","garden","in","which","we","constantly","decide","what","will","grow","and","blottom","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If we eat healthily, we breed bacteria that like healthy food.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["If","we","eat","healthily",",","we","breed","bacteria","that","like","healthy","food","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If we eat a lot of fast food, then we breed fast-food-loving bacteria.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","we","eat","a","lot","of","fast","food",",","then","we","breed","fast","-","food","-","loving","bacteria","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Life is hard, so we can get trapped in a vicious circle.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":17,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Life","is","hard",",","so","we","can","get","trapped","in","a","vicious","circle","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"You have a stressful time and eat lots of burgers and fries and pizza.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["You","have","a","stressful","time","and","eat","lots","of","burgers","and","fries","and","pizza","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is awesome for fast-food bacteria.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","awesome","for","fast","-","food","bacteria","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They multiply and multiply and take up space from vegetable-loving bacteria.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":18,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","multiply","and","multiply","and","take","up","space","from","vegetable","-","loving","bacteria","."],"tags":[1,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But even worse, they send signals to the brain to continue what it's doing.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","even","worse",",","they","send","signals","to","the","brain","to","continue","what","it","'s","doing","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,19,5,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This makes you want more fast food, which breeds more fast-food bacteria, which makes you crave fast food, and so on.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":116,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","makes","you","want","more","fast","food",",","which","breeds","more","fast","-","food","bacteria",",","which","makes","you","crave","fast","food",",","and","so","on","."],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This kind of self-reinforcing cycle could play a huge role in obesity.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["This","kind","of","self","-","reinforcing","cycle","could","play","a","huge","role","in","obesity","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But it's important to stress that you can fight this process and reverse it by eating healthily and breeding more good bacteria.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":127,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","important","to","stress","that","you","can","fight","this","process","and","reverse","it","by","eating","healthily","and","breeding","more","good","bacteria","."],"tags":[0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Beyond weight gain, our microbiome has also been linked to other serious diseases like autism, schizophrenia, and cancer.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Beyond","weight","gain",",","our","microbiome","has","also","been","linked","to","other","serious","diseases","like","autism",",","schizophrenia",",","and","cancer","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One of the earliest symptoms of Parkinson's is actually gut problems.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["One","of","the","earliest","symptoms","of","Parkinson","'s","is","actually","gut","problems","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"If your body is overrun with bacteria that harm you, there is often only one solution.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":85,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","your","body","is","overrun","with","bacteria","that","harm","you",",","there","is","often","only","one","solution","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,13,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"You bring in an army of good guys.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","bring","in","an","army","of","good","guys","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That's very easy.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","very","easy","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"You just transplant some healthy poop.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","just","transplant","some","healthy","poop","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You do that by literally transferring poop from a healthy person into your gut.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","do","that","by","literally","transferring","poop","from","a","healthy","person","into","your","gut","."],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This method is already used to cure diarrhea that's caused when C. difficile bacteria take over a gut microbiome.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","method","is","already","used","to","cure","diarrhea","that","'s","caused","when","C.","difficile","bacteria","take","over","a","gut","microbiome","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But we just don't know enough about the complex interplay at work here yet.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","we","just","do","n't","know","enough","about","the","complex","interplay","at","work","here","yet","."],"tags":[0,1,13,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,0]}
{"text":"For example, a transplant from an overweight donor cured a woman's diarrhea, but contributed to her obesity down the line.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["For","example",",","a","transplant","from","an","overweight","donor","cured","a","woman","'s","diarrhea",",","but","contributed","to","her","obesity","down","the","line","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This caused some waves, and another study tried to reverse the effect.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","caused","some","waves",",","and","another","study","tried","to","reverse","the","effect","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Poop transplants from slim people to obese ones gave them a more diverse microbiome and made them less sensitive to insulin.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":83,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":88,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Poop","transplants","from","slim","people","to","obese","ones","gave","them","a","more","diverse","microbiome","and","made","them","less","sensitive","to","insulin","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,9,7,8,8,8,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We need to do a lot more science to really understand how our microbes make us healthy or sick.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","need","to","do","a","lot","more","science","to","really","understand","how","our","microbes","make","us","healthy","or","sick","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But whether we like it or not, we need our microbiome, and it needs us.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","whether","we","like","it","or","not",",","we","need","our","microbiome",",","and","it","needs","us","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We'll never have our bodies to ourselves, but we have gained a powerful ally.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","'ll","never","have","our","bodies","to","ourselves",",","but","we","have","gained","a","powerful","ally","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,33,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"How big is the Moon?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["How","big","is","the","Moon","?"],"tags":[11,12,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"In the night sky, the Moon seems rather small.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","the","night","sky",",","the","Moon","seems","rather","small","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Central Europe would easily fit under it.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Central","Europe","would","easily","fit","under","it","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The surface area of the Moon is huge.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","surface","area","of","the","Moon","is","huge","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"To give you some perspective, it's as big as the whole European continent, China, the USA, Brazil, and South Africa together.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":123,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":26,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["To","give","you","some","perspective",",","it","'s","as","big","as","the","whole","European","continent",",","China",",","the","USA",",","Brazil",",","and","South","Africa","together","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Weight-wise, the Moon is only about 1 81th of the mass of Earth.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Weight","-","wise",",","the","Moon","is","only","about","1","81th","of","the","mass","of","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But how big is it in relation to Earth?","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","how","big","is","it","in","relation","to","Earth","?"],"tags":[0,11,12,21,1,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our Moon is the biggest in the Solar System in relation to its planet.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Our","Moon","is","the","biggest","in","the","Solar","System","in","relation","to","its","planet","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And it's the fifth largest Moon in the Solar System.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","it","'s","the","fifth","largest","Moon","in","the","Solar","System","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Now, if the Moon is really that huge, how far away is it from us to seem this small in the night sky?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":56,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":100,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":24,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Now",",","if","the","Moon","is","really","that","huge",",","how","far","away","is","it","from","us","to","seem","this","small","in","the","night","sky","?"],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,21,3,13,14,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"No, at that distance, gravitational forces would rip the Moon apart.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["No",",","at","that","distance",",","gravitational","forces","would","rip","the","Moon","apart","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,35,0]}
{"text":"At 36,000 kilometers, it would be as far away as our most distant satellite.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","36,000","kilometers",",","it","would","be","as","far","away","as","our","most","distant","satellite","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's adjust the distance to reality.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","adjust","the","distance","to","reality","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"A 747 would need 28 straight days to fly to the Moon, and even with our current technology, we'd need two full days.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":115,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["A","747","would","need","28","straight","days","to","fly","to","the","Moon",",","and","even","with","our","current","technology",",","we","'d","need","two","full","days","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, how big is the Moon?","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So",",","how","big","is","the","Moon","?"],"tags":[0,0,11,12,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Well, it kind of depends how you define big.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Well",",","it","kind","of","depends","how","you","define","big","."],"tags":[0,0,3,13,14,25,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But seriously, though, it's pretty big.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","seriously",",","though",",","it","'s","pretty","big","."],"tags":[0,13,0,13,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Hey, YouTube, we'll try something new this month.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Hey",",","YouTube",",","we","'ll","try","something","new","this","month","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"So, see you next week.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So",",","see","you","next","week","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"It's time!","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","time","!"],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Let's reveal the 12,024 Human Era Calendar with a big bang!","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","reveal","the","12,024","Human","Era","Calendar","with","a","big","bang","!"],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The Kurzgesagt calendar is special because we're adding 10,000 years to include all of humanity no matter their culture or origin.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","Kurzgesagt","calendar","is","special","because","we","'re","adding","10,000","years","to","include","all","of","humanity","no","matter","their","culture","or","origin","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"12,000 years ago humans first started working together on a larger scale, laying the foundation for civilization and the future of us all.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["12,000","years","ago","humans","first","started","working","together","on","a","larger","scale",",","laying","the","foundation","for","civilization","and","the","future","of","us","all","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This year we're looking at the cosmos and all the possible life that could be thriving on myriads of worlds, hosting radically different animals and beings from the ones on Earth.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":178,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":32,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","year","we","'re","looking","at","the","cosmos","and","all","the","possible","life","that","could","be","thriving","on","myriads","of","worlds",",","hosting","radically","different","animals","and","beings","from","the","ones","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Where in the universe might life exist?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Where","in","the","universe","might","life","exist","?"],"tags":[13,13,14,14,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"And how would different cosmic environments affect the basic rules of life?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","how","would","different","cosmic","environments","affect","the","basic","rules","of","life","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Join us in 12,024 and find out!","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Join","us","in","12,024","and","find","out","!"],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"Explore strange cosmic habitats and extraterrestrial life forms on 12 awe-inspiring pages.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Explore","strange","cosmic","habitats","and","extraterrestrial","life","forms","on","12","awe","-","inspiring","pages","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There's also lots of room for you to keep track of your life here on Earth.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","'s","also","lots","of","room","for","you","to","keep","track","of","your","life","here","on","Earth","."],"tags":[3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Add some serious space magnificence to your home, but be careful, the extremely radiant cover may blind you.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Add","some","serious","space","magnificence","to","your","home",",","but","be","careful",",","the","extremely","radiant","cover","may","blind","you","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Get the calendar now before it sells out.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Get","the","calendar","now","before","it","sells","out","."],"tags":[19,5,6,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We also have bundles and special calendar deals with some of your favorite products.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","also","have","bundles","and","special","calendar","deals","with","some","of","your","favorite","products","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so much to all of the thousands of birbs who get the calendar every year.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","to","all","of","the","thousands","of","birbs","who","get","the","calendar","every","year","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"With every purchase you support the Kurzgesagt division of sparking curiosity and inspiring people all around the world.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":119,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["With","every","purchase","you","support","the","Kurzgesagt","division","of","sparking","curiosity","and","inspiring","people","all","around","the","world","."],"tags":[13,14,14,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We wish you an epic year 12,024.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","wish","you","an","epic","year","12,024","."],"tags":[1,19,9,7,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"What is evolution?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","is","evolution","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,0]}
{"text":"Evolution is the development of life on Earth.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Evolution","is","the","development","of","life","on","Earth","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This is a process that began billions of years ago and is still continuing to this day.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","a","process","that","began","billions","of","years","ago","and","is","still","continuing","to","this","day","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Evolution tells us how it was possible for the enormous diversity of life to develop.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":84,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Evolution","tells","us","how","it","was","possible","for","the","enormous","diversity","of","life","to","develop","."],"tags":[1,25,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"It shows us how primitive protozoa could become the millions of different species that we see today.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":99,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","shows","us","how","primitive","protozoa","could","become","the","millions","of","different","species","that","we","see","today","."],"tags":[1,25,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"Evolution, then, is the answer to the question that we have all asked on seeing a Daxun and a Great Dane together.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":112,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":23,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Evolution",",","then",",","is","the","answer","to","the","question","that","we","have","all","asked","on","seeing","a","Daxun","and","a","Great","Dane","together","."],"tags":[1,0,13,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"How is it possible for ancestors to have descendants that look so very different to them?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["How","is","it","possible","for","ancestors","to","have","descendants","that","look","so","very","different","to","them","?"],"tags":[13,21,3,11,13,14,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In answering this question, we want to focus on animals, excluding other forms of life such as fungi and plants.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","answering","this","question",",","we","want","to","focus","on","animals",",","excluding","other","forms","of","life","such","as","fungi","and","plants","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The first question to ask is therefore, how can one animal develop into a whole new species of animal?","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","first","question","to","ask","is","therefore",",","how","can","one","animal","develop","into","a","whole","new","species","of","animal","?"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,13,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"What exactly is a species?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","exactly","is","a","species","?"],"tags":[11,13,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"A species is a community of animals that is capable of producing offspring with one another, with those offspring also being capable of reproducing in turn.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":154,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":26,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["A","species","is","a","community","of","animals","that","is","capable","of","producing","offspring","with","one","another",",","with","those","offspring","also","being","capable","of","reproducing","in","turn","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"To understand this answer better, we need to take a closer look at the following points.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["To","understand","this","answer","better",",","we","need","to","take","a","closer","look","at","the","following","points","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's begin with uniqueness.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","begin","with","uniqueness","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Every creature that exists is unique, and this is essential for evolution.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Every","creature","that","exists","is","unique",",","and","this","is","essential","for","evolution","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The members of a species may strongly resemble each other in appearance, however, they all have slightly different traits and characteristics.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","members","of","a","species","may","strongly","resemble","each","other","in","appearance",",","however",",","they","all","have","slightly","different","traits","and","characteristics","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They may be a bit bigger, fatter, stronger or bolder than their fellow animals.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","may","be","a","bit","bigger",",","fatter",",","stronger","or","bolder","than","their","fellow","animals","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So, what is the reason for these differences?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So",",","what","is","the","reason","for","these","differences","?"],"tags":[0,0,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Let's take a closer look at a creature.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","take","a","closer","look","at","a","creature","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Every creature is made up of cells.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Every","creature","is","made","up","of","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,35,36,33,0]}
{"text":"These cells have a nucleus.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["These","cells","have","a","nucleus","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The nucleus contains the chromosomes, and the chromosomes hold the DNA.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","nucleus","contains","the","chromosomes",",","and","the","chromosomes","hold","the","DNA","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"DNA consists of different genes, and it's these genes that are life's information carriers.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["DNA","consists","of","different","genes",",","and","it","'s","these","genes","that","are","life","'s","information","carriers","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They contain instructions and orders for the cells, and determine the characteristics and traits that living creatures have.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["They","contain","instructions","and","orders","for","the","cells",",","and","determine","the","characteristics","and","traits","that","living","creatures","have","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And it's precisely this DNA that is unique to every creature.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","it","'s","precisely","this","DNA","that","is","unique","to","every","creature","."],"tags":[0,3,21,13,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It's slightly different from individual to individual, which is why each has slightly different characteristics.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","slightly","different","from","individual","to","individual",",","which","is","why","each","has","slightly","different","characteristics","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But how is the enormous range of DNA created?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","how","is","the","enormous","range","of","DNA","created","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,2,2,2,2,29,0]}
{"text":"One key factor is the excess production of offspring.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["One","key","factor","is","the","excess","production","of","offspring","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In nature, we can observe that creatures generally produce far more offspring than is necessary for the survival of their species,","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":129,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":21,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","nature",",","we","can","observe","that","creatures","generally","produce","far","more","offspring","than","is","necessary","for","the","survival","of","their","species",","],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Often, there are even more offspring than the environment in which they live is able to support.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Often",",","there","are","even","more","offspring","than","the","environment","in","which","they","live","is","able","to","support","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This is one factor in increasing diversity within a species.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","one","factor","in","increasing","diversity","within","a","species","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The more offspring that are produced, the more little differences occur.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":66,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","more","offspring","that","are","produced",",","the","more","little","differences","occur","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,0]}
{"text":"And this is what nature wants \u2013 as many little differences as possible.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","this","is","what","nature","wants","\u2013","as","many","little","differences","as","possible","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The second major cause of the uniqueness of individuals occurs in heredity itself.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":56,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","second","major","cause","of","the","uniqueness","of","individuals","occurs","in","heredity","itself","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"By the way, heredity means the passing on of DNA to offspring.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["By","the","way",",","heredity","means","the","passing","on","of","DNA","to","offspring","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Two very interesting factors come into play in this process \u2013 recombination and mutation.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Two","very","interesting","factors","come","into","play","in","this","process","\u2013","recombination","and","mutation","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,13,14,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Recombination is the random mixing of the DNA of two creatures.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Recombination","is","the","random","mixing","of","the","DNA","of","two","creatures","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"When two creatures fall in love and mate, they recombine their genes twice.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["When","two","creatures","fall","in","love","and","mate",",","they","recombine","their","genes","twice","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,13,0]}
{"text":"The gametes take half of the genes and shuffle them.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","gametes","take","half","of","the","genes","and","shuffle","them","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"The second recombination occurs when a male inseminates a female.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","second","recombination","occurs","when","a","male","inseminates","a","female","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The parents each provide 50% of their DNA, in other words, 50% of their unique traits and characteristics.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","parents","each","provide","50","%","of","their","DNA",",","in","other","words",",","50","%","of","their","unique","traits","and","characteristics","."],"tags":[1,2,39,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"These are then recombined or mixed, and the result is new offspring.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["These","are","then","recombined","or","mixed",",","and","the","result","is","new","offspring","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,0,41,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"These offspring have a random mix of the DNA and therefore the traits and characteristics of their parents.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["These","offspring","have","a","random","mix","of","the","DNA","and","therefore","the","traits","and","characteristics","of","their","parents","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This increases the diversity and differences within a species even further.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","increases","the","diversity","and","differences","within","a","species","even","further","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But mutations are also important for evolution.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","mutations","are","also","important","for","evolution","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Mutations are random changes in DNA.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Mutations","are","random","changes","in","DNA","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"These can also be described as copying errors within the DNA, triggered by toxins or other chemical substances or by radiation.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":126,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["These","can","also","be","described","as","copying","errors","within","the","DNA",",","triggered","by","toxins","or","other","chemical","substances","or","by","radiation","."],"tags":[1,15,13,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"A mutation exists when a part of the DNA is altered.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["A","mutation","exists","when","a","part","of","the","DNA","is","altered","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These changes are often negative and may result in illnesses such as cancer.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["These","changes","are","often","negative","and","may","result","in","illnesses","such","as","cancer","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"However, they may also have neutral or positive effects, such as the blue eye colour in humans, which is one such random mutation.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":128,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":25,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["However",",","they","may","also","have","neutral","or","positive","effects",",","such","as","the","blue","eye","colour","in","humans",",","which","is","one","such","random","mutation","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In all cases, a mutation has to affect a gamete, that is, a sperm or egg cell.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","all","cases",",","a","mutation","has","to","affect","a","gamete",",","that","is",",","a","sperm","or","egg","cell","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Because only the DNA in the gametes is passed on to the offspring.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Because","only","the","DNA","in","the","gametes","is","passed","on","to","the","offspring","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,35,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is also the reason why we protect our sexual organs during X-rays, whilst other parts of the body are not at risk.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":117,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","also","the","reason","why","we","protect","our","sexual","organs","during","X","-","rays",",","whilst","other","parts","of","the","body","are","not","at","risk","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In summary then, in the heredity process, creatures pass on their characteristics to their offspring in the form of DNA.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["In","summary","then",",","in","the","heredity","process",",","creatures","pass","on","their","characteristics","to","their","offspring","in","the","form","of","DNA","."],"tags":[13,14,13,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Recombination and mutation change the DNA, so that each child looks different to its siblings and receives a random mix of the characteristics of its parents.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Recombination","and","mutation","change","the","DNA",",","so","that","each","child","looks","different","to","its","siblings","and","receives","a","random","mix","of","the","characteristics","of","its","parents","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"There's a key word here.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["There","'s","a","key","word","here","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,13,0]}
{"text":"All of these processes are based on chance.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["All","of","these","processes","are","based","on","chance","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Random recombination and mutations result in individuals with random mixes of traits and characteristics, which in turn mix these randomly and pass them on.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":155,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":24,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Random","recombination","and","mutations","result","in","individuals","with","random","mixes","of","traits","and","characteristics",",","which","in","turn","mix","these","randomly","and","pass","them","on","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But how can so much be down to chance when all living creatures are so perfectly adapted to their environment?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","how","can","so","much","be","down","to","chance","when","all","living","creatures","are","so","perfectly","adapted","to","their","environment","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,2,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The answer is provided by the second key point, selection.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","answer","is","provided","by","the","second","key","point",",","selection","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Each individual is subjected to a process of natural selection.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Each","individual","is","subjected","to","a","process","of","natural","selection","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As we have learned, each individual is somewhat different to its fellows, and there is extensive variation within a species.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["As","we","have","learned",",","each","individual","is","somewhat","different","to","its","fellows",",","and","there","is","extensive","variation","within","a","species","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Environmental influences have an effect on living creatures.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Environmental","influences","have","an","effect","on","living","creatures","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"These so-called selection factors include predators, parasites, animals of the same species, toxins, changes in habitat or the climate.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["These","so","-","called","selection","factors","include","predators",",","parasites",",","animals","of","the","same","species",",","toxins",",","changes","in","habitat","or","the","climate","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Selection is a process that each individual is subjected to.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Selection","is","a","process","that","each","individual","is","subjected","to","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Every creature has a unique mix of traits and characteristics.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Every","creature","has","a","unique","mix","of","traits","and","characteristics","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This mix helps them to survive in their environment.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","mix","helps","them","to","survive","in","their","environment","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Anyone with an unsuitable mix will be selected from the environment.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Anyone","with","an","unsuitable","mix","will","be","selected","from","the","environment","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Those with the right mix survive and can pass on their enhanced traits and characteristics.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Those","with","the","right","mix","survive","and","can","pass","on","their","enhanced","traits","and","characteristics","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is why diversity is so important.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","why","diversity","is","so","important","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This is why creatures make so much effort to produce offspring that are as different as possible.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","why","creatures","make","so","much","effort","to","produce","offspring","that","are","as","different","as","possible","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They increase the likelihood that at least one of their offspring passes nature's selection process.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","increase","the","likelihood","that","at","least","one","of","their","offspring","passes","nature","'s","selection","process","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They maximize their chances of survival.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","maximize","their","chances","of","survival","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A good example of this can be seen in a group of finches living on a remote island.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","good","example","of","this","can","be","seen","in","a","group","of","finches","living","on","a","remote","island","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They are some of the most famous animals in the world of science and are known as Darwin finches, after their discoverer Charles Darwin.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":135,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["They","are","some","of","the","most","famous","animals","in","the","world","of","science","and","are","known","as","Darwin","finches",",","after","their","discoverer","Charles","Darwin","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And this is the story of those finches.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","this","is","the","story","of","those","finches","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A few hundred years ago, a small group of finches was blown onto the Galapagos Islands in the middle of the Pacific, probably by a big storm.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":22,"token_start":13},{"end":139,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":117,"token_end":28,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["A","few","hundred","years","ago",",","a","small","group","of","finches","was","blown","onto","the","Galapagos","Islands","in","the","middle","of","the","Pacific",",","probably","by","a","big","storm","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The finches found themselves in an environment that was completely new to them.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","finches","found","themselves","in","an","environment","that","was","completely","new","to","them","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"They reproduced rapidly and numerously.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","reproduced","rapidly","and","numerously","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The islands were soon heaving with finches.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","islands","were","soon","heaving","with","finches","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,27,13,14,0]}
{"text":"This meant that food supplies became increasingly scarce.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","meant","that","food","supplies","became","increasingly","scarce","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The finch paradise was threatened with famine and finch friends became competitors.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","finch","paradise","was","threatened","with","famine","and","finch","friends","became","competitors","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,0,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is when selection intervened.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","when","selection","intervened","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Their individuality and small differences, in this case their slightly different beaks, meant that some of the birds were able to avoid competing with their fellow finches.","spans":[{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":93,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":88,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":171,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":28,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Their","individuality","and","small","differences",",","in","this","case","their","slightly","different","beaks",",","meant","that","some","of","the","birds","were","able","to","avoid","competing","with","their","fellow","finches","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The beaks of some of the finches were more suitable for digging for worms.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","beaks","of","some","of","the","finches","were","more","suitable","for","digging","for","worms","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Other finches were able to use their beaks better for cracking seeds.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Other","finches","were","able","to","use","their","beaks","better","for","cracking","seeds","."],"tags":[1,2,17,18,18,19,5,6,13,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The finches consequently sought out ecological niches.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","finches","consequently","sought","out","ecological","niches","."],"tags":[1,2,13,31,32,5,6,0]}
{"text":"In these niches, they were safe from excessive competition.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","these","niches",",","they","were","safe","from","excessive","competition","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They soon began to mate primarily with other finches that used the same niche.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","soon","began","to","mate","primarily","with","other","finches","that","used","the","same","niche","."],"tags":[1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Over the course of many generations, these characteristics were enhanced, enabling the finches to exploit their niches successfully.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Over","the","course","of","many","generations",",","these","characteristics","were","enhanced",",","enabling","the","finches","to","exploit","their","niches","successfully","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The differences between the worm diggers and the seed crackers became so large that they were no longer able to mate with one another.","spans":[{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":132,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","differences","between","the","worm","diggers","and","the","seed","crackers","became","so","large","that","they","were","no","longer","able","to","mate","with","one","another","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Different species emerged as a result.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Different","species","emerged","as","a","result","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Today there are 14 different species of finch living on the Galapagos Islands, all of which are descended from the same group of stranded finches.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":145,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Today","there","are","14","different","species","of","finch","living","on","the","Galapagos","Islands",",","all","of","which","are","descended","from","the","same","group","of","stranded","finches","."],"tags":[13,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This is how new species are created by evolution.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","how","new","species","are","created","by","evolution","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Why is this so important?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Why","is","this","so","important","?"],"tags":[13,21,1,11,12,0]}
{"text":"It tells us where the variety of life comes from and why living creatures are so perfectly adapted to their habitats.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":116,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","tells","us","where","the","variety","of","life","comes","from","and","why","living","creatures","are","so","perfectly","adapted","to","their","habitats","."],"tags":[1,25,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"But it also affects us personally.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","it","also","affects","us","personally","."],"tags":[0,1,13,25,5,13,0]}
{"text":"Every person is the result of 3.5 billion years of evolution.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Every","person","is","the","result","of","3.5","billion","years","of","evolution","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And that includes you.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","that","includes","you","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,0]}
{"text":"Your ancestors fought and adapted in order to survive.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","ancestors","fought","and","adapted","in","order","to","survive","."],"tags":[1,2,23,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This survival was an extremely uncertain thing.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","survival","was","an","extremely","uncertain","thing","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If we consider the fact that 99% of all the species that have ever lived are extinct, then you can consider yourself part of a success story.","spans":[{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":95,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":107,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":99,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":116,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":108,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":140,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":117,"token_end":28,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["If","we","consider","the","fact","that","99","%","of","all","the","species","that","have","ever","lived","are","extinct",",","then","you","can","consider","yourself","part","of","a","success","story","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The dinosaurs have disappeared, but you are alive, watching this video.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","dinosaurs","have","disappeared",",","but","you","are","alive",",","watching","this","video","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Because you're incredibly special.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Because","you","'re","incredibly","special","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"A few days ago, Facebook proudly announced that they'd achieved 8 billion video views a day.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","few","days","ago",",","Facebook","proudly","announced","that","they","'d","achieved","8","billion","video","views","a","day","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That's really impressive, until you learn that in the first quarter of 2015, 725 of the thousand most viewed videos on Facebook were stolen, amassing a total of 17 billion views.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":176,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":34,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["That","'s","really","impressive",",","until","you","learn","that","in","the","first","quarter","of","2015",",","725","of","the","thousand","most","viewed","videos","on","Facebook","were","stolen",",","amassing","a","total","of","17","billion","views","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Sites and content aggregators steal videos from YouTube to go viral on Facebook.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Sites","and","content","aggregators","steal","videos","from","YouTube","to","go","viral","on","Facebook","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"These videos go viral because Facebook is cheating.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["These","videos","go","viral","because","Facebook","is","cheating","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They rigged their algorithm so that videos uploaded into their player are preferred to YouTube links,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","rigged","their","algorithm","so","that","videos","uploaded","into","their","player","are","preferred","to","YouTube","links",","],"tags":[1,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"because users should be kept as long as possible on the site, so Facebook can show them as many ads as possible.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["because","users","should","be","kept","as","long","as","possible","on","the","site",",","so","Facebook","can","show","them","as","many","ads","as","possible","."],"tags":[0,1,15,15,21,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is, after all, their business model.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","is",",","after","all",",","their","business","model","."],"tags":[1,21,0,13,14,0,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But it also cheats when it comes to views.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","also","cheats","when","it","comes","to","views","."],"tags":[0,1,13,25,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A view is counted after 3 seconds, even if the video is muted.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","view","is","counted","after","3","seconds",",","even","if","the","video","is","muted","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"That means engagement is terrible.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","means","engagement","is","terrible","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Compared to YouTube views, Facebook views plummet after a few seconds, because most views are not real.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Compared","to","YouTube","views",",","Facebook","views","plummet","after","a","few","seconds",",","because","most","views","are","not","real","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But large numbers are impressive, so Facebook keeps pretending.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","large","numbers","are","impressive",",","so","Facebook","keeps","pretending","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"While this force to virality is weird, the real problem is the so-called freebooting, the stealing of videos.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":107,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["While","this","force","to","virality","is","weird",",","the","real","problem","is","the","so","-","called","freebooting",",","the","stealing","of","videos","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Since facebook prefers its own player, stolen videos reach way more people than the original.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Since","facebook","prefers","its","own","player",",","stolen","videos","reach","way","more","people","than","the","original","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Lately, this has happened to us more and more often.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Lately",",","this","has","happened","to","us","more","and","more","often","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,29,13,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The most recent example amassed 3.2 million views and 140,000 shares in two days, while our own post just reached 100,000 people and got shared 1,000 times.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":27,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","most","recent","example","amassed","3.2","million","views","and","140,000","shares","in","two","days",",","while","our","own","post","just","reached","100,000","people","and","got","shared","1,000","times","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Other creators are hit even harder.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Other","creators","are","hit","even","harder","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Smarter Every Day's videos get stolen constantly, getting viewed up to 17 million times.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Smarter","Every","Day","'s","videos","get","stolen","constantly",",","getting","viewed","up","to","17","million","times","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But even this is dwarfed by examples like Tyrese Gibson, a singer who steals viral videos like this with 86 million views on his Facebook page.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":142,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":26,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","even","this","is","dwarfed","by","examples","like","Tyrese","Gibson",",","a","singer","who","steals","viral","videos","like","this","with","86","million","views","on","his","Facebook","page","."],"tags":[0,13,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"He adds a link to buy his music, too.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["He","adds","a","link","to","buy","his","music",",","too","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,0,13,0]}
{"text":"He's not alone in this.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["He","'s","not","alone","in","this","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A whole group of people have built their online presence around stealing other people's work.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["A","whole","group","of","people","have","built","their","online","presence","around","stealing","other","people","'s","work","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is really bad for independent creators.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","really","bad","for","independent","creators","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Contrary to popular belief, stolen content gives creators close to no exposure at all.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Contrary","to","popular","belief",",","stolen","content","gives","creators","close","to","no","exposure","at","all","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,9,1,2,2,2,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Only the thief and Facebook profit from this.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Only","the","thief","and","Facebook","profit","from","this","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Quality content takes a lot of creativity, time, and love.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Quality","content","takes","a","lot","of","creativity",",","time",",","and","love","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In our case, a single video literally takes hundreds of hours to make.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","our","case",",","a","single","video","literally","takes","hundreds","of","hours","to","make","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,13,25,5,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Even we, with more than a million subscribers, are dependent on the ads and exposure.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Even","we",",","with","more","than","a","million","subscribers",",","are","dependent","on","the","ads","and","exposure","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Without ads, and the support of our generous patrons, we could not make videos.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Without","ads",",","and","the","support","of","our","generous","patrons",",","we","could","not","make","videos","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,0]}
{"text":"For a small creator, a viral video can mean the difference between a career and a hobby.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["For","a","small","creator",",","a","viral","video","can","mean","the","difference","between","a","career","and","a","hobby","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"On YouTube, this kind of theft is not a problem because they have major safeguards that protect content from being stolen.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["On","YouTube",",","this","kind","of","theft","is","not","a","problem","because","they","have","major","safeguards","that","protect","content","from","being","stolen","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Although the content ID system is far from perfect, especially for film critics and gamers.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Although","the","content","ID","system","is","far","from","perfect",",","especially","for","film","critics","and","gamers","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Facebook, on the other hand, pretends everything is fine and constantly announces one milestone after the other.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Facebook",",","on","the","other","hand",",","pretends","everything","is","fine","and","constantly","announces","one","milestone","after","the","other","."],"tags":[1,0,13,14,14,14,0,25,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But things are not fine.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","things","are","not","fine","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"Let's look at the process of claiming your copyright on Facebook in the last year.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":81,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","look","at","the","process","of","claiming","your","copyright","on","Facebook","in","the","last","year","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"One, get an email or tweet from a fan that gives you a direct link to your video.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["One",",","get","an","email","or","tweet","from","a","fan","that","gives","you","a","direct","link","to","your","video","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"It's not possible to search for your videos on Facebook yourself.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","possible","to","search","for","your","videos","on","Facebook","yourself","."],"tags":[3,21,37,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"You depend on luck to find your stolen videos.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","depend","on","luck","to","find","your","stolen","videos","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Two, search for Facebook copyright infringement on Google because it's actually faster this way.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Two",",","search","for","Facebook","copyright","infringement","on","Google","because","it","'s","actually","faster","this","way","."],"tags":[0,0,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Three, fill out an annoyingly long contact form.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Three",",","fill","out","an","annoyingly","long","contact","form","."],"tags":[0,0,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Four, watch the views on your stolen videos rise.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Four",",","watch","the","views","on","your","stolen","videos","rise","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,33,0]}
{"text":"Five, Facebook finally pulls the video.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Five",",","Facebook","finally","pulls","the","video","."],"tags":[0,0,1,13,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Conveniently, the video has already gained 99% of all the views it will ever get.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Conveniently",",","the","video","has","already","gained","99","%","of","all","the","views","it","will","ever","get","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The thief doesn't have to fear any negative consequences at all.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","thief","does","n't","have","to","fear","any","negative","consequences","at","all","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,17,18,19,5,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"This is what successful creators have to deal with constantly.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","what","successful","creators","have","to","deal","with","constantly","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And on top of losing out in terms of exposure and money, it just feels like a violation to be treated like that.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":70,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":16},{"end":111,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":23,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["And","on","top","of","losing","out","in","terms","of","exposure","and","money",",","it","just","feels","like","a","violation","to","be","treated","like","that","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,13,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In a recent statement, Facebook announced they want to change.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","a","recent","statement",",","Facebook","announced","they","want","to","change","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But it's hard to take them seriously when it still takes days for a stolen viral video to be taken down.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","hard","to","take","them","seriously","when","it","still","takes","days","for","a","stolen","viral","video","to","be","taken","down","."],"tags":[0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And Facebook does not share the profits made from it.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","Facebook","does","not","share","the","profits","made","from","it","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"At this point, Facebook is not a partner creators look forward to working with.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","this","point",",","Facebook","is","not","a","partner","creators","look","forward","to","working","with","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They've built their video empire on stolen content and disregard for original content creators.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","'ve","built","their","video","empire","on","stolen","content","and","disregard","for","original","content","creators","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is absolutely unacceptable for a corporation worth billions of dollars.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","is","absolutely","unacceptable","for","a","corporation","worth","billions","of","dollars","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Facebook is already testing various monetization models that will give the uploaders a cut of the ad revenue, which with the current state of play is troubling.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":158,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":27,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Facebook","is","already","testing","various","monetization","models","that","will","give","the","uploaders","a","cut","of","the","ad","revenue",",","which","with","the","current","state","of","play","is","troubling","."],"tags":[1,15,13,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Right now, this is mainly being tested with big media companies.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Right","now",",","this","is","mainly","being","tested","with","big","media","companies","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But as creators, we don't feel like we're being asked or taken into consideration by the giant that is Facebook.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":111,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","as","creators",",","we","do","n't","feel","like","we","'re","being","asked","or","taken","into","consideration","by","the","giant","that","is","Facebook","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,15,37,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Staying alive is about doing things.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Staying","alive","is","about","doing","things","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This very second, your cells are combusting glucose molecules with oxygen to make energy available, which keeps you alive for another precious moment.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":148,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":24,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["This","very","second",",","your","cells","are","combusting","glucose","molecules","with","oxygen","to","make","energy","available",",","which","keeps","you","alive","for","another","precious","moment","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,27,5,6,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To get the oxygen to your cells, you're breathing.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["To","get","the","oxygen","to","your","cells",",","you","'re","breathing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,0]}
{"text":"Breathing is an answer to a very hard problem.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Breathing","is","an","answer","to","a","very","hard","problem","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"How do you get the resources that your cells need to survive from the outside to the inside of your cells?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["How","do","you","get","the","resources","that","your","cells","need","to","survive","from","the","outside","to","the","inside","of","your","cells","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Every living thing has to solve this problem, and the solution is surprisingly different depending on one of the most important regulators of life \u2013 size.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":153,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":26,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Every","living","thing","has","to","solve","this","problem",",","and","the","solution","is","surprisingly","different","depending","on","one","of","the","most","important","regulators","of","life","\u2013","size","."],"tags":[1,2,2,17,18,19,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As we've discussed in other videos, at different scales, the physical laws of the universe have different consequences for its inhabitants.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":89,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":17,"token_start":12},{"end":94,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":91,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":137,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":23,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["As","we","'ve","discussed","in","other","videos",",","at","different","scales",",","the","physical","laws","of","the","universe","have","different","consequences","for","its","inhabitants","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Simple things like temperature, microgravity or surface tension might not matter to you or be a deadly danger, depending on how big you are.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":73,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":74,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":139,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":91,"token_end":25,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Simple","things","like","temperature",",","microgravity","or","surface","tension","might","not","matter","to","you","or","be","a","deadly","danger",",","depending","on","how","big","you","are","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Living things need a lot of different materials to keep themselves going, and they somehow need to transport them from the outside to the inside.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Living","things","need","a","lot","of","different","materials","to","keep","themselves","going",",","and","they","somehow","need","to","transport","them","from","the","outside","to","the","inside","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This was a huge problem for the first things on the verge of being alive, because doing anything in our universe requires energy.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":14,"token_start":5},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["This","was","a","huge","problem","for","the","first","things","on","the","verge","of","being","alive",",","because","doing","anything","in","our","universe","requires","energy","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And the first living beings on Earth did not have the abundance of tools and techniques available that life has today after billions of years of evolution.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":154,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":26,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","the","first","living","beings","on","Earth","did","not","have","the","abundance","of","tools","and","techniques","available","that","life","has","today","after","billions","of","years","of","evolution","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So, at the very beginning, life needed to find a way to get good stuff inside and bad stuff outside of itself without using energy.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":130,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":26,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So",",","at","the","very","beginning",",","life","needed","to","find","a","way","to","get","good","stuff","inside","and","bad","stuff","outside","of","itself","without","using","energy","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Luckily, the very first forms of life were very, very small.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Luckily",",","the","very","first","forms","of","life","were","very",",","very","small","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And because they were so small, they were able to use a free form of transport that was based on a physical law called diffusion.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":128,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","because","they","were","so","small",",","they","were","able","to","use","a","free","form","of","transport","that","was","based","on","a","physical","law","called","diffusion","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Diffusion is the rule of the universe that molecules, especially in liquids or gases, are constantly moving around in all directions.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Diffusion","is","the","rule","of","the","universe","that","molecules",",","especially","in","liquids","or","gases",",","are","constantly","moving","around","in","all","directions","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And because they move around and bump into each other and other molecules, they tend to spread.","spans":[{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":80,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":94,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["And","because","they","move","around","and","bump","into","each","other","and","other","molecules",",","they","tend","to","spread","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,33,34,0]}
{"text":"For example, if you drop a sugar cube into water, then there is a lot of sugar in one place, and in another place, there's none.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":60,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":18,"token_start":15},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":21,"token_start":19},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":97,"token_end":30,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["For","example",",","if","you","drop","a","sugar","cube","into","water",",","then","there","is","a","lot","of","sugar","in","one","place",",","and","in","another","place",",","there","'s","none","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,3,21,1,2,2,2,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As sugar molecules dissolve in the water, they will start randomly bumping against the water molecules and other sugar molecules.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":128,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","sugar","molecules","dissolve","in","the","water",",","they","will","start","randomly","bumping","against","the","water","molecules","and","other","sugar","molecules","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Slowly, all the sugar molecules will spread out and form multiple phases of different concentrations.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Slowly",",","all","the","sugar","molecules","will","spread","out","and","form","multiple","phases","of","different","concentrations","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,15,31,32,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"These random movements continue endlessly until at some point, the sugar will be spread evenly in the water.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["These","random","movements","continue","endlessly","until","at","some","point",",","the","sugar","will","be","spread","evenly","in","the","water","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The great thing about diffusion is that life can use it for free.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","great","thing","about","diffusion","is","that","life","can","use","it","for","free","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It doesn't require energy.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","does","n't","require","energy","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,0]}
{"text":"And life loves free things.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","life","loves","free","things","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"So all life on Earth relies on diffusion.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","all","life","on","Earth","relies","on","diffusion","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,31,32,5,0]}
{"text":"Let's look at the smallest living being on Earth, a bacterium.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":61,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","look","at","the","smallest","living","being","on","Earth",",","a","bacterium","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Cell membranes allow for diffusion of certain molecules.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Cell","membranes","allow","for","diffusion","of","certain","molecules","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This specific bacterium consumes oxygen to live, while carbon dioxide is produced inside as a waste product.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","specific","bacterium","consumes","oxygen","to","live",",","while","carbon","dioxide","is","produced","inside","as","a","waste","product","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So inside the bacterium, there isn't a lot of oxygen, but a lot of carbon dioxide.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","inside","the","bacterium",",","there","is","n't","a","lot","of","oxygen",",","but","a","lot","of","carbon","dioxide","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,3,21,37,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Because of diffusion, these molecules will eventually spread evenly, so the carbon dioxide diffuses out, while oxygen is constantly replenished from the outside.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":160,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Because","of","diffusion",",","these","molecules","will","eventually","spread","evenly",",","so","the","carbon","dioxide","diffuses","out",",","while","oxygen","is","constantly","replenished","from","the","outside","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,13,19,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But this kind of breathing only works for the very small world.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","this","kind","of","breathing","only","works","for","the","very","small","world","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,13,25,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Insects, for example, have a fine network of trachea, tunnels with a pressure gradient, where air very slowly can diffuse in and exchange gases with the insect cells.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":164,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":31,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Insects",",","for","example",",","have","a","fine","network","of","trachea",",","tunnels","with","a","pressure","gradient",",","where","air","very","slowly","can","diffuse","in","and","exchange","gases","with","the","insect","cells","."],"tags":[1,0,13,14,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But even insects seem to be able to contract their trachea, and at least some even have specialized breathing organs like spiracles and air sacs.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":25,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","even","insects","seem","to","be","able","to","contract","their","trachea",",","and","at","least","some","even","have","specialized","breathing","organs","like","spiracles","and","air","sacs","."],"tags":[0,1,2,17,18,17,18,18,19,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"At certain scales, diffusion is just too slow to keep cells alive.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["At","certain","scales",",","diffusion","is","just","too","slow","to","keep","cells","alive","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The fundamental problem is that the exchange with the environment can only happen at the surface, and diffusion of materials can only sustain a certain amount of inside.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":167,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":28,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","fundamental","problem","is","that","the","exchange","with","the","environment","can","only","happen","at","the","surface",",","and","diffusion","of","materials","can","only","sustain","a","certain","amount","of","inside","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Tiny living things have only a little bit of inside, or volume, and a lot of outside, or surface area.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Tiny","living","things","have","only","a","little","bit","of","inside",",","or","volume",",","and","a","lot","of","outside",",","or","surface","area","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We would sadly be messed up by the square cube law.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","would","sadly","be","messed","up","by","the","square","cube","law","."],"tags":[1,15,13,15,29,35,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In a nutshell, it means that if you make something ten times larger, its outside, or surface, would grow by 100, but its insides, or volume, grows by 1000 times.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":160,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":36,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","a","nutshell",",","it","means","that","if","you","make","something","ten","times","larger",",","its","outside",",","or","surface",",","would","grow","by","100",",","but","its","insides",",","or","volume",",","grows","by","1000","times","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If we compare the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a blue whale, we see that the bacterium has 10 million times more surface in relation to its volume than the whale.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":170,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":30,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","we","compare","the","bacterium","Pseudomonas","aeruginosa","with","a","blue","whale",",","we","see","that","the","bacterium","has","10","million","times","more","surface","in","relation","to","its","volume","than","the","whale","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The bacterium has a lot of outsides, while the whale has a lot of insides.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","bacterium","has","a","lot","of","outsides",",","while","the","whale","has","a","lot","of","insides","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If we make a bacterium the size of a whale, our giant bacteria now has too much insides, and most of its inside is now very far from its surface.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":16},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":93,"token_end":31,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","we","make","a","bacterium","the","size","of","a","whale",",","our","giant","bacteria","now","has","too","much","insides",",","and","most","of","its","inside","is","now","very","far","from","its","surface","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,13,25,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The oxygen our bacterium needs would never reach the inside before it would run out of oxygen.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","oxygen","our","bacterium","needs","would","never","reach","the","inside","before","it","would","run","out","of","oxygen","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our giant bacterium would just die.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Our","giant","bacterium","would","just","die","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,19,0]}
{"text":"Still, being bigger has many upsides.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Still",",","being","bigger","has","many","upsides","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"But the size of cells is limited by the distance oxygen and nutrients can effectively diffuse to provide the inside with enough resources.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","the","size","of","cells","is","limited","by","the","distance","oxygen","and","nutrients","can","effectively","diffuse","to","provide","the","inside","with","enough","resources","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, life avoided this problem by forming multicellular structures.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So",",","life","avoided","this","problem","by","forming","multicellular","structures","."],"tags":[0,0,1,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Because diffusion works better if you have many small units instead of one much bigger one.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Because","diffusion","works","better","if","you","have","many","small","units","instead","of","one","much","bigger","one","."],"tags":[0,1,25,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Over time, the cell buddies began to share work and specialize.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Over","time",",","the","cell","buddies","began","to","share","work","and","specialize","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But that still wasn't enough.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","that","still","was","n't","enough","."],"tags":[0,1,13,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"The problem of diffusion and surface and energy production remained, limiting the size these first multicellular forms of life could attain.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":59,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":139,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","problem","of","diffusion","and","surface","and","energy","production","remained",",","limiting","the","size","these","first","multicellular","forms","of","life","could","attain","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, in order to become even bigger, life solved the diffusion problem by having holes and caves and tunnels and by folding in on itself.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":135,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":26,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["So",",","in","order","to","become","even","bigger",",","life","solved","the","diffusion","problem","by","having","holes","and","caves","and","tunnels","and","by","folding","in","on","itself","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So diffusion could happen easily in each one of the cells.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","diffusion","could","happen","easily","in","each","one","of","the","cells","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Take yourself.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Take","yourself","."],"tags":[19,5,0]}
{"text":"But your lungs have a surface area of about 70 square meters.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","your","lungs","have","a","surface","area","of","about","70","square","meters","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They aren't like balloons, they're more like sponges filled with many tightly packed tiny balloons surrounded by blood vessels.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","are","n't","like","balloons",",","they","'re","more","like","sponges","filled","with","many","tightly","packed","tiny","balloons","surrounded","by","blood","vessels","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"When you breathe in, all these tiny balloons fill up with fresh air.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["When","you","breathe","in",",","all","these","tiny","balloons","fill","up","with","fresh","air","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,31,32,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Blood filled up with CO2 is pumped around the balloons.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Blood","filled","up","with","CO2","is","pumped","around","the","balloons","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And then the magic of diffusion happens.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","then","the","magic","of","diffusion","happens","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,2,2,25,0]}
{"text":"The oxygen diffuses into the blood where it's picked up by red blood cells.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","oxygen","diffuses","into","the","blood","where","it","'s","picked","up","by","red","blood","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And the CO2 diffuses out of the blood and into your lungs where it can be breathed out again.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","the","CO2","diffuses","out","of","the","blood","and","into","your","lungs","where","it","can","be","breathed","out","again","."],"tags":[0,1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Your blood then carries oxygen-rich blood into the furthest corners of your body and picks up the CO2 waste.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":14,"token_start":8},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":85,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Your","blood","then","carries","oxygen","-","rich","blood","into","the","furthest","corners","of","your","body","and","picks","up","the","CO2","waste","."],"tags":[1,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Diffusion in the body is effective at about 1 millimeter.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u4ecb\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Diffusion","in","the","body","is","effective","at","about","1","millimeter","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So every cell in your body is at most 1 millimeter away from a blood vessel.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","every","cell","in","your","body","is","at","most","1","millimeter","away","from","a","blood","vessel","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So medium-sized animals like you need a lot of blood vessels to reach every cell in the body.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","medium","-","sized","animals","like","you","need","a","lot","of","blood","vessels","to","reach","every","cell","in","the","body","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Your body has around 100,000 kilometers of capillaries alone, the tiniest of your blood vessels, with a surface area of around 1,000 square meters.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":145,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Your","body","has","around","100,000","kilometers","of","capillaries","alone",",","the","tiniest","of","your","blood","vessels",",","with","a","surface","area","of","around","1,000","square","meters","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is true for all parts of you that want to exchange something with the outside world.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","true","for","all","parts","of","you","that","want","to","exchange","something","with","the","outside","world","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Your body needs surfaces to take in nutrients from your food, so your gut has the surface area of half a badminton court, roughly 40 square meters.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":146,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":28,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Your","body","needs","surfaces","to","take","in","nutrients","from","your","food",",","so","your","gut","has","the","surface","area","of","half","a","badminton","court",",","roughly","40","square","meters","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The larger you are, the more hidden surfaces you need.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","larger","you","are",",","the","more","hidden","surfaces","you","need","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,5,6,6,6,1,19,0]}
{"text":"Take a tree.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Take","a","tree","."],"tags":[19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Its way to stay alive is to create sugar out of thin air and sunlight.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Its","way","to","stay","alive","is","to","create","sugar","out","of","thin","air","and","sunlight","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"An orange tree with 2,000 leaves has a leaf surface area of 200 square meters.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["An","orange","tree","with","2,000","leaves","has","a","leaf","surface","area","of","200","square","meters","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But the surface inside the leaves, where diffusion actually occurs, is 6,000 square meters.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":70,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","the","surface","inside","the","leaves",",","where","diffusion","actually","occurs",",","is","6,000","square","meters","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The roots of 1 square meter of grass add up to around 350 square meters of surface.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","roots","of","1","square","meter","of","grass","add","up","to","around","350","square","meters","of","surface","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If we look at the breathtaking diversity of life on this planet, it seems like everything is pretty different.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":109,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","we","look","at","the","breathtaking","diversity","of","life","on","this","planet",",","it","seems","like","everything","is","pretty","different","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But some basic principles are the same for everybody, and have not changed significantly for billions of years.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","some","basic","principles","are","the","same","for","everybody",",","and","have","not","changed","significantly","for","billions","of","years","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Waste goes out and fresh fuel comes in.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Waste","goes","out","and","fresh","fuel","comes","in","."],"tags":[1,31,32,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Big animals just need a lot of complex plumbing to make it possible.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Big","animals","just","need","a","lot","of","complex","plumbing","to","make","it","possible","."],"tags":[1,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Fresh fuel is something we can all use from time to time, especially for our creativity.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Fresh","fuel","is","something","we","can","all","use","from","time","to","time",",","especially","for","our","creativity","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"All it really takes is to try something new, and we have the perfect opportunity to get you started.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["All","it","really","takes","is","to","try","something","new",",","and","we","have","the","perfect","opportunity","to","get","you","started","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We partnered with Skillshare, an online learning community that offers courses on almost any creative skill, such as design, illustration, animation, photography, and cooking.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":173,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":29,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","partnered","with","Skillshare",",","an","online","learning","community","that","offers","courses","on","almost","any","creative","skill",",","such","as","design",",","illustration",",","animation",",","photography",",","and","cooking","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They have thousands of courses starting from every level, so wherever you are right now, there'll be something for you.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["They","have","thousands","of","courses","starting","from","every","level",",","so","wherever","you","are","right","now",",","there","'ll","be","something","for","you","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Maybe you want to look behind the scenes of our animations, for example.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Maybe","you","want","to","look","behind","the","scenes","of","our","animations",",","for","example","."],"tags":[13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,0]}
{"text":"We've made a couple of Skillshare classes that teach you how we animated scenes from our videos with video lessons classes and hands-on projects.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":143,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":26,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'ve","made","a","couple","of","Skillshare","classes","that","teach","you","how","we","animated","scenes","from","our","videos","with","video","lessons","classes","and","hands","-","on","projects","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Or if you'd rather look into illustration first, we recommend Adobe Illustrator.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Or","if","you","'d","rather","look","into","illustration","first",",","we","recommend","Adobe","Illustrator","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Level up your colors by Hayden Obey.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Level","up","your","colors","by","Hayden","Obey","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But what you pick first doesn't really matter that much.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","what","you","pick","first","does","n't","really","matter","that","much","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,37,13,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The important part is to get started, have some fun, and get new inspiration.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","important","part","is","to","get","started",",","have","some","fun",",","and","get","new","inspiration","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Unlimited access to all classes is only $10 a month with an annual premium membership.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Unlimited","access","to","all","classes","is","only","$","10","a","month","with","an","annual","premium","membership","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And the first 1,000 Kurzgesagt viewers to click the link in the description get a special treat.","spans":[{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":76,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["And","the","first","1,000","Kurzgesagt","viewers","to","click","the","link","in","the","description","get","a","special","treat","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"If you want to break out of your rut by exploring a new skill and support Kurzgesagt, give it a try.","spans":[{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":86,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":92,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":98,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":21,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","break","out","of","your","rut","by","exploring","a","new","skill","and","support","Kurzgesagt",",","give","it","a","try","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,9,7,8,0]}
{"text":"And we have something else to make your learning experience truly perfect, our new Ocean Explorer notebook.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","we","have","something","else","to","make","your","learning","experience","truly","perfect",",","our","new","Ocean","Explorer","notebook","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It has beautiful sparkly four-lettering and four illustrated infographic pages inside, taking you on a journey under the sea.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["It","has","beautiful","sparkly","four","-","lettering","and","four","illustrated","infographic","pages","inside",",","taking","you","on","a","journey","under","the","sea","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Thank you for watching.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","for","watching","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Atoms are ridiculous and unbelievably small.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Atoms","are","ridiculous","and","unbelievably","small","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A single human hair is about as thick as 500,000 carbon atoms stacked over each other.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","single","human","hair","is","about","as","thick","as","500,000","carbon","atoms","stacked","over","each","other","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Look at your fist.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Look","at","your","fist","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,0]}
{"text":"It contains trillions and trillions of atoms.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","contains","trillions","and","trillions","of","atoms","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If one atom in it were about as big as a marble, how big would your fist be?","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":74,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":18,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","one","atom","in","it","were","about","as","big","as","a","marble",",","how","big","would","your","fist","be","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,15,1,2,21,0]}
{"text":"Let's try something different.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","try","something","different","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Look at your little finger.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Look","at","your","little","finger","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Imagine that its tip is as big as the room you're sitting in right now.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":15,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","that","its","tip","is","as","big","as","the","room","you","'re","sitting","in","right","now","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Now, fill the room with grains of rice.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Now",",","fill","the","room","with","grains","of","rice","."],"tags":[13,0,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One rice corn represents one cell of your fingertip.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["One","rice","corn","represents","one","cell","of","your","fingertip","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Now let's zoom in on the rice corn.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Now","let","'s","zoom","in","on","the","rice","corn","."],"tags":[13,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"And now, one cell is as big as the room you're in right now.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","now",",","one","cell","is","as","big","as","the","room","you","'re","in","right","now","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's fill it with rice again.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","fill","it","with","rice","again","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This is about the size of a protein.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","about","the","size","of","a","protein","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And now, let us fill all the empty spaces between the rice corns with fine grains of sand.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":89,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","now",",","let","us","fill","all","the","empty","spaces","between","the","rice","corns","with","fine","grains","of","sand","."],"tags":[0,13,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This is roughly how small atoms are.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","roughly","how","small","atoms","are","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let us just pretend that atoms look like this for a minute to make it easier to understand.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":90,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","us","just","pretend","that","atoms","look","like","this","for","a","minute","to","make","it","easier","to","understand","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"An atom consists of three elementary particles.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["An","atom","consists","of","three","elementary","particles","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Protons and neutrons bind together and form the atom core.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Protons","and","neutrons","bind","together","and","form","the","atom","core","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They are made from quarks and held together by gluons.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","are","made","from","quarks","and","held","together","by","gluons","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Nobody knows exactly how small quarks are.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Nobody","knows","exactly","how","small","quarks","are","."],"tags":[1,25,13,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We think they might literally be points, like in geometry.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","think","they","might","literally","be","points",",","like","in","geometry","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Try to imagine them as being zero-dimensional.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Try","to","imagine","them","as","being","zero","-","dimensional","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We suspect that quarks and electrons are the most fundamental components of matter in the universe.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","suspect","that","quarks","and","electrons","are","the","most","fundamental","components","of","matter","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Electrons orbit the atom core.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Electrons","orbit","the","atom","core","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They travel at a speed of about 2,200 km per second.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","travel","at","a","speed","of","about","2,200","km","per","second","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Like quarks, we think electrons are fundamental particles.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Like","quarks",",","we","think","electrons","are","fundamental","particles","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"99.99999999999999% of an atom's volume is just empty space.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["99.99999999999999","%","of","an","atom","'s","volume","is","just","empty","space","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"What we perceive as emptiness is actually a space filled by quantum fluctuations.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["What","we","perceive","as","emptiness","is","actually","a","space","filled","by","quantum","fluctuations","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"These fluctuations have a fundamental impact on how charged particles interact.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["These","fluctuations","have","a","fundamental","impact","on","how","charged","particles","interact","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But that's a topic for another video.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","that","'s","a","topic","for","another","video","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"How much space do the core and electrons actually fill?","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["How","much","space","do","the","core","and","electrons","actually","fill","?"],"tags":[5,6,6,15,1,2,2,2,13,19,0]}
{"text":"If you were to subtract all the spaces between the atom cores from the Empire State Building, it would be about as big as a rice corn.","spans":[{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":95,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":101,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":97,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":104,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":103,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":132,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":27,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","you","were","to","subtract","all","the","spaces","between","the","atom","cores","from","the","Empire","State","Building",",","it","would","be","about","as","big","as","a","rice","corn","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"All the atoms of humanity would fit in a teaspoon.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","the","atoms","of","humanity","would","fit","in","a","teaspoon","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There are extreme objects where states like this actually exist.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","extreme","objects","where","states","like","this","actually","exist","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In a neutron star, atom cores are compacted so densely that the mass of three suns fits into an object only a few kilometers wide.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":25,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","a","neutron","star",",","atom","cores","are","compacted","so","densely","that","the","mass","of","three","suns","fits","into","an","object","only","a","few","kilometers","wide","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"By the way, what do atoms look like?","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["By","the","way",",","what","do","atoms","look","like","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,0,11,15,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Electrons are like a wave function and a particle at the same time.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Electrons","are","like","a","wave","function","and","a","particle","at","the","same","time","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We can calculate where an electron might be at any given moment in time.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","can","calculate","where","an","electron","might","be","at","any","given","moment","in","time","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"These clouds of probability, called orbitals, are where electrons might be with a certainty of 95%.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["These","clouds","of","probability",",","called","orbitals",",","are","where","electrons","might","be","with","a","certainty","of","95","%","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The probability of finding an electron approaches zero the further we get away from the atom core.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","probability","of","finding","an","electron","approaches","zero","the","further","we","get","away","from","the","atom","core","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But it actually never is zero, which means that, in theory, the electron of an atom could be on the other side of the universe.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","it","actually","never","is","zero",",","which","means","that",",","in","theory",",","the","electron","of","an","atom","could","be","on","the","other","side","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[0,1,13,37,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Okay, wait a second.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Okay",",","wait","a","second","."],"tags":[0,0,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"These strange thingies make up all the matter in the universe.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["These","strange","thingies","make","up","all","the","matter","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For many dozens of known elements, you don't need many dozens of elementary particles, just three.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["For","many","dozens","of","known","elements",",","you","do","n't","need","many","dozens","of","elementary","particles",",","just","three","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Take one proton and one electron, and you have hydrogen.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Take","one","proton","and","one","electron",",","and","you","have","hydrogen","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Add a proton and a neutron, you have helium.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Add","a","proton","and","a","neutron",",","you","have","helium","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Add a few more, you get carbon.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Add","a","few","more",",","you","get","carbon","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"And every atom of an element is the same.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","every","atom","of","an","element","is","the","same","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"All hydrogen atoms in the universe, for example, are the same.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["All","hydrogen","atoms","in","the","universe",",","for","example",",","are","the","same","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,0,13,14,0,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"The hydrogen in your body is exactly the same as the hydrogen in the sun.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","hydrogen","in","your","body","is","exactly","the","same","as","the","hydrogen","in","the","sun","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Do you feel confused right now?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Do","you","feel","confused","right","now","?"],"tags":[15,1,21,11,13,14,0]}
{"text":"We certainly do.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","certainly","do","."],"tags":[1,13,19,0]}
{"text":"Nothing on this scale of the universe makes any sense in our world, and we've not even begun talking about quantum mechanics or the particle zoo, which are even stranger.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":169,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":32,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Nothing","on","this","scale","of","the","universe","makes","any","sense","in","our","world",",","and","we","'ve","not","even","begun","talking","about","quantum","mechanics","or","the","particle","zoo",",","which","are","even","stranger","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Our model of atoms has changed a number of times since we first conceived it, and the current one will certainly not be the last.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":82,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Our","model","of","atoms","has","changed","a","number","of","times","since","we","first","conceived","it",",","and","the","current","one","will","certainly","not","be","the","last","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, let us support scientists and research, and wait for the next wave of mind-boggling new information about this strange world that is the basis for our existence.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":164,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":31,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So",",","let","us","support","scientists","and","research",",","and","wait","for","the","next","wave","of","mind","-","boggling","new","information","about","this","strange","world","that","is","the","basis","for","our","existence","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The human immune system is the most complex biological system we know after the human brain, and yet most of us never learn how it works, or what it is.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":15,"token_start":5},{"end":151,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":97,"token_end":31,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["The","human","immune","system","is","the","most","complex","biological","system","we","know","after","the","human","brain",",","and","yet","most","of","us","never","learn","how","it","works",",","or","what","it","is","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Your immune system consists of hundreds of tiny and two large organs.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Your","immune","system","consists","of","hundreds","of","tiny","and","two","large","organs","."],"tags":[1,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It has its own transport network spread throughout your body.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","has","its","own","transport","network","spread","throughout","your","body","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Every day it makes hundreds of billions of fresh cells, organized like an army, with soldiers, captains, intelligence officers, heavy weapons, and crazy suicide bombers.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":167,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":30,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Every","day","it","makes","hundreds","of","billions","of","fresh","cells",",","organized","like","an","army",",","with","soldiers",",","captains",",","intelligence","officers",",","heavy","weapons",",","and","crazy","suicide","bombers","."],"tags":[13,14,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's not some sort of abstract entity.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","some","sort","of","abstract","entity","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Your immune system is you.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","immune","system","is","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"It's so manifold that it's impossible to cover in one video, so we'll make a series looking at different aspects of it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":12,"token_start":4},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":25,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["It","'s","so","manifold","that","it","'s","impossible","to","cover","in","one","video",",","so","we","'ll","make","a","series","looking","at","different","aspects","of","it","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Today, what happens when your body is invaded, and your first lines of defenses are engaged in a fight for life and death?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":24,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Today",",","what","happens","when","your","body","is","invaded",",","and","your","first","lines","of","defenses","are","engaged","in","a","fight","for","life","and","death","?"],"tags":[13,0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's been a normal day, when suddenly the world explodes, and an asteroid rips the sky open.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","'s","been","a","normal","day",",","when","suddenly","the","world","explodes",",","and","an","asteroid","rips","the","sky","open","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Countless alien lifeforms invade, ready to destroy cities and infrastructure, and eat civilians.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Countless","alien","lifeforms","invade",",","ready","to","destroy","cities","and","infrastructure",",","and","eat","civilians","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Or, this is what your cells experience.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Or",",","this","is","what","your","cells","experience","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You look at your bleeding thumb that you just cut on a dirty twig in the park.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","look","at","your","bleeding","thumb","that","you","just","cut","on","a","dirty","twig","in","the","park","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But inside the wound, a horrible catastrophe has happened.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","inside","the","wound",",","a","horrible","catastrophe","has","happened","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"There are dead cells and blood and dirt everywhere.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["There","are","dead","cells","and","blood","and","dirt","everywhere","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,13,0]}
{"text":"Even worse, countless bacteria invade the warm caverns between your helpless cells, to explore their new home, steal your resources, and poop everywhere.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":151,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":26,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Even","worse",",","countless","bacteria","invade","the","warm","caverns","between","your","helpless","cells",",","to","explore","their","new","home",",","steal","your","resources",",","and","poop","everywhere","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Immediately, the first stage of your defense kicks in.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Immediately",",","the","first","stage","of","your","defense","kicks","in","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,0]}
{"text":"The cells that survived the impact or are hurt or dying, scream in panic, releasing an onslaught of chemical alarm signals that awaken your immune system.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":152,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":27,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["The","cells","that","survived","the","impact","or","are","hurt","or","dying",",","scream","in","panic",",","releasing","an","onslaught","of","chemical","alarm","signals","that","awaken","your","immune","system","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,19,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The first cells to show up are macrophages.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","first","cells","to","show","up","are","macrophages","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"If an average cell were the size of a human, a macrophage would be the size of a black rhino.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","an","average","cell","were","the","size","of","a","human",",","a","macrophage","would","be","the","size","of","a","black","rhino","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Bacteria do annoy them.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Bacteria","do","annoy","them","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Within seconds, the large cells attack and begin killing them without mercy.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Within","seconds",",","the","large","cells","attack","and","begin","killing","them","without","mercy","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They stretch out parts like the arms of an octopus, and grab the bacteria to swallow them whole and digest them alive.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":18,"token_start":12},{"end":117,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":100,"token_end":22,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["They","stretch","out","parts","like","the","arms","of","an","octopus",",","and","grab","the","bacteria","to","swallow","them","whole","and","digest","them","alive","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A macrophage can eat 100 bacteria before it's exhausted.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","macrophage","can","eat","100","bacteria","before","it","'s","exhausted","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But there are too many enemies, so the macrophages call for reinforcements.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","there","are","too","many","enemies",",","so","the","macrophages","call","for","reinforcements","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In your blood, hundreds of thousands of neutrophils pick up their signals and move to the battlefield.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","your","blood",",","hundreds","of","thousands","of","neutrophils","pick","up","their","signals","and","move","to","the","battlefield","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Neutrophils are intense suicide warriors that only live to kill.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Neutrophils","are","intense","suicide","warriors","that","only","live","to","kill","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They're so enthusiastic about killing that they kill themselves a few days after birth, so they don't have time to accidentally destroy your body from the inside.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":160,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":29,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","'re","so","enthusiastic","about","killing","that","they","kill","themselves","a","few","days","after","birth",",","so","they","do","n't","have","time","to","accidentally","destroy","your","body","from","the","inside","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"As soon as neutrophils arrive, they begin vomiting deadly chemicals at bacteria or devour them.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":83,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["As","soon","as","neutrophils","arrive",",","they","begin","vomiting","deadly","chemicals","at","bacteria","or","devour","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"They are so careless in their attacks that they are causing real damage to your own cells, but collateral damage is not their concern now.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":16,"token_start":2},{"end":137,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":95,"token_end":25,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["They","are","so","careless","in","their","attacks","that","they","are","causing","real","damage","to","your","own","cells",",","but","collateral","damage","is","not","their","concern","now","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Some neutrophils go so far to push their suicide button and explode, casting wide and toxic nets made from their own DNA, filled with deadly chemicals that trap and kill bacteria.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":177,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":32,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Some","neutrophils","go","so","far","to","push","their","suicide","button","and","explode",",","casting","wide","and","toxic","nets","made","from","their","own","DNA",",","filled","with","deadly","chemicals","that","trap","and","kill","bacteria","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Sometimes they can continue fighting after that, even though they're sort of dead already.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Sometimes","they","can","continue","fighting","after","that",",","even","though","they","'re","sort","of","dead","already","."],"tags":[13,1,15,19,5,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is how much fun they have killing.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","how","much","fun","they","have","killing","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While the battle rages, your blood vessels let fluids stream into the battlefield, like a dam opening up towards a valley.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":121,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["While","the","battle","rages",",","your","blood","vessels","let","fluids","stream","into","the","battlefield",",","like","a","dam","opening","up","towards","a","valley","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"You notice this as inflammation.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","notice","this","as","inflammation","."],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Your thumb swells up a little and gets red and warm.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Your","thumb","swells","up","a","little","and","gets","red","and","warm","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The fluid brings a silent killer into the battle zone, millions of complement proteins, a sort of automated liquid weapon that stuns and kills bacteria by ripping holes into them.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","fluid","brings","a","silent","killer","into","the","battle","zone",",","millions","of","complement","proteins",",","a","sort","of","automated","liquid","weapon","that","stuns","and","kills","bacteria","by","ripping","holes","into","them","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We made a whole video explaining them in detail.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","made","a","whole","video","explaining","them","in","detail","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We're reaching a crossroad now.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","'re","reaching","a","crossroad","now","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,6,13,0]}
{"text":"If things go well, your first line of defense kills the invaders quickly.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","things","go","well",",","your","first","line","of","defense","kills","the","invaders","quickly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,13,0]}
{"text":"But sometimes the enemies are too strong and would overwhelm your defenses eventually, which means certain death for you, the human.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","sometimes","the","enemies","are","too","strong","and","would","overwhelm","your","defenses","eventually",",","which","means","certain","death","for","you",",","the","human","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,21,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is the hour of the dendritic cell, your immune system's intelligence officer.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","the","hour","of","the","dendritic","cell",",","your","immune","system","'s","intelligence","officer","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"The cell leaves the battlefield and enters the superhighway of your immune system that connects all your tissues with your immune headquarters, your lymph nodes.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":160,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":25,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","cell","leaves","the","battlefield","and","enters","the","superhighway","of","your","immune","system","that","connects","all","your","tissues","with","your","immune","headquarters",",","your","lymph","nodes","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The dendritic cell coming from the battlefield is looking for a helper T-cell, which is a sort of all-purpose commander cell within your immune army.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":147,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":29,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","dendritic","cell","coming","from","the","battlefield","is","looking","for","a","helper","T","-","cell",",","which","is","a","sort","of","all","-","purpose","commander","cell","within","your","immune","army","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So it goes around and rubs itself, still covered in bacteria parts, against every helper T-cell it meets.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","it","goes","around","and","rubs","itself",",","still","covered","in","bacteria","parts",",","against","every","helper","T","-","cell","it","meets","."],"tags":[0,1,31,32,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Most T-cells are a bit disgusted and not interested.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Most","T","-","cells","are","a","bit","disgusted","and","not","interested","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But after a few hours, something clicks.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","after","a","few","hours",",","something","clicks","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,25,0]}
{"text":"A helper T-cell recognizes the bacteria parts.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","helper","T","-","cell","recognizes","the","bacteria","parts","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This cell is the weapon that's needed right now.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","cell","is","the","weapon","that","'s","needed","right","now","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The dendritic cell is overjoyed and activates the helper T-cell.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":63,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","dendritic","cell","is","overjoyed","and","activates","the","helper","T","-","cell","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Okay, wait.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Okay",",","wait","."],"tags":[0,0,19,0]}
{"text":"How come your immune system has a cell that has a weapon against the specific bacteria that infected you?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["How","come","your","immune","system","has","a","cell","that","has","a","weapon","against","the","specific","bacteria","that","infected","you","?"],"tags":[13,14,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Well, your immune system has a perfect weapon against every possible disease in the universe, against the Black Death, the coronavirus,","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":134,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Well",",","your","immune","system","has","a","perfect","weapon","against","every","possible","disease","in","the","universe",",","against","the","Black","Death",",","the","coronavirus",","],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We'll talk about this a bit more in the next video because it's very complex.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","'ll","talk","about","this","a","bit","more","in","the","next","video","because","it","'s","very","complex","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So for now, just know that you have billions of unique helper T-cells that each have weapons against every possible enemy.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":121,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","for","now",",","just","know","that","you","have","billions","of","unique","helper","T","-","cells","that","each","have","weapons","against","every","possible","enemy","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"After the right T-cell is activated, your second line of defense awakes and rises like a teenager that needs to get up on a school day.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":134,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":76,"token_end":28,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["After","the","right","T","-","cell","is","activated",",","your","second","line","of","defense","awakes","and","rises","like","a","teenager","that","needs","to","get","up","on","a","school","day","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,25,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Your heavy weapons are incredibly effective, but they're not fast.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Your","heavy","weapons","are","incredibly","effective",",","but","they","'re","not","fast","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The activated helper T-cell begins to clone itself over and over again.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","activated","helper","T","-","cell","begins","to","clone","itself","over","and","over","again","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"One becomes two, two become four, until there are thousands of them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["One","becomes","two",",","two","become","four",",","until","there","are","thousands","of","them","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Now they split into two groups.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Now","they","split","into","two","groups","."],"tags":[13,1,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The first group quickly moves to help out your soldiers.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","first","group","quickly","moves","to","help","out","your","soldiers","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,25,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At the battlefield, things are getting out of hand.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","the","battlefield",",","things","are","getting","out","of","hand","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A tired macrophage is ready to give up.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","tired","macrophage","is","ready","to","give","up","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"After fighting for days, it just wants to go to sleep, like many of its buddies have done already.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["After","fighting","for","days",",","it","just","wants","to","go","to","sleep",",","like","many","of","its","buddies","have","done","already","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,13,25,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But now the helper T-cells arrive.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","now","the","helper","T","-","cells","arrive","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,2,2,2,19,0]}
{"text":"One of them comes to the tired macrophage and whispers something using special chemical signals.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["One","of","them","comes","to","the","tired","macrophage","and","whispers","something","using","special","chemical","signals","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In a heartbeat, the demoralized soldier feels fresh again.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","a","heartbeat",",","the","demoralized","soldier","feels","fresh","again","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,13,0]}
{"text":"But there's something else.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","'s","something","else","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"The macrophage knows what it needs to do.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","macrophage","knows","what","it","needs","to","do","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Invigorated, it throws itself against the enemies once again.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Invigorated",",","it","throws","itself","against","the","enemies","once","again","."],"tags":[0,0,1,25,5,13,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"All over the battlefield, this begins to happen.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","over","the","battlefield",",","this","begins","to","happen","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Meanwhile, the second group of helper T-cells was working on activating another line of defense.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Meanwhile",",","the","second","group","of","helper","T","-","cells","was","working","on","activating","another","line","of","defense","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Antibodies are protein superweapons that look like tiny crabs with two pincers to grab enemies.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":93,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Antibodies","are","protein","superweapons","that","look","like","tiny","crabs","with","two","pincers","to","grab","enemies","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Just like the helper T-cells, there are B-cells in your body that are able to make just the right antibodies for every possible enemy.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":133,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":28,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Just","like","the","helper","T","-","cells",",","there","are","B","-","cells","in","your","body","that","are","able","to","make","just","the","right","antibodies","for","every","possible","enemy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And the helper T-cell is looking for exactly these B-cells.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","the","helper","T","-","cell","is","looking","for","exactly","these","B","-","cells","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,15,31,32,13,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"After a day or two, the right B-cell is found and begins to clone itself.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["After","a","day","or","two",",","the","right","B","-","cell","is","found","and","begins","to","clone","itself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As soon as enough clones have been made, each B-cell begins pumping out up to 2,000 antibodies per second.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["As","soon","as","enough","clones","have","been","made",",","each","B","-","cell","begins","pumping","out","up","to","2,000","antibodies","per","second","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"About a week after you injured yourself and bacteria invaded, your second line of defense finally arrives in full force.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":104,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":98,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":20,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["About","a","week","after","you","injured","yourself","and","bacteria","invaded",",","your","second","line","of","defense","finally","arrives","in","full","force","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,13,25,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The tiny army begins to saturate the battlefield, pinching and stunning desperate bacteria.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","tiny","army","begins","to","saturate","the","battlefield",",","pinching","and","stunning","desperate","bacteria","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The antibodies clump them together and make them unable to move or fight, while your soldiers massacre the defenseless victims.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5c0f\u54c1\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","antibodies","clump","them","together","and","make","them","unable","to","move","or","fight",",","while","your","soldiers","massacre","the","defenseless","victims","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The tide is turning fast.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","tide","is","turning","fast","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"As the last enemies are cleaned up, your soldiers realize they are no longer needed and begin to kill themselves to save resources.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":88,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["As","the","last","enemies","are","cleaned","up",",","your","soldiers","realize","they","are","no","longer","needed","and","begin","to","kill","themselves","to","save","resources","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A few helper T-cells remain and turn into memory cells.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","few","helper","T","-","cells","remain","and","turn","into","memory","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They will guard the tissue for years, making sure the same bacteria will never again gain a foothold here.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["They","will","guard","the","tissue","for","years",",","making","sure","the","same","bacteria","will","never","again","gain","a","foothold","here","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Similarly, a few B-cells will stay alive and keep producing a low amount of antibodies, making you immune against this bacteria, maybe for the rest of your life.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":160,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":32,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Similarly",",","a","few","B","-","cells","will","stay","alive","and","keep","producing","a","low","amount","of","antibodies",",","making","you","immune","against","this","bacteria",",","maybe","for","the","rest","of","your","life","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"One day you wake up and notice that the wound has grown over and left nothing but a faint red mark.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["One","day","you","wake","up","and","notice","that","the","wound","has","grown","over","and","left","nothing","but","a","faint","red","mark","."],"tags":[13,14,1,31,32,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"You were completely unaware of the drama your cells had to deal with.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","were","completely","unaware","of","the","drama","your","cells","had","to","deal","with","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"For you, the whole ordeal was a slight annoyance, while for millions of cells it was a desperate fight for life and death.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["For","you",",","the","whole","ordeal","was","a","slight","annoyance",",","while","for","millions","of","cells","it","was","a","desperate","fight","for","life","and","death","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But this is just the beginning of the epic story that unfolds inside you every day and is told in full in Immune!","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":112,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":22,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","this","is","just","the","beginning","of","the","epic","story","that","unfolds","inside","you","every","day","and","is","told","in","full","in","Immune","!"],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The book is a beautifully illustrated deep dive into the immune system, the most important thing you don't know enough about,","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":123,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":22,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","book","is","a","beautifully","illustrated","deep","dive","into","the","immune","system",",","the","most","important","thing","you","do","n't","know","enough","about",","],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"that will forever change how you think about your body.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["that","will","forever","change","how","you","think","about","your","body","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"it's been an ongoing passion project for almost a decade because the immune system is just about the most amazing and fascinating topic there is.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":143,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":25,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["it","'s","been","an","ongoing","passion","project","for","almost","a","decade","because","the","immune","system","is","just","about","the","most","amazing","and","fascinating","topic","there","is","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, go on a journey and get to know your own body, from mystery organs, murder universities, to the largest library in the universe.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":27,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So",",","go","on","a","journey","and","get","to","know","your","own","body",",","from","mystery","organs",",","murder","universities",",","to","the","largest","library","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[0,0,31,32,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Explore how incredibly vast your immune system is and how it actually works, how it fights enemies from cancer to HIV or just the flu.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":25,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Explore","how","incredibly","vast","your","immune","system","is","and","how","it","actually","works",",","how","it","fights","enemies","from","cancer","to","HIV","or","just","the","flu","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Learn how you can boost it and if that's actually a good idea.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":13,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Learn","how","you","can","boost","it","and","if","that","'s","actually","a","good","idea","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The book will be out in six weeks and it would mean the world to us and Philip if you could pre-order it.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","book","will","be","out","in","six","weeks","and","it","would","mean","the","world","to","us","and","Philip","if","you","could","pre","-","order","it","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Pre-ordering is super important in the world of books and in contrast to games, we can guarantee that it's actually finished and there will be no day one patch.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":159,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":32,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Pre","-","ordering","is","super","important","in","the","world","of","books","and","in","contrast","to","games",",","we","can","guarantee","that","it","'s","actually","finished","and","there","will","be","no","day","one","patch","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There's a link in the description.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["There","'s","a","link","in","the","description","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This is the end of a decade long personal journey and we'd love to see what you think.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["This","is","the","end","of","a","decade","long","personal","journey","and","we","'d","love","to","see","what","you","think","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Thank you for watching.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","for","watching","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"What is the Stock Exchange and how does it work?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["What","is","the","Stock","Exchange","and","how","does","it","work","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The Stock Exchange is nothing more than a giant, globally networked and organized marketplace, where everyday huge sums of money are moved back and forth.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":152,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":26,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","Stock","Exchange","is","nothing","more","than","a","giant",",","globally","networked","and","organized","marketplace",",","where","everyday","huge","sums","of","money","are","moved","back","and","forth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In total, over 60 trillion euros a year are traded.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","total",",","over","60","trillion","euros","a","year","are","traded","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"However, it's not apples or second-hand toothbrushes that are traded on this marketplace, but predominantly securities.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["However",",","it","'s","not","apples","or","second","-","hand","toothbrushes","that","are","traded","on","this","marketplace",",","but","predominantly","securities","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Securities are rights to assets mostly in the form of shares.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Securities","are","rights","to","assets","mostly","in","the","form","of","shares","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A share stands for a share in a company.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","share","stands","for","a","share","in","a","company","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But why are shares traded at all?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","why","are","shares","traded","at","all","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Well, first and foremost, the value of a share relates to the company behind it.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Well",",","first","and","foremost",",","the","value","of","a","share","relates","to","the","company","behind","it","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you think of the value of the company in terms of a pizza, the bigger the overall size of the pizza, the bigger every piece is.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":22,"token_start":15},{"end":113,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":25,"token_start":24},{"end":125,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":115,"token_end":27,"token_start":26},{"end":128,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":127,"token_end":28,"token_start":28}],"tokens":["If","you","think","of","the","value","of","the","company","in","terms","of","a","pizza",",","the","bigger","the","overall","size","of","the","pizza",",","the","bigger","every","piece","is","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,1,2,21,0]}
{"text":"the size of the company's pizza will also increase and as a result so will the value of its shares.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["the","size","of","the","company","'s","pizza","will","also","increase","and","as","a","result","so","will","the","value","of","its","shares","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This is of course great for the shareholders.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","is","of","course","great","for","the","shareholders","."],"tags":[1,21,13,14,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A share which perhaps used to be worth 38 euros could now be worth a whole 50 euros.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["A","share","which","perhaps","used","to","be","worth","38","euros","could","now","be","worth","a","whole","50","euros","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"When it's sold, this represents a profit of 12 euros per share.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["When","it","'s","sold",",","this","represents","a","profit","of","12","euros","per","share","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But what does Facebook gain from this?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","what","does","Facebook","gain","from","this","?"],"tags":[0,5,15,1,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The company can raise funds by selling the shares and invest or expand its business.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","company","can","raise","funds","by","selling","the","shares","and","invest","or","expand","its","business","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Facebook, for example, has earned 16 billion dollars from its listing on the stock exchange.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Facebook",",","for","example",",","has","earned","16","billion","dollars","from","its","listing","on","the","stock","exchange","."],"tags":[1,0,13,14,0,15,29,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The trading of shares, though, is frequently a game of chance.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","trading","of","shares",",","though",",","is","frequently","a","game","of","chance","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,0,13,0,21,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"No one can say which company will perform well and which will not.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["No","one","can","say","which","company","will","perform","well","and","which","will","not","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If a company has a good reputation, investors will back it.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","a","company","has","a","good","reputation",",","investors","will","back","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"A company with a poor reputation or poor performance will have difficulty selling its shares.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":92,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["A","company","with","a","poor","reputation","or","poor","performance","will","have","difficulty","selling","its","shares","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Unlike a normal market in which goods can be touched and taken home, on the stock exchange only virtual goods are available.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":17,"token_start":14},{"end":108,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":20,"token_start":18},{"end":112,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":110,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":122,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":114,"token_end":22,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Unlike","a","normal","market","in","which","goods","can","be","touched","and","taken","home",",","on","the","stock","exchange","only","virtual","goods","are","available","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"They appear in the form of share prices and tables on monitors.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","appear","in","the","form","of","share","prices","and","tables","on","monitors","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Such share prices can rise or fall within seconds.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Such","share","prices","can","rise","or","fall","within","seconds","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Shareholders therefore have to act quickly in order not to miss an opportunity.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Shareholders","therefore","have","to","act","quickly","in","order","not","to","miss","an","opportunity","."],"tags":[1,13,17,18,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even a simple rumor can result in the demand for a share falling fast, regardless of the real value of the company.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Even","a","simple","rumor","can","result","in","the","demand","for","a","share","falling","fast",",","regardless","of","the","real","value","of","the","company","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Of course, the opposite is also possible.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Of","course",",","the","opposite","is","also","possible","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"If a particularly large number of people buy weak shares because they see, for example, great potential behind an idea, their value will rise as a result.","spans":[{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":21,"token_start":0},{"end":130,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":120,"token_end":24,"token_start":23},{"end":135,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":132,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":140,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":137,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":152,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":142,"token_end":29,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["If","a","particularly","large","number","of","people","buy","weak","shares","because","they","see",",","for","example",",","great","potential","behind","an","idea",",","their","value","will","rise","as","a","result","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In particular, young companies can benefit from this.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","particular",",","young","companies","can","benefit","from","this","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Even though their sales might be falling, they can generate cash by placing their shares.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Even","though","their","sales","might","be","falling",",","they","can","generate","cash","by","placing","their","shares","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"In the worst-case scenario, this will result in a speculative bubble with nothing more than hot air.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","the","worst","-","case","scenario",",","this","will","result","in","a","speculative","bubble","with","nothing","more","than","hot","air","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And, as in the case with bubbles, at some point they will burst.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["And",",","as","in","the","case","with","bubbles",",","at","some","point","they","will","burst","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,1,15,19,0]}
{"text":"The value of Germany's biggest 30 companies is summarized in what's known as the DAX share index.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":96,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","value","of","Germany","'s","biggest","30","companies","is","summarized","in","what","'s","known","as","the","DAX","share","index","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The DAX curve shows how well or poorly these major companies, and thereby the economy as a whole, are performing at the present time.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":132,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":25,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","DAX","curve","shows","how","well","or","poorly","these","major","companies",",","and","thereby","the","economy","as","a","whole",",","are","performing","at","the","present","time","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Stock exchanges in other countries also have their own indices.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Stock","exchanges","in","other","countries","also","have","their","own","indices","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,13,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And all of these markets together create a globally networked marketplace.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","all","of","these","markets","together","create","a","globally","networked","marketplace","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This video was made possible by you.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","video","was","made","possible","by","you","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,33,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Every sale of our limited edition calendar supports what we do here at Kurzgesagt.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Every","sale","of","our","limited","edition","calendar","supports","what","we","do","here","at","Kurzgesagt","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And our brand new 12024 calendar is our most spectacular yet.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","our","brand","new","12024","calendar","is","our","most","spectacular","yet","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Don't miss out on your chance to own a special piece of Kurzgesagt history.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Do","n't","miss","out","on","your","chance","to","own","a","special","piece","of","Kurzgesagt","history","."],"tags":[15,37,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The universe is going to die one day.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","universe","is","going","to","die","one","day","."],"tags":[1,2,17,18,18,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Well, it turns out our cosmic fate will be decided by a fight between two titans.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Well",",","it","turns","out","our","cosmic","fate","will","be","decided","by","a","fight","between","two","titans","."],"tags":[0,0,3,31,32,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Our universe was born 14 billion years ago in the Big Bang and has been expanding ever since.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Our","universe","was","born","14","billion","years","ago","in","the","Big","Bang","and","has","been","expanding","ever","since","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"For some reason, new empty space is being created out of nothing between galaxies.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["For","some","reason",",","new","empty","space","is","being","created","out","of","nothing","between","galaxies","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Space itself is becoming bigger.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Space","itself","is","becoming","bigger","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Will it go on forever or will it stop one day?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Will","it","go","on","forever","or","will","it","stop","one","day","?"],"tags":[15,1,31,32,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Today, we think the universe is at the mercy of two cosmic demigods fighting for dominance.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Today",",","we","think","the","universe","is","at","the","mercy","of","two","cosmic","demigods","fighting","for","dominance","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The first one is all the stuff in the universe.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","first","one","is","all","the","stuff","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While they're very different, they just want to do one thing.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["While","they","'re","very","different",",","they","just","want","to","do","one","thing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Matter is attracted by matter, pulled together by gravity.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Matter","is","attracted","by","matter",",","pulled","together","by","gravity","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And gravity also pulls on the universe as a whole, slowing the expansion that started at the Big Bang.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","gravity","also","pulls","on","the","universe","as","a","whole",",","slowing","the","expansion","that","started","at","the","Big","Bang","."],"tags":[0,1,13,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our second warrior is empty space.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Our","second","warrior","is","empty","space","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Empty space has an intrinsic energy.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Empty","space","has","an","intrinsic","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We don't really have an idea what this energy is or why it's there.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","really","have","an","idea","what","this","energy","is","or","why","it","'s","there","."],"tags":[1,15,37,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's really a placeholder that fills a blank in our understanding of reality.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","really","a","placeholder","that","fills","a","blank","in","our","understanding","of","reality","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But it's got a cool name.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","got","a","cool","name","."],"tags":[0,1,15,23,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Dark energy pushes things apart.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Dark","energy","pushes","things","apart","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,35,0]}
{"text":"So we have all the matter in the universe pulling in and empty space infused with dark energy pushing out.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","we","have","all","the","matter","in","the","universe","pulling","in","and","empty","space","infused","with","dark","energy","pushing","out","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,33,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Whoever wins will kill the universe in fun ways.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Whoever","wins","will","kill","the","universe","in","fun","ways","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But who will win?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","who","will","win","?"],"tags":[0,1,15,19,0]}
{"text":"It all depends on the mysterious dark energy.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","all","depends","on","the","mysterious","dark","energy","."],"tags":[1,39,25,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Will its strength stay the same?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Will","its","strength","stay","the","same","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Or will it get weaker?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Or","will","it","get","weaker","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Or will it get more powerful over time?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Or","will","it","get","more","powerful","over","time","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,21,11,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If the strength of dark energy stays constant, it will win the war.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","the","strength","of","dark","energy","stays","constant",",","it","will","win","the","war","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Since space is growing, matter is getting more and more diluted, like sugar in a cup being filled with more and more tea.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Since","space","is","growing",",","matter","is","getting","more","and","more","diluted",",","like","sugar","in","a","cup","being","filled","with","more","and","more","tea","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But as the universe expands, new empty space is created,","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","as","the","universe","expands",",","new","empty","space","is","created",","],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"Every 12 billion years or so, it will double in diameter forever.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Every","12","billion","years","or","so",",","it","will","double","in","diameter","forever","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,13,0]}
{"text":"But while dark energy is winning the war, matter is winning at least one battle.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","while","dark","energy","is","winning","the","war",",","matter","is","winning","at","least","one","battle","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"At short distances, it can keep things together.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["At","short","distances",",","it","can","keep","things","together","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,33,0]}
{"text":"Local galaxy bubbles can overcome the push of dark energy.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Local","galaxy","bubbles","can","overcome","the","push","of","dark","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In a few billion years, our local group of galaxies will merge into a gigantic ball with trillions of stars.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","a","few","billion","years",",","our","local","group","of","galaxies","will","merge","into","a","gigantic","ball","with","trillions","of","stars","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It will soon become our last view of the cosmos.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","will","soon","become","our","last","view","of","the","cosmos","."],"tags":[1,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"All other galaxies will be pushed away by the expansion.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","other","galaxies","will","be","pushed","away","by","the","expansion","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,35,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For us, it will look like the rest of the universe is rushing away, until in a few hundred billion years, we won't see other galaxies at all.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":14,"token_start":6},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":31,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["For","us",",","it","will","look","like","the","rest","of","the","universe","is","rushing","away",",","until","in","a","few","hundred","billion","years",",","we","wo","n't","see","other","galaxies","at","all","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We'll be alone, surrounded by a seemingly infinite dark void.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'ll","be","alone",",","surrounded","by","a","seemingly","infinite","dark","void","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In about 100 trillion years, all the stars of our supergalaxy will have died out.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","about","100","trillion","years",",","all","the","stars","of","our","supergalaxy","will","have","died","out","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,31,32,0]}
{"text":"All gas that could create new stars has been consumed, and no new gas can come in.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["All","gas","that","could","create","new","stars","has","been","consumed",",","and","no","new","gas","can","come","in","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The galaxy will be dark and filled with stellar corpses.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","galaxy","will","be","dark","and","filled","with","stellar","corpses","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Over quadrillions of years, white dwarfs and neutron stars will slowly cool, until becoming truly dark.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":71,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Over","quadrillions","of","years",",","white","dwarfs","and","neutron","stars","will","slowly","cool",",","until","becoming","truly","dark","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Turning off the last lights of the universe, all structures, big and small, will slowly dissolve.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":96,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":88,"token_end":18,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Turning","off","the","last","lights","of","the","universe",",","all","structures",",","big","and","small",",","will","slowly","dissolve","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,13,19,0]}
{"text":"One by one, all dead stars and planets will leave the supergalaxy, which slowly dissolves over six trillion years.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["One","by","one",",","all","dead","stars","and","planets","will","leave","the","supergalaxy",",","which","slowly","dissolves","over","six","trillion","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Every object will end up on its own, which means that dark energy takes over again, creating more and more empty space between everything.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Every","object","will","end","up","on","its","own",",","which","means","that","dark","energy","takes","over","again",",","creating","more","and","more","empty","space","between","everything","."],"tags":[1,2,15,31,32,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Objects will be so far apart, that it will be as if each had a universe for itself.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Objects","will","be","so","far","apart",",","that","it","will","be","as","if","each","had","a","universe","for","itself","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Not much happens anymore, until in a googol years, all black holes will have evaporated.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Not","much","happens","anymore",",","until","in","a","googol","years",",","all","black","holes","will","have","evaporated","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the end, entropy and dark energy won't stop until their job is finished.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","entropy","and","dark","energy","wo","n't","stop","until","their","job","is","finished","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Over time spans you might as well call forever, all remaining structures might even dissolve into single particles that will be pushed away from each other by an ever-growing empty space.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":91,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":84,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":185,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":33,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Over","time","spans","you","might","as","well","call","forever",",","all","remaining","structures","might","even","dissolve","into","single","particles","that","will","be","pushed","away","from","each","other","by","an","ever","-","growing","empty","space","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Imagine a whole universe, with just a single lonely particle traveling through nothingness.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","a","whole","universe",",","with","just","a","single","lonely","particle","traveling","through","nothingness","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This is the final state, the true end.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","the","final","state",",","the","true","end","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Nothing will ever be able to happen again.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Nothing","will","ever","be","able","to","happen","again","."],"tags":[1,15,13,17,18,18,19,13,0]}
{"text":"Phew, that was a bummer.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Phew",",","that","was","a","bummer","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"What else could happen?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","else","could","happen","?"],"tags":[1,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"In this case, empty space won't just win over matter, it will literally rip it to pieces.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","this","case",",","empty","space","wo","n't","just","win","over","matter",",","it","will","literally","rip","it","to","pieces","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,37,13,19,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In the big freeze scenario, matter lost the war but won some battles.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":68,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","the","big","freeze","scenario",",","matter","lost","the","war","but","won","some","battles","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But here, matter wins nothing.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","here",",","matter","wins","nothing","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,25,5,0]}
{"text":"Dark energy is growing stronger over time, overcoming the pull of gravity, and creating new empty space at smaller and smaller distances.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":136,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Dark","energy","is","growing","stronger","over","time",",","overcoming","the","pull","of","gravity",",","and","creating","new","empty","space","at","smaller","and","smaller","distances","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In this scenario, things will escalate quickly.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","this","scenario",",","things","will","escalate","quickly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,0]}
{"text":"It could start as early as 20 billion years from now.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","could","start","as","early","as","20","billion","years","from","now","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"First, dark energy will create empty space between individual galaxies.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["First",",","dark","energy","will","create","empty","space","between","individual","galaxies","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our galaxy will leave its local cluster and begin to drift alone in a rapidly inflating and ever darker cosmos.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Our","galaxy","will","leave","its","local","cluster","and","begin","to","drift","alone","in","a","rapidly","inflating","and","ever","darker","cosmos","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Some billion years later, empty space starts to push between individual stars, dissolving the galaxy.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Some","billion","years","later",",","empty","space","starts","to","push","between","individual","stars",",","dissolving","the","galaxy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you live on a planet in a star system, the night sky will start looking sad and gloomy, as other stars are pushed too far away to be seen.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":19,"token_start":16},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":31,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","you","live","on","a","planet","in","a","star","system",",","the","night","sky","will","start","looking","sad","and","gloomy",",","as","other","stars","are","pushed","too","far","away","to","be","seen","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A few million years after the sky turns dark, dark energy starts to create empty space inside star systems.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["A","few","million","years","after","the","sky","turns","dark",",","dark","energy","starts","to","create","empty","space","inside","star","systems","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Your planet is pushed away from its star, and all life in the universe freezes to death.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Your","planet","is","pushed","away","from","its","star",",","and","all","life","in","the","universe","freezes","to","death","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,35,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There's not much time left, as a few months later, dark energy is creating empty space inside solid objects.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["There","'s","not","much","time","left",",","as","a","few","months","later",",","dark","energy","is","creating","empty","space","inside","solid","objects","."],"tags":[3,21,37,1,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Stars, neutron stars, planets, asteroids, everything solid is being ripped into pieces.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Stars",",","neutron","stars",",","planets",",","asteroids",",","everything","solid","is","being","ripped","into","pieces","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If you're on a spaceship, you only have a short time before you are ripped apart.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","on","a","spaceship",",","you","only","have","a","short","time","before","you","are","ripped","apart","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Half an hour later, even atoms are destroyed, as new space is being created so furiously that electrons and nuclei are separated.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":23,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Half","an","hour","later",",","even","atoms","are","destroyed",",","as","new","space","is","being","created","so","furiously","that","electrons","and","nuclei","are","separated","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Now the universe has just a fraction of a second left.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Now","the","universe","has","just","a","fraction","of","a","second","left","."],"tags":[13,1,2,25,13,5,6,6,6,6,33,0]}
{"text":"In this final moment, only dying black holes remain, drained and defeated by dark energy.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","this","final","moment",",","only","dying","black","holes","remain",",","drained","and","defeated","by","dark","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"They're tiny, septillions of times smaller than an atom, and they explode with the power of a trillion supernovae in a trillionth of an octillionth of a second.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":159,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":30,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["They","'re","tiny",",","septillions","of","times","smaller","than","an","atom",",","and","they","explode","with","the","power","of","a","trillion","supernovae","in","a","trillionth","of","an","octillionth","of","a","second","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Finally, the very fabric of reality is torn to its core, obliterating space-time itself.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Finally",",","the","very","fabric","of","reality","is","torn","to","its","core",",","obliterating","space","-","time","itself","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Space and time have lost their meanings, making it impossible to predict what will happen next.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Space","and","time","have","lost","their","meanings",",","making","it","impossible","to","predict","what","will","happen","next","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But there is one scenario where it wins.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","is","one","scenario","where","it","wins","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"the pull of gravity will win, and all the things in existence will move towards each other, unfortunately making the universe collapse into itself.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":146,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":25,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["the","pull","of","gravity","will","win",",","and","all","the","things","in","existence","will","move","towards","each","other",",","unfortunately","making","the","universe","collapse","into","itself","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"No one knows when this might begin, but it could be as soon as a few hundred million years.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["No","one","knows","when","this","might","begin",",","but","it","could","be","as","soon","as","a","few","hundred","million","years","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"What will it look like?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","will","it","look","like","?"],"tags":[11,15,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"As the universe begins to contract, over billions of years, galaxies and galaxy clusters approach each other until they eventually collide.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":96,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":89,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":18,"token_start":17},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":22,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["As","the","universe","begins","to","contract",",","over","billions","of","years",",","galaxies","and","galaxy","clusters","approach","each","other","until","they","eventually","collide","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They're mostly made of empty space, so a collision is like the gentle merger of two clouds.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","'re","mostly","made","of","empty","space",",","so","a","collision","is","like","the","gentle","merger","of","two","clouds","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,35,33,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"At any rate, first galaxies and later individual stars get closer and closer.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["At","any","rate",",","first","galaxies","and","later","individual","stars","get","closer","and","closer","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"As the universe goes on collapsing, you might worry about stars and planets eventually crashing against each other.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["As","the","universe","goes","on","collapsing",",","you","might","worry","about","stars","and","planets","eventually","crashing","against","each","other","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This will happen, but it's not your worst problem.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","will","happen",",","but","it","'s","not","your","worst","problem","."],"tags":[1,15,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If space itself shrinks, this also concentrates all the radiation emitted in the past by all the stars, supernovae, and quasars that ever existed.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":144,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":26,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","space","itself","shrinks",",","this","also","concentrates","all","the","radiation","emitted","in","the","past","by","all","the","stars",",","supernovae",",","and","quasars","that","ever","existed","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Now, empty space is filled with radiation.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Now",",","empty","space","is","filled","with","radiation","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The dark nothing between stars is heating up, making life unpleasant and then impossible as planets just burn.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","dark","nothing","between","stars","is","heating","up",",","making","life","unpleasant","and","then","impossible","as","planets","just","burn","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,31,32,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Slowly at first, then rapidly, space gets as hot as it was after the Big Bang.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Slowly","at","first",",","then","rapidly",",","space","gets","as","hot","as","it","was","after","the","Big","Bang","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Stars are pretty hot, but now the space around them is hotter.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Stars","are","pretty","hot",",","but","now","the","space","around","them","is","hotter","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They're literally boiled from the outside.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","'re","literally","boiled","from","the","outside","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As the universe collapses into itself, all galaxies and all stars merge into a single ball of hot plasma.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","the","universe","collapses","into","itself",",","all","galaxies","and","all","stars","merge","into","a","single","ball","of","hot","plasma","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The Big Crunch is complete.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","Big","Crunch","is","complete","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"From here on, there are two possibilities.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["From","here","on",",","there","are","two","possibilities","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Either the universe will collapse completely into a singularity, a point of zero size and infinite density, without space and time, the way it might have been before the Big Bang.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":17,"token_start":6},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":108,"token_end":22,"token_start":19},{"end":178,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":132,"token_end":33,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["Either","the","universe","will","collapse","completely","into","a","singularity",",","a","point","of","zero","size","and","infinite","density",",","without","space","and","time",",","the","way","it","might","have","been","before","the","Big","Bang","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Or the universe will collapse and the stars could bounce back, restarting the cosmic expansion, creating a new baby universe.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":124,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":21,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Or","the","universe","will","collapse","and","the","stars","could","bounce","back",",","restarting","the","cosmic","expansion",",","creating","a","new","baby","universe","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Everything died, but everything is reborn.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Everything","died",",","but","everything","is","reborn","."],"tags":[1,23,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But to be clear, we have zero evidence that this has happened before or will in the future.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","to","be","clear",",","we","have","zero","evidence","that","this","has","happened","before","or","will","in","the","future","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So what will happen?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","what","will","happen","?"],"tags":[0,1,15,19,0]}
{"text":"Most scientists think that dark energy will stay constant, so the likely fate of the universe is heat death, eternal cold, and utter boredom.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":140,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":26,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Most","scientists","think","that","dark","energy","will","stay","constant",",","so","the","likely","fate","of","the","universe","is","heat","death",",","eternal","cold",",","and","utter","boredom","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In this scenario, we get to have the universe for the longest.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","this","scenario",",","we","get","to","have","the","universe","for","the","longest","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,17,18,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It gives us trillions of years to expand, jump from star to star, maybe even from galaxy to galaxy.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","gives","us","trillions","of","years","to","expand",",","jump","from","star","to","star",",","maybe","even","from","galaxy","to","galaxy","."],"tags":[1,25,9,7,8,8,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We might even find a way to keep consciousness around forever.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","might","even","find","a","way","to","keep","consciousness","around","forever","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We don't know.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,0]}
{"text":"So we just have to wait and see, and make the most of the amazing universe we have right now.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","we","just","have","to","wait","and","see",",","and","make","the","most","of","the","amazing","universe","we","have","right","now","."],"tags":[0,1,13,17,18,19,0,41,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Hey you, why don't you stick around for a bit longer?","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Hey","you",",","why","do","n't","you","stick","around","for","a","bit","longer","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,13,15,37,1,31,32,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We want to tell you about something that changed Kurzgesagt forever.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","want","to","tell","you","about","something","that","changed","Kurzgesagt","forever","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Kurzgesagt started out as a small-scale passion project, but creating animated science videos that are free for everyone doesn't pay the bills.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":142,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Kurzgesagt","started","out","as","a","small","-","scale","passion","project",",","but","creating","animated","science","videos","that","are","free","for","everyone","does","n't","pay","the","bills","."],"tags":[1,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In order to make ends meet, we had to take on real jobs during the day and create Kurzgesagt videos at night.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":22,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["In","order","to","make","ends","meet",",","we","had","to","take","on","real","jobs","during","the","day","and","create","Kurzgesagt","videos","at","night","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It was tough, but our dream of inspiring people all around the world kept us going.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":18,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","was","tough",",","but","our","dream","of","inspiring","people","all","around","the","world","kept","us","going","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Then, in 2016, everything changed.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Then",",","in","2016",",","everything","changed","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,0,1,23,0]}
{"text":"Kurzgesagt's founder, Philip Detmer, had an idea.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Kurzgesagt","'s","founder",",","Philip","Detmer",",","had","an","idea","."],"tags":[1,2,2,0,39,40,0,23,5,6,0]}
{"text":"He wanted to create something inspiring that would extend beyond the digital YouTube cosmos.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["He","wanted","to","create","something","inspiring","that","would","extend","beyond","the","digital","YouTube","cosmos","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It establishes a new Year Zero to include all people and cultures around the world.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","establishes","a","new","Year","Zero","to","include","all","people","and","cultures","around","the","world","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This new Year Zero, roughly 12,000 years ago, signifies a time when humans first started working together on a larger scale, laying the foundation for modern society, and eventually, our future ahead of us.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":205,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":38,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["This","new","Year","Zero",",","roughly","12,000","years","ago",",","signifies","a","time","when","humans","first","started","working","together","on","a","larger","scale",",","laying","the","foundation","for","modern","society",",","and","eventually",",","our","future","ahead","of","us","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The first Human Era Calendar was a huge success.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","first","Human","Era","Calendar","was","a","huge","success","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It sold out within a few hours and inspired thousands of burbs around the globe.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","sold","out","within","a","few","hours","and","inspired","thousands","of","burbs","around","the","globe","."],"tags":[1,31,32,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Every year since then, we've created a new edition of the Human Era Calendar, each one more spectacular and successful than the last.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":131,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":25,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Every","year","since","then",",","we","'ve","created","a","new","edition","of","the","Human","Era","Calendar",",","each","one","more","spectacular","and","successful","than","the","last","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It has enabled us to grow our team, improve our video quality and research standards, and still release our videos for free for everyone.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":136,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":25,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","has","enabled","us","to","grow","our","team",",","improve","our","video","quality","and","research","standards",",","and","still","release","our","videos","for","free","for","everyone","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"This year's calendar is extra special.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","year","'s","calendar","is","extra","special","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Join us as we conduct a series of space experiments to see how they would affect the development of life.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Join","us","as","we","conduct","a","series","of","space","experiments","to","see","how","they","would","affect","the","development","of","life","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What would a creature living near an orange dwarf look like?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["What","would","a","creature","living","near","an","orange","dwarf","look","like","?"],"tags":[11,15,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,11,0]}
{"text":"Could life still exist after a supernova explosion?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Could","life","still","exist","after","a","supernova","explosion","?"],"tags":[15,1,13,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And what the hell is this?","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","what","the","hell","is","this","?"],"tags":[0,11,12,12,21,1,0]}
{"text":"Join us in 12,024 and find out.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Join","us","in","12,024","and","find","out","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"And of course, you can also use it to plan humanity's next steps towards greatness.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","of","course",",","you","can","also","use","it","to","plan","humanity","'s","next","steps","towards","greatness","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To celebrate what may be our most glorious calendar yet, we've prepared a few spectacular limited deals for you.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":18,"token_start":14},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":20,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["To","celebrate","what","may","be","our","most","glorious","calendar","yet",",","we","'ve","prepared","a","few","spectacular","limited","deals","for","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so much for being a part of our story and for coming together every year to make all of this possible.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","for","being","a","part","of","our","story","and","for","coming","together","every","year","to","make","all","of","this","possible","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"See you in 12,024.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["See","you","in","12,024","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Mars is a disappointing hellhole lacking practically everything we need to stay alive.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Mars","is","a","disappointing","hellhole","lacking","practically","everything","we","need","to","stay","alive","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It looks like we'll only ever have small crews spend a miserable time hidden underground.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","looks","like","we","'ll","only","ever","have","small","crews","spend","a","miserable","time","hidden","underground","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But to solve the planet's problems, we first need to make it worse and turn it into oceans of lava with gigantic lasers.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":119,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","to","solve","the","planet","'s","problems",",","we","first","need","to","make","it","worse","and","turn","it","into","oceans","of","lava","with","gigantic","lasers","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This isn't a far-fetched science fiction tale.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","n't","a","far","-","fetched","science","fiction","tale","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Terraforming Mars is possible on the kind of timescale our ancestors built great monuments in.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Terraforming","Mars","is","possible","on","the","kind","of","timescale","our","ancestors","built","great","monuments","in","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If humanity solves some of its pressing problems and ventures into space to expand into the solar system, this may not be that far off.","spans":[{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":109,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":113,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":111,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":117,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":115,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":120,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":119,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":133,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":122,"token_end":25,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["If","humanity","solves","some","of","its","pressing","problems","and","ventures","into","space","to","expand","into","the","solar","system",",","this","may","not","be","that","far","off","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Okay, so how do we terraform Mars quickly?","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Okay",",","so","how","do","we","terraform","Mars","quickly","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,13,15,1,19,5,13,0]}
{"text":"Well, it's complicated.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Well",",","it","'s","complicated","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Mars is dry and has no soil to grow anything.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Mars","is","dry","and","has","no","soil","to","grow","anything","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Its atmosphere is too thin to breathe or protect us from radiation, giving you a high risk of cancer.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Its","atmosphere","is","too","thin","to","breathe","or","protect","us","from","radiation",",","giving","you","a","high","risk","of","cancer","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So to turn it into a new home for humanity, we have to give it a proper atmosphere similar to Earth's.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":54,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":62,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":101,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So","to","turn","it","into","a","new","home","for","humanity",",","we","have","to","give","it","a","proper","atmosphere","similar","to","Earth","'s","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"It should be made of 21% oxygen, 79% nitrogen and a tiny bit of CO2 at an average temperature of 48 degrees Celsius, and under 1 bar of pressure.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":67,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":17,"token_start":5},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":32,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["It","should","be","made","of","21","%","oxygen",",","79","%","nitrogen","and","a","tiny","bit","of","CO2","at","an","average","temperature","of","48","degrees","Celsius",",","and","under","1","bar","of","pressure","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,35,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We have to create oceans and rivers, and then the ground has to be weathered into fertile soil to host living things.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","have","to","create","oceans","and","rivers",",","and","then","the","ground","has","to","be","weathered","into","fertile","soil","to","host","living","things","."],"tags":[1,17,18,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Then we need to install a biosphere on the surface and prevent it all from being undone by installing protective measures that can stand the test of time.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":16,"token_start":3},{"end":153,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":27,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Then","we","need","to","install","a","biosphere","on","the","surface","and","prevent","it","all","from","being","undone","by","installing","protective","measures","that","can","stand","the","test","of","time","."],"tags":[13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It is difficult, but a big laser makes it a lot easier.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":21,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","is","difficult",",","but","a","big","laser","makes","it","a","lot","easier","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Some 4 billion years ago, Mars had a nice oxygen-rich atmosphere and was home to vast oceans and rivers.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Some","4","billion","years","ago",",","Mars","had","a","nice","oxygen","-","rich","atmosphere","and","was","home","to","vast","oceans","and","rivers","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It held on to it for several hundred million years before it got blown away.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","held","on","to","it","for","several","hundred","million","years","before","it","got","blown","away","."],"tags":[1,31,32,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Ultraviolet rays broke down the atmospheric gases and then the oceans until they were swept away by solar wind.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Ultraviolet","rays","broke","down","the","atmospheric","gases","and","then","the","oceans","until","they","were","swept","away","by","solar","wind","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Today, Mars is a dry, barren wasteland.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Today",",","Mars","is","a","dry",",","barren","wasteland","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Luckily, a sizable portion of the water is frozen in deep reservoirs and in the polar ice caps, enough to create a very shallow ocean.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Luckily",",","a","sizable","portion","of","the","water","is","frozen","in","deep","reservoirs","and","in","the","polar","ice","caps",",","enough","to","create","a","very","shallow","ocean","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And enormous amounts of oxygen are bound as minerals in the Martian rocks,","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","enormous","amounts","of","oxygen","are","bound","as","minerals","in","the","Martian","rocks",","],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To free these gases, we need to reverse the reactions that lock them away by using thermolysis, which occurs at temperatures as high as on the surface of the Sun.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":161,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":31,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["To","free","these","gases",",","we","need","to","reverse","the","reactions","that","lock","them","away","by","using","thermolysis",",","which","occurs","at","temperatures","as","high","as","on","the","surface","of","the","Sun","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In short, we want to melt the surface of Mars.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","short",",","we","want","to","melt","the","surface","of","Mars","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The best way to do that would be to put lasers in orbit, aiming their beams down on Mars.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","best","way","to","do","that","would","be","to","put","lasers","in","orbit",",","aiming","their","beams","down","on","Mars","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,12,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The most powerful laser today is the Eli NP, able to produce beams of 10 petawatts of power for a trillionth of a second.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":119,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":24,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","most","powerful","laser","today","is","the","Eli","NP",",","able","to","produce","beams","of","10","petawatts","of","power","for","a","trillionth","of","a","second","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"To melt Mars, we need a laser twice as powerful that runs continuously.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["To","melt","Mars",",","we","need","a","laser","twice","as","powerful","that","runs","continuously","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The easiest way is to use a solar-pumped laser that can be powered directly with sunlight.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":89,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","easiest","way","is","to","use","a","solar","-","pumped","laser","that","can","be","powered","directly","with","sunlight","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"At its core are metal-infused glass rods that absorb energy and release it as a laser beam.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["At","its","core","are","metal","-","infused","glass","rods","that","absorb","energy","and","release","it","as","a","laser","beam","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"If we build an array of mirrors in space about 11 times the size of the United States, we can focus enough sunlight onto them to melt Mars.","spans":[{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":89,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":93,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":90,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":99,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":94,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":115,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":23,"token_start":22},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":116,"token_end":25,"token_start":24},{"end":138,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":126,"token_end":28,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["If","we","build","an","array","of","mirrors","in","space","about","11","times","the","size","of","the","United","States",",","we","can","focus","enough","sunlight","onto","them","to","melt","Mars","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's do it!","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","do","it","!"],"tags":[19,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"As the lasers hit the surface, about 750 kilograms of oxygen and some carbon dioxide emerge from every cubic meter of rock melted.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":15,"token_start":7},{"end":91,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":85,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["As","the","lasers","hit","the","surface",",","about","750","kilograms","of","oxygen","and","some","carbon","dioxide","emerge","from","every","cubic","meter","of","rock","melted","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If we are efficient, our lasers only need to melt through the top 8 meters of the surface to get enough oxygen.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":18,"token_start":9},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":22,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","we","are","efficient",",","our","lasers","only","need","to","melt","through","the","top","8","meters","of","the","surface","to","get","enough","oxygen","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"The skies would be shrouded in storms, while the ground would glow red-hot, criss-crossed by currents of lava.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","skies","would","be","shrouded","in","storms",",","while","the","ground","would","glow","red","-","hot",",","criss","-","crossed","by","currents","of","lava","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Tireless laser beams sweep over the landscape, leaving trails too bright to look at.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Tireless","laser","beams","sweep","over","the","landscape",",","leaving","trails","too","bright","to","look","at","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After they pass, the ground cools quickly.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["After","they","pass",",","the","ground","cools","quickly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,25,13,0]}
{"text":"A strange snow falls, the ashes from all the elements that solidify as they cool down, like silicon and iron.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["A","strange","snow","falls",",","the","ashes","from","all","the","elements","that","solidify","as","they","cool","down",",","like","silicon","and","iron","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Mars is still a cold planet at this point.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Mars","is","still","a","cold","planet","at","this","point","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A happy side effect of this inferno is that all the water in the polar ice caps and even deep underground rises into the sky as hot steam,","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":136,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":27,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","happy","side","effect","of","this","inferno","is","that","all","the","water","in","the","polar","ice","caps","and","even","deep","underground","rises","into","the","sky","as","hot","steam",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They would wash out the nastier gases from the atmosphere, like chlorine, and carry away harmful elements that accumulated on the surface.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":137,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["They","would","wash","out","the","nastier","gases","from","the","atmosphere",",","like","chlorine",",","and","carry","away","harmful","elements","that","accumulated","on","the","surface","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In the end, they would form shallow oceans, saltier than on Earth.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","they","would","form","shallow","oceans",",","saltier","than","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We might need to do an extra cleanup afterwards.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","might","need","to","do","an","extra","cleanup","afterwards","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It would take about 50 years of continuous lasering to create our oxygen atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","would","take","about","50","years","of","continuous","lasering","to","create","our","oxygen","atmosphere","."],"tags":[3,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We could use this opportunity to dig deeper in some places to create the basins for salty oceans or rivers,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","could","use","this","opportunity","to","dig","deeper","in","some","places","to","create","the","basins","for","salty","oceans","or","rivers",","],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We're not done though.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","'re","not","done","though","."],"tags":[1,15,37,29,13,0]}
{"text":"The resulting atmosphere is nearly 100% oxygen and only 0.2 bar.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","resulting","atmosphere","is","nearly","100","%","oxygen","and","only","0.2","bar","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's hard to breathe and very flammable.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","hard","to","breathe","and","very","flammable","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"To make it similar to Earth and a lot safer, we need to add a lot of nitrogen, which Mars is sadly lacking.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["To","make","it","similar","to","Earth","and","a","lot","safer",",","we","need","to","add","a","lot","of","nitrogen",",","which","Mars","is","sadly","lacking","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We have to import it.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","have","to","import","it","."],"tags":[1,17,18,19,5,0]}
{"text":"The ideal source is Titan, a large moon of Saturn, covered in a thick atmosphere that's almost entirely nitrogen.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":111,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","ideal","source","is","Titan",",","a","large","moon","of","Saturn",",","covered","in","a","thick","atmosphere","that","'s","almost","entirely","nitrogen","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We just have to move 3,000 trillion tons from the outer solar system to Mars.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["We","just","have","to","move","3,000","trillion","tons","from","the","outer","solar","system","to","Mars","."],"tags":[1,13,17,18,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"While that's not easy, it is doable.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["While","that","'s","not","easy",",","it","is","doable","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"To process that much of Titan's atmosphere, we have to construct giant automated factories on its surface, powered by our lasers,","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["To","process","that","much","of","Titan","'s","atmosphere",",","we","have","to","construct","giant","automated","factories","on","its","surface",",","powered","by","our","lasers",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This gets pumped into bullet-shaped tanks, which are mass drivers shoots all the way to the Red Planet, where they explode and mix with the oxygen.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":29,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","gets","pumped","into","bullet","-","shaped","tanks",",","which","are","mass","drivers","shoots","all","the","way","to","the","Red","Planet",",","where","they","explode","and","mix","with","the","oxygen","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We've already been able to send individual missions to Saturn in just a few years.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","'ve","already","been","able","to","send","individual","missions","to","Saturn","in","just","a","few","years","."],"tags":[1,15,13,17,18,18,19,5,6,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"With enough resources, it should be possible to complete the task within two generations.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["With","enough","resources",",","it","should","be","possible","to","complete","the","task","within","two","generations","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,15,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Of course, it would be much more convenient to have nitrogen left over from terraforming Venus on the side.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":106,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Of","course",",","it","would","be","much","more","convenient","to","have","nitrogen","left","over","from","terraforming","Venus","on","the","side","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,15,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We explained this in detail in another video.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","explained","this","in","detail","in","another","video","."],"tags":[1,23,5,13,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, about a century after the start of the terraforming process, we have a breathable atmosphere that has the right gases.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":121,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["So",",","about","a","century","after","the","start","of","the","terraforming","process",",","we","have","a","breathable","atmosphere","that","has","the","right","gases","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If the liberated CO2 isn't enough to warm it up to temperatures we can stand, we just add some super greenhouse gases.","spans":[{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":86,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":116,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":23,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","the","liberated","CO2","is","n't","enough","to","warm","it","up","to","temperatures","we","can","stand",",","we","just","add","some","super","greenhouse","gases","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Mars at this point resembles a black marble from all the cooling lava, spotted with growing oceans and red patches where the old surface remains untouched.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":153,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":26,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Mars","at","this","point","resembles","a","black","marble","from","all","the","cooling","lava",",","spotted","with","growing","oceans","and","red","patches","where","the","old","surface","remains","untouched","."],"tags":[1,13,14,14,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's still a wasteland, no better than a desert on Earth.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","still","a","wasteland",",","no","better","than","a","desert","on","Earth","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We need to fill it with life.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","to","fill","it","with","life","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Installing a biosphere on a new planet is very difficult.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Installing","a","biosphere","on","a","new","planet","is","very","difficult","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Unexpected interactions between species or sudden diseases can destabilize it to the point of collapse.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":63,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Unexpected","interactions","between","species","or","sudden","diseases","can","destabilize","it","to","the","point","of","collapse","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We would probably begin by seeding our young oceans with phytoplankton.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","would","probably","begin","by","seeding","our","young","oceans","with","phytoplankton","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Without competition, it would bloom rapidly, filling up the oceans to become the bottom of an aquatic food chain.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Without","competition",",","it","would","bloom","rapidly",",","filling","up","the","oceans","to","become","the","bottom","of","an","aquatic","food","chain","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,19,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They can be followed by tiny zooplankton, then by fish, maybe even sharks and whales.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","can","be","followed","by","tiny","zooplankton",",","then","by","fish",",","maybe","even","sharks","and","whales","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If things go well, life in the oceans will thrive.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["If","things","go","well",",","life","in","the","oceans","will","thrive","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"Life on land is harder.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Life","on","land","is","harder","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Plants need nutrient-filled ground to sink their roots into, but most of the surface is the congealed remains of lava and ash.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":125,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Plants","need","nutrient","-","filled","ground","to","sink","their","roots","into",",","but","most","of","the","surface","is","the","congealed","remains","of","lava","and","ash","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We could wait for thousands of years for water and wind to grind it down into finer sands, or try to do it manually.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":17,"token_start":7},{"end":115,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":94,"token_end":24,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["We","could","wait","for","thousands","of","years","for","water","and","wind","to","grind","it","down","into","finer","sands",",","or","try","to","do","it","manually","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But we want to be quick, and we have a big laser.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","we","want","to","be","quick",",","and","we","have","a","big","laser","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Turning the beam on and off in rapid succession would cause the ground to quickly heat up and contract, which breaks it into smaller and smaller pieces.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":102,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Turning","the","beam","on","and","off","in","rapid","succession","would","cause","the","ground","to","quickly","heat","up","and","contract",",","which","breaks","it","into","smaller","and","smaller","pieces","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Add a bit of water, and you get a sort of dark mud.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Add","a","bit","of","water",",","and","you","get","a","sort","of","dark","mud","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Into this mud, we can mix fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Into","this","mud",",","we","can","mix","fungi","and","nitrogen","-","fixing","bacteria","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They're able to absorb nitrogen and convert it into nitrate compounds to feed plants.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":84,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["They","'re","able","to","absorb","nitrogen","and","convert","it","into","nitrate","compounds","to","feed","plants","."],"tags":[1,17,18,18,19,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The first plants we want to bring are native to volcanic islands on Earth, since they're perfectly suited to the laser-blasted Martian landscape.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":143,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":26,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","first","plants","we","want","to","bring","are","native","to","volcanic","islands","on","Earth",",","since","they","'re","perfectly","suited","to","the","laser","-","blasted","Martian","landscape","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Eventually, the enriched mud becomes the foundation for grasslands and forests.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Eventually",",","the","enriched","mud","becomes","the","foundation","for","grasslands","and","forests","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In Mars' lower gravity, trees can become very tall very fast.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","Mars","'","lower","gravity",",","trees","can","become","very","tall","very","fast","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Their roots gather the nutrients they need and then dig deeper to turn more rocks into soil, forming a self-sustaining ecosystem.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":23,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Their","roots","gather","the","nutrients","they","need","and","then","dig","deeper","to","turn","more","rocks","into","soil",",","forming","a","self","-","sustaining","ecosystem","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"At this point, we can slowly introduce more plant varieties, insects, and animals.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["At","this","point",",","we","can","slowly","introduce","more","plant","varieties",",","insects",",","and","animals","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The new biosphere needs to be maintained to prevent it from falling out of balance.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","new","biosphere","needs","to","be","maintained","to","prevent","it","from","falling","out","of","balance","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If plants grow too quickly and absorb too much carbon dioxide, the planet cools down too much.","spans":[{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","plants","grow","too","quickly","and","absorb","too","much","carbon","dioxide",",","the","planet","cools","down","too","much","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,31,32,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If key species die out, we could see populations collapse faster than they could recover.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":88,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["If","key","species","die","out",",","we","could","see","populations","collapse","faster","than","they","could","recover","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"On Earth, other species would move in to fill the void, but our Martian biosphere is not as flexible.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["On","Earth",",","other","species","would","move","in","to","fill","the","void",",","but","our","Martian","biosphere","is","not","as","flexible","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,31,32,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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{"text":"But eventually, the planet will have the potential to sustain large human colonies.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","eventually",",","the","planet","will","have","the","potential","to","sustain","large","human","colonies","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"With air, water, and food available, we can finally call Mars, black, blue, and green, our home.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":20,"token_start":13},{"end":94,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":23,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["With","air",",","water",",","and","food","available",",","we","can","finally","call","Mars",",","black",",","blue",",","and","green",",","our","home","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Will it last, though?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Will","it","last",",","though","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,0,13,0]}
{"text":"There is a problem we haven't addressed.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","a","problem","we","have","n't","addressed","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Mars' core does not produce a magnetic field, so it doesn't have enough protection from solar radiation or cosmic rays.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Mars","'","core","does","not","produce","a","magnetic","field",",","so","it","does","n't","have","enough","protection","from","solar","radiation","or","cosmic","rays","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This becomes dangerous for the long-term health of Martian populations.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","becomes","dangerous","for","the","long","-","term","health","of","Martian","populations","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, as a final step, we need an artificial magnetic field.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So",",","as","a","final","step",",","we","need","an","artificial","magnetic","field","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It doesn't have to be huge like Earth's.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","does","n't","have","to","be","huge","like","Earth","'s","."],"tags":[1,15,37,17,18,21,11,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It just needs to deflect the solar wind enough so that it doesn't touch Mars.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","just","needs","to","deflect","the","solar","wind","enough","so","that","it","does","n't","touch","Mars","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The easiest way is to construct a magnetic umbrella far ahead of Mars that splashes the solar wind to the sides.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":111,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","easiest","way","is","to","construct","a","magnetic","umbrella","far","ahead","of","Mars","that","splashes","the","solar","wind","to","the","sides","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"A big superconducting ring powered by nuclear facilities is all it takes.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["A","big","superconducting","ring","powered","by","nuclear","facilities","is","all","it","takes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It would orbit at the Mars-Sun L1 point, keeping it constantly in between the Sun and Mars and protect the new atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":19,"token_start":11},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":95,"token_end":24,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["It","would","orbit","at","the","Mars","-","Sun","L1","point",",","keeping","it","constantly","in","between","the","Sun","and","Mars","and","protect","the","new","atmosphere","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And that's it.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","that","'s","it","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,0]}
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{"text":"but it would be the first time we've lived in a home designed and shaped solely by us and for us.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":96,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["but","it","would","be","the","first","time","we","'ve","lived","in","a","home","designed","and","shaped","solely","by","us","and","for","us","."],"tags":[0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The first step that we can already take down here on Earth is learning more about the physics and biology needed for such a project.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":130,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","first","step","that","we","can","already","take","down","here","on","Earth","is","learning","more","about","the","physics","and","biology","needed","for","such","a","project","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To help you with that, we've created a series of lessons to build your fundamental understanding of these topics.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["To","help","you","with","that",",","we","'ve","created","a","series","of","lessons","to","build","your","fundamental","understanding","of","these","topics","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"Brilliant will be the catalyst to expand the limits of your knowledge.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Brilliant","will","be","the","catalyst","to","expand","the","limits","of","your","knowledge","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Leaving Earth to find new homes in space is an old dream of humanity, and will sooner or later be necessary for our survival.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":124,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":24,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Leaving","Earth","to","find","new","homes","in","space","is","an","old","dream","of","humanity",",","and","will","sooner","or","later","be","necessary","for","our","survival","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The planet that gets the most attention is Mars, a small, toxic, and energy-poor planet","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","planet","that","gets","the","most","attention","is","Mars",",","a","small",",","toxic",",","and","energy","-","poor","planet"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12]}
{"text":"that just about seems good enough for a colony of depressed humans huddled in underground cities.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["that","just","about","seems","good","enough","for","a","colony","of","depressed","humans","huddled","in","underground","cities","."],"tags":[1,13,14,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It might be easier than you think.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","might","be","easier","than","you","think","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Venus is by far the hottest planet in the solar system, with a surface temperature of 460\u00b0C, hot enough to melt lead.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Venus","is","by","far","the","hottest","planet","in","the","solar","system",",","with","a","surface","temperature","of","460","\u00b0","C",",","hot","enough","to","melt","lead","."],"tags":[1,21,13,14,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This heat is due to the most extreme greenhouse effect in the solar system.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","heat","is","due","to","the","most","extreme","greenhouse","effect","in","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"CO2 is great at trapping heat.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["CO2","is","great","at","trapping","heat","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Even a rise from 0.03% to 0.04% in Earth's atmosphere is heating up our planet right now.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":19,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Even","a","rise","from","0.03","%","to","0.04","%","in","Earth","'s","atmosphere","is","heating","up","our","planet","right","now","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,31,32,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Venus's atmosphere is 97% CO2.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Venus","'s","atmosphere","is","97","%","CO2","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Also, Venus's atmosphere is 93 times denser than Earth's.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Also",",","Venus","'s","atmosphere","is","93","times","denser","than","Earth","'s","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Standing on Venus's surface would feel like taking a dive about 900 meters deep into the ocean.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Standing","on","Venus","'s","surface","would","feel","like","taking","a","dive","about","900","meters","deep","into","the","ocean","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The pressure would kill you instantly.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","pressure","would","kill","you","instantly","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,13,0]}
{"text":"It's a truly horrible place, so why should we even bother?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","truly","horrible","place",",","so","why","should","we","even","bother","?"],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"First and foremost, Venus is almost as big as Earth and has 90% of its surface gravity.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["First","and","foremost",",","Venus","is","almost","as","big","as","Earth","and","has","90","%","of","its","surface","gravity","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Surface gravity is a big problem when colonizing the solar system because it's very likely that long stays in low-gravity places will have negative health effects.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":161,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":28,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Surface","gravity","is","a","big","problem","when","colonizing","the","solar","system","because","it","'s","very","likely","that","long","stays","in","low","-","gravity","places","will","have","negative","health","effects","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Venus's size means it could be the second largest habitat in the solar system, a new home for billions of humans and trillions of animals,","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":137,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":26,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Venus","'s","size","means","it","could","be","the","second","largest","habitat","in","the","solar","system",",","a","new","home","for","billions","of","humans","and","trillions","of","animals",","],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A properly terraformed Venus may be the most pleasant place to live outside of Earth.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["A","properly","terraformed","Venus","may","be","the","most","pleasant","place","to","live","outside","of","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"While we can't exactly terraform Venus today, a slightly more ambitious future version of us could take this project on.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":16,"token_start":9},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":93,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":103,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":99,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":116,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":20,"token_start":19},{"end":119,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":117,"token_end":21,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["While","we","ca","n't","exactly","terraform","Venus","today",",","a","slightly","more","ambitious","future","version","of","us","could","take","this","project","on","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,35,0]}
{"text":"It will take a few generations to complete and be a huge challenge, like building the Great Pyramids was for our ancestors.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","will","take","a","few","generations","to","complete","and","be","a","huge","challenge",",","like","building","the","Great","Pyramids","was","for","our","ancestors","."],"tags":[3,15,19,5,6,6,1,2,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But then, it's not like humans have never started projects that took more than a lifetime to complete.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","then",",","it","'s","not","like","humans","have","never","started","projects","that","took","more","than","a","lifetime","to","complete","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Okay, let's do it.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Okay",",","let","'s","do","it","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Before anything else, we need to cool Venus down and remove the gas that makes up the extremely heavy atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Before","anything","else",",","we","need","to","cool","Venus","down","and","remove","the","gas","that","makes","up","the","extremely","heavy","atmosphere","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As mentioned, there's a lot of it, around 465 million billion tons.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["As","mentioned",",","there","'s","a","lot","of","it",",","around","465","million","billion","tons","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"How do we do that?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["How","do","we","do","that","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"There are a few options.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","a","few","options","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We could create giant solar collectors, powering a huge array of laser beams that heat up the atmosphere so much that it's blasted into space.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":140,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":26,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","could","create","giant","solar","collectors",",","powering","a","huge","array","of","laser","beams","that","heat","up","the","atmosphere","so","much","that","it","'s","blasted","into","space","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Although we would need thousands of times the entire power-generating capacity of humanity, and it would still take thousands of years to remove the atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":14,"token_start":4},{"end":159,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":96,"token_end":27,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Although","we","would","need","thousands","of","times","the","entire","power","-","generating","capacity","of","humanity",",","and","it","would","still","take","thousands","of","years","to","remove","the","atmosphere","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Another way is to sequester the atmosphere, binding the CO2 in different compounds through chemical reactions.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":109,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Another","way","is","to","sequester","the","atmosphere",",","binding","the","CO2","in","different","compounds","through","chemical","reactions","."],"tags":[11,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We could mine elements like calcium or magnesium on Mercury and shoot them at Venus via mass driver systems.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","could","mine","elements","like","calcium","or","magnesium","on","Mercury","and","shoot","them","at","Venus","via","mass","driver","systems","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The metals would combine to bind the CO2 into different carbonates, basically forever.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","metals","would","combine","to","bind","the","CO2","into","different","carbonates",",","basically","forever","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But the scale makes the whole thing impractical.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","the","scale","makes","the","whole","thing","impractical","."],"tags":[0,1,2,25,5,6,6,33,0]}
{"text":"We would need several hundred billion tons of material to sequester the CO2 this way.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","would","need","several","hundred","billion","tons","of","material","to","sequester","the","CO2","this","way","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"An equally ridiculous idea that could actually work is to put Venus in the shade.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["An","equally","ridiculous","idea","that","could","actually","work","is","to","put","Venus","in","the","shade","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The mirror doesn't need to be complex or massive, just a very thin foil with a little structural support.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","mirror","does","n't","need","to","be","complex","or","massive",",","just","a","very","thin","foil","with","a","little","structural","support","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Building such a large flat surface so close to the sun will turn it effectively into a solar sail and push it out of position.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":18,"token_start":15},{"end":125,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":102,"token_end":24,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Building","such","a","large","flat","surface","so","close","to","the","sun","will","turn","it","effectively","into","a","solar","sail","and","push","it","out","of","position","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,5,13,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So instead of one giant circular object, our mirror will consist of many different pieces.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","instead","of","one","giant","circular","object",",","our","mirror","will","consist","of","many","different","pieces","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,31,32,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Annular slats of angled mirrors can reflect sunlight from one set of mirrors to the next.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Annular","slats","of","angled","mirrors","can","reflect","sunlight","from","one","set","of","mirrors","to","the","next","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Mirrors would be angled, reflecting light from one to another until the light is redirected to the back, balancing the force on the front and holding them in position.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":165,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":30,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Mirrors","would","be","angled",",","reflecting","light","from","one","to","another","until","the","light","is","redirected","to","the","back",",","balancing","the","force","on","the","front","and","holding","them","in","position","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After a few years of getting the infrastructure in place, things start slowly and then escalate.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":65,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":82,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["After","a","few","years","of","getting","the","infrastructure","in","place",",","things","start","slowly","and","then","escalate","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"For the first few decades, the atmosphere slowly cools down but stays dense and deadly.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["For","the","first","few","decades",",","the","atmosphere","slowly","cools","down","but","stays","dense","and","deadly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,13,31,32,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Until, after some 60 years, it reaches the critical temperature of 31 degrees Celsius.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Until",",","after","some","60","years",",","it","reaches","the","critical","temperature","of","31","degrees","Celsius","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Suddenly, the great flood begins on Venus as CO2 turns to liquid at this pressure and begins to rain down.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Suddenly",",","the","great","flood","begins","on","Venus","as","CO2","turns","to","liquid","at","this","pressure","and","begins","to","rain","down","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,25,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The pressure and temperature suddenly begin to drop in unison.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","pressure","and","temperature","suddenly","begin","to","drop","in","unison","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For almost a century, puddles turn into lakes and oceans.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","almost","a","century",",","puddles","turn","into","lakes","and","oceans","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The surface temperature is now minus 56 degrees Celsius and the pressure has dropped to only 7 times the pressure on Earth.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":21,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","surface","temperature","is","now","minus","56","degrees","Celsius","and","the","pressure","has","dropped","to","only","7","times","the","pressure","on","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Finally, at a really unpleasant minus 81 degrees Celsius, the CO2 oceans begin to freeze and the rain turns into snow.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":73,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":117,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":93,"token_end":22,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Finally",",","at","a","really","unpleasant","minus","81","degrees","Celsius",",","the","CO2","oceans","begin","to","freeze","and","the","rain","turns","into","snow","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This leaves us with a frozen Venus covered in oceans as hard as rock and gigantic CO2 glaciers.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","leaves","us","with","a","frozen","Venus","covered","in","oceans","as","hard","as","rock","and","gigantic","CO2","glaciers","."],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"What remains of the atmosphere is mostly nitrogen at about 3 times Earth's surface pressure.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["What","remains","of","the","atmosphere","is","mostly","nitrogen","at","about","3","times","Earth","'s","surface","pressure","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you don't mind freezing and suffocating, you can now take a stroll over Venus' surface.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","do","n't","mind","freezing","and","suffocating",",","you","can","now","take","a","stroll","over","Venus","'","surface","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But the frozen CO2 remains a bit of a problem.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","the","frozen","CO2","remains","a","bit","of","a","problem","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"At some point, we want to warm up the planet, but if we do, the CO2 ice will melt and fill up the atmosphere again.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":27,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["At","some","point",",","we","want","to","warm","up","the","planet",",","but","if","we","do",",","the","CO2","ice","will","melt","and","fill","up","the","atmosphere","again","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So we need some way to keep it from doing that.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","we","need","some","way","to","keep","it","from","doing","that","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"One is to simply cover it all with cheap plastic insulation and cover it up with ground-up Venus rock or water oceans.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":117,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["One","is","to","simply","cover","it","all","with","cheap","plastic","insulation","and","cover","it","up","with","ground","-","up","Venus","rock","or","water","oceans","."],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Although some planetary scientists will be very stressed out about us building a new planet containing a potential time bomb like that.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":134,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":21,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Although","some","planetary","scientists","will","be","very","stressed","out","about","us","building","a","new","planet","containing","a","potential","time","bomb","like","that","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A few unfortunately timed volcanoes could melt a lot of CO2 at once and ruin everything.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["A","few","unfortunately","timed","volcanoes","could","melt","a","lot","of","CO2","at","once","and","ruin","everything","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"Another obvious solution is to shoot it all out into space and collect it into a small moon for storage and future use.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":118,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Another","obvious","solution","is","to","shoot","it","all","out","into","space","and","collect","it","into","a","small","moon","for","storage","and","future","use","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We can make this more efficient by using mass drivers instead of rockets, but moving all that mass will still be a pretty intense challenge that will take some time to solve.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":173,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":32,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["We","can","make","this","more","efficient","by","using","mass","drivers","instead","of","rockets",",","but","moving","all","that","mass","will","still","be","a","pretty","intense","challenge","that","will","take","some","time","to","solve","."],"tags":[1,15,19,0,0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Whatever we end up doing with the atmosphere, to move forward we need water, which we could get from ice moons.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Whatever","we","end","up","doing","with","the","atmosphere",",","to","move","forward","we","need","water",",","which","we","could","get","from","ice","moons","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Europa, a moon of Jupiter, has twice as much water as Earth's oceans.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Europa",",","a","moon","of","Jupiter",",","has","twice","as","much","water","as","Earth","'s","oceans","."],"tags":[1,0,39,40,40,40,0,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Now, catching a moon and transporting it through the solar system is not exactly easy.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Now",",","catching","a","moon","and","transporting","it","through","the","solar","system","is","not","exactly","easy","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,0]}
{"text":"So instead, it might be easier to cut chunks of ice off Europa with an army of construction drones and shoot them at Venus using more of those mass drivers.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":155,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":30,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","instead",",","it","might","be","easier","to","cut","chunks","of","ice","off","Europa","with","an","army","of","construction","drones","and","shoot","them","at","Venus","using","more","of","those","mass","drivers","."],"tags":[0,13,0,3,15,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Space tethers could save us a lot of effort and energy here.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Space","tethers","could","save","us","a","lot","of","effort","and","energy","here","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,13,0]}
{"text":"We made a whole video explaining how they work, but in a nutshell, they are slings that can take a payload on both ends.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":25,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","made","a","whole","video","explaining","how","they","work",",","but","in","a","nutshell",",","they","are","slings","that","can","take","a","payload","on","both","ends","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"On Europa, they do most of the work needed to catapult our ice to Venus.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["On","Europa",",","they","do","most","of","the","work","needed","to","catapult","our","ice","to","Venus","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The ice hits the Venus tethers, which gently drop it into the atmosphere, where it falls down as snow.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","ice","hits","the","Venus","tethers",",","which","gently","drop","it","into","the","atmosphere",",","where","it","falls","down","as","snow","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In exchange, the Venus tethers get to catch CO2 ice shot up from below and accelerate it into orbit.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["In","exchange",",","the","Venus","tethers","get","to","catch","CO2","ice","shot","up","from","below","and","accelerate","it","into","orbit","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We can remove excess nitrogen using this same method to further lower our atmospheric pressure.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","can","remove","excess","nitrogen","using","this","same","method","to","further","lower","our","atmospheric","pressure","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After a few decades or centuries, Venus would be covered by a nice, shallow, frozen ocean a few hundred meters deep.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["After","a","few","decades","or","centuries",",","Venus","would","be","covered","by","a","nice",",","shallow",",","frozen","ocean","a","few","hundred","meters","deep","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It would look extremely different from today.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","would","look","extremely","different","from","today","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A few continents and countless islands have formed.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","few","continents","and","countless","islands","have","formed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"This is beginning to look a bit like our planet.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","beginning","to","look","a","bit","like","our","planet","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Now the last and most magnificent phase of terraforming begins, making the atmosphere breathable and adding life.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":56,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Now","the","last","and","most","magnificent","phase","of","terraforming","begins",",","making","the","atmosphere","breathable","and","adding","life","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"First, we need light, though, and we need to heat the planet up again.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["First",",","we","need","light",",","though",",","and","we","need","to","heat","the","planet","up","again","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,0,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A Venus day is 2,802 hours long, more than 116 Earth days.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","Venus","day","is","2,802","hours","long",",","more","than","116","Earth","days","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So, if we just remove our giant mirror, we would grill half of our planet.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So",",","if","we","just","remove","our","giant","mirror",",","we","would","grill","half","of","our","planet","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Even without the massive atmosphere, temperatures would reach unbearable levels.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Even","without","the","massive","atmosphere",",","temperatures","would","reach","unbearable","levels","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The simplest way to create a day-night cycle and let some energy in again is with another set of mirrors to illuminate our continents and melt our water oceans,","spans":[{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":159,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":30,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["The","simplest","way","to","create","a","day","-","night","cycle","and","let","some","energy","in","again","is","with","another","set","of","mirrors","to","illuminate","our","continents","and","melt","our","water","oceans",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The atmosphere is now mostly made up of nitrogen and basically devoid of oxygen.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","atmosphere","is","now","mostly","made","up","of","nitrogen","and","basically","devoid","of","oxygen","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,13,29,35,36,33,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So the first inhabitants will likely be trillions and trillions of cyanobacteria, which can get photosynthesizing and release oxygen.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":132,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","the","first","inhabitants","will","likely","be","trillions","and","trillions","of","cyanobacteria",",","which","can","get","photosynthesizing","and","release","oxygen","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"they were probably responsible for turning the toxic atmosphere of our young Earth into an atmosphere with enough oxygen for more complex animal life.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":148,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":23,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["they","were","probably","responsible","for","turning","the","toxic","atmosphere","of","our","young","Earth","into","an","atmosphere","with","enough","oxygen","for","more","complex","animal","life","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But not only that, cyanobacteria can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and turn it into nutrients that can be used by living beings.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","not","only","that",",","cyanobacteria","can","fix","nitrogen","from","the","atmosphere","and","turn","it","into","nutrients","that","can","be","used","by","living","beings","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This way, they will essentially fertilize our dead ocean water and prepare it for more complex organisms.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["This","way",",","they","will","essentially","fertilize","our","dead","ocean","water","and","prepare","it","for","more","complex","organisms","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"On land, our colonists need to grind down some of the former Venusian surface to make soil for nitrogen-fixing plants to grow on.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":14,"token_start":6},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":25,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["On","land",",","our","colonists","need","to","grind","down","some","of","the","former","Venusian","surface","to","make","soil","for","nitrogen","-","fixing","plants","to","grow","on","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Eventually, billions of trees would spread, creating large forests covering massive parts of the continents.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Eventually",",","billions","of","trees","would","spread",",","creating","large","forests","covering","massive","parts","of","the","continents","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,15,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Venus would turn green.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Venus","would","turn","green","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"To speed things up, CO2 would be strategically released to supply the plants and cyanobacteria.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["To","speed","things","up",",","CO2","would","be","strategically","released","to","supply","the","plants","and","cyanobacteria","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Areas already covered with plants could get extra daylight from our orbital mirrors so the plants would be active for most of each day.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":134,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":87,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Areas","already","covered","with","plants","could","get","extra","daylight","from","our","orbital","mirrors","so","the","plants","would","be","active","for","most","of","each","day","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Maybe we won't have to do this with the same plants and animals we know today.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Maybe","we","wo","n't","have","to","do","this","with","the","same","plants","and","animals","we","know","today","."],"tags":[13,1,15,37,17,18,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As genetic engineering matures and our understanding of genetics and the machinery of life expands, we might just engineer life as we need it.","spans":[{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":101,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":107,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":103,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":121,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":114,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":126,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":123,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":128,"token_end":24,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["As","genetic","engineering","matures","and","our","understanding","of","genetics","and","the","machinery","of","life","expands",",","we","might","just","engineer","life","as","we","need","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All in all, it would take several thousand years to make the atmosphere breathable by humans.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["All","in","all",",","it","would","take","several","thousand","years","to","make","the","atmosphere","breathable","by","humans","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,3,15,19,5,6,6,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In the meantime, you could stroll around with nothing more than regular clothes and an oxygen mask.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","the","meantime",",","you","could","stroll","around","with","nothing","more","than","regular","clothes","and","an","oxygen","mask","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Settlers would enjoy a vast new planet filled with resources and bathed in sunlight.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Settlers","would","enjoy","a","vast","new","planet","filled","with","resources","and","bathed","in","sunlight","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They might think of new ways to use the vast amounts of carbon dioxide ice and nitrogen orbiting in space above.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","might","think","of","new","ways","to","use","the","vast","amounts","of","carbon","dioxide","ice","and","nitrogen","orbiting","in","space","above","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Venus is fully terraformed.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Venus","is","fully","terraformed","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,0]}
{"text":"Animals roam through vast ecosystems.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Animals","roam","through","vast","ecosystems","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Cities are being constructed.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Cities","are","being","constructed","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"Billions of settlers and their descendants make this world their home.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":69,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Billions","of","settlers","and","their","descendants","make","this","world","their","home","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,33,34,0]}
{"text":"They will see images of the past.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","will","see","images","of","the","past","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"How Venus was once the most hostile planet around.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["How","Venus","was","once","the","most","hostile","planet","around","."],"tags":[13,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"How it took hundreds of years to freeze hell and to ship in the oceans and another few thousand years to make it possible to breathe freely.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":14,"token_start":6},{"end":139,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":26,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["How","it","took","hundreds","of","years","to","freeze","hell","and","to","ship","in","the","oceans","and","another","few","thousand","years","to","make","it","possible","to","breathe","freely","."],"tags":[13,3,23,5,6,6,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They will barely be able to believe it.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["They","will","barely","be","able","to","believe","it","."],"tags":[1,15,13,17,18,18,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Okay, maybe it's not that easy to terraform Venus and a lot of things must go right for this future to become reality.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":117,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":24,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Okay",",","maybe","it","'s","not","that","easy","to","terraform","Venus","and","a","lot","of","things","must","go","right","for","this","future","to","become","reality","."],"tags":[0,0,13,3,21,37,11,12,1,2,2,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But it is possible and with technology that is within the reach of a motivated and slightly more advanced humanity that wants to venture into space.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","it","is","possible","and","with","technology","that","is","within","the","reach","of","a","motivated","and","slightly","more","advanced","humanity","that","wants","to","venture","into","space","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The only thing that's stopping it is our imagination.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","only","thing","that","'s","stopping","it","is","our","imagination","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
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{"text":"If you think about it, your imagination is the only thing stopping you from doing all kinds of things.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","you","think","about","it",",","your","imagination","is","the","only","thing","stopping","you","from","doing","all","kinds","of","things","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"All you need is a little nudge and we might just have the right thing to get you started.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["All","you","need","is","a","little","nudge","and","we","might","just","have","the","right","thing","to","get","you","started","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We are big fans of Skillshare, an online learning community that offers thousands of classes for all skill levels in tons of creative disciplines like illustration, animation, or film and video.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":192,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":33,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","are","big","fans","of","Skillshare",",","an","online","learning","community","that","offers","thousands","of","classes","for","all","skill","levels","in","tons","of","creative","disciplines","like","illustration",",","animation",",","or","film","and","video","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Or you could try a class on home decoration, growing houseplants, or playing the guitar.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Or","you","could","try","a","class","on","home","decoration",",","growing","houseplants",",","or","playing","the","guitar","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There's something for everyone really.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["There","'s","something","for","everyone","really","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,13,0]}
{"text":"The first 1000 Kurzgesagt viewers to click the link in the description will get a one month free trial of Skillshare.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":76,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":115,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","first","1000","Kurzgesagt","viewers","to","click","the","link","in","the","description","will","get","a","one","month","free","trial","of","Skillshare","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Since we started working with Skillshare, you, our viewers, have taken over 100,000 hours of classes, including our own three Skillshare classes on how we make our animations.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":174,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":31,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Since","we","started","working","with","Skillshare",",","you",",","our","viewers",",","have","taken","over","100,000","hours","of","classes",",","including","our","own","three","Skillshare","classes","on","how","we","make","our","animations","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,0,39,40,0,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you want to learn more about motion graphics, give them a try.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","learn","more","about","motion","graphics",",","give","them","a","try","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,9,7,8,0]}
{"text":"We liked the scientific method for artists, find inspiration, get motivated, and grow your creative skills by Kendall Hillegas.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":125,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","liked","the","scientific","method","for","artists",",","find","inspiration",",","get","motivated",",","and","grow","your","creative","skills","by","Kendall","Hillegas","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In this class, Kendall explains her four phase process for exploring and figuring out your direction as an artist.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","this","class",",","Kendall","explains","her","four","phase","process","for","exploring","and","figuring","out","your","direction","as","an","artist","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For us, it was a great way to get into the flow of creating something.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["For","us",",","it","was","a","great","way","to","get","into","the","flow","of","creating","something","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But anything that makes you feel excited and sparks new ideas is a great first step.","spans":[{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","anything","that","makes","you","feel","excited","and","sparks","new","ideas","is","a","great","first","step","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you want to get creative with new skills and support Kurzgesagt, give it a go.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":79,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","get","creative","with","new","skills","and","support","Kurzgesagt",",","give","it","a","go","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,9,7,8,0]}
{"text":"Humans dream about leaving Earth and traveling through the galaxy.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Humans","dream","about","leaving","Earth","and","traveling","through","the","galaxy","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But we were born too early to be part of it.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","we","were","born","too","early","to","be","part","of","it","."],"tags":[0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The reality is, we could begin our dream by building a moon base today.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","reality","is",",","we","could","begin","our","dream","by","building","a","moon","base","today","."],"tags":[1,2,21,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We actually do have the technology, and current estimates from NASA and the private sector say it could be done for 20 to 40 billion dollars spread out over about a decade.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":171,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":32,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","actually","do","have","the","technology",",","and","current","estimates","from","NASA","and","the","private","sector","say","it","could","be","done","for","20","to","40","billion","dollars","spread","out","over","about","a","decade","."],"tags":[1,13,15,19,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The price is comparable to the International Space Station or the budget surplus of Germany in 2017.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","price","is","comparable","to","the","International","Space","Station","or","the","budget","surplus","of","Germany","in","2017","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The payoff would be immeasurable.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","payoff","would","be","immeasurable","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The moon is a sandbox to develop new technologies and exploit unlimited resources.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","moon","is","a","sandbox","to","develop","new","technologies","and","exploit","unlimited","resources","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It would start a new space race and lay the foundation for us to spread out into the solar system and beyond.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","would","start","a","new","space","race","and","lay","the","foundation","for","us","to","spread","out","into","the","solar","system","and","beyond","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It would create a vast array of new technologies to benefit us on Earth.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","would","create","a","vast","array","of","new","technologies","to","benefit","us","on","Earth","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And we would all be part of it.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","we","would","all","be","part","of","it","."],"tags":[0,1,15,39,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So why aren't we doing it?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","why","are","n't","we","doing","it","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,37,1,27,5,0]}
{"text":"Well, sadly, it's hard to get governments interested in long-term investments in the future of humanity.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":103,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Well",",","sadly",",","it","'s","hard","to","get","governments","interested","in","long","-","term","investments","in","the","future","of","humanity","."],"tags":[0,0,13,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Let's imagine just doing it.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","imagine","just","doing","it","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"If we start today, how would we build a moon base?","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","we","start","today",",","how","would","we","build","a","moon","base","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Throughout history, colonization happened in phases.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Throughout","history",",","colonization","happened","in","phases","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,23,13,14,0]}
{"text":"In the first phase of the Age of Exploration of the New World, for example, European monarchs funded expeditions to chart and discover and to stake their claims.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":18,"token_start":17},{"end":99,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":94,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":159,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":29,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["In","the","first","phase","of","the","Age","of","Exploration","of","the","New","World",",","for","example",",","European","monarchs","funded","expeditions","to","chart","and","discover","and","to","stake","their","claims","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They planted a flag and set up a camp, but they didn't stay.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["They","planted","a","flag","and","set","up","a","camp",",","but","they","did","n't","stay","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In the second phase, small missions set up outposts and settlements were founded, which were still very dependent on their home countries for supplies.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","the","second","phase",",","small","missions","set","up","outposts","and","settlements","were","founded",",","which","were","still","very","dependent","on","their","home","countries","for","supplies","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Some failed, but others survived and established a permanent presence.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":17,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Some","failed",",","but","others","survived","and","established","a","permanent","presence","."],"tags":[1,23,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"When we colonize the moon, we'll go through the same three phases.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["When","we","colonize","the","moon",",","we","'ll","go","through","the","same","three","phases","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The moon is not a welcoming place for living things.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","moon","is","not","a","welcoming","place","for","living","things","."],"tags":[1,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A moon day lasts 29 Earth days, with a difference of nearly 300 degrees Celsius between sunlight and shade.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","moon","day","lasts","29","Earth","days",",","with","a","difference","of","nearly","300","degrees","Celsius","between","sunlight","and","shade","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There's no atmosphere to shield us from meteorites big and small or cosmic radiation.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","no","atmosphere","to","shield","us","from","meteorites","big","and","small","or","cosmic","radiation","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Worse still, the lunar surface is covered in a layer of nasty, jagged dust.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Worse","still",",","the","lunar","surface","is","covered","in","a","layer","of","nasty",",","jagged","dust","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The moon is hard, but we're good at doing hard things.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","moon","is","hard",",","but","we","'re","good","at","doing","hard","things","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In the first phase of lunar colonization, our explorers proved it can be done, that a new world can be reached.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","the","first","phase","of","lunar","colonization",",","our","explorers","proved","it","can","be","done",",","that","a","new","world","can","be","reached","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This phase started 60 years ago with the Apollo missions.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","phase","started","60","years","ago","with","the","Apollo","missions","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Since then, satellites like the American Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter have mapped the moon,","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Since","then",",","satellites","like","the","American","Lunar","Reconnaissance","Orbiter","have","mapped","the","moon",","],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,0]}
{"text":"while rovers like the Chinese Yutu have studied the composition of the lunar surface, looking for water ice and metals.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["while","rovers","like","the","Chinese","Yutu","have","studied","the","composition","of","the","lunar","surface",",","looking","for","water","ice","and","metals","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Phase one is more or less complete.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Phase","one","is","more","or","less","complete","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We know what we need to know to enter phase two.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","know","what","we","need","to","know","to","enter","phase","two","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In the second phase, astronauts will build the first moon base, and this could begin today.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","the","second","phase",",","astronauts","will","build","the","first","moon","base",",","and","this","could","begin","today","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The first small moon base could be completed in a decade.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","first","small","moon","base","could","be","completed","in","a","decade","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The first nation that establishes this base will be akin to the first nations building outposts in the new world 500 years ago.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":125,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","first","nation","that","establishes","this","base","will","be","akin","to","the","first","nations","building","outposts","in","the","new","world","500","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's expensive to send rockets to the moon, so we will send as little as possible.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["It","'s","expensive","to","send","rockets","to","the","moon",",","so","we","will","send","as","little","as","possible","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The base will be light, little more than inflatable habitats for crews of no more than 12, and will be deployed somewhere with natural shelter.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":17,"token_start":4},{"end":142,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":95,"token_end":26,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["The","base","will","be","light",",","little","more","than","inflatable","habitats","for","crews","of","no","more","than","12",",","and","will","be","deployed","somewhere","with","natural","shelter","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Options include caves, like underground lava tube tunnels, or craters near the poles, where the days are six months long.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":119,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Options","include","caves",",","like","underground","lava","tube","tunnels",",","or","craters","near","the","poles",",","where","the","days","are","six","months","long","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"These astronauts will not stay long.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["These","astronauts","will","not","stay","long","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,13,0]}
{"text":"The habitat is likely to be abandoned between missions, as solar panels cannot generate electricity during the lunar night.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","habitat","is","likely","to","be","abandoned","between","missions",",","as","solar","panels","can","not","generate","electricity","during","the","lunar","night","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But they'll do the groundwork to enable humans to stay permanently.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","they","'ll","do","the","groundwork","to","enable","humans","to","stay","permanently","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our first crew will consist of scientists and engineers who will study the composition of the moon and whose experiments will explore ways of using the available lunar material,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":175,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":28,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Our","first","crew","will","consist","of","scientists","and","engineers","who","will","study","the","composition","of","the","moon","and","whose","experiments","will","explore","ways","of","using","the","available","lunar","material",","],"tags":[1,2,2,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And water is important for far more than drinking.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","water","is","important","for","far","more","than","drinking","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They can use it to experiment with growing plants for food.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","can","use","it","to","experiment","with","growing","plants","for","food","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Hydrogen fuel cells will store power through the long night, extending astronauts' stays.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Hydrogen","fuel","cells","will","store","power","through","the","long","night",",","extending","astronauts","'","stays","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And most importantly, it can be split into hydrogen and oxygen, rocket fuel.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","most","importantly",",","it","can","be","split","into","hydrogen","and","oxygen",",","rocket","fuel","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"By harvesting water from the moon and putting it into orbit, the moon base will supply an orbital depot where scientific missions to Mars and the outer solar system can refuel.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":80,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":174,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":31,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["By","harvesting","water","from","the","moon","and","putting","it","into","orbit",",","the","moon","base","will","supply","an","orbital","depot","where","scientific","missions","to","Mars","and","the","outer","solar","system","can","refuel","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Compared to the Earth, it's much easier and cheaper to get things off the moon into orbit.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":89,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Compared","to","the","Earth",",","it","'s","much","easier","and","cheaper","to","get","things","off","the","moon","into","orbit","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,12,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Colonizing Mars may mean starting from the moon.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Colonizing","Mars","may","mean","starting","from","the","moon","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But this isn't a true colony.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","this","is","n't","a","true","colony","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The base will be abandoned if funding stops.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","base","will","be","abandoned","if","funding","stops","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If we want our base to grow into the third phase, into a true colony, it must become self-sufficient, supporting itself via exports to Earth.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":83,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":22,"token_start":20},{"end":139,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":29,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["If","we","want","our","base","to","grow","into","the","third","phase",",","into","a","true","colony",",","it","must","become","self","-","sufficient",",","supporting","itself","via","exports","to","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Now, private contractors arrive, looking to get rich off lunar resources and support services.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Now",",","private","contractors","arrive",",","looking","to","get","rich","off","lunar","resources","and","support","services","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If it's cheaper to produce rocket fuel in space, what else can they get rich on?","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":71,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","it","'s","cheaper","to","produce","rocket","fuel","in","space",",","what","else","can","they","get","rich","on","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,15,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"They could extract precious metals, abundant in impact craters and other raw materials from the lunar regolith.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":13,"token_start":3},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["They","could","extract","precious","metals",",","abundant","in","impact","craters","and","other","raw","materials","from","the","lunar","regolith","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One promising possibility is the mining of Helium-3, an isotope that could one day be used in nuclear fusion reactors,","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":116,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["One","promising","possibility","is","the","mining","of","Helium-3",",","an","isotope","that","could","one","day","be","used","in","nuclear","fusion","reactors",","],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Future colonists may export Helium-3 back to Earth, providing us with cheap and clean fusion energy.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Future","colonists","may","export","Helium-3","back","to","Earth",",","providing","us","with","cheap","and","clean","fusion","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Asteroids could be pulled into the moon's orbit and mined.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Asteroids","could","be","pulled","into","the","moon","'s","orbit","and","mined","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0,41,0]}
{"text":"With commercial exports to Earth, the colony is fully in its third phase, self-sufficient and economically productive.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":117,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["With","commercial","exports","to","Earth",",","the","colony","is","fully","in","its","third","phase",",","self","-","sufficient","and","economically","productive","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Our base will begin using lunar material in its construction projects if it's to continue growing.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Our","base","will","begin","using","lunar","material","in","its","construction","projects","if","it","'s","to","continue","growing","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Fortunately, lunar soil has all the necessary ingredients to make concrete.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Fortunately",",","lunar","soil","has","all","the","necessary","ingredients","to","make","concrete","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Robotic mining rigs can sift the lunar dust for organic molecules and could be used to build huge structures way too massive to be brought from Earth,","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":149,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":26,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Robotic","mining","rigs","can","sift","the","lunar","dust","for","organic","molecules","and","could","be","used","to","build","huge","structures","way","too","massive","to","be","brought","from","Earth",","],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"while advances in 3D printing will make it possible to produce almost everything else the crews need.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":100,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["while","advances","in","3D","printing","will","make","it","possible","to","produce","almost","everything","else","the","crews","need","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"It's hard to say when exactly the colony becomes self-sustaining.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","hard","to","say","when","exactly","the","colony","becomes","self","-","sustaining","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Growth is gradual, experiments are replaced by industry, and the population steadily reaches the hundreds, encompassing more than just scientists.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":145,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Growth","is","gradual",",","experiments","are","replaced","by","industry",",","and","the","population","steadily","reaches","the","hundreds",",","encompassing","more","than","just","scientists","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Engineers, pilots, and contractors representing countries and corporations will be present.","spans":[{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":81,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Engineers",",","pilots",",","and","contractors","representing","countries","and","corporations","will","be","present","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Two of these people will make a breakthrough.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Two","of","these","people","will","make","a","breakthrough","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"They will have the first extraterrestrial child.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","will","have","the","first","extraterrestrial","child","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Throughout history, the birth of the first child was celebrated as a moment where the seed of a colony finally and irreversibly took root.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":136,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Throughout","history",",","the","birth","of","the","first","child","was","celebrated","as","a","moment","where","the","seed","of","a","colony","finally","and","irreversibly","took","root","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"Once this transition happens, the colony grows rapidly, building more habitats and schools and farms and all the things needed to support the growing population.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":159,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":26,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Once","this","transition","happens",",","the","colony","grows","rapidly",",","building","more","habitats","and","schools","and","farms","and","all","the","things","needed","to","support","the","growing","population","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"They might find ways to recycle and reuse 100% of their waste, technologies that are extremely valuable for Earth.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","might","find","ways","to","recycle","and","reuse","100","%","of","their","waste",",","technologies","that","are","extremely","valuable","for","Earth","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"The moon may become a hub for economic activity on a scale that's hard to imagine right now.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","moon","may","become","a","hub","for","economic","activity","on","a","scale","that","'s","hard","to","imagine","right","now","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's hard to say who will own the colony at this point.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","hard","to","say","who","will","own","the","colony","at","this","point","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Will the first person born on the moon take the national identity of their parents, or will a new generation melt together into a new lunar society?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":147,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":87,"token_end":27,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Will","the","first","person","born","on","the","moon","take","the","national","identity","of","their","parents",",","or","will","a","new","generation","melt","together","into","a","new","lunar","society","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And when existing treaties that bar any nation from owning the moon are inevitably rewritten, will the colonists be given a say?","spans":[{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":14,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":94,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":112,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":18,"token_start":17},{"end":115,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":113,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":121,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":116,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":127,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":122,"token_end":22,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["And","when","existing","treaties","that","bar","any","nation","from","owning","the","moon","are","inevitably","rewritten",",","will","the","colonists","be","given","a","say","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,15,1,2,15,29,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Will they declare independence from the Earth?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Will","they","declare","independence","from","the","Earth","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"However it happens, the moon is a perfect sandbox to learn how to colonize the solar system, the perfect project to unify nations,","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":128,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["However","it","happens",",","the","moon","is","a","perfect","sandbox","to","learn","how","to","colonize","the","solar","system",",","the","perfect","project","to","unify","nations",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If we ever want to colonize the Milky Way, we'll have to start somewhere.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","we","ever","want","to","colonize","the","Milky","Way",",","we","'ll","have","to","start","somewhere","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,17,18,19,13,0]}
{"text":"While unfortunately you can't jump on a spacecraft and go to the moon right now, you can learn more interesting things about space and our universe.","spans":[{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":93,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":89,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":146,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":27,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["While","unfortunately","you","ca","n't","jump","on","a","spacecraft","and","go","to","the","moon","right","now",",","you","can","learn","more","interesting","things","about","space","and","our","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And we can even help you with that.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","we","can","even","help","you","with","that","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,19,5,33,34,0]}
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{"text":"Kurzgesagt has worked with Brilliant for a while now, and we love what they're doing.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":84,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Kurzgesagt","has","worked","with","Brilliant","for","a","while","now",",","and","we","love","what","they","'re","doing","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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{"text":"Humans have existed for millions of years as part of nature.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Humans","have","existed","for","millions","of","years","as","part","of","nature","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But then, something changed, and in an incredibly short amount of time,","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","then",",","something","changed",",","and","in","an","incredibly","short","amount","of","time",","],"tags":[0,13,0,1,23,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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{"text":"As far as we know, we're the first beings to awaken and completely take over a planet.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["As","far","as","we","know",",","we","'re","the","first","beings","to","awaken","and","completely","take","over","a","planet","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The transition from hunting and gathering to farming and building was so breathtakingly fast","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","transition","from","hunting","and","gathering","to","farming","and","building","was","so","breathtakingly","fast"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12]}
{"text":"that many of our ways of thinking about the world are no longer useful.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["that","many","of","our","ways","of","thinking","about","the","world","are","no","longer","useful","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,14,11,0]}
{"text":"One of our most outdated ideas is that the most commonly used calendar in the world","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["One","of","our","most","outdated","ideas","is","that","the","most","commonly","used","calendar","in","the","world"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12]}
{"text":"This distorts our view of our own history and makes it harder to understand who we are as a species,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","distorts","our","view","of","our","own","history","and","makes","it","harder","to","understand","who","we","are","as","a","species",","],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"and just how far we've come in an incredibly short amount of time.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["and","just","how","far","we","'ve","come","in","an","incredibly","short","amount","of","time","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, maybe it's time to choose a year zero for humanity.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So",",","maybe","it","'s","time","to","choose","a","year","zero","for","humanity","."],"tags":[0,0,13,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"12,000 years ago, hundreds of humans came together in the hills of southern Anatolia.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["12,000","years","ago",",","hundreds","of","humans","came","together","in","the","hills","of","southern","Anatolia","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They were hunters and gatherers without knowledge of agriculture or metalworking.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","were","hunters","and","gatherers","without","knowledge","of","agriculture","or","metalworking","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"All they had were tools made of stone and wood.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["All","they","had","were","tools","made","of","stone","and","wood","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But they built humanity's first big construction project,","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","they","built","humanity","'s","first","big","construction","project",","],"tags":[0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"7,000 years before the pyramids were built in Egypt.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["7,000","years","before","the","pyramids","were","built","in","Egypt","."],"tags":[13,14,14,1,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Spread over 300 meters, our ancestors erected circles of massive stone pillars,","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Spread","over","300","meters",",","our","ancestors","erected","circles","of","massive","stone","pillars",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We have no idea how they were able to do this.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","have","no","idea","how","they","were","able","to","do","this","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"It was probably a project of epic scale for the Stone Age,","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","was","probably","a","project","of","epic","scale","for","the","Stone","Age",","],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, why did they build it?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So",",","why","did","they","build","it","?"],"tags":[0,0,13,15,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"The most popular theory is that this was the first temple of humanity,","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","most","popular","theory","is","that","this","was","the","first","temple","of","humanity",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We only know that this construction project, the first of its kind, marks the beginning of a new era.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","only","know","that","this","construction","project",",","the","first","of","its","kind",",","marks","the","beginning","of","a","new","era","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's in this area, around that time, that humans truly began to build their own world,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":85,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","'s","in","this","area",",","around","that","time",",","that","humans","truly","began","to","build","their","own","world",","],"tags":[3,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"This moment in time is so distinct that scientist Cesare Emiliani","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","moment","in","time","is","so","distinct","that","scientist","Cesare","Emiliani"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12]}
{"text":"We don't need to change our well-established days and months,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","need","to","change","our","well","-","established","days","and","months",","],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"and religious calendars could stay the same as well.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["and","religious","calendars","could","stay","the","same","as","well","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,21,11,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But for all official purposes, our current year would be the year 12,016 of the Human Era.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","for","all","official","purposes",",","our","current","year","would","be","the","year","12,016","of","the","Human","Era","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This would drastically alter how we think about history and how it feels.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","would","drastically","alter","how","we","think","about","history","and","how","it","feels","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's take a very brief look and move through our new history from our new year zero.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":84,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","take","a","very","brief","look","and","move","through","our","new","history","from","our","new","year","zero","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"It would be in use for about 2,000 years.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","would","be","in","use","for","about","2,000","years","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It took nearly a millennium until Jericho, probably the first city on Earth,","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","took","nearly","a","millennium","until","Jericho",",","probably","the","first","city","on","Earth",","],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Progress was still very, very slow at this point.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Progress","was","still","very",",","very","slow","at","this","point","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Over the next thousand years, more and more permanent settlements appeared around the world,","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":66,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Over","the","next","thousand","years",",","more","and","more","permanent","settlements","appeared","around","the","world",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And more and more plants and animals were domesticated as agriculture spread.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","more","and","more","plants","and","animals","were","domesticated","as","agriculture","spread","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Evidence for trade over thousands of kilometers has been found from this period.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Evidence","for","trade","over","thousands","of","kilometers","has","been","found","from","this","period","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Around 5 million humans were alive at this point in history, fewer than live in London today.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Around","5","million","humans","were","alive","at","this","point","in","history",",","fewer","than","live","in","London","today","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Technology advanced constantly at a slow pace.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Technology","advanced","constantly","at","a","slow","pace","."],"tags":[1,23,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Pottery became widespread.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Pottery","became","widespread","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The first cultural communities appeared in China, India, and the Fertile Crescent.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","first","cultural","communities","appeared","in","China",",","India",",","and","the","Fertile","Crescent","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Around the year 4,000, 8,000 years ago from today, humans started to use metal for the first time,","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Around","the","year","4,000",",","8,000","years","ago","from","today",",","humans","started","to","use","metal","for","the","first","time",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The first proto-writing emerged, and the wheel was invented.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","first","proto","-","writing","emerged",",","and","the","wheel","was","invented","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In South America, the Chinchorro culture started to artificially mummify humans 2,000 years earlier than in ancient Egypt.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":121,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","South","America",",","the","Chinchorro","culture","started","to","artificially","mummify","humans","2,000","years","earlier","than","in","ancient","Egypt","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The first high cultures began emerging around the year 7,000.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","first","high","cultures","began","emerging","around","the","year","7,000","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Stonehenge was built in Britain, and the First Dynasty in China began.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Stonehenge","was","built","in","Britain",",","and","the","First","Dynasty","in","China","began","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"\u00d6tzi the Iceman lived around this time.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["\u00d6tzi","the","Iceman","lived","around","this","time","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What we consider history now started, and things began picking up pace as the world population rose to over 30 million.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["What","we","consider","history","now","started",",","and","things","began","picking","up","pace","as","the","world","population","rose","to","over","30","million","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,13,23,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A number of new high cultures appeared around the world, many writing down their legends.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","number","of","new","high","cultures","appeared","around","the","world",",","many","writing","down","their","legends","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"More and more cities were founded.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["More","and","more","cities","were","founded","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"In South America, the Olmec culture emerged.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","South","America",",","the","Olmec","culture","emerged","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,0]}
{"text":"Around this time, the legendary Siege of Troy is supposed to have happened.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Around","this","time",",","the","legendary","Siege","of","Troy","is","supposed","to","have","happened","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,17,18,18,15,29,0]}
{"text":"Soon after, in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Fertile Crescent, the Bronze Age ended in violence.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Soon","after",",","in","the","Eastern","Mediterranean","and","the","Fertile","Crescent",",","the","Bronze","Age","ended","in","violence","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Every Bronze Age culture, except Egypt, was destroyed by mysterious invaders,","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Every","Bronze","Age","culture",",","except","Egypt",",","was","destroyed","by","mysterious","invaders",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,0,13,14,0,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Around the year 9,500, what we consider Western culture began.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Around","the","year","9,500",",","what","we","consider","Western","culture","began","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,23,0]}
{"text":"The Greek city-states beat off the Persian invasion and triggered their Golden Era,","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","Greek","city","-","states","beat","off","the","Persian","invasion","and","triggered","their","Golden","Era",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"100 years later, Rome destroyed Carthage and became a dominant force in the world.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["100","years","later",",","Rome","destroyed","Carthage","and","became","a","dominant","force","in","the","world","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,23,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Caesar was murdered in the year 9,956, while the world population had risen to about 300 million people.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Caesar","was","murdered","in","the","year","9,956",",","while","the","world","population","had","risen","to","about","300","million","people","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And it's only now, around the year 10,000, that we've reached the point where the Gregorian calendar","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":100,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","it","'s","only","now",",","around","the","year","10,000",",","that","we","'ve","reached","the","point","where","the","Gregorian","calendar"],"tags":[0,3,21,11,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2]}
{"text":"and our current method of marking human history begins.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["and","our","current","method","of","marking","human","history","begins","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,0]}
{"text":"A mere 2,000 years from now, humans will walk on the moon.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["A","mere","2,000","years","from","now",",","humans","will","walk","on","the","moon","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If we think about history as we do now, we are underplaying 10,000 years of human progress and development.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","we","think","about","history","as","we","do","now",",","we","are","underplaying","10,000","years","of","human","progress","and","development","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Including all of it in our calendar makes our past more impressive.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Including","all","of","it","in","our","calendar","makes","our","past","more","impressive","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,33,34,0]}
{"text":"It shows how progress became exponential with time, and it incorporates all humans from all cultures into our calendar.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","shows","how","progress","became","exponential","with","time",",","and","it","incorporates","all","humans","from","all","cultures","into","our","calendar","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A new year zero for our history could reframe how we think of ourselves.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["A","new","year","zero","for","our","history","could","reframe","how","we","think","of","ourselves","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"our ancestors came together to carve a temple out of bedrock with tools made of stone.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["our","ancestors","came","together","to","carve","a","temple","out","of","bedrock","with","tools","made","of","stone","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We've made a kurzgesagt version of the human era calendar that you can buy here if you want.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'ve","made","a","kurzgesagt","version","of","the","human","era","calendar","that","you","can","buy","here","if","you","want","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's a calendar for 2017, but with one important difference.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","calendar","for","2017",",","but","with","one","important","difference","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's for the year 12,017. The year we think we should be in right now.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","for","the","year","12,017",".","The","year","we","think","we","should","be","in","right","now","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There are only a very limited amount available, but if we sell enough of them,","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","only","a","very","limited","amount","available",",","but","if","we","sell","enough","of","them",","],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"we'll make this a regular thing and maybe produce more print products in the future.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["we","'ll","make","this","a","regular","thing","and","maybe","produce","more","print","products","in","the","future","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,33,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The calendar is illustrated and we put in a few fun facts.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","calendar","is","illustrated","and","we","put","in","a","few","fun","facts","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Also, as always, if you like what we do, please consider supporting us on Patreon or buying things we made.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Also",",","as","always",",","if","you","like","what","we","do",",","please","consider","supporting","us","on","Patreon","or","buying","things","we","made","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It really helps.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","really","helps","."],"tags":[1,13,25,0]}
{"text":"In 2023, Kurzgesagt has existed for 10 years.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","2023",",","Kurzgesagt","has","existed","for","10","years","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We're among the largest science-y channels on YouTube, and still a bit of a black box to people.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","'re","among","the","largest","science","-","y","channels","on","YouTube",",","and","still","a","bit","of","a","black","box","to","people","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So let's talk about ourselves a bit in three parts.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","let","'s","talk","about","ourselves","a","bit","in","three","parts","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Let's jump back to a more innocent time.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","jump","back","to","a","more","innocent","time","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Kurzgesagt's foundation was laid when Philipp, our founder, dropped out of high school as a teenager.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Kurzgesagt","'s","foundation","was","laid","when","Philipp",",","our","founder",",","dropped","out","of","high","school","as","a","teenager","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Learning seemed daft and useless, and he wasn't interested in anything.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Learning","seemed","daft","and","useless",",","and","he","was","n't","interested","in","anything","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Until a very special teacher at a school for dropouts grabbed him by the neck.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Until","a","very","special","teacher","at","a","school","for","dropouts","grabbed","him","by","the","neck","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The way she taught was different.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","way","she","taught","was","different","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
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{"text":"For the first time ever, Philipp wanted to learn more without being forced.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","the","first","time","ever",",","Philipp","wanted","to","learn","more","without","being","forced","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It was a key life experience.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","was","a","key","life","experience","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Kurzgesagt tries to recreate this experience for you.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Kurzgesagt","tries","to","recreate","this","experience","for","you","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Nothing is boring if you tell a good story, and we try to tell these stories to spark excitement and make you want to go on and learn more.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":138,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":29,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Nothing","is","boring","if","you","tell","a","good","story",",","and","we","try","to","tell","these","stories","to","spark","excitement","and","make","you","want","to","go","on","and","learn","more","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Because of the one teacher that could do this, Philipp got a high school degree, studied history and design,","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Because","of","the","one","teacher","that","could","do","this",",","Philipp","got","a","high","school","degree",",","studied","history","and","design",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In 2012, YouTube was less commercial and more idealistic.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","2012",",","YouTube","was","less","commercial","and","more","idealistic","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You couldn't make a living with videos as involved as ours, and that was fine.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["You","could","n't","make","a","living","with","videos","as","involved","as","ours",",","and","that","was","fine","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The goal was creative freedom, and so for the first few years, it actually cost money to make Kurzgesagt.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","goal","was","creative","freedom",",","and","so","for","the","first","few","years",",","it","actually","cost","money","to","make","Kurzgesagt","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We had no outside funding, just intrinsic motivation and a few friends from university.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","had","no","outside","funding",",","just","intrinsic","motivation","and","a","few","friends","from","university","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We worked for clients during the day and on Kurzgesagt at night, 80 to 100 hours a week.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["We","worked","for","clients","during","the","day","and","on","Kurzgesagt","at","night",",","80","to","100","hours","a","week","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It was a real struggle, but also very rewarding.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","was","a","real","struggle",",","but","also","very","rewarding","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But then Patreon launched, sponsorships started, our views increased, YouTube changed.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","then","Patreon","launched",",","sponsorships","started",",","our","views","increased",",","YouTube","changed","."],"tags":[0,13,1,23,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In 2015, the channel began to break even and then to earn a profit.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","2015",",","the","channel","began","to","break","even","and","then","to","earn","a","profit","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But we were pretty burned out at this point, so we decided to bring in more friends and hire the first team members full-time, creating a legal entity.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":150,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":31,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","we","were","pretty","burned","out","at","this","point",",","so","we","decided","to","bring","in","more","friends","and","hire","the","first","team","members","full","-","time",",","creating","a","legal","entity","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"More people meant that we could stop overworking, do more and improve.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["More","people","meant","that","we","could","stop","overworking",",","do","more","and","improve","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"We need computers, monitors, tablets, desks, coffee, contracts, pay licenses, taxes, rent and insurance.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","computers",",","monitors",",","tablets",",","desks",",","coffee",",","contracts",",","pay","licenses",",","taxes",",","rent","and","insurance","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In 2023, our team consists of over 60 employees and a lot of freelancers around the world.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","2023",",","our","team","consists","of","over","60","employees","and","a","lot","of","freelancers","around","the","world","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Salaries alone cost millions of dollars a year just to stay around.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Salaries","alone","cost","millions","of","dollars","a","year","just","to","stay","around","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This creates an interesting problem.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","creates","an","interesting","problem","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"With such high production costs, how can we publish our work for free?","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["With","such","high","production","costs",",","how","can","we","publish","our","work","for","free","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,19,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"How we finance Kurzgesagt?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["How","we","finance","Kurzgesagt","?"],"tags":[13,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"We've added up our earnings from 2015 through 2022.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","'ve","added","up","our","earnings","from","2015","through","2022","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our sources of funding change depending on opportunities and the state of the world.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Our","sources","of","funding","change","depending","on","opportunities","and","the","state","of","the","world","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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{"text":"Ad revenue varies.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Ad","revenue","varies","."],"tags":[1,2,25,0]}
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{"text":"The shop didn't exist for a long time, then it became pretty big after we launched our calendar.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","shop","did","n't","exist","for","a","long","time",",","then","it","became","pretty","big","after","we","launched","our","calendar","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"62% of our revenue comes indirectly or directly from you.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["62","%","of","our","revenue","comes","indirectly","or","directly","from","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"You watch our videos with ads, support us on Patreon or buy from our shop.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["You","watch","our","videos","with","ads",",","support","us","on","Patreon","or","buy","from","our","shop","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The single biggest source of income by far is our shop, that alone accounted for 40% over the last 8 years.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","single","biggest","source","of","income","by","far","is","our","shop",",","that","alone","accounted","for","40","%","over","the","last","8","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,13,14,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"YouTube ads accounted for 13% and Patreon 9%.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["YouTube","ads","accounted","for","13","%","and","Patreon","9","%","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So, without your support, we would cease to exist.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So",",","without","your","support",",","we","would","cease","to","exist","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Our shop and Patreon are our most important sources of revenue and because we see ourselves as science communicators, we don't just do merch,","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":140,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Our","shop","and","Patreon","are","our","most","important","sources","of","revenue","and","because","we","see","ourselves","as","science","communicators",",","we","do","n't","just","do","merch",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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{"text":"It also just feels good to get directly funded by you guys and give you something back for it on top of our videos.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":114,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":23,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","also","just","feels","good","to","get","directly","funded","by","you","guys","and","give","you","something","back","for","it","on","top","of","our","videos","."],"tags":[3,13,13,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"YouTube ads are a crucial part of our funding as well, but they are not within our control.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["YouTube","ads","are","a","crucial","part","of","our","funding","as","well",",","but","they","are","not","within","our","control","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Then there's paid agency work, which we stopped doing in 2022.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Then","there","'s","paid","agency","work",",","which","we","stopped","doing","in","2022","."],"tags":[13,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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{"text":"We also got about 7% from German public broadcasting for the German channel, but ended this partnership in 2022.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["We","also","got","about","7","%","from","German","public","broadcasting","for","the","German","channel",",","but","ended","this","partnership","in","2022","."],"tags":[1,13,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Finally, there are institutional sponsors representing about 10%.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Finally",",","there","are","institutional","sponsors","representing","about","10","%","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Some people take issue with this, especially Bill Gates has come under public scrutiny and we've been criticized for even working with organizations funded by him.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":14,"token_start":7},{"end":162,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":91,"token_end":27,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Some","people","take","issue","with","this",",","especially","Bill","Gates","has","come","under","public","scrutiny","and","we","'ve","been","criticized","for","even","working","with","organizations","funded","by","him","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So let's look at this 10% in more detail.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","let","'s","look","at","this","10","%","in","more","detail","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"About 3% of our revenue over the last 8 years came from the Gates organizations for a wide variety of topics, often suggested by us.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":26,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["About","3","%","of","our","revenue","over","the","last","8","years","came","from","the","Gates","organizations","for","a","wide","variety","of","topics",",","often","suggested","by","us","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"5% comes from open philanthropy and is only used for specific projects.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["5","%","comes","from","open","philanthropy","and","is","only","used","for","specific","projects","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"With these funds, we've started Arabic, Hindi, Korean, Japanese, Portuguese and French channels, bringing more free science content to more people.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":18,"token_start":7},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":27,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["With","these","funds",",","we","'ve","started","Arabic",",","Hindi",",","Korean",",","Japanese",",","Portuguese","and","French","channels",",","bringing","more","free","science","content","to","more","people","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Then there's a 2-year funding for original TikTok content, which gives us freedom to explore and learn how to do short-form science communication.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":145,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":28,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Then","there","'s","a","2","-","year","funding","for","original","TikTok","content",",","which","gives","us","freedom","to","explore","and","learn","how","to","do","short","-","form","science","communication","."],"tags":[13,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The final 2% came from other organizations like the Red Cross or the UN, for example.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":14,"token_start":5},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["The","final","2","%","came","from","other","organizations","like","the","Red","Cross","or","the","UN",",","for","example","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,0]}
{"text":"We choose institutional sponsors carefully, but if organizations want to fund videos that help us spread quality information about relevant topics,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":146,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","choose","institutional","sponsors","carefully",",","but","if","organizations","want","to","fund","videos","that","help","us","spread","quality","information","about","relevant","topics",","],"tags":[1,19,5,6,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"this is an easy yes for us, if we have the capacity for it.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["this","is","an","easy","yes","for","us",",","if","we","have","the","capacity","for","it","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"On top of that, the institutional sponsors we're working with align with our values.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["On","top","of","that",",","the","institutional","sponsors","we","'re","working","with","align","with","our","values","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We have contracts with every grant giver or sponsor that bars them from editorial influence, other than suggesting topic areas like global health or climate change.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":162,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":26,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","contracts","with","every","grant","giver","or","sponsor","that","bars","them","from","editorial","influence",",","other","than","suggesting","topic","areas","like","global","health","or","climate","change","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We agree on video topics together, but sponsors can neither influence details nor our conclusions.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","agree","on","video","topics","together",",","but","sponsors","can","neither","influence","details","nor","our","conclusions","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The final decision always remains with us.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","final","decision","always","remains","with","us","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,25,13,14,0]}
{"text":"And usually we develop the topics of the videos autonomously and tell the sponsor what we're doing afterwards.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","usually","we","develop","the","topics","of","the","videos","autonomously","and","tell","the","sponsor","what","we","'re","doing","afterwards","."],"tags":[0,13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you're interested in how we research our videos in detail, our head of research wrote an article about it.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":83,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":21,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","interested","in","how","we","research","our","videos","in","detail",",","our","head","of","research","wrote","an","article","about","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Running an educational YouTube channel is a balancing act that we take very seriously.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Running","an","educational","YouTube","channel","is","a","balancing","act","that","we","take","very","seriously","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We're doing our best to maintain this balance, adjusting whenever necessary.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","'re","doing","our","best","to","maintain","this","balance",",","adjusting","whenever","necessary","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,6,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"As a team and a company, we want to grow to give more people access to a science-based outlook on the world.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["As","a","team","and","a","company",",","we","want","to","grow","to","give","more","people","access","to","a","science","-","based","outlook","on","the","world","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This brings us to our final topic.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","brings","us","to","our","final","topic","."],"tags":[1,25,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Why are we doing Kurzgesagt?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Why","are","we","doing","Kurzgesagt","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,27,5,0]}
{"text":"Our core mission is to spark curiosity.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Our","core","mission","is","to","spark","curiosity","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We want to make science and humanism accessible for as many people as possible.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","want","to","make","science","and","humanism","accessible","for","as","many","people","as","possible","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The effort we put into creating our videos is a way of achieving that.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","effort","we","put","into","creating","our","videos","is","a","way","of","achieving","that","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Our videos are beautiful because that helps to spark curiosity, to understand complex topics, and because it just feels good to create and watch.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":143,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":25,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Our","videos","are","beautiful","because","that","helps","to","spark","curiosity",",","to","understand","complex","topics",",","and","because","it","just","feels","good","to","create","and","watch","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our research is as intensive as it is, so our videos are a good simplification of very complicated topics.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Our","research","is","as","intensive","as","it","is",",","so","our","videos","are","a","good","simplification","of","very","complicated","topics","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We want to make people excited about science, so they rediscover subjects they hated in school and see how amazing they are.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","want","to","make","people","excited","about","science",",","so","they","rediscover","subjects","they","hated","in","school","and","see","how","amazing","they","are","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"On top of curiosity, we want to inspire long-term thinking and a positive, constructive outlook.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","top","of","curiosity",",","we","want","to","inspire","long","-","term","thinking","and","a","positive",",","constructive","outlook","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Being optimistic about the future of humanity is not mainstream, and we think this is horrible.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Being","optimistic","about","the","future","of","humanity","is","not","mainstream",",","and","we","think","this","is","horrible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Pessimism often sounds smart and gets more views, while optimism can sound naive.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Pessimism","often","sounds","smart","and","gets","more","views",",","while","optimism","can","sound","naive","."],"tags":[1,13,21,11,0,41,42,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"But this is a bias that's not helpful for us as a species.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","this","is","a","bias","that","'s","not","helpful","for","us","as","a","species","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So, despite the gloominess of many topics, we want to approach them with informed and well-researched optimism.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So",",","despite","the","gloominess","of","many","topics",",","we","want","to","approach","them","with","informed","and","well","-","researched","optimism","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We want to inspire you to dream a little about the glorious future that we could actually build, but only if we believe it's possible.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":26,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","want","to","inspire","you","to","dream","a","little","about","the","glorious","future","that","we","could","actually","build",",","but","only","if","we","believe","it","'s","possible","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In the long run, we don't only want to do this on YouTube.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","the","long","run",",","we","do","n't","only","want","to","do","this","on","YouTube","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The idea is for Kurzgesagt to be a positive influence across more media.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","idea","is","for","Kurzgesagt","to","be","a","positive","influence","across","more","media","."],"tags":[1,2,25,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Our shop is a central part of this vision.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Our","shop","is","a","central","part","of","this","vision","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We start our stories with a video and end them with a poster.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","start","our","stories","with","a","video","and","end","them","with","a","poster","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"There are so many things we want to do, and thanks to you watching this right now, we have the freedom to work to the best of our knowledge and ability.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":151,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":32,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["There","are","so","many","things","we","want","to","do",",","and","thanks","to","you","watching","this","right","now",",","we","have","the","freedom","to","work","to","the","best","of","our","knowledge","and","ability","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In the end, we hope you like what we offer, and that we'll be doing something worthwhile for as long as we exist.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":25,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","we","hope","you","like","what","we","offer",",","and","that","we","'ll","be","doing","something","worthwhile","for","as","long","as","we","exist","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And hopefully, we'll have a lasting impact by making science and learning more fun for as many people as possible.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","hopefully",",","we","'ll","have","a","lasting","impact","by","making","science","and","learning","more","fun","for","as","many","people","as","possible","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you personally want to help us do this, you can watch and share our videos, check out our shop, become a Patreon, or give us an Adblocker exception.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":21,"token_start":18},{"end":115,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":99,"token_end":25,"token_start":23},{"end":150,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":120,"token_end":32,"token_start":28}],"tokens":["If","you","personally","want","to","help","us","do","this",",","you","can","watch","and","share","our","videos",",","check","out","our","shop",",","become","a","Patreon",",","or","give","us","an","Adblocker","exception","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,0,41,42,42,0,41,42,42,42,0,41,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We exist because of you, and you have no idea how much we appreciate that you're here.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","exist","because","of","you",",","and","you","have","no","idea","how","much","we","appreciate","that","you","'re","here","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And hopefully, we're less of a black box now.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","hopefully",",","we","'re","less","of","a","black","box","now","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,0]}
{"text":"In any case, doing Kotzgesamt for a decade has been a pretty crazy ride.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","any","case",",","doing","Kotzgesamt","for","a","decade","has","been","a","pretty","crazy","ride","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And so, from the whole team, thank you so much for being with us all these years.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","so",",","from","the","whole","team",",","thank","you","so","much","for","being","with","us","all","these","years","."],"tags":[0,0,0,13,14,14,14,0,19,5,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Human history is told by the energy we use.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Human","history","is","told","by","the","energy","we","use","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At first we had to use our muscles, then we learned to control fire.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["At","first","we","had","to","use","our","muscles",",","then","we","learned","to","control","fire","."],"tags":[13,14,1,17,18,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"We industrialized the world using coal and oil, and entered the atomic age when we learned how to split a nucleus.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":21,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","industrialized","the","world","using","coal","and","oil",",","and","entered","the","atomic","age","when","we","learned","how","to","split","a","nucleus","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"At each step we increased our energy harvest to a scale never seen before, and advanced as a species.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["At","each","step","we","increased","our","energy","harvest","to","a","scale","never","seen","before",",","and","advanced","as","a","species","."],"tags":[13,14,14,1,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Currently, we're slowly transitioning to renewables, and if we're lucky, fusion energy will become viable in the future.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Currently",",","we","'re","slowly","transitioning","to","renewables",",","and","if","we","'re","lucky",",","fusion","energy","will","become","viable","in","the","future","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,13,27,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As humanity progresses further, if we don't destroy ourselves or our habitat, we will likely gain complete control of our planet's resources.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":13,"token_start":5},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":96,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":93,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":139,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":25,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["As","humanity","progresses","further",",","if","we","do","n't","destroy","ourselves","or","our","habitat",",","we","will","likely","gain","complete","control","of","our","planet","'s","resources","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"At that stage, we'll probably begin to look outwards for new places to expand into.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["At","that","stage",",","we","'ll","probably","begin","to","look","outwards","for","new","places","to","expand","into","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But space is hard, and establishing a serious human presence in the solar system will require ungodly amounts of energy.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","space","is","hard",",","and","establishing","a","serious","human","presence","in","the","solar","system","will","require","ungodly","amounts","of","energy","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Luckily, we know where to find it.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Luckily",",","we","know","where","to","find","it","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It shines with the energy of a trillion nuclear bombs per second.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","shines","with","the","energy","of","a","trillion","nuclear","bombs","per","second","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So how do we get this energy?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","how","do","we","get","this","energy","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"If we want to collect the most energy physically possible, we'll have to build the largest, most ambitious structure in the universe.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":71,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":73,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":131,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":24,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","we","want","to","collect","the","most","energy","physically","possible",",","we","'ll","have","to","build","the","largest",",","most","ambitious","structure","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For an intelligent species, building a Dyson Sphere is a technological leap on a par with the discovery of fire for our ancestors.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":128,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":23,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["For","an","intelligent","species",",","building","a","Dyson","Sphere","is","a","technological","leap","on","a","par","with","the","discovery","of","fire","for","our","ancestors","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It would usher in an age of exploration and expansion on a scale we can barely imagine.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","would","usher","in","an","age","of","exploration","and","expansion","on","a","scale","we","can","barely","imagine","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So, what would it look like?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So",",","what","would","it","look","like","?"],"tags":[0,0,11,15,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"A solid shell enveloping the sun is probably not the way to go.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["A","solid","shell","enveloping","the","sun","is","probably","not","the","way","to","go","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,37,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A large, rigid body like that would be vulnerable to impacts, possibly shattering.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["A","large",",","rigid","body","like","that","would","be","vulnerable","to","impacts",",","possibly","shattering","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,0]}
{"text":"It would be liable to drift and could crash straight into the sun.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","would","be","liable","to","drift","and","could","crash","straight","into","the","sun","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A more viable design for a Dyson Sphere might be a Dyson Swarm.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["A","more","viable","design","for","a","Dyson","Sphere","might","be","a","Dyson","Swarm","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Such a swarm would give humanity basically unlimited energy.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Such","a","swarm","would","give","humanity","basically","unlimited","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,9,7,8,8,0]}
{"text":"But building it won't be easy.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","building","it","wo","n't","be","easy","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,37,21,11,0]}
{"text":"The sun is very big, so we need a lot of satellites.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","sun","is","very","big",",","so","we","need","a","lot","of","satellites","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If each satellite is a square kilometre, we'd need around 30 quadrillion to surround the sun.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","each","satellite","is","a","square","kilometre",",","we","'d","need","around","30","quadrillion","to","surround","the","sun","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even if they're built as lightly as possible, we need about 100 quintillion tonnes of material.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Even","if","they","'re","built","as","lightly","as","possible",",","we","need","about","100","quintillion","tonnes","of","material","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And then we need the energy to actually put the parts together and deliver them to their positions around the sun.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":113,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","then","we","need","the","energy","to","actually","put","the","parts","together","and","deliver","them","to","their","positions","around","the","sun","."],"tags":[0,13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"On top of all that, we need to have a permanent infrastructure set up in space to start building.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["On","top","of","all","that",",","we","need","to","have","a","permanent","infrastructure","set","up","in","space","to","start","building","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's assume for the purposes of this video that our descendants will take care of that and want to create the megastructure.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":124,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","assume","for","the","purposes","of","this","video","that","our","descendants","will","take","care","of","that","and","want","to","create","the","megastructure","."],"tags":[15,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"We can sort the challenges into three main categories.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","can","sort","the","challenges","into","three","main","categories","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To get the vast amounts of raw materials required for our Dyson Swarm, we'll have to largely disassemble a whole planet.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":83,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":103,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":93,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":22,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["To","get","the","vast","amounts","of","raw","materials","required","for","our","Dyson","Swarm",",","we","'ll","have","to","largely","disassemble","a","whole","planet","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,17,18,13,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Of the planets available, Mercury is the best candidate.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Of","the","planets","available",",","Mercury","is","the","best","candidate","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's the closest to the sun and very metal-rich.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","the","closest","to","the","sun","and","very","metal","-","rich","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Close to the sun also means less moving stuff around.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Close","to","the","sun","also","means","less","moving","stuff","around","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And Mercury has no atmosphere and only about a third of the surface gravity of Earth, making it comparatively easy to launch material into space.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":15,"token_start":3},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["And","Mercury","has","no","atmosphere","and","only","about","a","third","of","the","surface","gravity","of","Earth",",","making","it","comparatively","easy","to","launch","material","into","space","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Next, we should consider the design of our swarm.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Next",",","we","should","consider","the","design","of","our","swarm","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Simpler is better.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Simpler","is","better","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Conventional solar panels are far too intricate and short-lived.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Conventional","solar","panels","are","far","too","intricate","and","short","-","lived","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Our satellites need to operate without repairs or intervention for astronomically long times, and they need to be cheap to produce.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":12,"token_start":3},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":98,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Our","satellites","need","to","operate","without","repairs","or","intervention","for","astronomically","long","times",",","and","they","need","to","be","cheap","to","produce","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They're most likely going to be enormous mirrors, which refocus sunlight to central collecting stations like in concentrated solar power on Earth.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":145,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":23,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["They","'re","most","likely","going","to","be","enormous","mirrors",",","which","refocus","sunlight","to","central","collecting","stations","like","in","concentrated","solar","power","on","Earth","."],"tags":[1,17,13,14,17,18,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"To build and launch them efficiently, they must be incredibly light, made of little more than polished metal foil bound to some supports.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":135,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["To","build","and","launch","them","efficiently",",","they","must","be","incredibly","light",",","made","of","little","more","than","polished","metal","foil","bound","to","some","supports","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And last, we need the energy to build and launch the swarm itself.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","last",",","we","need","the","energy","to","build","and","launch","the","swarm","itself","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Taking apart a planet and launching things into space requires an enormous amount of energy.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Taking","apart","a","planet","and","launching","things","into","space","requires","an","enormous","amount","of","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"we could only launch as much mass as Mount Everest into space.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["we","could","only","launch","as","much","mass","as","Mount","Everest","into","space","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"To get the energy needed to build a Dyson sphere, it's almost as if you're going to need the power output of a Dyson sphere.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":123,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":27,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["To","get","the","energy","needed","to","build","a","Dyson","sphere",",","it","'s","almost","as","if","you","'re","going","to","need","the","power","output","of","a","Dyson","sphere","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But that's okay.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","that","'s","okay","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"There's plenty of sunlight to be had on Mercury, so let's get to work.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["There","'s","plenty","of","sunlight","to","be","had","on","Mercury",",","so","let","'s","get","to","work","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Humans are expensive to keep alive and are very sensitive to the environment, so we'd want to automate as much as possible.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Humans","are","expensive","to","keep","alive","and","are","very","sensitive","to","the","environment",",","so","we","'d","want","to","automate","as","much","as","possible","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Ideally, we'd have a small crew of controllers who oversee an army of autonomous machines doing the actual work.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Ideally",",","we","'d","have","a","small","crew","of","controllers","who","oversee","an","army","of","autonomous","machines","doing","the","actual","work","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There are four major pieces of technology required.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","four","major","pieces","of","technology","required","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The solar collectors are going to give us the energy we need to disassemble the planet.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":86,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","solar","collectors","are","going","to","give","us","the","energy","we","need","to","disassemble","the","planet","."],"tags":[1,2,2,17,18,18,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"To start, maybe we deploy something like one square kilometer of them, either as mirrors or as traditional solar panels.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["To","start",",","maybe","we","deploy","something","like","one","square","kilometer","of","them",",","either","as","mirrors","or","as","traditional","solar","panels","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They'll provide the energy to run our miners, which strip mine the surface of the planet,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","'ll","provide","the","energy","to","run","our","miners",",","which","strip","mine","the","surface","of","the","planet",","],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To get them into space, we need a creative and efficient solution.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["To","get","them","into","space",",","we","need","a","creative","and","efficient","solution","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Rockets are too expensive and difficult to deorbit and reuse.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Rockets","are","too","expensive","and","difficult","to","deorbit","and","reuse","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Instead, we'll want to use a sort of railgun.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Instead",",","we","'ll","want","to","use","a","sort","of","railgun","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our swarm satellites will be packed tight for launch, unfurling like an enormous origami once in orbit.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Our","swarm","satellites","will","be","packed","tight","for","launch",",","unfurling","like","an","enormous","origami","once","in","orbit","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,13,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"From this point, we can take advantage of exponential growth,","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["From","this","point",",","we","can","take","advantage","of","exponential","growth",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,32,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Each panel provides the energy to build another.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Each","panel","provides","the","energy","to","build","another","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Those two work together to build the next two.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Those","two","work","together","to","build","the","next","two","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Four become eight, eight become sixteen, and so on.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Four","become","eight",",","eight","become","sixteen",",","and","so","on","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Within just about 60 doubling times, the Sun would be completely surrounded by solar panels.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Within","just","about","60","doubling","times",",","the","Sun","would","be","completely","surrounded","by","solar","panels","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,15,13,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And this can happen quickly.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","this","can","happen","quickly","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,13,0]}
{"text":"If a square kilometer of solar collectors takes a month to build, we could be done in a decade,","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","a","square","kilometer","of","solar","collectors","takes","a","month","to","build",",","we","could","be","done","in","a","decade",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even collecting 1% of the Sun's energy is an unbelievable change in our species' energy budget.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":93,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Even","collecting","1","%","of","the","Sun","'s","energy","is","an","unbelievable","change","in","our","species","'","energy","budget","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We could create the infrastructure to beam basically unlimited amounts of energy around the solar system for all sorts of projects.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":129,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","could","create","the","infrastructure","to","beam","basically","unlimited","amounts","of","energy","around","the","solar","system","for","all","sorts","of","projects","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It could be the start of an interstellar civilization.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","could","be","the","start","of","an","interstellar","civilization","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Based on physics alone, this is not just possible, but easy.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Based","on","physics","alone",",","this","is","not","just","possible",",","but","easy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's such a simple process and such a necessary step for any species to expand beyond their home planet","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["It","'s","such","a","simple","process","and","such","a","necessary","step","for","any","species","to","expand","beyond","their","home","planet"],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14]}
{"text":"that many astronomers think there are probably Dyson spheres already out there in the Milky Way.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["that","many","astronomers","think","there","are","probably","Dyson","spheres","already","out","there","in","the","Milky","Way","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We haven't spotted any yet, but they could be there.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","have","n't","spotted","any","yet",",","but","they","could","be","there","."],"tags":[1,15,37,29,5,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's far from certain that humanity will ever get to this point.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","'s","far","from","certain","that","humanity","will","ever","get","to","this","point","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Our attention is too often focused on short-term political gains and conflicts that will not matter in the long run.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":21,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Our","attention","is","too","often","focused","on","short","-","term","political","gains","and","conflicts","that","will","not","matter","in","the","long","run","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,14,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But if we survive the challenges we've set ourselves, we could potentially become the first species in the universe to create a structure with the scope of a star.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":81,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":162,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":30,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["But","if","we","survive","the","challenges","we","'ve","set","ourselves",",","we","could","potentially","become","the","first","species","in","the","universe","to","create","a","structure","with","the","scope","of","a","star","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If we do it, the only limitation left will be our own imagination.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","we","do","it",",","the","only","limitation","left","will","be","our","own","imagination","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We've just hit you with a lot of pretty wild claims and crazy concepts.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","'ve","just","hit","you","with","a","lot","of","pretty","wild","claims","and","crazy","concepts","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"you might want to hear how you can come up with something like that yourself.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["you","might","want","to","hear","how","you","can","come","up","with","something","like","that","yourself","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"It helps you understand how science works by actually using it instead of just memorizing a bunch of stuff.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","helps","you","understand","how","science","works","by","actually","using","it","instead","of","just","memorizing","a","bunch","of","stuff","."],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,34,34,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Brilliant has tons of interesting courses and puzzles on things like quantum computing, astronomy and logic, and even Dyson spheres.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":130,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Brilliant","has","tons","of","interesting","courses","and","puzzles","on","things","like","quantum","computing",",","astronomy","and","logic",",","and","even","Dyson","spheres","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you visit brilliant.org\/nutshell or click the link in the description, you can sign up for free and learn all kinds of things.","spans":[{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":102,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":99,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":103,"token_end":23,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","you","visit","brilliant.org\/nutshell","or","click","the","link","in","the","description",",","you","can","sign","up","for","free","and","learn","all","kinds","of","things","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"As a bonus for Kurzgesagt viewers, the first 688 people will also get 20% off their annual membership.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":101,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["As","a","bonus","for","Kurzgesagt","viewers",",","the","first","688","people","will","also","get","20","%","off","their","annual","membership","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"With Brilliant, you can finish each day a little bit smarter and just maybe you can help to expand the human species into the universe one day.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":142,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":27,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["With","Brilliant",",","you","can","finish","each","day","a","little","bit","smarter","and","just","maybe","you","can","help","to","expand","the","human","species","into","the","universe","one","day","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We love Dyson spheres so much that we've also made a poster about them.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","love","Dyson","spheres","so","much","that","we","'ve","also","made","a","poster","about","them","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It will look pretty on your wall, but also has some information about the concept of a Dyson sphere.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","will","look","pretty","on","your","wall",",","but","also","has","some","information","about","the","concept","of","a","Dyson","sphere","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Health is the most valuable thing we have in life, but we tend to forget that until we lose it.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Health","is","the","most","valuable","thing","we","have","in","life",",","but","we","tend","to","forget","that","until","we","lose","it","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We're living longer than ever before, which is great, but an unforeseen consequence of this is that we also spend a larger and larger portion of our lives being sick.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'re","living","longer","than","ever","before",",","which","is","great",",","but","an","unforeseen","consequence","of","this","is","that","we","also","spend","a","larger","and","larger","portion","of","our","lives","being","sick","."],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Getting old currently means spending more time in pain.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Getting","old","currently","means","spending","more","time","in","pain","."],"tags":[1,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So scientists are trying to shift the attention of the medical community from optimizing life spans to optimizing health spans,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":126,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","scientists","are","trying","to","shift","the","attention","of","the","medical","community","from","optimizing","life","spans","to","optimizing","health","spans",","],"tags":[0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To do this, we need to attack the root cause of almost all bodily defects, aging itself.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["To","do","this",",","we","need","to","attack","the","root","cause","of","almost","all","bodily","defects",",","aging","itself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Unbeknownst to most people, the science of aging has made enormous progress in the last few years, with human trials about to begin in the near future.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":13},{"end":149,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":28,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Unbeknownst","to","most","people",",","the","science","of","aging","has","made","enormous","progress","in","the","last","few","years",",","with","human","trials","about","to","begin","in","the","near","future","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's look at three examples of discoveries that might benefit people who are alive right now.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":93,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","look","at","three","examples","of","discoveries","that","might","benefit","people","who","are","alive","right","now","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Your cells have an expiration date.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Your","cells","have","an","expiration","date","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"This could be catastrophic, so to protect themselves, we have long segments of DNA called telomeres that sort of act like the stiff bits at the end of shoelaces.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":160,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":30,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","could","be","catastrophic",",","so","to","protect","themselves",",","we","have","long","segments","of","DNA","called","telomeres","that","sort","of","act","like","the","stiff","bits","at","the","end","of","shoelaces","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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{"text":"In some cells, after a number of divisions, the telomeres are gone and the cell becomes a zombie, a senescent cell.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":71,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["In","some","cells",",","after","a","number","of","divisions",",","the","telomeres","are","gone","and","the","cell","becomes","a","zombie",",","a","senescent","cell","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Senescent cells stay around and don't die.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Senescent","cells","stay","around","and","do","n't","die","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The older you get, the more of them there are inside you.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","older","you","get",",","the","more","of","them","there","are","inside","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,3,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"They harm tissue around them and are linked to many diseases that accompany old age, like diabetes and kidney failure.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":117,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","harm","tissue","around","them","and","are","linked","to","many","diseases","that","accompany","old","age",",","like","diabetes","and","kidney","failure","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Scientists genetically engineered mice so that they could destroy their senescent cells as they pleased.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":23,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Scientists","genetically","engineered","mice","so","that","they","could","destroy","their","senescent","cells","as","they","pleased","."],"tags":[1,13,23,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Older mice without senescent cells were more active, their hearts and kidneys worked better, and they were less prone to cancer.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":97,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Older","mice","without","senescent","cells","were","more","active",",","their","hearts","and","kidneys","worked","better",",","and","they","were","less","prone","to","cancer","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Overall, they lived up to 30% longer and in better health than average mice.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Overall",",","they","lived","up","to","30","%","longer","and","in","better","health","than","average","mice","."],"tags":[13,0,1,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Since we can't genetically engineer all of the cells in the human body, we need to find another way to get rid of our senescent cells.","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":75,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":27,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Since","we","ca","n't","genetically","engineer","all","of","the","cells","in","the","human","body",",","we","need","to","find","another","way","to","get","rid","of","our","senescent","cells","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But how do we kill them without harming healthy cells?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","how","do","we","kill","them","without","harming","healthy","cells","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Most cells in the body commit a programmed cell suicide when they're damaged.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Most","cells","in","the","body","commit","a","programmed","cell","suicide","when","they","'re","damaged","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It turns out that they underproduce a protein that tells them when it's time to die.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","turns","out","that","they","underproduce","a","protein","that","tells","them","when","it","'s","time","to","die","."],"tags":[3,31,32,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"So, in a late 2016 study, mice were given an injection of this protein.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So",",","in","a","late","2016","study",",","mice","were","given","an","injection","of","this","protein","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"It killed 80% of all their senescent cells while causing almost no harm to healthy cells.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","killed","80","%","of","all","their","senescent","cells","while","causing","almost","no","harm","to","healthy","cells","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The treated mice became generally healthier and even re-grew lost hair.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","treated","mice","became","generally","healthier","and","even","re","-","grew","lost","hair","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,13,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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{"text":"Cells are made from hundreds of millions of parts.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Cells","are","made","from","hundreds","of","millions","of","parts","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They're the structures, machines, messages, and the catalysts that make reactions happen.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","'re","the","structures",",","machines",",","messages",",","and","the","catalysts","that","make","reactions","happen","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"As we age, this process becomes less effective, and so parts become crumpled, bunched up, or are removed slower.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","we","age",",","this","process","becomes","less","effective",",","and","so","parts","become","crumpled",",","bunched","up",",","or","are","removed","slower","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Or they are no longer produced in the quantities we need.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Or","they","are","no","longer","produced","in","the","quantities","we","need","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,14,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One of these parts is NAD+, a coenzyme that tells our cells to look after themselves.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["One","of","these","parts","is","NAD+",",","a","coenzyme","that","tells","our","cells","to","look","after","themselves","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"At age 50, we only have about half as much in our bodies as we do at age 20.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","age","50",",","we","only","have","about","half","as","much","in","our","bodies","as","we","do","at","age","20","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Low amounts of it are linked to a whole bunch of diseases, from skin cancer to Alzheimer's, cardiovascular disease, and multiple sclerosis.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":25,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Low","amounts","of","it","are","linked","to","a","whole","bunch","of","diseases",",","from","skin","cancer","to","Alzheimer","'s",",","cardiovascular","disease",",","and","multiple","sclerosis","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But NAD++ can't enter cells, so we can't get it as a pill.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","NAD++","ca","n't","enter","cells",",","so","we","ca","n't","get","it","as","a","pill","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But scientists noticed that other, more flexible substances could enter cells, and would then turn into NAD++ in sight.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","scientists","noticed","that","other",",","more","flexible","substances","could","enter","cells",",","and","would","then","turn","into","NAD++","in","sight","."],"tags":[0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In 2016, multiple trials on mice showed that they boosted the multiplication of skin, brain, and muscle stem cells.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":114,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","2016",",","multiple","trials","on","mice","showed","that","they","boosted","the","multiplication","of","skin",",","brain",",","and","muscle","stem","cells","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They were rejuvenated, had a higher ability to repair their DNA, and had a slightly increased lifespan.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["They","were","rejuvenated",",","had","a","higher","ability","to","repair","their","DNA",",","and","had","a","slightly","increased","lifespan","."],"tags":[1,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This even got NASA interested, which is looking for a way to minimize the DNA damage astronauts would be exposed to from cosmic radiation on Mars missions.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","even","got","NASA","interested",",","which","is","looking","for","a","way","to","minimize","the","DNA","damage","astronauts","would","be","exposed","to","from","cosmic","radiation","on","Mars","missions","."],"tags":[1,13,23,5,33,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"There are human trials being planned right now, but it's too soon to say if this will boost our healthspan or even lifespan.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["There","are","human","trials","being","planned","right","now",",","but","it","'s","too","soon","to","say","if","this","will","boost","our","healthspan","or","even","lifespan","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But NAD++ is a serious candidate, and could become the first human anti-aging pill.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","NAD++","is","a","serious","candidate",",","and","could","become","the","first","human","anti","-","aging","pill","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Stem cells are like cell blueprints that sit at various places in the body and copy themselves to produce a steady flow of fresh young cells.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":140,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Stem","cells","are","like","cell","blueprints","that","sit","at","various","places","in","the","body","and","copy","themselves","to","produce","a","steady","flow","of","fresh","young","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But they decline as we age, and so we decline too.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","they","decline","as","we","age",",","and","so","we","decline","too","."],"tags":[0,1,19,13,14,14,0,0,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Without new parts, human bodies break.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Without","new","parts",",","human","bodies","break","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,19,0]}
{"text":"In mice, scientists observed that as the stem cells in their brains disappeared, they started to develop diseases.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":113,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","mice",",","scientists","observed","that","as","the","stem","cells","in","their","brains","disappeared",",","they","started","to","develop","diseases","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So they took stem cells from baby mice brains and injected them directly into the brains of middle-aged mice.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","they","took","stem","cells","from","baby","mice","brains","and","injected","them","directly","into","the","brains","of","middle","-","aged","mice","."],"tags":[0,1,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The fresh stem cells reinvigorated older brain cells by secreting microRNAs that regulated their metabolism.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","fresh","stem","cells","reinvigorated","older","brain","cells","by","secreting","microRNAs","that","regulated","their","metabolism","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After four months, brain and muscles worked better than those of untreated mice, and on average, they lived 10% longer.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":85,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["After","four","months",",","brain","and","muscles","worked","better","than","those","of","untreated","mice",",","and","on","average",",","they","lived","10","%","longer","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Another study took stem cells from mice embryos and injected them directly into the hearts of older mice.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Another","study","took","stem","cells","from","mice","embryos","and","injected","them","directly","into","the","hearts","of","older","mice","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As a consequence, they had improved heart function, could exercise 20% longer, and weirdly enough, their hair regrew faster.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":123,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":83,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["As","a","consequence",",","they","had","improved","heart","function",",","could","exercise","20","%","longer",",","and","weirdly","enough",",","their","hair","regrew","faster","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"What all of this tells us is that there is not a single magic bullet with which to cure aging.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["What","all","of","this","tells","us","is","that","there","is","not","a","single","magic","bullet","with","which","to","cure","aging","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It requires a complex array of different therapies.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","requires","a","complex","array","of","different","therapies","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We can kill off senescent cells to clear away the junk, give ourselves fresh new stem cells to fill the gap,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","can","kill","off","senescent","cells","to","clear","away","the","junk",",","give","ourselves","fresh","new","stem","cells","to","fill","the","gap",","],"tags":[1,15,19,35,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This video comes with a big caveat.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","video","comes","with","a","big","caveat","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After all, these studies have been carried out on mice.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["After","all",",","these","studies","have","been","carried","out","on","mice","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,15,29,35,13,14,0]}
{"text":"There's no guarantee the same therapies would work in us to the same extent, but they are proof of concepts.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":2},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["There","'s","no","guarantee","the","same","therapies","would","work","in","us","to","the","same","extent",",","but","they","are","proof","of","concepts","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To learn more about how we can modify our own health span, we need human trials.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["To","learn","more","about","how","we","can","modify","our","own","health","span",",","we","need","human","trials","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"We've only covered a tiny part of the research that's being done right now and only scratched the surface of these ideas.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":15,"token_start":4},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["We","'ve","only","covered","a","tiny","part","of","the","research","that","'s","being","done","right","now","and","only","scratched","the","surface","of","these","ideas","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The field of HealthSpan Extension needs more attention and funding.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","field","of","HealthSpan","Extension","needs","more","attention","and","funding","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If it gets it, all of us might enjoy growing old without pain.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["If","it","gets","it",",","all","of","us","might","enjoy","growing","old","without","pain","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you now want to support the research on aging directly, you can do so at Lifespan.io, a community of people actively supporting the scientists working to cure aging.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":166,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":30,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","you","now","want","to","support","the","research","on","aging","directly",",","you","can","do","so","at","Lifespan.io",",","a","community","of","people","actively","supporting","the","scientists","working","to","cure","aging","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Check them out to learn about the latest advances and visit their blog or group on Facebook.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":91,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Check","them","out","to","learn","about","the","latest","advances","and","visit","their","blog","or","group","on","Facebook","."],"tags":[19,5,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The Lifespan team also kindly supported the creation of this video with a donation and their expertise.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","Lifespan","team","also","kindly","supported","the","creation","of","this","video","with","a","donation","and","their","expertise","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If you want to help us make more of our videos, you can do so on patreon.com.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","help","us","make","more","of","our","videos",",","you","can","do","so","on","patreon.com","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,14,0]}
{"text":"For years, people have asked how we make our videos.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["For","years",",","people","have","asked","how","we","make","our","videos","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So, let's finally talk about it.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So",",","let","'s","finally","talk","about","it","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"First things first, we need a topic.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["First","things","first",",","we","need","a","topic","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Our potential topic list is already endless, and every time we research something, it grows longer.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Our","potential","topic","list","is","already","endless",",","and","every","time","we","research","something",",","it","grows","longer","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,13,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, we just work on whatever we find exciting at the time.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So",",","we","just","work","on","whatever","we","find","exciting","at","the","time","."],"tags":[0,0,1,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This could be something serious, fascinating, personal, or just really stupid.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","could","be","something","serious",",","fascinating",",","personal",",","or","just","really","stupid","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The variety is half the fun.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","variety","is","half","the","fun","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We want to explain complicated things in an easily graspable way and make sciencey topics fascinating and beautiful.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":115,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","want","to","explain","complicated","things","in","an","easily","graspable","way","and","make","sciencey","topics","fascinating","and","beautiful","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But we also want to tell stories and express how we feel about the universe from time to time.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","we","also","want","to","tell","stories","and","express","how","we","feel","about","the","universe","from","time","to","time","."],"tags":[0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our research begins by reading books or scientific papers and by talking to different experts who point us in the right direction.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":21,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Our","research","begins","by","reading","books","or","scientific","papers","and","by","talking","to","different","experts","who","point","us","in","the","right","direction","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We want to have a fact-based worldview, and our videos are trying to reflect that.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","want","to","have","a","fact","-","based","worldview",",","and","our","videos","are","trying","to","reflect","that","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So, we often have to change our view on an issue while working on it.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So",",","we","often","have","to","change","our","view","on","an","issue","while","working","on","it","."],"tags":[0,0,1,13,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Usually, after a few weeks of researching, we start writing.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Usually",",","after","a","few","weeks","of","researching",",","we","start","writing","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"A script begins with a rough first draft that's then rewritten and edited over and over again.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["A","script","begins","with","a","rough","first","draft","that","'s","then","rewritten","and","edited","over","and","over","again","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To make sure we don't misrepresent something, we ask experts to fact-check and correct us.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":89,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["To","make","sure","we","do","n't","misrepresent","something",",","we","ask","experts","to","fact","-","check","and","correct","us","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Writing is the bottleneck for our videos and very hard to speed up.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Writing","is","the","bottleneck","for","our","videos","and","very","hard","to","speed","up","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Usually, finishing a script takes between a few weeks and literally years to complete.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Usually",",","finishing","a","script","takes","between","a","few","weeks","and","literally","years","to","complete","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's visualize.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","visualize","."],"tags":[19,5,33,0]}
{"text":"When the script is ready, we begin sketching out the video.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["When","the","script","is","ready",",","we","begin","sketching","out","the","video","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We try to think of visual metaphors, transitions between ideas, and decide which scenes need the most attention.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","try","to","think","of","visual","metaphors",",","transitions","between","ideas",",","and","decide","which","scenes","need","the","most","attention","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"On average, 200 panels need to be illustrated in Adobe Illustrator.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["On","average",",","200","panels","need","to","be","illustrated","in","Adobe","Illustrator","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Although we have built up an illustration library, we still do most illustrations from scratch to give our videos a more unique look.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":131,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Although","we","have","built","up","an","illustration","library",",","we","still","do","most","illustrations","from","scratch","to","give","our","videos","a","more","unique","look","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The general idea is to find the right images to the words in the script to explain as clearly as possible while also having interesting things to look at.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":153,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":28,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","general","idea","is","to","find","the","right","images","to","the","words","in","the","script","to","explain","as","clearly","as","possible","while","also","having","interesting","things","to","look","at","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Also, here we include all the visual Easter eggs.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Also",",","here","we","include","all","the","visual","Easter","eggs","."],"tags":[0,0,13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In total, 2-3 illustrators spend 8-12 weeks illustrating the video.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","total",",","2","-","3","illustrators","spend","8","-","12","weeks","illustrating","the","video","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Now it's my turn.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Now","it","'s","my","turn","."],"tags":[13,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"When the whole video is illustrated, the narration is recorded in a small recording studio on a Neumann TLM 103 microphone and Pro Tools.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":135,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":24,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["When","the","whole","video","is","illustrated",",","the","narration","is","recorded","in","a","small","recording","studio","on","a","Neumann","TLM","103","microphone","and","Pro","Tools","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's important to keep the flow, so I try to get one version done and then go back through, retaking paragraphs and sentences until they feel right and a full version is ready.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":175,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":35,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","'s","important","to","keep","the","flow",",","so","I","try","to","get","one","version","done","and","then","go","back","through",",","retaking","paragraphs","and","sentences","until","they","feel","right","and","a","full","version","is","ready","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's alive.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","alive","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Now the scenes and audio need to be animated.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Now","the","scenes","and","audio","need","to","be","animated","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We make things move in Adobe After Effects, and recently we've begun experimenting with Cinema 4D.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","make","things","move","in","Adobe","After","Effects",",","and","recently","we","'ve","begun","experimenting","with","Cinema","4D."],"tags":[1,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42]}
{"text":"The first thing to do is take the illustrated scenes apart and organize them.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","first","thing","to","do","is","take","the","illustrated","scenes","apart","and","organize","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The hundreds or thousands of parts are then imported into After Effects.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","hundreds","or","thousands","of","parts","are","then","imported","into","After","Effects","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Each character is rigged so we can move them more naturally.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Each","character","is","rigged","so","we","can","move","them","more","naturally","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Aside from a few plugins that help us save time, every single thing that's moving on screen has been moved manually.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":90,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":18,"token_start":11},{"end":94,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":92,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":99,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":96,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":105,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":101,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":22,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Aside","from","a","few","plugins","that","help","us","save","time",",","every","single","thing","that","'s","moving","on","screen","has","been","moved","manually","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,0]}
{"text":"So 2-3 animators animate scene after scene for about 8-10 weeks in total.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["So","2","-","3","animators","animate","scene","after","scene","for","about","8","-","10","weeks","in","total","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The final step is the music.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","final","step","is","the","music","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Every song is original music composed to the finished video to create a unique atmosphere and to highlight the important parts.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":125,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Every","song","is","original","music","composed","to","the","finished","video","to","create","a","unique","atmosphere","and","to","highlight","the","important","parts","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You can listen to all of the songs on Soundcloud and Spotify.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["You","can","listen","to","all","of","the","songs","on","Soundcloud","and","Spotify","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The icing on the cake are the sound effects.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","icing","on","the","cake","are","the","sound","effects","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Many of you might not even really notice them, which is a shame because they really add an additional layer.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Many","of","you","might","not","even","really","notice","them",",","which","is","a","shame","because","they","really","add","an","additional","layer","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,37,13,13,19,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"So try watching a video with headphones if you want to get the full depth of it.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","try","watching","a","video","with","headphones","if","you","want","to","get","the","full","depth","of","it","."],"tags":[0,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All of these steps happen in parallel since we usually work on 2-4 videos at the same time in various stages.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","of","these","steps","happen","in","parallel","since","we","usually","work","on","2","-","4","videos","at","the","same","time","in","various","stages","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What we haven't mentioned are the countless revisions and edits.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["What","we","have","n't","mentioned","are","the","countless","revisions","and","edits","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Every few days we sit together and review our work and tweak it until it feels just right.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Every","few","days","we","sit","together","and","review","our","work","and","tweak","it","until","it","feels","just","right","."],"tags":[13,14,14,1,19,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And that's it.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","that","'s","it","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"As you can imagine, making videos for thousands of hours as a big team and then putting them on the internet for free is a weird business model.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":116,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":23,"token_start":5},{"end":119,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":118,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":142,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":121,"token_end":28,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["As","you","can","imagine",",","making","videos","for","thousands","of","hours","as","a","big","team","and","then","putting","them","on","the","internet","for","free","is","a","weird","business","model","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Over the years we've relied on a number of different things to stay afloat.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Over","the","years","we","'ve","relied","on","a","number","of","different","things","to","stay","afloat","."],"tags":[13,14,14,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We struck a deal with Funk from German public broadcasting to revive the German channel and with Wix to start a Spanish channel.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":14,"token_start":2},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":92,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["We","struck","a","deal","with","Funk","from","German","public","broadcasting","to","revive","the","German","channel","and","with","Wix","to","start","a","Spanish","channel","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But the reality is we can only do what we do because of you.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","the","reality","is","we","can","only","do","what","we","do","because","of","you","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Our two most important sources of income by far come from your direct support.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Our","two","most","important","sources","of","income","by","far","come","from","your","direct","support","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,14,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"you can directly support Kurzgesagt by getting something beautiful from our store or by becoming a Patreon and joining the bird army.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":131,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["you","can","directly","support","Kurzgesagt","by","getting","something","beautiful","from","our","store","or","by","becoming","a","Patreon","and","joining","the","bird","army","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Don't feel obligated though.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Do","n't","feel","obligated","though","."],"tags":[15,37,21,11,13,0]}
{"text":"Watching, engaging or sharing our videos is already helping us a lot.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Watching",",","engaging","or","sharing","our","videos","is","already","helping","us","a","lot","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,27,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But if you want to support us directly, thank you so much.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","if","you","want","to","support","us","directly",",","thank","you","so","much","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"You're making our videos free for everyone.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["You","'re","making","our","videos","free","for","everyone","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,6,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"You are enabling us to practice and improve, to stay independent and to work on ambitious projects that would be too scary or too big otherwise.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":143,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":26,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","are","enabling","us","to","practice","and","improve",",","to","stay","independent","and","to","work","on","ambitious","projects","that","would","be","too","scary","or","too","big","otherwise","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Kurzgesagt did not start with an end goal in mind.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Kurzgesagt","did","not","start","with","an","end","goal","in","mind","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It began as a personal project because it felt good to make something with time and love.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","began","as","a","personal","project","because","it","felt","good","to","make","something","with","time","and","love","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And this is still true today.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","this","is","still","true","today","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,13,0]}
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{"text":"Thank you so much for sticking with us for seven years and from our first subscriber to the ten millionth.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","for","sticking","with","us","for","seven","years","and","from","our","first","subscriber","to","the","ten","millionth","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This journey has been so wild and so much fun.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","journey","has","been","so","wild","and","so","much","fun","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And we can't wait to share the stuff we're working on right now with you.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","we","ca","n't","wait","to","share","the","stuff","we","'re","working","on","right","now","with","you","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We want to make meta videos like this from time to time now.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","want","to","make","meta","videos","like","this","from","time","to","time","now","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you want to ask us questions that you want us to answer, you can do so on Reddit.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":19,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","ask","us","questions","that","you","want","us","to","answer",",","you","can","do","so","on","Reddit","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's shrink an elephant to the size of a mouse, and enlarge a mouse and make it the size of an elephant, because this is our video and we want to see what happens.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":163,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":36,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","shrink","an","elephant","to","the","size","of","a","mouse",",","and","enlarge","a","mouse","and","make","it","the","size","of","an","elephant",",","because","this","is","our","video","and","we","want","to","see","what","happens","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"First, our now tiny elephant stumbles around and then drops dead.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["First",",","our","now","tiny","elephant","stumbles","around","and","then","drops","dead","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,25,13,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Tiny elephant buddy is very cold, frozen to death in minutes.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Tiny","elephant","buddy","is","very","cold",",","frozen","to","death","in","minutes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our giant mouse looks very uncomfortable for a moment, and then it explodes, leaving hot mouse insides everywhere.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Our","giant","mouse","looks","very","uncomfortable","for","a","moment",",","and","then","it","explodes",",","leaving","hot","mouse","insides","everywhere","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We are optimized to function precisely to the size we are, and would die horribly in any other environment.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["We","are","optimized","to","function","precisely","to","the","size","we","are",",","and","would","die","horribly","in","any","other","environment","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Why does our mouse explode, and can we do this to our elephant too if we try hard?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Why","does","our","mouse","explode",",","and","can","we","do","this","to","our","elephant","too","if","we","try","hard","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Life on this planet is based on cells.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Life","on","this","planet","is","based","on","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Cells do vary in size, but they're pretty similar in their dimensions across all species.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":27,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Cells","do","vary","in","size",",","but","they","'re","pretty","similar","in","their","dimensions","across","all","species","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A blue whale doesn't have bigger cells than a hummingbird, just a lot more of them.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","blue","whale","does","n't","have","bigger","cells","than","a","hummingbird",",","just","a","lot","more","of","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Cells have to do a lot of stuff to stay alive, and they need energy to be able to do so.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Cells","have","to","do","a","lot","of","stuff","to","stay","alive",",","and","they","need","energy","to","be","able","to","do","so","."],"tags":[1,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To get this energy, animal cells convert food and oxygen into usable chemical energy.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","get","this","energy",",","animal","cells","convert","food","and","oxygen","into","usable","chemical","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This happens in our mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","happens","in","our","mitochondria",",","the","powerhouse","of","the","cell","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They're like little coal engines that spit out tiny ATP batteries, which the cell can use for almost everything it needs to do.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":126,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":24,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","'re","like","little","coal","engines","that","spit","out","tiny","ATP","batteries",",","which","the","cell","can","use","for","almost","everything","it","needs","to","do","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Just like an engine, mitochondria get really hot while working.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Just","like","an","engine",",","mitochondria","get","really","hot","while","working","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"In human skin cells, they reach a scorching 50 degrees Celsius.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","human","skin","cells",",","they","reach","a","scorching","50","degrees","Celsius","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And some of our cells have up to 2,000 mitochondria which are radiating their heat into the cell.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","some","of","our","cells","have","up","to","2,000","mitochondria","which","are","radiating","their","heat","into","the","cell","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So being alive generates a lot of heat.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","being","alive","generates","a","lot","of","heat","."],"tags":[0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The more cells you have, the more heat your body generates in total.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","more","cells","you","have",",","the","more","heat","your","body","generates","in","total","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,5,6,6,1,2,25,13,14,0]}
{"text":"If our bodies didn't find ways of losing this heat, we would be cooked from the inside and die.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":16},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":91,"token_end":20,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","our","bodies","did","n't","find","ways","of","losing","this","heat",",","we","would","be","cooked","from","the","inside","and","die","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,13,14,14,0,41,0]}
{"text":"But this is a problem for bigger animals because of the way bodies change as living beings scale up.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","this","is","a","problem","for","bigger","animals","because","of","the","way","bodies","change","as","living","beings","scale","up","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Animals have three properties here that are important.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Animals","have","three","properties","here","that","are","important","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,13,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The thing that's hard to wrap your head around is that when things grow, their insides grow faster than their outsides.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":117,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","thing","that","'s","hard","to","wrap","your","head","around","is","that","when","things","grow",",","their","insides","grow","faster","than","their","outsides","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Imagine a fleshy cube.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","a","fleshy","cube","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you double the length of its sides, its surface and volume do not double.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":67,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":69,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","you","double","the","length","of","its","sides",",","its","surface","and","volume","do","not","double","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,37,19,0]}
{"text":"In fact, the surface is now four times the original size and the volume of the cube eight times the original size,","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","the","surface","is","now","four","times","the","original","size","and","the","volume","of","the","cube","eight","times","the","original","size",","],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So why is this a problem for big animals?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","why","is","this","a","problem","for","big","animals","?"],"tags":[0,13,21,1,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So if we make our mouth the size of an elephant or 60 times longer, it has 3,600 times more surface from which to lose heat.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":14,"token_start":1},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":71,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":123,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":26,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["So","if","we","make","our","mouth","the","size","of","an","elephant","or","60","times","longer",",","it","has","3,600","times","more","surface","from","which","to","lose","heat","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But it has 216,000 times more volume filled with trillions and trillions of new hot mitochondria that produce more heat.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":119,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","it","has","216,000","times","more","volume","filled","with","trillions","and","trillions","of","new","hot","mitochondria","that","produce","more","heat","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our mouse is very dead very fast.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Our","mouse","is","very","dead","very","fast","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But big things like elephants exist.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","big","things","like","elephants","exist","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,19,0]}
{"text":"So how do they deal with the heat?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","how","do","they","deal","with","the","heat","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,31,32,5,6,0]}
{"text":"For one, they evolved ways to get rid of energy more easily, like huge flat ears that have a lot of surface where heat can escape.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":128,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":27,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["For","one",",","they","evolved","ways","to","get","rid","of","energy","more","easily",",","like","huge","flat","ears","that","have","a","lot","of","surface","where","heat","can","escape","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But that's not enough.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","that","'s","not","enough","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"Nature's solution is actually very elegant.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Nature","'s","solution","is","actually","very","elegant","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Elephant cells are much, much slower than mice cells.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Elephant","cells","are","much",",","much","slower","than","mice","cells","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The bigger an animal is, the less active its cells are.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","bigger","an","animal","is",",","the","less","active","its","cells","are","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,1,2,21,0]}
{"text":"it's clearly visible.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["it","'s","clearly","visible","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"It's not 100% accurate, but it is a good rule of thumb.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","100","%","accurate",",","but","it","is","a","good","rule","of","thumb","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Elephants are huge meat sacks filled with trillions and trillions of little coal ovens.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Elephants","are","huge","meat","sacks","filled","with","trillions","and","trillions","of","little","coal","ovens","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So they keep the ovens just active enough to keep them running and never at full power.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":86,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","they","keep","the","ovens","just","active","enough","to","keep","them","running","and","never","at","full","power","."],"tags":[0,1,21,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Their whole metabolism is slow.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Their","whole","metabolism","is","slow","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Things move at a nice, chill pace.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Things","move","at","a","nice",",","chill","pace","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Small animals need to go the exact opposite way.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Small","animals","need","to","go","the","exact","opposite","way","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you're small, you have a lot of surface area compared to not a lot of volume.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","small",",","you","have","a","lot","of","surface","area","compared","to","not","a","lot","of","volume","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You don't have a lot of cell ovens and lose the heat they produce very fast.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["You","do","n't","have","a","lot","of","cell","ovens","and","lose","the","heat","they","produce","very","fast","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So very tiny mammals came up with a very extreme solution.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","very","tiny","mammals","came","up","with","a","very","extreme","solution","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Meet the Etruscan shrew, the smallest mammal on Earth.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":9,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Meet","the","Etruscan","shrew",",","the","smallest","mammal","on","Earth","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"With a body length of 4 centimeters, it only weighs about 1.8 grams, as much as a paperclip.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["With","a","body","length","of","4","centimeters",",","it","only","weighs","about","1.8","grams",",","as","much","as","a","paperclip","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's a tiny, ridiculous being.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","tiny",",","ridiculous","being","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It would basically cool off immediately, so its cells run on overdrive to stay warm.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","would","basically","cool","off","immediately",",","so","its","cells","run","on","overdrive","to","stay","warm","."],"tags":[1,15,13,31,32,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Its tiny ovens are filled at maximum capacity.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Its","tiny","ovens","are","filled","at","maximum","capacity","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Its heart beats up to 1,200 times a minute, and it breathes up to 800 times a minute.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Its","heart","beats","up","to","1,200","times","a","minute",",","and","it","breathes","up","to","800","times","a","minute","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This creates an extreme need for energy, so the shrew has to eat constantly.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","creates","an","extreme","need","for","energy",",","so","the","shrew","has","to","eat","constantly","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"After only four hours without food, it starves to death.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["After","only","four","hours","without","food",",","it","starves","to","death","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,13,14,0]}
{"text":"And while an African elephant consumes around 4% of its body weight in food each day, our shrew needs 200% of its body weight in food a day just to survive.","spans":[{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":16,"token_start":1},{"end":95,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":19,"token_start":18},{"end":101,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":96,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":139,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":30,"token_start":21},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":140,"token_end":33,"token_start":31}],"tokens":["And","while","an","African","elephant","consumes","around","4","%","of","its","body","weight","in","food","each","day",",","our","shrew","needs","200","%","of","its","body","weight","in","food","a","day","just","to","survive","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Imagine having to eat 2,000 Big Macs a day, more than one a minute.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","having","to","eat","2,000","Big","Macs","a","day",",","more","than","one","a","minute","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So a cubic centimeter of shrew needs 40 times more food than a cubic centimeter of elephant.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So","a","cubic","centimeter","of","shrew","needs","40","times","more","food","than","a","cubic","centimeter","of","elephant","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If an elephant's cells suddenly become as active as the cells of a shrew, a crazy amount of heat would be generated.","spans":[{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":95,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":20,"token_start":16},{"end":101,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":97,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":104,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":103,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":114,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":106,"token_end":23,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["If","an","elephant","'s","cells","suddenly","become","as","active","as","the","cells","of","a","shrew",",","a","crazy","amount","of","heat","would","be","generated","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"All the liquids in the elephant would suddenly start boiling, and then it would explode in an impressive explosion of steaming hot, burning elephant parts.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":154,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":26,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["All","the","liquids","in","the","elephant","would","suddenly","start","boiling",",","and","then","it","would","explode","in","an","impressive","explosion","of","steaming","hot",",","burning","elephant","parts","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In reality, before an explosion occurred, the proteins making up our cells would probably be denatured and stop producing heat.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":90,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":102,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":93,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":107,"token_end":21,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["In","reality",",","before","an","explosion","occurred",",","the","proteins","making","up","our","cells","would","probably","be","denatured","and","stop","producing","heat","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,15,29,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But a meat explosion is much more fun than melting an elephant into a mass of hot goo.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","a","meat","explosion","is","much","more","fun","than","melting","an","elephant","into","a","mass","of","hot","goo","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Regardless, the scaling of the speed of metabolism happens everywhere, even in places we don't expect, like pregnant women.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Regardless",",","the","scaling","of","the","speed","of","metabolism","happens","everywhere",",","even","in","places","we","do","n't","expect",",","like","pregnant","women","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A baby in the womb of its mother behaves as if it were a part of her.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["A","baby","in","the","womb","of","its","mother","behaves","as","if","it","were","a","part","of","her","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Its cells have about the same metabolic rate, the same speed of life as its mother's organs.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Its","cells","have","about","the","same","metabolic","rate",",","the","same","speed","of","life","as","its","mother","'s","organs","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It is truly a part of a bigger whole rather than an individual.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","is","truly","a","part","of","a","bigger","whole","rather","than","an","individual","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Until it is not anymore.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Until","it","is","not","anymore","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,0]}
{"text":"The very moment a baby is born, a switch is flipped and all its internal processes speed up rapidly.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","very","moment","a","baby","is","born",",","a","switch","is","flipped","and","all","its","internal","processes","speed","up","rapidly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Thirty-six hours after birth, the baby's cells have the same activity rate as a mammal at size.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":18,"token_start":12},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":20,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Thirty","-","six","hours","after","birth",",","the","baby","'s","cells","have","the","same","activity","rate","as","a","mammal","at","size","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Babies literally transition from being an organ to being an individual in mere hours.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Babies","literally","transition","from","being","an","organ","to","being","an","individual","in","mere","hours","."],"tags":[1,13,19,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But there's one thing where big and small things are very similar.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","'s","one","thing","where","big","and","small","things","are","very","similar","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Elephants tend to have a similar amount of heartbeats over their lifetime, typically around one billion.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":103,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Elephants","tend","to","have","a","similar","amount","of","heartbeats","over","their","lifetime",",","typically","around","one","billion","."],"tags":[1,19,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"So while the shrew and elephant are very different, they share a similar number of heartbeats over the course of their lives.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["So","while","the","shrew","and","elephant","are","very","different",",","they","share","a","similar","number","of","heartbeats","over","the","course","of","their","lives","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Their speed of life is the opposite and somehow still the same.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Their","speed","of","life","is","the","opposite","and","somehow","still","the","same","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And for a video in which we made elephants explode for no good reason, this is the most romantic ending we could come up with.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":13,"token_start":1},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":78,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":125,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["And","for","a","video","in","which","we","made","elephants","explode","for","no","good","reason",",","this","is","the","most","romantic","ending","we","could","come","up","with","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Nothing in the universe is static.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Nothing","in","the","universe","is","static","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"In the Milky Way, billions of stars orbit the galactic center.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","the","Milky","Way",",","billions","of","stars","orbit","the","galactic","center","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Some like our sun are pretty consistent, keeping a distance of around 30,000 light-years from the galactic center, completing an orbit every 230 million years.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":157,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":28,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Some","like","our","sun","are","pretty","consistent",",","keeping","a","distance","of","around","30,000","light","-","years","from","the","galactic","center",",","completing","an","orbit","every","230","million","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This dance is not an orderly ballet, more like a skating rink filled with drunk toddlers.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","dance","is","not","an","orderly","ballet",",","more","like","a","skating","rink","filled","with","drunk","toddlers","."],"tags":[1,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This chaos makes the galaxy dangerous.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","chaos","makes","the","galaxy","dangerous","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,33,0]}
{"text":"Our solar neighborhood is constantly changing, with stars moving hundreds of kilometers every second.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Our","solar","neighborhood","is","constantly","changing",",","with","stars","moving","hundreds","of","kilometers","every","second","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,27,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Only the vast distances between objects protect us from the dangers out there.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Only","the","vast","distances","between","objects","protect","us","from","the","dangers","out","there","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But we might get unlucky in the future.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","we","might","get","unlucky","in","the","future","."],"tags":[0,1,15,21,11,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At some point, we could encounter a star-going supernova, or a massive object passing by and showering Earth with asteroids.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":122,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":23,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","some","point",",","we","could","encounter","a","star","-","going","supernova",",","or","a","massive","object","passing","by","and","showering","Earth","with","asteroids","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If something like this were to happen, we would likely know thousands, if not millions of years in advance.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","something","like","this","were","to","happen",",","we","would","likely","know","thousands",",","if","not","millions","of","years","in","advance","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But we still couldn't do much about it.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","we","still","could","n't","do","much","about","it","."],"tags":[0,1,13,15,37,19,5,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Unless we move our whole solar system out of the way.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Unless","we","move","our","whole","solar","system","out","of","the","way","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To move the solar system, we need a stellar engine, a megastructure used to steer a star through the galaxy.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["To","move","the","solar","system",",","we","need","a","stellar","engine",",","a","megastructure","used","to","steer","a","star","through","the","galaxy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's the kind of thing that might be built by an advanced civilization with Dyson Sphere level technology that's thinking about their future millions of years ahead of time.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":172,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":30,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","the","kind","of","thing","that","might","be","built","by","an","advanced","civilization","with","Dyson","Sphere","level","technology","that","'s","thinking","about","their","future","millions","of","years","ahead","of","time","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But how do we possibly move the hundreds of thousands of objects in the solar system?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","how","do","we","possibly","move","the","hundreds","of","thousands","of","objects","in","the","solar","system","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The good news is, we can ignore all of that.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","good","news","is",",","we","can","ignore","all","of","that","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We only need to move the Sun, all the other stuff is glued to it by gravity and will follow it wherever it decides to go.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","only","need","to","move","the","Sun",",","all","the","other","stuff","is","glued","to","it","by","gravity","and","will","follow","it","wherever","it","decides","to","go","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"There are lots of ideas about what a stellar engine might look like and how it would work.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":89,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","lots","of","ideas","about","what","a","stellar","engine","might","look","like","and","how","it","would","work","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We've picked two grounded in our current understanding of physics that could be built in theory.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'ve","picked","two","grounded","in","our","current","understanding","of","physics","that","could","be","built","in","theory","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The simplest kind of stellar engine is the Shkadov thruster, a giant mirror.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","simplest","kind","of","stellar","engine","is","the","Shkadov","thruster",",","a","giant","mirror","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It works on the same principle as a rocket.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","works","on","the","same","principle","as","a","rocket","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Like rocket fuel, the photons released as solar radiation carry momentum.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Like","rocket","fuel",",","the","photons","released","as","solar","radiation","carry","momentum","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,0]}
{"text":"For example, if an astronaut turned on a flashlight in space, it would push them backwards very, very slowly.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":21,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["For","example",",","if","an","astronaut","turned","on","a","flashlight","in","space",",","it","would","push","them","backwards","very",",","very","slowly","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A stellar engine will work a little better than a flashlight because the Sun produces a lot of photons.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["A","stellar","engine","will","work","a","little","better","than","a","flashlight","because","the","Sun","produces","a","lot","of","photons","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The basic idea of the Shkadov thruster is to reflect up to half of the solar radiation to create thrust and slowly push the Sun where we want it to go.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":150,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":30,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","basic","idea","of","the","Shkadov","thruster","is","to","reflect","up","to","half","of","the","solar","radiation","to","create","thrust","and","slowly","push","the","Sun","where","we","want","it","to","go","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In order for the Shkadov thruster to work, it must be kept in the same place, not orbiting the Sun.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":75,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":21,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["In","order","for","the","Shkadov","thruster","to","work",",","it","must","be","kept","in","the","same","place",",","not","orbiting","the","Sun","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,21,33,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Although the Sun's gravity will try to pull it in, it would be supported by radiation pressure which props the mirror up.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Although","the","Sun","'s","gravity","will","try","to","pull","it","in",",","it","would","be","supported","by","radiation","pressure","which","props","the","mirror","up","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This means the mirror would have to be very light, made of micron-thin reflecting foil from materials like aluminium alloys.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":123,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","the","mirror","would","have","to","be","very","light",",","made","of","micron","-","thin","reflecting","foil","from","materials","like","aluminium","alloys","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The mirror's shape is important too.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","mirror","'s","shape","is","important","too","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,0,0]}
{"text":"Enveloping the Sun in a giant spherical shell wouldn't work because that would refocus light back to the Sun, heating it up and creating all sorts of unpleasant problems.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":168,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":30,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Enveloping","the","Sun","in","a","giant","spherical","shell","would","n't","work","because","that","would","refocus","light","back","to","the","Sun",",","heating","it","up","and","creating","all","sorts","of","unpleasant","problems","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Instead, we use a parabola, which sends most of the photons around the Sun and in the same direction, which maximizes thrust.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":123,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":24,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Instead",",","we","use","a","parabola",",","which","sends","most","of","the","photons","around","the","Sun","and","in","the","same","direction",",","which","maximizes","thrust","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To prevent accidentally burning or freezing Earth with too much or too little sunlight, the only safe place to build a Shkadov thruster is over the Sun's poles.","spans":[{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":135,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":23,"token_start":15},{"end":138,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":136,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":159,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":139,"token_end":29,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["To","prevent","accidentally","burning","or","freezing","Earth","with","too","much","or","too","little","sunlight",",","the","only","safe","place","to","build","a","Shkadov","thruster","is","over","the","Sun","'s","poles","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This means we can only move the Sun vertically in the plane of the solar system and one direction in the Milky Way, which limits our travel options a bit.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":153,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":30,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","we","can","only","move","the","Sun","vertically","in","the","plane","of","the","solar","system","and","one","direction","in","the","Milky","Way",",","which","limits","our","travel","options","a","bit","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But that is basically it.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","that","is","basically","it","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"For a civilization capable of building a Dyson sphere, this is a relatively simple endeavour.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["For","a","civilization","capable","of","building","a","Dyson","sphere",",","this","is","a","relatively","simple","endeavour","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"At full throttle, the solar system could probably be moved by about 100 light years over 230 million years.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["At","full","throttle",",","the","solar","system","could","probably","be","moved","by","about","100","light","years","over","230","million","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Over a few billion years, it gives us near complete control over the Sun's orbit in the galaxy.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":36,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":93,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Over","a","few","billion","years",",","it","gives","us","near","complete","control","over","the","Sun","'s","orbit","in","the","galaxy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"But in the short term, this might not be fast enough to dodge a deadly supernova.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","in","the","short","term",",","this","might","not","be","fast","enough","to","dodge","a","deadly","supernova","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"That's why we thought we could do better.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","why","we","thought","we","could","do","better","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So we asked our astrophysicist friend if he could design a faster stellar engine for this video.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","we","asked","our","astrophysicist","friend","if","he","could","design","a","faster","stellar","engine","for","this","video","."],"tags":[0,1,23,9,10,10,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
{"text":"He did, and wrote a paper about it that's been published in a peer-reviewed journal.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":12,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["He","did",",","and","wrote","a","paper","about","it","that","'s","been","published","in","a","peer","-","reviewed","journal","."],"tags":[1,23,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"You can find it in our sources document.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["You","can","find","it","in","our","sources","document","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We're going to call our new stellar engine the Kaplan thruster.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","'re","going","to","call","our","new","stellar","engine","the","Kaplan","thruster","."],"tags":[1,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,6,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"It works a lot like a traditional rocket.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","works","a","lot","like","a","traditional","rocket","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's a large space station platform, powered by a Dyson sphere, that gathers matter from the Sun to power nuclear fusion.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":119,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","large","space","station","platform",",","powered","by","a","Dyson","sphere",",","that","gathers","matter","from","the","Sun","to","power","nuclear","fusion","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It shoots out a very fast jet of particles at nearly 1% the speed of light out of the solar system.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":16,"token_start":9},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["It","shoots","out","a","very","fast","jet","of","particles","at","nearly","1","%","the","speed","of","light","out","of","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[1,19,35,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A second jet pushes the Sun along like a tugboat.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","second","jet","pushes","the","Sun","along","like","a","tugboat","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,35,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The Kaplan thruster requires a lot of fuel, millions of tons per second.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","Kaplan","thruster","requires","a","lot","of","fuel",",","millions","of","tons","per","second","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To gather this fuel, our thruster uses very large electromagnetic fields to funnel hydrogen and helium from the solar wind into the engine.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":138,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["To","gather","this","fuel",",","our","thruster","uses","very","large","electromagnetic","fields","to","funnel","hydrogen","and","helium","from","the","solar","wind","into","the","engine","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The solar wind alone doesn't provide enough fuel though.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","solar","wind","alone","does","n't","provide","enough","fuel","though","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,13,0]}
{"text":"And that's where the Dyson sphere comes in.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","that","'s","where","the","Dyson","sphere","comes","in","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Using its power, sunlight can be refocused to the surface of the Sun.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Using","its","power",",","sunlight","can","be","refocused","to","the","surface","of","the","Sun","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This heats small regions to extreme temperatures, lifting billions of tons of mass off the Sun.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","heats","small","regions","to","extreme","temperatures",",","lifting","billions","of","tons","of","mass","off","the","Sun","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This mass can be collected and separated into hydrogen and helium.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","mass","can","be","collected","and","separated","into","hydrogen","and","helium","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The helium is burned explosively in thermonuclear fusion reactors.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","helium","is","burned","explosively","in","thermonuclear","fusion","reactors","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A jet of radioactive oxygen at a temperature of nearly a billion degrees is expelled and becomes our primary source of propulsion from our stellar engine.","spans":[{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":153,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":89,"token_end":25,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["A","jet","of","radioactive","oxygen","at","a","temperature","of","nearly","a","billion","degrees","is","expelled","and","becomes","our","primary","source","of","propulsion","from","our","stellar","engine","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"To prevent the engine from just crashing into the Sun, it needs to balance itself.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["To","prevent","the","engine","from","just","crashing","into","the","Sun",",","it","needs","to","balance","itself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To do this, we accelerate the collected hydrogen with electromagnetic fields using particle accelerators and shoot a jet back at the Sun.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":136,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":109,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["To","do","this",",","we","accelerate","the","collected","hydrogen","with","electromagnetic","fields","using","particle","accelerators","and","shoot","a","jet","back","at","the","Sun","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This balances the thruster and transfers the thrust of our engine back to the Sun.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","balances","the","thruster","and","transfers","the","thrust","of","our","engine","back","to","the","Sun","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In as little as a million years, this engine can move the Sun by 50 light years, more than enough to dodge a supernova.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","as","little","as","a","million","years",",","this","engine","can","move","the","Sun","by","50","light","years",",","more","than","enough","to","dodge","a","supernova","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At full throttle, the solar system can be completely redirected in its galactic orbit in 10 million years.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["At","full","throttle",",","the","solar","system","can","be","completely","redirected","in","its","galactic","orbit","in","10","million","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Fortunately, the Sun is so massive that even billions of tons of material will barely scratch the surface.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":104,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Fortunately",",","the","Sun","is","so","massive","that","even","billions","of","tons","of","material","will","barely","scratch","the","surface","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In fact, this megastructure will actually extend our Sun's life since lower-mass stars burn slower, keeping the solar system inhabitable for many more billions of years.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":18,"token_start":12},{"end":167,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":30,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","this","megastructure","will","actually","extend","our","Sun","'s","life","since","lower","-","mass","stars","burn","slower",",","keeping","the","solar","system","inhabitable","for","many","more","billions","of","years","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"With a Kaplan thruster, we could turn the entire solar system into our spaceship.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["With","a","Kaplan","thruster",",","we","could","turn","the","entire","solar","system","into","our","spaceship","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It may even be possible to escape the galaxy entirely and expand beyond the Milky Way.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":85,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","may","even","be","possible","to","escape","the","galaxy","entirely","and","expand","beyond","the","Milky","Way","."],"tags":[3,15,13,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Stellar engines are the kind of machines built by civilizations thinking not in terms of years or decades, but eons.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":114,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Stellar","engines","are","the","kind","of","machines","built","by","civilizations","thinking","not","in","terms","of","years","or","decades",",","but","eons","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Since we know that our Sun will die one day, a stellar engine could allow the far future descendants of humans to travel to other stars without ever having to venture into the terrifying dark abyss of interstellar space.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":21,"token_start":16},{"end":219,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":111,"token_end":39,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Since","we","know","that","our","Sun","will","die","one","day",",","a","stellar","engine","could","allow","the","far","future","descendants","of","humans","to","travel","to","other","stars","without","ever","having","to","venture","into","the","terrifying","dark","abyss","of","interstellar","space","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Until we build a stellar engine, we're adrift and subject to the whims of the galactic sea.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Until","we","build","a","stellar","engine",",","we","'re","adrift","and","subject","to","the","whims","of","the","galactic","sea","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We may not like where it leads us.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","may","not","like","where","it","leads","us","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Maybe our descendants will set sail and become an interstellar species for millions of years to come.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Maybe","our","descendants","will","set","sail","and","become","an","interstellar","species","for","millions","of","years","to","come","."],"tags":[13,1,2,15,19,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This was our last video for the year 12,019 of the human era.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","was","our","last","video","for","the","year","12,019","of","the","human","era","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And what a year it was.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","what","a","year","it","was","."],"tags":[0,11,12,12,1,21,0]}
{"text":"So much stuff happened everywhere, to so many different people.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","much","stuff","happened","everywhere",",","to","so","many","different","people","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Calendars and holidays are just imaginary, but they help us to cut our lives into pieces that our brains can handle.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":115,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Calendars","and","holidays","are","just","imaginary",",","but","they","help","us","to","cut","our","lives","into","pieces","that","our","brains","can","handle","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We're leaving 12,019 behind with a weird mixture of disillusion and hope.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","'re","leaving","12,019","behind","with","a","weird","mixture","of","disillusion","and","hope","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The world is screwed up, but we can fix it.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","world","is","screwed","up",",","but","we","can","fix","it","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,35,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In a few days, this year will be over and we'll get to try again.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","a","few","days",",","this","year","will","be","over","and","we","'ll","get","to","try","again","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Thank you for watching our videos and for sticking around for so many years.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","for","watching","our","videos","and","for","sticking","around","for","so","many","years","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"See you all in 12,020.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["See","you","all","in","12,020","."],"tags":[19,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Be prepared to make contact!","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Be","prepared","to","make","contact","!"],"tags":[15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Our new limited drop has landed, only on the Kurzgesagt Shop!","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Our","new","limited","drop","has","landed",",","only","on","the","Kurzgesagt","Shop","!"],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Could aliens destroy us from light years away?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Could","aliens","destroy","us","from","light","years","away","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"where we answer the most important questions with science.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["where","we","answer","the","most","important","questions","with","science","."],"tags":[13,1,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Today, how might civilizations wage war across light years?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Today",",","how","might","civilizations","wage","war","across","light","years","?"],"tags":[13,0,13,15,1,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What kind of devastating weapons could they use,","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["What","kind","of","devastating","weapons","could","they","use",","],"tags":[5,6,6,6,6,15,1,19,0]}
{"text":"and what would they look like?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["and","what","would","they","look","like","?"],"tags":[0,11,15,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Meet our two players, a yellow dwarf star system,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":9,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Meet","our","two","players",",","a","yellow","dwarf","star","system",","],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They have rockets, nuclear reactors, and memes.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","have","rockets",",","nuclear","reactors",",","and","memes","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The Smorpians disagree.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["The","Smorpians","disagree","."],"tags":[1,2,19,0]}
{"text":"They reside on a planet around the orange dwarf star HD 40307,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","reside","on","a","planet","around","the","orange","dwarf","star","HD","40307",","],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Smorpian civilization developed earlier than humans,","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":22,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Smorpian","civilization","developed","earlier","than","humans",","],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"and they have much better technology.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["and","they","have","much","better","technology","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They've recently built a Dyson swarm around their star,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["They","'ve","recently","built","a","Dyson","swarm","around","their","star",","],"tags":[1,15,13,29,5,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And they noticed humanity,","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","they","noticed","humanity",","],"tags":[0,1,23,5,0]}
{"text":"So they decided that humanity has to go.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","they","decided","that","humanity","has","to","go","."],"tags":[0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Interstellar war is hard though.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Interstellar","war","is","hard","though","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,13,0]}
{"text":"Frontlines, tactics, and logistics are meaningless at these scales.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Frontlines",",","tactics",",","and","logistics","are","meaningless","at","these","scales","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's also fought across time.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","also","fought","across","time","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Decades will pass between firing a weapon and learning whether it hit or not.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Decades","will","pass","between","firing","a","weapon","and","learning","whether","it","hit","or","not","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Sending an invasion fleet is futile.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Sending","an","invasion","fleet","is","futile","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"the journey to Earth would take decades or even centuries,","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["the","journey","to","Earth","would","take","decades","or","even","centuries",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"and humans would have plenty of time to prepare.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["and","humans","would","have","plenty","of","time","to","prepare","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you want to learn more about the mind-numbing problem of war between alien civilizations, we made a video about it.","spans":[{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":99,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":96,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":116,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":23,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","learn","more","about","the","mind","-","numbing","problem","of","war","between","alien","civilizations",",","we","made","a","video","about","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Today, we'll help the Smorpians construct a weapon that is not only extremely long-range and as fast as physically possible,","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":123,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":23,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Today",",","we","'ll","help","the","Smorpians","construct","a","weapon","that","is","not","only","extremely","long","-","range","and","as","fast","as","physically","possible",","],"tags":[13,0,1,15,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"but that will totally destroy everything on Earth.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["but","that","will","totally","destroy","everything","on","Earth","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"No human survivors will come to enact vengeance on Smorp in the future.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["No","human","survivors","will","come","to","enact","vengeance","on","Smorp","in","the","future","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In interstellar war, you want to win with one shot.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","interstellar","war",",","you","want","to","win","with","one","shot","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Our bird scientists have found three Smorpian designs.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Our","bird","scientists","have","found","three","Smorpian","designs","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's see how they work.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","see","how","they","work","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"As an advanced technological civilization, the Smorpians  harness the energy of their star by surrounding it with billions of solar power satellites.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":148,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["As","an","advanced","technological","civilization",",","the","Smorpians"," ","harness","the","energy","of","their","star","by","surrounding","it","with","billions","of","solar","power","satellites","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This Dyson swarm collects 1% of the star's energy output.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","Dyson","swarm","collects","1","%","of","the","star","'s","energy","output","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Human-built lasers use small mirrors to focus, so they have short ranges.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":72,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Human","-","built","lasers","use","small","mirrors","to","focus",",","so","they","have","short","ranges","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The Smorpians could turn their entire Dyson swarm into a collective focusing element a million kilometers wide.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","Smorpians","could","turn","their","entire","Dyson","swarm","into","a","collective","focusing","element","a","million","kilometers","wide","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The Star Laser has an insane range as a result.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","Star","Laser","has","an","insane","range","as","a","result","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Okay, let's shoot it.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Okay",",","let","'s","shoot","it","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Countless tiny beams combine into a single huge beam.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Countless","tiny","beams","combine","into","a","single","huge","beam","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Laser beams are normally invisible in space,","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Laser","beams","are","normally","invisible","in","space",","],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,13,14,0]}
{"text":"but the Star Laser is so powerful,","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["but","the","Star","Laser","is","so","powerful",","],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"that light scattering off bits of dust and gas in its path makes it clearly visible in the sky.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":94,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["that","light","scattering","off","bits","of","dust","and","gas","in","its","path","makes","it","clearly","visible","in","the","sky","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The laser travels at the speed of light, which, oddly enough, is still pretty slow on a galactic level.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":21,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","laser","travels","at","the","speed","of","light",",","which",",","oddly","enough",",","is","still","pretty","slow","on","a","galactic","level","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It takes a whole day until the laser has left the Smorpian system, shooting into the emptiness between stars.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","takes","a","whole","day","until","the","laser","has","left","the","Smorpian","system",",","shooting","into","the","emptiness","between","stars","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It will travel for decades, occasionally melting the odd bit of interstellar dust or asteroid.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","will","travel","for","decades",",","occasionally","melting","the","odd","bit","of","interstellar","dust","or","asteroid","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"42 years after being fired, it arrives without warning.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["42","years","after","being","fired",",","it","arrives","without","warning","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Humans only notice a weird green glow in the sky, and then they're gone.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Humans","only","notice","a","weird","green","glow","in","the","sky",",","and","then","they","'re","gone","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"1% of the energy of a star concentrated into a beam the diameter of Earth, traveling 42 light years.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["1","%","of","the","energy","of","a","star","concentrated","into","a","beam","the","diameter","of","Earth",",","traveling","42","light","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It burns the exposed half of the planet with the intensity of 3 million suns.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","burns","the","exposed","half","of","the","planet","with","the","intensity","of","3","million","suns","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The seas boil and evaporate, fires scour the land, and within minutes, Earth's crust begins to melt into a sea of lava.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","seas","boil","and","evaporate",",","fires","scour","the","land",",","and","within","minutes",",","Earth","'s","crust","begins","to","melt","into","a","sea","of","lava","."],"tags":[1,2,19,0,41,0,41,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As the planet rotates, it turns into a red-hot hell with no trace of life.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["As","the","planet","rotates",",","it","turns","into","a","red","-","hot","hell","with","no","trace","of","life","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"After a day, it's all over, and the laser dies down.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["After","a","day",",","it","'s","all","over",",","and","the","laser","dies","down","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In another 42 years, the Smorpians will know if they've been successful.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","another","42","years",",","the","Smorpians","will","know","if","they","'ve","been","successful","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That's another thing about interstellar war.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","another","thing","about","interstellar","war","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"When you attack, your grandchildren will be the ones to find out if you won.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["When","you","attack",",","your","grandchildren","will","be","the","ones","to","find","out","if","you","won","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's like all the bombs from World War II exploding in the 80s, and us only seeing the effect today.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","like","all","the","bombs","from","World","War","II","exploding","in","the","80s",",","and","us","only","seeing","the","effect","today","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But is there something else?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","is","there","something","else","?"],"tags":[0,21,3,1,2,0]}
{"text":"This sort of weapon is at the limits of what the Smorpians' technology can handle,","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","sort","of","weapon","is","at","the","limits","of","what","the","Smorpians","'","technology","can","handle",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"as it requires loads of a highly dangerous material, antimatter, the evil twin of regular matter.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["as","it","requires","loads","of","a","highly","dangerous","material",",","antimatter",",","the","evil","twin","of","regular","matter","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Humans have only managed to produce a few nanograms of antimatter.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Humans","have","only","managed","to","produce","a","few","nanograms","of","antimatter","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"With their unlimited energy, Smorpians can manufacture it at an industrial scale to build antimatter rockets.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["With","their","unlimited","energy",",","Smorpians","can","manufacture","it","at","an","industrial","scale","to","build","antimatter","rockets","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When antimatter and matter are mixed, they annihilate,","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["When","antimatter","and","matter","are","mixed",",","they","annihilate",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,0]}
{"text":"The physics is complicated, but basically, if you have a really strong magnetic field,","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","physics","is","complicated",",","but","basically",",","if","you","have","a","really","strong","magnetic","field",","],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"you can deflect the plasma through a nozzle, just like in the chemical rockets humans use.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["you","can","deflect","the","plasma","through","a","nozzle",",","just","like","in","the","chemical","rockets","humans","use","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But it would be much, much faster.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","would","be","much",",","much","faster","."],"tags":[0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Our relativistic missile is much bigger than a skyscraper.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Our","relativistic","missile","is","much","bigger","than","a","skyscraper","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"At the bottom is the bell-shaped magnetic nozzle, 100 meters wide.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["At","the","bottom","is","the","bell","-","shaped","magnetic","nozzle",",","100","meters","wide","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"On top of it are 250 floors, filled with antimatter and matter, ready to annihilate each other.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["On","top","of","it","are","250","floors",",","filled","with","antimatter","and","matter",",","ready","to","annihilate","each","other","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"On the top floor is a 300 kilogram projectile, looking quite small, about the size of a person.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["On","the","top","floor","is","a","300","kilogram","projectile",",","looking","quite","small",",","about","the","size","of","a","person","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"To stop them getting damaged on the way, the missiles have dozens of sacrificial layers that form a Whipple shield.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":113,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["To","stop","them","getting","damaged","on","the","way",",","the","missiles","have","dozens","of","sacrificial","layers","that","form","a","Whipple","shield","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"To make sure they do their job, the Smorpians build 1,000 missiles.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","make","sure","they","do","their","job",",","the","Smorpians","build","1,000","missiles","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's fire them!","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","fire","them","!"],"tags":[19,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Launching all the relativistic missiles is a spectacular event.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Launching","all","the","relativistic","missiles","is","a","spectacular","event","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"For a moment, the antimatter engines lighting up outshine their star.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["For","a","moment",",","the","antimatter","engines","lighting","up","outshine","their","star","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Their exhaust is a long trail of brilliant white, and as they accelerate away,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Their","exhaust","is","a","long","trail","of","brilliant","white",",","and","as","they","accelerate","away",","],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"they appear redder and redder until they turn invisible.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["they","appear","redder","and","redder","until","they","turn","invisible","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"the missiles are accelerated to 99.9999996% of the speed of light.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["the","missiles","are","accelerated","to","99.9999996","%","of","the","speed","of","light","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They have effectively infinite range, as there's nothing really to slow them down.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","have","effectively","infinite","range",",","as","there","'s","nothing","really","to","slow","them","down","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They arrive shortly after you can see them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","arrive","shortly","after","you","can","see","them","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The light from their launch will take 42 years to reach Earth.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","light","from","their","launch","will","take","42","years","to","reach","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So, human astronomers might see the flash of the missile's launch,","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So",",","human","astronomers","might","see","the","flash","of","the","missile","'s","launch",","],"tags":[0,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"and then a few days later, they'll hit.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["and","then","a","few","days","later",",","they","'ll","hit","."],"tags":[0,13,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,0]}
{"text":"Each relativistic missile packs the kinetic energy of a dinosaur-killer asteroid,","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Each","relativistic","missile","packs","the","kinetic","energy","of","a","dinosaur","-","killer","asteroid",","],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"so only one needs to hit.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["so","only","one","needs","to","hit","."],"tags":[0,1,2,25,5,6,0]}
{"text":"They never reach the ground, disintegrating instead at the edge of Earth's atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","never","reach","the","ground",",","disintegrating","instead","at","the","edge","of","Earth","'s","atmosphere","."],"tags":[1,37,19,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Intense blue flashes set everything on fire.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Intense","blue","flashes","set","everything","on","fire","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,35,36,0]}
{"text":"Then, continent-sized fireballs slam down on the surface to smash everything into dust.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Then",",","continent","-","sized","fireballs","slam","down","on","the","surface","to","smash","everything","into","dust","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,19,35,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But they are a hassle to build.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","they","are","a","hassle","to","build","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Is there something else, maybe?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Is","there","something","else",",","maybe","?"],"tags":[21,3,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Humans do funny things to their food to rid it of bacteria and make it safe to eat, like shooting electron beams at strawberries.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":17,"token_start":7},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":24,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Humans","do","funny","things","to","their","food","to","rid","it","of","bacteria","and","make","it","safe","to","eat",",","like","shooting","electron","beams","at","strawberries","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Small particle accelerators send electrons into the food with an energy similar to the radiation from nuclear reactions.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Small","particle","accelerators","send","electrons","into","the","food","with","an","energy","similar","to","the","radiation","from","nuclear","reactions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Smorpians had the same idea, but bigger.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Smorpians","had","the","same","idea",",","but","bigger","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The main challenge with an electron beam is range.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","main","challenge","with","an","electron","beam","is","range","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Electrons are negatively charged particles, so they don't want to stay near each other.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Electrons","are","negatively","charged","particles",",","so","they","do","n't","want","to","stay","near","each","other","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"A regular electron beam will quickly spread out, making it harmless.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["A","regular","electron","beam","will","quickly","spread","out",",","making","it","harmless","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,13,31,32,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Smorpians needed to cover distances of dozens of light years.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Smorpians","needed","to","cover","distances","of","dozens","of","light","years","."],"tags":[1,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So, they've used the rules of the universe to trick the electrons by building an ultra-relativistic electron beam .","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":21,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So",",","they","'ve","used","the","rules","of","the","universe","to","trick","the","electrons","by","building","an","ultra","-","relativistic","electron","beam","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"What it does is accelerate the electrons to 99.999*998% of the speed of light, faster than even the most powerful cosmic rays.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":125,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":25,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","it","does","is","accelerate","the","electrons","to","99.999","*","998","%","of","the","speed","of","light",",","faster","than","even","the","most","powerful","cosmic","rays","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The closest something travels to the speed of light, the slower time moves for it relative to the rest of the universe.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["The","closest","something","travels","to","the","speed","of","light",",","the","slower","time","moves","for","it","relative","to","the","rest","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,1,25,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The biggest particle accelerator on Earth is 27 kilometers long.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","biggest","particle","accelerator","on","Earth","is","27","kilometers","long","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The Smorpians need one that's over 100,000 kilometers long, a megastructure eight times longer than Earth is wide.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","Smorpians","need","one","that","'s","over","100,000","kilometers","long",",","a","megastructure","eight","times","longer","than","Earth","is","wide","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's mostly a tube of magnets holding the beam together until the exit, like a long trumpet of doom surrounded by an aura of deadly radiation.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":140,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":27,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","mostly","a","tube","of","magnets","holding","the","beam","together","until","the","exit",",","like","a","long","trumpet","of","doom","surrounded","by","an","aura","of","deadly","radiation","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"When it's fired, it produces a ruler-straight lightning bolt pointed at Earth.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["When","it","'s","fired",",","it","produces","a","ruler","-","straight","lightning","bolt","pointed","at","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Its effects on arrival are less visible than the other weapons.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Its","effects","on","arrival","are","less","visible","than","the","other","weapons","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It doesn't destroy rocks, it destroys DNA.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","does","n't","destroy","rocks",",","it","destroys","DNA","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"People get dizzy, then fall sick as their cells are pierced by radiation.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["People","get","dizzy",",","then","fall","sick","as","their","cells","are","pierced","by","radiation","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"You might think that a deep bunker could save a few humans, but no.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","might","think","that","a","deep","bunker","could","save","a","few","humans",",","but","no","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The URUB is so penetrating that its effects accumulate to lethal doses even underground over days or weeks.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","URUB","is","so","penetrating","that","its","effects","accumulate","to","lethal","doses","even","underground","over","days","or","weeks","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In the end, just like our strawberries, Earth becomes sterile.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","just","like","our","strawberries",",","Earth","becomes","sterile","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Luckily, the Smorpians don't really exist, but others might.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Luckily",",","the","Smorpians","do","n't","really","exist",",","but","others","might","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,37,13,19,0,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"One major downside of all our weapons is that others around the Milky Way could see you firing them,","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["One","major","downside","of","all","our","weapons","is","that","others","around","the","Milky","Way","could","see","you","firing","them",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"the best course of action seems to be to stay relatively quiet for now and observe.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["the","best","course","of","action","seems","to","be","to","stay","relatively","quiet","for","now","and","observe","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,17,18,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Maybe one day we'll witness distant stars shooting at each other and be glad we stayed out of it.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":64,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":96,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Maybe","one","day","we","'ll","witness","distant","stars","shooting","at","each","other","and","be","glad","we","stayed","out","of","it","."],"tags":[13,13,14,1,15,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But we don't have to stay out of intergalactic fun.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","we","do","n't","have","to","stay","out","of","intergalactic","fun","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,17,18,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There's a peaceful way to join Type 2 civilizations on their galactic adventures.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","a","peaceful","way","to","join","Type","2","civilizations","on","their","galactic","adventures","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Look, it's the Galactic Club, a cozy corner in the vast universe reserved for friendly, quirky folk like you.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":108,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Look",",","it","'s","the","Galactic","Club",",","a","cozy","corner","in","the","vast","universe","reserved","for","friendly",",","quirky","folk","like","you","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Come in and don't worry.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Come","in","and","do","n't","worry","."],"tags":[19,35,0,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"We've got everything you need to fit right in.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'ve","got","everything","you","need","to","fit","right","in","."],"tags":[1,15,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's all part of our latest limited drop.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","all","part","of","our","latest","limited","drop","."],"tags":[1,21,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Kill your alien friends with kindness and impress them with these colorful patches and sweaters.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Kill","your","alien","friends","with","kindness","and","impress","them","with","these","colorful","patches","and","sweaters","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Wear these new iconic T-shirts that represent your love of stargazing and show allegiance to our ultimate overlord dad.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":117,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":20,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Wear","these","new","iconic","T","-","shirts","that","represent","your","love","of","stargazing","and","show","allegiance","to","our","ultimate","overlord","dad","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Like with our last limited drop, these items are available now until they sell out, and then never again.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Like","with","our","last","limited","drop",",","these","items","are","available","now","until","they","sell","out",",","and","then","never","again","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,13,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Pair them up with the 12,024 Cosmic Creations Calendar to have a beautiful daily reminder of potential alien civilizations.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Pair","them","up","with","the","12,024","Cosmic","Creations","Calendar","to","have","a","beautiful","daily","reminder","of","potential","alien","civilizations","."],"tags":[19,5,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All of our products are designed and produced with love and care by us here at Kurzgesagt.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","of","our","products","are","designed","and","produced","with","love","and","care","by","us","here","at","Kurzgesagt","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They are an integral part of the science story we try to tell.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","an","integral","part","of","the","science","story","we","try","to","tell","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So start your journey on our channel.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","start","your","journey","on","our","channel","."],"tags":[0,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And continue it with our posters, calendars, and plushes.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","continue","it","with","our","posters",",","calendars",",","and","plushes","."],"tags":[0,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Every purchase directly funds what we do on this channel.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Every","purchase","directly","funds","what","we","do","on","this","channel","."],"tags":[1,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Thank you so much for your support.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","for","your","support","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Join the Galactic Club now.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Join","the","Galactic","Club","now","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,13,0]}
{"text":"Overlord Duck is waiting.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Overlord","Duck","is","waiting","."],"tags":[1,2,15,27,0]}
{"text":"The 14 moons of Neptune are a strange bunch.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","14","moons","of","Neptune","are","a","strange","bunch","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"Some are so far away from Neptune that they need 29 years to circle Neptune once.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Some","are","so","far","away","from","Neptune","that","they","need","29","years","to","circle","Neptune","once","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Almost all of them are asteroids trapped by Neptune's gravity.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Almost","all","of","them","are","asteroids","trapped","by","Neptune","'s","gravity","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"99.5% of all the mass around Neptune is concentrated in Triton.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["99.5","%","of","all","the","mass","around","Neptune","is","concentrated","in","Triton","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
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{"text":"Also, Triton is one of only four objects in the solar system that we know is geologically active.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Also",",","Triton","is","one","of","only","four","objects","in","the","solar","system","that","we","know","is","geologically","active","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Triton orbits Neptune in the wrong direction, against the rotation of Neptune, which is unique in our solar system for an object as big as Triton.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":27,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Triton","orbits","Neptune","in","the","wrong","direction",",","against","the","rotation","of","Neptune",",","which","is","unique","in","our","solar","system","for","an","object","as","big","as","Triton","."],"tags":[1,25,5,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We can conclude from this that Triton hasn't always been a moon of Neptune,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","can","conclude","from","this","that","Triton","has","n't","always","been","a","moon","of","Neptune",","],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The most popular theory here is that Triton was once part of a double system.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","most","popular","theory","here","is","that","Triton","was","once","part","of","a","double","system","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"its gravity interfered with the double system and catapulted the other object into space, while Triton was forced into orbit.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":124,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["its","gravity","interfered","with","the","double","system","and","catapulted","the","other","object","into","space",",","while","Triton","was","forced","into","orbit","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This would have disrupted the orbits of other Neptune moons rather violently and would most likely have either pushed them away from Neptune or let them collide or crash into Neptune.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":182,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":30,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["This","would","have","disrupted","the","orbits","of","other","Neptune","moons","rather","violently","and","would","most","likely","have","either","pushed","them","away","from","Neptune","or","let","them","collide","or","crash","into","Neptune","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"This would explain why Neptune's moons are so dominated by Triton.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","would","explain","why","Neptune","'s","moons","are","so","dominated","by","Triton","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But this will end one day.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","this","will","end","one","day","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Triton is being slowed down by Neptune, and eventually it will either crash into it or be ground by Neptune's gravity into a huge ring system similar to Saturn's.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":161,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":31,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Triton","is","being","slowed","down","by","Neptune",",","and","eventually","it","will","either","crash","into","it","or","be","ground","by","Neptune","'s","gravity","into","a","huge","ring","system","similar","to","Saturn","'s","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,35,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So don't buy real estate on Triton.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","do","n't","buy","real","estate","on","Triton","."],"tags":[0,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Oh dear, just when you thought the Iraq problem was solved because you haven't heard about it for a while, everything's back to murderous chaos and terror.","spans":[{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":21,"token_start":3},{"end":117,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":119,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":117,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":154,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":120,"token_end":30,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["Oh","dear",",","just","when","you","thought","the","Iraq","problem","was","solved","because","you","have","n't","heard","about","it","for","a","while",",","everything","'s","back","to","murderous","chaos","and","terror","."],"tags":[0,0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"What happened?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["What","happened","?"],"tags":[1,23,0]}
{"text":"In 2003, the US invaded Iraq because of its alleged connections to terrorism and weapons of mass destruction.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","2003",",","the","US","invaded","Iraq","because","of","its","alleged","connections","to","terrorism","and","weapons","of","mass","destruction","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,23,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"At the time, Saddam Hussein, a brutal dictator, ruled the country.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["At","the","time",",","Saddam","Hussein",",","a","brutal","dictator",",","ruled","the","country","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,0,39,40,40,0,23,5,6,0]}
{"text":"He was part of the Sunni minority and suppressed the Shia majority.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["He","was","part","of","the","Sunni","minority","and","suppressed","the","Shia","majority","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Iraq was conquered fairly quickly, but the US had no plan for the country.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Iraq","was","conquered","fairly","quickly",",","but","the","US","had","no","plan","for","the","country","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The until-then-suppressed Shia majority took over and began oppressing the Sunnis because suppressing other faiths has proven to be such a good idea.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":26,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","until","-","then","-","suppressed","Shia","majority","took","over","and","began","oppressing","the","Sunnis","because","suppressing","other","faiths","has","proven","to","be","such","a","good","idea","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Unsurprisingly, a Sunni rebel uprising began and terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda trickled into Iraq and local forces, often former Sunni military,","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":24,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Unsurprisingly",",","a","Sunni","rebel","uprising","began","and","terrorist","groups","like","Al","-","Qaeda","trickled","into","Iraq","and","local","forces",",","often","former","Sunni","military",","],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,23,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Since then, people in Iraq have basically been segregated by religion.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Since","then",",","people","in","Iraq","have","basically","been","segregated","by","religion","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,15,13,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"So, in a tragic irony of history, the US invasion led to the formation of the very terrorists the US wanted to eliminate in the first place because Iraq was now the perfect training ground for terrorism.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":139,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":28,"token_start":13},{"end":202,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":140,"token_end":38,"token_start":29}],"tokens":["So",",","in","a","tragic","irony","of","history",",","the","US","invasion","led","to","the","formation","of","the","very","terrorists","the","US","wanted","to","eliminate","in","the","first","place","because","Iraq","was","now","the","perfect","training","ground","for","terrorism","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To understand this complicated conflict better, we need to understand the relationship between the two main branches of the Muslim faith, Shia and Sunni Islam.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":158,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":26,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["To","understand","this","complicated","conflict","better",",","we","need","to","understand","the","relationship","between","the","two","main","branches","of","the","Muslim","faith",",","Shia","and","Sunni","Islam","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Sunnis make up about 80% of the Muslim world and Shia about 20%.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Sunnis","make","up","about","80","%","of","the","Muslim","world","and","Shia","about","20","%","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And the hardliners on both sides don't like each other very much.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","the","hardliners","on","both","sides","do","n't","like","each","other","very","much","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Saudi Arabia and Iran are the two most powerful players in the game of faiths.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Saudi","Arabia","and","Iran","are","the","two","most","powerful","players","in","the","game","of","faiths","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They both have no separation of state and religion, domestic problems, and a lot of oil money.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","both","have","no","separation","of","state","and","religion",",","domestic","problems",",","and","a","lot","of","oil","money","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And they support groups that fight the other religious orientation.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","they","support","groups","that","fight","the","other","religious","orientation","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And one of those terror organizations supported by Saudi Arabia was the Islamic State in Iraq, or ISI for short.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":111,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","one","of","those","terror","organizations","supported","by","Saudi","Arabia","was","the","Islamic","State","in","Iraq",",","or","ISI","for","short","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In 2010, the Arab Spring happened and changed the whole situation in the Middle East.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":84,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","2010",",","the","Arab","Spring","happened","and","changed","the","whole","situation","in","the","Middle","East","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,23,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In Syria, dictator Bashar al-Assad didn't think much of resigning and started a gruesome civil war against his own people.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["In","Syria",",","dictator","Bashar","al","-","Assad","did","n't","think","much","of","resigning","and","started","a","gruesome","civil","war","against","his","own","people","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,13,35,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The longer the war went on, the more foreign groups joined the fight, most of them for religious reasons and with the goal of building an Islamic state in the region.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","longer","the","war","went","on",",","the","more","foreign","groups","joined","the","fight",",","most","of","them","for","religious","reasons","and","with","the","goal","of","building","an","Islamic","state","in","the","region","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,23,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And one of them was the infamous ISI, which now became the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, or ISIS.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","one","of","them","was","the","infamous","ISI",",","which","now","became","the","Islamic","State","in","Iraq","and","Syria",",","or","ISIS","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They had fought in Iraq for years and had thousands of well-trained and fanatic soldiers.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["They","had","fought","in","Iraq","for","years","and","had","thousands","of","well","-","trained","and","fanatic","soldiers","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They already quasi-controlled parts of northern Iraq and were very determined to build their religious state.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["They","already","quasi","-","controlled","parts","of","northern","Iraq","and","were","very","determined","to","build","their","religious","state","."],"tags":[1,13,23,24,24,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"And they changed the game in Syria like no one expected.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","they","changed","the","game","in","Syria","like","no","one","expected","."],"tags":[0,1,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"ISIS was so unbelievably violent and radical that soon it was at war with almost every other faction of the Syrian rebel armies.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":126,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["ISIS","was","so","unbelievably","violent","and","radical","that","soon","it","was","at","war","with","almost","every","other","faction","of","the","Syrian","rebel","armies","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"They attacked and killed members of other Muslim terrorist groups in the territories they controlled.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":18,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","attacked","and","killed","members","of","other","Muslim","terrorist","groups","in","the","territories","they","controlled","."],"tags":[1,23,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They built an Islamic state with rules so strict that even the hardliners of Al-Qaeda and Saudi Arabia were shocked and withdrew their support.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":25,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["They","built","an","Islamic","state","with","rules","so","strict","that","even","the","hardliners","of","Al","-","Qaeda","and","Saudi","Arabia","were","shocked","and","withdrew","their","support","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"ISIS has been accused of responsibility for multiple massacres against civilians, countless suicide bombings,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":108,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["ISIS","has","been","accused","of","responsibility","for","multiple","massacres","against","civilians",",","countless","suicide","bombings",","],"tags":[1,15,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"And this lovely gathering of human beings recently decided it was time to take more territory in Iraq.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":101,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","this","lovely","gathering","of","human","beings","recently","decided","it","was","time","to","take","more","territory","in","Iraq","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Since the US left Iraq, the Shia Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki has monopolized power and discriminated against Sunnis wherever possible.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":136,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":90,"token_end":22,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Since","the","US","left","Iraq",",","the","Shia","Prime","Minister","Nouri","al","-","Maliki","has","monopolized","power","and","discriminated","against","Sunnis","wherever","possible","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The government of Iraq is widely regarded as being corrupt, incapable, and it's certainly hated by a large part of its citizens.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":69,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","government","of","Iraq","is","widely","regarded","as","being","corrupt",",","incapable",",","and","it","'s","certainly","hated","by","a","large","part","of","its","citizens","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,13,29,33,34,34,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The Iraqi army, consisting of about 300,000 soldiers, was created using 25 billion US dollars in tax money,","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","Iraqi","army",",","consisting","of","about","300,000","soldiers",",","was","created","using","25","billion","US","dollars","in","tax","money",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"but it's not loyal to its government and has been withdrawing or completely disbanding, giving up city after city.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["but","it","'s","not","loyal","to","its","government","and","has","been","withdrawing","or","completely","disbanding",",","giving","up","city","after","city","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,11,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Because ISIS has announced that everyone who opposes them will be killed, they have proven they mean business.","spans":[{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Because","ISIS","has","announced","that","everyone","who","opposes","them","will","be","killed",",","they","have","proven","they","mean","business","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"By June 2014, they'd conquered a big chunk of Iraq, including Mosul, Iraq's second largest city.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["By","June","2014",",","they","'d","conquered","a","big","chunk","of","Iraq",",","including","Mosul",",","Iraq","'s","second","largest","city","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"They'd stolen hundreds of millions from captured banks, making them the richest terror organization on earth,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["They","'d","stolen","hundreds","of","millions","from","captured","banks",",","making","them","the","richest","terror","organization","on","earth",","],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"and they are constantly working on establishing a super medieval religious state.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["and","they","are","constantly","working","on","establishing","a","super","medieval","religious","state","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Iran and the US are even considering working together to fight them.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Iran","and","the","US","are","even","considering","working","together","to","fight","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,13,27,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"That's how gruesome the situation is.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","how","gruesome","the","situation","is","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Events in Iraq show again that exploiting the people you've defeated in a war, denying them power,","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Events","in","Iraq","show","again","that","exploiting","the","people","you","'ve","defeated","in","a","war",",","denying","them","power",","],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"a living and a stake in the rebuilding of the country, is just sowing the seeds of the next bout of violence.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["a","living","and","a","stake","in","the","rebuilding","of","the","country",",","is","just","sowing","the","seeds","of","the","next","bout","of","violence","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,13,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Somehow, we have to break this circle.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Somehow",",","we","have","to","break","this","circle","."],"tags":[13,0,1,17,18,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"At its height, the Roman Empire was home to about 30% of the world's population, and in many ways it was the pinnacle of human advancement.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":17,"token_start":8},{"end":138,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":85,"token_end":29,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["At","its","height",",","the","Roman","Empire","was","home","to","about","30","%","of","the","world","'s","population",",","and","in","many","ways","it","was","the","pinnacle","of","human","advancement","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Its citizens enjoyed the benefits of central heating, concrete, double glazing, banking, international trade, and upward social mobility.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":135,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":22,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Its","citizens","enjoyed","the","benefits","of","central","heating",",","concrete",",","double","glazing",",","banking",",","international","trade",",","and","upward","social","mobility","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Rome became the first city in history with one million inhabitants, and was a center of technological, legal, and economic progress.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Rome","became","the","first","city","in","history","with","one","million","inhabitants",",","and","was","a","center","of","technological",",","legal",",","and","economic","progress","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"First slowly, then suddenly, the most powerful civilization on earth collapsed.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":69,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["First","slowly",",","then","suddenly",",","the","most","powerful","civilization","on","earth","collapsed","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,23,0]}
{"text":"By civilization, we mean a complex society where labor is specialized and social classes emerge and which is ruled by institutions.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":129,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["By","civilization",",","we","mean","a","complex","society","where","labor","is","specialized","and","social","classes","emerge","and","which","is","ruled","by","institutions","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Civilizations share a dominant mutual language and culture, and domesticate plants and animals to feed and sustain large cities, where they often construct impressive monuments.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":176,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":26,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Civilizations","share","a","dominant","mutual","language","and","culture",",","and","domesticate","plants","and","animals","to","feed","and","sustain","large","cities",",","where","they","often","construct","impressive","monuments","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Civilization lets us become efficient on large scales, collect vast amounts of knowledge, and put human ingenuity and the natural resources of the world to work.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":160,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":27,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Civilization","lets","us","become","efficient","on","large","scales",",","collect","vast","amounts","of","knowledge",",","and","put","human","ingenuity","and","the","natural","resources","of","the","world","to","work","."],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Without civilization, most people would never have been born.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Without","civilization",",","most","people","would","never","have","been","born","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,37,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"Virtually all civilizations end, on average, after 340 years.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Virtually","all","civilizations","end",",","on","average",",","after","340","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,0,13,14,0,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Collapse is rarely nice for individuals.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Collapse","is","rarely","nice","for","individuals","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Their shared cultural identity is shattered as institutions lose the power to organize people.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Their","shared","cultural","identity","is","shattered","as","institutions","lose","the","power","to","organize","people","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Knowledge is lost, living standards fall, violence increases, and often the population declines.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Knowledge","is","lost",",","living","standards","fall",",","violence","increases",",","and","often","the","population","declines","."],"tags":[1,15,29,0,41,42,42,0,41,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Just as Europeans forgot how to build indoor plumbing and make cement, will we lose our industrial technology,","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":79,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Just","as","Europeans","forgot","how","to","build","indoor","plumbing","and","make","cement",",","will","we","lose","our","industrial","technology",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,15,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Can all this go away too?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Can","all","this","go","away","too","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,31,32,13,0]}
{"text":"Today our cities stretch for thousands of square kilometers, we travel the skies, our communication is instant.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Today","our","cities","stretch","for","thousands","of","square","kilometers",",","we","travel","the","skies",",","our","communication","is","instant","."],"tags":[13,1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Industrial agriculture with engineered high-yield plants, efficient machinery, and high-potency fertilizer feeds billions of people.","spans":[{"end":105,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":111,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":107,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":130,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":113,"token_end":20,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Industrial","agriculture","with","engineered","high","-","yield","plants",",","efficient","machinery",",","and","high","-","potency","fertilizer","feeds","billions","of","people","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Modern medicine gives us the longest lifespan we've ever had, while industrial technology gives us an unprecedented level of comfort and abundance,","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Modern","medicine","gives","us","the","longest","lifespan","we","'ve","ever","had",",","while","industrial","technology","gives","us","an","unprecedented","level","of","comfort","and","abundance",","],"tags":[1,2,25,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"even though we haven't yet learned to attain them without destroying our ecosphere.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["even","though","we","have","n't","yet","learned","to","attain","them","without","destroying","our","ecosphere","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,37,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There are arguably still different civilizations around today that compete and coexist with each other, but together they also form a singular global civilization.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":102,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":14,"token_start":4},{"end":162,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":108,"token_end":24,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["There","are","arguably","still","different","civilizations","around","today","that","compete","and","coexist","with","each","other",",","but","together","they","also","form","a","singular","global","civilization","."],"tags":[3,21,13,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But this modern globalized civilization is even more vulnerable in some ways than past empires because we are much more deeply interconnected.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["But","this","modern","globalized","civilization","is","even","more","vulnerable","in","some","ways","than","past","empires","because","we","are","much","more","deeply","interconnected","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A collapse of the industrialized world literally means that the majority of people alive today would perish since without industrial agriculture we would no longer be able to feed them.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":49,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":184,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":29,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","collapse","of","the","industrialized","world","literally","means","that","the","majority","of","people","alive","today","would","perish","since","without","industrial","agriculture","we","would","no","longer","be","able","to","feed","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And there's an even greater risk.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","'s","an","even","greater","risk","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"A global civilizational collapse could be an existential catastrophe, something that ruins not just the lives of everyone alive today,","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":132,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","global","civilizational","collapse","could","be","an","existential","catastrophe",",","something","that","ruins","not","just","the","lives","of","everyone","alive","today",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"All the knowledge we might have discovered, the art we might have created, the joys we might have experienced would be lost.","spans":[{"end":108,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":20,"token_start":0},{"end":114,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":110,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":117,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":116,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":122,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":119,"token_end":23,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["All","the","knowledge","we","might","have","discovered",",","the","art","we","might","have","created",",","the","joys","we","might","have","experienced","would","be","lost","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,0]}
{"text":"So how likely is all of this?","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","how","likely","is","all","of","this","?"],"tags":[0,11,12,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Let's start with some good news.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","start","with","some","good","news","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"While civilization collapses have happened regularly, none have ever derailed the course of global civilization.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["While","civilization","collapses","have","happened","regularly",",","none","have","ever","derailed","the","course","of","global","civilization","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Rome collapsed, but the Aksumite Empire, or the Tertiokans, and of course the Byzantine Empire carried on.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":20,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Rome","collapsed",",","but","the","Aksumite","Empire",",","or","the","Tertiokans",",","and","of","course","the","Byzantine","Empire","carried","on","."],"tags":[1,23,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So far we've not seen a catastrophe that has killed much more than 10% of the global population.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","far","we","'ve","not","seen","a","catastrophe","that","has","killed","much","more","than","10","%","of","the","global","population","."],"tags":[13,14,1,15,37,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The last clear example of a rapid global population decrease was the Black Death,","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","last","clear","example","of","a","rapid","global","population","decrease","was","the","Black","Death",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If any event was going to cause the collapse of civilization, that should have been it.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":82,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","any","event","was","going","to","cause","the","collapse","of","civilization",",","that","should","have","been","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"But even the Black Death demonstrates humanity's resilience more than its fragility.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","even","the","Black","Death","demonstrates","humanity","'s","resilience","more","than","its","fragility","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"the intense loss of human lives and suffering did little to negatively impact European economic and technological development in the long run.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":21,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["the","intense","loss","of","human","lives","and","suffering","did","little","to","negatively","impact","European","economic","and","technological","development","in","the","long","run","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Population size recovered within two centuries, and just two centuries later the Industrial Revolution began.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Population","size","recovered","within","two","centuries",",","and","just","two","centuries","later","the","Industrial","Revolution","began","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"History is full of incredible recoveries from horrible tragedies.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["History","is","full","of","incredible","recoveries","from","horrible","tragedies","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Take the atomic bombing of Hiroshima during World War II.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":9,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Take","the","atomic","bombing","of","Hiroshima","during","World","War","II","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"140,000 people were killed and 90% of the city was at least partially incinerated or reduced to rubble.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["140,000","people","were","killed","and","90","%","of","the","city","was","at","least","partially","incinerated","or","reduced","to","rubble","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But against all odds, they made a remarkable recovery.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","against","all","odds",",","they","made","a","remarkable","recovery","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Hiroshima's population recovered within a decade, and today it's a thriving city of 1.2 million people.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Hiroshima","'s","population","recovered","within","a","decade",",","and","today","it","'s","a","thriving","city","of","1.2","million","people","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"None of this made these horrible events any less horrible for those who lived through them.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":90,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["None","of","this","made","these","horrible","events","any","less","horrible","for","those","who","lived","through","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"But for us as a species, these signs of resilience are good news.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","for","us","as","a","species",",","these","signs","of","resilience","are","good","news","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Why recovery is likely, even in the worst case.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Why","recovery","is","likely",",","even","in","the","worst","case","."],"tags":[13,1,21,11,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"One thing that's different from historic collapses is that humanity now has unprecedented destructive power.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["One","thing","that","'s","different","from","historic","collapses","is","that","humanity","now","has","unprecedented","destructive","power","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Today's nuclear arsenals are so powerful that all-out global war could cause a nuclear winter and billions of deaths.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":115,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Today","'s","nuclear","arsenals","are","so","powerful","that","all","-","out","global","war","could","cause","a","nuclear","winter","and","billions","of","deaths","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Our knowledge of our own biology and how to manipulate it is getting so advanced that it's becoming possible to engineer viruses as contagious as the coronavirus and as deadly as Ebola.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":183,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":32,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Our","knowledge","of","our","own","biology","and","how","to","manipulate","it","is","getting","so","advanced","that","it","'s","becoming","possible","to","engineer","viruses","as","contagious","as","the","coronavirus","and","as","deadly","as","Ebola","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Increasingly, the risk of global pandemics is much higher than in the past.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Increasingly",",","the","risk","of","global","pandemics","is","much","higher","than","in","the","past","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So we may cause a collapse ourselves, and it might be much worse than the things nature has thrown at us so far.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","we","may","cause","a","collapse","ourselves",",","and","it","might","be","much","worse","than","the","things","nature","has","thrown","at","us","so","far","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But if, say, 99% of the population died, would global civilization collapse forever?","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","if",",","say",",","99","%","of","the","population","died",",","would","global","civilization","collapse","forever","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,15,1,2,19,13,0]}
{"text":"Could we recover from such a tragedy?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Could","we","recover","from","such","a","tragedy","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We have some reasons to be optimistic.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","some","reasons","to","be","optimistic","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's start with food.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","start","with","food","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,0]}
{"text":"There are 1 billion agricultural workers today, so even if the global population fell to just 80 million, it's virtually guaranteed that many survivors would know how to produce food.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":182,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":32,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["There","are","1","billion","agricultural","workers","today",",","so","even","if","the","global","population","fell","to","just","80","million",",","it","'s","virtually","guaranteed","that","many","survivors","would","know","how","to","produce","food","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And we don't need to start at square one, because we could still use modern high-yield crops.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","we","do","n't","need","to","start","at","square","one",",","because","we","could","still","use","modern","high","-","yield","crops","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Maize is 10 times bigger than its wild ancestor.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Maize","is","10","times","bigger","than","its","wild","ancestor","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Ancient tomatoes were the size of today's peas.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Ancient","tomatoes","were","the","size","of","today","'s","peas","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"After agriculture, the next step towards recovery would be rebuilding industrial capacity, like power grids and automated manufacturing.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":135,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["After","agriculture",",","the","next","step","towards","recovery","would","be","rebuilding","industrial","capacity",",","like","power","grids","and","automated","manufacturing","."],"tags":[13,14,0,11,12,12,12,12,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"A huge problem is that our economies of scale make it impossible to just pick up where we left off.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","huge","problem","is","that","our","economies","of","scale","make","it","impossible","to","just","pick","up","where","we","left","off","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Many of our high-tech industries are only functional because of huge demand and intensely interconnected supply chains across different continents.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":21,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Many","of","our","high","-","tech","industries","are","only","functional","because","of","huge","demand","and","intensely","interconnected","supply","chains","across","different","continents","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even if our infrastructure were left unharmed, we would make huge steps backwards technologically.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":97,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Even","if","our","infrastructure","were","left","unharmed",",","we","would","make","huge","steps","backwards","technologically","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,33,34,0]}
{"text":"But then again, we are thinking in larger timeframes.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","then","again",",","we","are","thinking","in","larger","timeframes","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,15,27,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Reconstruction originally happened 12,000 years after the agricultural revolution.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":26,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Reconstruction","originally","happened","12,000","years","after","the","agricultural","revolution","."],"tags":[1,13,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So if we need to start over after a massive collapse, it shouldn't be that hard to reindustrialize, at least on evolutionary timescales.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":66,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":69,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":19,"token_start":18},{"end":135,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":25,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["So","if","we","need","to","start","over","after","a","massive","collapse",",","it","should","n't","be","that","hard","to","reindustrialize",",","at","least","on","evolutionary","timescales","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,37,21,11,12,1,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There's a hitch, though.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["There","'s","a","hitch",",","though","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,0,13,0]}
{"text":"The industrial revolution was fueled literally by burning easily accessible coal, and we are still very much reliant on it.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":86,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","industrial","revolution","was","fueled","literally","by","burning","easily","accessible","coal",",","and","we","are","still","very","much","reliant","on","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If we use it all up today, aside from making rapid climate change much worse, we could hinder our ability to recover from a huge crisis.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":15,"token_start":8},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":87,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":134,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":27,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","we","use","it","all","up","today",",","aside","from","making","rapid","climate","change","much","worse",",","we","could","hinder","our","ability","to","recover","from","a","huge","crisis","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So we should stop using easy-to-access coal so it can serve as a civilization insurance in case something bad happens.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":117,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","we","should","stop","using","easy","-","to","-","access","coal","so","it","can","serve","as","a","civilization","insurance","in","case","something","bad","happens","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Another thing that makes recovery likely is that we'd probably have most of the information we need to rebuild civilization.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":122,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Another","thing","that","makes","recovery","likely","is","that","we","'d","probably","have","most","of","the","information","we","need","to","rebuild","civilization","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We would certainly lose a lot of crucial institutional knowledge, especially on hard drives that nobody could read or operate anymore.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","would","certainly","lose","a","lot","of","crucial","institutional","knowledge",",","especially","on","hard","drives","that","nobody","could","read","or","operate","anymore","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But a lot of the technological, scientific, and cultural knowledge stored in the world's 2.6 million libraries would survive the catastrophe.","spans":[{"end":110,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":19,"token_start":1},{"end":116,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":111,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":124,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":117,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":140,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":125,"token_end":23,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["But","a","lot","of","the","technological",",","scientific",",","and","cultural","knowledge","stored","in","the","world","'s","2.6","million","libraries","would","survive","the","catastrophe","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"The post-collapse survivors would know what used to be possible, and they could reverse-engineer some of the tools and machines they'd find.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":139,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":27,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","post","-","collapse","survivors","would","know","what","used","to","be","possible",",","and","they","could","reverse","-","engineer","some","of","the","tools","and","machines","they","'d","find","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"In conclusion, despite the bleak prospect of catastrophic threats, natural or created by ourselves, there is reason for optimism.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":15,"token_start":3},{"end":105,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":108,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":106,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":128,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":21,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["In","conclusion",",","despite","the","bleak","prospect","of","catastrophic","threats",",","natural","or","created","by","ourselves",",","there","is","reason","for","optimism","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Humankind is remarkably resilient, and even in the case of a global civilizational collapse, it seems likely that we would be able to recover.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":141,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":25,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Humankind","is","remarkably","resilient",",","and","even","in","the","case","of","a","global","civilizational","collapse",",","it","seems","likely","that","we","would","be","able","to","recover","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Even if we lost cultural and technological achievements in the process.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Even","if","we","lost","cultural","and","technological","achievements","in","the","process","."],"tags":[0,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But given the stakes, the risks are still unnervingly high.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","given","the","stakes",",","the","risks","are","still","unnervingly","high","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Nuclear war and dangerous pandemics threaten the amazing global civilization we have built.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Nuclear","war","and","dangerous","pandemics","threaten","the","amazing","global","civilization","we","have","built","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Humanity is like a teenager, speeding around blind corners, drunk without a seatbelt.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Humanity","is","like","a","teenager",",","speeding","around","blind","corners",",","drunk","without","a","seatbelt","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The good news is that it's still early enough to prepare for and to mitigate these risks.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","good","news","is","that","it","'s","still","early","enough","to","prepare","for","and","to","mitigate","these","risks","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We just need to actually do it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","just","need","to","actually","do","it","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We made this video together with Will McCaskill, a professor of philosophy at Oxford and one of the founders of the Affective Altruism Movement,","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":142,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":24,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","made","this","video","together","with","Will","McCaskill",",","a","professor","of","philosophy","at","Oxford","and","one","of","the","founders","of","the","Affective","Altruism","Movement",","],"tags":[1,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Will just published a new book called What We Owe the Future, which is about how you can positively impact the long-term future of our world.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":139,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":28,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Will","just","published","a","new","book","called","What","We","Owe","the","Future",",","which","is","about","how","you","can","positively","impact","the","long","-","term","future","of","our","world","."],"tags":[1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you like Kurzgesagt videos, the chances are high you'll like it.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","you","like","Kurzgesagt","videos",",","the","chances","are","high","you","'ll","like","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"The book has some pretty counterintuitive arguments, like that risks from new technologies such as AI and synthetic biology are at least as grave as those from climate change.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":173,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":29,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","book","has","some","pretty","counterintuitive","arguments",",","like","that","risks","from","new","technologies","such","as","AI","and","synthetic","biology","are","at","least","as","grave","as","those","from","climate","change","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Or that the world doesn't contain too many people, but too few.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Or","that","the","world","does","n't","contain","too","many","people",",","but","too","few","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And especially that everyday actions like recycling or refusing to fly just aren't that big a deal compared to where you donate or what career you pursue.","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":79,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":82,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":17,"token_start":14},{"end":153,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":27,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["And","especially","that","everyday","actions","like","recycling","or","refusing","to","fly","just","are","n't","that","big","a","deal","compared","to","where","you","donate","or","what","career","you","pursue","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,21,37,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Most importantly, it argues that by acting wisely, you can help make tomorrow better than today.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Most","importantly",",","it","argues","that","by","acting","wisely",",","you","can","help","make","tomorrow","better","than","today","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And how we together can build a flourishing world for the thousands or millions of generations that will come after us.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","how","we","together","can","build","a","flourishing","world","for","the","thousands","or","millions","of","generations","that","will","come","after","us","."],"tags":[0,13,1,13,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Many things we at Kurzgesagt talk about regularly are discussed here in much greater detail.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Many","things","we","at","Kurzgesagt","talk","about","regularly","are","discussed","here","in","much","greater","detail","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Check out What We Owe the Future wherever you get your books or audiobooks.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Check","out","What","We","Owe","the","Future","wherever","you","get","your","books","or","audiobooks","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Did we manage to unlock a new fear for you?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Did","we","manage","to","unlock","a","new","fear","for","you","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let's counter existential dread with appreciation for humanity.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","counter","existential","dread","with","appreciation","for","humanity","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Look how far we've come as a species, what we've built and where we've gathered.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":18,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Look","how","far","we","'ve","come","as","a","species",",","what","we","'ve","built","and","where","we","'ve","gathered","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Let this new world map poster be a reminder of what we can achieve.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Let","this","new","world","map","poster","be","a","reminder","of","what","we","can","achieve","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Until recently, the vast majority of the world population worked on farms,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Until","recently",",","the","vast","majority","of","the","world","population","worked","on","farms",","],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,0]}
{"text":"and the total production of the world's economy was mostly the total agricultural output.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["and","the","total","production","of","the","world","'s","economy","was","mostly","the","total","agricultural","output","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And this output was limited by the fixed size of the land.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","this","output","was","limited","by","the","fixed","size","of","the","land","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The total output of the economy did not change a lot year by year.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","total","output","of","the","economy","did","not","change","a","lot","year","by","year","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,13,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The size of the pie was fixed.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","size","of","the","pie","was","fixed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,0]}
{"text":"The world was a zero-sum game.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","world","was","a","zero","-","sum","game","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"In such a stagnating world, the only way to get better off is if someone else gets worse off.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","such","a","stagnating","world",",","the","only","way","to","get","better","off","is","if","someone","else","gets","worse","off","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you take a bigger piece of the pie, someone else's gets smaller.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","take","a","bigger","piece","of","the","pie",",","someone","else","'s","gets","smaller","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"If you want more food, then conquering, plundering and stealing are great strategies.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","want","more","food",",","then","conquering",",","plundering","and","stealing","are","great","strategies","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Your neighbor's loss is your gain.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Your","neighbor","'s","loss","is","your","gain","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"This was the state of things for thousands of years.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["This","was","the","state","of","things","for","thousands","of","years","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Societies invaded each other constantly to get more pie.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Societies","invaded","each","other","constantly","to","get","more","pie","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Economic inequality was extreme.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Economic","inequality","was","extreme","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0]}
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{"text":"Then the Industrial Revolution happened, and everything changed.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":63,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Then","the","Industrial","Revolution","happened",",","and","everything","changed","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,23,0,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"We developed machinery, better crops, better fertilizers.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","developed","machinery",",","better","crops",",","better","fertilizers","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Agricultural output skyrocketed.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Agricultural","output","skyrocketed","."],"tags":[1,2,23,0]}
{"text":"But we didn't just produce more food.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","we","did","n't","just","produce","more","food","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,13,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Every industrial sector exploded in terms of productivity.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Every","industrial","sector","exploded","in","terms","of","productivity","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"From 1700 to 1870, the production of iron in Britain increased 137-fold.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["From","1700","to","1870",",","the","production","of","iron","in","Britain","increased","137","-","fold","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The Industrial Revolution led to a previously unimaginable increase in economic output.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","Industrial","Revolution","led","to","a","previously","unimaginable","increase","in","economic","output","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This altered the nature of our societies.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","altered","the","nature","of","our","societies","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
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{"text":"We had found a way to create a bigger pie.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","had","found","a","way","to","create","a","bigger","pie","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"More people could have more at the same time.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["More","people","could","have","more","at","the","same","time","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This development is spreading and continuing today.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","development","is","spreading","and","continuing","today","."],"tags":[1,2,15,27,0,41,42,0]}
{"text":"Antibiotics kill bacteria.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Antibiotics","kill","bacteria","."],"tags":[1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Power plants deliver energy.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Power","plants","deliver","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Cell phones connect us.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Cell","phones","connect","us","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Planes let us travel cheaply.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Planes","let","us","travel","cheaply","."],"tags":[1,23,5,33,34,0]}
{"text":"Fridges store food.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Fridges","store","food","."],"tags":[1,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Continuous progress in all sectors of the economy seems normal to us today.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Continuous","progress","in","all","sectors","of","the","economy","seems","normal","to","us","today","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,13,14,13,0]}
{"text":"But the change from stagnation to economic growth really was the most drastic shift in human history.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","the","change","from","stagnation","to","economic","growth","really","was","the","most","drastic","shift","in","human","history","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"How was this possible?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["How","was","this","possible","?"],"tags":[13,21,1,11,0]}
{"text":"At the very core of this massive transformation stand new ideas that lead to innovation.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["At","the","very","core","of","this","massive","transformation","stand","new","ideas","that","lead","to","innovation","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Innovation has many different definitions.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Innovation","has","many","different","definitions","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But in the context of this video, we mean better solutions to existing problems and solutions to problems we didn't know we had.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":127,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","in","the","context","of","this","video",",","we","mean","better","solutions","to","existing","problems","and","solutions","to","problems","we","did","n't","know","we","had","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The more you innovate, the more complex and interesting problems you discover as your wishes and needs evolve.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":69,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","more","you","innovate",",","the","more","complex","and","interesting","problems","you","discover","as","your","wishes","and","needs","evolve","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,5,6,6,6,6,6,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The average citizen in Norway 250 years ago might have wanted some really good shoes.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","average","citizen","in","Norway","250","years","ago","might","have","wanted","some","really","good","shoes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Once we get what we want, we don't stop.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":33,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Once","we","get","what","we","want",",","we","do","n't","stop","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,0]}
{"text":"We can see how we can improve things even more and how to make things even better.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","can","see","how","we","can","improve","things","even","more","and","how","to","make","things","even","better","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The new positive-sum world has existed for 0.1% of human history and we have yet to get used to it.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","new","positive","-","sum","world","has","existed","for","0.1","%","of","human","history","and","we","have","yet","to","get","used","to","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It has a consequence that feels really unintuitive.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","has","a","consequence","that","feels","really","unintuitive","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In a positive-sum world, it's in your personal, selfish, best interest that every human on planet Earth is well-off.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":16,"token_start":9},{"end":115,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":26,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["In","a","positive","-","sum","world",",","it","'s","in","your","personal",",","selfish",",","best","interest","that","every","human","on","planet","Earth","is","well","-","off","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It's good for you if people in obscure parts of countries you've never heard of are prospering.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","'s","good","for","you","if","people","in","obscure","parts","of","countries","you","'ve","never","heard","of","are","prospering","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There is a genuine, selfish argument for making the world a better place.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","a","genuine",",","selfish","argument","for","making","the","world","a","better","place","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"In a positive-sum world, the more people are well-off, the better your own life is.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":19,"token_start":17},{"end":82,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":20,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["In","a","positive","-","sum","world",",","the","more","people","are","well","-","off",",","the","better","your","own","life","is","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,1,2,2,21,0]}
{"text":"This is because of the nature of innovation.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","because","of","the","nature","of","innovation","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It is fundamentally driven by supply and demand.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","is","fundamentally","driven","by","supply","and","demand","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The supply increases when more people have the freedom and education to contribute.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","supply","increases","when","more","people","have","the","freedom","and","education","to","contribute","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They become inventors, researchers, engineers or thinkers that come up with new ideas.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","become","inventors",",","researchers",",","engineers","or","thinkers","that","come","up","with","new","ideas","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The demand for ideas increases as people get richer and can pay for new solutions.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","demand","for","ideas","increases","as","people","get","richer","and","can","pay","for","new","solutions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They increase the size of the market for innovations.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","increase","the","size","of","the","market","for","innovations","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Innovation follows incentives.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Innovation","follows","incentives","."],"tags":[1,25,5,0]}
{"text":"So naturally, if many people want and can pay for something, it will get the innovators' attention and energy.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":69,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":21,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So","naturally",",","if","many","people","want","and","can","pay","for","something",",","it","will","get","the","innovators","'","attention","and","energy","."],"tags":[0,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Improving the lives of those who are worst off has a multiplying effect.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Improving","the","lives","of","those","who","are","worst","off","has","a","multiplying","effect","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It increases demand for ideas while at the same time making it easier for ideas to be produced.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","increases","demand","for","ideas","while","at","the","same","time","making","it","easier","for","ideas","to","be","produced","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let's take an example that interests all of us, a cure for cancer.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","take","an","example","that","interests","all","of","us",",","a","cure","for","cancer","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"If there are 1 billion people in the world that have the wealth to pay for cancer treatments, innovation will follow this demand.","spans":[{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":103,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":108,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":105,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":115,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":110,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":127,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":117,"token_end":23,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["If","there","are","1","billion","people","in","the","world","that","have","the","wealth","to","pay","for","cancer","treatments",",","innovation","will","follow","this","demand","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"So hundreds of billions of dollars have been invested in medical research.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","hundreds","of","billions","of","dollars","have","been","invested","in","medical","research","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This had a huge effect, but we're still nowhere near to curing all forms of cancer.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","had","a","huge","effect",",","but","we","'re","still","nowhere","near","to","curing","all","forms","of","cancer","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Today, every sixth person in the world dies of cancer, and you might be one of them.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Today",",","every","sixth","person","in","the","world","dies","of","cancer",",","and","you","might","be","one","of","them","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Now imagine if demand were higher.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Now","imagine","if","demand","were","higher","."],"tags":[13,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Imagine instead of 1 billion people being able to pay for a cure for cancer, there were 4 billion or 7 billion.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":22,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","instead","of","1","billion","people","being","able","to","pay","for","a","cure","for","cancer",",","there","were","4","billion","or","7","billion","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Imagine how far medicine could have developed if we'd invested seven times as much in curing cancer.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":17,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","how","far","medicine","could","have","developed","if","we","'d","invested","seven","times","as","much","in","curing","cancer","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"On top of that, there's so much human potential being wasted right now.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","top","of","that",",","there","'s","so","much","human","potential","being","wasted","right","now","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The work of a poor farmer in a developing nation is not useful to you.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":54,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","work","of","a","poor","farmer","in","a","developing","nation","is","not","useful","to","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But if he becomes better off, his children might spend their time in university developing things that are useful to you.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":120,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["But","if","he","becomes","better","off",",","his","children","might","spend","their","time","in","university","developing","things","that","are","useful","to","you","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Instead of having some hotspots of innovation in the developed world, we would have many hotspots all over the world.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":115,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Instead","of","having","some","hotspots","of","innovation","in","the","developed","world",",","we","would","have","many","hotspots","all","over","the","world","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The research output of humanity would be many times what it is right now.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","research","output","of","humanity","would","be","many","times","what","it","is","right","now","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Could we have cured cancer by now if that were the case?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Could","we","have","cured","cancer","by","now","if","that","were","the","case","?"],"tags":[15,1,15,29,5,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"and a global network of medical research, things would certainly be further ahead than they are now.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["and","a","global","network","of","medical","research",",","things","would","certainly","be","further","ahead","than","they","are","now","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,15,11,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And this is the core of the argument.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","this","is","the","core","of","the","argument","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The more people want the same thing that you want, the more likely you are to get it.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":74,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["The","more","people","want","the","same","thing","that","you","want",",","the","more","likely","you","are","to","get","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"That is what it means to live in a positive-sum world.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","is","what","it","means","to","live","in","a","positive","-","sum","world","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"You don't gain more pie if poor places stay poor.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["You","do","n't","gain","more","pie","if","poor","places","stay","poor","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Instead, you get more pie if poor places get richer, contribute ideas, and grow the global pie.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Instead",",","you","get","more","pie","if","poor","places","get","richer",",","contribute","ideas",",","and","grow","the","global","pie","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Do you like space travel?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Do","you","like","space","travel","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Imagine there were billions of people in Africa and Asia with their own space programs,","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","there","were","billions","of","people","in","Africa","and","Asia","with","their","own","space","programs",","],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Do you like being alive?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Do","you","like","being","alive","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"A few billion people paying for medical research could literally save your life.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":65,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["A","few","billion","people","paying","for","medical","research","could","literally","save","your","life","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"It's in your interest for people around the world to become better off.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","'s","in","your","interest","for","people","around","the","world","to","become","better","off","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"No matter what your motivation is, working on a better world is a very good thing to do.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["No","matter","what","your","motivation","is",",","working","on","a","better","world","is","a","very","good","thing","to","do","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This video was a collaboration with Max Rosa and Our World in Data,","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","video","was","a","collaboration","with","Max","Rosa","and","Our","World","in","Data",","],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"you can support us on Patreon or get some of our fancy posters.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["you","can","support","us","on","Patreon","or","get","some","of","our","fancy","posters","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Thank you.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Thank","you","."],"tags":[19,5,0]}
{"text":"Climate change is just too much.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Climate","change","is","just","too","much","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There's never any good news, only graphs that get more and more red and angry.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","'s","never","any","good","news",",","only","graphs","that","get","more","and","more","red","and","angry","."],"tags":[3,21,37,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Almost every year breaks some horrible record,","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Almost","every","year","breaks","some","horrible","record",","],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's endless and relentless.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","endless","and","relentless","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We've known for decades that rapid climate change is being caused by the release of greenhouse gases.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","'ve","known","for","decades","that","rapid","climate","change","is","being","caused","by","the","release","of","greenhouse","gases","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But instead of reducing them, in 2019, the world was emitting 50% more CO2 than in the year 2000.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","instead","of","reducing","them",",","in","2019",",","the","world","was","emitting","50","%","more","CO2","than","in","the","year","2000","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,0,1,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And emissions are still rising.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","emissions","are","still","rising","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,27,0]}
{"text":"Why is that?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Why","is","that","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,0]}
{"text":"Why is it so hard to just stop emitting these gases?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Why","is","it","so","hard","to","just","stop","emitting","these","gases","?"],"tags":[13,21,3,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Our collective CO2 emissions can be expressed as a product of four factors and their relationship with each other.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":113,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Our","collective","CO2","emissions","can","be","expressed","as","a","product","of","four","factors","and","their","relationship","with","each","other","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Two of them explain why worldwide CO2 emissions are still rising and two explain how we can stop that.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Two","of","them","explain","why","worldwide","CO2","emissions","are","still","rising","and","two","explain","how","we","can","stop","that","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"People need food, homes and clothing.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["People","need","food",",","homes","and","clothing","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And they demand luxury products from iPhones to $1 cheeseburgers.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","they","demand","luxury","products","from","iPhones","to","$","1","cheeseburgers","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's a very simple equation.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","very","simple","equation","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The global population is growing and according to the UN, it will level off at about 11 billion in 2100, which is 40% more than today.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":133,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":28,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","global","population","is","growing","and","according","to","the","UN",",","it","will","level","off","at","about","11","billion","in","2100",",","which","is","40","%","more","than","today","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,27,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"The only way to slow down this growth is investment in healthcare and access to contraception and education in developing countries.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":130,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","only","way","to","slow","down","this","growth","is","investment","in","healthcare","and","access","to","contraception","and","education","in","developing","countries","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But even with massive investment, it will take a few decades for the effects of lower birth rates to manifest themselves.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","even","with","massive","investment",",","it","will","take","a","few","decades","for","the","effects","of","lower","birth","rates","to","manifest","themselves","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So the global population will keep growing for the foreseeable future and as a consequence, global CO2 emissions will rise over the next few decades.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","the","global","population","will","keep","growing","for","the","foreseeable","future","and","as","a","consequence",",","global","CO2","emissions","will","rise","over","the","next","few","decades","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But it's not just about our numbers.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","not","just","about","our","numbers","."],"tags":[0,1,21,37,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The richer and more developed we are, the more emissions our lifestyle produces.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","richer","and","more","developed","we","are",",","the","more","emissions","our","lifestyle","produces","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,5,6,6,1,2,25,0]}
{"text":"A programmer in the US has a higher CO2 footprint than 50 farmers in Uganda.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","programmer","in","the","US","has","a","higher","CO2","footprint","than","50","farmers","in","Uganda","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The world's wealth is growing almost everywhere.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","world","'s","wealth","is","growing","almost","everywhere","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,27,13,14,0]}
{"text":"And although it's far from evenly distributed, economic growth has led to the highest standards of living and the largest reduction in extreme poverty in human history.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":167,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":28,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["And","although","it","'s","far","from","evenly","distributed",",","economic","growth","has","led","to","the","highest","standards","of","living","and","the","largest","reduction","in","extreme","poverty","in","human","history","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Growth has become the dominant mantra of the world's economies, no matter what kind of political system they have.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Growth","has","become","the","dominant","mantra","of","the","world","'s","economies",",","no","matter","what","kind","of","political","system","they","have","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"It's unlikely that rich countries will give up the concept of growth anytime soon.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","unlikely","that","rich","countries","will","give","up","the","concept","of","growth","anytime","soon","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But even if they were to, developing countries want to become rich too.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","even","if","they","were","to",",","developing","countries","want","to","become","rich","too","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"For billions of people, the end of growth would probably mean staying poor and so developing countries are not willing to stop growing their economies.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":77,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":150,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":26,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["For","billions","of","people",",","the","end","of","growth","would","probably","mean","staying","poor","and","so","developing","countries","are","not","willing","to","stop","growing","their","economies","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,13,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"All in all, we can be sure that growth as a guiding economic ideology is not going to go away anytime soon.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","in","all",",","we","can","be","sure","that","growth","as","a","guiding","economic","ideology","is","not","going","to","go","away","anytime","soon","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"More countries and their citizens around the world will grow and become richer, while the rich economies will continue to grow their wealth.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":138,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["More","countries","and","their","citizens","around","the","world","will","grow","and","become","richer",",","while","the","rich","economies","will","continue","to","grow","their","wealth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"There are some signs that growth can be decoupled from CO2 emissions, but we're not close to that yet.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["There","are","some","signs","that","growth","can","be","decoupled","from","CO2","emissions",",","but","we","'re","not","close","to","that","yet","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"As a consequence of this growth, CO2 emissions will rise.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["As","a","consequence","of","this","growth",",","CO2","emissions","will","rise","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"Okay, so far we've learned that because of population growth and economic growth, humanity's CO2 emissions will increase, which is the opposite of what should be happening.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":171,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":31,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Okay",",","so","far","we","'ve","learned","that","because","of","population","growth","and","economic","growth",",","humanity","'s","CO2","emissions","will","increase",",","which","is","the","opposite","of","what","should","be","happening","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We need to slow, peak and then reduce annual emissions.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","to","slow",",","peak","and","then","reduce","annual","emissions","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The next two factors describe how we can actually do this.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","next","two","factors","describe","how","we","can","actually","do","this","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Energy intensity describes how efficiently we use energy.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Energy","intensity","describes","how","efficiently","we","use","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A street food vendor in rural Brazil might burn coal to cook, while a street food vendor in France might use an induction stove powered by nuclear energy.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":152,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":28,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["A","street","food","vendor","in","rural","Brazil","might","burn","coal","to","cook",",","while","a","street","food","vendor","in","France","might","use","an","induction","stove","powered","by","nuclear","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The latter is way more efficient.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","latter","is","way","more","efficient","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The more efficient something is, the less energy we need to do something.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","more","efficient","something","is",",","the","less","energy","we","need","to","do","something","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,5,6,6,1,19,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So making our technology more efficient and coming up with more efficient ways to organize our societies is one of the most important ways to reduce the modern world's CO2 dependency.","spans":[{"end":104,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":16,"token_start":1},{"end":107,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":105,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":182,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":108,"token_end":31,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["So","making","our","technology","more","efficient","and","coming","up","with","more","efficient","ways","to","organize","our","societies","is","one","of","the","most","important","ways","to","reduce","the","modern","world","'s","CO2","dependency","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"This can mean everything from reducing power consumption with AI, the electrification of the transportation and industrial sectors, or sustainable concrete production.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":165,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":23,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","can","mean","everything","from","reducing","power","consumption","with","AI",",","the","electrification","of","the","transportation","and","industrial","sectors",",","or","sustainable","concrete","production","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The opportunities for improvement are almost limitless, and human ingenuity can run wild.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","opportunities","for","improvement","are","almost","limitless",",","and","human","ingenuity","can","run","wild","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But we know that increasing efficiency alone will not be enough, mostly for three reasons.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","we","know","that","increasing","efficiency","alone","will","not","be","enough",",","mostly","for","three","reasons","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This means that once something becomes more efficient, it's used more, and so overall the increased efficiency does not lead to a reduction as impressive as you would first think.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":178,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":32,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["This","means","that","once","something","becomes","more","efficient",",","it","'s","used","more",",","and","so","overall","the","increased","efficiency","does","not","lead","to","a","reduction","as","impressive","as","you","would","first","think","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Or worse, sometimes more efficiency makes humans not use less of a resource, but more of it.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":91,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Or","worse",",","sometimes","more","efficiency","makes","humans","not","use","less","of","a","resource",",","but","more","of","it","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,1,2,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"When planes became more fuel efficient, ticket prices decreased, and more people started to travel by plane.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["When","planes","became","more","fuel","efficient",",","ticket","prices","decreased",",","and","more","people","started","to","travel","by","plane","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So making things more efficient does not automatically mean less energy use in total.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","making","things","more","efficient","does","not","automatically","mean","less","energy","use","in","total","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,37,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It might have the opposite effect.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","might","have","the","opposite","effect","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Sometimes when you save money on a thing that's become more efficient, you might spend it elsewhere.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":81,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":18,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Sometimes","when","you","save","money","on","a","thing","that","'s","become","more","efficient",",","you","might","spend","it","elsewhere","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,13,0]}
{"text":"For example, if you buy a more fuel efficient car, you save money on fuel and end up with extra funds in your bank account that you might spend on a vacation and take a flight with.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":180,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":38,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["For","example",",","if","you","buy","a","more","fuel","efficient","car",",","you","save","money","on","fuel","and","end","up","with","extra","funds","in","your","bank","account","that","you","might","spend","on","a","vacation","and","take","a","flight","with","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"So in the end, you might actually emit more CO2, despite getting a more efficient car.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","in","the","end",",","you","might","actually","emit","more","CO2",",","despite","getting","a","more","efficient","car","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Three, and lastly, the more you optimize for efficiency, the harder and more expensive it becomes to get more efficient.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":89,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":97,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":90,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":119,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":22,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Three",",","and","lastly",",","the","more","you","optimize","for","efficiency",",","the","harder","and","more","expensive","it","becomes","to","get","more","efficient","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,12,12,3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"So over time, the return on investment slows down.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","over","time",",","the","return","on","investment","slows","down","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,2,2,31,32,0]}
{"text":"And with many technologies, we are already pretty efficient.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","with","many","technologies",",","we","are","already","pretty","efficient","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,0]}
{"text":"But regardless of how efficient we make our economies, as long as we need at least some energy, we will have emissions.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":18,"token_start":10},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":103,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":99,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":108,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":104,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":23,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["But","regardless","of","how","efficient","we","make","our","economies",",","as","long","as","we","need","at","least","some","energy",",","we","will","have","emissions","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Efficiency alone won't create a zero-carbon world.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Efficiency","alone","wo","n't","create","a","zero","-","carbon","world","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This brings us to our last factor.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","brings","us","to","our","last","factor","."],"tags":[1,25,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Humanity's global carbon footprint is the CO2 released per energy unit generated.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Humanity","'s","global","carbon","footprint","is","the","CO2","released","per","energy","unit","generated","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"For example, coal plants release much, much more CO2 than solar power per unit of energy.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["For","example",",","coal","plants","release","much",",","much","more","CO2","than","solar","power","per","unit","of","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This relationship is crystal clear.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","relationship","is","crystal","clear","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Fossil fuels are the greatest lever humanity has right now.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Fossil","fuels","are","the","greatest","lever","humanity","has","right","now","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Of course, it's impossible to shut down coal and oil overnight without throwing society into chaos.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Of","course",",","it","'s","impossible","to","shut","down","coal","and","oil","overnight","without","throwing","society","into","chaos","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But the reality is that we're not doing nearly enough to keep fossil fuels in the ground and use lower carbon alternatives.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":122,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","the","reality","is","that","we","'re","not","doing","nearly","enough","to","keep","fossil","fuels","in","the","ground","and","use","lower","carbon","alternatives","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We need to do two things to speed the transition away from fossil fuels.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","to","do","two","things","to","speed","the","transition","away","from","fossil","fuels","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"First, we need to use the real leverage we have today with today's technology.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["First",",","we","need","to","use","the","real","leverage","we","have","today","with","today","'s","technology","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There are a lot of things we can do extremely quickly.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","a","lot","of","things","we","can","do","extremely","quickly","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We can leave nuclear power plants online longer.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","can","leave","nuclear","power","plants","online","longer","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,13,13,0]}
{"text":"We can cut subsidies to the fossil fuel industry and funnel them into renewables.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":80,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","can","cut","subsidies","to","the","fossil","fuel","industry","and","funnel","them","into","renewables","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We can price carbon emissions harshly and increase the price each year to create strong incentives for the world's industries to transition.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":139,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","can","price","carbon","emissions","harshly","and","increase","the","price","each","year","to","create","strong","incentives","for","the","world","'s","industries","to","transition","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"We can enforce strict standards for energy efficiency and for any type of new construction.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","can","enforce","strict","standards","for","energy","efficiency","and","for","any","type","of","new","construction","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We can phase out fossil fuel vehicles.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","can","phase","out","fossil","fuel","vehicles","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Next, we also need to invent new and better technology.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Next",",","we","also","need","to","invent","new","and","better","technology","."],"tags":[13,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Without new technologies and innovation, it will be impossible to achieve a zero-CO2 emission world,","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":99,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Without","new","technologies","and","innovation",",","it","will","be","impossible","to","achieve","a","zero","-","CO2","emission","world",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But innovation takes time, years and decades.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","innovation","takes","time",",","years","and","decades","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And we don't have this time.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","we","do","n't","have","this","time","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,5,6,0]}
{"text":"Every year we keep adding more carbon to the atmosphere.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Every","year","we","keep","adding","more","carbon","to","the","atmosphere","."],"tags":[13,14,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This means we can't keep relying on innovation alone.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","we","ca","n't","keep","relying","on","innovation","alone","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We need to find ways to reduce emissions today while we invent what we will need in the future.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","to","find","ways","to","reduce","emissions","today","while","we","invent","what","we","will","need","in","the","future","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The less fossil fuel we burn over the next few years, the more time we give innovation to catch up.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":86,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":20,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["The","less","fossil","fuel","we","burn","over","the","next","few","years",",","the","more","time","we","give","innovation","to","catch","up","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,7,8,8,1,19,9,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The more low-carbon energy infrastructure we build today, the more we can compensate for economic growth and the people born today.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["The","more","low","-","carbon","energy","infrastructure","we","build","today",",","the","more","we","can","compensate","for","economic","growth","and","the","people","born","today","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,5,6,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The more coal power plants in construction we stop from being finished, the more CO2 we save.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":91,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":88,"token_end":17,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["The","more","coal","power","plants","in","construction","we","stop","from","being","finished",",","the","more","CO2","we","save","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,5,6,6,1,19,0]}
{"text":"Neither innovation nor the alternatives we're using today alone can solve rapid climate change.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Neither","innovation","nor","the","alternatives","we","'re","using","today","alone","can","solve","rapid","climate","change","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But innovation, together with a decisive move away from fossil fuels where it's possible today, could do it.","spans":[{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":16,"token_start":1},{"end":101,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":96,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":104,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":102,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":20,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["But","innovation",",","together","with","a","decisive","move","away","from","fossil","fuels","where","it","'s","possible","today",",","could","do","it","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,19,5,0]}
{"text":"Solving climate change will be complicated.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Solving","climate","change","will","be","complicated","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"We have to account for the needs of billions of people and the reality that right now society runs mostly on fossil fuels.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":121,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":22,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","have","to","account","for","the","needs","of","billions","of","people","and","the","reality","that","right","now","society","runs","mostly","on","fossil","fuels","."],"tags":[1,17,18,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This will not change overnight, but it needs to change as quickly as possible.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","will","not","change","overnight",",","but","it","needs","to","change","as","quickly","as","possible","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"And it is still very much possible.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","it","is","still","very","much","possible","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"We'll look at different aspects of climate change and how to solve it in more videos.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":13,"token_start":4},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["We","'ll","look","at","different","aspects","of","climate","change","and","how","to","solve","it","in","more","videos","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Let us know what kind of stuff you want to know more about.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","us","know","what","kind","of","stuff","you","want","to","know","more","about","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Here on YouTube or join us in our subreddit.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Here","on","YouTube","or","join","us","in","our","subreddit","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This video is part of a series about climate change supported by Breakthrough Energy,","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","video","is","part","of","a","series","about","climate","change","supported","by","Breakthrough","Energy",","],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"When our vegetarian ancestors started eating meat around 2 million years ago, it wasn't just because animals taste great, it was pure necessity.","spans":[{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":84,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":87,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":120,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":20,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["When","our","vegetarian","ancestors","started","eating","meat","around","2","million","years","ago",",","it","was","n't","just","because","animals","taste","great",",","it","was","pure","necessity","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,37,13,11,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"Climate change made many of the plants our ancestors relied on less available, and meat bridged that gap.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":77,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":83,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Climate","change","made","many","of","the","plants","our","ancestors","relied","on","less","available",",","and","meat","bridged","that","gap","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,33,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"From the discovery of fire at the latest, meat became a staple of the human diet.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["From","the","discovery","of","fire","at","the","latest",",","meat","became","a","staple","of","the","human","diet","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But over the last few years, eating meat has increasingly been associated with health risks like heart disease, certain cancers, and an early death.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":147,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":26,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","over","the","last","few","years",",","eating","meat","has","increasingly","been","associated","with","health","risks","like","heart","disease",",","certain","cancers",",","and","an","early","death","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So how unhealthy is meat really?","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","how","unhealthy","is","meat","really","?"],"tags":[0,11,12,21,1,13,0]}
{"text":"In this video, we'll only talk about meat.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","this","video",",","we","'ll","only","talk","about","meat","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Dairy products deserve a video of their own.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Dairy","products","deserve","a","video","of","their","own","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Biologically we need to eat for three reasons.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Biologically","we","need","to","eat","for","three","reasons","."],"tags":[13,1,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The energy and most of the materials come from the three macronutrients fats, carbohydrates and proteins.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","energy","and","most","of","the","materials","come","from","the","three","macronutrients","fats",",","carbohydrates","and","proteins","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Proteins are the most important resource for repairing and replenishing our cell structures.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Proteins","are","the","most","important","resource","for","repairing","and","replenishing","our","cell","structures","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The special molecules are a large variety of vitamins and minerals we need to drive metabolic processes.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":102,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","special","molecules","are","a","large","variety","of","vitamins","and","minerals","we","need","to","drive","metabolic","processes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Meat provides us with most of these things.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Meat","provides","us","with","most","of","these","things","."],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"It contains all essential amino acids our body needs and a lot of minerals like iron, zinc and essential vitamins, some of which are barely found in plants like vitamin B12.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":171,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":32,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","contains","all","essential","amino","acids","our","body","needs","and","a","lot","of","minerals","like","iron",",","zinc","and","essential","vitamins",",","some","of","which","are","barely","found","in","plants","like","vitamin","B12","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Only one essential nutrient is missing in most of the meat we consume, vitamin C.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":81,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Only","one","essential","nutrient","is","missing","in","most","of","the","meat","we","consume",",","vitamin","C."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,39,40]}
{"text":"It appears in almost all plants and supports our immune system as well as the development of connective tissues.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","appears","in","almost","all","plants","and","supports","our","immune","system","as","well","as","the","development","of","connective","tissues","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"After a few months without it, you'd get scurvy.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["After","a","few","months","without","it",",","you","'d","get","scurvy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"But meat has another big advantage.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","meat","has","another","big","advantage","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It's high bioavailability.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","high","bioavailability","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Some of the nutrients in meat are broken down faster and available quicker than those from plants.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Some","of","the","nutrients","in","meat","are","broken","down","faster","and","available","quicker","than","those","from","plants","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Spinach, for example, contains more iron than meat.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Spinach",",","for","example",",","contains","more","iron","than","meat","."],"tags":[1,0,13,14,0,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But it's absorbed much slower and the body needs more energy to digest it.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","absorbed","much","slower","and","the","body","needs","more","energy","to","digest","it","."],"tags":[0,1,15,29,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Several health benefits have also been observed in communities that rely solely on meat.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Several","health","benefits","have","also","been","observed","in","communities","that","rely","solely","on","meat","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The Inuit, for example, are able to survive in extreme climate conditions on a purely meat-based diet, if necessary.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":20,"token_start":10},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":103,"token_end":23,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["The","Inuit",",","for","example",",","are","able","to","survive","in","extreme","climate","conditions","on","a","purely","meat","-","based","diet",",","if","necessary","."],"tags":[1,2,0,13,14,0,17,18,18,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Since they consume the whole animal, including the organs, they get every single nutrient they need, including vitamin C.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":120,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Since","they","consume","the","whole","animal",",","including","the","organs",",","they","get","every","single","nutrient","they","need",",","including","vitamin","C."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6]}
{"text":"So meat itself is definitely not dangerous for us.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","meat","itself","is","definitely","not","dangerous","for","us","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,13,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But its health effects vary, depending on how it's prepared and what animal it comes from.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","its","health","effects","vary",",","depending","on","how","it","'s","prepared","and","what","animal","it","comes","from","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When talking about meat in the Western world, we generally mean muscle tissues that have a high nutrient density,","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["When","talking","about","meat","in","the","Western","world",",","we","generally","mean","muscle","tissues","that","have","a","high","nutrient","density",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The most healthy animals to eat are probably fish.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","most","healthy","animals","to","eat","are","probably","fish","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,0]}
{"text":"Fish contains polyunsaturated fatty acids like omega-3, which may lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases and support anti-inflammatory immune functions.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":153,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Fish","contains","polyunsaturated","fatty","acids","like","omega-3",",","which","may","lower","the","risk","of","cardiovascular","diseases","and","support","anti","-","inflammatory","immune","functions","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"As part of a balanced diet, fish can be eaten regularly without worries.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["As","part","of","a","balanced","diet",",","fish","can","be","eaten","regularly","without","worries","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,13,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Eating fish comes with its own bag of complications, though, like overfishing and the destruction of the oceans.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Eating","fish","comes","with","its","own","bag","of","complications",",","though",",","like","overfishing","and","the","destruction","of","the","oceans","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"We'll talk about that in another video.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","'ll","talk","about","that","in","another","video","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"A close second is the most popular meat, chicken.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","close","second","is","the","most","popular","meat",",","chicken","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"It's regarded as the meat with the fewest health risks.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","regarded","as","the","meat","with","the","fewest","health","risks","."],"tags":[1,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"The only negative health effect of poultry is a bit controversial, fat.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","only","negative","health","effect","of","poultry","is","a","bit","controversial",",","fat","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Its high content of saturated fats is associated with a higher cholesterol level and cardiovascular disease.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Its","high","content","of","saturated","fats","is","associated","with","a","higher","cholesterol","level","and","cardiovascular","disease","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"But this idea has also been criticized by a large number of scientists, arguing high cholesterol levels might be inherited and not caused by nutrition.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":150,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","this","idea","has","also","been","criticized","by","a","large","number","of","scientists",",","arguing","high","cholesterol","levels","might","be","inherited","and","not","caused","by","nutrition","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So in general, if you want meat and are concerned about your health, go for chicken.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":13,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["So","in","general",",","if","you","want","meat","and","are","concerned","about","your","health",",","go","for","chicken","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,31,32,5,0]}
{"text":"Things start to get problematic with high intakes of red meat like beef, veal, pork, lamb, horse and goat.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Things","start","to","get","problematic","with","high","intakes","of","red","meat","like","beef",",","veal",",","pork",",","lamb",",","horse","and","goat","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A recently published study recommends, for example, a maximum of 23 grams of red meat per day, which is a very small steak per week.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":130,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":27,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["A","recently","published","study","recommends",",","for","example",",","a","maximum","of","23","grams","of","red","meat","per","day",",","which","is","a","very","small","steak","per","week","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,0,13,14,0,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"However, large-scale meta-analysis studies have shown that eating 100 grams of red meat every day increases the relative risk of diabetes by 19%, of strokes by 11% and of colorectal cancer by 17%.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":195,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":41,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["However",",","large","-","scale","meta","-","analysis","studies","have","shown","that","eating","100","grams","of","red","meat","every","day","increases","the","relative","risk","of","diabetes","by","19","%",",","of","strokes","by","11","%","and","of","colorectal","cancer","by","17","%","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This sounds alarming, but before we panic, let's have a look at how these studies were conducted.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":96,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","sounds","alarming",",","but","before","we","panic",",","let","'s","have","a","look","at","how","these","studies","were","conducted","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Because this brings us to the second big problem when trying to answer the question of whether meat is unhealthy or not.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Because","this","brings","us","to","the","second","big","problem","when","trying","to","answer","the","question","of","whether","meat","is","unhealthy","or","not","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Most studies that linked health risks to eating red meat were case-control studies, which means taking a group of people with a disease and classifying them by their eating habits.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":178,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":32,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Most","studies","that","linked","health","risks","to","eating","red","meat","were","case","-","control","studies",",","which","means","taking","a","group","of","people","with","a","disease","and","classifying","them","by","their","eating","habits","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The more red meat they consume, the more likely they were to contract certain diseases.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","more","red","meat","they","consume",",","the","more","likely","they","were","to","contract","certain","diseases","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The problem is that it's very hard to eliminate other factors.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","problem","is","that","it","'s","very","hard","to","eliminate","other","factors","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"People who eat less meat tend to live a healthier lifestyle in general.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["People","who","eat","less","meat","tend","to","live","a","healthier","lifestyle","in","general","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"They tend to eat more vegetables and fruit and are less likely to smoke and drink alcohol.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","tend","to","eat","more","vegetables","and","fruit","and","are","less","likely","to","smoke","and","drink","alcohol","."],"tags":[1,19,33,34,34,34,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Most studies try to eliminate these factors, but it's extremely hard to make definitive statements.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Most","studies","try","to","eliminate","these","factors",",","but","it","'s","extremely","hard","to","make","definitive","statements","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Things get worse when we look at processed meat, though.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Things","get","worse","when","we","look","at","processed","meat",",","though","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,0]}
{"text":"Processing meat means adding certain chemicals by curing, smoking, salting or fermenting, or in other words, making it delicious.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":128,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":22,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Processing","meat","means","adding","certain","chemicals","by","curing",",","smoking",",","salting","or","fermenting",",","or","in","other","words",",","making","it","delicious","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Bacon, ham, salami, sausages and hot dogs contain chemicals that are harmful for us, like nitrates and nitrites that can damage the DNA in our digestive system and lead to cancer.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":177,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":34,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Bacon",",","ham",",","salami",",","sausages","and","hot","dogs","contain","chemicals","that","are","harmful","for","us",",","like","nitrates","and","nitrites","that","can","damage","the","DNA","in","our","digestive","system","and","lead","to","cancer","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The WHO reviewed 800 studies over 20 years and concluded that processed meat is strongly linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":137,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","WHO","reviewed","800","studies","over","20","years","and","concluded","that","processed","meat","is","strongly","linked","to","an","increased","risk","of","colorectal","cancer","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Each extra 50 grams of processed meat per day increases your relative risk of cancer by 18%.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Each","extra","50","grams","of","processed","meat","per","day","increases","your","relative","risk","of","cancer","by","18","%","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When it comes to cancer risk, processed meat is now in the same category as plutonium, asbestos and smoking.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":107,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["When","it","comes","to","cancer","risk",",","processed","meat","is","now","in","the","same","category","as","plutonium",",","asbestos","and","smoking","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"The WHO highlights that its research is only about the question of whether or not something causes cancer.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","WHO","highlights","that","its","research","is","only","about","the","question","of","whether","or","not","something","causes","cancer","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But processed meat may also significantly increase the chance of suffering from diabetes, strokes and coronary heart diseases.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":125,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","processed","meat","may","also","significantly","increase","the","chance","of","suffering","from","diabetes",",","strokes","and","coronary","heart","diseases","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,13,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It also makes a difference what sort of life our meat lived when it was still part of a living being.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":100,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","also","makes","a","difference","what","sort","of","life","our","meat","lived","when","it","was","still","part","of","a","living","being","."],"tags":[3,13,25,5,6,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It's common to feed large amounts of antibiotics to livestock in order to prevent diseases which can spread antibiotic resistance.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":129,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","common","to","feed","large","amounts","of","antibiotics","to","livestock","in","order","to","prevent","diseases","which","can","spread","antibiotic","resistance","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Combined, a high consumption of both red and processed meat could increase your chance of premature death by up to 29%.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":17,"token_start":13},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":22,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Combined",",","a","high","consumption","of","both","red","and","processed","meat","could","increase","your","chance","of","premature","death","by","up","to","29","%","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"This means if your chance of dying is 3% this year, it's now 4%.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","if","your","chance","of","dying","is","3","%","this","year",",","it","'s","now","4","%","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"This might not sound like a lot, but tiny percentages have a huge impact on societies of millions.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","might","not","sound","like","a","lot",",","but","tiny","percentages","have","a","huge","impact","on","societies","of","millions","."],"tags":[1,15,37,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"They also seem harmless until they affect you.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","also","seem","harmless","until","they","affect","you","."],"tags":[1,13,21,11,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"To blame meat alone for bad health would be wrong though.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["To","blame","meat","alone","for","bad","health","would","be","wrong","though","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,13,0]}
{"text":"There is no evidence that the very essence of meat has any negative effect beyond its high fat content.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":102,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","no","evidence","that","the","very","essence","of","meat","has","any","negative","effect","beyond","its","high","fat","content","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"And even this point is highly contentious.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","even","this","point","is","highly","contentious","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"Just like with many other pleasures in life, sometimes too much of a good thing is harmful.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":15,"token_start":10},{"end":81,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":17,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Just","like","with","many","other","pleasures","in","life",",","sometimes","too","much","of","a","good","thing","is","harmful","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Most public health agencies suggest cutting meat consumption to 500 grams a week, while studies suggest cutting down processed meat as much as possible.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":151,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Most","public","health","agencies","suggest","cutting","meat","consumption","to","500","grams","a","week",",","while","studies","suggest","cutting","down","processed","meat","as","much","as","possible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So if you feast on meat no more than once or twice a week, you should be good.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":13,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":72,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":18,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["So","if","you","feast","on","meat","no","more","than","once","or","twice","a","week",",","you","should","be","good","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,0]}
{"text":"For most people this already means a drastic change in their diets though.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["For","most","people","this","already","means","a","drastic","change","in","their","diets","though","."],"tags":[13,14,14,1,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,0]}
{"text":"The average American consumes around almost 1600 grams of meat a week.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","average","American","consumes","around","almost","1600","grams","of","meat","a","week","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"And many of us eat much, much more.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","many","of","us","eat","much",",","much","more","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"If you're not really sure, make a small note whenever you eat meat for a week or two.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","not","really","sure",",","make","a","small","note","whenever","you","eat","meat","for","a","week","or","two","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You'll be surprised how much it really is.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["You","'ll","be","surprised","how","much","it","really","is","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So most people watching this video would benefit from cutting down on meat.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","most","people","watching","this","video","would","benefit","from","cutting","down","on","meat","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Aside from health concerns, there's still the fact that the meat industry is one of the largest contributors to climate change and has reached a scale where it's impossible to deliver millions of tons of meat and still treat animals with dignity.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":245,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":44,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Aside","from","health","concerns",",","there","'s","still","the","fact","that","the","meat","industry","is","one","of","the","largest","contributors","to","climate","change","and","has","reached","a","scale","where","it","'s","impossible","to","deliver","millions","of","tons","of","meat","and","still","treat","animals","with","dignity","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"We've already discussed that in detail in another video.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","'ve","already","discussed","that","in","detail","in","another","video","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,5,13,14,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"All in all, in moderation, meat is not unhealthy and you don't need to become vegetarian overnight to have a real impact on your health and the planet.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":150,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":30,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["All","in","all",",","in","moderation",",","meat","is","not","unhealthy","and","you","do","n't","need","to","become","vegetarian","overnight","to","have","a","real","impact","on","your","health","and","the","planet","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,0,1,21,37,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"But your lifestyle choices do matter.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","your","lifestyle","choices","do","matter","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,19,0]}
{"text":"The key is being open to trying something new once in a while.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","key","is","being","open","to","trying","something","new","once","in","a","while","."],"tags":[11,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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{"text":"Maybe after watching hours of Kurzgesagt videos, you've decided you'd like to learn how to animate.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Maybe","after","watching","hours","of","Kurzgesagt","videos",",","you","'ve","decided","you","'d","like","to","learn","how","to","animate","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Now you might not know this, but most of our team actually has a graphic design background.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Now","you","might","not","know","this",",","but","most","of","our","team","actually","has","a","graphic","design","background","."],"tags":[13,1,15,37,19,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Learning about design principles first before we got into animation was really key to where we are today.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":103,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Learning","about","design","principles","first","before","we","got","into","animation","was","really","key","to","where","we","are","today","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There's a really great new Skillshare class on using Adobe Illustrator, the software we use to create artwork, by graphic designer Aaron Draplin, and we can personally recommend it.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":144,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":25,"token_start":2},{"end":180,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":150,"token_end":32,"token_start":28}],"tokens":["There","'s","a","really","great","new","Skillshare","class","on","using","Adobe","Illustrator",",","the","software","we","use","to","create","artwork",",","by","graphic","designer","Aaron","Draplin",",","and","we","can","personally","recommend","it","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's full of great tips to help understand and simplify a very complicated program.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","full","of","great","tips","to","help","understand","and","simplify","a","very","complicated","program","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you want to do more afterwards, we have three animation courses of our own on Skillshare, too.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":15,"token_start":10},{"end":90,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":19,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","do","more","afterwards",",","we","have","three","animation","courses","of","our","own","on","Skillshare",",","too","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0,13,0]}
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{"text":"With the Premium Membership, you can access all of them for only $10 a month.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["With","the","Premium","Membership",",","you","can","access","all","of","them","for","only","$","10","a","month","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And, as a bonus, the first 1,000 Kurzgesagt viewers to use the link in the description will get their first two months of Skillshare for free.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":17,"token_start":6},{"end":91,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":87,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":95,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":92,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":132,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":25,"token_start":20},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":133,"token_end":27,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["And",",","as","a","bonus",",","the","first","1,000","Kurzgesagt","viewers","to","use","the","link","in","the","description","will","get","their","first","two","months","of","Skillshare","for","free","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Food is arguably the best thing about being alive.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Food","is","arguably","the","best","thing","about","being","alive","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"No other bodily pleasure is enjoyed multiple times every day and never gets old.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["No","other","bodily","pleasure","is","enjoyed","multiple","times","every","day","and","never","gets","old","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"It's an expression of culture, our parents' love, and a means of celebration or comfort.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","an","expression","of","culture",",","our","parents","'","love",",","and","a","means","of","celebration","or","comfort","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"That's why it hits a special nerve when we're told we should change what and how we eat to fight rapid climate change.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":116,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":24,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","why","it","hits","a","special","nerve","when","we","'re","told","we","should","change","what","and","how","we","eat","to","fight","rapid","climate","change","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"One of the most delicious foods, meat, gets the worst press.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["One","of","the","most","delicious","foods",",","meat",",","gets","the","worst","press","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,0,39,0,25,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"It doesn't help that the topic is really hard to properly research yourself and that debates get emotional quickly.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":114,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","does","n't","help","that","the","topic","is","really","hard","to","properly","research","yourself","and","that","debates","get","emotional","quickly","."],"tags":[3,15,37,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But clearly, science can give us an answer.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","clearly",",","science","can","give","us","an","answer","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,15,19,9,7,8,0]}
{"text":"The reality is, well, it's complicated.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","reality","is",",","well",",","it","'s","complicated","."],"tags":[1,2,21,0,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Let's take a look at three climate arguments against meat that are used a lot and see what happens.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","take","a","look","at","three","climate","arguments","against","meat","that","are","used","a","lot","and","see","what","happens","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"One. Does our diet really play that bigger role in climate change?","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["One",".","Does","our","diet","really","play","that","bigger","role","in","climate","change","?"],"tags":[0,0,15,1,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Feeding billions of people is impossible without causing emissions.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Feeding","billions","of","people","is","impossible","without","causing","emissions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even if someday we have zero-carbon tractors, refrigerators and cookers running on renewable energy, and electric trucks to move our food, there are still unavoidable emissions.","spans":[{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":24,"token_start":0},{"end":144,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":139,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":148,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":145,"token_end":27,"token_start":27},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":149,"token_end":28,"token_start":28},{"end":176,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":155,"token_end":30,"token_start":29}],"tokens":["Even","if","someday","we","have","zero","-","carbon","tractors",",","refrigerators","and","cookers","running","on","renewable","energy",",","and","electric","trucks","to","move","our","food",",","there","are","still","unavoidable","emissions","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,13,1,2,0]}
{"text":"Rice emits methane.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Rice","emits","methane","."],"tags":[1,25,5,0]}
{"text":"We cut down forests to make room for pastures and crops.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","cut","down","forests","to","make","room","for","pastures","and","crops","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"And we emit nitrous oxide when we use fertilizers and manure.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","we","emit","nitrous","oxide","when","we","use","fertilizers","and","manure","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Worldwide food production is responsible for about 26% of all human-made greenhouse gas emissions, which is unfortunate since food is not optional.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":145,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":25,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Worldwide","food","production","is","responsible","for","about","26","%","of","all","human","-","made","greenhouse","gas","emissions",",","which","is","unfortunate","since","food","is","not","optional","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"While 26% doesn't sound that bad, it means that even if we extinguish all other sources of emissions today, the emissions from food alone would still use up our entire carbon budget by 2100.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":189,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":37,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["While","26","%","does","n't","sound","that","bad",",","it","means","that","even","if","we","extinguish","all","other","sources","of","emissions","today",",","the","emissions","from","food","alone","would","still","use","up","our","entire","carbon","budget","by","2100","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So no matter how we twist and turn it, food is a real driver of climate change.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","no","matter","how","we","twist","and","turn","it",",","food","is","a","real","driver","of","climate","change","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Still, emissions from different food items vary a lot.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Still",",","emissions","from","different","food","items","vary","a","lot","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,0]}
{"text":"How do things look when we compare their footprints separately?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["How","do","things","look","when","we","compare","their","footprints","separately","?"],"tags":[11,15,1,21,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Food's climate impact is most often based on life-cycle assessments, an analysis that looks at all the emissions of a product throughout its existence,","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":149,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":27,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Food","'s","climate","impact","is","most","often","based","on","life","-","cycle","assessments",",","an","analysis","that","looks","at","all","the","emissions","of","a","product","throughout","its","existence",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,13,14,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"In the most detailed meta-analysis of life-cycle assessments to date, beef emissions stand out at the top.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":94,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":18,"token_start":17},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":21,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["In","the","most","detailed","meta","-","analysis","of","life","-","cycle","assessments","to","date",",","beef","emissions","stand","out","at","the","top","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,31,32,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"On average, a kilogram of beef emits 71 kilograms of CO2 equivalents.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["On","average",",","a","kilogram","of","beef","emits","71","kilograms","of","CO2","equivalents","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Lamb is also high at 40 kilograms.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Lamb","is","also","high","at","40","kilograms","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Pork emits 12, and poultry 10 kilograms.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Pork","emits","12",",","and","poultry","10","kilograms","."],"tags":[1,25,5,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"At the bottom, we have lots of plant-based foods.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["At","the","bottom",",","we","have","lots","of","plant","-","based","foods","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Potatoes, for example, emit around 150 times less than beef.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Potatoes",",","for","example",",","emit","around","150","times","less","than","beef","."],"tags":[1,0,13,14,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The most important aspect of food isn't weight, though, it's nutrient density.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","most","important","aspect","of","food","is","n't","weight",",","though",",","it","'s","nutrient","density","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"A kilogram of beef would keep you alive much longer than a kilogram of potatoes.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","kilogram","of","beef","would","keep","you","alive","much","longer","than","a","kilogram","of","potatoes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,5,33,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So how does the ranking change if we compare emissions per calorie or protein?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","how","does","the","ranking","change","if","we","compare","emissions","per","calorie","or","protein","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Animal protein is still the most costly for the environment,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Animal","protein","is","still","the","most","costly","for","the","environment",","],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"and beef and lamb are also outliers in emissions per calorie.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["and","beef","and","lamb","are","also","outliers","in","emissions","per","calorie","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But is this fair?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","is","this","fair","?"],"tags":[0,21,1,11,0]}
{"text":"After all, not all beef is the same.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["After","all",",","not","all","beef","is","the","same","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"There are all sorts of ways to rear cattle, from pure grass-fed to factory farming.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","all","sorts","of","ways","to","rear","cattle",",","from","pure","grass","-","fed","to","factory","farming","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The worst beef comes in at 105 kilograms of emissions per 100 grams of protein, the best at only 9.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","worst","beef","comes","in","at","105","kilograms","of","emissions","per","100","grams","of","protein",",","the","best","at","only","9","."],"tags":[1,2,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"In contrast, most other foods, especially plant-based, have a much narrower spectrum.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","contrast",",","most","other","foods",",","especially","plant","-","based",",","have","a","much","narrower","spectrum","."],"tags":[13,14,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Still, the best beef is worse than the worst plant.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Still",",","the","best","beef","is","worse","than","the","worst","plant","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Okay, but this seems promising.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Okay",",","but","this","seems","promising","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,21,11,0]}
{"text":"Can we buy the right beef and lower our emissions?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Can","we","buy","the","right","beef","and","lower","our","emissions","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,0]}
{"text":"2. Does buying local food actually matter?","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["2",".","Does","buying","local","food","actually","matter","?"],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,13,19,0]}
{"text":"Let's stick with beef, since it's such an outlier.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Let","'s","stick","with","beef",",","since","it","'s","such","an","outlier","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"By buying locally, you are trying to avoid emissions from transportation and packaging.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["By","buying","locally",",","you","are","trying","to","avoid","emissions","from","transportation","and","packaging","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"But it turns out these only account for 0.5 to 2% of beef's total emissions.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","turns","out","these","only","account","for","0.5","to","2","%","of","beef","'s","total","emissions","."],"tags":[0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Actually, transport and packaging combined are only about 11% of all food emissions.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Actually",",","transport","and","packaging","combined","are","only","about","11","%","of","all","food","emissions","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Nearly all food transport emissions are produced over the last few miles, the regional travel on the road supplying the markets and shops in your area.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":149,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":26,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Nearly","all","food","transport","emissions","are","produced","over","the","last","few","miles",",","the","regional","travel","on","the","road","supplying","the","markets","and","shops","in","your","area","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"International food transport happens mostly on freight ships, which are insanely efficient.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["International","food","transport","happens","mostly","on","freight","ships",",","which","are","insanely","efficient","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"For example, shipping 1 kilogram of avocados from South America to Europe generates about 0.3 kilograms of CO2 equivalents in transport emissions and around 2.5 kilograms overall,","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":12,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":177,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":27,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["For","example",",","shipping","1","kilogram","of","avocados","from","South","America","to","Europe","generates","about","0.3","kilograms","of","CO2","equivalents","in","transport","emissions","and","around","2.5","kilograms","overall",","],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"while 1 kilogram of beef from your local butcher will come in at 18 kilograms in CO2 equivalents at least.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["while","1","kilogram","of","beef","from","your","local","butcher","will","come","in","at","18","kilograms","in","CO2","equivalents","at","least","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"So even when shipped great distances, emissions from almost all plant-based foods cause lower emissions than locally produced animal products.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":14,"token_start":7},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":22,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["So","even","when","shipped","great","distances",",","emissions","from","almost","all","plant","-","based","foods","cause","lower","emissions","than","locally","produced","animal","products","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Okay, so if transport doesn't play a big role, what causes the vast amounts of emissions from beef then?","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":20,"token_start":14},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":21,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Okay",",","so","if","transport","does","n't","play","a","big","role",",","what","causes","the","vast","amounts","of","emissions","from","beef","then","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,0]}
{"text":"By far the largest share of beef emissions consists of methane released directly by the animals.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["By","far","the","largest","share","of","beef","emissions","consists","of","methane","released","directly","by","the","animals","."],"tags":[13,14,1,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"While CO2 hangs around for centuries, methane only stays in the atmosphere for decades.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["While","CO2","hangs","around","for","centuries",",","methane","only","stays","in","the","atmosphere","for","decades","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,21,11,12,12,13,14,0]}
{"text":"But in these short periods it is very powerful.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","in","these","short","periods","it","is","very","powerful","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,1,21,11,12,0]}
{"text":"All in all, methane has already caused 23 to 40% of human-made warming so far.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":16,"token_start":8},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["All","in","all",",","methane","has","already","caused","23","to","40","%","of","human","-","made","warming","so","far","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"There's controversy about how bad this is exactly, and we don't want to dive in too deep here, but the way things stand, any kinds of extra emissions are not great.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":163,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":35,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["There","'s","controversy","about","how","bad","this","is","exactly",",","and","we","do","n't","want","to","dive","in","too","deep","here",",","but","the","way","things","stand",",","any","kinds","of","extra","emissions","are","not","great","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Still, all cows burp and fart to similar degrees.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Still",",","all","cows","burp","and","fart","to","similar","degrees","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,19,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"What explains the spectrum of beef emissions?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","explains","the","spectrum","of","beef","emissions","?"],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"There are a couple of things.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","a","couple","of","things","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"It makes a difference if the beef comes from a dairy herd or one dedicated to beef production.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","makes","a","difference","if","the","beef","comes","from","a","dairy","herd","or","one","dedicated","to","beef","production","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"44% of the world's beef comes from dairy cows, sharing its footprint with dairy products.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["44","%","of","the","world","'s","beef","comes","from","dairy","cows",",","sharing","its","footprint","with","dairy","products","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Dairy cows tend to get higher quality feed, which makes them grow faster and emit less methane.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Dairy","cows","tend","to","get","higher","quality","feed",",","which","makes","them","grow","faster","and","emit","less","methane","."],"tags":[1,2,19,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
{"text":"Geography also plays a role because it determines which farming methods are possible.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Geography","also","plays","a","role","because","it","determines","which","farming","methods","are","possible","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The worst factor by far is the destruction of forests for farmland.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","worst","factor","by","far","is","the","destruction","of","forests","for","farmland","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,14,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Not only does this release the CO2 that was bound in the flora, it sets free carbon that was stored in the soil and destroys its ability to store it in the future.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Not","only","does","this","release","the","CO2","that","was","bound","in","the","flora",",","it","sets","free","carbon","that","was","stored","in","the","soil","and","destroys","its","ability","to","store","it","in","the","future","."],"tags":[0,0,15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
{"text":"This aspect accounts for much of the range of emissions in beef.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","aspect","accounts","for","much","of","the","range","of","emissions","in","beef","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"The worst emitters are farms burning down rainforest for farmland, especially in Brazil.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","worst","emitters","are","farms","burning","down","rainforest","for","farmland",",","especially","in","Brazil","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There is a sinister truth hidden here.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","a","sinister","truth","hidden","here","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"The more animals suffer, the better they are in terms of climate change because they are way more efficient.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","more","animals","suffer",",","the","better","they","are","in","terms","of","climate","change","because","they","are","way","more","efficient","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,11,12,1,21,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"They use less land and their food is brought right to them, and so they grow faster and don't expend energy on things like walking.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":26,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["They","use","less","land","and","their","food","is","brought","right","to","them",",","and","so","they","grow","faster","and","do","n't","expend","energy","on","things","like","walking","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"Cattle in a factory farm that never get to roam pastures can sometimes be less destructive for the climate than cattle grazing peacefully on a formerly lush piece of rainforest.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":175,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":29,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Cattle","in","a","factory","farm","that","never","get","to","roam","pastures","can","sometimes","be","less","destructive","for","the","climate","than","cattle","grazing","peacefully","on","a","formerly","lush","piece","of","rainforest","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"But isn't it a bit out of touch with reality to demonize cows so much?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","is","n't","it","a","bit","out","of","touch","with","reality","to","demonize","cows","so","much","?"],"tags":[0,21,37,3,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"Some of the land these animals are grazing on isn't suitable for crops anyway.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Some","of","the","land","these","animals","are","grazing","on","is","n't","suitable","for","crops","anyway","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,13,0]}
{"text":"By grazing on pastures, they can turn things we can't digest into food.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["By","grazing","on","pastures",",","they","can","turn","things","we","ca","n't","digest","into","food","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Isn't farming animals just a smart way to make the best use of unused resources?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Is","n't","farming","animals","just","a","smart","way","to","make","the","best","use","of","unused","resources","?"],"tags":[21,37,1,2,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"3. Don't cows mainly use land that we can't use for agriculture or other things?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["3",".","Do","n't","cows","mainly","use","land","that","we","ca","n't","use","for","agriculture","or","other","things","?"],"tags":[0,0,15,37,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"About half of the world's ice and desert-free land is used for agriculture, an area the size of the entire Americas plus China.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":26,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["About","half","of","the","world","'s","ice","and","desert","-","free","land","is","used","for","agriculture",",","an","area","the","size","of","the","entire","Americas","plus","China","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Half of all agriculturally used land is dedicated to animals.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Half","of","all","agriculturally","used","land","is","dedicated","to","animals","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"Most of it is grassland, 65% of which cannot be converted to cropland.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Most","of","it","is","grassland",",","65","%","of","which","can","not","be","converted","to","cropland","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"So pasturing animals is actually a very efficient way to use those areas since we can't grow human food there anyway.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","pasturing","animals","is","actually","a","very","efficient","way","to","use","those","areas","since","we","ca","n't","grow","human","food","there","anyway","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"There are a couple of catches here though.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["There","are","a","couple","of","catches","here","though","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,13,13,0]}
{"text":"While the idea of cows turning useless grass into steak is nice, it is part of a marketing lie.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":69,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":93,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["While","the","idea","of","cows","turning","useless","grass","into","steak","is","nice",",","it","is","part","of","a","marketing","lie","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Even though it is so massive, pastureland alone can't support the ruminants living on it.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Even","though","it","is","so","massive",",","pastureland","alone","ca","n't","support","the","ruminants","living","on","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Globally, grazing systems sustain only 13% of beef production.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Globally",",","grazing","systems","sustain","only","13","%","of","beef","production","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"So if we were to switch to 100% grass-fed, we'd simply have to eat much less beef.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":62,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":63,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":21,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["So","if","we","were","to","switch","to","100","%","grass","-","fed",",","we","'d","simply","have","to","eat","much","less","beef","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,17,18,19,5,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In the US, beef production would crash by some 70% if it were to exclusively rely on grass.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","the","US",",","beef","production","would","crash","by","some","70","%","if","it","were","to","exclusively","rely","on","grass","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"The only way to sustain our high demand for meat is by growing crops and feeding them to our cattle.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","only","way","to","sustain","our","high","demand","for","meat","is","by","growing","crops","and","feeding","them","to","our","cattle","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"And we haven't even talked about chicken and pigs, which exclusively eat feed crops.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","we","have","n't","even","talked","about","chicken","and","pigs",",","which","exclusively","eat","feed","crops","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Because of this feed demand, less than half of the world's cereals are used directly as human food.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Because","of","this","feed","demand",",","less","than","half","of","the","world","'s","cereals","are","used","directly","as","human","food","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"41% is fed to animals.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["41","%","is","fed","to","animals","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
{"text":"The same is true for soy.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","same","is","true","for","soy","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,13,14,0]}
{"text":"There's a lot of talk about Amazon deforestation for soy production, which makes us think of soy milk and tofu.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":110,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","a","lot","of","talk","about","Amazon","deforestation","for","soy","production",",","which","makes","us","think","of","soy","milk","and","tofu","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
{"text":"But only 19% of global soy production goes towards products for humans.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","only","19","%","of","global","soy","production","goes","towards","products","for","humans","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"About 77% is used to feed animals.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["About","77","%","is","used","to","feed","animals","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Besides, land without food crops isn't automatically ecologically useless.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Besides",",","land","without","food","crops","is","n't","automatically","ecologically","useless","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
{"text":"A beef-free diet would free up around 2 billion hectares.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","beef","-","free","diet","would","free","up","around","2","billion","hectares","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"A vegan diet would free up around 3 billion hectares of land.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","vegan","diet","would","free","up","around","3","billion","hectares","of","land","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"We could use this land to grow forests or restore wild grasslands.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","could","use","this","land","to","grow","forests","or","restore","wild","grasslands","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"If we spared 3 billion hectares of land, it could remove about 8 billion tons of CO2 from the air per year.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":17,"token_start":12},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":20,"token_start":18},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":22,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","we","spared","3","billion","hectares","of","land",",","it","could","remove","about","8","billion","tons","of","CO2","from","the","air","per","year","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,13,14,0]}
{"text":"By comparison, we emit about 50 billion tons of CO2 equivalents per year at the moment.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":13,"token_start":5},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["By","comparison",",","we","emit","about","50","billion","tons","of","CO2","equivalents","per","year","at","the","moment","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
{"text":"That means we could save 16% of emissions by eating a vegan diet.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","means","we","could","save","16","%","of","emissions","by","eating","a","vegan","diet","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"Okay, to summarize, food is a huge driver of emissions.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Okay",",","to","summarize",",","food","is","a","huge","driver","of","emissions","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"Meat, but especially beef, is the worst food in terms of emissions.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Meat",",","but","especially","beef",",","is","the","worst","food","in","terms","of","emissions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,0,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Buying locally does not have a big impact on food emissions compared to the type of food you're consuming.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Buying","locally","does","not","have","a","big","impact","on","food","emissions","compared","to","the","type","of","food","you","'re","consuming","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"When it comes to beef, cattle that are grass-fed can sometimes even be counterproductive because they just need much more land.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":69,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["When","it","comes","to","beef",",","cattle","that","are","grass","-","fed","can","sometimes","even","be","counterproductive","because","they","just","need","much","more","land","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,13,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"Even if you find the most environmentally friendly beef in the world, your burger still comes with a significantly higher carbon footprint than a veggie patty.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":88,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":157,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":26,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Even","if","you","find","the","most","environmentally","friendly","beef","in","the","world",",","your","burger","still","comes","with","a","significantly","higher","carbon","footprint","than","a","veggie","patty","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,13,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
{"text":"You can decide for yourself what you want to do with this information.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["You","can","decide","for","yourself","what","you","want","to","do","with","this","information","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In fact, you are always only one decision away from making a change.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","you","are","always","only","one","decision","away","from","making","a","change","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"It's up to you.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","up","to","you","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0]}
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{"text":"We are big fans of Skillshare, an online learning community that offers thousands of classes for all skill levels in tons of creative disciplines like illustration, animation, or film and video.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":192,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":33,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","are","big","fans","of","Skillshare",",","an","online","learning","community","that","offers","thousands","of","classes","for","all","skill","levels","in","tons","of","creative","disciplines","like","illustration",",","animation",",","or","film","and","video","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"There's something for everyone, really.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["There","'s","something","for","everyone",",","really","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,0,13,0]}
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{"text":"Since we started working with Skillshare, you, our viewers, have taken over 100,000 hours of classes, including our own three Skillshare classes on how we make our animations.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":174,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":31,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Since","we","started","working","with","Skillshare",",","you",",","our","viewers",",","have","taken","over","100,000","hours","of","classes",",","including","our","own","three","Skillshare","classes","on","how","we","make","our","animations","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,0,39,40,0,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"In them, you will learn all the basics like how to set up your project and layers, but also more details about how we work with tools and timing.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":143,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":30,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","them",",","you","will","learn","all","the","basics","like","how","to","set","up","your","project","and","layers",",","but","also","more","details","about","how","we","work","with","tools","and","timing","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
{"text":"You'll get to recreate typical Kurzgesagt scenes with our very own illustrations and get a sneak peek into the work process of our animators.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":140,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":85,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["You","'ll","get","to","recreate","typical","Kurzgesagt","scenes","with","our","very","own","illustrations","and","get","a","sneak","peek","into","the","work","process","of","our","animators","."],"tags":[1,15,17,18,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
{"text":"If you've always been curious about animation, give it a try.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","you","'ve","always","been","curious","about","animation",",","give","it","a","try","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,9,7,8,0]}
{"text":"But anything that makes you feel excited and sparks new ideas is a great first step.","spans":[{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","anything","that","makes","you","feel","excited","and","sparks","new","ideas","is","a","great","first","step","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
{"text":"If you want to get creative with new skills and support Kurzgesagt, give it a go.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":79,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","get","creative","with","new","skills","and","support","Kurzgesagt",",","give","it","a","go","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,9,7,8,0]}